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Seagrasses

Seagrasses

Seagrasses are flowering plants that grow in marine, fully-saline environments. They are called seagrasses because the leaves are long and narrow and are very often green, and because the plants often grow in large "meadows" that look like grassland. Seagrass meadows are one type of ocatsal; wetland, that is often found in association with coral reefs.

CMap

Carbon storage and cycling is the ability of an ecosystem to utilize, process, and store carbon. Climate regulation is the process by which ecosystems process and store carbon, which can modulate atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Coastal Development is the construction of infrastructure, buildings, homes, and roads in coastal communities. Complex habitat and resources reflects the complex architecture of sessile, plant-like organisms, such as octocoral and sponges, which provides shelter and protection for small fish and other invertebrates from predators. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Fish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills and usually have scales. An Invertebrate is any animal that lacks a backbone. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics � mainly between latitudes 25� N and 25� S. Nutrient and contaminant processing refers to an ecosystem's ability to process and cycle contaminants and nutrients through its system. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Physical Damage to reef habitat and wetlands can occur from vessel groundings, dredging, trampling, boat movement, anchor drops, trawling, and fishing gear. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Seagrasses are flowering plants that grow in marine, fully-saline environments. Shoreline armoring is the construction of bulkheads, seawalls, riprap or any other structure used to harden a shoreline against erosion. Shoreline Protection is the attenuation of wave energy by reefs that protects coastal communities against shoreline erosion and flooding during storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis that can cause property damage and loss of life. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally.

CMap Description

Coastal wetlands provide essential nursery habitat for many species of reef fish and invertebrates. Wetlands can alter seawater flow through wave energy attenuation, providing calm waters that may enhance recruitment of larval fish and invertebrates, in additional to protecting coastal communities from flooding or erosion. Wetlands provide nutrients to reefs through the transport of materials, through fish or water movement, between the ecosystems. Nutrient and contaminant processing by wetlands can improve water quality. Many of the same socio-economic sectors that benefit from wetland ecosystem goods and services also create pressures on wetlands that indirectly impact nearby reefs. Wetlands may be filled, drained, or dredged to create land for buildings or channels for ship traffic. Point-source discharges or non-point source run-off can lead to inputs of nutrients, sediment, or toxic chemicals into coastal waters. Monitoring, mapping, and scientific research can be used to better understand changes in wetland condition, bio-physical processes, interactions among species, and how wetlands may be impacted by various stressors or potential decisions. Discharge limitations, dredging regulations, and land-use management can be implement to control pollution and reduce physical damage to wetlands. Wetlands may be restored or replaced by planting wetland grasses or mangrove trees or altering hydrology.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Principe, P., P. Bradley, S. Yee, W. Fisher, E. Johnson, P. Allen, and D. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying Coral Reef Ecosystem Services. EPA/600/R-11/206, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2012 Global Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beach & Land Formation; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Adam, TC; Schmitt, RJ; Holbrook, SJ; Brooks, AJ; Edmunds, PJ; Carpenter, RC; Bernardi, G. 2011. Herbivory, Connectivity, and Ecosystem Resilience: Response of a Coral Reef to a Large-Scale Perturbation. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bellchambers, LM; Meeuwig, JJ; Evans, SN; Legendre, P. 2011. Modelling habitat associations of the common spider conch in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 432:83-90. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Bostrom, C., S. J. Pittma, C. Simenstad, and R. T. Kneib. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. 2011 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Bostrom, C; Pittman, SJ; Simenstad, C; Kneib, RT. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Docks & Marinas; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Brodie, JE; Devlin, M; Haynes, D; Waterhouse, J. 2011. Assessment of the eutrophication status of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Australia). Biogeochemistry 106:281-302. 2011 Australia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Octocoral; Plankton; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Campbell, SJ; Kartawijaya, T; Sabarini, EK. 2011. Connectivity in reef fish assemblages between seagrass and coral reef habitats. Aquatic Biology 13:65-77. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Carlon, DB; Budd, AF; Lippe, C; Andrew, RL. 2011. The Quantitative Genetics Of Incipient Speciation: Heritability And Genetic Correlations Of Skeletal Traits In Populations Of Diverging Favia Fragum Ecomorphs. Evolution 65:3428-3447. 2011 Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carrera-Parra, LF; Fauchald, K; Gambi, MC. 2011. Revision of the taxonomic status of Lysidice (Polychaeta, Eunicidae) in the Western Caribbean Sea with observation on species reproductive features and habitat preference. Italian Journal of Zoology 78:27-40. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Sponges
Casal, G; Sanchez-Carnero, N; Sanchez-Rodriguez, E; Freire, J. 2011. Remote sensing with SPOT-4 for mapping kelp forests in turbid waters on the south European Atlantic shelf. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 91:371-378. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe; Spain GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Climate; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Substrate
Castro-Perez, JM; Gonzalez, GA; Arias-Gonzalez, JE. 2011. Characterizing spatial and temporal reef fisheries in Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve, northern Mesoamerican Reef System. Hidrobiologica 21:197-209. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Collado-Vides, L; Mazzei, V; Thyberg, T; Lirman, D. 2011. Spatio-temporal patterns and nutrient status of macroalgae in a heavily managed region of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA. Botanica Marina 54:377-390. 2011 Florida Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Connell, SD; Russell, BD; Irving, AD. 2011. Can strong consumer and producer effects be reconciled to better forecast 'catastrophic' phase-shifts in marine ecosystems? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 400:296-301. 2011 Global Model Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
D'Alessandro, EK; Sponaugle, S. 2011. Comparative predation rates on larval snappers (Lutjanidae) in oceanic, reef, and nearshore waters. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399:182-187. 2011 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Eme, J; Dabruzzi, TF; Bennett, WA. 2011. Thermal responses of juvenile squaretail mullet (Liza vaigiensis) and juvenile crescent terapon (Terapon jarbua) acclimated at near-lethal temperatures, and the implications for climate change. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399:35-38. 2011 Indonesia Fish; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Fabricius, KE; Langdon, C; Uthicke, S; Humphrey, C; Noonan, S; De'ath, G; Okazaki, R; Muehllehner, N; Glas, MS; Lough, JM. 2011. Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature Climate Change 1:165-169. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Fisher, R; Knowlton, N; Brainard, RE; Caley, MJ. 2011. Differences among Major Taxa in the Extent of Ecological Knowledge across Four Major Ecosystems. PLoS One 6. 2011 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Godet, L; Zelnio, KA; Van Dover, CL. 2011. Scientists as Stakeholders in Conservation of Hydrothermal Vents. Conservation Biology 25:214-222. 2011 Educational & Research Opportunities; Seagrasses
Grol, MGG; Nagelkerken, I; Bosch, N; Meesters, EH. 2011. Preference of early juveniles of a coral reef fish for distinct lagoonal microhabitats is not related to common measures of structural complexity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 432:221-233. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Grol, MGG; Nagelkerken, I; Rypel, AL; Layman, CA. 2011. Simple ecological trade-offs give rise to emergent cross-ecosystem distributions of a coral reef fish. Oecologia 165:79-88. 2011 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Gullstrom, M; Berkstrom, C; Ohman, MC; Bodin, M; Dahlberg, M. 2011. Scale-dependent patterns of variability of a grazing parrotfish (Leptoscarus vaigiensis) in a tropical seagrass-dominated seascape. Marine Biology 158:1483-1495. 2011 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hamylton, S. 2011. The use of remote sensing and linear wave theory to model local wave energy around Alphonse Atoll, Seychelles. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 95:349-358. 2011 Seychelles Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Hamylton, SM; Spencer, T. 2011. Geomorphological modelling of tropical marine landscapes: Optical remote sensing, patches and spatial statistics. Continental Shelf Research 31:S151-S161. 2011 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India; Iran Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Seagrasses
Herbeck, LS; Unger, D; Krumme, U; Liu, SM; Jennerjahn, TC. 2011. Typhoon-induced precipitation impact on nutrient and suspended matter dynamics of a tropical estuary affected by human activities in Hainan, China. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 93:375-388. 2011 China Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hitt, S; Pittman, SJ; Brown, KA. 2011. Tracking and mapping sun-synchronous migrations and diel space use patterns of Haemulon sciurus and Lutjanus apodus in the US Virgin Islands. Environmental Biology of Fishes 92:525-538. 2011 Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean GIS & Maps Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hitt, S; Pittman, SJ; Nemeth, RS. 2011. Diel movements of fishes linked to benthic seascape structure in a Caribbean coral reef ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:275-291. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment
Huijbers, CM; Nagelkerken, I; Govers, LL; van de Kerk, M; Oldenburger, JJ; de Brouwer, JHF. 2011. Habitat type and schooling interactively determine refuge-seeking behavior in a coral reef fish throughout ontogeny. Marine Ecology Progress Series 437:241-251. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Igulu, MM; Nagelkerken, I; Fraaije, R; van Hintum, R; Ligtenberg, H; Mgaya, YD. 2011. The potential role of visual cues for microhabitat selection during the early life phase of a coral reef fish (Lutjanus fulviflamma). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 401:118-125. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
James, NP; Bone, Y. 2011. Carbonate production and deposition in a warm-temperate macroalgal environment, Investigator Strait, South Australia. Sedimentary Geology 240:41-53. 2011 Australia Algae; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Jung, CA; Swearer, SE. 2011. Identification of discrete and ecologically relevant types of ichthyo-habitat at two spatial scales for process-based marine planning. Aquatic Biology 12:187-196. 2011 Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kendall, MS; Miller, TJ; Pittman, SJ. 2011. Patterns of scale-dependency and the influence of map resolution on the seascape ecology of reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:259-274. 2011 GIS & Maps Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kimirei, IA; Nagelkerken, I; Griffioen, B; Wagner, C; Mgaya, YD. 2011. Ontogenetic habitat use by mangrove/seagrass-associated coral reef fishes shows flexibility in time and space. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 92:47-58. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Tanzania; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Knudby, A; Nordlund, L. 2011. Remote sensing of seagrasses in a patchy multi-species environment. International Journal of Remote Sensing 32:2227-2244. 2011 Tanzania Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Koplovitz, G; McClintock, JB. 2011. An evaluation of chemical and physical defenses against fish predation in a suite of seagrass-associated ascidians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 407:48-53. 2011 Florida Model Fish; Seagrasses
Licuanan, WY; Medina, MLS; Luzon, KS; Samson, MS; Nanola, CL; Rollon, RN; Roleda, MY. 2011. Priority Reef Areas in the Pacific Coast of the Philippines for Marine Protected Area Deployment. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 94:384-400. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Mabrouk, L; Hamza, A; Ben Brahim, M; Bradai, MN. 2011. Temporal and depth distribution of microepiphytes on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile leaves in a meadow off Tunisia. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 32:148-161. 2011 Cuba Index or Indicator Algae; Docks & Marinas; Light; Microorganisms; Seagrasses
Mateo, I; Durbin, E; Appeldoorn, R; Adams, A; Juanes, F; Durant, D. 2011. Inferred Growth Of Juvenile French Grunts, Haemulon Flavolineatum, And Schoolmaster, Lutjanus Apodus, In Mangrove And Seagrass Habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:339-350. 2011 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Study Location; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
McMahon, KW; Berumen, ML; Mateo, I; Elsdon, TS; Thorrold, SR. 2011. Carbon isotopes in otolith amino acids identify residency of juvenile snapper (Family: Lutjanidae) in coastal nurseries. Coral Reefs 30:1135-1145. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses; Wetlands
McMahon, KW; Fogel, ML; Johnson, BJ; Houghton, LA; Thorrold, SR. 2011. A new method to reconstruct fish diet and movement patterns from delta(13)C values in otolith amino acids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68:1330-1340. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fish; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Moura, RL; Francini, RB; Chaves, EM; Minte-Vera, CV; Lindeman, KC. 2011. Use of riverine through reef habitat systems by dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu) in eastern Brazil. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 95:274-278. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Murugan, A; Dhanya, S; Sarcar, AB; Naganathan, V; Rajagopal, S; Balasubramanian, T. 2011. Fishery biology, demography of three spotted seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus inhabiting Gulf of Mannar region, Southeast coast of India. Indian journal of GeoMarine Sciences 40:411-423. 2011 India Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Nanjo, K; Nakamura, Y; Horinouchi, M; Kohno, H; Sano, M. 2011. Predation risks for juvenile fishes in a mangrove estuary: A comparison of vegetated and unvegetated microhabitats by tethering experiments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 405:53-58. 2011 Australia; Japan Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nobi, EP; Dilipan, E; Sivakumar, K; Thangaradjou, T. 2011. Distribution and biology of seagrass resources of Lakshadweep group of Islands, India. Indian journal of GeoMarine Sciences 40:624-634. 2011 India Docks & Marinas; Seagrasses
Planes, S; Raventos, N; Ferrari, B; Alcoverro, T. 2011. Fish herbivory leads to shifts in seagrass Posidonia oceanica investments in sexual reproduction. Marine Ecology Progress Series 431:205-213. 2011 Carbon Storage & Cycling; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rasheed, MA; Unsworth, RKF. 2011. Long-term climate-associated dynamics of a tropical seagrass meadow: implications for the future. Marine Ecology Progress Series 422:93-103. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Climate; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Reuter, M; Piller, WE. 2011. Volcaniclastic events in coral reef and seagrass environments: evidence for disturbance and recovery (Middle Miocene, Styrian Basin, Austria). Coral Reefs 30:889-899. 2011 Indonesia Algae; Coralline Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Smith, TM; Hindell, JS; Jenkins, GP; Connolly, RM; Keough, MJ. 2011. Edge effects in patchy seagrass landscapes: The role of predation in determining fish distribution. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399:8-16. 2011 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Szabo, K; Amesbury, JR. 2011. Molluscs in a world of islands: The use of shellfish as a food resource in the tropical island Asia-Pacific region. Quaternary International 239:8-18. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Java; Indonesia Climate; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Tanaka, Y; Miyajima, T; Watanabe, A; Nadaoka, K; Yamamoto, T; Ogawa, H. 2011. Distribution of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in a coral reef. Coral Reefs 30:533-541. 2011 Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Terrados, J; Ramirez-Garcia, P. 2011. Cover and edge length to area ratio of seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) meadows in coral reef lagoons (Veracruz Reef System, Southwest Gulf of Mexico). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:224-230. 2011 South & Central America; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico GIS & Maps Docks & Marinas; Seagrasses
van Rein, H; Brown, CJ; Quinn, R; Breen, J; Schoeman, D. 2011. An evaluation of acoustic seabed classification techniques for marine biotope monitoring over broad-scales (> 1 km(2)) and meso-scales (10 m(2)-1 km(2)). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 93:336-349. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
van Tussenbroek, BI; Santos, MGB. 2011. Demography of Halimeda incrassata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in a Caribbean reef lagoon. Marine Biology 158:1461-1471. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Vila-Nova, DA; Bender, MG; Carvalho, A; Ferreira, CEL; Floeter, SR. 2011. The Use of Non-reef Habitats by Brazilian Reef Fish Species: Considerations for the Design of Marine Protected Areas. Natureza and Conservacao 9:79-86. 2011 Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Waite, R., E. Cooper, N. Zenny, and L. Burke. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Value of Jamaica�s Coral Reef-Related Fisheries. Working Paper, World Resources Institute and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D. C. (USA). 2011 Global; Jamaica Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Ward-Paige, CA; Pattengill-Semmens, C; Myers, RA; Lotze, HK. 2011. Spatial and temporal trends in yellow stingray abundance: evidence from diver surveys. Environmental Biology of Fishes 90:263-276. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Cuba; Jamaica; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Yeager, LA; Layman, CA; Allgeier, JE. 2011. Effects of habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales on fish community assembly. Oecologia 167:157-168. 2011 Bahamas Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses
Zuidema, C; Plate, R; Dikou, A. 2011. To preserve or to develop? East Bay dredging project, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands. Journal of Coastal Conservation 15:555-563. 2011 Turks and Caicos Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae; Valuation
Bjorndal, K. A. and A. B. Bolten. 2010. Hawksbill sea turtles in seagrass pastures: success in a peripheral habitat. Marine Biology 157:135-145. 2010 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Index or Indicator Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Blumenthal, J. M., T. J. Austin, J. B. Bothwell, A. C. Broderick, G. Ebanks-Petrie, J. R. Olynik, M. F. Orr, J. L. Solomon, M. J. Witt, and B. J. Godley. 2010. Life in (and out of) the lagoon: fine-scale movements of green turtles tracked using time-depth recorders. Aquatic Biology 9:113-121. 2010 Cayman Islands Fishing Sector; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Brandano, M., L. Tomassetti, F. Bosellini, and A. Mazzucchi. 2010. Depositional model and paleodepth reconstruction of a coral-rich, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system: the Burdigalian of Capo Testa (northern Sardinia, Italy). Facies 56:433-444. 2010 Model Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment
Brodie, J., T. Schroeder, K. Rohde, J. Faithful, B. Masters, A. Dekker, V. Brando, and M. Maughan. 2010. Dispersal of suspended sediments and nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon during river-discharge events: conclusions from satellite remote sensing and concurrent flood-plume sampling. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:651-664. 2010 Australia Remote Sensing Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Clifton, J., L. C. Cullen, J. Haapkyla, and R. K. F. Unsworth. 2010. Ensuring appropriate and proportionate responses to environmental threats: A response to Caras and Pasternak. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:700-702. 2010 Indonesia Cultural Policies; Mangroves; Mining Policies; Seagrasses
Cortes, J., A. C. Fonseca, J. Nivia-Ruiz, V. Nielsen-Munoz, J. Samper-Villarreal, E. Salas, S. Martinez, and P. Zamora-Trejos. 2010. Monitoring coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves in Costa Rica (CARICOMP). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:1-22. 2010 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment
Dewsbury, B. M. and J. W. Fourqurean. 2010. Artificial Reefs Concentrate Nutrients And Alter Benthic Community Structure In An Oligotrophic, Subtropical Estuary. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:813-829. 2010 Florida Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment
Edgar, G. J., A. Davey, G. Kelly, R. B. Mawbey, and K. Parsons. 2010. Biogeographical and ecological context for managing threats to coral and rocky reef communities in the Lord Howe Island Marine Park, south-western Pacific. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:378-396. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Ford, J. R., R. J. Williams, A. M. Fowler, D. R. Cox, and I. M. Suthers. 2010. Identifying critical estuarine seagrass habitat for settlement of coastally spawned fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:181-193. 2010 Australia Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Seagrasses
Gavio, B., S. Palmer-Cantillo, and J. E. Mancera. 2010. Historical analysis (2000-2005) of the coastal water quality in San Andres Island, Sea Flower Biosphere Reserve, Caribbean Colombia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1018-1030. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Seagrasses
Grech, A. and R. G. Coles. 2010. An ecosystem-scale predictive model of coastal seagrass distribution. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:437-444. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Guerra-Garcia, J. M., T. Ganesh, M. Jaikumar, and A. V. Raman. 2010. Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from India. Helgoland Marine Research 64:297-310. 2010 India Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Haas, A. F., C. Jantzen, M. S. Naumann, R. Iglesias-Prieto, and C. Wild. 2010. Organic matter release by the dominant primary producers in a Caribbean reef lagoon: implication for in situ O-2 availability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 409:27-39. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Plankton; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Haig, J. A., R. M. Connolly, and J. M. Hughes. 2010. Little shrimp left on the shelf: the roles that sea-level change, ocean currents and continental shelf width play in the genetic connectivity of a seagrass-associated species. Journal of Biogeography 37:1570-1583. 2010 Australia Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hammerschlag, N. and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Nocturnal fish utilization of a subtropical mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 31:364-374. 2010 Apex Fish Predators; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hammerschlag, N., A. B. Morgan, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Relative predation risk for fishes along a subtropical mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:259-267. 2010 Florida Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hammerschlag, N., M. R. Heithaus, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Influence of predation risk and food supply on nocturnal fish foraging distributions along a mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414:223-235. 2010 Florida Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hedley, J. and S. Enriquez. 2010. Optical properties of canopies of the tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum estimated by a three-dimensional radiative transfer model. Limnology and Oceanography 55:1537-1550. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Model; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Light; Seagrasses
Houk, P. and R. Camacho. 2010. Dynamics of seagrass and macroalgal assemblages in Saipan Lagoon, Western Pacific Ocean: disturbances, pollution, and seasonal cycles. Botanica Marina 53:205-212. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Irving, A. D., J. E. Tanner, S. Seddon, D. Miller, G. J. Collings, R. J. Wear, S. L. Hoare, and M. J. Theil. 2010. Testing alternate ecological approaches to seagrass rehabilitation: links to life-history traits. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:1119-1127. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mitigation; Seagrasses; Sediment; Valuation
Jimenez, H., P. Dumas, L. Bigot, J. M. Amouroux, and J. Ferraris. 2010. Taxonomic resolution needed to describe invertebrate assemblages and to detect harvesting effects on coral reef ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 406:211-222. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Kazanidis, G., C. Antoniadou, A. P. Lolas, N. Neofitou, D. Vafidis, C. Chintiroglou, and C. Neofitou. 2010. Population dynamics and reproduction of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the Aegean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:895-901. 2010 Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Seagrasses
Knudby, A., C. Newman, Y. Shaghude, and C. Muhando. 2010. Simple and effective monitoring of historic changes in nearshore environments using the free archive of Landsat imagery. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 12:S116-S122. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Substrate
Kopp, D., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, D. Mouillot, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Juvenile Fish Assemblages in Caribbean Seagrass Beds: Does Nearby Habitat Matter? Journal of Coastal Research 26:1133-1141. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kuo, Y. M. and H. J. Lin. 2010. Dynamic factor analysis of long-term growth trends of the intertidal seagrass Thalassia hemprichii in southern Taiwan. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 86:225-236. 2010 Taiwan Model Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Lauer, M. and S. Aswani. 2010. Indigenous Knowledge and Long-term Ecological Change: Detection, Interpretation, and Responses to Changing Ecological Conditions in Pacific Island Communities. Environmental Management 45:985-997. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Solomon Islands Remote Sensing Housing; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lirman, D., N. Gracias, B. Gintert, A. C. R. Gleason, G. Deangelo, M. Dick, E. Martinez, and R. P. Reid. 2010. Damage and recovery assessment of vessel grounding injuries on coral reef habitats by use of georeferenced landscape video mosaics. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 8:88-97. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Lopez-Ordaz, A. and J. G. Rodriguez-Quintal. 2010. Ichthyofauna associated to a shallow reef in Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:163-174. 2010 Venezuela Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lozano-Alvarez, E., P. Briones-Fourzan, L. Alvarez-Filip, H. M. Weiss, F. Negrete-Soto, and C. Barradas-Ortiz. 2010. Influence of shelter availability on interactions between Caribbean spiny lobsters and moray eels: implications for artificial lobster enhancement. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:175-185. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
March, D., M. Palmer, J. Alos, A. Grau, and F. Cardona. 2010. Short-term residence, home range size and diel patterns of the painted comber Serranus scriba in a temperate marine reserve. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:195-206. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Mass, T., A. Genin, U. Shavit, M. Grinstein, and D. Tchernov. 2010. Flow enhances photosynthesis in marine benthic autotrophs by increasing the efflux of oxygen from the organism to the water. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:2527-2531. 2010 Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Mateo, I., E. G. Durbin, R. S. Appeldoorn, A. J. Adams, F. Juanes, R. Kingsley, P. Swart, and D. Durant. 2010. Role of mangroves as nurseries for French grunt Haemulon flavolineatum and schoolmaster Lutjanus apodus assessed by otolith elemental fingerprints. Marine Ecology Progress Series 402:197-212. 2010 US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
May-Ku, M. A., P. L. Ardisson, and U. Ordonez-Lopez. 2010. Morphological variation of Thalassia testudinum in two shallow coastal environments from the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Botanica Marina 53:449-455. 2010 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Melo, P. A. M. C., T. A. Silva, S. Neumann-Leitao, R. Schwamborn, L. M. O. Gusmao, and F. Porto Neto. 2010. Demersal zooplankton communities from tropical habitats in the southwestern Atlantic. Marine Biology Research 6:530-541. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Plankton; Seagrasses; Substrate
Mendoza-Carranza, M., D. J. Hoeinghaus, A. M. Garcia, and A. Romero-Rodriguez. 2010. Aquatic food webs in mangrove and seagrass habitats of Centla Wetland, a Biosphere Reserve in Southeastern Mexico. Neotropical Ichthyology 8:171-178. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Miloslavich, P., J. M. Diaz, E. Klein, J. Jose Alvarado, C. Diaz, J. Gobin, E. Escobar-Briones, J. J. Cruz-Motta, E. Weil, J. Cortes, A. C. Bastidas, R. Robertson, F. Zapata, A. Martin, J. Castillo, A. Kazandjian, and M. Ortiz. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. PLoS One 5:e11916. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Antilles; Cuba; Venezuela; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Mustafa, S. 2010. New Perspectives on Marine Biodiversity. Ambio 39:528-530. 2010 Global Climate; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Mwandya, A. W., M. Gullstrom, M. H. Andersson, M. C. Ohman, Y. D. Mgaya, and I. Bryceson. 2010. Spatial and seasonal variations of fish assemblages in mangrove creek systems in Zanzibar (Tanzania). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 89:277-286. 2010 Tanzania Index or Indicator Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Substrate
Nakamura, Y. 2010. Patterns in fish response to seagrass bed loss at the southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Marine Biology 157:2397-2406. 2010 Global; Japan Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Niggl, W. and C. Wild. 2010. Spatial distribution of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea sp. within fringing coral reef environments of the Northern Red Sea: implications for its life cycle. Helgoland Marine Research 64:281-287. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Nobi, E. P., E. Dilipan, T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, and L. Kannan. 2010. Geochemical and geo-statistical assessment of heavy metal concentration in the sediments of different coastal ecosystems of Andaman Islands, India. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 87:253-264. 2010 India Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Olsen, Y. S. and I. Valiela. 2010. Effect of Sediment Nutrient Enrichment and Grazing on Turtle Grass Thalassia testudinum in Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico. Estuaries and Coasts 33:769-783. 2010 Puerto Rico Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Olsen, Y. S., S. E. Fox, E. L. Kinney, M. Teichberg, and I. Valiela. 2010. Differences in urbanization and degree of marine influence are reflected in delta C-13 and delta N-15 of producers and consumers in seagrass habitats of Puerto Rico. Marine Environmental Research 69:198-206. 2010 Puerto Rico Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Pereira, P. H. C., B. P. Ferreira, and S. M. Rezende. 2010. Community structure of the ichthyofauna associated with seagrass beds (Halodule wrightii) in Formoso River estuary - Pernambuco, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 82:617-628. 2010 Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Petraitis, P. S. and C. Hoffman. 2010. Multiple stable states and relationship between thresholds in processes and states. Marine Ecology Progress Series 413:189-200. 2010 Review; Model Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Purcell, S. W. 2010. Diel burying by the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra: effects of environmental stimuli, handling and ontogeny. Marine Biology 157:663-671. 2010 New Caledonia Commercial Fisheries; Echinoderms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Rodriguez-Martinez, R. E., F. Ruiz-Renteria, B. van Tussenbroek, G. Barba-Santos, E. Escalante-Mancera, G. Jordan-Garza, and E. Jordan-Dahlgren. 2010. Environmental state and tendencies of the Puerto Morelos CARICOMP site, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:23-43. 2010 South & Central America; Oman; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae
Rodriguez-Ramirez, A., J. Garzon-Ferreira, A. Batista-Morales, D. L. Gil, D. I. Gomez-Lopez, K. Gomez-Campo, T. Lopez-Londono, R. Navas-Camacho, M. C. Reyes-Nivia, and J. Vega-Sequeda. 2010. Temporal patterns in coral reef, seagrass and mangrove communities from Chengue bay CARICOMP site (Colombia) 1993-2008. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:45-62. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Roelfsema, C. and S. Phinn. 2010. Integrating field data with high spatial resolution multispectral satellite imagery for calibration and validation of coral reef benthic community maps. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 4:43527. 2010 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Scheef, L. P. and N. H. Marcus. 2010. Occurrence and significance of copepod resting egg accumulation in seagrass sediments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 407:125-134. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Plankton; Seagrasses; Sediment
Scheibling, R. E. and A. Metaxas. 2010. Mangroves And Fringing Reefs As Nursery Habitats For The Endangered Caribbean Sea Star Oreaster Reticulatus. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:133-148. 2010 South & Central America; Belize; Panama; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges
Shank, G. C., R. G. Zepp, A. Vahatalo, R. Lee, and E. Bartels. 2010. Photobleaching kinetics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter derived from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:162-171. 2010 Florida CO2; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Shank, G. C., R. Lee, A. Vahatalo, R. G. Zepp, and E. Bartels. 2010. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:172-181. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Remote Sensing Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Soliman, V. S., H. Yamada, and K. Yamaoka. 2010. Early life-history of the spiny siganid Siganus spinus (Linnaeus 1758) inferred from otolith microstructure. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26:540-545. 2010 Philippines Plankton; Seagrasses
Sridhar, R., T. Thangaradjou, and L. Kannan. 2010. Spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton in coral reef and seagrass ecosystems of the Palk Bay, southeast coast of India. Journal of Environmental Biology 31:765-771. 2010 India Plankton; Seagrasses
Stallings, C. D., F. C. Coleman, C. C. Koenig, and D. A. Markiewicz. 2010. Energy allocation in juveniles of a warm-temperate reef fish. Environmental Biology of Fishes 88:389-398. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Fish; Seagrasses
Steiner, S. C. C. and D. A. Willette. 2010. Distribution and size of benthic marine habitats in Dominica, Lesser Antilles. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:589-602. 2010 Antilles Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses
Steiner, S. C. C., K. J. Macfarlane, L. M. Price, and D. A. Willette. 2010. The distribution of seagrasses in Dominica, Lesser Antilles. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:89-98. 2010 Antilles Invasive Species; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Todd, P. A., X. Y. Ong, and L. M. Chou. 2010. Impacts of pollution on marine life in Southeast Asia. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:1063-1082. 2010 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Review Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waterborne Discharges
Tuya, F., M. A. Vanderklift, G. A. Hyndes, T. Wernberg, M. S. Thomsen, and C. Hanson. 2010. Proximity to rocky reefs alters the balance between positive and negative effects on seagrass fauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series 405:175-186. 2010 Seagrasses
Tyne, J. A., N. R. Loneragan, M. Krutzen, S. J. Allen, and L. Bejder. 2010. An integrated data management and video system for sampling aquatic benthos. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:1023-1028. 2010 Australia Seagrasses; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Unsworth, R. K. F. and L. C. Cullen. 2010. Recognising the necessity for Indo-Pacific seagrass conservation. Conservation Letters 3:63-73. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Unsworth, R. K. F., L. C. Cullen, J. N. Pretty, D. J. Smith, and J. J. Bell. 2010. Economic and subsistence values of the standing stocks of seagrass fisheries: Potential benefits of no-fishing marine protected area management. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:218-224. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Unsworth, R. K. F., S. De Grave, and L. Y. D. Goulding. 2010. Influence Of Environmental Cycles Upon A Seagrass Caridean Shrimp Assemblage. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58:349-355. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Primary Production; Seagrasses
van Dijk, J. K. and B. I. van Tussenbroek. 2010. Clonal diversity and structure related to habitat of the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum along the Atlantic coast of Mexico. Aquatic Botany 92:63-69. 2010 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Mexico Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Vaslet, A., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, G. Charrier, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Spatial Patterns of Mangrove Shoreline Fish Communities in Relation with Environmental Variables in Caribbean Lagoons. Estuaries and Coasts 33:195-210. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vaslet, A., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Fish assemblages in a mangrove shoreline lagoon of Guadeloupe (FWI): spatial and temporal distribution patterns along environmental gradients. Cybium 34:115-127. 2010 Antilles Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vonk, J. A., M. J. A. Christianen, and J. Stapel. 2010. Abundance, edge effect, and seasonality of fauna in mixed-species seagrass meadows in southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia. Marine Biology Research 6:282-291. 2010 Indonesia Bivalves; Echinoderms; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Seagrasses; Sediment
Wolkenhauer, S. M., S. Uthicke, C. Burridge, T. Skewes, and R. Pitcher. 2010. The ecological role of Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) within subtropical seagrass beds. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:215-223. 2010 Global Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Seagrasses
Alfaro, A. C., W. L. Zemke-White, and W. Nainoca. 2009. Faunal composition within algal mats and adjacent habitats on Likuri Island, Fiji Islands. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89:295-302. 2009 Fiji Algae; Invertebrates; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Bainbridge, Z. T., J. E. Brodie, J. W. Faithful, D. A. Sydes, and S. E. Lewis. 2009. Identifying the land-based sources of suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides discharged to the Great Barrier Reef from the Tully-Murray Basin, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1081-1090. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Bertelsen, R. D., M. J. Butler, W. F. Herrnkind, and J. H. Hunt. 2009. Regional characterisation of hard-bottom nursery habitat for juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) using rapid assessment techniques. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:299-312. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral
Brandano, M., V. Frezza, L. Tomassetti, M. Pedley, and R. Matteucci. 2009. Facies analysis and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Late Oligocene Attard Member (Lower Coralline Limestone Formation), Malta. Sedimentology 56:1138-1158. 2009 Global Algae; Coralline Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Carassou, L., C. Mellin, and D. Ponton. 2009. Assessing the diversity and abundances of larvae and juveniles of coral reef fish: A synthesis of six sampling techniques. Biodiversity and Conservation 18:355-371. 2009 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Chartrand, K. M. and M. J. Durako. 2009. Distribution and photobiology of siderastrea radians and thalassia testudinum in florida bay, florida, USA. Bulletin of Marine Science 84:153-166. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Index or Indicator Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Clark, R. D., S. Pittman, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, B. Roque, R. S. Appeldoorn, and M. E. Monaco. 2009. Nocturnal fish movement and trophic flow across habitat boundaries in a coral reef ecosystem (SW Puerto Rico). Caribbean Journal of Science 45:282-303. 2009 Puerto Rico Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Molluscs; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Coles, R., L. McKenzie, G. De'ath, A. Roelofs, and W. L. Long. 2009. Spatial distribution of deepwater seagrass in the inter-reef lagoon of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Marine Ecology Progress Series 392:57-68. 2009 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Point Source Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cooley, S. R. and S. C. Doney. 2009. Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries. Environmental Research Letters 4:24007. 2009 Review; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Cornelisen, C. D. and F. I. M. Thomas. 2009. Prediction and validation of flow-dependent uptake of ammonium over a seagrass-hardbottom community in Florida Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 386:71-81. 2009 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Skeletal Coral
Devlin, M. and B. Schaffelke. 2009. Spatial extent of riverine flood plumes and exposure of marine ecosystems in the Tully coastal region, Great Barrier Reef. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1109-1122. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, A. De Groene, G. Van Der Velde, and I. Nagelkerken. 2009. Piscivore assemblages and predation pressure affect relative safety of some back-reef habitats for juvenile fish in a Caribbean bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 379:181-196. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Doropoulos, C., G. A. Hyndes, P. S. Lavery, and F. Tuya. 2009. Dietary preferences of two seagrass inhabiting gastropods: Allochthonous vs autochthonous resources. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 83:13-18. 2009 Australia Lab Study Algae; Seagrasses
Eklof, J. S., S. Frocklin, A. Lindvall, N. Stadlinger, A. Kimathi, J. N. Uku, and T. R. McClanahan. 2009. How effective are MPAs? Predation control and 'spill-in effects' in seagrass-coral reef lagoons under contrasting fishery management. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:83-96. 2009 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars
Ellison, J. C. 2009. Wetlands of the pacific island region. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:169-206. 2009 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Niue; Samoa; Tuvalu; Marshall Islands; Kiribati; Cook Islands; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands Review; Field Study & Monitoring Landuse Management; Mangroves; Mining Policies; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Eme, J. and W. A. Bennett. 2009. Acute temperature quotient responses of fishes reflect their divergent thermal habitats in the Banda Sea, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Australian Journal of Zoology 57:357-362. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Faria, A. M., A. F. Ojanguren, L. A. Fuiman, and E. J. Goncalves. 2009. Ontogeny of critical swimming speed of wild-caught and laboratory-reared red drum Sciaenops ocellatus larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:221-230. 2009 Lab Study Fish; Seagrasses
Fernandez, T. V., G. D'Anna, F. Badalamenti, and A. Perez-Ruzafa. 2009. Effect of simulated macroalgae on the fish assemblage associated with a temperate reef system. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 376:7-16. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Franca, S., M. J. Costa, and H. N. Cabral. 2009. Assessing habitat specific fish assemblages in estuaries along the Portuguese coast. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 83:1-12. 2009 GIS & Maps Climate; Fish; Seagrasses
Granek, E. F., J. E. Compton, and D. L. Phillips. 2009. Mangrove-exported nutrient incorporation by sessile coral reef invertebrates. Ecosystems 12:462-472. 2009 Panama Model Algae; Bivalves; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Hanelt, D. and M. Y. Roleda. 2009. UVB radiation may ameliorate photoinhibition in specific shallow-water tropical marine macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 91:12-Jun. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Hattori, A. and M. Kobayashi. 2009. Incorporating fine-scale seascape composition in an assessment of habitat quality for the giant sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea in a coral reef shore zone. Ecological Research 24:415-422. 2009 Japan Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Seagrasses
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. 2009. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59:72-86. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kamal, A. H. and M. A. A. Khan. 2009. Coastal and estuarine resources of Bangladesh: management conservation issues. Maejo International Journal Of Science And Technology 3:313-342. 2009 Discharges; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kleypas, J. A. and K. K. Yates. 2009. Coral reefs and ocean acidification. Oceanography 22:108-117. 2009 Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Koch, E. W., E. B. Barbier, B. R. Silliman, D. J. Reed, G. M. E. Perillo, S. D. Hacker, E. F. Granek, J. H. Primavera, N. Muthiga, S. Polasky, B. S. Halpern, C. J. Kennedy, C. V. Kappel, and E. Wolanski. 2009. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:29-37. 2009 Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Valuation
Kruck, N. C., C. A. Chargulaf, U. Saint-Paul, and I. R. Tibbetts. 2009. Early post-settlement habitat and diet shifts and the nursery function of tidepools during Sillago spp. recruitment in Moreton Bay, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:207-219. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Lachica-Alino, L., L. T. David, M. Wolff, P. M. Alino, and M. C. G. Ranola. 2009. Distributional Patterns, Habitat Overlap and Trophic Interactions of Species Caught by Trawling in the Ragay Gulf, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:46-65. 2009 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Octopus & Squid; Plankton; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lewis, S. E., J. E. Brodie, Z. T. Bainbridge, K. W. Rohde, A. M. Davis, B. L. Masters, M. Maughan, M. J. Devlin, J. F. Mueller, and B. Schaffelke. 2009. Herbicides: A new threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Pollution 157:2470-2484. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Luo, J. G., J. E. Serafy, S. Sponaugle, P. B. Teare, and D. Kieckbusch. 2009. Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:255-269. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Luo, J., J. E. Serafy, S. Sponaugle, P. B. Teare, and D. Kieckbusch. 2009. Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:255-269. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Mellin, C. and D. Ponton. 2009. Assemblages of reef fish settling on artificial substrates: effect of ambient habitat over two temporal scales. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1285-1297. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Moses, C. S., S. Andrefouet, C. J. Kranenburg, and F. E. Muller-Karger. 2009. Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity Using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:103-115. 2009 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, M. Sano, and T. Shibuno. 2009. The effects of distance from coral reefs on seagrass nursery use by 5 emperor fishes at the southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Fisheries Science 75:1401-1408. 2009 Japan Fish; Seagrasses
Nakamura, Y., T. Shibuno, D. Lecchini, and Y. Watanabe. 2009. Habitat selection by emperor fish larvae. Aquatic Biology 6:61-65. 2009 Japan Lab Study Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Nakamura, Y., T. Shibuno, D. Lecchini, T. Kawamura, and Y. Watanabe. 2009. Spatial variability in habitat associations of pre- and post-settlement stages of coral reef fishes at Ishigaki Island, Japan. Marine Biology 156:2413-2419. 2009 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Nyunja, J., M. Ntiba, J. Onyari, K. Mavuti, K. Soetaert, and S. Bouillon. 2009. Carbon sources supporting a diverse fish community in a tropical coastal ecosystem (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 83:333-341. 2009 Kenya Algae; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Obura, D. O. and G. Grimsditch. 2009. Resilience Assessment of Coral Reefs Rapid assessment protocol for coral reefs, focusing on coral bleaching and thermal stress. IUCN working group on Climate Change and Coral Reefs, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Poore, A. G. B., A. H. Campbell, and P. D. Steinberg. 2009. Natural densities of mesograzers fail to limit growth of macroalgae or their epiphytes in a temperate algal bed. Journal of Ecology 97:164-175. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Seagrasses; Substrate
Raventos, N., B. Ferrari, and S. Planes. 2009. Differences in population parameters and behaviour of the herbivorous fish Sarpa salpa between protected and unprotected seagrass meadows in the north-western Mediterranean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89:1153-1159. 2009 Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Roelfsema, C. M., S. R. Phinn, N. Udy, and P. Maxwell. 2009. An Integrated Field and Remote Sensing Approach for Mapping Seagrass Cover, Moreton Bay, Australia. Journal of Spatial Science 54:45-62. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Scharer-Umpierre, M. 2009. USING LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY TO DESCRIBE HABITAT CONNECTIVITY FOR CORAL REEF FISHES. PhD Dissertation. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2009 Puerto Rico Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Semesi, I. S., J. Kangwe, and M. Bjork. 2009. Alterations in seawater pH and CO2 affect calcification and photosynthesis in the tropical coralline alga, Hydrolithon sp (Rhodophyta). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:337-341. 2009 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Stelzenmuller, V., F. Maynou, and P. Martin. 2009. Patterns of species and functional diversity around a coastal marine reserve: a fisheries perspective. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:554-565. 2009 Spain GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Unsworth, R. K. F., S. L. Garrard, P. S. De Leon, L. C. Cullen, D. J. Smith, K. A. Sloman, and J. J. Bell. 2009. Structuring of Indo-Pacific fish assemblages along the mangrove-seagrass continuum. Aquatic Biology 5:85-95. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Valle, C. and J. T. Bayle-Sempere. 2009. Effects of a marine protected area on fish assemblage associated with Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds: temporal and depth variations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25:537-544. 2009 Cuba Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
van Dijk, J. K., B. I. van Tussenbroek, K. Jimenez-Duran, G. J. Marquez-Guzman, and J. Ouborg. 2009. High levels of gene flow and low population genetic structure related to high dispersal potential of a tropical marine angiosperm. Marine Ecology Progress Series 390:67-77. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Seagrasses
van Katwijk, M. M., A. R. Bos, V. N. de Jonge, L. S. A. M. Hanssen, D. C. R. Hermus, and D. J. de Jong. 2009. Guidelines for seagrass restoration: Importance of habitat selection and donor population, spreading of risks, and ecosystem engineering effects. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:179-188. 2009 Review Seagrasses
Waycott, M., C. M. Duarte, T. J. B. Carruthers, R. J. Orth, W. C. Dennison, S. Olyarnik, A. Calladine, J. W. Fourqurean, K. L. Heck, A. R. Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, W. J. Kenworthy, F. T. Short, and S. L. Williams. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:12377-12381. 2009 Global Climate; Coastal Development; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
2008. DRAFT PROPOSED REVISIONS TO: U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS. Chapter 7. Water Pollution Control, Subchapter 186. Water Quality Standards for Waters of the Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands. 2008 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator Biocriteria; Designated Uses; Discharges; Irrigation; Mangroves; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Aguilar-Perera, A. and R. S. Appeldoorn. 2008. Spatial distribution of marine fishes along a cross-shelf gradient containing a continuum of mangrove-seagrass-coral reefs off southwestern Puerto Rico. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 76:378-394. 2008 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Baeza, J. A. and A. Anker. 2008. Lysmata hochi n. sp., a new hermaphroditic shrimp from the southwestern Caribbean Sea (Caridea: Hippolytidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 28:148-155. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Barbier, E. B., E. W. Koch, B. R. Silliman, S. D. Hacker, E. Wolanski, J. Primavera, E. F. Granek, S. Polasky, S. Aswani, L. A. Cramer, D. M. Stoms, C. J. Kennedy, D. Bael, C. V. Kappel, G. M. E. Perillo, and D. J. Reed. 2008. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science 319:321-323. 2008 Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Bos, A. R., G. S. Gumanao, J. C. E. Alipoyo, and L. T. Cardona. 2008. Population dynamics, reproduction and growth of the Indo-Pacific horned sea star, Protoreaster nodosus (Echinodermata; Asteroidea). Marine Biology 156:55-63. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines Echinoderms; Salinity; Seagrasses; Seastars; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cebrian, J., C. D. Foster, R. Plutchak, K. L. Sheehan, M.-E.C. Miller, A. Anton, K. Major, K. L. Heck Jr., and S. P. Powers. 2008. The impact of Hurricane Ivan on the primary productivity and metabolism of marsh tidal creeks in the NorthCentral Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic Ecology 42:391-404. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Clynick, B. G., C. W. McKindsey, and P. Archambault. 2008. Distribution and productivity of fish and macroinvertebrates in mussel aquaculture sites in the Magdalen islands (Quebec, Canada). Aquaculture 283:203-210. 2008 Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Cochard, R., S. L. Ranamukhaarachchi, G. P. Shivakoti, O. V. Shipin, P. J. Edwards, and K. T. Seeland. 2008. The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 10:3-40. 2008 Thailand Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Colin, P. L. 2008. Velasco Reef: a sunken atoll with unusual \remnant\" beds of the seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum". Coral Reefs 1. 2008 Seagrasses
Conservation International (CI). 2008. Economic values of coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses: a global compilation. Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Arlington, Virginia. 2008 Global; Florida Carbon Storage & Cycling; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
De Falco, G., M. Baroli, A. Cucco, and S. Simeone. 2008. Intrabasinal conditions promoting the development of a biogenic carbonate sedimentary facies associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Continental Shelf Research 28:797-812. 2008 Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
De Sloover, J. R. and A.-L. Jacquemart. 2008. Nymph island (Great Barrier Reef, QLD, Australia): Flora and vegetation of a low wooded island. Scripta Botanica Belgica 43:Jan-88. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Seagrasses
Demopoulos, A. W. J., N. Cormier, K. C. Ewel, and B. Fry. 2008. Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of Indo-Pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda: Portunidae). Estuaries and Coasts 31:371-381. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Model Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Duarte, C. M., W. C. Dennison, R. J. W. Orth, and T. J. B. Carruthers. 2008. The charisma of coastal ecosystems: Addressing the imbalance. Estuaries and Coasts 31:233-238. 2008 Collaboration & Partnering; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses
England, P. R., J. Phillips, J. R. Waring, G. Symonds, and R. Babcock. 2008. Modelling wave-induced disturbance in highly biodiverse marine macroalgal communities: Support for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Marine and Freshwater Research 59:515-520. 2008 Global; Australia Model; Index or Indicator Seagrasses
Fairclough, D. V., K. R. Clarke, F. J. Valesini, and I. C. Potter. 2008. Habitat partitioning by five congeneric and abundant Choerodon species (Labridae) in a large subtropical marine embayment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:446-456. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Finfish Harvest; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fox, R. J. and D. R. Bellwood. 2008. Remote video bioassays reveal the potential feeding impact of the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus (f: Siganidae) on an inner-shelf reef of the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:605-615. 2008 Australia Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Freire, K. M. F., V. Christensen, and D. Pauly. 2008. Description of the East Brazil Large Marine Ecosystem using a trophic model. Scientia Marina 72:477-491. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Galst, C. J. and T. W. Anderson. 2008. Fish-habitat associations and the role of disturbance in surfgrass beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:177-186. 2008 Seagrasses
Godet, L., N. Toupoint, F. Olivier, J. Fournier, and C. Retiere. 2008. Considering the functional value of common marine species as a conservation stake: The case of sandmason worm Lanice conchilega (Pallas 1766) (Annelida, Polychaeta) beds. Ambio 37:347-355. 2008 Europe; France Marine Worms; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses
Goodman, J. A., M. Velez-Reyes, and S. Rosario-Torres. 2008. An update on SeaBED: A TesBED for validating subsurface aquatic hyperspectral remote sensing algorithms. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7105. 2008 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Infrastructure; Seagrasses
Granek, E. and B. I. Ruttenberg. 2008. Changes in biotic and abiotic processes following mangrove clearing. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 80:555-562. 2008 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Grol, M. G. G., M. Dorenbosch, E. M. G. Kokkelmans, and I. Nagelkerken. 2008. Mangroves and seagrass beds do not enhance growth of early juveniles of a coral reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 366:137-146. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses
Guinotte, J. M. and V. J. Fabry. 2008. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:320-342. 2008 Review Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses
Gullstrom, M., M. Bodin, P. G. Nilsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2008. Seagrass structural complexity and landscape configuration as determinants of tropical fish assemblage composition. Marine Ecology Progress Series 363:241-255. 2008 Indian Ocean; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Heck Jr., K. L., T. J. B. Carruthers, C. M. Duarte, A. R. Hughes, G. Kendrick, R. J. Orth, and S. W. Williams. 2008. Trophic Transfers from Seagrass Meadows Subsidize Diverse Marine and Terrestrial Consumers. Ecosystems 13-Jan. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Seagrasses
Hinchey, E. K., M. C. Nicholson, R. N. Zajac, and E. A. Irlandi. 2008. Preface: Marine and coastal applications in landscape ecology. Landscape Ecology 23:5-Jan. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Houk, P. and R. Van Woesik. 2008. Dynamics of shallow-water assemblages in the Saipan Lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 356:39-50. 2008 Northern Mariana Islands GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Huijbers, C. M., E. M. Mollee, and I. Nagelkerken. 2008. Post-larval French grunts (Haemulon flavolineatum) distinguish between seagrass, mangrove and coral reef water: Implications for recognition of potential nursery habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357:134-139. 2008 Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Idris, M. H., A. Arshad, J. S. Bujang, M. A. Ghaffar, and S. K. Daud. 2008. Morphometric analysis as an application tool to differentiate three local pen shells species. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 31:287-298. 2008 Malaysia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Bivalves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Karpouzli, E. and T. J. Malthus. 2008. Integrating dual frequency side scan sonar and high spatial resolution satellite imagery for monitoring coral reef benthic communities. Pages 1730-1733 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Seagrasses; Sediment
Kendall, M. S. and T. Miller. 2008. The influence of thematic and spatial resolution on maps of a coral reef ecosystem. Marine Geodesy 31:75-102. 2008 Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Seagrasses
LaCommare, K. S., C. Self-Sullivan, and S. Brault. 2008. Distribution and habitat use of Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in the drowned Cayes Area of Belize, Central America. Aquatic Mammals 34:35-43. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Seagrasses
Lamb, K. and P. K. Swart. 2008. The carbon and nitrogen isotopic values of particulate organic material from the Florida Keys: A temporal and spatial study. Coral Reefs 27:351-362. 2008 Florida Algae; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses
Lee, T. N., N. Melo, E. Johns, C. Kelble, R. H. Smith, and P. Ortner. 2008. On water renewal and salinity variability in the northeast subregion of Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 82:83-105. 2008 Florida Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lloret, J. and V. Riera. 2008. Evolution of a mediterranean coastal zone: Human impacts on the marine environment of cape creus. Environmental Management 42:977-988. 2008 Cuba Boating Activities; Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Macia, S. and M. P. Robinson. 2008. Habitat-dependent growth in a Caribbean sea urchin Tripneustes ventricosus: The importance of food type. Helgoland Marine Research 62:303-308. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Mateu-Vicens, G., P. Hallock, and M. Brandano. 2008. A depositional model and paleoecological reconstruction of the lower Tortonian distally steepened ramp of Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Palaios 23:465-481. 2008 Spain Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment
Meynecke, J. O, S. Y. Lee, and N. C. Duke. 2008. Linking spatial metrics and fish catch reveals the importance of coastal wetland connectivity to inshore fisheries in Queensland, Australia. Biological Conservation 141:981-996. 2008 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Michel, J., C. Boring, and C. Locke. 2008. Rapid assessment protocols for small vessel groundings. Pages 381-386 in International Oil Spill Conference - IOSC 2008, Proceedings. 2008 GIS & Maps Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Miller, D. J. and A. Wright. 2008. Investigator group expedition 2006: Application of remote survey techniques to characterise the benthic habitats. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132:243-250. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Murugan, A., S. Dhanya, S. Rajagopal, and T. Balasubramanian. 2008. Seahorses and pipefishes of the Tamil Nadu coast. Current Science 95:253-260. 2008 India; Oman Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Nagelkerken, I., J. Bothwell, R. S. Nemeth, J. M. Pitt, and G. Van Der Velde. 2008. Interlinkage between Caribbean coral reefs and seagrass beds through feeding migrations by grunts (Haemulidae) depends on habitat accessibility. Marine Ecology Progress Series 368:155-164. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Seagrasses
Nakamura, Y. and M. Tsuchiya. 2008. Spatial and temporal patterns of seagrass habitat use by fishes at the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 76:345-356. 2008 Japan Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Phinn, S., C. Roelfsema, A. Dekker, V. Brando, and J. Anstee. 2008. Mapping seagrass species, cover and biomass in shallow waters: An assessment of satellite multi-spectral and airborne hyper-spectral imaging systems in Moreton Bay (Australia). Remote Sensing of Environment 112:3412-3425. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pittman, S. J., S. D. Hile, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, M. S. Kendall, M. E. Monaco, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2008. Fish assemblages and benthic habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands) and the surrounding seascape: a characterization of spatial and temporal patterns. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD. 2008 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Powter, D. M. and W. Gladstone. 2008. Habitat preferences of Port Jackson sharks, Heterodontus portusjacksoni, in the coastal waters of Eastern Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 129:151-165. 2008 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Seagrasses
Raghukumar, C. 2008. Marine fungal biotechnology: An ecological perspective. Fungal Diversity 31:19-35. 2008 Review Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Remediation; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges
Rasheed, M. A., K. R. Dew, L. J. McKenzie, R. G. Coles, S. P. Kerville, and S. J. Campbell. 2008. Productivity, carbon assimilation and intra-annual change in tropical reef platform seagrass communities of the Torres Strait, north-eastern Australia. Continental Shelf Research 28:2292-2303. 2008 Australia Seagrasses
Restrepo, J. D. 2008. Applicability of LOICZ catchment-coast continuum in a major Caribbean basin: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:214-229. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roberts, D. A., E. L. Johnston, and A. G. B. Poore. 2008. Contamination of marine biogenic habitats and effects upon associated epifauna. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1057-1065. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sponges
Roelfsema, C. and S. Phinn. 2008. Evaluating eight field and remote sensing approaches for mapping the benthos of three different coral reef environments in Fiji. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7150. 2008 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Saint-Cast, F. 2008. Multiple time-scale modelling of the circulation in Torres Strait-Australia. Continental Shelf Research 28:2214-2240. 2008 Global; Australia Model Light; Seagrasses; Sediment
Shibuno, T., Y. Nakamura, M. Horinouchi, and M. Sano. 2008. Habitat use patterns of fishes across the mangrove-seagrass-coral reef seascape at Ishigaki Island, southern Japan. Ichthyological Research 55:218-237. 2008 Japan Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Sirelkhatim, D. A., A. K. Sam, and R. K. Hassona. 2008. Distribution of 226Ra-210Pb-210Po in marine biota and surface sediments of the Red Sea, Sudan. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 99:1825-1828. 2008 Sudan Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Smith, L. L., J. L. Fessler, M. E. Alfaro, J. T. Streelman, and M. W. Westneat. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of regulatory gene sequences in the parrotfishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49:136-152. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Taylor, S. M. and M. B. Bennett. 2008. Cephalopod dietary specialization and ontogenetic partitioning of the Australian weasel shark Hemigaleus australiensis White, Last & Compagno. Journal of Fish Biology 72:917-936. 2008 Australia Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Seagrasses
Terrados, J., P. Ramirez-Garcia, O. Hernandez-Martinez, K. Pedraza, and A. Quiroz. 2008. State of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig meadows in the Veracruz Reef System, Veracruz, Mexico. Aquatic Botany 88:17-26. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Nutrients; Seagrasses
Thangaradjou, T., R. Sridhar, S. Senthilkumar, and S. Kannan. 2008. Seagrass resource assessment in the Mandapam coast of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 6:139-146. 2008 India Remote Sensing Seagrasses
Tokoro, T., H. Kayanne, A. Watanabe, K. Nadaoka, H. Tamura, K. Nozaki, K. Kato, and A. Negishi. 2008. High gas-transfer velocity in coastal regions with high energy-dissipation rates. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 113. 2008 Japan Model Seagrasses
Tolentino-Pablico, G., N. Bailly, R. Froese, and C. Elloran. 2008. Seaweeds preferred by herbivorous fishes. Journal of Applied Phycology 20:933-938. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Aquaculture; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Unsworth, R. K. F., P. S. De Leon, S. L. Garrard, J. Jompa, D. J. Smith, and J. J. Bell. 2008. High connectivity of Indo-Pacific seagrass fish assemblages with mangrove and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 353:213-224. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Valentine, J. F., K. L. Heck Jr., D. Blackmon, M. E. Goecker, J. Christian, R. M. Kroutil, B. J. Peterson, M. A. Vanderklift, K. D. Kirsch, and M. Beck. 2008. Exploited species impacts on trophic linkages along reef seagrass interfaces in the Florida Keys. Ecological Applications 18:1501-1515. 2008 Florida Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Van Tussenbroek, B. I., M. G. Barba Santos, J. K. Van Dijk, S. N. M. Sanabria Alcaraz, and M. L. Tellez Calderon. 2008. Selective elimination of rooted plants from a tropical seagrass bed in a back-reef lagoon: A hypothesis tested by Hurricane Wilma (2005). Journal of Coastal Research 24:278-281. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Vanderklift, M. A. and T. Wernberg. 2008. Detached kelps from distant sources are a food subsidy for sea urchins. Oecologia 157:327-335. 2008 Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Verweij, M. C., I. Nagelkerken, I. Hans, S. M. Ruseler, and P. R. D. Mason. 2008. Seagrass nurseries contribute to coral reef fish populations. Limnology and Oceanography 53:1540-1547. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Wabnitz, C. C., S. Andrefouet, D. Torres-Pulliza, F. E. Muller-Karger, and P. A. Kramer. 2008. Regional-scale seagrass habitat mapping in the Wider Caribbean region using Landsat sensors: Applications to conservation and ecology. Remote Sensing of Environment 112:3455-3467. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Wilson, B. 2008. Population structures among epiphytal foraminiferal communities, Nevis, West Indies. Journal of Micropalaeontology 27:63-73. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Wulff, J. L. 2008. Collaboration among sponge species increases sponge diversity and abundance in a seagrass meadow. Marine Ecology 29:193-204. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Collaboration & Partnering; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges
Acosta, A., C. Bartels, J. Colvocoresses, and M. F. D. Greenwood. 2007. Fish assemblages in seagrass habitats of the Florida keys, Florida: Spatial and temporal characteristics. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:19-Jan. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Aguilar-Perera, A. and R. S. Appeldoorn. 2007. Variation in juvenile fish density along the mangrove-seagrass-coral reef continuum in SW Puerto Rico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348:139-148. 2007 Puerto Rico Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Anker, A. 2007. New species and records of alpheid shrimps, genera Salmoneus Holthuis and Parabetaeus Coutiere, from the tropical western Atlantic (Decapoda, Caridea). Zootaxa 21-39. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles Algae; Coralline Algae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Briones-Fourzan, P., E. Lozano-Alvarez, F. Negrete-Soto, and C. Barradas-Ortiz. 2007. Enhancement of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters: An evaluation of changes in multiple response variables with the addition of large artificial shelters. Oecologia 151:401-416. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Campbell, S. J., L. J. McKenzie, S. P. Kerville, and J. S. Bite. 2007. Patterns in tropical seagrass photosynthesis in relation to light, depth and habitat. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:551-562. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator Climate; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Chatenoux, B. and P. Peduzzi. 2007. Impacts from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Analysing the potential protecting role of environmental features. Natural Hazards 40:289-304. 2007 Indian Ocean; India GIS & Maps Infrastructure; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Collado-Vides, L., V. G. Caccia, J. N. Boyer, and J. W. Fourqurean. 2007. Tropical seagrass-associated macroalgae distributions and trends relative to water quality. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:680-694. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Coppard, S. E. and A. C. Campbell. 2007. Grazing preferences of diadematid echinoids in Fiji. Aquatic Botany 86:204-212. 2007 Fiji Algae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Dorenbosch, M., W. C. E. P. Verberk, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2007. Influence of habitat configuration on connectivity between fish assemblages of Caribbean seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 334:103-116. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Elliott, M., D. Burdon, K. L. Hemingway, and S. E. Apitz. 2007. Estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystem restoration: Confusing management and science - A revision of concepts. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 74:349-366. 2007 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Remediation; Seagrasses
Faunce, C. H. and J. E. Serafy. 2007. Nearshore habitat use by gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) and bluestriped grunt (Haemulon sciurus): Environmental gradients and ontogenetic shifts. Bulletin of Marine Science 80:473-495. 2007 Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Garpe, K. 2007. Effects of habitat structure on tropical fish assemblages. PhD Dissertation. Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Grober-Dunsmore, R., T. K. Frazer, W. J. Lindberg, and J. Beets. 2007. Reef fish and habitat relationships in a Caribbean seascape: The importance of reef context. Coral Reefs 26:201-216. 2007 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Habeeb, R. L., C. R. Johnson, S. Wotherspoon, and P. J. Mumby. 2007. Optimal scales to observe habitat dynamics: a coral reef example. Ecological Applications 17:641-647. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Seagrasses
Haynes, D., J. Brodie, J. Waterhouse, Z. Bainbridge, D. Bass, and B. Hart. 2007. Assessment of the water quality and ecosystem health of the Great Barrier Reef (Australia): Conceptual models. Environmental Management 40:993-1003. 2007 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heck Jr., K. L. and J. F. Valentine. 2007. The primacy of top-down effects in shallow benthic ecosystems. Estuaries and Coasts 30:371-381. 2007 Review Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kopp, D., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2007. Diel differences in the seagrass fish assemblages of a Caribbean island in relation to adjacent habitat types. Aquatic Botany 87:31-37. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kuo, J. 2007. New monoecious seagrass of Halophila sulawesii (Hydrocharitaceae) from Indonesia. Aquatic Botany 87:171-175. 2007 Indonesia Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Kutser, T., E. Vahtmae, C. M. Roelfsema, and L. Metsamaa. 2007. Photo-library method for mapping seagrass biomass. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 75:559-563. 2007 Palau Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Seagrasses; Substrate
Mellin, C., S. Andrefouet, and D. Ponton. 2007. Spatial predictability of juvenile fish species richness and abundance in a coral reef environment. Coral Reefs 26:895-907. 2007 New Caledonia Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Seagrasses
Mohammad-Noor, N., N. Daugbjerg, O. Moestrup, and A. Anton. 2007. Marine epibenthic dinoflagellates from Malaysia - A study of live cultures and preserved samples based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Nordic Journal of Botany 24:629-690. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Malaysia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Morgan, S. K. and A. C. J. Vincent. 2007. The ontogeny of habitat associations in the tropical tiger tail seahorse Hippocampus comes Cantor, 1850. Journal of Fish Biology 71:701-724. 2007 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Algae; Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral
Mosk, V., N. Thomas, N. S. Hart, J. C. Partridge, L. D. Beazley, and J. Shand. 2007. Spectral sensitivities of the seahorses Hippocampus subelongatus and Hippocampus barbouri and the pipefish Stigmatopora argus. Visual Neuroscience 24:345-354. 2007 Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses
Murdoch, T. J. T., A. F. Glasspool, M. Outerbridge, J. Ward, S. Manuel, J. Gray, A. Nash, K. A. Coates, J. Pitt, J. W. Fourqurean, P. A. Barnes, M. Vierros, K. Holzer, and S. R. Smith. 2007. Large-scale decline in offshore seagrass meadows in Bermuda. Marine Ecology Progress Series 339:123-130. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Mutchler, T., K. H. Dunton, A. Townsend-Small, S. Fredriksen, and M. K. Rasser. 2007. Isotopic and elemental indicators of nutrient sources and status of coastal habitats in the Caribbean Sea, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 74:449-457. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Index or Indicator Coastal Development; Discharges; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Nagelkerken, I. 2007. Are non-estuarine mangroves connected to coral reefs through fish migration? Bulletin of Marine Science 80:595-607. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Review Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I. and C. H. Faunce. 2007. Colonisation of artificial mangroves by reef fishes in a marine seascape. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 75:417-422. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nakamura, Y., H. Kawasaki, and M. Sano. 2007. Experimental analysis of recruitment patterns of coral reef fishes in seagrass beds: Effects of substrate type, shape, and rigidity. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 71:559-568. 2007 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Nuraini, S., E. C. Carballo, W. L. T. Van Densen, M. A. M. Machiels, H. J. Lindeboom, and L. A. J. Nagelkerke. 2007. Utilization of seagrass habitats by juvenile groupers and snappers in Banten Bay, Banten Province, Indonesia. Hydrobiologia 591:85-98. 2007 Indonesia Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Okolodkov, Y. B., G. Campos-Bautista, I. Garate-Lizarraga, J. A. G. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, M. Hoppenrath, and V. Arenas. 2007. Seasonal changes of benthic and epiphytic dinoflagellates in the Veracruz reef zone, Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 47:223-237. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Hydrocoral; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Pittman, S. J., C. Caldow, S. D. Hile, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Using seascape types to explain the spatial patterns of fish in the mangroves of SW Puerto Rico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348:273-284. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Pittman, S. J., J. D. Christensen, C. Caldow, C. Menza, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Predictive mapping of fish species richness across shallow-water seascapes in the Caribbean. Ecological Modelling 204:9-21. 2007 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pollux, B. J. A., W. C. E. P. Verberk, M. Dorenbosch, E. Cocheret De La Moriniere, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2007. Habitat selection during settlement of three Caribbean coral reef fishes: Indications for directed settlement to seagrass beds and mangroves. Limnology and Oceanography 52:903-907. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Powers, M. J., C. H. Peterson, H. C. Summerson, and S. P. Powers. 2007. Macroalgal growth on bivalve aquaculture netting enhances nursery habitat for mobile invertebrates and juvenile fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 339:109-122. 2007 Algae; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Seagrasses
Puglisi, M. P., S. Engel, P. R. Jensen, and W. Fenical. 2007. Antimicrobial activities of extracts from Indo-Pacific marine plants against marine pathogens and saprophytes. Marine Biology 150:531-540. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Seagrasses
Relini, G., M. Relini, G. Palandri, S. Merello, and E. Beccornia. 2007. History, ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea, Italy. Hydrobiologia 580:193-217. 2007 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Invasive Species; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Ryan, D. A., B. P. Brooke, L. B. Collins, G. A. Kendrick, K. J. Baxter, A. N. Bickers, P. J. W. Siwabessy, and C. B. Pattiaratchi. 2007. The influence of geomorphology and sedimentary processes on shallow-water benthic habitat distribution: Esperance Bay, Western Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:379-386. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate
Samonte-Tan, G. P. B., A. T. White, M. A. Tercero, J. Diviva, E. Tabara, and C. Caballes. 2007. Economic valuation of coastal and marine resources: Bohol Marine Triangle, Philippines. Coastal Management 35:319-338. 2007 Philippines Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Selgrath, J. C., K. A. Hovel, and R. A. Wahle. 2007. Effects of habitat edges on American lobster abundance and survival. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 353:253-264. 2007 England Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Sediment
Sergeeva, O. S., T. V. Titlyanova, and E. A. Titlyanov. 2007. Species composition and distribution of algae on the fringing coral reef of Sesoko Island (Ryukyu Archipelago) before and after the natural catastrophe of 1998. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 33:30-42. 2007 Algae; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Substrate
Short, F., T. Carruthers, W. Dennison, and M. Waycott. 2007. Global seagrass distribution and diversity: A bioregional model. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 350:3-20. 2007 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Swarnakumar, N. S., T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, and L. Kannan. 2007. Distribution of total heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal waters of the Great Nicobar with special reference to human pathogens. National Academy Science Letters 30:129-137. 2007 Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Takada, Y., O. Abe, and T. Shibuno. 2007. Colonization patterns of mobile cryptic animals into interstices of coral rubble. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:35-44. 2007 Japan Model Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Tewfik, A., F. Guichard, and K. S. McCann. 2007. Influence of acute and chronic disturbance on macrophyte landscape zonation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:111-121. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Unsworth, R. K. F., E. Wylie, D. J. Smith, and J. J. Bell. 2007. Diel trophic structuring of seagrass bed fish assemblages in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:81-88. 2007 Indonesia Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Unsworth, R. K. F., J. D. Taylor, A. Powell, J. J. Bell, and D. J. Smith. 2007. The contribution of scarid herbivory to seagrass ecosystem dynamics in the Indo-Pacific. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 74:53-62. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Valentine, J. F., K. L. Heck Jr., D. Blackmon, M. E. Goecker, J. Christian, R. M. Kroutil, K. D. Kirsch, B. J. Peterson, M. Beck, and M. A. Vanderklift. 2007. Food web interactions along seagrass-coral reef boundaries: Effects of piscivore reductions on cross-habitat energy exchange. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:37-50. 2007 Florida Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Vanderklift, M. A., J. How, T. Wernberg, L. D. MacArthur, K. L. Heck Jr., and J. F. Valentine. 2007. Proximity to reef influences density of small predatory fishes, while type of seagrass influences intensity of their predation on crabs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 340:235-243. 2007 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Verweij, M. C. and I. Nagelkerken. 2007. Short and long-term movement and site fidelity of juvenile Haemulidae in back-reef habitats of a Caribbean embayment. Hydrobiologia 592:257-270. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Verweij, M. C., I. Nagelkerken, K. E. M. Hol, A. H. J. B. Van Den Beld, and G. Van Der Velde. 2007. Space use of Lutjanus apodus including movement between a putative nursery and a coral reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:127-138. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Wetherbee, B. M., S. H. Gruber, and R. S. Rosa. 2007. Movement patterns of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris within Atol das Rocas, Brazil: A nursery characterized by tidal extremes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:283-293. 2007 Apex Fish Predators; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Whiting, S. D., M. L. Guinea, C. J. Limpus, and K. Fomiatti. 2007. Blood chemistry reference values for two ecologically distinct populations of foraging green turtles, eastern Indian Ocean. Comparative Clinical Pathology 16:109-118. 2007 Australia; Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Wilson, B. 2007. Guilds among epiphytal foraminifera on fibrous substrates, Nevis, West Indies. Marine Micropaleontology 63:18-Jan. 2007 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Adams, A. J., C. P. Dahlgren, G. T. Kellison, M. S. Kendall, C. A. Layman, J. A. Ley, I. Nagelkerken, and J. E. Serafy. 2006. Nursery function of tropical back-reef systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 318:287-301. 2006 Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Aguilar-Perera, A., M. Scharer, and M. Nemeth. 2006. Occurrence of Juvenile Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus (Teleostei: Serranidae), off Mona Island, Puerto Rico: Considerations of recruitment potential. Caribbean Journal of Science 42:264-267. 2006 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Al-Horani, F. A., S. A. Al-Rousan, M. Al-Zibdeh, and M. A. Khalaf. 2006. The status of coral reefs on the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Zoology in the Middle East 38:99-110. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Hotel & Food Services; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Armitage, A. R. and J. W. Fourqurean. 2006. The short-term influence of herbivory near patch reefs varies between seagrass species. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 339:65-74. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Arvedlund, M. and A. Takemura. 2006. The importance of chemical environmental cues for juvenile Lethrinus nebulosus Forsskål (Lethrinidae, Teleostei) when settling into their first benthic habitat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 338:112-122. 2006 Fish; Seagrasses
Ashworth, J. S., O. E. Bruce, and M. El Hellw. 2006. Fish assemblages of Red Sea backreef biotopes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:593-609. 2006 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Baisre, J. A. and Z. Arboleya. 2006. Going against the flow: Effects of river damming in Cuban fisheries. Fisheries Research 81:283-292. 2006 Cuba Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Baums, I. B., M. W. Miller, and M. E. Hellberg. 2006. Geographic variation in clonal structure in a reef-building Caribbean coral, Acropora palmata. Ecological Monographs 76:503-519. 2006 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Beaver, C. R., W. C. Jaap, M. K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Slade, S. Kupfner, S. Wade, J. W. Porter, K. Sutherland, C. Torres, C. Tsokos, and G. Yanev. 2006. U.S. EPA / FKNMS coral reef evaluation and monitoring project. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Pathogens; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Bujang, J. S., M. H. Zakaria, and A. Arshad. 2006. Distribution and significance of seagrass ecosystems in Malaysia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 9:203-214. 2006 Malaysia Review Bivalves; Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Substrate
Burkepile, D. E. and M. E. Hay. 2006. Herbivore vs. nutrient control of marine primary producers: Context-dependent effects. Ecology 87:3128-3139. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Collins, L. B., J. F. Read, J. W. Hogarth, and B. P. Coffey. 2006. Facies, outcrop gamma ray and C-O isotopic signature of exposed Miocene subtropical continental shelf carbonates, North West Cape, Western Australia. Sedimentary Geology 185:19-Jan. 2006 Australia Climate; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2006. Different surrounding landscapes may result in different fish assemblages in East African seagrass beds. Hydrobiologia 563:45-60. 2006 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2006. Seagrass beds and mangroves as potential nurseries for the threatened Indo-Pacific humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus and Caribbean rainbow parrotfish, Scarus guacamaia. Biological Conservation 129:277-282. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
EJF. 2006. Nature�s defence against Tsunamis- a report on the impact of mangrove loss and shrimp farm development on coastal defences. Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK. 2006 Sri Lanka; India Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Housing; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Enriquez, S. and A. Rodriguez-Roman. 2006. Effect of water flow on the photosynthesis of three marine macrophytes from a fringing-reef lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 323:119-132. 2006 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow
Fuentes, M. M. P. B., I. R. Lawler, and E. Gyuris. 2006. Dietary preferences of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on a tropical reef flat. Wildlife Research 33:671-678. 2006 Australia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Gattuso, J.-P., B. Gentili, C. M. Duarte, J. A. Kleypas, J. J. Middelburg, and D. Antoine. 2006. Light availability in the coastal ocean: Impact on the distribution of benthic photosynthetic organisms and contribution to primary production. Biogeosciences Discussions 3:895-959. 2006 Global Review Algae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Goodman, J. A., M. Velez-Reyes, S. Hunt, and R. Armstrong. 2006. Development of a field test environment for the validation of coastal remote sensing algorithms: Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6360. 2006 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gratwicke, B., C. Petrovic, and M. R. Speight. 2006. Fish distribution and ontogenetic habitat preferences in non-estuarine lagoons and adjacent reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 76:191-210. 2006 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean Review; GIS & Maps Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Hallock, P., K. Sheps, G. Chaproniere, and M. Howell. 2006. Larger benthic foraminifers of the Marion Plateau, northeastern Australia (ODP Leg 194): Comparison of Faunas from Bryozoan (sites 1193 and 1194) and red algal (sites 1196-1198) dominated carbonate platforms. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 194. 2006 Australia Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, F. Micheli, C. T. Perry, C. P. Dahlgren, K. E. Holmes, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2006. The functional value of Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove habitats to ecosystem processes. Advances in Marine Biology 50:57-189. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Mitigation; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Hernandez-Cruz, L. R., S. J. Purkis, and B. M. Riegl. 2006. Documenting decadal spatial changes in seagrass and Acropora palmata cover by aerial photography analysis in vieques, Puerto Rico: 1937-2000. Bulletin of Marine Science 79:401-414. 2006 Puerto Rico Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Jillian, L.-S.O., W. C. Lee, and S.-M. Phang. 2006. Hypothesizing marine provincialism on the basis of seaweed distribution in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 25:53-63. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Malaysia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kahn, A. E. and M. J. Durako. 2006. Thalassia testudinum seedling responses to changes in salinity and nitrogen levels. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335:12-Jan. 2006 Florida Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Khalaf, M. A., F. A. Al-Horani, S. A. Al-Rousan, and R. S. Manasrah. 2006. Community structure of the family Pomacentridae along the Jordanian coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Zoology in the Middle East 37:47-62. 2006 Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kuo, J., Z. Kanamoto, H. Iizumi, K. Aioi, and H. Mukai. 2006. Seagrasses from the Nansei Islands, Southern Japanese Archipelago: Species composition, distribution and biogeography. Marine Ecology 27:290-298. 2006 Japan Seagrasses
Lan, Z.-H., Y. Liao, Y.-Z. Xiao, and G.-Z. Chen. 2006. Degradation and conservation of coastal wetlands in South China Sea. Wetland Science 4:204-209. 2006 Global; China Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Lidz, B. H., C. D. Reich, R. L. Peterson, and E. A. Shinn. 2006. New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida keys. Journal of Coastal Research 22:260-282. 2006 Florida GIS & Maps Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R., E. Verheij, and J. Maina. 2006. Comparing the management effectiveness of a marine park and a multiple-use collaborative fisheries management area in East Africa. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:147-165. 2006 Kenya; Tanzania Algae; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
McDermid, K. J. and I. A. Abbott. 2006. Deep subtidal marine plants from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: New perspectives on biogeography. Atoll Research Bulletin 525-532. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Mishra, D., S. Narumalani, D. Rundquist, and M. Lawson. 2006. Benthic habitat mapping in tropical marine environments using quickbird multispectral data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 72:1037-1048. 2006 Honduras Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Morgan, S. K. and S. A. Lourie. 2006. Threatened fishes of the world: Hippocampus comes cantor 1850 (Syngnathidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 75:311-313. 2006 Global; Thailand; Malaysia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Mumby, P. J. 2006. Connectivity of reef fish between mangroves and coral reefs: algorithms for the design of marine reserves at seascape scales. Biological Conservation 128:215-222. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I., G. Van Der Velde, W. C. E. P. Verberk, and M. Dorenbosch. 2006. Segregation along multiple resource axes in a tropical seagrass fish community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 308:79-89. 2006 Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Raghukumar, C., M. S. Shailaja, P. S. Parameswaran, and S. K. Singh. 2006. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous media by the marine fungus NIOCC # 312: Involvement of lignin-degrading enzymes and exopolysaccharides. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 35:373-379. 2006 Seagrasses
Restrepo, J. D., P. Zapata, J. M. Diaz, J. Garzon-Ferreira, and C. B. Garcia. 2006. Fluvial fluxes into the Caribbean Sea and their impact on coastal ecosystems: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Global and Planetary Change 50:33-49. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Richardson, S. L. 2006. Response of epiphytic foraminiferal communities to natural eutrophication in seagrass habitats off Man O'War Cay, Belize. Marine Ecology 27:404-416. 2006 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Mangroves; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Roelfsema, C. M., S. R. Phinn, W. C. Dennison, A. G. Dekker, and V. E. Brando. 2006. Monitoring toxic cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula (Gomont) in Moreton Bay, Australia by integrating satellite image data and field mapping. Harmful Algae 5:45-56. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Cyanobacteria; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate
Schils, T. and S. C. Wilson. 2006. Temperature threshold as a biogeographic barrier in northern Indian ocean macroalgae. Journal of Phycology 42:749-756. 2006 Indian Ocean; India; Oman Algae; Seagrasses
Shapiro, A. C. and S. O. Rohmann. 2006. Mapping changes in submerged aquatic vegetation using Landsat imagery and benthic habitat data: Coral reef ecosystem monitoring in Vieques Sound between 1985 and 2000. Bulletin of Marine Science 79:375-388. 2006 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment
Southward, A. J., C. M. Young, and L. A. Fuiman, editors. 2006. Advances in marine biology: volume 50. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Hydrocoral; Mangroves; Octopus & Squid; Seagrasses
Taquet, C., M. Taquet, T. Dempster, M. Soria, S. Ciccione, D. Roos, and L. Dagorn. 2006. Foraging of the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas on seagrass beds at Mayotte Island (Indian Ocean), determined by acoustic transmitters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:295-302. 2006 Indian Ocean; Comoros; Mayotte; India Index or Indicator Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Verweij, M. C., I. Nagelkerken, D. De Graaff, M. Peeters, E. J. Bakker, and G. Van Der Velde. 2006. Structure, food and shade attract juvenile coral reef fish to mangrove and seagrass habitats: A field experiment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:257-268. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Wernberg, T., M. A. Vanderklift, J. How, and P. S. Lavery. 2006. Export of detached macroalgae from reefs to adjacent seagrass beds. Oecologia 147:692-701. 2006 Australia Algae; Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Al-Rousan, S. A., M. Y. Rasheed, M. A. Khalaf, and M. I. Badran. 2005. Ecological and geochemical characteristics of bottom habitats at the northern Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. Chemistry and Ecology 21:227-239. 2005 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Echinoderms; Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Andre, J., E. Gyuris, and I. R. Lawler. 2005. Comparison of the diets of sympatric dugongs and green turtles on the Orman Reefs, Torres Strait, Australia. Wildlife Research 32:53-62. 2005 Australia; Papua New Guinea Algae; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Baca, B., G. A. Ward, C. H. Lane, and P. A. Schuler. 2005. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of dispersed oil on nearshore tropical ecosystems derived from the 20 year \TROPICS\" field study". Pages 11272-11275 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Panama; Iran Review; Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Substrate
Baker, J. L., G. J. Edgar, and N. S. Barrett. 2005. Subtidal macroflora of althorpe and Haystack Islands, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 129:128-144. 2005 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Ballou, T. G., S. C. Hess, C. D. Getter, A. Knap, R. Dodge, and T. Sleeter. 2005. Final results of the api tropics oil spill and dispersant use experiments in panama. Page 3089 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Panama Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Ballou, T. G., S. C. Hess, R. E. Dodge, A. H. Knap, and T. D. Sleeter. 2005. Effects of untreated and chemically dispersed oil on tropical marine communities: A long-term field experiment. Page 2365 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Beegle-Krause, C. J., M. Fonseca, and G. Shigenaka. 2005. Noaa habitat recovery models using cellular automata techniques. Pages 10645-10651 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Coralline Algae; Monetary Valuation; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Ben-David, J. and J. P. Kritzer. 2005. Early life history and settlement of the slender filefish, Monacanthus tuckeri (Monacanthidae), at Calabash Caye, Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Environmental Biology of Fishes 73:275-282. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Bolanos, N., A. Bourg, J. Gomez, and J. J. Alvarado. 2005. Diversity and abundance of echinoderms from the reef lagoon at Cahuita National Park, Caribbean from Costa Rica [Diversidad y abundancia de equinodermos en la laguna arrecifal del Parque Nacional Cahuita, Caribe de Costa Rica.]. Revista de biología tropical 285-290. 2005 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Algae; Echinoderms; Seagrasses; Substrate
Brickhill, M. J., S. Y. Lee, and R. M. Connolly. 2005. Fishes associated with artificial reefs: Attributing changes to attraction or production using novel approaches. Journal of Fish Biology 67:53-71. 2005 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses
Bums, K., J. MacPherson, J. Tierney, M. Stoelting, L. Yelle, and D. Jorissen. 2005. Sediment chemistry studies related to the 1986 Bahia las Minas (Panama) oil spill. Page 7605 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Capili, E. B., A. C. S. Ibay, and J. R. T. Villarin. 2005. Climate change impacts and adaptation on Philippine coasts. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Review Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Plankton; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Carrubba, L. and J. Torres. 2005. Bibliography of coral reef and coralline communities in Puerto Rico. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Lajas, Puerto Rico. 2005 Puerto Rico Remote Sensing Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Carruthers, T. J. B., B. I. Van Tussenbroek, and W. C. Dennison. 2005. Influence of submarine springs and wastewater on nutrient dynamics of Caribbean seagrass meadows. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 64:191-199. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Hotel & Food Services; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Chittaro, P. M., P. Usseglio, and P. F. Sale. 2005. Variation in fish density, assemblage composition and relative rates of predation among mangrove, seagrass and coral reef habitats. Environmental Biology of Fishes 72:175-187. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Collin, R. 2005. Ecological monitoring and biodiversity surveys at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Boas del Toro Research Station. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:367-373. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Crigger, D. K., G. A. Graves, and D. L. Fike. 2005. Lake Worth Lagoon conceptual ecological model. Wetlands 25:943-954. 2005 Florida Model Boating Activities; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Cruz-Palacios, V. and B. I. Van Tussenbroek. 2005. Simulation of hurricane-like disturbances on a Caribbean seagrass bed. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 324:44-60. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Cubit, J. D., C. D. Getter, J. B. C. Jackson, S. D. Garrity, H. M. Caffey, R. C. Thompson, E. Weil, and M. J. Marshall. 2005. An oil spill affecting coral reefs and mangroves on the caribbean coast of Panama. Page 5432 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment
D'Agnes, H., J. Castro, L. D'Agnes, and R. Montebon. 2005. Gender issues within the population-environment nexus in Philippines coastal areas. Coastal Management 33:447-458. 2005 Philippines Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Cultural Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dennis, G. D., W. F. Smith-Vaniz, P. L. Colin, D. A. Hensley, and M. A. McGehee. 2005. Shore fishes from islands of the Mona Passage, Greater Antilles with comments on their zoogeography. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:716-743. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Antilles; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Diaz, M. C. 2005. Common sponges from shallow marine habitats from Bocas del Toro region, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:465-475. 2005 South & Central America; Cuba; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2005. Distribution of coral reef fishes along a coral reef-seagrass gradient: Edge effects and habitat segregation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 299:277-288. 2005 Indian Ocean; India Fish; Seagrasses
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, M. J. A. Christianen, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2005. Indo-Pacific seagrass beds and mangroves contribute to fish density and diversity on adjacent coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 302:63-76. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Tanzania; Comoros; India Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Duke, N. C., A. M. Bell, D. K. Pederson, C. M. Roelfsema, and S. B. Nash. 2005. Herbicides implicated as the cause of severe mangrove dieback in the Mackay region, NE Australia: Consequences for marine plant habitats of the GBR World Heritage Area. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:308-324. 2005 Australia Review Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Elliott, J. E. 2005. Responding to vessel groundings and oil spills in national parks and marine sanctuaries. Pages 10012-10017 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Enriquez, S. and N. I. Pantoja-Reyes. 2005. Form-function analysis of the effect of canopy morphology on leaf self-shading in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Oecologia 145:235-243. 2005 Model; Index or Indicator Light; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Furnas, M., A. Mitchell, M. Skuza, and J. Brodie. 2005. In the other 90%: Phytoplankton responses to enhanced nutrient availability in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:253-265. 2005 Australia Algae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Garrity, S. D., S. C. Levings, and K. A. Burns. 2005. Chronic oiling and long-term effects of the 1986 galeta spill on fringing mangroves. Page 1041 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Bivalves; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Point Source Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gonzalez-Correa, J. M., J. T. Bayle, J. L. Sanchez-Lizaso, C. Valle, P. Sanchez-Jerez, and J. M. Ruiz. 2005. Recovery of deep Posidonia oceanica meadows degraded by trawling. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 320:65-76. 2005 Artificial Habitat; Seagrasses; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Gratwicke, B. and M. R. Speight. 2005. Effects of habitat complexity on Caribbean marine fish assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 292:301-310. 2005 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Substrate
Gratwicke, B. and M. R. Speight. 2005. The relationship between fish species richness, abundance and habitat complexity in a range of shallow tropical marine habitats. Journal of Fish Biology 66:650-667. 2005 US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Gribble, N. A. 2005. MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand. 2005 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Guzman, H. M., P. A. G. Barnes, C. E. Lovelock, and I. C. Feller. 2005. A site description of the CARICOMP mangrove, seagrass and coral reef sites in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:430-440. 2005 Panama Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Haynes, D., S. Carter, C. Gaus, J. Muller, and W. Dennison. 2005. Organochlorine and heavy metal concentrations in blubber and liver tissue collected from Queensland (Australia) dugong (Dugong dugon). Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:361-369. 2005 Australia Coastal Development; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Toxics; Whales & Dolphins
Jordan, A., M. Lawler, V. Halley, and N. Barrett. 2005. Seabed habitat mapping in the Kent Group of islands and its role in marine protected area planning. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15:51-70. 2005 Australia GIS & Maps Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Sponges
Juman, R. A. 2005. Biomass, litterfall and decomposition rates for the fringed Rhizophora mangle forest lining the Bon Accord Lagoon, Tobago. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:207-217. 2005 South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Juman, R. A. 2005. The structure and productivity of the Thalassia testudinum community in Bon Accord Lagoon, Tobago. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:219-227. 2005 South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Kawase, H. 2005. Spawning behavior of the pygmy leatherjacket Brachaluteres jacksonianus (Monacanthidae) in southeastern Australia. Ichthyological Research 52:194-197. 2005 Australia; Japan Algae; Seagrasses
Keller, B. D. 2005. On evaluating ecological effects of a major oil spill on the caribbean coast of Panama. Page 5867 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Lab Study; Model Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Kendrick, G. A., N. Marba, and C. M. Duarte. 2005. Modelling formation of complex topography by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 65:717-725. 2005 Model; Index or Indicator Seagrasses; Sediment
Khalaf, M. and M. P. Crosby. 2005. Assemblage structure of butterflyfishes and their use as indicators of Gulf of Aqaba benthic habitat in Jordan. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15. 2005 Saudi Arabia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Krupp, F. and O. Khushaim. 2005. The establishment of a marine wildlife sanctuary following the 1991 gulf war oil spill. Page 2611 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Saudi Arabia; Europe Mangroves; Marine Birds; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
LeGore, R. S., M. P. Hardin, and D. Ter-Ghazaryan. 2005. Organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:145-153. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2005. Extraordinary mound building Avrainvillea (Chlorophyta): The largest tropical marine plants. Coral Reefs 24:555. 2005 Seagrasses
Marsh, H., G. De'ath, N. Gribble, and B. Lane. 2005. Historical marine population estimates: Triggers or targets for conservation? The dugong case study. Ecological Applications 15:481-492. 2005 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Marine Vertebrates; Seagrasses
McMahon, K., S. B. Nash, G. Eaglesham, J. F. Muller, N. C. Duke, and S. Winderlich. 2005. Herbicide contamination and the potential impact to seagrass meadows in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:325-334. 2005 Australia Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mellors, J., M. Waycott, and H. Marsh. 2005. Variation in biogeochemical parameters across intertidal seagrass meadows in the central Great Barrier Reef region. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:335-342. 2005 Global; Australia Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges
Mishra, D. R., S. Narumalani, D. Rundquist, and M. Lawson. 2005. High-resolution ocean color remote sensing of benthic habitats: A case study at the Roatan Island, Honduras. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43:1592-1603. 2005 Honduras Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nakamura, Y. and M. Sano. 2005. Comparison of invertebrate abundance in a seagrass bed and adjacent coral and sand areas at Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan. Fisheries Science 71:543-550. 2005 Japan Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Nash, S. M. B., K. McMahon, G. Eaglesham, and J. F. Muller. 2005. Application of a novel phytotoxicity assay for the detection of herbicides in Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Straits. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:351-360. 2005 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nero, V. L. and K. S. Sealey. 2005. Characterization of tropical near-shore fish communities by coastal habitat status on spatially complex island systems. Environmental Biology of Fishes 73:437-444. 2005 Bahamas Index or Indicator Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Parsons-Hubbard, K. 2005. Molluscan taphofacies in recent carbonate reef/lagoon systems and their application to sub-fossil samples from reef cores. Palaios 20:175-191. 2005 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator Seagrasses; Sediment
Paul, V. J., R. W. Thacker, K. Banks, and S. Golubic. 2005. Benthic cyanobacterial bloom impacts the reefs of South Florida (Broward County, USA). Coral Reefs 24:693-697. 2005 Florida Cyanobacteria; Invertebrates; Microorganisms; Octocoral; Seagrasses
Perry, C. T. and S. J. Beavington-Penney. 2005. Epiphytic calcium carbonate production and facies development within sub-tropical seagrass beds, Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Sedimentary Geology 174:161-176. 2005 Mozambique Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Phinn, S. R., A. G. Dekker, V. E. Brando, and C. M. Roelfsema. 2005. Mapping water quality and substrate cover in optically complex coastal and reef waters: An integrated approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:459-469. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Substrate
Ralph, P. J. and R. Gademann. 2005. Rapid light curves: A powerful tool to assess photosynthetic activity. Aquatic Botany 82:222-237. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Primary Production; Seagrasses
Roos, D., D. Pelletier, S. Ciccione, M. Taquet, and G. Hughes. 2005. Aerial and snorkelling census techniques for estimating green turtle abundance on foraging areas: A pilot study in Mayotte Island (Indian Ocean). Aquatic Living Resource 18:193-198. 2005 Indian Ocean; Mayotte; India Field Study & Monitoring Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Schaffelke, B., J. Mellors, and N. C. Duke. 2005. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: Responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:279-296. 2005 Australia Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Schweizer, D., R. A. Armstrong, and J. Posada. 2005. Remote sensing characterization of benthic habitats and submerged vegetation biomass in Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26:2657-2667. 2005 Venezuela Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Seagrasses
Sheppard, C. and R. Rioja-Nieto. 2005. Sea surface temperature 1871-2099 in 38 cells in the Caribbean region. Marine Environmental Research 60:389-396. 2005 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean Model Climate; Seagrasses
Sheppard, C., D. J. Dixon, M. Gourlay, A. Sheppard, and R. Payet. 2005. Coral mortality increases wave energy reaching shores protected by reef flats: Examples from the Seychelles. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 64:223-234. 2005 Seychelles Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stevens, T. and R. M. Connolly. 2005. Local-scale mapping of benthic habitats to assess representation in a marine protected area. Marine and Freshwater Research 56:111-123. 2005 Australia GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Substrate
Thomsen, M. S. and K. McGlathery. 2005. Facilitation of macroalgae by the sedimentary tube forming polychaete Diopatra cuprea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 62:63-73. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Thorhaug, A., F. McDonald, J. McFarlane, B. Carby, M. Anderson, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and P. Gayle. 2005. Dispersed oil effects on tropical habitats: Preliminary laboratory results of dispersed oil testing on Jamaica coralsand seagrass. Page 1988 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Jamaica Lab Study; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Thorhaug, A., G. Sidrak, K. Aiken, W. Walker, H. J. Teas, F. McDonald, B. Carby, R. Reese, M. Anderson, M. Rodriquez, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and J. McFarlane. 2005. Dispersant use for tropical nearshore waters: Jamaica. Page 1968 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean; Europe Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Tomasko, D. A., C. A. Corbett, H. S. Greening, and G. E. Raulerson. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:797-805. 2005 Florida Nutrients; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge
Vanderklift, M. A. and G. A. Kendrick. 2005. Contrasting influence of sea urchins on attached and drift macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 299:101-110. 2005 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Vincent, A. C. J., K. L. Evans, and A. D. Marsden. 2005. Home range behaviour of the monogamous Australian seahorse, Hippocampus whitei. Environmental Biology of Fishes 72:12-Jan. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Seagrasses
Ward, G. A., B. Baca, W. Cyriacks, R. E. Dodge, and A. Knap. 2005. Continuing long-term studies of the tropics Panama oil and dispersed oil spill sites. Pages 9644-9652 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment
Waycott, M., B. J. Longstaff, and J. Mellors. 2005. Seagrass population dynamics and water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: A review and future research directions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:343-350. 2005 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Toxics
Weil, E., J. L. Torres, and M. Ashton. 2005. Population characteristics of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum in La Parguera, Puerto Rico, 17 years after the mass mortality event. Revista de biología tropical 219-231. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Wilson, S. K., S. Street, and T. Sato. 2005. Discarded queen conch (Strombus gigas) shells as shelter sites for fish. Marine Biology 147:179-188. 2005 South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Adams, A. J. and J. P. Ebersole. 2004. Processes influencing recruitment inferred from distributions of coral reef fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:153-174. 2004 US Virgin Islands Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Andrefouet, S., M. Zubia, and C. Payri. 2004. Mapping and biomass estimation of the invasive brown algae Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh and Sargassum mangarevense (Grunow) Setchell on heterogeneous Tahitian coral reefs using 4-meter resolution IKONOS satellite data. Coral Reefs 23:26-38. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seagrasses
Beck, M. W., T. D. Marsh, S. E. Reisewitz, and M. L. Bortman. 2004. New tools for marine conservation: The leasing and ownership of submerged lands. Conservation Biology 18:1214-1223. 2004 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Bivalves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Boyer, K. E., P. Fong, A. R. Armitage, and R. A. Cohen. 2004. Elevated nutrient content of tropical macroalgae increases rates of herbivory in coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitats. Coral Reefs 23:530-538. 2004 Honduras Algae; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Brock, R. J. and B. F. Culhane. 2004. The no-take research natural area of Dry Tortugas National Park (Florida): Wishful thinking or responsible planning? Pages 67-74 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Chaloupka, M., C. Limpus, and J. Miller. 2004. Green turtle somatic growth dynamics in a spatially disjunct Great Barrier Reef metapopulation. Coral Reefs 23:325-335. 2004 Australia Model; Rate functions Algae; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Chittaro, P. M. 2004. Fish-habitat associations across multiple spatial scales. Coral Reefs 23:235-244. 2004 US Virgin Islands Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Cocheret De La Moriniere, E., I. Nagelkerken, H. Van Der Meij, and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. What attracts juvenile coral reef fish to mangroves: Habitat complexity or shade? Marine Biology 144:139-145. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dorenbosch, M., M. C. Van Riel, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. The relationship of reef fish densities to the proximity of mangrove and seagrass nurseries. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 60:37-48. 2004 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Dorenbosch, M., M. C. Verweij, I. Nagelkerken, N. Jiddawi, and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. Homing and daytime tidal movements of juvenile snappers (Lutjanidae) between shallow-water nursery habitats in Zanzibar, western Indian Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes 70:203-209. 2004 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Eggleston, D. B., C. P. Dahlgren, and E. G. Johnson. 2004. Fish density, diversity, and size-structure within multiple back reef habitats of key west national wildlife refuge. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:175-204. 2004 GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Fernandez, C. and J. J. Alvarado. 2004. The coral reef of Punta Cocles, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica [El arrecife coralino de Punta Cocles, costa Caribe de Costa Rica]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 52:121-129. 2004 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Foster, S. J. and A. C. J. Vincent. 2004. Life history and ecology of seahorses: Implications for conservation and management. Journal of Fish Biology 65:Jan-61. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Seagrasses
Fourqurean, J. W. and L. M. Rutten. 2004. The impact of Hurricane Georges on soft-bottom, back reef communities: site- and species-specific effects in south Florida seagrass beds. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:239-257. 2004 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Gardinali, P. R., M. D. Plasencia, and C. Maxey. 2004. Occurrence and transport of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite in coastal waters from South Florida. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49:1072-1083. 2004 Florida Model Algae; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Glazer, R. A. and J. A. Kidney. 2004. Habitat associations of adult queen conch (Strombus gigas L.) in an unfished florida keys back reef: Applications to essential fish habitat. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:205-224. 2004 Florida Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch
Gochfeld, D. J. 2004. Predation-induced morphological and behavioral defenses in a hard coral: Implications for foraging behavior of coral-feeding butterflyfishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 267:145-158. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Halpern, B. S. 2004. Are mangroves a limiting resource for two coral reef fishes? Marine Ecology Progress Series 272:93-98. 2004 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Hesp, S. A., N. G. Hall, and I. C. Potter. 2004. Size-related movements of Rhabdosargus sarba in three different environments and their influence on estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Marine Biology 144:449-462. 2004 Australia Model Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Karpouzli, E., T. J. Malthus, and C. J. Place. 2004. Hyperspectral discrimination of coral reef benthic communities in the western Caribbean. Coral Reefs 23:141-151. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Remote Sensing Algae; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sediment
Kaunda-Arara, B. and G. A. Rose. 2004. Effects of marine reef National Parks on fishery CPUE in coastal Kenya. Biological Conservation 118:13-Jan. 2004 Kenya Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Kendall, M. S., J. D. Christensen, C. Caldow, M. Coyne, C. Jeffrey, M. E. Monaco, W. Morrison, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2004. The influence of bottom type and shelf position on biodiversity of tropical fish inside a recently enlarged marine reserve. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 14:113-132. 2004 US Virgin Islands Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Seagrasses
Kendall, M. S., T. Battista, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2004. Long term expansion of a deep Syringodium filiforme meadow in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands: The potential role of hurricanes in the dispersal of seeds. Aquatic Botany 78:15-25. 2004 US Virgin Islands Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Kieckbusch, D. K., M. S. Koch, J. E. Serafy, and W. T. Anderson. 2004. Trophic linkages among primary producers and consumers in fringing mangroves of subtropical lagoons. Bulletin of Marine Science 74:271-285. 2004 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Caribbean Algae; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, and W. R. Matzie. 2004. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef communities in the Lower Florida Keys: Discrimination of local versus regional nitrogen sources. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:23-58. 2004 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Layman, C. A., D. A. Arrington, R. B. Langerhans, and B. R. Silliman. 2004. Degree of fragmentation affects fish assemblage structure in Andros Island (Bahamas) estuaries. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:232-244. 2004 Bahamas Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lee, T. W., M. Radzuan b Yusof, BO NI Rosli b, and S. A. Rahman. 2004. Protecting shallow water environment through re-injecting drilling wastes down hole: A proactive management decision. Pages 855-861 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 2004 Bahrain Discharges; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Seagrasses
Leis, J. M. and A. C. Hay. 2004. Larval development of Achoerodus viridis (Pisces: Labridae), the Australian eastern blue groper. Ichthyological Research 51:46-51. 2004 Australia Fish; Seagrasses
Lord-Boring, C., I. J. Zelo, and Z. J. Nixon. 2004. Abandoned vessels: Impacts to coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves in the US Caribbean and pacific territories with implications for removal. Marine Technology Society Journal 38:26-28. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Security Policies; Storms & Hurricanes
Mateo, I. and W. J. Tobias. 2004. Survey of nearshore fish communities on tropical backreef lagoons on the southeastern coast of St. Croix. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:327-342. 2004 US Virgin Islands Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
McClanahan, T. R. and S. C. Mangi. 2004. Gear-based management of a tropical artisanal fishery based on species selectivity and capture size. Fisheries Management and Ecology 11:51-60. 2004 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Mishra, D., S. Narumalani, M. Lawson, and D. Rundquist. 2004. Bathymetric mapping using IKONOS multispectral data. GIScience and Remote Sensing 41:301-321. 2004 Honduras Model; GIS & Maps Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mumby, P. J., A. J. Edwards, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, K. C. Lindeman, P. G. Blackwell, A. Gall, M. I. Gorczynska, A. R. Harborne, C. L. Pescod., H. Renken, C. C. C. Wabnitz, and G. Llewenyn. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427:533-536. 2004 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Munoz, R. C. and R. R. Warner. 2004. Testing a new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: Sperm competition and size-skew effects in the bucktooth parrotfish, Sparisoma radians. Behavioral Ecology 15:129-136. 2004 US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Model Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I. and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. A comparison of fish communities of subtidal seagrass beds and sandy seabeds in 13 marine embayments of a Caribbean island, based on species, families, size distribution and functional groups. Journal of Sea Research 52:127-147. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I. and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. Are Caribbean mangroves important feeding grounds for juvenile reef fish from adjacent seagrass beds? Marine Ecology Progress Series 274:143-151. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Antilles; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I. and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. Relative importance of interlinked mangroves and seagrass beds as feeding habitats for juvenile reef fish on a Caribbean island. Marine Ecology Progress Series 274:153-159. 2004 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nakamura, Y. and M. Sano. 2004. Comparison between community structures of fishes in Enhalus acoroides- and Thalassia hemprichii-dominated seagrass beds on fringing coral reefs in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Ichthyological Research 51:38-45. 2004 Japan Fish; Seagrasses
Nakamura, Y. and M. Sano. 2004. Is there really lower predation risk for juvenile fishes in a seagrass bed compared with an adjacent coral area? Bulletin of Marine Science 74:477-482. 2004 Seagrasses
Nakamura, Y. and M. Sano. 2004. Overlaps in habitat use of fishes between a seagrass bed and adjacent coral and sand areas at Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, Japan: Importance of the seagrass bed as juvenile habitat. Fisheries Science 70:788-803. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Pocsidio, G. N. and L. M. Dimaano. 2004. The population densities of potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates in Lingsat Reef, La Union Province, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 87:148-159. 2004 Philippines Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Sealey, K. S. 2004. Large-scale ecological impacts of development on tropical islands systems: Comparison of developed and undeveloped islands in the central Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:295-320. 2004 Bahamas Algae; Coastal Development; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Stabenau, E. R., R. G. Zepp, E. Bartels, and R. G. Zika. 2004. Role of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in coastal south Florida. Marine Ecology Progress Series 282:59-72. 2004 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Seagrasses
Sterrer, W. 2004. Gnathostomulida from the Twin Cays, Belize, mangrove community. Atoll Research Bulletin 3-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Van Elven, B. R., P. S. Lavery, and G. A. Kendrick. 2004. Reefs as contributors to diversity of epiphytic macroalgae assemblages in seagrass meadows. Marine Ecology Progress Series 276:71-83. 2004 Australia Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses
Vermaat, J. E., R. N. Rollon, C. D. A. Lacap, C. Billot, F. Alberto, H. M. E. Nacorda, F. Wiegman, and J. Terrados. 2004. Meadow fragmentation and reproductive output of the SE Asian seagrass Enhalus acoroides. Journal of Sea Research 52:321-328. 2004 Philippines Seagrasses
Ward, J. R. and K. D. Lafferty. 2004. The elusive baseline of marine disease: Are diseases in ocean ecosystems increasing? PLoS Biology 2. 2004 Apex Fish Predators; Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Ackleson, S. G. 2003. Light in shallow waters: A brief research review. Limnology and Oceanography 48:323-328. 2003 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Seagrasses
Acosta, C. A. and D. N. Robertson. 2003. Comparative spatial ecology of fished spiny lobsters Panulirus argus and an unfished congener P. guttatus in an isolated marine reserve at Glover's Reef atoll, Belize. Coral Reefs 22:9-Jan. 2003 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Aladro-Lubel, MA .A . and MA .E . Martinez-Murillo. 2003. Metacystis borrori n. sp. (Ciliophora: Metacystidae) on the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 50:204-209. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Salinity; Seagrasses; Substrate
Andrefouet, S., P. Kramer, D. Torres-Pulliza, K. E. Joyce, E. J. Hochberg, R. Garza-Perez, P. J. Mumby, B. Riegl, H. Yamano, W. H. White, M. Zubia, J. C. Brock, S. R. Phinn, A. Naseer, B. G. Hatcher, and F. E. Muller-Karger. 2003. Multi-site evaluation of IKONOS data for classification of tropical coral reef environments. Remote Sensing of Environment 88:128-143. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment
Asch, R. G. and D. D. Turgeon. 2003. Detection of gaps in the spatial coverage of coral reef monitoring projects in the US Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:127-140. 2003 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Haiti; Jamaica; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Baker, J. L. and K. S. Edyvane. 2003. Subtidal macrofloral survey of St Francis and Fenelon Islands, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 127:177-187. 2003 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Bayle Sempere, J. T. and A. A. Ramos Espla. 2003. Effectiveness assessment of an artificial reef off Tabarca Island (Alicante, southeastern Iberian Peninsula) [Evaluacion de la efectividad del arrecife artificial de Tabarca (Alicante) (sureste de la peninsula Iberica)]. Boletin - Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia 19:183-197. 2003 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Bouvet, G., J. Ferraris, and S. Andrefouet. 2003. Evaluation of large-scale unsupervised classification of New Caledonia reef ecosystems using Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery. Oceanologica Acta 26:281-290. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Seagrasses
Briones-Fourzan, P., V. Castaneda-Fernandez De Lara, E. Lozano-Alvarez, and J. Estrada-Olivo. 2003. Feeding ecology of the three juvenile phases of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus in a tropical reef lagoon. Marine Biology 142:855-865. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Burrage, D. M., M. L. Heron, J. M. Hacker, J. L. Miller, T. C. Stieglitz, C. R. Steinberg, and A. Prytz. 2003. Structure and influence of tropical river plumes in the Great Barrier Reef: Application and performance of an airborne sea surface salinity mapping system. Remote Sensing of Environment 85:204-220. 2003 Australia GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Call, K. A., J. T. Hardy, and D. O. Wallin. 2003. Coral reef habitat discrimination using multivariate spectral analysis and satellite remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing 24:2627-2639. 2003 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses; Substrate
Christensen, J. D., C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, M. E. Monaco, M. S. Kendall, and R. S. Appeldoorn. 2003. Cross-shelf habitat utilization patterns of reef fishes in southwestern Puerto Rico. Gulf and Caribbean Research 14:9-27. 2003 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Cocheret De La Moriniere, E., B. J. A. Pollux, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2003. Diet shifts of Caribbean grunts (Haemulidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae) and the relation with nursery-to-coral reef migrations. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:1079-1089. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Cocheret de la Moriniere, E., B. J. A. Pollux, I. Nagelkerken, M. A. Hemminga, A. H. L. Huiskes, and G. Van der Velde. 2003. Ontogenetic dietary changes of coral reef fishes in the mangrove-seagrass-reef continuum: Stable isotopes and gut-content analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 246:279-289. 2003 Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Daby, D. 2003. Some quantitative aspects of seagrass ecology in a coastal lagoon of Mauritius. Marine Biology 142:193-203. 2003 Mauritius GIS & Maps Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Dance, S. K., I. Lane, and J. D. Bell. 2003. Variation in short-term survival of cultured sandfish (Holothuria scabra) released in mangrove-seagrass and coral reef flat habitats in Solomon Islands. Aquaculture 220:495-505. 2003 Solomon Islands Echinoderms; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
De Paula, A. F., M. A. D. O. Figueiredo, and J. C. Creed. 2003. Structure of the macroalgal community associated with the seagrass Halodule wrightii Ascherson in the Abrolhos Marine National Park, Brazil. Botanica Marina 46:413-424. 2003 Cuba Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Desai, V. V., D. S. Komarpant, and T. G. Jagtap. 2003. Distribution and diversity of marine flora in coral reef ecosystems of Kadmat Island in Lakshadweep archipelago, Arabian Sea, India. Atoll Research Bulletin 14-Jan. 2003 India Algae; Plankton; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Dierssen, H. M., R. C. Zimmerman, R. A. Leathers, T. V. Downes, and C. O. Davis. 2003. Ocean color remote sensing of seagrass and bathymetry in the Bahamas Banks by high-resolution airborne imagery. Limnology and Oceanography 48:444-455. 2003 Bahamas Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Fourqurean, J. W., J. N. Boyer, M. J. Durako, L. N. Hefty, and B. J. Peterson. 2003. Forecasting response of seagrass distributions to changing water quality using monitoring data. Ecological Applications 13:474-489. 2003 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Grenz, C., L. Denis, G. Boucher, L. Chauvaud, J. Clavier, R. Fichez, and O. Pringault. 2003. Spatial variability in Sediment Oxygen Consumption under winter conditions in a lagoonal system in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 33-47. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Cuba; New Caledonia Lab Study Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Hochberg, E. J., M. J. Atkinson, and S. Andrefouet. 2003. Spectral reflectance of coral reef bottom-types worldwide and implications for coral reef remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 85:159-173. 2003 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Substrate; Turf Algae
Hochberg, E. J., S. Andrefouet, and M. R. Tyler. 2003. Sea surface correction of high spatial resolution ikonos images to improve bottom mapping in near-shore environments. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41:1724-1729. 2003 Bahamas GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Substrate
Jaap, W. C., J. W. Porter, J. Wheaton, C. R. Beaver, K. Hackett, M. Lybolt, M. K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Kupfner, C. Torres, and K. Sutherland. 2003. EPA/NOAA coral reef evaluation and monitoring project 2002 executive summary, July 2003. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2003 Global; Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Algae; Boring Sponges; Complex Habitat & Resources; Octocoral; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Keegan, W. F., R. W. Portell, and J. Slapcinsky. 2003. Changes in invertebrate taxa at two-pre-Columbian sites in southwestern Jamaica, AD 800-1500. Journal of Archaeological Science 30:1607-1617. 2003 South & Central America; Jamaica; Columbia; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Invertebrates; Mangroves; Molluscs; Salinity; Seagrasses; Substrate
Keller, B.D. and S. Donahue. 2003. 2002-03 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary science report: an ecosystem report card after five years of marine zoning. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP-06-12. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, MD. 2003 Florida Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Monetary Valuation; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Lemmens, S. 2003. Periphyton collectors as a tool to measure environmental performance of ocean outlets. Water Science and Technology 47:125-131. 2003 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Wastewater Discharge
Lindley, I. D. 2003. Echinoids of the Kairuku Formation (Lower Pliocene), Yule Island, Papua New Guinea: Regularia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 124:137-151. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea; Java Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Linton, D. M. and G. F. Warner. 2003. Biological indicators in the Caribbean coastal zone and their role in integrated coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:261-276. 2003 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Index or Indicator Climate; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Mitigation; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Louchard, E. M., R. P. Reid, F. C. Stephens, C. O. Davis, R. A. Leathers, and T. V. Downes. 2003. Optical remote sensing of benthic habitats and bathymetry in coastal environments at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas: A comparative spectral classification approach. Limnology and Oceanography 48:511-521. 2003 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Light; Seagrasses; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mamboya, F. A., H. B. Pratap, and M. Bjork. 2003. Heavy metal contamination in the Western Indian Ocean (a review). Page 1437 in Journal De Physique. IV : JP. 2003 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mauritius; Reunion; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
McDermid, K. J., M. C. Gregoritza, J. W. Reeves, and D. W. Freshwater. 2003. Morphological and genetic variation in the endemic seagrass Halophila hawaiiana (Hydrocharitaceae) in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Pacific Science 57:199-209. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Seagrasses
Moberg, F. and P. Ronnback. 2003. Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: Interactions, substitutions and restoration. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:27-46. 2003 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Monaco, M. E., J. D. Christensen, A. M. Friedlander, M. S. Kendall, and C. Caldow. 2003. Quantifying Habitat Utilization Patterns Of U.S. Caribbean And Hawaii Reef Fish To Define Marine Protected Area Boundaries: The Coupling Of Gis & Ecology. Pages 1-6 in 13th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference. Baltimore,(Maryland, USA). 2003 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Munoz, R. C. and R. R. Warner. 2003. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: Incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. American Naturalist 161:749-761. 2003 Model Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, T. Nakai, and M. Sano. 2003. Food habits of fishes in a seagrass bed on a fringing coral reef at Iriomote Island, southern Japan. Ichthyological Research 50:15-22. 2003 Japan Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Molluscs; Plankton; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Randall, J. E. and P. S. Lobel. 2003. Halichoeres socialis: A new labrid fish from Belize. Copeia 124-130. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Rollon, R. N., E. D. De Ruyter Van Steveninck, and W. Van Vierssen. 2003. Spatio-temporal variation in sexual reproduction of the tropical seagrass Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle in Cape Bolinao, NW Philippines. Aquatic Botany 76:339-354. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines Light; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sadovy, Y., M. Kulbicki, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, P. Lokani, and T. J. Donaldson. 2003. The humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus: Synopsis of a threatened and poorly known giant coral reef fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 13:327-364. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Live Collection; Non-Monetary Valuation; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Schils, T. and E. Coppejans. 2003. Spatial variation in subtidal plant communities around the Socotra Archipelago and their biogeographic affinities within the Indian Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 251:103-114. 2003 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Seagrasses
Shepherd, S. A. and J. B. Brook. 2003. Encounter 2002 expedition to the Isles of St Francis, South Australia: Reef fishes. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 127:269-279. 2003 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Sheridan, P. and C. Hays. 2003. Are mangroves nursery habitat for transient fishes and decapods? Wetlands 23:449-458. 2003 Review Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Talbot, L. M., S. M. Turton, and A. W. Graham. 2003. Trampling resistance of tropical rainforest soils and vegetation in the wet tropics of north east Australia. Journal of Environmental Management 69:63-69. 2003 Australia Littering; Seagrasses; Trampling
Valesini, F. J., K. R. Clarke, I. Eliot, and I. C. Potter. 2003. A user-friendly quantitative approach to classifying nearshore marine habitats along a heterogeneous coast. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:163-177. 2003 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Plankton; Seagrasses
Vazquez-Dominguez, E. 2003. Diversity and distribution of crustaceans and echinoderms and their relation with sedimentation levels in coral reefs [Diversidad y distribucion de crustaceos y equinodermos y su relacion con niveles de sedimentacion en arrecifes coralinos]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:183-193. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Echinoderms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Sponges
Versteegh, E. 2003. Migrations in tropical reef fish. 2003 Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Wantiez, L. and C. Chauvet. 2003. First data on community structure and trophic networks of Uvea coral reef fish assemblages (Wallis and Futuna, South Pacific Ocean). Cybium 27:83-100. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Algae; Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Watson, J. E. 2003. Encounter 2002 expedition to the Isles of St Francis, South Australia: Annotated list of shallow water Hydroids with description of a new species of Campanularia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 127:243-263. 2003 Australia Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Substrate
Wilson, G., A. R. G. Price, T. Huntington, and S. C. Wilson. 2003. Environmental status of Yemen's Gulf of Aden coast determined from rapid field assessment and satellite imagery. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 6:119-129. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses
Yamamuro, M., H. Kayanne, H. Yamano. 2003. N of seagrass leaves for monitoring anthropogenic nutrient increases in coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:452-458. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Zepp, R. G. 2003. UV exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Light; Littering; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Zooxanthellae
Adams, A. J. and J. P. Ebersole. 2002. Use of back-reef and lagoon habitats by coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 228:213-226. 2002 US Virgin Islands Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Alevizon, W. 2002. Enhanced seagrass growth and fish aggregations around Bahamian patch reefs: The case for a functional connection. Bulletin of Marine Science 70:957-966. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Annis, E. R. and C. B. Cook. 2002. Alkaline phosphatase activity in symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) as a biological indicator of environmental phosphate exposure. Marine Ecology Progress Series 245:20-Nov. 2002 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Barker, D. R. 2002. Biodiversity conservation in the wider Caribbean Region. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 11:74-83. 2002 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Bell, J. J. and D. K. A. Barnes. 2002. Modelling sponge species diversity using a morphological predictor: A tropical test of a temperate model. Journal for Nature Conservation 10:41-50. 2002 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring; Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Bhosale, S. H., V. L. Nagle, and T. G. Jagtap. 2002. Antifouling potential of some marine organisms from India against species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas. Marine Biotechnology 4:111-118. 2002 India Algae; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Sponges
Bullard, S. G. and M. E. Hay. 2002. Plankton tethering to assess spatial patterns of predation risk over a coral reef and seagrass bed. Marine Ecology Progress Series 225:17-28. 2002 Columbia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Planktivorous Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses
Carruthers, T. J. B., W. C. Dennison, B. J. Longstaff, M. Waycott, E. G. Abal, L. J. McKenzie, and W. J. Lee Long. 2002. Seagrass habitats of northeast Australia: Models of key processes and controls. Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1153-1169. 2002 Australia Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cebrian, J. 2002. Variability and control of carbon consumption, export, and accumulation in marine communities. Limnology and Oceanography 47:22-Nov. 2002 Mangroves; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Cocheret De La Moriniere, E., B. J. A. Pollux, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2002. Post-settlement life cycle migration patterns and habitat preference of coral reef fish that use seagrass and mangrove habitats as nurseries. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 55:309-321. 2002 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Connolly, R. M., A. J. Melville, and K. M. Preston. 2002. Patterns of movement and habitat use by leafy seadragons tracked ultrasonically. Journal of Fish Biology 61:684-695. 2002 Australia Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Cuevas-Jimenez, A., P.-L. Ardisson, and A. R. Condal. 2002. Mapping of shallow coral reefs by colour aerial photography. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23:3697-3712. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Dahdouh-Guebas, F. 2002. The use of remote sensing and GIS in the sustainable management of tropical coastal ecosystems. Environment, Development and Sustainability 4:93-112. 2002 Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses
Durako, M. J. and J. I. Kunzelman. 2002. Photosynthetic characteristics of Thalassia testudinum measured in situ by pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry: methodological and scale-based considerations. Aquatic Botany 73:173-185. 2002 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Fourqurean, J.W., J.C. Zieman. 2002. Nutrient Content of the Seagrass Thalassia Testudinum Reveals Regional Patterns of Relative Availability of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Florida Keys USA. Biogeochemistry 61:229-245. 2002 Florida Nutrients; Seagrasses
Fowler, A. J., G. K. Jones, and R. McGarvey. 2002. Characteristics and consequences of movement patterns of King George whiting (Perciformes:Sillaginodes punctata) in South Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:1055-1069. 2002 Australia Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Froede Jr, C. R. 2002. Rhizolith evidence in support of a late Holocene sea-level highstand at least 0.5 m higher than present at Key Biscayne, Florida. Geology 30:203-206. 2002 Florida Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gullstrom, M., M. De La Torre Castro, S. O. Bandeira, M. Bjork, M. Dahlberg, N. Kautsky, P. Ronnback, and M. C. Ohman. 2002. Seagrass ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean. Ambio 31:588-596. 2002 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius; Reunion; India; South Africa; France Review; Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Guzman, H. M. and C. A. Guevara. 2002. Annual reproductive cycle, spatial distribution, abundance, and size structure of Oreaster reticulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Marine Biology 141:1077-1084. 2002 Panama Index or Indicator Aquarium & Pet Trade; Echinoderms; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Souvenir & Decorative Trade
Holbrook, S. J., D. C. Reed, and J. S. Bull. 2002. Survival experiments with outplanted seedlings of surfgrass (Phyllospadix torreyi) to enhance establishment on artificial structures. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Lab Study Algae; Artificial Habitat; Seagrasses; Substrate
Hubmann, B., W. E. Piller, and B. Riegl. 2002. Functional morphology of coral shape and passive hydrodynamic self-righting in recent Manicina areolata. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 82:125-130. 2002 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Jensen, A. 2002. Artificial reefs of Europe: Perspective and future. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Oman; Europe; Spain; Poland; France; Norway; United Kingdom Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Kaiser, M. J., J. S. Collie, S. J. Hall, S. Jennings, and I. R. Poiner. 2002. Modification of marine habitats by trawling activities: Prognosis and solutions. Fish and Fisheries 3:114-136. 2002 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Kamermans, P., M. A. Hemminga, J. F. Tack, M. A. Mateo, N. Marba, M. Mtolera, J. Stapel, A. Verheyden, and T. Van Daele. 2002. Groundwater effects on diversity and abundance of lagoonal seagrasses in Kenya and on Zanzibar Island (East Africa). Marine Ecology Progress Series 231:75-83. 2002 Kenya Model Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kamp-Nielsen, L., J. E. Vermaat, I. Wesseling, J. Borum, and O. Geertz-Hansen. 2002. Sediment properties along gradients of siltation in south-east Asia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 54:127-138. 2002 Thailand; China; Philippines Index or Indicator Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Khalaf, M. A. and M. Kochzius. 2002. Changes in trophic community structure of shore fishes at an industrial site in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 239:287-299. 2002 Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Khalaf, M. A. and M. Kochzius. 2002. Community structure and biogeography of shore fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 55:252-284. 2002 Indian Ocean; India Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Kirkman, H. and J. A. Kirkman. 2002. The management of seagrasses in Southeast Asia. Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1379-1390. 2002 Global; Southeast Asia Review; GIS & Maps Mangroves; Seagrasses
Lacap, C. D. A., J. E. Vermaat, R. N. Rollon, and H. M. Nacorda. 2002. Propagule dispersal of the SE Asian seagrasses Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii. Marine Ecology Progress Series 235:75-80. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Invertebrates; Seagrasses; Sediment
Lovric, A.-Z. and M. Rac. 2002. Flora, phytocenoses, and algal phytonymes in islands Svetac, Brusnik and near bottoms of central Adriatic. Periodicum Biologorum 104:149-157. 2002 Europe Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Seagrasses
Maeder, J., S. Narumalani, D. C. Rundquist, R. L. Perk, J. Schalles, K. Hutchins, and J. Keck. 2002. Classifying and mapping general coral-reef structure using Ikonos data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 68:1297-1305. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Seagrasses
Mellors, J., H. Marsh, T. J. B. Carruthers, and M. Waycott. 2002. Testing the sediment-trapping paradigm of seagrass: Do seagrasses influence nutrient status and sediment structure in tropical intertidal environments? Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1215-1226. 2002 Australia Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Mohammed, S. M. 2002. Pollution management in Zanzibar: The need for a new approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:301-311. 2002 Discharges; Mangroves; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Mumby, P. J. and A. J. Edwards. 2002. Mapping marine environments with IKONOS imagery: Enhanced spatial resolution can deliver greater thematic accuracy. Remote Sensing of Environment 82:248-257. 2002 Turks and Caicos Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Mwashote, B. M. and I. O. Jumba. 2002. Quantitative aspects of inorganic nutrient fluxes in the Gazi Bay (Kenya): Implications for coastal ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1194-1205. 2002 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nagelkerken, I. and G. Van Der Velde. 2002. Do non-estuarine mangroves harbour higher densities of juvenile fish than adjacent shallow-water and coral reef habitats in Curacao (Netherlands Antilles)? Marine Ecology Progress Series 245:191-204. 2002 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nagelkerken, I., C. M. Roberts, G. Van der Velde, M. Dorenbosch, M. C. Van Riel, E. Cocheret de la Moriniere, and P. H. Nienhuis. 2002. How important are mangroves and seagrass beds for coral-reef fish? The nursery hypothesis tested on an island scale. Marine Ecology Progress Series 244:299-305. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses
NOAA, USEPA, and the State of Florida. 2002. Sanctuary Monitoring Report 2000. 2002 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Rac, M. and A.-Z. Lovric. 2002. Benthic and xeric vegetation of remote islands Sušac and Kopišće, and of adjacent seafloors in southern Adriatic. Periodicum Biologorum 104:139-147. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Seagrasses
Rasser, M. W. and B. Riegl. 2002. Holocene coral reef rubble and its binding agents. Coral Reefs 21:57-72. 2002 Review Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coralline Algae; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes
Sanchez-Jerez, P., B. M. Gillanders, S. Rodriguez-Ruiz, and A. A. Ramos-Espla. 2002. Effect of an artificial reef in Posidonia meadows on fish assemblage and diet of Diplodus annularis. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Saraswati, P. K. 2002. Growth and habitat of some recent miliolid foraminifera: Palaeoecological implications. Current Science 82:81-84. 2002 Japan Algae; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Streelman, J. T., M. Alfaro, M. W. Westneat, D. R. Bellwood, and S. A. Karl. 2002. Evolutionary history of the parrotfishes: Biogeography, ecomorphology, and comparative diversity. Evolution 56:961-971. 2002 Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Underwood, G. J. C. 2002. Adaptations of tropical marine microphytobenthic assemblages along a gradient of light and nutrient availability in Suva Lagoon, Fiji. European Journal of Phycology 37:449-462. 2002 Fiji Climate; Light; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. 2002. Static life-table analysis and demography of the foliar shoots of the tropical seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1247-1256. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Seagrasses
Watson, M., J. L. Munro, and F. R. Gell. 2002. Settlement, movement and early juvenile mortality of the yellowtail snapper Ocyurus chrysurus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 237:247-256. 2002 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean Model Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Alcolado, P. M., G. Alleng, K. Bonair, D. Bone, K. Buchan, P. G. Bush, K. De Meyer, J. R. Garcia, J. Garzon-Ferreira, P. M. H. Gayle, D. T. Gerace, F. X. Geraldes, E. Jordan-Dahlgren, B. Kjferve, E. Klein, K. Koltes, R. S. Laydoo, D. M. Linton, J. C. Ogden, H. A. ***Oxenford, C. Parker, P. Penchaszadeh, L. P. P. J Pors, J. Ramirez-Ramirez, F. Ruiz-Renteria, J. D. Ryan, S. R. Smith, J. Tshirky, R. Varela, S. Walker, E. Weil, W. J. Wiebe, J. D. Woodley, and J. C. Zieman. 2001. The Caribbean coastal marine productivity program (CARICOMP). Bulletin of Marine Science 69:819-829. 2001 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Bingham, B. L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81-251. 2001 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Blanc, L., C. Aliaume, A. Zerbi, and G. Lasserre. 2001. Spatial and temporal co-structure analyses between ichthyofauna and environment: An example in the tropics. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie III 324:635-646. 2001 Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses
Briones-Fourzan, P. and E. Lozano-Alvarez. 2001. The importance of Lobophora variegata (Phaeophyta: Dictyotales) as a habitat for small juveniles of panulirus argus (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in a tropical reef lagoon. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:207-219. 2001 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Substrate
Brodie, J., C. Christie, M. Devlin, D. Haynes, S. Morris, M. Ramsay, J. Waterhouse, and H. Yorkston. 2001. Catchment management and the Great Barrier Reef. Water Science and Technology 43:203-211. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Caballero, J. A. and J. J. Schmitter-Soto. 2001. Diversity of fishes in small coral patches of the mexican caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:337-342. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Campbell, S. 2001. Ammonnium requirements of fast-growing ephemeral macroalgae in a nutrient-enriched marine embayment (Port Phillip Bay, Australia). Marine Ecology Progress Series 209:99-107. 2001 Australia Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses
CARICOMP. 2001. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP); a cooperative research and monitoring network of marine laboratories, parks, and reserves. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 2001 Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Chauvaud, S., C. Bouchon, and R. Maniere. 2001. Thematic mapping of tropical marine communities (coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves) using SPOT data in Guadeloupe Island [Cartographie des biocenoses marines de Guadeloupe à partir de donnees SPOT (recifs coralliens, phanerogames marines, mang. Oceanologica Acta 24. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Dahlgren, C. P. and D. B. Eggleston. 2001. Spatio-temporal variability in abundance, size and microhabitat associations of early juvenile Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus in an off-reef nursery system. Marine Ecology Progress Series 217:145-156. 2001 Bahamas Algae; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
De Grave, S. and D. K. A. Barnes. 2001. Ecology of tropical hermit crabs (Crustacea Decapoda) at Quirimba Island, Mozambique: A multivariate assemblage perspective. Tropical Zoology 14:197-209. 2001 Mozambique Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses
De la Fuente-Betancourt, MA .G ., A. De Jesus-Navarrete, E. Sosa-Cordero, and MA .D . Herrero-Perezrul. 2001. Assessment of the sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) as potential fishery resource in Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:59-67. 2001 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; Mexico Echinoderms; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Enriquez, S., N. Marba, C. M. Duarte, B. I. Van Tussenbroek, and G. Reyes-Zavala. 2001. Effects of seagrass Thalassia testudinum on sediment redox. Marine Ecology Progress Series 219:149-158. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Fonseca, M. S. 2001. Comparative analysis of the functioning of disturbed and undisturbed coral reef and seagrass ecosystems in the Tortugas: phase I- establishing a baseline. Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, North Carolina. 2001 Florida GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Plankton; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Glasby, T. M. and S. D. Connell. 2001. Orientation and position of substrata have large effects on epibiotic assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214:127-135. 2001 Model Algae; Artificial Habitat; Marine Worms; Seagrasses
Haley, M. P. and J. L. Solandt. 2001. Population fluctuations of the sea urchins Diadema antillarum and Tripneustes ventricosus at Discovery Bay, Jamaica: A case of biological succession? Caribbean Journal of Science 37:239-245. 2001 Jamaica Algae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Substrate
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Hudson, J. H. and W. B. Goodwin. 2001. Assessment of vessel grounding injury to coral reef and seagrass habitats in the Florida keys National Marine Sanctuary, Florida: Protocol and methods. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:509-516. 2001 Florida GIS & Maps Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Seagrasses; Substrate
Jackson, J. B. C. 2001. What was natural in the coastal oceans? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98:5411-5418. 2001 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sponges
Jackson, J. B. C. and E. Sala. 2001. Unnatural Oceans. Scientia Marina 65:273-281. 2001 Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Kamermans, P., M. A. Hemminga, N. Marba, M. A. Mateo, M. Mtolera, and J. Stapel. 2001. Leaf production, shoot demography, and flowering of Thalassodendron ciliatum along the east African coast. Aquatic Botany 70:243-258. 2001 Kenya Seagrasses
Kendall, M. S., M. E. Monaco, K. R. Buja, J. D. Christensen, C.R. Kruer, M. Finkbeiner, and R. A. Warner. 2001. Methods Used to Map the Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2001 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean GIS & Maps Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Kuo, J., T. Shibuno, Z. Kanamoto, and T. Noro. 2001. Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. from a submarine hot spring in southern Japan. Aquatic Botany 70:329-335. 2001 Japan Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Laboy-Nieves, E. N., E. Klein, J. E. Conde, F. Losada, J. J. Cruz, and D. Bone. 2001. Mass mortality of tropical marine communities in Morrocoy, Venezuela. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:163-179. 2001 Venezuela Algae; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sponges
Lin, M.-D., C. A. Chen, and L.-S. Fang. 2001. Distribution and sexual reproduction of a seagrass-bed-inhabiting actiniarian, Phymanthus strandesi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Phymanthidae), at Hsiao-Liuchiu Island, Taiwan. Zoological Studies 40:254-261. 2001 Taiwan Anemones & Zooanthids; Seagrasses
Mateo, I. and W. J. Tobias. 2001. Distribution of shallow water coral reef fishes on the Northeast coast of St. Croix, USVI. Caribbean Journal of Science 37:210-226. 2001 US Virgin Islands; Tonga Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Matsunaga, T., A. Hoyano, and Y. Mizukami. 2001. Monitoring of coral reefs on Ishigaki Island in Japan using multitemporal remote sensing data. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4154:212-222. 2001 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
McLachlan, M. S., D. Haynes, and J. F. Muller. 2001. PCDDs in the water/sediment-seagrass-dugong (Dugong dugon) food chain on the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Environmental Pollution 113:129-134. 2001 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins
Miyajima, T., M. Suzumura, Y. Umezawa, and I. Koike. 2001. Microbiological nitrogen transformation in carbonate sediments of a coral-reef lagoon and associated seagrass beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 217:273-286. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba Algae; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Morton, B. and G. Blackmore. 2001. South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1236-1263. 2001 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Thailand; Malaysia; China; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Taiwan Index or Indicator Climate; Housing; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I., G. Van Der Velde, and E. Cocheret De La Moriniere. 2001. Fish feeding guilds along a gradient of bay biotopes and coral reef depth zones. Aquatic Ecology 35:73-86. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nagelkerken, I., S. Kleijnen, T. Klop, R. A. C. J. Van Den Brand, E. Cocheret De La Moriniere, and G. Van Der Velde. 2001. Dependence of Caribbean reef fishes on mangroves and seagrass beds as nursery habitats: A comparison of fish faunas between bays with and without mangroves/seagrass beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214:225-235. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Obura, D. O. 2001. Kenya. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1264-1278. 2001 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
O'Hara, T. D. 2001. Consistency of faunal and floral assemblages within temperate subtidal rocky reef habitats. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:853-863. 2001 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Seagrasses
Pasqualini, V., C. Pergent-Martini, P. Clabaut, H. Marteel, and G. Pergent. 2001. Integration of aerial remote sensing photogrammetry, and GIS technologies in seagrass mapping. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 67:99-105. 2001 France Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Paulay, G. 2001. Benthic ecology and biota of Tarawa Atoll Lagoon: Influence of equatorial upwelling, circulation, and human harvest. Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-33. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Paynter, C. K., J. Cortes, and M. Engels. 2001. Biomass, productivity and density of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum at three sites in Cahuita National Park, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49:265-272. 2001 Costa Rica Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Riegl, B., J. L. Korrubel, and C. Martin. 2001. Mapping and monitoring of coral communities and their spatial patterns using a surface-based video method from a vessel. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:869-880. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Rogers, C. S. and J. Beets. 2001. Degradation of marine ecosystems and decline of fishery resources in marine protected areas in the US Virgin Islands. Environmental Conservation 28:312-322. 2001 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Review Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Seddon, S. and A. C. Cheshire. 2001. Photosynthetic response of Amphibolis antarctica and Posidonia australis to temperature and desiccation using chlorophyll fluorescence. Marine Ecology Progress Series 220:119-130. 2001 Australia Seagrasses
Sluka, R. D. and M. W. Miller. 2001. Herbivorous fish assemblages and herbivory pressure on Laamu Atoll, Republic of Maldives. Coral Reefs 20:255-262. 2001 Indian Ocean; Maldives; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Talbot, F. and C. Wilkinson. 2001. Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses: a sourcebook for managers. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville (Australia). 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Wheaton, J., W.C. Japp, J.W. Porter, V. Kosminyn, K. Hackett, M. Lybolt, M.K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Kupfner, C. Tsokos, G. Yanev. 2001. EPA/FKNMS Coral Reef Monitoring Project. 2001 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Agard, J. B. R. and J. F. Gobin. 2000. The Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 627-641. 2000 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Antilles; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Martinique; Venezuela; Guyana; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Deforestation & Devegetation; Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Whales & Dolphins
Carbone, F. and G. Accordi. 2000. The Indian Ocean Coast of Somalia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:141-159. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; India Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Davis, W. P., M. R. Davis, and D. A. Flemer. 2000. Observations on the Regrowth of Subaquatic Vegetation Following Transplantation: A Potential Method to Assess Environmental Health of Coastal Habitats. Pages 231-238 in M. J. Kennish, editor. Seagrasses: Monitoring, Ecology, Physiology, and Management. Marine Science Series. 2000 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
De Boer, W. F., L. Rydberg, and V. Saide. 2000. Tides, tidal currents and their effects on the intertidal ecosystem of the southern bay, Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Hydrobiologia 428:187-196. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; India Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Debrot, A. O. and J. Sybesma. 2000. The Dutch Antilles. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 595-614. 2000 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean GIS & Maps Coastal Development; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Dustan, P. 2000. Florida Keys. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 405-414. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Pipelines; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. 2000 Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gell, F. and M. Watson. 2000. UK overseas territories in the northeast Caribbean: Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 615-626. 2000 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean; United Kingdom Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Gladstone, W. 2000. The ecological and social basis for management of a Red Sea marine-protected area. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:1015-1032. 2000 Saudi Arabia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Guard, M., A. J. Mmochi, and C. Horrill. 2000. Tanzania. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 83-98. 2000 Tanzania Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Guidetti, P. 2000. Differences among fish assemblages associated with nearshore Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds, rocky-algal reefs and unvegetated sand habitats in the adriatic sea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 50:515-529. 2000 Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Gutierrez-Aguirre, M. A., M. G. De La Fuente-Betancourt, and A. Cervantes-Martinez. 2000. Biomasa y densidad de dos especies de pastos marinos en el sur de Quintana Roo, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 48:313-316. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Mangroves; Seagrasses
Haskell, B. D., V. R. Leeworthy, P. C. Wiley, T. M. Beuttler, M. R. Haflich, J. Delaney, B. L. Richards, and E. Franklin. 2000. Final supplemental environmental impact statement and final supplemental management plan for the Tortugas Ecological Reserve. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2000 Florida Algae; Fish; Marine Birds; Seagrasses; Sponges
Haynes, D., J. Muller, and S. Carter. 2000. Pesticide and herbicide residues in sediments and seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:279-287. 2000 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Seagrasses; Sediment
Hendler, G. and D. L. Pawson. 2000. Echinoderms of the rhomboidal Cays, Belize: Biodiversity, distribution, and ecology. Atoll Research Bulletin 275-299. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Seastars; Seawater Flow; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Hernandez-Delgado, E. A., L. Alicea-Rodriguez, C. G. Toledo, and A. M. Sabat. 2000. Baseline characterization of coral reefs and fish communities within the proposed Culebra Island Marine Fishery Reserve, Puerto Rico. Pages 537-555 in Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 2000 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Holden, HE AT HE R and EL LS WO RT H LeDrew. 2000. Multi- vs. hyperspectral characteristics of common coral reef features. Pages 819-821 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2000 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Seagrasses; Substrate
Huber, M. E. 2000. Torres Strait and the Gulf of Papua. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 593-610. 2000 Australia; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huber, M. E. and G. B. K. Baines. 2000. The Coral, Solomon and Bismarck Seas Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 425-446. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Mangroves; Molluscs; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Wetlands
Hungspreugs, M., W. Utoomprurkporn, and C. Nitithamyong. 2000. The Gulf of Thailand. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 297-308. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; China; Vietnam; Cambodia Discharges; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Salinity; Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ibrahim, Z. Z., A. Arshad, L. S. Chong, J. S. Bujang, L. A. Theem, N. M. R. Abdullah, and M. M. Marghany. 2000. East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 345-359. 2000 Malaysia; China Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Iizumi, H. and M. Yamamuro. 2000. Nitrogen fixation activity by periphytic blue-green algae in a seagrass bed on the great barrier reef. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 34:69-73. 2000 Australia; Fiji Index or Indicator Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Jacinto, G. S., P. M. Alino, C. L. Villanoy, L. Talaue-McManus, and E. D. Gomez. 2000. The Philippines. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 405-423. 2000 Philippines Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jameson, S. C., L. B. Trott, M. J. Marshall, and M. J. Childress. 2000. Nicaragua: Caribbean coast. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 517-530. 2000 South & Central America; Nicaragua; Caribbean Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Littler, D. S., M. M. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2000. Checklist of marine algae and seagrasses from the ponds of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 153-206. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Lowry, J. K. 2000. Taxonomic status of amphipod crustaceans in the South China Sea with a checklist of known species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 48:309-342. 2000 China; Vietnam; Philippines Seagrasses
McClanahan, T. R. and S. Mangi. 2000. Spillover of exploitable fishes from a marine park and its effect on the adjacent fishery. Ecological Applications 10:1792-1805. 2000 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring; Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mercier, A., S. C. Battaglene, and J.-F. Hamel. 2000. Periodic movement, recruitment and size-related distribution of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra in Solomon Islands. Hydrobiologia 440:81-100. 2000 Solomon Islands Field Study & Monitoring Echinoderms; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Mercier, A., S. C. Battaglene, and J.-F. Hamel. 2000. Settlement preferences and early migration of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 249:89-110. 2000 Lab Study Echinoderms; Seagrasses; Substrate
Mumby, P. J. 2000. Remote sensing of tropical coastal resources: Progress and fresh challenges for the new millennium. Pages 283-291 Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 3. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Myers, M. and M. Whittington. 2000. Mozambique. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 99-112. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Madagascar; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Nagelkerken, I., G. Van Der Velde, M. W. Gorissen, G. J. Meijer, T. Van't Hof, and C. Den Hartog. 2000. Importance of mangroves, seagrass beds and the shallow coral reef as a nursery for important coral reef fishes, using a visual census technique. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 51:31-44. 2000 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I., M. Dorenbosch, W. C. E. P. Verberk, E. Cocheret De La Moriniere, and G. Van Der Velde. 2000. Day-night shifts of fishes between shallow-water biotopes of a Caribbean bay, with emphasis on the nocturnal feeding of Haemulidae and Lutjanidae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194:55-64. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I., M. Dorenbosch, W. C. E. P. Verberk, E. Cocheret de la Moriniere, and G. Van der Velde. 2000. Importance of shallow-water biotopes of a Caribbean bay for juvenile coral reef fishes: Patterns in biotope association, community structure and spatial distribution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 202:175-192. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
O'Hara, T. D. 2000. Victoria province, Australia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 661-671. 2000 Australia; Europe Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands
Payri, C. E. 2000. Primary production and calcification of coral reef benthic algae [Production primaire et calcification des algues benthiques en milieu corallien]. Oceanis 26:427-463. 2000 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Zooxanthellae
Penchaszadeh, P. E., C. A. Leon, H. Alvarez, D. Bone, P. Castellano, M. M. Castillo, Y. Diaz, M. P. Garcia, M. Lemus, F. Losada, A. Martin, P. Miloslavich, C. Paredes, D. Perez, M. Sebastiani, D. Stecconi, V. Roa, and A. Villamizar. 2000. Venezuela. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 643-661. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Venezuela; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Bivalves; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Molluscs; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Price, A. R. G. and J. E. Maragos. 2000. The Marshall Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 773-789. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Micronesia; Marshall Islands Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Military; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Price, A. R. G. and S. Clark. 2000. The Maldives. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 199-219. 2000 Global; Seychelles; Maldives Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rajasuriya, A. and A. Premaratne. 2000. Sri Lanka. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 175-187. 2000 Indian Ocean; Cuba; Sri Lanka; India Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Ramachandran, S. 2000. The Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 189-197. 2000 India Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Richardson, B. J., P. K. S. Lam, and R. S. S. Wu. 2000. Hong Kong. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 535-547. 2000 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Riegl, B. and W. E. Piller. 2000. Mapping of benthic habitats in northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt): A tool for proactive management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10:127-140. 2000 Egypt GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Rossier, O. and M. Kulbicki. 2000. A comparison of fish assemblages from two types of algal beds and coral reefs in the south-west lagoon of New Caledonia. Cybium 24:26-Mar. 2000 New Caledonia Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ruiz-Zarate, M. A., J. Espinoza-Avalos, J. P. Carricart-Ganivet, and D. Fragoso. 2000. Relationships between manicina areolata (Cnidaria: Scleractinia), Thalassia testudinum (Anthophyta) and Neogoniolithon sp. (Rhodophyta). Marine Ecology Progress Series 206:135-146. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Sanchez-Jerez, P. and A. Ramos-Espla. 2000. Changes in fish assemblages associated with the deployment of an antitrawling reef in seagrass meadows. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129:1150-1159. 2000 Spain Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sarkar, S., S. Banerjee, S. Chakrabarty, and R. Mazumder. 2000. Could reef growth be the prime reason for the rarity of carbonate hummocky cross-stratifications ? Indian Journal of Earth Sciences 27:10-Jan. 2000 Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Scott, L. C., J. W. Boland, K. S. Edyvane, and G. K. Jones. 2000. Development of a seagrass-fish habitat model - I: A seagrass residency index for economically important species. Environmetrics 11:541-552. 2000 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Fish; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 221-232. 2000 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Military; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Red Sea. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 35-45. 2000 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies
Short, A. D. 2000. The distribution and impact of carbonate sands on southern Australian beach-dune systems. Pages 236-250 in Carbonate Beaches 2000. 2000 Australia Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shyka, T. A. and K. P. Sebens. 2000. Community structure, water column nutrients and water flow in two Pelican Cays ponds, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 107-121. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow
Sterrer, W. 2000. Gnathostomulida in the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 267-271. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Van Tussenbroek, B. I., C. A. Galindo, and J. Marquez. 2000. Dormancy and foliar density regulation in Thalassia testudinum. Aquatic Botany 68:281-295. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Nutrients; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Vazquez, F., R. Rangel, A. M. Quintero-Marmol, J. Fernandez, E. Aguayo, A. Palacio, and V. K. Sharma. 2000. Southern Gulf of Mexico. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 467-482. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Vierros, M. 2000. Jamaica. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 559-574. 2000 Jamaica Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Walker, D. I. 2000. The Western Australian region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 691-704. 2000 Australia Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Wilson, S. C. 2000. Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 17-33. 2000 India; United Arab Emirates; Iran; Oman Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Wilson, S. C. and R. Klaus. 2000. The Gulf of Aden. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 47-61. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; India; Djibouti Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Yap, H. T. 2000. The case for restoration of tropical coastal ecosystems. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:841-851. 2000 Global Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Zann, L. P. 2000. Northeastern Australia: The Great Barrier Reef region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 611-628. 2000 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Australian Region: An overview. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 579-592. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Sediment
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Eastern Australian Region: A dynamic tropical/temperate biotone. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:188-203. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Acosta, C. A. 1999. Benthic dispersal of Caribbean spiny lobsters among insular habitats: Implications for the conservation of exploited marine species. Conservation Biology 13:603-612. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Acosta, C. A. and M. J. Butler IV. 1999. Adaptive strategies that reduce predation on Caribbean spiny lobster postlarvae during onshore transport. Limnology and Oceanography 44:494-501. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Planktivorous Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aladro-Lubel, M. A. and M. E. Martinez-Murillo. 1999. Epibiotic Protozoa (Ciliophora) on a community of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig in a coral reef in Veracruz, Mexico. Aquatic Botany 65:239-254. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Lab Study; Model Algae; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Substrate
Aladro-Lubel, MA .A . and MA .E . Martinez-Murillo. 1999. First description of the lorica of Metacystis truncata and its occurrence on Thalassia testudinum. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 46:311-317. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Seagrasses; Substrate
Barnes, D. K. A. 1999. High diversity of tropical intertidal zone sponges in temperature, salinity and current extremes. African Journal of Ecology 37:424-434. 1999 Mozambique Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sponges
Boyer, J. N., J. W. Fourqurean, and R. D. Jones. 1999. Seasonal and Long-term Trends in the Water Quality of Florida Bay (1989-1997). Estuaries 22:417-430. 1999 Florida Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow
C. Gonzalez-Gandara, C., N. Membrillo-Venegas, E. Nunez-Lara, and J. E. Arias-Gonzalez. 1999. The relationship between fish and reefscapes in the Alacranes Reef, Yucatan, Mexico: A preliminary trophic functioning analysis. Vie et Milieu 49:275-286. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Fish; Octocoral; Plankton; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Carbone, F., G. Accordi, A. Angelucci, and R. Matteucci. 1999. The modern coral colonization of the Bajuni barrier island (Southern Somalia): A facies model for carbonate-quartzose sedimentation. Geologica Romana 111-149. 1999 Somalia; India Model; GIS & Maps Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Erftemeijer, P. L. A. and J. Stapel. 1999. Primary production of deep-water Halophila ovalis meadows. Aquatic Botany 65:71-82. 1999 Cuba; Indonesia Index or Indicator Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Finlayson, C. M., N. C. Davidson, A. G. Spiers, and N. J. Stevenson. 1999. Global wetland inventory - Current status and future priorities. Marine and Freshwater Research 50:717-727. 1999 Global Review; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Gladstone, W., N. Tawfiq, D. Nasr, I. Andersen, C. Cheung, H. Drammeh, F. Krupp, and S. Lintner. 1999. Sustainable use of renewable resources and conservation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden: Issues, needs and strategic actions. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:671-697. 1999 Global Review Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Haynes, D., J. F. Muller, and M. S. McLachlan. 1999. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Great Barrier Reef (Australia) dugongs (Dugong dugon). Chemosphere 38:255-262. 1999 Australia Seagrasses; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins
Heise, R. J. and S. A. Bortone. 1999. Estuarine artificial reefs to enhance seagrass planting and provide fish habitat. Gulf of Mexico Science 17:59-74. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Heyman, W. D. and B. Kjerfve. 1999. Hydrological and oceanographic considerations for integrated coastal zone management in Southern Belize. Environmental Management 24:229-245. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Model Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses
James, N. P., L. B. Collins, Y. Bone, and P. Hallock. 1999. Subtropical carbonates in a temperate realm: Modern sediments on the southwest australian shelf. Journal of Sedimentary Research 69:1297-1321. 1999 Global; Australia; Indian Ocean; India Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges
Japar Sidik, B., Z. Muta Harah, A. Mohd. Pauzi, and S. Madhavan. 1999. Halodule species from Malaysia - Distribution and morphological variation. Aquatic Botany 65:33-45. 1999 Malaysia Seagrasses
Lee Long, W. J., R. G. Coles, and L. J. McKenzie. 1999. Issues for seagrass conservation management in Queensland. Pacific Conservation Biology 5:321-328. 1999 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lehnert, H. and H. Fischer. 1999. Distribution patterns of sponges and corals down to 107 Moff North Jamaica. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44:307-316. 1999 Jamaica GIS & Maps Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Seagrasses; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Littler, M. M. and D. S. Littler. 1999. Blade abandonment/proliferation: A novel mechanism for rapid epiphyte control in marine macrophytes. Ecology 80:1736-1746. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Marubini, F. and B. Thake. 1999. Bicarbonate addition promotes coral growth. Limnology and Oceanography 44:719-720. 1999 Model Algae; Seagrasses
Mason, C. 1999. The ocean's role in climate variability and change and the resulting impacts on coasts. Natural Resources Forum 23:123-134. 1999 Global Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Housing; Light; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
McClanahan, T. R., V. Hendrick, M. J. Rodrigues, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1999. Varying responses of herbivorous and invertebrate-feeding fishes to macroalgal reduction on a coral reef. Coral Reefs 18:195-203. 1999 Kenya Index or Indicator Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Miller, M. W. and R. Sluka. 1999. Coral-seagrass interaction in an anthropogenically enriched lagoon. Coral Reefs 18:368. 1999 Seagrasses
Moore, B. and J. Zeidner. 1999. The legendary ocean-the unexplored frontier. Sea Technology 40:29-34. 1999 Global Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Mumby, P. J., E. P. Green, A. J. Edwards, and C. D. Clark. 1999. The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. Journal of Environmental Management 55:157-166. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Seagrasses
Ndaro, S. G. M. and E. Olafsson. 1999. Soft-bottom fauna with emphasis on nematode assemblage structure in a tropical intertidal lagoon in Zanzibar, eastern Africa: I. spatial variability. Hydrobiologia 405:133-148. 1999 Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Ochieng, C. A. and P. L. A. Erftemeijer. 1999. Accumulation of seagrass beach cast along the Kenyan coast: A quantitative assessment. Aquatic Botany 65:221-238. 1999 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Fleshy Macroalgae; Littering; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Perry, C. T. 1999. Biofilm-related calcification, sediment trapping and constructive micrite envelopes: A criterion for the recognition of ancient grass-bed environments? Sedimentology 46:33-45. 1999 Jamaica Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Ramage, D. L. and D. R. Schiel. 1999. Patch dynamics and response to disturbance of the seagrass Zostera novazelandica on intertidal platforms in southern New Zealand. Marine Ecology Progress Series 189:275-288. 1999 Seagrasses; Sediment
Riera, F., A. Grau, A. M. Grau, E. Pastor, A. Quetglas, and S. Pou. 1999. Ichthyofauna associated with drifting floating objects in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Scientia Marina 63:229-235. 1999 Fish; Seagrasses
Ronnback, P. 1999. The ecological basis for economic value of seafood production supported by mangrove ecosystems. Ecological Economics 29:235-252. 1999 Review Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seagrasses
Sazima, I., R. L. Moura, and C. Sazima. 1999. Cleaning activity of juvenile angelfish, Pomacanthus paru, on the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, western South Atlantic. Environmental Biology of Fishes 56:399-407. 1999 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Scarlett, A., P. Donkin, T. W. Fileman, and R. J. Morris. 1999. Occurrence of the antifouling herbicide, Irgarol 1051, within coastal-water seagrasses from Queensland, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:687-691. 1999 Australia; Europe Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Smith, C. M. and L. J. Walters. 1999. Fragmentation as a strategy for Caulerpa species: Fates of fragments and implications for management of an invasive weed. Marine Ecology 20:307-319. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Aquaculture; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Seagrasses
Snedaker, S. C., R. J. Araujo, A. A. Capin, M. D. Hearon, and E. A. Ofengand. 1999. Organochlorine compounds in subtropical and tropical marine organisms: A meta-analysis. Pages 214-230 in Toxicology and Industrial Health. 1999 Algae; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Sponges
Spurgeon, J. 1999. The socio-economic costs and benefits of coastal habitat rehabilitation and creation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:373-382. 1999 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses
Udy, J. W., W. C. Dennison, W. J. Lee Long, and L. J. McKenzie. 1999. Responses of seagrass to nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 185:257-271. 1999 Australia GIS & Maps Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Vinithkumar, N. V., S. Kumaresan, M. Manjusha, and T. Balasubramanian. 1999. Organic matter, nutrients and major ions in the sediments of coral reefs and seagrass beds of Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, southeast coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 28:383-393. 1999 India Molluscs; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Appadoo, C. and D. H. Steele. 1998. Shallow-water marine gammaridean amphipods of Mauritius island. Crustaceana 71:633-645. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Madagascar; Mauritius; India; Fiji Algae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Substrate
Barnes, D. K. A., A. Corrie, M. Whittington, M. A. Carvalho, and F. Gell. 1998. Coastal shellfish resource use in the Quirimba Archipelago, Mozambique. Journal of Shellfish Research 17:51-58. 1998 Mozambique Bivalves; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Beer, S., B. Vilenkin, A. Weil, M. Veste, L. Susel, and A. Eshel. 1998. Measuring photosynthetic rates in seagrasses by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 174:293-300. 1998 Primary Production; Seagrasses
Chauvaud, S., C. Bouchon, and R. Maniere. 1998. Remote sensing techniques adapted to high resolution mapping of tropical coastal marine ecosystems (coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangrove). International Journal of Remote Sensing 19:3625-3639. 1998 Martinique Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Eggleston, D. B., J. J. Grover, and R. N. Lipcius. 1998. Ontogenetic diet shifts in Nassau grouper: Trophic linkages and predatory impact. Bulletin of Marine Science 63:111-126. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Fondo, E. N. and E. E. Martens. 1998. Effects of mangrove deforestation on macrofaunal densities, Gazi Bay, Kenya. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 2:75-83. 1998 Kenya Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
France, R., J. Holmquist, M. Chandler, and A. Cattaneo. 1998. δ15N evidence for nitrogen fixation associated with macroalgae from a seagrass-mangrove-coral reef system. Marine Ecology Progress Series 167:297-299. 1998 Puerto Rico Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hader, D.-P., H. D. Kumar, R. C. Smith, and R. C. Worrest. 1998. Effects on aquatic ecosystems. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 46:53-68. 1998 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Climate; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Jagtap, T. G. 1998. Structure of major seagrass beds from three coral reef atolls of Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea, India. Aquatic Botany 60:397-408. 1998 India Algae; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment
Jaubert Jean, M., R. M. Chisholm John, MA NU EL Marchioretti, and FA BR IC E Priouzeau. 1998. Submersible respirometer designed to measure the metabolism of benthic marine plants and invertebrates. Pages 1754-1756 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1998 Cuba Fleshy Macroalgae; Housing; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Jenkins, G. P. and M. J. Wheatley. 1998. The influence of habitat structure on nearshore fish assemblages in a southern Australian embayment: Comparison of shallow seagrass, reef-algal and unvegetated sand habitats, with emphasis on their importance to recruitment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 221:147-172. 1998 Australia Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Kalbfleisch, W. B. C. and B. Jones. 1998. Sedimentology of shallow, hurricane-affected lagoons: Grand Cayman, British West Indies. Journal of Coastal Research 14:140-160. 1998 Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Kanashiro, K. 1998. Settlement and migration of early stage spangled emperor, Lethrinus nebulosus (pisces: lethrinidae), in the coastal waters off Okinawa island, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 64:618-625. 1998 Cuba; Japan Seagrasses
Kjerfve, B. 1998. CARICOMP - Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove sites. UNESCO, Paris, France. 1998 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kumaresan, S., N. V. Vinith Kumar, T. Balasubramanian, and A. N. Subramanian. 1998. Trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) in sediments from the Gulf of Mannar region, southeast coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 27:256-258. 1998 India Seagrasses; Sediment
Lara, E. N. and E. A. Gonzalez. 1998. The relationship between reef fish community structure and environmental variables in the southern Mexican Caribbean. Journal of Fish Biology 53:209-221. 1998 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Algae; Fish; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Lin, H.-J. and K.-T. Shao. 1998. Temporal changes in the abundance and growth of intertidal Thalassia hemprichii seagrass beds in southern Taiwan. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 39:191-198. 1998 Taiwan Climate; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Lipcius, R. N., D. B. Eggleston, D. L. Miller, and T. C. Luhrs. 1998. The habitat-survival function for Caribbean spiny lobster: An inverted size effect and non-linearity in mixed algal and seagrass habitats. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:807-816. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Miyajima, T., I. Koike, H. Yamano, and H. Iizumi. 1998. Accumulation and transport of seagrass-derived organic matter in reef flat sediment of Green Island, Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 175:251-259. 1998 Australia Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Mumby, P. J., E. P. Green, C. D. Clark, and A. J. Edwards. 1998. Digital analysis of multispectral airborne imagery of coral reefs. Coral Reefs 17:59-69. 1998 Turks and Caicos Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses
Nasser, A. K. V., P. Siraimeetan, and P. M. Aboobaker. 1998. Zooplankton abundance and distribution at Minicoy lagoon, Lakshadweep. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 27:346-350. 1998 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses
Nunez Lara, E. and E. Arias Gonzalez. 1998. The relationship between reef fish community structure and environmental variables in the southern Mexican Caribbean. Journal of Fish Biology 53:209-221. 1998 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Algae; Fish; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Price, A. R. G., G. Jobbins, A. R. Dawson Shepherd, and R. F. G. Ormond. 1998. An integrated environmental assessment of the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Environmental Conservation 25:65-76. 1998 Saudi Arabia Mangroves; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Ramage, D. L. and D. R. Schiel. 1998. Reproduction in the seagrass Zostera novazelandica on intertidal platforms in southern New Zealand. Marine Biology 130:479-489. 1998 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Salinity; Seagrasses
Sam, A. K., M. M. O. Ahamed, F. A. El Khangi, Y. O. El Nigumi, and E. Holm. 1998. Radioactivity levels in the Red Sea coastal environment of Sudan. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36:19-26. 1998 Sudan Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sediment
Schlueter, M. A. and S. I. Guttman. 1998. Gene flow and genetic diversity of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, banks ex konig, in the lower Florida keys. Aquatic Botany 61:147-164. 1998 Florida Model Mangroves; Seagrasses
Sosa-Cordero, E., A. M. Arce, W. Aguilar-Davila, and A. Ramirez-Gonzalez. 1998. Artificial shelters for spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille): An evaluation of occupancy in different benthic habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 229:18-Jan. 1998 South & Central America; Bahamas; Cuba; Mexico Index or Indicator Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Thompson, J. J. 1998. Interseasonal changes in shorebird habitat specialisation in Moreton Bay, Australia. Emu 98:117-126. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Marine Birds; Seagrasses; Sediment
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. 1998. Above- and below-ground biomass and production by Thalassia testudinum in a tropical reef lagoon. Aquatic Botany 61:69-82. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Seagrasses
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. and A. Brearley. 1998. Isopod burrowing in leaves of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, in a Mexican Caribbean reef lagoon. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:525-531. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Seagrasses
Vervoort, H. C., J. R. Pawlik, and W. Fenical. 1998. Chemical defense of the Caribbean ascidian Didemnum conchyliatum. Marine Ecology Progress Series 164:221-228. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Tunicates
Wu, R. S. S., R. Y. H. Cheung, and P. K. S. Shin. 1998. The 'beneficial uses' approach in coastal management in Hong Kong: A compromise between rapid urban development and sustainable development. Ocean and Coastal Management 41:89-102. 1998 Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Seagrasses
Zuschin, M. and J. Hohenegger. 1998. Subtropical coral-reef associated sedimentary facies characterized by molluscs (Northern Bay of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt). Facies 229-254. 1998 Egypt Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Acosta, C. A. and M. J. Butler IV. 1997. Role of mangrove habitat as a nursery for juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in Belize. Marine and Freshwater Research 48:721-727. 1997 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Beets, J. 1997. Effects of a predatory fish on the recruitment and abundance of Caribbean coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 148:21-Nov. 1997 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Model Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Betzler, C., T. C. Brachert, and J. Nebelsick. 1997. The warm temperate carbonate province a review of the facies, zonations, and delimitations. CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 83-99. 1997 Review Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment
Boucher, G. 1997. Structure and biodiversity of nematode assemblages in the SW lagoon of New Caledonia. Coral Reefs 16:177-186. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Index or Indicator Marine Worms; Seagrasses
Bouchon-Navaro, Y., M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 1997. The coastal fish communities of the West Indies [Les peuplements ichtyologiques cotiers des Antilles]. Cybium 21:107-127. 1997 Antilles; Cuba; Martinique Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Seagrasses
Cox, C., J. H. Hunt, W. G. Lyons, and G. E. Davis. 1997. Nocturnal foraging of the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) on offshore reefs of Florida, USA. Marine and Freshwater Research 48:671-679. 1997 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Arthropods; Bivalves; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Diaz, M. C. and B. B. Ward. 1997. Sponge-mediated nitrification in tropical benthic communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 156:97-107. 1997 South & Central America; Cuba; Belize; Caribbean Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Duarte, C. M., J. S. Uri, N. S. R. Agawin, M. D. Fortes, J. E. Vermaat, and N. Marba. 1997. Flowering frequency of Philippine seagrasses. Botanica Marina 40:497-500. 1997 Philippines Seagrasses
Edgar, G. J., J. Moverley, N. S. Barrett, D. Peters, and C. Reed. 1997. The conservation-related benefits of a systematic marine biological sampling programme: The Tasmanian reef bioregionalisation as a case study. Biological Conservation 79:227-240. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Gillanders, B. M. 1997. Patterns of abundance and size structure in the blue groper, Achoerodus viridis (Pisces, Labridae): Evidence of links between estuaries and coastal reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 49:153-173. 1997 Australia Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Haunold, T. G., C. Baal, and W. E. Piller. 1997. Benthic foraminiferal associations in the Northern Bay of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt. Marine Micropaleontology 29:185-210. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Egypt Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Jackson, J. B. C. 1997. Reefs since Columbus. Coral Reefs 16. 1997 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sponges
Kensley, B., M. Ortiz, and M. Schotte. 1997. New records of marine Isopoda from Cuba (Crustacea: Peracarida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 110:74-98. 1997 Cuba; France Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kitheka, J. U. 1997. Coastal tidally-driven circulation and the role of water exchange in the linkage between tropical coastal ecosystems. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 45:177-187. 1997 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kricher, J. 1997. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. 1997 Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Marguillier, S., G. Van Der Velde, F. Dehairs, M. A. Hemminga, and S. Rajagopal. 1997. Trophic relationships in an interlinked mangrove-seagrass ecosystem as traced by δ13C and δ15N. Marine Ecology Progress Series 151:115-121. 1997 Kenya Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses
Mcclintock, B. 1997. Ichthyodeterrent properties of lipophilic extracts from Bermudian sponges. Journal of Chemical Ecology 23:1607-1620. 1997 Bermuda Lab Study Fish; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Mumby, P. J., E. P. Green, A. J. Edwards, and C. D. Clark. 1997. Coral reef habitat-mapping: How much detail can remote sensing provide? Marine Biology 130:193-202. 1997 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses
Nemtzov, S. C. 1997. Intraspecific variation in home range exclusivity by female green razorfish, Xyrichtys splendens (family Labridae), in different habitats. Environmental Biology of Fishes 50:371-381. 1997 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Ohowa, B. O., B. M. Mwashote, and W. S. Shimbira. 1997. Dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes from two seasonal rivers into Gazi Bay, Kenya. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 45:189-195. 1997 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Peters, E.C., N.J. Gassman, J.C. Firman, R.H. Richmonds, E.A. Power. 1997. Ecotoxicology of Tropical Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:12-40. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Ribera, G., M. Coloreu, C. Rodriguez-Prieto, and E. Ballesteros. 1997. Phytobenthic assemblages of Addaia Bay (Menorca, western Mediterranean): Composition and distribution. Botanica Marina 40:523-532. 1997 Algae; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fleshy Macroalgae; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Risk, A. 1997. Effects of habitat on the settlement and post-settlement success of the ocean surgeonfish Acanthurus bahianus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 161:51-59. 1997 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Semeniuk, V. 1997. Pleistocene coastal palaeogeography in Southwestern Australia - Carbonate and quartz sand sedimentation in cuspate forelands, barriers and ribbon shoreline deposits. Journal of Coastal Research 13:468-489. 1997 Australia Model Seagrasses; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stapel, J., R. Manuntun, and M. A. Hemminga. 1997. Biomass loss and nutrient redistribution in an Indonesian Thalassia hemprichii seagrass bed following seasonal low tide exposure during daylight. Marine Ecology Progress Series 148:251-262. 1997 Indonesia Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Tupper, M. and R. G. Boutilier. 1997. Effects of habitat on settlement, growth, predation risk and survival of a temperate reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 151:225-236. 1997 Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses
Woods, C. M. C. and D. R. Schiel. 1997. Use of seagrass Zostera novazelandica (Setchell, 1933) as habitat and food by the crab Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Heller, 1862) (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) on rocky intertidal platforms in southern New Zealand. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 214:49-65. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Sediment
Baca Bart, J., C. Snedaker Samuel, E. Dodge Richard, H. Knap Anthony, and D. Sleeter Thomas. 1996. Effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil on tropical ecosystems: Long-term seagrass, mangrove, and coral studies. Pages 469-486 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1996 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Cook Susan, B. and K. Krumm Debra. 1996. From submersibles to seagrasses: Education programs at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. Pages 1412-1413 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1996 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Seagrasses
Diaz, J. M., J. A. Sanchez, and G. Diaz-Pulido. 1996. Geomorphology and recent reef structures of Isla Fuerte and Bajo Bushnell, Colombian Caribbean continental shelf [Geomorfologia y formaciones arrecifales recientes de Isla Fuerte y Bajo Bushnell, plataforma continental del Caribe Colombiano]. Boletin de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 25:87-105. 1996 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Duarte, C. M. and J. Cebrian. 1996. The fate of marine autotrophic production. Limnology and Oceanography 41:1758-1766. 1996 Global Algae; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Mangroves; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Duarte, C. M., M. A. Hemminga, and N. Marba. 1996. Growth and population dynamics of Thalassodendron ciliatum in a Kenyan back-reef lagoon. Aquatic Botany 55:11-Jan. 1996 Kenya Seagrasses; Sediment
Estes, J. A. 1996. The influence of large, mobile predators in aquatic food webs: examples from sea otters and kelp forests. Pages 65-72 Aquatic predators and their prey. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; Columbia Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Invertebrates; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Gillanders, B. M. and M. J. Kingsford. 1996. Elements in otoliths may elucidate the contribution of estuarine recruitment to sustaining coastal reef populations of a temperate reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 141:13-20. 1996 Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Hyndes, G. A., I. C. Potter, and R. C. J. Lenanton. 1996. Habitat partitioning by whiting species (Sillaginidae) in coastal waters. Environmental Biology of Fishes 45:21-40. 1996 Australia Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Katz, M. 1996. The Florida Keys ecosystem monitoring integration project. Earth System Monitor 6:13-Dec. 1996 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Kimani, E. N., G. K. Mwatha, E. O. Wakwabi, J. M. Ntiba, and B. K. Okoth. 1996. Fishes of a shallow tropical mangrove estuary, Gazi, Kenya. Marine and Freshwater Research 47:857-868. 1996 Kenya Index or Indicator Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kitheka, J. U. 1996. Water circulation and coastal trapping of brackish water in a tropical mangrove-dominated bay in Kenya. Limnology and Oceanography 41:169-176. 1996 Kenya Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kitheka, J. U., B. O. Ohowa, B. M. Mwashote, W. S. Shimbira, J. M. Mwaluma, and J. M. Kazungu. 1996. Water circulation dynamics, water column nutrients and plankton productivity in a well-flushed tropical bay in Kenya. Journal of Sea Research 35:257-268. 1996 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lapointe, B. E. and W. R. Matzie. 1996. Effects of stormwater nutrient discharges on eutrophication processes in nearshore waters of the Florida Keys. Estuaries 19:422-435. 1996 Florida Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
McAfee, S. T. and S. G. Morgan. 1996. Resource use by five sympatric parrotfishes in the San Blas Archipelago, Panama. Marine Biology 125:427-437. 1996 Panama Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Mcclanahan, T. R., A. T. Kamukuru, N. A. Muthiga, M. Gilagabher Yebio, and D. Obura. 1996. Effect of sea urchin reductions on algae, coral, and fish populations. Conservation Biology 10:136-154. 1996 Kenya Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Middelburg, J. J., J. Nieuwenhuize, F. J. Slim, and B. Ohowa. 1996. Sediment biogeochemistry in an east African mangrove forest (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Biogeochemistry 34:133-155. 1996 Kenya Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Piller, W. E. and M. Rasser. 1996. Rhodolith formation induced by reef erosion in the Red Sea, Egypt. Coral Reefs 15:191-198. 1996 Egypt Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Rooker, J. R., G. D. Dennis, and D. Goulet. 1996. Sampling larval fishes with a nightlight lift-net in tropical inshore waters. Fisheries Research 26:15-Jan. 1996 Puerto Rico Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Semeniuk, V. 1996. An early Holocene record of rising sea level along a bathymetrically complex coast in southwestern Australia. Marine Geology 131:177-193. 1996 Australia Seagrasses; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stachowicz, J. J. and M. E. Hay. 1996. Facultative mutualism between an herbivorous crab and a coralline alga: Advantages of eating noxious seaweeds. Oecologia 105:377-387. 1996 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Szmant, A. M. and A. Forrester. 1996. Water column and sediment nitrogen and phosphorus distribution patterns in the Florida Keys, USA. Coral Reefs 15:21-41. 1996 Florida Docks & Marinas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. 1996. Leaf dimensions of transplants of Thalassia testudinum in a Mexican Caribbean reef lagoon. Aquatic Botany 55:133-138. 1996 South & Central America; Caribbean Seagrasses
Zann, L. P. 1996. The state of the Marine Environment Report for Australia (SOMER): Process, findings and perspectives. Ocean and Coastal Management 33:63-86. 1996 Global; Australia Invasive Species; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Alderson, MA RK. 1995. Course to paradise reclaimed. Pages 66-67 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Ayvazian, S. G. and G. A. Hyndes. 1995. Surf-zone fish assemblages in south-western Australia: Do adjacent nearshore habitats and the warm Leeuwin current influence the characteristics of the fish fauna? Marine Biology 122:527-536. 1995 Australia Fish; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Bosence, D. W. J. and P. H. Bridges. 1995. A review of the origin and evolution of carbonate mud-mounds. Pages 9-Mar Carbonate mud-mounds: their origin and evolution. 1995 Review Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment
Brewer, D. T., S. J. M. Blaber, J. P. Salini, and M. J. Farmer. 1995. Feeding Ecology of Predatory Fishes from Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, with Special Reference to Predation on Penaeid Prawns. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 40:577-600. 1995 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Costello David, K., L. Carder Kendall, F. Chen Robert, G. Peacock Thomas, and N. SA ND Y Nettles. 1995. Multispectral imagery, hyperspectral radiometry, and unmanned underwater vehicles: tools for the assessment of natural resources in coastal waters. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 2501:407-415. 1995 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment
Eggleston, D. B. 1995. Recruitment in Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus: post-settlement abundance, microhabitat features, and ontogenetic habitat shifts. Marine Ecology Progress Series 124:22-Sep. 1995 Bahamas Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Iryu, Y., T. Nakamori, S. Matsuda, and O. Abe. 1995. Distribution of marine organisms and its geological significance in the modern reef complex of the Ryukyu Islands. Sedimentary Geology 99:243-258. 1995 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Kampfer, S. and J. Ott. 1995. Nutrition and feeding preferences in the Caribbean echinoid Clypeaster rosaceus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Pages 309-314 in Biology and ecology of shallow coastal waters. Proc. 28th European marine biology symposium, Iraklio, Crete, 1993. 1995 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean; Europe Calcareous Macroalgae; Echinoderms; Seagrasses
Kuenen, M. M. and A. O. Debrot. 1995. A quantitative study of the seagrass and algal meadows of the Spaanse Water, Curacao, The Netherlands Antilles. Aquatic Botany 51:291-310. 1995 Antilles Seagrasses
Larkum, A. W. 1995. Halophila capricorni (Hydrocharitaceae): A new species of seagrass from the Coral Sea. Aquatic Botany 51:319-328. 1995 Seagrasses
Maragos, J. E. and C. W. Cook Jr. 1995. The 1991-1992 rapid ecological assessment of Palau's coral reefs. Coral Reefs 14:237-252. 1995 Palau Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Okechi, J. K. and J. J. Polovina. 1995. An evaluation of artificial shelters in the artisanal spiny lobster fishery in Gazi Bay, Kenya. South African Journal of Marine Science 373-376. 1995 Kenya Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Tupper, M. and R. G. Boutilier. 1995. Effects of habitat on settlement, growth, and postsettlement survival of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:1834-1841. 1995 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. 1995. Thalassia testudinum leaf dynamics in a Mexican caribbean coral reef lagoon. Marine Biology 122:33-40. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Discharges; Mangroves; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Vermaat, J. E., N. S. R. Agawin, C. M. Duarte, M. D. Fortes, N. Marba, and J. S. Uri. 1995. Meadow maintenance, growth and productivity of a mixed Philippine seagrass bed. Marine Ecology Progress Series 124:215-225. 1995 Philippines Seagrasses
Wiebe William, J. 1995. CARICOMP: a regional research and monitoring program for the Caribbean coastal zone. Pages 508-509 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Wulff, J. L. 1995. Sponge-feeding by the Caribbean starfish Oreaster reticulatus. Marine Biology 123:313-325. 1995 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes
Abu-Hilal, A. H. 1994. Effect of depositional environment and sources of pollution on uranium concentration in sediment, coral, algae and seagrass species from the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin 28:81-88. 1994 Algae; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Sediment
Avent, R. M. and R. M. Rogers. 1994. Sensitive Biological Habitats and Resources in the Gulf of Mexico: Environment Issues and Concerns for the Regulation of the Petroleum Industry. Pages 445-453 in Drilling Conference - Proceedings. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Designate Protected Species; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Erftemeijer, P. L. A. 1994. Differences in nutrient concentrations and resources between seagrass communities on carbonate and terrigenous sediments in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bulletin of Marine Science 54:403-419. 1994 Indonesia Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Fong, P. and M. A. Harwell. 1994. Modeling seagrass communities in tropical and subtropical bays and estuaries: a mathematical model synthesis of current hypothesis. Bulletin of Marine Science 54:757-781. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Harris, P. T. 1994. Comparison of tropical, carbonate and temperate, siliciclastic tidally dominated sedimentary deposits: examples from the Australian continental shelf. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 41:241-254. 1994 Australia; Europe Review; Model Seagrasses; Sediment
Hatcher, B. G. and L. B. Collins. 1994. The Houtman Abrolhos reefs of Western Australia: environmental and anthropogenic change in the structure and function of reef communities at high latitude. Pages 378-384 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Australia Algae; Seagrasses; Turf Algae
Hemminga, M. A., F. J. Slim, J. Kazungu, G. M. Ganssen, J. Nieuwenhuize, and N. M. Kruyt. 1994. Carbon outwelling from a mangrove forest with adjacent seagrass beds and coral reefs (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Marine Ecology Progress Series 106:291-302. 1994 Kenya Mangroves; Seagrasses
Lapointe, B. E., D. A. Tomasko, and W. R. Matzie. 1994. Eutrophication and Tropic State Classification of Seagrass Communities in the Florida Keys. Bulletin of Marine Science 54:696-717. 1994 Florida Nutrients; Seagrasses
Lobban, C. S. and P. J. Harrison. 1994. Seaweed ecology and physiology. Seaweed ecology and physiology. 1994 Review Algae; Aquaculture; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses
Markevich, A. I. 1994. Species composition and ecological characteristics of the fishes of artificial habitats in Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan. Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 20:222-228. 1994 Japan Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Stoffle, R. W., D. B. Halmo, T. W. Wagner, and J. J. Luczkovich. 1994. Reefs from space: Satellite imagery, marine ecology, and ethnography in the Dominican Republic. Human Ecology 22:355-378. 1994 Global; Dominican Republic Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
[No author name available]. 1993. 11th Australasian Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Pages 429-726 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Burns, K. A., M. G. Ehrhardt, B. L. Howes, and C. D. Taylor. 1993. Subtidal benthic community respiration and production near the heavily oiled Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:199-205. 1993 Saudi Arabia Algae; Light; Petroleum Spills; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Erftemeijer, P. L. A., R. Osinga, and A. E. Mars. 1993. Primary production of seagrass beds in South Sulawesi (Indonesia): a comparison of habitats, methods and species. Aquatic Botany 46:67-90. 1993 Indonesia Primary Production; Seagrasses
Gable, F. J. 1993. Marine habitats: selected environmental and ecological charts. Pages 217-261 Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 GIS & Maps Molluscs; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Gabric, A. J. and P. R. F. Bell. 1993. Review of the effects of non-point nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:261-283. 1993 Review Discharges; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Remediation; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Hallock, P. and M. W. Peebles. 1993. Foraminifera with chlorophyte endosymbionts: Habitats of six species in the Florida Keys. Marine Micropaleontology 20:277-292. 1993 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Hixon, M. A. and J. P. Beets. 1993. Predation, prey refuges, and the structure of coral-reef fish assemblages. Ecological Monographs 63:77-101. 1993 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Jagtap, T. G. 1993. Studies on littoral and sublittoral macrophytes around the Mauritius coast. Atoll Research Bulletin 1993 Mauritius Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Jernakoff, P., B. F. Phillips, and J. J. Fitzpatrick. 1993. The diet of post-puerulus western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus George, at Seven Mile Beach, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:649-655. 1993 Australia Algae; Coralline Algae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Seagrasses
Kuo, J., W. Lee Long, and R. G. Coles. 1993. Occurrence and fruit and seed biology of Halophila tricostata Greenway (Hydrocharitaceae). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:43-57. 1993 Australia Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Luczkovich, J. J., T. W. Wagner, J. L. Michalek, and R. W. Stoffle. 1993. Discrimination of coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and sand bottom types from space: a Dominican Republic case study. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 59:385-389. 1993 Global; Dominican Republic GIS & Maps Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Maul, G. A. 1993. Implications of future climate on the ecosystems and socio-economic structure in the marine and coastal regions of the intra-Americas sea. Pages 28-Mar Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 Global; South & Central America; Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
McGregor, K. R. and M. E. Huber. 1993. A bibliography of research relating to Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 19:59-76. 1993 Papua New Guinea Mangroves; Seagrasses
Michalek, J. L., T. W. Wagner, J. J. Luczkovich, and R. W. Stoffle. 1993. Multispectral change vector analysis for monitoring coastal marine environments. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 59:381-384. 1993 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Morell, J. M. and J. E. Corredor. 1993. Sediment Nitrogen Trapping in a Mangrove Lagoon. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 37:203-212. 1993 Puerto Rico Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Moriarty, D. J. W. and M. J. O'Donohue. 1993. Nitrogen fixation in seagrass communities during summer in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:117-125. 1993 Australia Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Price, A. R. G., C. R. C. Sheppard, and C. M. Roberts. 1993. The Gulf: Its biological setting. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:15-Sep. 1993 Global; Iran Review Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Sedberry, G. R. and J. Carter. 1993. The fish community of a shallow tropical lagoon in Belize, Central America. Estuaries 16:198-215. 1993 South & Central America; Belize Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Yamamuro, M., I. Koike, and H. Iizumi. 1993. Partitioning of the nitrogen stock in the vicinity of a Fijian seagrass bed dominated by Syringodium isoetifolium (Ascherson) Dandy. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:101-115. 1993 Fiji Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Bacon, P. R. and G. P. Alleng. 1992. The management of Insular Caribbean mangroves in relation to site location and community type. Hydrobiologia 247:235-241. 1992 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Antilles; Jamaica; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Caribbean Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal
Bell, P. R. F. 1992. Eutrophication and coral reefs - Some examples in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Water Research 26:553-568. 1992 Australia Index or Indicator Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Blaber, S. J. M., D. T. Brewer, J. P. Salini, J. D. Kerr, and C. Conacher. 1992. Species composition and biomasses of fishes in tropical seagrasses at Groote Eylandt, northern Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 35:605-620. 1992 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Coppejans, E., H. Beeckman, and M. De Wit. 1992. The seagrass and associated macroalgal vegetation of Gazi Bay (Kenya). Hydrobiologia 247:59-75. 1992 Kenya Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Substrate
Eggleston, D. B., R. N. Lipcius, and D. L. Miller. 1992. Artificial shelters and survival of juvenile Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus: spatial, habitat, and lobster size effects. Fishery Bulletin 90:691-702. 1992 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Jaccarini, V. and E. Martens. 1992. The ecology of mangrove and related ecosystems. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Mombasa, Kenya, September 1990. Hydrobiologia 247. 1992 Kenya Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Lapointe, B. E. and M. W. Clark. 1992. Nutrient inputs from the watershed and coastal eutrophication in the Florida Keys. Estuaries 15:465-476. 1992 Florida Nutrients; Seagrasses
Littler, M. M. and D. S. Littler. 1992. Results of the USSR-USA expedition in marine biology to the Seychelles Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 1992 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India Algae; Invertebrates; Light; Nutrients; Octocoral; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Luczkovich Joseph, J., W. Wagner Thomas, L. Michalek Jeffrey, and W. Stoffle Richard. 1992. Can seagrass meadows, coral reefs, and sand bottoms be mapped from space? A Dominican Republic case study. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:809-816. 1992 Global; Dominican Republic GIS & Maps Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
McClanahan, T. R. 1992. Epibenthic gastropods of the middle Florida keys: The role of habitat and environmental stress on assemblage composition. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 160:169-190. 1992 Florida Fish; Nutrients; Salinity; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
McClanahan, T. R. and N. A. Muthiga. 1992. Comparative sampling methods for subtidal epibenthic gastropods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 164:87-101. 1992 Florida Index or Indicator Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Michalek Jeffrey, L., W. Wagner Thomas, J. Luczkovich Joseph, and W. Stoffle Richard. 1992. Multispectral change vector analysis for monitoring coastal marine environments. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:635-641. 1992 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Paul, V. J. 1992. Activation of chemical defenses in the tropical green algae Halimeda spp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 160:191-203. 1992 Guam Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sheppard, C., A. Price, and C. Roberts. 1992. Marine ecology of the Arabian region: patterns and processes in extreme tropical environments. Marine ecology of the Arabian region: patterns and processes in extreme tropical environments. 1992 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Substrate
van Genderen, J. L., R. A. van Zuidam, and S. GO NZ AL ES Fager. 1992. Environmental information systems for coastal zone management in developing countries. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:647-656. 1992 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Wetmore, K. L. and R. E. Plotnick. 1992. Correlations between test morphology, crushing strength, and habitat in Amphistegina gibbosa, Archaias angulatus, and Laevipeneroplis proteus from Bermuda. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 22:12-Jan. 1992 Bermuda Seagrasses
Zainal, A. J. M., D. H. Dalby, and I. S. Robinson. 1992. Monitoring marine ecological changes on the east coast of Bahrain by Landsat TM. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:795-808. 1992 Bahrain Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Ansari, Z. A., C. U. Rivonker, P. Ramani, and A. H. Parulekar. 1991. Seagrass habitat complexity and macroinvertebrate abundance in Lakshadweep coral reef lagoons, Arabian Sea. Coral Reefs 10:127-131. 1991 Complex Habitat & Resources; Marine Worms; Seagrasses
Escobar Briones, E. and L. A. Soto. 1991. Biogeography of the Mysidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Gulf of Mexico [Biogeografia de los misidaceos (Crustacea: Peracarida) del Golfo de Mexico]. Caribbean Journal of Science 27:80-89. 1991 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Mexico Seagrasses
Keller, B, D. and J. B. C. Jackson. 1991. Long-term assessment of the oil spill at Bahia Las Minas, Panama interim report, volume I: executive summary. OCS Study MMS 90-0030, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, New Orleans, LA. 1991 Panama Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and E. A. Titlyanov. 1991. Producers of organic matter on tropical reefs and their relative dominance. Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 6:14-Mar. 1991 Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Paw, J. N. and T.-E. Chua. 1991. Managing coastal resources in Cilacap, Indonesia, and Lingayen Gulf, Philippines - an ASEAN initiative. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:779-783. 1991 Java; Indonesia; Philippines Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Shiba, T., Y. Shioi, K.-I. Takamiya, D. C. Sutton, and C. R. Wilkinson. 1991. Distribution and physiology of aerobic bacteria containing bacteriochlorophyll a on the east and west coasts of Australia. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57:295-300. 1991 Australia; Japan Algae; Microorganisms; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sponges
Stoddart, D. R. and F. R. Fosberg. 1991. Phytogeography and vegetation of the reef islands of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Atoll Research Bulletin 1991 Australia Mangroves; Marine Birds; Seagrasses
Aleem, A. A. 1990. Impact of human activity on marine habitats along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Hydrobiologia 208:15-Jul. 1990 Saudi Arabia Mangroves; Seagrasses
Baelde, P. 1990. Differences in the structures of fish assemblages in Thalassia testudinum beds in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, and their ecological significance. Marine Biology 105:163-173. 1990 Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Berwick, N. L. 1990. Guidelines for the analysis of biophysical impacts to tropical coastal marine resources. Pages Sep-62 in Conservation in developing countries. Proc. centenary seminar, Bombay Natural History Society. 1990 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Darnell, R. M. 1990. Mapping of the biological resources of the continental shelf. American Zoologist 30:15-21. 1990 South & Central America; Mexico GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ghamrong-navasawat, TH ON. 1990. Preliminary survey on coral reefs and seagrass communities by remote sensing in the Gulf of Thailand. Pages 563-572 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 1990 Thailand Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Marsh, H. and G. B. Rathbun. 1990. Development and application of conventional and satellite radio tracking techniques for studying dugong movements and habitat use. Australian Wildlife Research 17:83-100. 1990 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Marsh, H. and W. K. Saalfeld. 1990. The distribution and abundance of dugongs in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park south of Cape Bedford. Australian Wildlife Research 17:511-524. 1990 Australia GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
West, R. J. 1990. Depth-related structural and morphological variations in an Australian Posidonia seagrass bed. Aquatic Botany 36:153-166. 1990 Australia Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Williams, S. L. 1990. Experimental studies of Caribbean seagrass bed development. Ecological Monographs 60:449-469. 1990 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Model Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Hatcher, A. 1989. Variation in the components of benthic community structure in a coastal lagoon as a function of spatial scale. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 40:79-96. 1989 Algae; Climate; Invertebrates; Seagrasses
Heck Jr, K. L. and M. P. Weinstein. 1989. Feeding habits of juvenile reef fishes associated with Panamanian seagrass meadows. Bulletin of Marine Science 45:629-636. 1989 Panama Invertivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hixon, M. A. and J. P. Beets. 1989. Shelter characteristics and Caribbean fish assemblages: experiments with artificial reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:666-680. 1989 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Howard, R. K. 1989. The structure of a nearshore fish community of Western Australia: diel patterns and the habitat role of limestone reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 24:93-104. 1989 Australia Fish; Seagrasses
Jackson, J. B. C., J. D. Cubit, B. D. Keller, V. Batista, K. Burns, H. M. Caffey, R. L. Caldwell, S. D. Garrity, C. D. Getter, C. Gonzalez, H. M. Guzman, K. W. Kaufmann, A. H. Knap, S. C. Levings, M. J. Marshall, R. Steger, R. C. Thompson, and E. Weil. 1989. Ecological effects of a major oil spill on Panamanian coastal marine communities. Science 243:37-44. 1989 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Marsh, H. and W. K. Saalfeld. 1989. Aerial surveys of sea turtles in the northern Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Australian Wildlife Research 16:239-249. 1989 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Marsh, H. and W. K. Saalfeld. 1989. Distribution and abundance of dugongs in the northern Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Australian Wildlife Research 16:429-440. 1989 Australia GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Martosewojo, S. 1989. Comparison of the fish communities of the reef flat, the reef edge and the pelagic system in Flores sea reef environments. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23:191-195. 1989 Fish; Seagrasses
Nienhuis, P. H., J. Coosen, and W. Kiswara. 1989. Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna in the flores sea, Indonesia. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23:197-214. 1989 Indonesia Model; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Tertschnig, W. P. 1989. Diel activity patterns and foraging dynamics of the sea urchin Tripneustes ventricosus in a tropical seagrass community and a reef environment (Virgin Islands). Marine Ecology 10:21-Mar. 1989 US Virgin Islands Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Brown, B. E. 1988. Fate of metals in biota and biological interactions in the tropical coastal zone. Pages 109-121 Metals in coastal environments of Latin America. 1988 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kilar, J. A. and J. N. Norris. 1988. Composition, export, and import of drift vegetation on a tropical, plant-dominated, fringing-reef platform (Caribbean Panama). Coral Reefs 7:93-103. 1988 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Model Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lessios, H. A. 1988. Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean: what have we learned? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 371-393. 1988 South & Central America; Florida; Cayman Islands; Jamaica; Bermuda; Tobago; Belize; Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean; Mexico Mangroves; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Smith, G. W. 1988. Influence of microbial deamination on ammonium pools in marine waters. Science of the Total Environment 75:319-324. 1988 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Cuba Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Stevenson, J. C. 1988. Comparative ecology of submersed grass beds in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments. Limnology and Oceanography 33:867-893. 1988 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean CO2; Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment
Ballou, T. G., R. E. Dodge, S. C. Hess, A. H. Knap, and T. D. Sleeter. 1987. Effects of a dispersed and undispersed crude oil on mangroves, seagrasses and corals. Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Branch, G. M. and A. Pringle. 1987. The impact of the sand prawn Callianassa kraussi Stebbing on sediment turnover and on bacteria, meiofauna, and benthic microflora. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 107:219-235. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Coles, R. G., W. J. Lee Long, B. A. Squire, L. C. Squire, and J. M. Bibby. 1987. Distribution of seagrasses and associated juvenile commercial penaeid prawns in north-eastern Queensland waters. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38:103-119. 1987 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Salinity; Seagrasses
Hay, M. E., W. Fenical, and K. Gustafson. 1987. Chemical defense against diverse coral-reef herbivores. Ecology 68:1581-1591. 1987 Lab Study Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Jernakoff, P. 1987. Foraging patterns of juvenile western rock lobsters Panulirus cygnus George. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 113:125-144. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Kirkman, H. and I. H. Cook. 1987. Distribution and leaf growth of Thalassodendron pachyrhizum den Hartog in Southern Western Australia. Aquatic Botany 27:257-266. 1987 Australia Seagrasses
Ogden John, C. and MA RC Steyaert. 1987. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (Caricomp): A Regional Laboratory Network. Pages 2793-2801 in [No source information available]. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses
Poiner, I. R., D. J. Staples, and R. Kenyon. 1987. Seagrass communities of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38:121-131. 1987 Australia GIS & Maps Seagrasses
Boon, P. I. 1986. Uptake and release of nitrogen compounds in coral reef and seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers., bed sediments at Lizard Island, Queensland. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 37:19-Nov. 1986 Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Bridges, K. W. and C. McMillan. 1986. The distribution of seagrasses of Yap, Micronesia, with relation to low tide conditions. Aquatic Botany 24:403-407. 1986 Micronesia Salinity; Seagrasses
Kilar, J. A. and J. McLachlan. 1986. Ecological studies of the alga, Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Børg. (Ceramiales: Rhodophyta): Vegetative fragmentation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 104:21-Jan. 1986 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Seagrasses
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler. 1986. Plant defense associations in the marine environment. Coral Reefs 5:63-71. 1986 South & Central America; Belize Model Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nienhuis, P. H. 1986. Background levels of heavy metals in nine tropical seagrass species in Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17:508-511. 1986 Indonesia Index or Indicator Seagrasses
Parker, D. A. and M. J. Shulman. 1986. Avoiding predation: alarm responses of Caribbean sea urchins to simulated predation on conspecific and heterospecific sea urchins. Marine Biology 93:201-208. 1986 South & Central America; Caribbean Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Trott, R. J. and G. F. Warner. 1986. The biota in the marine blue holes of Andros Island. Cave Science - Transactions British Cave Research Association 13:13-19. 1986 Bahamas Seagrasses
Heijs, F. M. L. 1985. The macroalgal component in monospecific seagrass beds from Papua New Guinea. Aquatic Botany 22:291-324. 1985 Papua New Guinea Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, D. S. Littler, R. H. Sims, and J. N. Norris. 1985. The distribution, abundance and primary productivity of submerged macrophytes in a Belize barrier-reef mangrove system. Atoll Research Bulletin 1985 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Moriarty, D. J. W., P. C. Pollard, and W. G. Hunt. 1985. Temporal and spatial variation in bacterial production in the water column over a coral reef. Marine Biology 85:285-292. 1985 Australia Microorganisms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Shulman, M. J. 1985. Recruitment of coral reef fishes: effects of distribution of predators and shelter. Ecology 66:1056-1066. 1985 US Virgin Islands Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Aleem, A. A. 1984. Distribution and ecology of seagrass communities in the Western Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:919-933. 1984 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dicks, B. 1984. Oil pollution in the Red Sea - Environmental monitoring of an oilfield in a coral area, Gulf of Suez. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. 1984 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Hay, M. E. 1984. Patterns of fish and urchin grazing on Caribbean coral reefs: are previous results typical? Ecology 65:446-454. 1984 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Bahamas; Haiti; Belize; Honduras; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hay, M. E. 1984. Predictable spatial escapes from herbivory: how do these affect the evolution of herbivore resistance in tropical marine communities? Oecologia 64:396-407. 1984 South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lal, P. N. 1984. Environmental implications of coastal development in Fiji. Ambio 13:316-321. 1984 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Agriculture; Coastal Development; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Quinn, T. P. and J. C. Ogden. 1984. Field evidence of compass orientation in migrating juvenile grunts (Haemulidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 81:181-192. 1984 Field Study & Monitoring Seagrasses
Robblee, M. B. and J. C. Zieman. 1984. Diel variation in the fish fauna of a tropical seagrass feeding ground. Bulletin of Marine Science 34:335-345. 1984 US Virgin Islands Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Untawale, A. G. and T. G. Jagtap. 1984. Marine macrophytes of minicoy (Lakshadweep) coral atoll of the Arabian Sea. Aquatic Botany 19:97-103. 1984 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dicks, BR IA N. 1983. OIL POLLUTION IN THE RED SEA - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF AN OILFIELD IN A CORAL AREA, GULF OF SUEZ. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. 1983 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment
M. L., Harmelin-Vivien. 1983. (A comparative study of ichthyofauna of seagrass beds in tropical and temperate habitats). [Etude comparative de ichtyofauna des herbiers de phanerogames marines en milieu tropical et tempere.]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 38:179-210. 1983 Mozambique; Madagascar; France Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Plankton; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ogden, J. C., L. Robinson, K. Whitlock, H. Daganhardt, and R. Cebula. 1983. Diel foraging patterns in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas L.) in St. Croix United States virgin islands. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 66:199-205. 1983 US Virgin Islands Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Suchanek, T. H. 1983. Control of seagrass communities and sediment distribution by Callianassa ( Crustacea, Thalassinidea) bioturbation. Journal of Marine Research 41:281-298. 1983 US Virgin Islands Algae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Bay, D. 1982. (In situ study of the metabolism of three infralittoral benthic communities of the Aqaba Gulf- Red Sea, Halophila stipulacea). [Etude in situ du metabolisme de trois communautes benthiques infralittorales du Golfe d'Aqaba-Mer Rouge.]. Comptes Rendus des Seances - Academie des Sciences, Serie III 294:463-466. 1982 Primary Production; Seagrasses
Bridges, K. W., R. C. Phillips, and P. C. Young. 1982. Patterns of some seagrass distributions in the Torres Strait, Queensland. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33:273-283. 1982 Seagrasses
Child, C. A. 1982. Pycnogonida from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I: structure and communities 355-380. 1982 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Bermuda; Belize Algae; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Fry, B., R. Lutes, M. Northam, P. L. Parker, and J. Ogden. 1982. A 13C/12C comparison of food webs in Caribbean seagrass meadows and coral reefs. Aquatic Botany 14:389-398. 1982 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Nicaragua; Caribbean Algae; Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment
Hawkins, C. M. and J. B. Lewis. 1982. Benthic primary production on a fringing coral reef in barbados, West Indies. Aquatic Botany 12:355-363. 1982 Algae; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses
McMillan, C., K. W. Bridges, R. Logan Kock, and M. Falanruw. 1982. Fruit and seedlings of Cymodocea rotundata in yap, Micronesia. Aquatic Botany 14:99-105. 1982 Micronesia Seagrasses
Phillips, R. C., R. L. Vadas, and N. Ogden. 1982. The marine algae and seagrasses of the miskito bank, Nigaragua. Aquatic Botany 13:187-195. 1982 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Seagrasses
Thorhaug, A. and J. H. Marcus. 1982. Energy-related pollution of semi-tropical and tropical nearshore ecosystems. in [No source information available]. 1982 Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses
Bryceson, I. 1981. A review of some problems of tropical marine conservation with particular reference to the Tanzanian coast. Biological Conservation 20:163-171. 1981 Tanzania Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Shepherd, S. A. and H. B. S. Womersley. 1981. The algal and seagrass ecology of Waterloo Bay, South Australia. Aquatic Botany 11:305-371. 1981 Australia; Cuba GIS & Maps Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Tranter, D. J., N. C. Bulleid, R. Campbell, H. W. Higgins, F. Rowe, H. A. Tranter, and D. F. Smith. 1981. Nocturnal movements of phototactic zooplankton in shallow waters. Marine Biology 61:317-326. 1981 Plankton; Seagrasses
Tribble, G. W. 1981. Reef-basel herbivores and the distribution of two seagrasses (Syringodium filiforme and Thalassia testudinum) in the San Blas Islands (Western Caribbean). Marine Biology 65:277-281. 1981 South & Central America; Caribbean Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Drew, E. A. 1980. Seagrasses in the Chagos archipelago. Aquatic Botany 9:179-184. 1980 Chagos Archipelago Seagrasses; Substrate
Lesueur, P. 1980. (Dynamic aspects of sedimentation in the Bay of Cartagena, Columbia) ( coasts). [Aspects dynamiques de la sedimentation dans la Baie de Cartagena, Colombie.]. Bulletin, Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 28:143-166. 1980 Columbia Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment
Morrissey, J. 1980. Community structure and zonation of microalgae and hermatypic corals on a fringing reef flat of magnetic island (Queensland, Australia). Aquatic Botany 8:91-139. 1980 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Greenway, M. 1979. Halophila tricostata (hydrocharitaceae), a new species of seagrass from the great barrier reef region. Aquatic Botany 7:67-70. 1979 Australia Seagrasses
Kosminin, V. N. 1979. Types and zonality in structure of Seychelles islands border reefs. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva 111:500-506. 1979 Seychelles Seagrasses; Sediment
Poncet, J. 1979. Evolution sedimentaire d'une serie carbonatee de plate-forme, la serie carbonatee eodevonienne de Vire - Est du Massif armoricain - France. Sedimentary Geology 24:307-322. 1979 France Algae; Climate; Seagrasses; Sediment
Russo, A. R., S. J. Dollar, and E. A. Kay. 1979. Ecological observations off the Mokapu, Oahu, ocean outfall: a post-installation study. Water Resources Research Center, Manoa, HI. 1979 US Pacific & Hawaii Seagrasses
Weinstein, M. P. and K. L. Heck Jr. 1979. Ichthyofauna of seagrass meadows along the Caribbean coast of Panama and in the Gulf of Mexico: Composition, structure and community ecology. Marine Biology 50:97-107. 1979 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean; Mexico Seagrasses
Johannes, R. E. 1978. Reproductive strategies of coastal marine fishes in the tropics. Environmental Biology of Fishes 3:65-84. 1978 Model Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
McMillan, C. 1978. Morphogeographic variation under controlled conditions in five seagrasses, Thalassia testudinum, Halodule wrightii, Syringodium filiforme, Halophila engelmannii, and Zostera marina. Aquatic Botany 4:169-189. 1978 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Lab Study Salinity; Seagrasses
Ogden, J. C. and P. S. Lobel. 1978. The role of herbivorous fishes and urchins in coral reef communities. Environmental Biology of Fishes 3:49-63. 1978 Algae; Coralline Algae; Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Heck Jr., K. L. 1977. Comparative species richness, composition, and abundance of invertebrates in Caribbean seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) meadows (Panama). Marine Biology 41:335-348. 1977 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
Ogden, J. C. and P. R. Ehrlich. 1977. The behavior of heterotypic resting schools of juvenile grunts (Pomadasyidae). Marine Biology 42:273-280. 1977 US Virgin Islands Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Ogden, John C., and J.C. Zieman. 1977. Ecological aspects of coral reef-seagrass bed contacts in the caribbean. Pages 377-82 in Proceedings of the 3rd Int Coral Reef Sym. 1977 South & Central America; Caribbean Seagrasses
Thorhaug, A. and M. A. Roessler. 1977. Seagrass community dynamics in a subtropical estuarine lagoon. Aquaculture 12:253-277. 1977 Florida Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges
Ogden, J. C. 1976. Some aspects of herbivore-plant relationships on Caribbean reefs and seagrass beds. Aquatic Botany 2:103-116. 1976 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Oremland, R. S. 1975. Methane production in shallow-water, tropical marine sediments. Applied microbiology 30:602-608. 1975 Florida Seagrasses; Sediment
Green, J. H. 1973. The study of metal organic complexes as pollutants in marine plants and animals. Pages 99-104 in PROC.ROY.SOC.QUEENSLAND. 1973 Review Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seastars; Toxics
Qasim, S. Z. and P. M. A. Bhattathiri. 1971. Primary production of a seagrass bed on Kavaratti Atoll (Laccadives). Hydrobiologia 38:29-38. 1971 Primary Production; Seagrasses
Burkholder, P. R., L. M. Burkholder, and J. A. Rivero. 1959. Chlorophyll a in some corals and marine plants. Nature 183:1338-1339. 1959 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Fish; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses
Bruckner, A., R. Bruckner, D. D. Rivera, D. Santiago, S. P. Griffin, W. Ramirez, R. Boulon, T. Wolfe, and X. M. C. Pagan,. Coral Reef Zonation at Cayo Turrumote; Acropora palmata Assessment of Abundance Comparison of three coral survey methods; Seagrass beds; Patterns of juvenile recruitment of corals; Comparison of four reefs; Sediment patterns on the inner shelf; Comparison. University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Anemones & Zooanthids; Invertebrates; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Doropoulos, C., G. A. Hyndes, P. S. Lavery, and F. Tuya. Dietary preferences of two seagrass inhabiting gastropods: Allochthonous vs autochthonous resources. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science Australia Lab Study Algae; Seagrasses
Gladfelter, W. B., E. H. Gladfelter, R. K. Monahan, J. C. Ogden, and R. F. Dill. Environmental studies of Buck Island Reef National Monument. US Virgin Islands Seagrasses
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lewis, S. E., J. E. Brodie, Z. T. Bainbridge, K. W. Rohde, A. M. Davis, B. L. Masters, M. Maughan, M. J. Devlin, J. F. Mueller, and B. Schaffelke. Herbicides: A new threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Pollution Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ogden, J. V. and E. H. Gladfelter, editors. Coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves: their interactions in the coastal zones of the Caribbean. UNESCO Reports in Marine Science, vol. 23, Paris. South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles; Tobago; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Venezuela; Caribbean; Mexico Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Vessel Groundings This option involves assessing conditions and responding, as well as developing methodologies and protocols for coral dominated substrate, seagrass substrate, and mixed substrate. These protocols will help to determine how much damage has been done to the non-living coral framework. Ultimately, fine-tuning these protocols will allow for the most effective assessments. Evaluate these in light of current grounding regulations (#34). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Policies; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Stony Coral; Wetlands
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Coastal Construction & Development This involves assessing coral, seagrass, and hard bottom substrate that is impacted during coastal construction repair or alternation. If unacceptable damages are occurring this information will be useful in future permit decision making. If infringements have occurred, this information may be useful for compensatory mitigation and liability for restoration of those natural resources injured. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Ports & Harbors; Reef Habitat; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Special Use Permitting; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries form Derelict Vessels Semi- permanent/permanent vessels can have a negative impact on the surrounding local environment both due to the effects of shade and from the direct contact with the substrate. Sunken vessels that cannot be seen from the surface may present a danger to navigation. Derelict vessels that do not remain stationary may cause harm in multiple locations before becoming stationary. If fishing gear is still intact, it may cause further biological damage through "ghost fishing� (#283). Early response, creating mooring fields, pump-out stations, and providing support for removing derelict vessels, reduces the impact of these vessels. Also, the removal of intrusive vessels will help contribute to the restoration of reef areas to previous conditions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Military; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Stony Coral; Substrate; Transportation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Vessel Grounding Regulations In many areas, there are already regulations that target prop scarring to seagrasses and the seabed. Current boat grounding regulations should be evaluated to determine if additional regulations would be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Resource Use Management: Marine Heritage Resource Protections This management option involves protecting underwater items/sites that have historical, cultural, archaeological, or paleontological significance. This response advocates permits for action that may degrade the resource. This can be accomplished through creating an MHR field unit, monitoring MHR site degradation, and evaluating excavation and mitigation techniques. Field units can help conduct field research and coordinated, permitted research activities. Experts relating to archaeological research underwater can also be hired with additional funding. Through evaluation of excavation techniques, new technologies can be suggested such as: turbidity screens, sediment removal equipment, and seagrass restoration/relocation protocols to lead to less disturbance. Inventory and decision tools can also be used in the aid of Maritime Heritage Resource protection. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mitigation; Physical Damage; Pipelines; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Valuation; Wetlands
Restoration: Restore Reef Habitat and Salvage Benthic Inhabitants Injured by Physical Damage This management approach involves salvaging, maintenance, and re-stabilization or injured resources by management staff and private contractors in order to rescue and provide first aid following physical damage such as vessel groundings. This can be achieved using Reef Medics and other volunteer programs because these groups have experience with vessel navigation and operation, snorkeling, and SCUBA diving. Also, it allows for researchers to collect living coral material when relocation of such organisms is not possible. Salvage and re-stabilization is not limited to the living coral; octocorals, seagrasses, and the non-living framework may all be damaged of destabilized from groundings or other physical impacts. In addition to the habitat's structural integrity, it is important to re-establish aesthetics and ecological functionality. Funds from mitigation and case settlements should be used for this work, as long term costs of restoration and monitoring can be extensive. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Octocoral; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Transportation; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
25 Virgin Islands Code. Under Title 25, in addition to requirements for boat registration and administration of harbors, among other things, sections pertaining to the mooring and anchoring of vessels and houseboats provide for the protection of important marine resources in USVI waters. The Law requires mandatory boating education and safety courses for all boat operators.

Application to Coral Reefs:Mooring and anchoring are restricted and not allowed near fragile systems. Not anchoring on coral reefs is abig plus of this legislation.

Legislative Actions:Penalties for violation of the Chapter include fines not to exceed $1,000, a lien on the vessel and potential libel suit

Comments:A houseboat or vessel is allowed to moor or anchor only in those areas designated by the Department. Section 404(g) of the legislation lists areas designated as areas of special concern. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Boating Regulations; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Environmental Education & Outreach; Large Ships; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Transportation Policies
Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, 18-18 Florida Administrative Code. 18-18.001 Intent. (1) The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, the boundaries of which are fully described in Rule 18-18.002, F.A.C., was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (2) These rules shall apply to all lands public and private within the boundaries of the preserve. However, privately owned uplands shall be excluded from these rules except as otherwise provided for herein. (3) In promulgating and implementing these rules, it is the intent of the Department to construe the provisions of Sections 258.397 and 258.35 through 258.46, F.S., together and to apply the more stringent statutory provisions for the maintenance of the preserve. (4) The preserve shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserve through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserve so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the legislature in creating the preserve; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the Act and these rules, to assist in managing the preserve; (e) To encourage activities that protect or enhance the biological and aesthetic values of the preserve, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions towards their natural condition, when reviewing applications or developing and implementing management plans for the preserve; (f) To preserve and promote indigenous life forms and habitats including but not limited to sponges, soft corals, hard corals, seagrasses, mangroves, mud flats, marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, marine mammals, tropical marine invertebrates, birds and shellfish; (g) To acquire additional title interests in land wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological or aesthetic values of the preserve.

Application to Coral Reefs:Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve protection of water quality will contribute to a lowering of contaminants leaving the preserve on tides and thus limiting the contaminants that reach off-shore ecosystems including the FKNMS and the reef system within the sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter establishes the rules to protect the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, which was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Chapter 1: Wildlife including protected areas, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates hunting, including for migratory birds, wildlife restoration, establishes and regulates wildlife and marine sactuaries and game preserves.

Application to Coral Reefs:The coral reefs of the US Virgin Islands are within the boundaries off the marine sanctuaries and therefore have the same protection that marine sanctuaries have. Special licenses are required for scientific investigation and for collectors. In wildlife and marine sanctuaries, except under proper permit, taking or posessing any bird, fish, or other wildlife is illegal. Discharge of a firearm or release of arrows (spearfishing) in wildlife or marine sanctuaries is illegal. No form of waste can be thrown, placed or deposited in a wildlife or marine sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:The Commissioner or any USVI resident can commence a civil action. Civil penalties for violators are not to exceed $50,000 per day. Any knowingly or negligently discharging polluants can be crimimnally punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more

Comments:Commissioner of Planning and Natural Resources can designate and establish wildlife and marine sanctuaries, and accept monitary and animal donations from the United States. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Arthropods; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Chapter 10: Open shorelines, 12 Virgin Islands Code. The seashore has always provided recreation, meditation, and physical therapy to the residents of the USVI. The shoreline provides access to the sea and a way of life for fisherman.The law requires that the public be given access to shorelines of the USVI for use and enjoyment.

Application to Coral Reefs:The limitation on barriers, obstructions, and retraints to beach access will have a minor role in protecting coral reefs because sedimentation that would have been associated with that minor construction will not occur.

Legislative Actions:No person, firm, corporation, association or other legal entity shall create, erect, maintain, or construct any obstruction, barrier, or restraint of any nature whatsoever upon, across or within the shorelines of the USVI as defined in this section, which would interfere with the right of the public individually and collectively. to use and enjoy any shoreline.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Vertebrates; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Chapter 17: Oil soil prevention and pollution control, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Prohibits the discharge of oil, petroleum products or their by-products, and other pollutants into or upon any coastal waters, estuaries, tidal flats, beaches, and land adjoining the seacoast of the Territory. Requires prompt containment and removal of petroleum.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects ecosystems, including coral reefs, from petroleum spills and provides for cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Established the Virgin Island Coastal Protection Fund of $1,000,000 for cleanup response. Prohibits derilict vessels upon any public waters or ports. Provides for civil penaltiesup to $50,000per day. Requires a National Contingency Plan.

Comments:Because it is the intent of this chapter to provide the means for rapid and effective cleanup and to minimize damages, any licensee and its agents or servants, including vessels destined for or leaving a licensee's terminal facility, who permits or suffers a prohibited discharge or other polluting condition to take place within territorial boundaries shall be liable to the territory for all costs of cleanup or other damage incurred by the territory and for damages resulting from injury to others. The territory shall have an absolute maritime lien which shall attach to any vessel and its freight on behalf of the territory or any person injured, for all costs of cleanup and other damages incurred as a result of a prohibited discharge. In any suit to enforce claims of the territory under this chapter, it shall not be necessary for the territory to plead or prove negligence in any form or manner on the part of the licensee or any vessel. If the territory is damaged by a discharge prohibited by this chapter it need only plead and prove the fact of the prohibited discharge or other polluting condition and that it occurred. In addition to the civil penalty, the pilot and the master of any vessel or person in charge of any licensee's terminal facility who fails to give immediate notification of a discharge to the harbor master and nearest U.S. Coast Guard station shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not less than $5,000 nor more than $10,000. The Department shall, by rules and regulations, require that the licensee designate a person at the terminal facility who shall be the person in charge of that facility for the purposes specified by this section. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Water Resources
Chapter 2: Protection of indigenous, endangered and threatened fish, wildlife and plants, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates activities, including scientific research, that could affect indigenous species and species considered at risk (threatened) or endangered, establishes species of special concern and habitats that should be protected, requires permits for trimming mangroves

Application to Coral Reefs:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Legislative Actions:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Chapter 21: Virgin Islands coastal zone management, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Protect, maintain, preserve and, where feasible, enhance and restore, the overall quality of the environment in the coastal zone, the natural and man-made resources therein, and the scenic and historic resources of the coastal zone for he benefit of residents of and visitors of the USVI

Application to Coral Reefs:The Legislature stated coastal zone protection will conserve ecologically significant resource areas for their contribution to marine productivity and value as wildlife habitats, and preserve the function and integrity of reefs, marine meadows, salt ponds, mangroves and other significant natural areas. The legislation will also maintain or increase coastal water quality through control of erosion, sedimentation, runoff, siltation and sewage discharge.

Legislative Actions:Any violation of the chapter will be grounds for revocation or suspension of coastal zone permit and an order to cease and desist. Any person who violates any provision of the chapter shall be subject to a civil fine not to exceed $10,000 per day. Exemplary damages may be assessed at the discretion of the court.

Comments:Section 908 of the law shows Coastal Zone Boundaries. Section 909 shows areas of special concern. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring
Chapter 9A: Commercial fishing, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Establishes regulations to preserve, manage and protect fishery resources through regulation of fishing in marine, estuarine, and freshwaters

Application to Coral Reefs:"Subject to the provisions of federal laws pertaining to the proprietary rights of the Government of the United States, all species of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, animals, plants and all other species comprising the marine, estuarine, and freshwater fauna and flora within the jurisdiction of the territory, excluding all privately owned ponds not exceeding fifty (50) acres, are hereby declared to be the property of the Government of the United Stattes Virgin islands and of common ownership and public use. They may be freely fished, caught, utilized od traded, subjec t to the limitations of this chapter and the rules and regulations for its enforcement."

Legislative Actions:Conservation Officers can board vessels to inspect catches and can lift 'pots' from the water to inspect their contents. Violations are a misdemeaner with a fine of not more than $500.

Comments:"Subject to the provisions of federal laws pertaining to the proprietary rights of the Government of the United States, all beds and bottoms of navigable rivers, streams, lagoons, lakes, sounds, inlets, bays, roadsteads, harbors, oceans, seas or other bodies of water within the jurisdiction of the territory shall be the property of the territory except such as may be held under some grant or alienation heretofore made. No grant, sale, lease or other conveyance of any water bottom shall hereafter be made by the territory or any official thereof." 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Clean Water Act of 1974, 33 United States Code § 1252. To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act can be used to establish water quality standards for the disharge of pollutants into surface waters. Section 101 (3) stated that it will be the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts will be prohibited. The legislation employs a variety of regulatory and nonregulatory tools to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. The tools are employed to achieve the broad goal of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters so they can support "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water."

Legislative Actions:During the late 1980's, the program shifted from program-by-program, source by source, pollutant-by-pollutant approach to more holistic water-shed strategies. Under the watershed approach equal emphasis is placed on protecting healthy waters and restoring impaired waters. Also during the 1980's, voluntary programs for nonpoint runoff and regulatory programs for wet weather point sources began to be addressed.

Comments:The Federal Water Pollution Contrl Act Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500, replaced the previous language of the Act entirely, including the Water Quality Act of 1965, the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, all of which had been amendments of the Water Pollution Control Act first passed in 1956. The 1977 amendments, PL 95-217, further amended PL 92-500. 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territories 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Drinking Water Supply; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended through 2004,. A voluntary national program to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans and requires that "any federal activity within or outside of the coastal zone that affects any land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone" shall be "consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the enforceable policies" of a state's coastal zone management plan. The law includes an Enhancement Grants program for protecting, restoring, or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands. It also establishes the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, guidelines for estuarine research, and financial assistance for land acquisition.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present.

Legislative Actions:The 1985 amendments (PL 99-272) established the National Estuarine Reserve Research System a State-Federal process for designating national reserves and guidelines for estuarine research.The 1990 amendments (PL 101-508) established new Enhancement Grants for eight specific areas, including protecting, restoring or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands and assessing the cumulative effects of coastal development on coastal wetlands and fishery resource. Also, the 1990 statute established a new Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The 1998 and 2004 (PL 105-383 and PL 108-456) established a program for the prevention and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia, and included authorization for a representative of the Department of Interior to assess the economic and ecological impacts of algal blooms and hypoxia.

Comments:If implemented, the programs for economic, ecological and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia would be useful for coral reef issues. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Economic Markets & Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Environmental resource permitting procedures, 62-343 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2003). The rule provides the procedural requirements for processing environmental resource permits and obtaining formal determinations of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring permits for projects related to environmental resources will indirectly protect environmental habitats. The permits are related to stormwater managemnt systems including discharges to wetlands. The permit conditions can limit toxics, nutrients and sediment that would be discharged to the environment if the rule were not in place.

Legislative Actions:The rule is procedural and does not have fines or penalties.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Permitting & Zoning; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Estuaries Protection Act of 1968, 16 United States Code §§ 1221-1226. Authorizes the Secretary of Interior in cooperation with other federal agencies and the states, to study and inventory estuaries of the united states, including land and water of the Great Lakes, and to determine whether such areas should be acquired for protection. The Secretary is also requied to encourage state and local governments to consider the importance of estuaries in their planning activities relative to federal natural resources grants.

Application to Coral Reefs:Established the congressional policy on the values of wetlands and the need to conserve their natural resources. Protection of wetlands provide coral reefs with an indirect benefit as the wetland serves the functions of nutrient removal and sediment containment

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Secretary of Interior in conjunction with other federal agencies and States

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Exec. Order No. 11990, Protection of Wetlands, 42 Federal Register 26961 (1977). Federal agencies are directed to provide leadership and take action to minimize the destruction, loss, or degradation of wetland and to preserve and enhance the natural and beneficial uses of wetlands.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and restoration of wetlands benefits coral reefs because wetlands stop nutrients and sediments from entering waterbodies and eventually reaching coral reefs and producing adverse effects.

Legislative Actions:The Order protects wetlands on projects on Federal lands. The agencies are to provide leadership to minimize the destruction, loss or degradation of wetlands, to preserve and enhance natural and beneficial values when carrying our their responsibilities.

Comments: 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Public Administration; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetlands
Florida Aquatic Preserves, 18-20 Florida Administrative Code. 18-20.001 Intent. (1) All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. (2) Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (3) The preserves shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance these exceptional areas of sovereignty submerged lands by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserves through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserves so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating, and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the Legislature in creating the preserves; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the act and these rules, and to assist in managing the preserves; (e) To encourage the protection, enhancement or restoration of the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions toward their natural condition, and discourage activities which would degrade the aesthetic, biological, or scientific values, or the quality, or utility of a preserve, when reviewing applications, or when developing and implementing management plans for the preserves; (f) To preserve, promote, and utilize indigenous life forms and habitats, including but not limited to: sponges, soft coral, hard corals, submerged grasses, mangroves, salt water marshes, fresh water marshes, mud flats, estuarine, aquatic, and marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, estuarine, aquatic and marine invertebrates, estuarine, aquatic and marine mammals, birds, shellfish and mollusks; (g) To acquire additional title interests in lands wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves; (h) To maintain those beneficial hydrologic and biologic functions, the benefits of which accrue to the public at large. (4) Nothing in these rules shall serve to eliminate or alter the requirements or authority of other governmental agencies, including counties and municipalities, to protect or enhance the preserves provided that such requirements or authority are not inconsistent with the act and this chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:By maintaining coastal aquatic preserves in their natural condition, mangrove forests, wetlands and submerged aquatic vegetation will perform the functions of being sediment traps and removing some contaminants such as nutrients. Therefore, they will not reach marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.  All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Waste Management Policies
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Final Rule, Code of Federal Regulations § Parts 922, 929, 937 (1997). NOAA developed the comprehensive Final Management Plan for the FKNMS and issued the Plan on January 30, 1997. Congress and the Governer of Florida were provided a 45-day period to provide certification of unacceptable regulations that needed amendments. NOAA incorporated the certified changes provided and issued the final regulations and management plan for the Sanctuary that went into effect with the publication of the final rule, including waters within the State of Florida in the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the third largest barrier coral reef in the world. Included in the FKNMS are the Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 square nautical miles of coral reefs. The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive. The Act protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, further protecting coral, mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act requires the preparation of a comprehensive management plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:The final rule codifies the Act and further defines boundaries of the Sanctuary as well as providing a list of species protected in the Sanctuary. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Protections; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Large Ships; Live Collection; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
General permit for activities seaward of the coastal construction control line, 62B-34 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2010). To implement the provisions of Section 161.053(19) F. S. providing General Permits for activities performed seaward of the Coastal Construction Control line. Persons wishing to use one or more of the General Permits as set forth in Part II of this rule chapter shall be subject to the notice provisions of subsection 62B-34.030(4) F. A. C. before any activity is conducted as authorized herein.The general conditions provided pursuant to Section 62-B34-0.50, F. A. C. , shall apply to all of the General Permits issued under this rule chapter. Strict compliance with all of the terms, conditions, requirements, limitations, and restrictions applicable to a desired General Permit under this rule chapter is required to qualify for such a permit.

Application to Coral Reefs:The rule requires erosion control BMP. Therefore, sediment from construction will not enter the marine environment and damage coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Civil fines are applicable for work done that was not authorized in the permit.

Comments: 		Florida Departrment of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring
Joint Coastal Permits and Concurrent Processing of Proprietary Authorizations, 62B-049 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. In the event that there is a conflict between the procedural requirements of this chapter and other procedural rules promulgated pursuant to the referenced statutes, then this chapter shall govern. The standards and criteria for issuance of joint coastal permits include the criteria for environmental resource or wetland resource permits pursuant to Chapter 62-312, F.A.C., and the rules adopted under Chapter 62-330, F.A.C., the coastal construction criteria pursuant to Chapter 62B-41, F.A.C., and any specific criteria for issuance of a joint coastal permit listed in this chapter. The criteria for the associated proprietary authorizations are found in Chapters 18-18, 18-20, 18-21, F.A.C. Specific Authority 161.055, 373.427 FS. Law Implemented 161.041, 161.055, 373.427 FS. History�New 10-12-95, Amended 2-19-98, 5-17-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring a permit with regulatory review of the construction project, in a joint review of wetland and submerged land issues, will assist in minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts from the work and such potential detrimental portions of the project (e.g. sedimentation) will not enter the marine environment resulting in ecosystem damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 33 United States Code § 1401. To regulate the dumping of all types of materials into ocean waters and to prevent or strictly limit the dumping into ocean waters of any material which would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities. To regulate (1) the transportation by any person of material from the United States and, in the case of United States vessels, aircraft, or agencies, the transportation of material from a location outside the United States, when in either case the transportation is for the purpose of dumping the material into ocean waters, and (2) the dumping of material transported by any person from a location outside the United States, if the dumping occurs in the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the United States.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act has been historically used to regulate dumping of dredged materials and sewage sludge into the marine environment. The law intends to improve the conservation, understanding, management, and wise and sustainable use of marine resources, enhance public awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the marine environment, and to maintain for future generations the habitat, and ecologigal services, of the natural assemblage of living resources that inhabit those areas. Because permits are required, it can be assumed that dumping would not be allowed if the material would be dispersed into a sensitive habitat such as coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:EPA may assess an administrative civil penalty up to $50,000 per person. Higher penalties can be assessed for dumping medical waste (up to $125,000). Each day in violation constitutes a separate offense. Continuing violations can suffer criminal penalties with fines and up to five years imprisionment possible.

Comments:The Act has played a major role in regulating the disposal of dredged material into the ocean environment. However, medical and radioactive wastes, industrial wastes, as well as sewage sludge, are also regulated in the law. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biocriteria; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1431-1445. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to designate and manage areas of the marine environment with special national significance due to their conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational, or esthetic qualities as National Marine Sanctuaries.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels, or unique habitats.

Legislative Actions:NOAA may impose civil penalties up tp $130,000 per day per violation. Criminal penalties were added in the 2000 amendments for interfering or resisting with any enforcement of the NMSA, or providing false information to the Secretary or any officer authorized to enforce NMSA. The 2000 amendments made it illegal to offer for sale, purchase, import, or export, any sanctuary resource and increased enforcement authority.

Comments:There are 13 marine sanctuaries in the National Marine Sactuary System, six of which were created after 1990. Each sanctuary has a separarte staff and program in its local region. 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; CO2; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Corporate Responses; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Political Pressure; Recreational Opportunities; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
National Park Service, Department of Interior,. To conserve the scenery, natural and historic objects, and wildlife of the National Parks; and to provide for the enjoyment of those resources in a sustainable manner. Regulations provide for the proper use, management, government, and protection of persons, property, and natural and cultural resources within areas under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies
Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 33 United States Code §§ 2701 et seq. Established limitations on liability for damages resulting from oil pollution, established a fund for the payment of compensation for such damages, mandated the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan to provide organizational structure and procedures for responding to spills.

Application to Coral Reefs:In the event of an oil spill that contaminates a coral reef, the Act could be used to determine liability and provide funds for rapid cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Can provide fines for failing to notify the appropriate federal agency of a maximum of $250,000 per day for an individual and a maximum of $500,000 for an organization. Civil penalties are authorized at $25,000 per day of violation or $1,000 per barrel of oil discharged. Prison sentences up to a maximum of fifteen years can be imposed on violators.

Comments:The Act was signed in 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdex incident. The Act improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and and provided the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills. The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was established and provided up to one billion dollars per spill incident. 		US Coast Guard/US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters 		Chemical Variables; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Non-point Source Controls; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Toxics; Wetlands
Proclamation No. 7392, The Buck Island Reef National Park, 66 Federal Register 7335-7336 (2001). 18,000 acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:The Proclamation expanded the original momument thus protecting additional coral reefs within the monument boundaries.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Proclamation No. 7399, Establishment of Virgin Islands Coral Reef National monument, 66 Federal Register 7364 (2001). Designated 12,000 marine acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:Monuments include coral reefs thereby providing the coral reefs within the monument bondaries the same protection as the designated monument areas.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Commercial Fishing Boats; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Rules and Procedures for Coastal Construction and Excavation, 62B-033 Florida Administrative Code (2008). (1) The beach and dune system is an integral part of the coastal system and represents one of the most valuable natural resources in Florida, providing protection to adjacent upland properties, recreational areas, and habitat for wildlife. A coastal construction control line (CCCL) is intended to define that portion of the beach and dune system which is subject to severe fluctuations caused by a 100-year storm surge, storm waves, or other forces such as wind, wave, or water level changes. These fluctuations are a necessary part of the natural functioning of the coastal system and are essential to post-storm recovery, long term stability, and the preservation of the beach and dune system. However, imprudent human activities can adversely interfere with these natural processes and alter the integrity and functioning of the beach and dune system. The control line and 50-foot setback call attention to the special hazards and impacts associated with the use of such property, but do not preclude all development or alteration of coastal property seaward of such lines. (2) In order to demonstrate that construction is eligible for a permit, the applicant shall provide the Department with sufficient information pertaining to the proposed project to show that adverse and other impacts associated with the construction have been minimized and that the construction will not result in a significant adverse impact. (3) After reviewing all information required pursuant to this rule chapter, the Department shall: (a) Deny any application for an activity which either individually or cumulatively would result in a significant adverse impact including potential cumulative effects. In assessing the cumulative effects of a proposed activity, the Department shall consider the short-term and long-term impacts and the direct and indirect impacts the activity would cause in combination with existing structures in the area and any other similar activities already permitted or for which a permit application is pending within the same fixed coastal cell. The impact assessment shall include the anticipated effects of the construction on the coastal system and marine turtles. Each application shall be evaluated on its own merits in making a permit decision; therefore, a decision by the Department to grant a permit shall not constitute a commitment to permit additional similar construction within the same fixed coastal cell. (b) Deny any application for an activity where the project has not met the Department�s siting and design criteria; has not minimized adverse and other impacts, including stormwater runoff; or has not provided mitigation of adverse impacts. (4) The Department shall issue a permit for construction which an applicant has shown to be clearly justified by demonstrating that all standards, guidelines, and other requirements set forth in the applicable provisions of Part I, Chapter 161, F.S., and this rule chapter are met, including the following: (a) The construction will not result in removal or destruction of native vegetation which will either destabilize a frontal, primary, or significant dune or cause a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system due to increased erosion by wind or water; (b) The construction will not result in removal or disturbance of in situ sandy soils of the beach and dune system to such a degree that a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system would result from either reducing the existing ability of the system to resist erosion during a storm or lowering existing levels of storm protection to upland properties and structures; (c) The construction will not direct discharges of water or other fluids in a seaward direction and in a manner that would result in significant adverse impacts. Forthe purposes of this rule section, construction shall be designed so as to minimize erosion induced surface water runoff within the beach and dune system and to prevent additional seaward or off-site discharges associated with a coastal storm event. (d) The construction will not result in the net excavation of the in situ sandy soils seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback; (e) The construction will not cause an increase in structure-induced scour of such magnitude during a storm that the structure-induced scour would result in a significant adverse impact; (f) The construction will minimize the potential for wind and waterborne missiles during a storm; (g) The activity will not interfere with public access, as defined in Section 161.021, F.S.; and (h) The construction will not cause a significant adverse impact to marine turtles, or the coastal system. (5) In order for a manmade frontal dune to be considered as a frontal dune defined under Section 161.053(6)(a)1., F.S., the manmade frontal dune shall be constructed to meet or exceed the protective value afforded by the natural frontal dune system in the immediate area of the subject shoreline. Prior to the issuance of a permit for a single-family dwelling meeting the criteria of Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., the manmade frontal dune must be maintained for a minimum of 12 months and be demonstrated to be as stable and sustainable as the natural frontal dune system. (6) Sandy material excavated seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback shall be maintained on site seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback and be placed in the immediate area of construction unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Department. (7) Swimming pools, wading pools, waterfalls, spas, or similar type water structures are expendable structures and shall be sited so that their failure does not have adverse impact on the beach and dune system, any adjoining major structures, or any coastal protection structure. Pools sited within close proximity to a significant dune shall be elevated either partially or totally above the original grade to minimize excavation and shall not cause a net loss of material from the immediate area of the pool. All pools shall be designed to minimize any permanent excavation seaward of the CCCL. (8) Major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the beach and frontal dune to permit natural shoreline fluctuations, to preserve and protect beach and dune system stability, and to allow natural recovery to occur following storm-induced erosion. Where a rigid coastal structure exists, proposed major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the rigid coastal structure to allow for future maintenance or repair of the rigid coastal structure. Although fishing piers shall be exempt from this provision, their foundation piles shall be located so as to allow for the maintenance and repair of any rigid coastal structure that is located in close proximity to the pier.(9) If in the immediate area a number of existing major structures have established a reasonably continuous and uniform construction line and if the existing structures have not been unduly affected by erosion, except where not allowed by the requirements of Section 161.053(6), F.S., and this rule chapter, the Department shall issue a permit for the construction of a similar structure up to that line. (10) In considering applications for single-family dwellings proposed to be located seaward of the 30-year erosion projection pursuant to Section 161.053(6), F.S., the Department shall require structures to meet criteria in Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., and all other siting and design criteria established in this rule chapter. (11) In considering project impacts to native salt-tolerant vegetation, the Department shall evaluate the type and extent of native salt-tolerant vegetation, the degree and extent of disturbance by invasive nuisance species and mechanical and other activities, the protective value to adjacent structures and natural plant communities, the protective value to the beach and dune system, and the impacts to marine turtle nesting and hatchlings. The Department shall restrict activities that lower the protective value of natural and intact beach and dune, coastal strand, and maritime hammock plant communities. Activities that result in the removal of protective root systems or reduce the vegetation�s sand trapping and stabilizing properties of salt tolerant vegetation are considered to lower its protective value. Construction shall be located, where practicable, in previously disturbed areas or areas with non-native vegetation in lieu of areas of native plant communities when the placement does not increase adverse impact to the beach and dune system. Planting of invasive nuisance plants, such as those listed in the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council�s 2005 List of Invasive Species � Categories I and II, will not be authorized if the planting will result in removal or destruction of existing dune-stabilizing native vegetation or if the planting is to occur on or seaward of the dune system. A copy of this list is available on the Internet at www.fleppc.org; or can be obtained by writing to the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Mail Station 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000; or by telephoning (850) 488-7708. Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction and the remediation of construction impacts shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect native salt-tolerant vegetation and native plant communities. A construction fence, a designated location for construction access or storage of equipment and materials, and a restoration plan shall be required if necessary for protection of existing native salt-tolerant vegetation during construction. (12) Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. In marine turtle nesting areas, all forms of lighting shall be shielded or otherwise designed so as not to disturb marine turtles. Tinted glass or similar light control measures shall be used for windows and doors which are visible from the nesting areas of the beach. The Department shall suspend any permitted construction when the permittee has not provided the required protection for marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation of coastal construction through permit review and modification will protect coastal ecosystems from degradation and loss and in doing so protects other marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Chapter 62B-33 Florida Administrative Code, provides the design and siting requirements that must be met to obtain a coastal construction control line permit.Approval or denial of a permit application is based upon a review of the potential impacts to the beach dune system, adjacentproperties, native salt resistant vegetation, and marine turtles.

Comments:The Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) is an essential element of Florida's coastal management program. It provides protection for Florida's beaches and dunes while assuring reasonable use of private property. Recognizing the value of the state's beaches, the Florida legislature initiated the Coastal Construction Contorl Line Program to protect the coastal system from improperly sited and designed structures which can destabilize or destroy the beach and dune system. Once destabilized, the valuable natural resources are lost, as are its important values for recreation, upland property protection and environmental habitat. Adoption of a coastal construction line establishes an area of jurisdiction in which special siting and design criteria are applied for construction and related activities.These standards may be more stringent than those already applied in the rest of the coastal building zone because of the greater forces expected to occur in the more seaward zone of the beach during a storm event. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Beach & Land Formation; Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Cruise Ships; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level
Significant amendments to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 include (1) Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990, (2) Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000, (3) Coastal Barriers Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005,. (1) Added additional areas along the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys and the Virgin Islands and established "Otherwise Protected Areas OPAs); (2) amended the guidelines for making recommendations regarding additions to the CBRS and reqired a pilot digital mapping project; (3) reauthorized CBRA and required the submission of the final digital mapping pilot project.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restricted most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals   		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Forestry; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection
Significant amendments to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972. Amendments of 1980 were PL 96-332, 1984 were PL98-498, 1988 were Title II of PL 100-627, 1992 were PL 102-587, 1996 were PL 104-283 and for 2000 were PL106-513,. Title III of the Marine Protection, Reseach and Sanctuaries Act was amended to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The amendments of 1980 mandated the terms of designation to include the geographic area included within the sanctuary and the characteristics of the area that give it conservation, recreational, ecological, or esthetic value, and the types of activities that would be subject to regulation to protect those characteristics. The 1984 amendments required a Resource Assessment Report documenting present and potential use of the area. 1998 amendments established a special use permit for commercial operations, added a section that a vessel or person causing damage to the resources of a sanctuary would be liable for both response and cleanup costs as well as damages for any sanctuary resource destroyed. Amendments of 1992 provided that Title III may be cited as 'The National Marine Sanctuaries Act." Also, federal agencies had to be consistent with the National Environmental Policy Act in commenting on proposed designations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Strenghtened the protectinon of marine sanctuaries and their resources. Some specific purposes of the Act that add to coral reef protection include; to identify and designate national marine sanctuaries of the marine environment, to maintain the natural b

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Construction Codes & Projects; Coral; Cruise Ships; Deforestation & Devegetation; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Surface water quality standards in table format, 62.302.500 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). This section of Chapter 62-302 presents the water quality standards in a tabular format for each class of waters of the State.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
The DPNR states that wetlands in the Virgin Islands are covered by the Clean water Act and the Endangered and Indigenous Species Act of 1990 (Title 12, Chapter 2, US Virgin Island Code,. To protect wetlands and wetland species from degradation, loss as a result of dredging and filling.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of wetlands assists in controlling sedimentation and nutrient runoff from terrstrial locations, thus protecting coral reefs that are influenced by terrestrial sources.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:The wetlands portion of the USVI Division of Environmental Protection website was under construction at the time of this atlas preparation.  However, it appears that DEP works with the USACE and USEPA on matters related to wetlands. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Wetlands
The Sustainable Fisheries Act, 23 §§ 104-297 (1996). To amend the Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act to authorize appropriations, to provide for sustainable fisheries, and for other purposes.

Application to Coral Reefs:The law recogonizes that direct and indirect habitat losses have resulted in a diminshed capacity to support existing fish levels. Habitat considerations should receive increased attention for conservation and management of fishery resources in the United States. Therefore, the Act encourages, though not indirectly, the protection of coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Economic Markets & Policies; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-345 (2005). Establishes a methodology that provides a standard procedure for assessing the functions provided by wetlands and other surface waters, the amount that those functions are reduced by a proposed impact, and the amount of mitigation necessary to offset that loss.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting wetlands provides wetland areas that can act as buffers against nutrients, pollutants and contaminants from reaching habitats including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is administrative and provides methods to assess wetland value and appropriate mitigation to offset impact.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands
Wetland applications, 62-611 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To provide qualitative and quantitative design criteria discharge limits, permitting requirements, and monitoring requirements for wetlands, man-made and natural, receiving domestic wastewater.

Application to Coral Reefs:Because wetlands act as buffers and remove nutrients from contaminated water, in many case the nutrients will not reach the estuarine and marine environments and potentially have an adverse effect on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative in nature and specific pollutant limits and monitoring requirements are specified in individual permits

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge

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