Surface Geophysical Methods

This section covers most of the commonly used surface geophysical methods .

Electrical Methods


• Equipotential and Mise-a-la-Messe Methods


• Induced Polarization


• Resistivity Methods


• Self-Potential (SP) Method

Electromagnetic Methods


• Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Methods
• Tilt Angle Method
• Terrain Conductivity Method


• Ground-Penetrating Radar


• Metal Detectors


• Seismoelectrical Method


• Time-Domain Electromagnetic Methods


• Very Low-Frequency (VLF) Method

Nuclear Methods

Potential Field Methods


• Gravity Methods


• Magnetic Methods

Seismic Methods


• Seismic Reflection Methods
• Common-Offset Seismic Reflection Method
• Subbottom Profiling
• Fathometer Surveys


• Surface Wave Methods
• Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW)
• Common-Offset Rayleigh Wave Method

 

The pages found under Surface Methods and Borehole Methods are substantially based on a report produced by the United States Department of Transportation:

Wightman, W. E., Jalinoos, F., Sirles, P., and Hanna, K. (2003). "Application of Geophysical Methods to Highway Related Problems." Federal Highway Administration, Central Federal Lands Highway Division, Lakewood, CO, Publication No. FHWA-IF-04-021, September 2003. http://www.cflhd.gov/resources/agm/