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ReefLink Database

Large Herbivorous Fish

Large Herbivorous Fish

Large herbivorous fish are any large bodied fish that primarily feed on algae, such as parrotfish and chubs.

CMap

Apex Fish Predators, are fish that are at the top of the food chain with virtually no predators of their own, such as sharks, barracudas, morays, and jacks. Aquarium Stock is aquatic life that humans collect for sale to commercial aquariums or individual hobbyists. Biocriteria are narrative expressions or numeric values that describe the biological condition (structure and function) of aquatic communities inhabiting waters of a designated aquatic life use. Biological Addition refers to anthropogenic inputs of a biological nature into the reef ecosystem, including artificial habitat, domestic animal waste, supplemental feeding, and escape or release of non-native species. Biological Harvest is the collection of living things from the ecosystem for recreation, consumption, or sale of marine products. Biological monitoring is the use of a biological entity as a detector and its response as a measure to determine environmental conditions. Biological monitoring, mapping, and scientific research are activities to track the condition of populations, communities, and habitat, and to understand the processes, stressors, and ecological interactions that affect that condition. Complex habitat and resources reflects the complex architecture of sessile, plant-like organisms, such as octocoral and sponges, which provides shelter and protection for small fish and other invertebrates from predators. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Coral is a colonial marine animal consisting of polyps. Corallivorous fish are fish whose diet primarily consists of live coral. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Designating protected species is the process of legally establishing a species as threatened, endangered, or of special concern, often requiring that critical habitat must be designated as well and recovery plans implemented. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Finfish and shellfish stock are fish (e.g., groupers and snappers) and invertebrates (e.g., lobster, crab, conch, octopus, squid, and bivalves) that are harvested for human consumption as seafood. Fish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills and usually have scales. Fleshy macroalgae is any large algae which does not deposit calcium carbonate in it's tissues. Invasive species are plants, animals, or other organisms that are foreign to a particular environment, and whose introduction may be detrimental when invasives compete with or consume native species. An Invertebrate is any animal that lacks a backbone. Invertivorous fish are fish that primarily feed on invertebrates. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Large herbivorous fish are any large bodied fish that primarily feed on algae, such as parrotfish and chubs. Marine products are non-food goods derived from reefs that promote human well-being (e.g, aquarium fish or ornamental resources) and human health (e.g., pharmaceuticals and cosmetics). Marine vertebrates are aquatic animals with a backbone, such as sea turtles, whales, dolphins and marine birds. Microorganisms are microscopic plants or animals, such as cyanobacteria and disease-causing pathogens that live in coral reef ecosystems. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Piscivorous fish are fish that primarily feed on other fish, such as snapper and grouper. Planktivorous Fish are fish that feed primarily on plankton. Plankton are any plants or animals that are too small to actively move against ocean currents. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Small herbivorous fish are small bodied fish species, such as damselfish, tangs, and surgeonfish that primarily feed on algae. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Sponges are sessile colonial animals with soft porous bodies supported by a fibrous skeletal framework. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Turf algae is a type of low growing algae in reefs. Wetland and reef restoration are activities to directly improve, reestablish, or repair degraded ecosystems. A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally.

CMap Description

The fish found on coral reefs are essential for coastal communities and extremely important in the wider world. Large herbivorous fish, such as many species of parrotfish, graze macroalgae and render a critical supporting service in maintaining the reef habitat. In turn, the reef life provides the supporting service of complex habitat & resources for the benefit of all fish. Also, a few large herbivorous fish species are important as aquarium stock. Many large herbivorous fish species contribute to the provisioning service, and all species are important to the cultural services of coral reefs. Wetlands provide nursery habitat that supports the fish community. Large herbivorous fish are consumed by piscivorous fish, apex fish predators, and marine mammals and reptiles. In addition, large herbivorous fish are stressed or killed by competing invasive species, disease- causing microorganisms, and a disturbed physical & chemical environment. Socio-economic drivers lead to the removal & mortality through fishing pressures and behavior modifications through supplemental feeding. Biological monitoring, mapping, research, and restoration is paramount to ensure the flow of services from reef fish.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Adam, TC; Schmitt, RJ; Holbrook, SJ; Brooks, AJ; Edmunds, PJ; Carpenter, RC; Bernardi, G. 2011. Herbivory, Connectivity, and Ecosystem Resilience: Response of a Coral Reef to a Large-Scale Perturbation. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Afeworki, Y; Bruggemann, JH; Videler, JJ. 2011. Limited flexibility in resource use in a coral reef grazer foraging on seasonally changing algal communities. Coral Reefs 30:109-122. 2011 Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Bejarano, S; Mumby, PJ; Sotheran, I. 2011. Predicting structural complexity of reefs and fish abundance using acoustic remote sensing (RoxAnn). Marine Biology 158:489-504. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Bellwood, DR; Choat, JH. 2011. Dangerous demographics: the lack of juvenile humphead parrotfishes Bolbometopon muricatum on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 30:549-554. 2011 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Bhattacharyya, J; Pal, S. 2011. Coexistence of competing predators in a coral reef ecosystem. Nonlinear Analysis - Real World Applications 12:965-978. 2011 Model Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Plankton
Bonaldo, RM; Bellwood, DR. 2011. Parrotfish predation on massive Porites on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 30:259-269. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Bonaldo, RM; Krajewski, JP; Bellwood, DR. 2011. Relative impact of parrotfish grazing scars on massive Porites corals at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 423:223-233. 2011 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Burkepile, DE; Hay, ME. 2011. Feeding complementarity versus redundancy among herbivorous fishes on a Caribbean reef. Coral Reefs 30:351-362. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
DeMartini, EE; Anderson, TW; Friedlander, AM; Beets, JP. 2011. Predator biomass, prey density, and species composition effects on group size in recruit coral reef fishes. Marine Biology 158:2437-2447. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Fitzpatrick, JM; Carlon, DB; Lippe, C; Robertson, DR. 2011. The West Pacific diversity hotspot as a source or sink for new species? Population genetic insights from the Indo-Pacific parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus. Molecular Ecology 20:219-234. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Grutter, AS; Rumney, JG; Sinclair-Taylor, T; Waldie, P; Franklin, CE. 2011. Fish mucous cocoons: the 'mosquito nets' of the sea. Biology Letters 7:292-294. 2011 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Gullstrom, M; Berkstrom, C; Ohman, MC; Bodin, M; Dahlberg, M. 2011. Scale-dependent patterns of variability of a grazing parrotfish (Leptoscarus vaigiensis) in a tropical seagrass-dominated seascape. Marine Biology 158:1483-1495. 2011 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ilves, KL; Kellogg, LL; Quattrini, AM; Chaplin, GW; Hertler, H; Lundberg, JG. 2011. Assessing 50-Year Change In Bahamian Reef Fish Assemblages: Evidence For Community Response To Recent Disturbance? Bulletin of Marine Science 87:567-588. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Bahamas; India; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invasive Species; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral
Ishihara, T; Tachihara, K. 2011. Pelagic Larval Duration and Settlement Size of Apogonidae, Labridae, Scaridae, and Tripterygiidae Species in a Coral Lagoon of Okinawa Island, Southern Japan. Pacific Science 65:87-93. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Japan Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Konow, N; Bellwood, DR. 2011. Evolution of High Trophic Diversity Based on Limited Functional Disparity in the Feeding Apparatus of Marine Angelfishes (f. Pomacanthidae). PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Corallivorous Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lefevre, CD; Bellwood, DR. 2011. Temporal variation in coral reef ecosystem processes: herbivory of macroalgae by fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 422. 2011 Australia Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish
Miller, BM; McDonnell, LH; Sanders, DJ; Lewtas, KLM; Turgeon, K; Kramer, DL. 2011. Locomotor compensation in the sea: body size affects escape gait in parrotfish. Animal Behaviour 82:1109-1116. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Molloy, PP; Paddack, MJ; Reynolds, JD; Gage, MJG; Cote, IM. 2011. Relative size-at-sex-change in parrotfishes across the Caribbean: is there variance in a supposed life-history invariant? Evolutionary Ecology 25:429-446. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Munoz, RC; Currin, CA; Whitfield, PE. 2011. Diet of invasive lionfish on hard bottom reefs of the Southeast USA: insights from stomach contents and stable isotopes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 432:181-U494. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Cuba; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish
Thomas, S; Sreeram, MP; Kakati, VS; Manisseri, MK; George, RM. 2011. Coral fish diversity in Netrani waters off Murudeshwar Karnataka, south India. Indian Journal Of Fisheries 58:45-51. 2011 India Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Venera-Ponton, DE; Diaz-Pulido, G; McCook, LJ; Rangel-Campo, A. 2011. Macroalgae reduce growth of juvenile corals but protect them from parrotfish damage. Marine Ecology Progress Series 421:109-115. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Arnold, S. N., R. S. Steneck, and P. J. Mumby. 2010. Running the gauntlet: inhibitory effects of algal turfs on the processes of coral recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414:91-105. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Worms; Pathogens; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Aswani, S. and A. Sabetian. 2010. Implications of Urbanization for Artisanal Parrotfish Fisheries in the Western Solomon Islands. Conservation Biology 24:520-530. 2010 Solomon Islands Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Barbour, A. B., M. L. Montgomery, A. A. Adamson, E. Diaz-Ferguson, and B. R. Silliman. 2010. Mangrove use by the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:291-294. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Burkepile, D. E. and M . E. Hay. 2010. Impact of herbivore identity on algal succession and coral growth on a Caribbean reef. PLoS One 5:e8963. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Cebrian, E. 2010. Grazing on coral reefs facilitates growth of the excavating sponge Cliona orientalis (Clionaidae, Hadromerida). Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 31:533-538. 2010 Australia Algae; Boring Sponges; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Primary Production; Sponges; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Cheal, A. J., M. A. MacNeil, E. Cripps, M. J. Emslie, M. Jonker, B. Schaffelke, and H. Sweatman. 2010. Coral-macroalgal phase shifts or reef resilience: links with diversity and functional roles of herbivorous fishes on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 29:1005-1015. 2010 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Croquer, A., D. Debrot, E. Klein, M. Kurten, S. Rodriguez, and C. Bastidas. 2010. What can two years of monitoring tell us about Venezuelan coral reefs? The Southern Tropical America node of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (STA-GCRMN). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:51-65. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Stony Coral
DeMartini, E. E., T. W. Anderson, J. C. Kenyon, J. P. Beets, and A. M. Friedlander. 2010. Management implications of juvenile reef fish habitat preferences and coral susceptibility to stressors. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:532-540. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Stony Coral
Francini, R. B., C. M. Ferreira, E. O. Coni, R. L. De Moura, and L. Kaufman. 2010. Foraging activity of roving herbivorous reef fish (Acanthuridae and Scaridae) in eastern Brazil: influence of resource availability and interference competition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:481-492. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Garcia-Sais, J. R. 2010. Reef habitats and associated sessile-benthic and fish assemblages across a euphotic-mesophotic depth gradient in Isla Desecheo, Puerto Rico. Coral Reefs 29:277-288. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sponges; Stony Coral
Goatley, C. H. R. and D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Biologically mediated sediment fluxes on coral reefs: sediment removal and off-reef transportation by the surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 415:237-245. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hunter, J. A. and T. H. Cribb. 2010. Transversotrematidae (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) are rich and abundant on Indo-Pacific fishes. Zootaxa 25-38. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Maldives; Palau Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hunter, J. A., E. Ingram, R. D. Adlard, R. A. Bray, and T. H. Cribb. 2010. A cryptic complex of Transversotrema species (Digenea: Transversotrematidae) on labroid, haemulid and lethrinid fishes in the Indo-West Pacific Region, including the description of three new species. Zootaxa 17-32. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Johansson, C. L., D. R. Bellwood, and M. Depczynski. 2010. Sea urchins, macroalgae and coral reef decline: a functional evaluation of an intact reef system, Ningaloo, Western Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414:65-74. 2010 Australia Index or Indicator Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Echinoderms; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Johnson, A. E. 2010. Reducing bycatch in coral reef trap fisheries: escape gaps as a step towards sustainability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 415:201-209. 2010 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Monetary Valuation; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kellner, J. B., S. Y. Litvin, A. Hastings, F. Micheli, and P. J. Mumby. 2010. Disentangling trophic interactions inside a Caribbean marine reserve. Ecological Applications 20:1979-1992. 2010 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Kronen, M., F. Magron, B. McArdle, and A. Vunisea. 2010. Reef finfishing pressure risk model for Pacific Island countries and territories. Fisheries Research 101:1-10. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review; Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2010. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164:513-531. 2010 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Lopez-Ordaz, A. and J. G. Rodriguez-Quintal. 2010. Ichthyofauna associated to a shallow reef in Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:163-174. 2010 Venezuela Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mather, J. A. 2010. Vigilance and antipredator responses of Caribbean reef squid. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 43:357-370. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., B. Kaunda-Arara, and J. O. Omukoto. 2010. Composition and diversity of fish and fish catches in closures and open-access fisheries of Kenya. Fisheries Management and Ecology 17:63-76. 2010 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Meyer, C. G., Y. P. Papastamatiou, and T. B. Clark. 2010. Differential movement patterns and site fidelity among trophic groups of reef fishes in a Hawaiian marine protected area. Marine Biology 157:1499-1511. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mumby, P. J. and A. R. Harborne. 2010. Marine reserves enhance the recovery of corals on caribbean reefs. PLoS One 5:e8657. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ong, L. and K. N. Holland. 2010. Bioerosion of coral reefs by two Hawaiian parrotfishes: species, size differences and fishery implications. Marine Biology 157:1313-1323. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment
Penin, L., F. Michonneau, A. H. Baird, S. R. Connolly, M. S. Pratchett, M. Kayal, and M. Adjeroud. 2010. Early post-settlement mortality and the structure of coral assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:55-U76. 2010 Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Pereira, P. H. C., B. P. Ferreira, and S. M. Rezende. 2010. Community structure of the ichthyofauna associated with seagrass beds (Halodule wrightii) in Formoso River estuary - Pernambuco, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 82:617-628. 2010 Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Pinheiro, H. T., J. L. Gasparini, and I. Sazima. 2010. Sparisoma rocha, a new species of parrotfish (Actinopterygii: Labridae) from Trindade Island, South-western Atlantic. Zootaxa 59-65. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Price, S. A., P. C. Wainwright, D. R. Bellwood, E. Kazancioglu, D. C. Collar, and T. J. Near. 2010. Functional Innovations And Morphological Diversification In Parrotfish. Evolution 64:3057-3068. 2010 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Rotjan, R. D. and J. L. Dimond. 2010. Discriminating causes from consequences of persistent parrotfish corallivory. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 390:188-195. 2010 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Smriga, S., S. A. Sandin, and F. Azam. 2010. Abundance, diversity, and activity of microbial assemblages associated with coral reef fish guts and feces. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 73:31-42. 2010 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Visram, S., M. C. Yang, R. M. Pillay, S. Said, O. Henriksson, M. Grahn, and C. A. Chen. 2010. Genetic connectivity and historical demography of the blue barred parrotfish (Scarus ghobban) in the western Indian Ocean. Marine Biology 157:1475-1487. 2010 Indian Ocean; Kenya; Tanzania; Seychelles; Mauritius; India Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Watson, D. L., E. S. Harvey, B. M. Fitzpatrick, T. J. Langlois, and G. Shedrawi. 2010. Assessing reef fish assemblage structure: how do different stereo-video techniques compare? Marine Biology 157:1237-1250. 2010 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wilson, S. K., M. Depczynski, R. Fisher, T. H. Holmes, R. A. O'Leary, and P. Tinkler. 2010. Habitat Associations of Juvenile Fish at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia: The Importance of Coral and Algae. PLoS One 5:e15185. 2010 Australia Algae; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Winters, K. L., L. van Herwerden, J. H. Choat, and D. R. Robertson. 2010. Phylogeography of the Indo-Pacific parrotfish Scarus psittacus: isolation generates distinctive peripheral populations in two oceans. Marine Biology 157:1679-1691. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Seychelles Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Alfaro, M. E., C. D. Brock, B. L. Banbury, and P. C. Wainwright. 2009. Does evolutionary innovation in pharyngeal jaws lead to rapid lineage diversification in labrid fishes? BMC Evolutionary Biology 9:255. 2009 Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Alwany, M. A., E. Thaler, and M. Stachowitsch. 2009. Parrotfish bioerosion on Egyptian Red Sea reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 371:170-176. 2009 Egypt Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Bonaldo, R. M. and D. R. Bellwood. 2009. Dynamics of parrotfish grazing scars. Marine Biology 156:771-777. 2009 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Brewer, T. D., J. E. Cinner, A. Green, and J. M. Pandolfi. 2009. Thresholds and multiple scale interaction of environment, resource use, and market proximity on reef fishery resources in the Solomon Islands. Biological Conservation 142:1797-1807. 2009 Solomon Islands Index or Indicator Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Burkepile, D. E. and M. E. Hay. 2009. Nutrient versus herbivore control of macroalgal community development and coral growth on a Caribbean reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 389:71-84. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Cyanobacteria; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
de Loma, T. L., P. Chabanet, J. Ferraris, R. Galzin, and M. Harmelin-Vivien. 2009. Long-term spatiotemporal variations in coral-reef fish community structure and fishing at a South Pacific atoll. Aquatic Living Resources 22:281-290. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Duran, A. and R. Claro. 2009. The feeding activity of herbivorous fishes and their impact on coral reefs with different levels of anthropogenic degradation. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57:687-697. 2009 Cuba Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Gotanda, K. M., K. Turgeon, and D. L. Kramer. 2009. Body size and reserve protection affect flight initiation distance in parrotfishes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 10-Jan. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Guenette, S. and R. L. Hill. 2009. A trophic model of the coral reef ecosystem of La Parguera, Puerto Rico: synthesizing fisheries and ecological data. Caribbean Journal of Science 45:317-337. 2009 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Primary Production
Howard, K. G., B. D. Schumacher, and J. D. Parrish. 2009. Community structure and habitat associations of parrotfishes on Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Biology of Fishes 12-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Jayewardene, D. 2009. A factorial experiment quantifying the influence of parrotfish density and size on algal reduction on Hawaiian coral reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 375:64-69. 2009 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Kazancioglu, E., T. J. Near, R. Hanel, and P. C. Wainwright. 2009. Influence of sexual selection and feeding functional morphology on diversification rate of parrotfishes (Scaridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276:3439-3446. 2009 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2009. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 19-Jan. 2009 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Kuwamura, T., T. Sagawa, and S. Suzuki. 2009. Interspecific variation in spawning time and male mating tactics of the parrotfishes on a fringing coral reef at Iriomote Island, Okinawa. Ichthyological Research 9-Jan. 2009 Japan Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Llopiz, J. K. and R. K. Cowen. 2009. Variability in the trophic role of coral reef fish larvae in the oceanic plankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series 381:259-272. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mizrahi, N., D. Kerem, O. Goffman, O. Lernau, and E. Spanier. 2009. Identified fish remains regurgitated by a solitary Indian Ocean Bottlenose Dolphin, Tursiops aduncus, in the Gulf of Aqaba (Mammalia: Delphinidae). Zoology in the Middle East 46:19-28. 2009 Indian Ocean; India; Egypt Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Whales & Dolphins
Mork, E., G. L. Sjoo, N. Kautsky, and T. R. McClanahan. 2009. Top-down and bottom-up regulation of macroalgal community structure on a Kenyan reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:331-336. 2009 Kenya Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Mumby, P. J. 2009. Herbivory versus corallivory: are parrotfish good or bad for Caribbean coral reefs? Coral Reefs 8-Jan. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Review Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Nemeth, M. and R. Appeldoorn. 2009. The Distribution of Herbivorous Coral Reef Fishes within Fore-reef Habitats: the Role of Depth, Light and Rugosity. Caribbean Journal of Science 45:247-253. 2009 Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Paddack, M. J., S. Sponaugle, and R. K. Cowen. 2009. Small-scale demographic variation in the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride. Journal of Fish Biology 75:2509-2526. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Pittman, S. J., B. M. Costa, and T. A. Battista. 2009. Using lidar bathymetry and boosted regression trees to predict the diversity and abundance of fish and corals. Journal of Coastal Research 53:27-38. 2009 Puerto Rico Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Renken, H. and P. J. Mumby. 2009. Modelling the dynamics of coral reef macroalgae using a Bayesian belief network approach. Ecological Modelling 220:1305-1314. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins
Rotjan, R. D. and S. M. Lewis. 2009. Predators selectively graze reproductive structures in a clonal marine organism. Marine Biology 156:569-577. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Sotka, E. E. and M. E. Hay. 2009. Effects of herbivores, nutrient enrichment, and their interactions on macroalgal proliferation and coral growth. Coral Reefs 28:555-568. 2009 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Stockwell, B., C. R. L. Jadloc, R. A. Abesamis, A. C. Alcala, and G. R. Russ. 2009. Trophic and benthic responses to no-take marine reserve protection in the Philippines. Marine Ecology Progress Series 389:1-15. 2009 Philippines Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Valles, H., W. Hunte, and D. L. Kramer. 2009. Variable temporal relationships between environment and recruitment in coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 379:225-240. 2009 Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Salinity; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Afonso, P., J. Fontes, K. N. Holland, and R. S. Santos. 2008. Social status determines behaviour and habitat usage in a temperate parrotfish: Implications for marine reserve design. Marine Ecology Progress Series 359:215-227. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Afonso, P., T. Morato, and R. S. Santos. 2008. Spatial patterns in reproductive traits of the temperate parrotfish Sparisoma cretense. Fisheries Research 90:92-99. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Bonaldo, R. M. and D. R. Bellwood. 2008. Size-dependent variation in the functional role of the parrotfish Scarus rivulatus on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360:237-244. 2008 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Carassou, L., M. Kulbicki, T. J. R. Nicola, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2008. Assessment of fish trophic status and relationships by stable isotope data in the coral reef lagoon of New Caledonia, southwest Pacific. Aquatic Living Resource 21:12-Jan. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Clua, E. and P. Legendre. 2008. Shifting dominance among Scarid species on reefs representing a gradient of fishing pressure. Aquatic Living Resource 21:339-348. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Tonga Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Cole, A. J., M. S. Pratchett, and G. P. Jones. 2008. Diversity and functional importance of coral-feeding fishes on tropical coral reefs. Fish and Fisheries 9:286-307. 2008 Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Cunha, E. A., R. A. A. Carvalho, C. Monteiro-Neto, L. E. S. Moraes, and M. E. Araujo. 2008. Comparative analysis of tidepool fish species composition on tropical coastal rocky reefs at State of Ceara, Brazil. Iheringia - Serie Zoologia 98:379-390. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
De Loma, T. L., C. W. Osenberg, J. S. Shima, Y. Chancerelle, N. Davies, A. J. Brooks, and R. Galzin. 2008. A framework for assessing impacts of marine protected areas in Moorea (French Polynesia). Pacific Science 62:431-441. 2008 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
DeMartini, E. E., A. M. Friedlander, S. A. Sandin, and E. Sala. 2008. Differences in fish-assemblage structure between fished and unfished atolls in the northern Line Islands, central Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:199-215. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Eckes, M. J., U. E. Siebeck, S. Dove, and A. S. Grutter. 2008. Ultraviolet sunscreens in reef fish mucus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 353:203-211. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Light; Sunscreen Use
Fox, R. J. and D. R. Bellwood. 2008. Direct versus indirect methods of quantifying herbivore grazing impact on a coral reef. Marine Biology 154:325-334. 2008 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Francini-Filho, R. B. and R. L. De Moura. 2008. Dynamics of fish assemblages on coral reefs subjected to different management regimes in the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1166-1179. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Francini-Filho, R. B., R. L. Moura, C. M. Ferreira, and E. O. C. Coni. 2008. Live coral predation by parrotfishes (Perciformes: Scaridae) in the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil, with comments on the classification of species into functional groups. Neotropical Ichthyology 6:191-200. 2008 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, C. V. Kappel, C. P. Dahlgren, F. Micheli, K. E. Holmes, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2008. Tropical coastal habitats as surrogates of fish community structure, grazing, and fisheries value. Ecological Applications 18:1689-1701. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean GIS & Maps Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, C. V. Kappel, C. P. Dahlgren, F. Micheli, K. E. Holmes, J. N. Sanchirico, K. Broad, I. A. Elliott, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2008. Reserve effects and natural variation in coral reef communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:1010-1018. 2008 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Hoey, A. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2008. Cross-shelf variation in the role of parrotfishes on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:37-47. 2008 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lara, M. R. 2008. Development of the nasal olfactory organs in the larvae, settlement-stages and some adults of 14 species of Caribbean reef fishes (Labridae, Scaridae, Pomacentridae). Marine Biology 154:51-64. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lokrantz, J., M. Nystrom, M. Thyresson, and C. Johansson. 2008. The non-linear relationship between body size and function in parrotfishes. Coral Reefs 27:967-974. 2008 Tanzania Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Mumby, P.J., A. Hastings. 2008. The impact of ecosystem connectivity on coral reef resilience. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:854-862. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Paddack, M. J. and S. Sponaugle. 2008. Recruitment and habitat selection of newly settled Sparisoma viride to reefs with low coral cover. Marine Ecology Progress Series 369:205-212. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Porto, I., C. Granados, J. C. Restrepo, and J. A. Sanchez. 2008. Macroalgal-associated dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Symbiodinium in caribbean reefs. PLoS One 3. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish
Rice, A. N. 2008. Coordinated mechanics of feeding, swimming, and eye movements in Tautoga onitis, and implications for the evolution of trophic strategies in fishes. Marine Biology 154:255-267. 2008 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Molluscs; Planktivorous Fish
Rocha, L. A., C. R. Rocha, D. R. Robertson, and B. W. Bowen. 2008. Comparative phylogeography of Atlantic reef fishes indicates both origin and accumulation of diversity in the Caribbean. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8. 2008 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Scaps, P. and F. Runtukahu. 2008. Assessment of the coral reefs of the luwuk peninsula, central sulawesi, indonesia [evaluation des recifs coralliens de la peninsule de Luwuk, Sulawesi central, Indonesie]. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 133:341-355. 2008 Cuba; Indonesia Corallivorous Fish; Echinoderms; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Octocoral; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seastars; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Smith, L. L., J. L. Fessler, M. E. Alfaro, J. T. Streelman, and M. W. Westneat. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of regulatory gene sequences in the parrotfishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49:136-152. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Smith, T. B. 2008. Temperature effects on herbivory for an Indo-Pacific parrotfish in Panama: Implications for coral-algal competition. Coral Reefs 27:397-405. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Valles, H., D. L. Kramer, and W. Hunte. 2008. Temporal and spatial patterns in the recruitment of coral-reef fishes in Barbados. Marine Ecology Progress Series 363:257-272. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Van Nguyen, L. and H. Kim Phan. 2008. Distribution and factors influencing on structure of reef fish communities in Nha Trang Bay Marine Protected Area, South-Central Vietnam. Environmental Biology of Fishes 82:309-324. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; China; Vietnam Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Fish; Hydrocoral; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aguilar-Perera, A. and R. S. Appeldoorn. 2007. Variation in juvenile fish density along the mangrove-seagrass-coral reef continuum in SW Puerto Rico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348:139-148. 2007 Puerto Rico Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bonaldo, R. M., J. P. Krajewski, C. Sazima, and I. Sazima. 2007. Dentition damage in parrotfishes feeding on hard surfaces at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southwest Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 342:249-254. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Brown-Saracino, J., P. Peckol, H. Allen Curran, and M. L. Robbart. 2007. Spatial variation in sea urchins, fish predators, and bioerosion rates on coral reefs of Belize. Coral Reefs 26:71-78. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Campbell, S. J., M. S. Pratchett, A. W. Anggoro, R. L. Ardiwijaya, N. Fadli, Y. Herdiana, T. Kartawijaya, D. Mahyiddin, A. Mukminin, S. T. Pardede, E. Rudi, A. M. Siregar, and A. H. Baird. 2007. Disturbance to coral reefs in Aceh, Northern Sumatra: Impacts of the Sumatra-Andaman tsunami and pre-tsunami degradation. Atoll Research Bulletin 55-78. 2007 Indonesia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Turf Algae
Carlon, D. B. and C. Lippe. 2007. Isolation and characterization of 17 new microsatellite markers for the ember parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus, and cross-amplification in four other parrotfish species. Molecular Ecology Notes 7:613-616. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Chasqui-Velasco, L., E. Alvarado Ch., A. Acero P., and F. A. Zapata. 2007. Effect of herbivorous and corallivorous fishes on the survival of transplanted corals in the Colombian Caribbean [Efecto de la herbivoria y coralivoria por peces en la supervivencia de corales trasplantados en el Caribe colombiano]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 55:825-837. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Fox, R. J. and D. R. Bellwood. 2007. Quantifying herbivory across a coral reef depth gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 339:49-59. 2007 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hamner, W. M., P. L. Colin, and P. P. Hamner. 2007. Export-import dynamics of zooplankton on a coral reef in Palau. Marine Ecology Progress Series 334:83-92. 2007 Palau Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hughes, T. P., M. J. Rodrigues, D. R. Bellwood, D. Ceccarelli, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, L. McCook, N. Moltschaniwskyj, M. S. Pratchett, R. S. Steneck, and B. Willis. 2007. Phase Shifts, Herbivory, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change. Current Biology 17:360-365. 2007 Australia Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kulbicki, M. 2007. Biogeography of reef fishes of the French Territories in the South Pacific. Cybium 31:275-288. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Cook Islands Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mantyka, C. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2007. Macroalgal grazing selectivity among herbivorous coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 352:177-185. 2007 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. J. Graham, J. M. Calnan, and M. A. MacNeil. 2007. Toward pristine biomass: Reef fish recovery in coral reef marine protected areas in Kenya. Ecological Applications 17:1055-1067. 2007 Kenya Model Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. J. Graham, J. Maina, P. Chabanet, J. H. Bruggemann, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2007. Influence of instantaneous variation on estimates of coral reef fish populations and communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 340:221-234. 2007 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Moura, R. L. and K. C. Lindeman. 2007. A new species of snapper (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Brazil, with comments on the distribution of Lutjanus griseus and L. apodus. Zootaxa 31-43. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review; Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Mumby, P. J., A. Hastings, and H. J. Edwards. 2007. Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs. Nature 450:98-101. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Storms & Hurricanes
Nagelkerken, I. 2007. Are non-estuarine mangroves connected to coral reefs through fish migration? Bulletin of Marine Science 80:595-607. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Review Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nunn, P. D., T. Ishimura, W. R. Dickinson, K. Katayama, F. Thomas, R. Kumar, S. Matararaba, J. Davidson, and T. Worthy. 2007. The Lapita occupation at Naitabale, Moturiki Island, central Fiji. Asian Perspectives 46:96-132. 2007 Oman; Fiji Bivalves; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Sabater, M. G. and S. P. Tofaeono. 2007. Scale and benthic composition effects on biomass and trophic group distribution of reef fishes in American Samoa. Pacific Science 61:503-520. 2007 Samoa; American Samoa Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish
Unsworth, R. K. F., J. D. Taylor, A. Powell, J. J. Bell, and D. J. Smith. 2007. The contribution of scarid herbivory to seagrass ecosystem dynamics in the Indo-Pacific. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 74:53-62. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Valentine, J. F., K. L. Heck Jr., D. Blackmon, M. E. Goecker, J. Christian, R. M. Kroutil, K. D. Kirsch, B. J. Peterson, M. Beck, and M. A. Vanderklift. 2007. Food web interactions along seagrass-coral reef boundaries: Effects of piscivore reductions on cross-habitat energy exchange. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:37-50. 2007 Florida Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Armitage, A. R. and J. W. Fourqurean. 2006. The short-term influence of herbivory near patch reefs varies between seagrass species. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 339:65-74. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Bellwood, D. R., P. C. Wainwright, C. J. Fulton, and A. S. Hoey. 2006. Functional versatility supports coral reef biodiversity. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273:101-107. 2006 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Bellwood, D. R., T. P. Hughes, and A. S. Hoey. 2006. Sleeping Functional Group Drives Coral-Reef Recovery. Current Biology 16:2434-2439. 2006 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bonaldo, R. M., J. P. Krajewski, C. Sazima, and I. Sazima. 2006. Foraging activity and resource use by three parrotfish species at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical West Atlantic. Marine Biology 149:423-433. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Campbell, S. J. and S. T. Pardede. 2006. Reef fish structure and cascading effects in response to artisanal fishing pressure. Fisheries Research 79:75-83. 2006 Indonesia Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Carr, A., A. Kemp, I. Tibbetts, R. Truss, and J. Drennan. 2006. Microstructure of pharyngeal tooth enameloid in the parrotfish Scarus rivulatus (Pisces: Scaridae). Journal of Microscopy 221:16-Aug. 2006 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Carr, A., I. R. Tibbetts, A. Kemp, R. Truss, and J. Drennan. 2006. Inferring parrotfish (Teleostei: Scaridae) pharyngeal mill function from dental morphology, wear, and microstructure. Journal of Morphology 267:1147-1156. 2006 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients
DeMartini, E. E. and A. M. Friedlander. 2006. Predation, endemism, and related processes structuring shallow-water reef fish assemblages of the NWHI. Atoll Research Bulletin 237-256. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2006. Seagrass beds and mangroves as potential nurseries for the threatened Indo-Pacific humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus and Caribbean rainbow parrotfish, Scarus guacamaia. Biological Conservation 129:277-282. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Ferreira, C. E. L. and J. E. A. Goncalves. 2006. Community structure and diet of roving herbivorous reef fishes in the Abrolhos Archipelago, south-western Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology 69:1533-1551. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Galzin, R., D. Lecchini, J. T. Williams, S. Planes, and J.-L. Menou. 2006. Diversity of coral reef fish at Rapa Island (French Polynesia) [Diversite de l'ichtyofaune corallienne à Rapa (Polynesie francaise)]. Cybium 30:221-234. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Molluscs; Small Herbivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hale, M. E., R. D. Day, D. H. Thorsen, and M. W. Westneat. 2006. Pectoral fin coordination and gait transitions in steadily swimming juvenile reef fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:3708-3718. 2006 Corallivorous Fish; Energy Policy & Development; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, C. Dytham, C. Schelten, M. M. Nugues. 2006. Effects of habitat characteristics and sedimentation on performance of marine reserves in St. Lucia. Biological Conservation 127:487-499. 2006 South & Central America; St. Lucia; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lindholm, J., A. Knight, L. Kaufman, and S. Miller. 2006. Site fidelity and movement of the parrotfishes Scarus coeruleus and Scarus taeniopterus at Conch Reef (northern Florida Keys). Caribbean Journal of Science 42:138-144. 2006 Florida Lab Study Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Mendez de E., E., L. J. Ruiz, A. A. Prieto, A. Torres de J., A. Farina, S. Sant, J. Barrio, and B. Marin. 2006. Fish community of a fringing reef at Mochima National Park, Venezuela [Comunidad ictica de una franja arrecifal del Parque Nacional Mochima, Venezuela]. Ciencias Marinas 32:683-693. 2006 Venezuela Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mumby, P. J. 2006. The impact of exploiting grazers (Scaridae) on the dynamics of Caribbean coral reefs. Ecological Applications 16:747-769. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Coastal Defense; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Storms & Hurricanes
Mumby, P. J., C. P. Dahlgren, A. R. Harborne, C. V. Kappel, F. Micheli, D. R. Brumbaugh, K. E. Holmes, J. M. Mendes, K. Broad, J. N. Sanchirico, K. Buch, S. Box, R. W. Stoffle, and A. B. Gill. 2006. Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs. Science 311:98-101. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Mumby, P. J., J. D. Hedley, K. Zychaluk, A. R. Harborne, and P. G. Blackwell. 2006. Revisiting the catastrophic die-off of the urchin Diadema antillarum on Caribbean coral reefs: Fresh insights on resilience from a simulation model. Ecological Modelling 196:131-148. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; Jamaica; Caribbean Model Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Nolan, M. J. and T. H. Cribb. 2006. Cardicola Short, 1953 and Braya n. gen. (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from five families of tropical Indo-Pacific fishes. Zootaxa Mar-80. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Paddack, M. J., R. K. Cowen, and S. Sponaugle. 2006. Grazing pressure of herbivorous coral reef fishes on low coral-cover reefs. Coral Reefs 25:461-472. 2006 Florida Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rotjan, R. D. and S. M. Lewis. 2006. Parrotfish abundance and selective corallivory on a Belizean coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335:292-301. 2006 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Rotjan, R. D., J. L. Dimond, D. J. Thornhill, J. J. Leichter, B. Helmuth, D. W. Kemp, and S. M. Lewis. 2006. Chronic parrotfish grazing impedes coral recovery after bleaching. Coral Reefs 25:361-368. 2006 South & Central America; Belize Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Steadman, D. W. and S. Jones. 2006. Long-term trends in prehistoric fishing and hunting on Tobago, West Indies. Latin American Antiquity 17:316-334. 2006 Tobago; India Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Sea Turtles
Valles, H., D. L. Kramer, and W. Hunte. 2006. A standard unit for monitoring recruitment of fishes to coral reef rubble. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:171-183. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Construction Codes & Projects; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Williams, I. D., W. J. Walsh, A. Miyasaka, and A. M. Friedlander. 2006. Effects of rotational closure on coral reef fishes in Waikiki-Diamond Head Fishery Management Area, Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Ecology Progress Series 310:139-149. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Alwany, M., E. Thaler, and M. Stachowitsch. 2005. Territorial behaviour of Acanthurus sohal and Plectroglyphidodon leucozona on the fringing Egyptian Red Sea reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 72:321-334. 2005 Egypt Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ceccarelli, D. M., G. P. Jones, and L. J. McCook. 2005. Foragers versus farmers: Contrasting effects of two behavioural groups of herbivores on coral reefs. Oecologia 145:445-453. 2005 Papua New Guinea Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Chateau, O. and L. Wantiez. 2005. Comparison of coral reef fish communities between two fished and one protected reefs in New Caledonia South Lagoon Marine Park [Comparaison de la structure des communautes de poissons coralliens d'interet commercial entre une reserve marine et deux zo. Cybium 29:159-174. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Claydon, J. 2005. Spawning aggregations of coral reef fishes: Characteristics, hypotheses, threats and management. Oceanography and Marine Biology 42:265-301. 2005 Review Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Crossman, D. J., J. H. Choat, and K. D. Clements. 2005. Nutritional ecology of nominally herbivorous fishes on coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 296:129-142. 2005 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish
DeMartini, E. E., A. M. Friedlander, and S. R. Holzwarth. 2005. Size at sex change in protogynous labroids, prey body size distributions, and apex predator densities at NW Hawaiian atolls. Marine Ecology Progress Series 297:259-271. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff. 2005. Reef fish community structure in Bocas del Toro (Caribbean, Panama): Gradients in habitat complexity and exposure. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:613-637. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Farina, A., A. Bellorin, S. Sant, and E. Mendez. 2005. Structure of the fish community at a reef in Los Monjes Archipelago, Venezuela [Estructura de la comunidad de peces en un arrecife del Archipielago Los Monjes, Venezuela]. Ciencias Marinas 31:585-591. 2005 Venezuela Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Feitoza, B. M., R. S. Rosa, and L. A. Rocha. 2005. Ecology and zoogeography of deep-reef fishes in northeastern Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 76:725-742. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Caribbean Commercial Fishing Boats; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., R. S. Steneck, D. Pietri, B. Cokos, and S. Jones. 2005. Interaction between inorganic nutrients and organic matter in controlling coral reef communities in Glovers Reef Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:566-575. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Mumby, P. J., N. L. Foster, and E. A. G. Fahy. 2005. Patch dynamics of coral reef macroalgae under chronic and acute disturbance. Coral Reefs 24:681-692. 2005 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Rice, A. N. and M. W. Westneat. 2005. Coordination of feeding, locomotor and visual systems in parrotfishes (Teleostei: Labridae). Journal of Experimental Biology 208:3503-3518. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Rotjan, R. D. and S. M. Lewis. 2005. Selective predation by parrotfishes on the reef coral Porites astreoides. Marine Ecology Progress Series 305:193-201. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Thorsen, D. H. and M. W. Westneat. 2005. Diversity of pectoral fin structure and function in fishes with labriform propulsion. Journal of Morphology 263:133-150. 2005 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Westneat, M. W. and M. E. Alfaro. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the reef fish family Labridae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36:370-390. 2005 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
[No author name available]. 2004. Wastewater, polluted runoff may cause coral reef destruction. Water Environment and Technology 16:8. 2004 Florida Agriculture; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Snails & Conch; Wastewater Discharge
Bay, L. K., J. H. Choat, L. Van Herwerden, and D. R. Robertson. 2004. High genetic diversities and complex genetic structure in an Indo-Pacific tropical reef fish (Chlorurus sordidus): Evidence of an unstable evolutionary past? Marine Biology 144:757-767. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Choat, J. H., W. D. Robbins, and K. D. Clements. 2004. The trophic status of herbivorous fishes on coral reefs: II. Food processing modes and trophodynamics. Marine Biology 145:445-454. 2004 Australia; Tonga Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Conklin, E. J. and J. Stimson. 2004. An attempt to increase numbers of herbivorous fishes as a means of controlling populations of fleshy macroalgae on coral reefs in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 58:189-200. 2004 Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dulvy, N. K. and N. V. C. Polunin. 2004. Using informal knowledge to infer human-induced rarity of a conspicuous reef fish. Animal Conservation 7:365-374. 2004 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Ferreira, C. E. L., S. R. Floeter, J. L. Gasparini, B. P. Ferreira, and J. C. Joyeux. 2004. Trophic structure patterns of Brazilian reef fishes: A latitudinal comparison. Journal of Biogeography 31:1093-1106. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Geertjes, G. J., J. Postema, A. Kamping, W. Van Delden, J. J. Videler, and L. Van De Zande. 2004. Allozymes and RAPDs detect little genetic population substructuring in the Caribbean stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride. Marine Ecology Progress Series 279:225-235. 2004 South & Central America; Jamaica; Tobago; Caribbean Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Halford, A., A. J. Cheal, D. Ryan, and D. MC B. Williams. 2004. Resilience to large-scale disturbance in coral and fish assemblages on the great barrier reef. Ecology 85:1892-1905. 2004 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Hawkins, J. P. and C. M. Roberts. 2004. Effects of Artisanal Fishing on Caribbean Coral Reefs. Conservation Biology 18:215-226. 2004 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hawkins, J. P. and C. M. Roberts. 2004. Effects of fishing on sex-changing Caribbean parrotfishes. Biological Conservation 115:213-226. 2004 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Kaunda-Arara, B. and G. A. Rose. 2004. Effects of marine reef National Parks on fishery CPUE in coastal Kenya. Biological Conservation 118:13-Jan. 2004 Kenya Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, C. S. Yentsch, M. M. Littler, D. S. Littler, and B. Kakuk. 2004. The relative importance of nutrient enrichment and herbivory on macroalgal communities near Norman's Pond Cay, Exumas Cays, Bahamas: A \natural\" enrichment experiment". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 298:275-301. 2004 Bahamas Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Layman, C. A., D. A. Arrington, R. B. Langerhans, and B. R. Silliman. 2004. Degree of fragmentation affects fish assemblage structure in Andros Island (Bahamas) estuaries. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:232-244. 2004 Bahamas Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mateo, I. and W. J. Tobias. 2004. Survey of nearshore fish communities on tropical backreef lagoons on the southeastern coast of St. Croix. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:327-342. 2004 US Virgin Islands Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Munoz, R. C. and R. R. Warner. 2004. Testing a new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: Sperm competition and size-skew effects in the bucktooth parrotfish, Sparisoma radians. Behavioral Ecology 15:129-136. 2004 US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Model Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Reyes-Nivia, M. C., J. Garzon-Ferreira, and A. Rodriguez-Ramirez. 2004. Live coral predation by fish in Tayrona Nature National Park, Colombian Caribbean [Depredacion de coral vivo por peces en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Caribe colombiano]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 52:883-895. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Rezai, H. and A. Savari. 2004. Observation on reef fishes in the coastal waters off some Iranian Islands in the Persian Gulf. Zoology in the Middle East 31:67-75. 2004 Middle East; Iran Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Roy, R. E. 2004. Akumal's reefs: Stony coral communities along the developing Mexican Caribbean coastline. Revista de Biologia Tropical 52:869-881. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae
Sanchez, J. A., M. F. Gil, L. H. Chasqui, and E. M. Alvarado. 2004. Grazing dynamics on a Caribbean reef-building coral. Coral Reefs 23:578-583. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Townsend, K. A. and I. R. Tibbetts. 2004. The ecological significance of the combtoothed blenny in a coral reef ecosystem. Journal of Fish Biology 65:77-90. 2004 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wainwright, P. C., D. R. Bellwood, M. W. Westneat, J. R. Grubich, and A. S. Hoey. 2004. A functional morphospace for the skull of labrid fishes: Patterns of diversity in a complex biomechanical system. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 82:25-Jan. 2004 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Watson, M. and J. L. Munro. 2004. Settlement and recruitment of coral reef fishes in moderately exploited and overexploited Caribbean ecosystems: Implications for marine protected areas. Fisheries Research 69:415-425. 2004 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Wilson, S. K. 2004. Growth, mortality and turnover rates of a small detritivorous fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 284:253-259. 2004 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bellwood, D. R., A. S. Hoey, and J. H. Choat. 2003. Limited functional redundancy in high diversity systems: Resilience and ecosystem function on coral reefs. Ecology Letters 6:281-285. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Choat, J. H., D. R. Robertson, J. L. Ackerman, and J. M. Posada. 2003. An age-based demographic analysis of the Caribbean stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride. Marine Ecology Progress Series 246:265-277. 2003 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Garcia, A., A. Croquer, and S. M. Pauls. 2003. Present state of diseases and other signs of reef deterioration at seven coral reefs at Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela [Estado actual de las enfermedades y otros signos de deterioro coralino en siete arrecifes del Parque Nacional Archipi�. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:173-180. 2003 Venezuela Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Griffin, S. P., R. P. Garcia, and E. Weil. 2003. Bioerosion in coral reef communities in southwest Puerto Rico by the sea urchin Echinometra viridis. Marine Biology 143:79-84. 2003 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Sponges
Hanisko, D. S. and J. Lyczkowski-Shultz. 2003. Occurrence and pelagic habitat of reef fish larvae in the Gulf of Mexico. Pages 205-224 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hernandez Jr., F. J., R. F. Shaw, J. S. Cope, J. G. Ditty, T. Farooqi, and M. C. Benfield. 2003. The across-shelf larval, postlarval, and juvenile fish assemblages collected at offshore oil and gas platforms west of the Mississippi River delta. Pages 39-72 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kramer, P. A. 2003. Synthesis of coral reef health indicators for the western Atlantic: Results of the AGRRA program (1997-2000). Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-57. 2003 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Caribbean Index or Indicator Coastal Development; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Kramer, P. A., K. W. Marks, and T. L. Turnbull. 2003. Assessment of Andros Island reef system, Bahamas (part 2: Fishes). Atoll Research Bulletin 100-123. 2003 Bahamas Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Munoz, R. C. and R. R. Warner. 2003. A new version of the size-advantage hypothesis for sex change: Incorporating sperm competition and size-fecundity skew. American Naturalist 161:749-761. 2003 Model Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Munoz, R. C. and R. R. Warner. 2003. Alternative contexts of sex change with social control in the bucktooth parrotfish, Sparisoma radians. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68:307-319. 2003 US Virgin Islands Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, T. Nakai, and M. Sano. 2003. Food habits of fishes in a seagrass bed on a fringing coral reef at Iriomote Island, southern Japan. Ichthyological Research 50:15-22. 2003 Japan Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Molluscs; Plankton; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Parra, B. and L. J. Ruiz. 2003. Community structure of fishes on the east coast of the island of Cabagua, Venezuela [Estructura de la comunidad de peces en la costa oriental de la isla de Cabagua, Venezuela]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:197-203. 2003 Cuba; Venezuela Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Peckol, P. M., H. A. Curran, B. J. Greenstein, E. Y. Floyd, and M. L. Robbart. 2003. Assessment of coral reefs off San Salvador Island, Bahamas (stony corals, algae and fish populations). Atoll Research Bulletin 124-145. 2003 Bahamas Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Peckol, P. M., H. A. Curran, E. Y. Floyd, M. L. Robbart, B. J. Greenstein, and K. L. Buckman. 2003. Assessment of selected reef sites in northern and southern central Belize, including recovery from bleaching and hurricane disturbances (stony corals, algae and fish). Atoll Research Bulletin 146-171. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Turf Algae
Ruiz, L. J., E. Mendez de E., A. Torres de J., A. Prieto-A., B. Marin, and A. Farina. 2003. Composition, abundance and diversity of coral reef fishes at two sites in Mochima National Park, Venezuela [Composicion, abundancia y diversidad de peces arrecifales en dos localidades del Parque Nacional Mochima, Venezuela]. Ciencias Marinas 29:185-195. 2003 Venezuela Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sponaugle, S., J. Fortuna, K. Grorud, and T. Lee. 2003. Dynamics of larval fish assemblages over a shallow coral reef in the Florida Keys. Marine Biology 143:175-189. 2003 Florida Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves
Turner Jr., J. W., R. Nemeth, and C. Rogers. 2003. Measurement of fecal glucocorticoids in parrotfishes to assess stress. General and Comparative Endocrinology 133:341-352. 2003 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Zubillaga, A. L., S. M. Pauls, and A. Croquer. 2003. Evaluation of the impact of recreational dive activity on the community structure of some coral reefs at Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela [Evaluacion de las actividades del buceo recreativo sobre la estructura comunitaria de algunos arreci. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:189-195. 2003 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Pathogens; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Bshary, R. and D. Schaffer. 2002. Choosy reef fish select cleaner fish that provide high-quality service. Animal Behaviour 63:557-564. 2002 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Chen, L.-S. 2002. Post-settlement diet shift of Chlorurus sordidus and Scarus schlegeli (Pisces: Scaridae). Zoological Studies 41:47-58. 2002 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Choat, J. H., K. D. Clements, and W. D. Robbins. 2002. The trophic status of herbivorous fishes on coral reefs 1: Dietary analyses. Marine Biology 140:613-623. 2002 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Croquer, A., E. Villamizar, N. Noriega. 2002. Environmental factors affecting tissue regeneration of the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis (Faviidae) at Los Roques National Park, Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical 50:1055-1065. 2002 Venezuela Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Sediment; Stony Coral
Gullstrom, M., M. De La Torre Castro, S. O. Bandeira, M. Bjork, M. Dahlberg, N. Kautsky, P. Ronnback, and M. C. Ohman. 2002. Seagrass ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean. Ambio 31:588-596. 2002 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius; Reunion; India; South Africa; France Review; Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Gust, N. 2002. Scarid biomass on the northern Great Barrier Reef: The influence of exposure, depth and substrata. Environmental Biology of Fishes 64:353-366. 2002 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Gust, N., J. H. Choat, and J. L. Ackerman. 2002. Demographic plasticity in tropical reef fishes. Marine Biology 140:1039-1051. 2002 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Jiddawi, N. S. and M. C. Ohman. 2002. Marine fisheries in Tanzania. Ambio 31:518-527. 2002 Tanzania Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Boats; Small Herbivorous Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McClanahan, T. R., B. A. Cokos, and E. Sala. 2002. Algal growth and species composition under experimental control of herbivory, phosphorus and coral abundance in Glovers Reef, Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:441-451. 2002 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
McClanahan, T. R., J. N. Uku, and H. Machano. 2002. Effect of macroalgal reduction on coral-reef fish in the Watamu Marine National Park, Kenya. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:223-231. 2002 Kenya Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mumby, P. J. and C. C. C. Wabnitz. 2002. Spatial patterns of aggression, territory size, and harem size in five sympatric Caribbean parrotfish species. Environmental Biology of Fishes 63:265-279. 2002 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Schmitt, E. F., R. D. Sluka, and K. M. Sullivan-Sealey. 2002. Evaluating the use of roving diver and transect surveys to assess the coral reef fish assemblage off southeastern Hispaniola. Coral Reefs 21:216-223. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Dominican Republic Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Streelman, J. T., M. Alfaro, M. W. Westneat, D. R. Bellwood, and S. A. Karl. 2002. Evolutionary history of the parrotfishes: Biogeography, ecomorphology, and comparative diversity. Evolution 56:961-971. 2002 Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Bellwood, D. R. and P. C. Wainwright. 2001. Locomotion in labrid fishes: Implications for habitat use and cross-shelf biogeography on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 20:139-150. 2001 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
De Moura, R. L., J. L. De Figueiredo, and I. Sazima. 2001. A new parrotfish (Scaridae) from Brazil, and revalidation of Sparisoma amplum (Ranzani, 1842), Sparisoma frondosum (Agassiz, 1831), Sparisoma axillare (Steindachner, 1878) and Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:505-524. 2001 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ebersole, J. P. 2001. Recovery of fish assemblages from ship groundings on coral reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:655-671. 2001 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Planktivorous Fish; Remediation; Substrate
Gust, N., J. H. Choat, and M. I. McCormick. 2001. Spatial variability in reef fish distribution, abundance, size and biomass: A multi-scale analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214:237-251. 2001 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Kingsford, M. J. 2001. Diel patterns of abundance of presettlement reef fishes and pelagic larvae on a coral reef. Marine Biology 138:853-867. 2001 Australia; Cuba Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mateo, I. and W. J. Tobias. 2001. Distribution of shallow water coral reef fishes on the Northeast coast of St. Croix, USVI. Caribbean Journal of Science 37:210-226. 2001 US Virgin Islands; Tonga Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
McClanahan, T. R. and R. Arthur. 2001. The effect of marine reserves and habitat on populations of East African coral reef fishes. Ecological Applications 11:559-569. 2001 Indian Ocean; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Naim, O., W. Prigent, and N. Boucher. 2001. Growth of transplants of the hermatypic Scleractinian Acopora muricata (Linnaeus, 1758) used as a bioindicator (Reunion Island, Indian Ocean) [Utilisation de la croissance de transplants du scleractiniaire hermatypique Acropora muricata (Linnaeus, 1758). Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 56:201-220. 2001 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Pichelin, S. and T. H. Cribb. 2001. Neoechinorhynchus ningalooensis sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from Scarus ghobban and S. psittacus (Scaridae) from Western Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 125:51-55. 2001 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Renee Lara, M. 2001. Morphology of the eye and visual acuities in the settlement-intervals of some coral reef fishes (Labridae, Scaridae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 62:365-378. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Sluka, R. D. and M. W. Miller. 2001. Herbivorous fish assemblages and herbivory pressure on Laamu Atoll, Republic of Maldives. Coral Reefs 20:255-262. 2001 Indian Ocean; Maldives; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
St John, J. 2001. Temporal variation in the diet of a coral reef piscivore (Pisces: Serranidae) was not seasonal. Coral Reefs 20:163-170. 2001 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Valles, H., S. Sponaugle, and H. A. Oxenford. 2001. Larval supply to a marine reserve and adjacent fished area in the Soufriere Marine Management Area, St Lucia, West Indies. Journal of Fish Biology 59:152-177. 2001 St. Lucia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Williams, I. D. and N. V. C. Polunin. 2001. Large-scale associations between macroalgal cover and grazer biomass on mid-depth reefs in the Caribbean. Coral Reefs 19:358-366. 2001 South & Central America; Cuba; Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wing, S. R. and E. S. Wing. 2001. Prehistoric fisheries in the Caribbean. Coral Reefs 20:8-Jan. 2001 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bernardi, G., D. R. Robertson, K. E. Clifton, and E. Azzurro. 2000. Molecular systematics, zoogeography, and evolutionary ecology of the Atlantic parrotfish genus Sparisoma. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15:292-300. 2000 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Bruckner, A. W., R. J. Bruckner, and P. Sollins. 2000. Parrotfish predation on live coral: 'Spot biting' and 'focused biting'. Coral Reefs 19:50. 2000 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Chapman, M. R. and D. L. Kramer. 2000. Movements of fishes within and among fringing coral reefs in Barbados. Environmental Biology of Fishes 57:24-Nov. 2000 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dudgeon, C. L., N. Gust, and D. Blair. 2000. No apparent genetic basis to demographic differences in scarid fishes across continental shelf of the great barrier reef. Marine Biology 137:1059-1066. 2000 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Labrosse, P., Y. Letourneur, M. Kulbicki, J. R. Paddon. 2000. Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons: 3 - fishing pressure, potential yields and impact on management options. Aquatic Living Resource 13:91-98. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Letourneur, Y., M. Kulbicki, and P. Labrosse. 2000. Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons: 1 - Structure and stocks of coral reef fish communities. Aquatic Living Resource 13:65-76. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., K. Bergman, M. Huitric, M. McField, T. Elfwing, M. Nystrom, and I. Nordemar. 2000. Response of fishes to algae reduction on glovers reef, Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 206:273-282. 2000 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Mejia, L. S. and J. Garzon-Ferreira. 2000. Estructura de comunidades de peces arrecifales en cuatro atolones del Archipielago de San Andres y Providencia (Caribe sur occidental). Revista de Biologia Tropical 48:883-896. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Physical Variables; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I., M. Dorenbosch, W. C. E. P. Verberk, E. Cocheret De La Moriniere, and G. Van Der Velde. 2000. Day-night shifts of fishes between shallow-water biotopes of a Caribbean bay, with emphasis on the nocturnal feeding of Haemulidae and Lutjanidae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194:55-64. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Overholtzer, K. L. and P. J. Motta. 2000. Effects of mixed-species foraging groups on the feeding and aggression of juvenile parrotfishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 58:345-354. 2000 Florida Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Peyrot-Clausade, M. and V. Chazottes. 2000. Reef bioerosion and its role in sediment production in Moorea (French Polynesia) and Reunion islands [La bioerosion recifale et son role dans la sedimentogenese a� Moorea (Polynesie francaise) et a� la Reunion]. Oceanis 26:275-309. 2000 Reunion Review Boring Sponges; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Substrate
Peyrot-Clausade, M., P. Chabanet, C. Conand, M. F. Fontaine, Y. Letourneur, and M. Harmelin-Vivien. 2000. Sea urchin and fish bioerosion on La Reunion and Moorea Reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:477-485. 2000 Reunion Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Rodriguez, J. and E. Villamizar. 2000. Estructura de la comunidad de peces arrecifales de Playa Mero, Parque Nacional Morrocoy, Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical 48:107-113. 2000 Venezuela Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. and L. Collado Vides. 2000. Filamentous algae dominate a tropical reef community in the Mexican Caribbean: An unexpected organisation of reef vegetation. Botanica Marina 43:547-557. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Vuki, V. C., L. P. Zann, M. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. The Fiji Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 751-764. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Corallivorous Fish; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Crook, A. C. 1999. A quantitative analysis of the relationship between interspecific encounters, schooling behavior and colouration in juvenile parrotfish (family Scaridae). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 33:19-Jan. 1999 Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Crook, A. C. 1999. Quantitative evidence for assortative schooling in a coral reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 176:17-23. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Jennings, S., J. D. Reynolds, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1999. Predicting the vulnerability of tropical reef fishes to exploitation with phylogenies and life histories. Conservation Biology 13:1466-1475. 1999 Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Letourneur, Y., P. Labrosse, and M. Kulbicki. 1999. Commercial fish assemblages on New Caledonian fringing reefs submitted to different levels of ground erosion. Oceanologica Acta 22:609-622. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Lindeman, K. C. and D. B. Snyder. 1999. Nearshore hardbottom fishes of southeast Florida and effects of habitat burial caused by dredging. Fishery Bulletin 97:508-525. 1999 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lirman, D. 1999. Reef fish communities associated with Acropora palmata: Relationships to benthic attributes. Bulletin of Marine Science 65:235-252. 1999 Florida; US Virgin Islands Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. Muthiga, A. T. Kamukuru, H. Machano, and R. W. Kiambo. 1999. The effects of marine parks and fishing on coral reefs of northern Tanzania. Biological Conservation 89:161-182. 1999 Kenya; Tanzania Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., V. Hendrick, M. J. Rodrigues, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1999. Varying responses of herbivorous and invertebrate-feeding fishes to macroalgal reduction on a coral reef. Coral Reefs 18:195-203. 1999 Kenya Index or Indicator Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
McLain, D. K. and A. E. Pratt. 1999. Nestedness of coral reef fish across a set of fringing reefs. Oikos 85:53-67. 1999 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Miller, M. W., M. E. Hay, S. L. Miller, D. Malone, E. E. Sotka, and A. M. Szmant. 1999. Effects of nutrients versus herbivores on reef algae: A new method for manipulating nutrients on coral reefs. Limnology and Oceanography 44:1847-1861. 1999 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Cyanobacteria; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Overholtzer, K. L. and P. J. Motta. 1999. Comparative resource use by juvenile parrotfishes in the Florida keys. Marine Ecology Progress Series 177:177-187. 1999 Florida Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Powis, T. G., N. Stanchly, C. D. White, P. F. Healy, J. J. Awe, and F. Longstaffe. 1999. A reconstruction of Middle Preclassic Maya subsistence economy at Cahal Pech, Belize. Antiquity 73:364-376. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Agriculture; Corallivorous Fish; Land & Air Transportation; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Connell, S. D., M. A. Samoilys, M. P. Lincoln Smith, and J. Leqata. 1998. Comparisons of abundance of coral-reef fish: Catch and effort surveys vs visual census. Austral Ecology 23:579-586. 1998 Solomon Islands Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dunlap, M. and J. R. Pawlik. 1998. Spongivory by parrotfish in Florida mangrove and reef habitats. Marine Ecology 19:325-337. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Goodman-Lowe, G. D. 1998. Diet of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994. Marine Biology 132:535-546. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octopus & Squid
Green, A. L. 1998. Spatio-temporal patterns of recruitment of labroid fishes (Pisces: Labridae and Scaridae) to damselfish territories. Environmental Biology of Fishes 51:235-244. 1998 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Le Bris, S., T. Le Campion-Alsumard, and J.-C. Romano. 1998. Characteristics of epilithic and endolithic algal turf exposed to different levels of bioerosion in French Polynesian coral reefs [Caracteristiques du feutrage algal des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise soumis a differentes intensites de bioerosio. Oceanologica Acta 21:695-708. 1998 Global Index or Indicator Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Cyanobacteria; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Leis, J. M., T. Trnski, P. J. Doherty, and V. Dufour. 1998. Replenishment of fish populations in the enclosed lagoon of Taiaro Atoll: (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) evidence from eggs and larvae. Coral Reefs 17:8-Jan. 1998 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Miller, M. W. and M. E. Hay. 1998. Effects of fish predation and seaweed competition on the survival and growth of corals. Oecologia 113:231-238. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Nagle, D. G. and V. J. Paul. 1998. Chemical defense of a marine cyanobacterial bloom. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 225:29-38. 1998 Guam Corallivorous Fish; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Sea Urchins
Russ, G. R. and A. C. Alcala. 1998. Natural fishing experiments in marine reserves 1983-1993: Roles of life history and fishing intensity in family responses. Coral Reefs 17:399-416. 1998 Philippines Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Tolimieri, N. 1998. Contrasting effects of microhabitat use on large-scale adult abundance in two families of Caribbean reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 167:227-239. 1998 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Tolimieri, N. 1998. Effects of substrata, resident conspecifics and damselfish on the settlement and recruitment of the stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride. Environmental Biology of Fishes 53:393-404. 1998 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Tolimieri, N. 1998. The relationship among microhabitat characteristics, recruitment and adult abundance in the stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma Viride, at three spatial scales. Bulletin of Marine Science 62:253-268. 1998 US Virgin Islands Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Stony Coral
Van Rooij, J. M., J. J. Videler, and J. H. Bruggemann. 1998. High biomass and production but low energy transfer efficiency of Caribbean parrotfish: Implications for trophic models of coral reefs. Journal of Fish Biology 53:154-178. 1998 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Primary Production
Wulff, J. 1998. Erratum: Parrotfish predation on cryptic sponges of Caribbean coral reefs (Marine Biology (1997) 129 (41-52)). Marine Biology 131:202. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sponges
Connell, S. D. 1997. Exclusion of predatory fish on a coral reef: The anticipation, pre- emption and evaluation of some caging artefacts. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 213:181-198. 1997 Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Crook, A. C. 1997. Colour patterns in a coral reef fish. Is background complexity important? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 217:237-252. 1997 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Crook, A. C. 1997. Determinants of the physiological colour patterns of juvenile parrotfish, Chlorurus sordidus. Animal Behaviour 53:1251-1261. 1997 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Domeier, M.L. and P. L. Colin. 1997. Tropical reef fish spawning aggregations: defined and reviewed. Bulletin of Marine Science 60:698-726. 1997 Review Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Friedlander, A. M. and J. D. Parrish. 1997. Fisheries harvest and standing stock in a Hawaiian Bay. Fisheries Research 32:33-50. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Jennings, S. and N. V. C. Polunin. 1997. Impacts of predator depletion by fishing on the biomass and diversity of non-target reef fish communities. Coral Reefs 16:71-82. 1997 Fiji Model Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Kingsford, M. and M. Finn. 1997. The influence of phase of the moon and physical processes on the input of presettlement fishes to coral reefs. Journal of Fish Biology 51:176-205. 1997 Australia Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Physical Variables; Seawater Flow; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lewis, A. R. 1997. Effects of experimental coral disturbance on the structure of fish communities on large patch reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 161:37-50. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
McKenna Jr., J. E. 1997. Influence of physical disturbance on the structure of coral reef fish assemblages in the Dry Tortugas. Caribbean Journal of Science 33:82-97. 1997 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Large Ships; Planktivorous Fish
Meekan, M. G. and J. H. Choat. 1997. Latitudinal variation in abundance of herbivorous fishes: A comparison of temperate and tropical reefs. Marine Biology 128:373-383. 1997 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Pennings, S. C., S. R. Pablo, and V. J. Paul. 1997. Chemical defenses of the tropical, benthic marine cyanobacterium Hormothamnion enteromorphoides: Diverse consumers and synergisms. Limnology and Oceanography 42:911-917. 1997 Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
Steneck, R. S., I. G. Macintyre, and R. P. Reid. 1997. A unique algal ridge system in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas. Coral Reefs 16:29-37. 1997 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish
Van Rooij, J. M. and J. J. Videler. 1997. Mortality estimates from repeated visual censuses of a parrotfish (Sparisoma viride) population: Demographic implications. Marine Biology 128:385-396. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Wantiez, L., P. Thollot, and M. Kulbicki. 1997. Effects of marine reserves on coral reef fish communities from five islands in New Caledonia. Coral Reefs 16:215-224. 1997 New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wulff, J. L. 1997. Parrotfish predation on cryptic sponges of Caribbean coral reefs. Marine Biology 129:41-52. 1997 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sponges
Bellwood, D. R. 1996. Production and reworking of sediment by parrotfishes (family Scaridae) on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Biology 125:795-800. 1996 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment
Bruggemann, J. H., A. M. Van Kessel, J. M. Van Rooij, and A. M. Breeman. 1996. Bioerosion and sediment ingestion by the caribbean parrotfish Scarus vetula and Sparisoma viride: Implications of fish size, feeding mode and habitat use. Marine Ecology Progress Series 134:59-71. 1996 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Substrate
Choat, J. H., L. M. Axe, and D. C. Lou. 1996. Growth and longevity in fishes of the family Scaridae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 145:33-41. 1996 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Dunlap, M. and J. R. Pawlik. 1996. Video-monitored predation by Caribbean reef fishes on an array of mangrove and reef sponges. Marine Biology 126:117-123. 1996 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Encrusting Sponges; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Sponges
Fagerholm, H.-P., R. M. Overstreet, and I. Humphrey-Smith. 1996. Contracaecum magnipapillatum (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea): Resurrection and pathogenic effect of a common parasite from the proventriculus of Anous minutus from the Great Barrier Reef, with a note on C. variegatum. Helminthologia 33:195-207. 1996 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Worms; Pathogens
Hixon, M. A. and W. N. Brostoff. 1996. Succession and herbivory: Effects of differential fish grazing on hawaiian coral-reef algae. Ecological Monographs 66:67-90. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kulbicki, M. 1996. First observations on the fish communities of fringing reefs in the region of Maumere (Flores - Indonesia). Atoll Research Bulletin 10-Aug. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Indonesia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lumbang, W. A. and V. J. Paul. 1996. Chemical defenses of the tropical green seaweed Neomeris annulata Dickie: Effects of multiple compounds on feeding by herbivores. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 201:185-195. 1996 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam; Caribbean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Marconato, A. and D. Y. Shapiro. 1996. Sperm allocation, sperm production and fertilization rates in the bucktooth parrotfish. Animal Behaviour 52:971-980. 1996 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
McAfee, S. T. and S. G. Morgan. 1996. Resource use by five sympatric parrotfishes in the San Blas Archipelago, Panama. Marine Biology 125:427-437. 1996 Panama Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Mcclanahan, T. R., A. T. Kamukuru, N. A. Muthiga, M. Gilagabher Yebio, and D. Obura. 1996. Effect of sea urchin reductions on algae, coral, and fish populations. Conservation Biology 10:136-154. 1996 Kenya Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Muller, M. 1996. A novel classification of planar four-bar linkages and its application to the mechanical analysis of animal systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 351:689-720. 1996 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Opitz, S. 1996. Trophic Interactions in Caribbean Coral Reefs. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines. 1996 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Primary Production; Sediment; Snails & Conch
Robertson, D. R. 1996. Egg size in relation to fertilization dynamics in free-spawning tropical reef fishes. Oecologia 108:95-104. 1996 Corallivorous Fish; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish
Sponaugle, S. and R. K. Cowen. 1996. Nearshore patterns of coral reef fish larval supply to Barbados, West Indies. Marine Ecology Progress Series 133:13-28. 1996 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish
Van Rooij, J. M. and J. J. Videler. 1996. Estimating oxygen uptake rate from ventilation frequency in the reef fish Sparisoma viride. Marine Ecology Progress Series 132:31-41. 1996 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Van Rooij, J. M., E. De Jong, F. Vaandrager, and J. J. Videler. 1996. Resource and habitat sharing by the stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride, a Caribbean reef herbivore. Environmental Biology of Fishes 47:81-91. 1996 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Van Rooij, J. M., F. J. Kroon, and J. J. Videler. 1996. The social and mating system of the herbivorous reef fish Sparisoma viride: One-male versus multi-male groups. Environmental Biology of Fishes 47:353-378. 1996 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Van Rooij, J. M., J. P. Kok, and J. J. Videler. 1996. Local variability in population structure and density of the protogynous reef herbivore Sparisoma viride. Environmental Biology of Fishes 47:65-80. 1996 Antilles Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Plankton
Bellwood, D. R. 1995. Direct estimate of bioerosion by two parrotfish species, Chlorurus gibbus and C.sordidus, on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Biology 121:419-430. 1995 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Clifton, K. E. 1995. Asynchronous food availability on neighboring Caribbean coral reefs determines seasonal patterns of growth and reproduction for the herbivorous parrotfish Scarus iserti. Marine Ecology Progress Series 116:39-46. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Peyrot-Clausade, M. 1995. Bioerosion carbonate cycle: approach of quantification of its processes in French Polynesia [La bioerosion dans le cycle des carbonates: essais de quantification des processus en Polynesie francaise]. Bulletin - Societe Geologique de France 166:85-94. 1995 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral
Bruggemann, J. H., M. W. M. Kuyper, and A. M. Breeman. 1994. Comparative analysis of foraging and habitat use by the sympatric Caribbean parrotfish Scarus vetula and Sparisoma viride (Scaridae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 112:51-66. 1994 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Dufour, V. 1994. Colonization of fish larvae in lagoons of Rangiroa (Tuamotu Archipelago) and Moorea (Society Archipelago). Atoll Research Bulletin 1994 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Koltes, K. H. 1993. Aspects of the reproductive biology and social structure of the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride at Grand Turk, Turks and Caicos Islands, BWI. Bulletin of Marine Science 52:792-805. 1993 Turks and Caicos Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Lou, D. C. 1993. Growth in juvenile Scarus rivulatus and Ctenochaetus binotatus: a comparison of families Scaridae and Acanthuridae. Journal of Fish Biology 42:15-23. 1993 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Vogel, K. 1993. Bioeroders in fossil reefs. Facies 28:109-113. 1993 Algae; Boring Sponges; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Sponges; Substrate
Harmelin-Vivien, M. L., M. Peyrot-Clausade, and J.-C. Romano. 1992. Transformation of algal turf by echinoids and scarid fishes on French Polynesian coral reefs. Coral Reefs 11:45-50. 1992 Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Turf Algae
Kingsford, M. J. 1992. Spatial and temporal variation in predation on reef fishes by coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus, Serranidae). Coral Reefs 11:193-198. 1992 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kohler, S. T. and C. C. Kohler. 1992. Dead bleached coral provides new surfaces for dinoflagellates implicated in ciguatera fish poisonings. Environmental Biology of Fishes 35:413-416. 1992 US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Lobel, P. S. 1992. Sounds produced by spawning fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 33:351-358. 1992 South & Central America; Caribbean GIS & Maps Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R. 1992. Resource utilization, competition, and predation: a model and example from coral reef grazers. Ecological Modelling 61:195-215. 1992 Review; Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Peyrot-Clausade, M., P. Hutchings, and G. Richard. 1992. Temporal variations of macroborers in massive Porites lobata on Moorea, French Polynesia. Coral Reefs 11:161-166. 1992 Bivalves; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Worms; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Cardwell, J. R. and N. R. Liley. 1991. Androgen control of social status in males of a wild population of stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride (Scaridae). Hormones and Behavior 25:18-Jan. 1991 South & Central America; Belize Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Colin, P. L. and L. J. Bell. 1991. Aspects of the spawning of labrid and scarid fishes (Pisces: Labroidei) at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands with notes on other families. Environmental Biology of Fishes 31:229-260. 1991 Marshall Islands Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Recksiek, C. W., R. S. Appeldoorn, and R. G. Turingan. 1991. Studies of fish traps as stock assessment devices on a shallow reef in south-western Puerto Rico. Fisheries Research 10:177-197. 1991 Puerto Rico Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Russo, A. R. 1991. Do predatory fishes affect the structure of an epiphytal amphipod assemblage on a protected algal reef in Hawaii? Hydrobiologia 224:185-192. 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wainwright, P. C. 1991. Ecomorphology: experimental functional anatomy for ecological problems. American Zoologist 31:680-693. 1991 Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Molluscs; Planktivorous Fish
Bellwood, D. R. and J. H. Choat. 1990. A functional analysis of grazing in parrotfishes (family Scaridae): the ecological implications. Environmental Biology of Fishes 28:189-214. 1990 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Carpenter, R. C. 1990. Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum. II. Effects on population densities and grazing intensity of parrotfishes and surgeonfishes. Marine Biology 104:79-86. 1990 US Virgin Islands Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Clifton, K. E. 1990. The costs and benefits of territory sharing for the Caribbean coral reef fish, Scarus iserti. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 26:139-147. 1990 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Nzioka, R. M. 1990. Fish yield of Kilifi coral reef in Kenya. Hydrobiologia 208:81-84. 1990 Kenya Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Bouchet, P. 1989. A marginellid gastropod parasitizes sleeping fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science 45:76-84. 1989 New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch
Clements, K. D., D. C. Sutton, and J. H. Choat. 1989. Occurrence and characteristics of unusual protistan symbionts from surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Biology 102:403-412. 1989 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Small Herbivorous Fish
Haughton, M. O. and K. A. Aiken. 1989. Biological notes on artificial reefs in Jamaican waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1033-1037. 1989 Jamaica Artificial Habitat; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Klumpp, D. W. and N. V. C. Polunin. 1989. Partitioning among grazers of food resources within damselfish territories on a coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 125:145-169. 1989 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler. 1989. Complex interactions in the control of coral zonation on a Caribbean reef flat. Oecologia 80:331-340. 1989 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Bellwood, D. R. and A. C. Alcala. 1988. The effect of a minimum length specification on visual estimates of density and biomass of coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs 7:23-27. 1988 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Hay, M. E., V. J. Paul, S. M. Lewis, K. Gustafson, J. Tucker, and R. N. Trindell. 1988. Can tropical seaweeds reduce herbivory by growing at night? Diel patterns of growth, nitrogen content, herbivory, and chemical versus morphological defenses. Oecologia 75:233-245. 1988 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Primary Production; Small Herbivorous Fish
Foster, S. A. 1987. The relative impacts of grazing by caribbean coral reef fishes and Diadema: effects of habitat and surge. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105:20-Jan. 1987 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hughes, T. P., D. C. Reed, and M.-J. Boyle. 1987. Herbivory on coral reefs: community structure following mass mortalities of sea urchins. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 113:39-59. 1987 Jamaica Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Lewis, S. M., J. N. Norris, and R. B. Searles. 1987. The regulation of morphological plasticity in tropical reef algae by herbivory. Ecology 68:636-641. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and P. R. Taylor. 1987. Animal-plant defense associations: Effects on the distribution and abundance of tropical reef macrophytes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105:107-121. 1987 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sammarco, P. W., M. J. Risk, and C. Rose. 1987. Effects of grazing and damselfish territoriality on internal bioerosion of dead corals : indirect effects. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 112:185-199. 1987 Australia Boring Sponges; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Worms; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges
Lewis, S. M. 1986. The role of herbivorous in the organization of a caribbean reef community. Ecological Monographs 56:183-200. 1986 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler. 1986. Plant defense associations in the marine environment. Coral Reefs 5:63-71. 1986 South & Central America; Belize Model Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sammarco, P. W., J. H. Carleton, and M. J. Risk. 1986. Effects of grazing and damselfish territoriality on bioerosion of dead corals: Direct effects. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 98:19-Jan. 1986 Australia Algae; Boring Sponges; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges
Choat, J. H. and D. R. Bellwood. 1985. Interactions amongst herbivorous fishes on a coral reef: influence of spatial variation. Marine Biology 89:221-234. 1985 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hay, M. E. and P. R. Taylor. 1985. Competition between herbivourous fishes and urchins on Caribbean reefs. Oecologia 65:591-598. 1985 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lewis, S. M. 1985. Herbivory on coral reefs: algal susceptibility to herbivorous fishes. Oecologia 65:370-375. 1985 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lewis, S. M. and P. C. Wainwright. 1985. Herbivore abundance and grazing intensity on a Caribbean coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 87:215-228. 1985 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wolf, N. G. 1985. Odd fish abandon mixed-species groups when threatened. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 17:47-52. 1985 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Alevizon, W. and D. Landmeier. 1984. Variability in the population structures of four western Atlantic parrotfishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 10:149-158. 1984 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Robblee, M. B. and J. C. Zieman. 1984. Diel variation in the fish fauna of a tropical seagrass feeding ground. Bulletin of Marine Science 34:335-345. 1984 US Virgin Islands Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler. 1983. Algal resistance to herbivory on a Caribbean barrier reef. Coral Reefs 2:111-118. 1983 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dubin, R. E. and J. D. Baker. 1982. Two types of cover-seeking behaviour at sunset by the princess parrotfish, Scarus taeniopterus, at Barbados, West Indies. Bulletin of Marine Science 32:572-583. 1982 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Bouchon-Navaro, Y. and M. L. Harmelin-Vivien. 1981. Quantitative distribution of herbivorous reef fishes in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Marine Biology 63:79-86. 1981 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lobel, P. S. 1981. Trophic biology of herbivorous reef fishes: alimentary pH and digestive capabilities. Journal of Fish Biology 19:365-397. 1981 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Review Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Randall, J. E. and J. H. Choat. 1980. Two new parrotfishes of the genus Scarus from the Central and South Pacific, with further examples of sexual dichromatism. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 70. 1980 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Japan; Samoa; Indonesia; Philippines Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Brock, R. E. 1979. An experimental study on the effects of grazing by parrotfishes and role of refuges in benthic community structure. Marine Biology 51:381-388. 1979 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Stearn, C W. and T. P. Scoffin. 1977. Carbonate budget of a fringing reef, Barbados. Pages 471-476 in Third International Coral Reef Symposium. Miami, FL. 1977 Algae; Bivalves; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Substrate
Ogden, J. C. 1976. Some aspects of herbivore-plant relationships on Caribbean reefs and seagrass beds. Aquatic Botany 2:103-116. 1976 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Roughgarden, J. 1974. Species packing and the competition function with illustrations from coral reef fish. Theoretical Population Biology 5:163-186. 1974 Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mork, E., G. L. Sjoo, N. Kautsky, and T. R. McClanahan. Top-down and bottom-up regulation of macroalgal community structure on a Kenyan reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science Kenya Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Williams, G. J., G. S. Aeby, R. O. Cowie, and S. K. Davy. Predictive modeling of coral disease distribution within a reef system. US Pacific & Hawaii Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Stony Coral

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Economic Markets & Policy: Create Alternative Livelihoods For Fishermen Many fishermen rely on their catch as their family�s main source of income. When restrictions are placed on fishing it can be to the economic detriment of these fishermen. By creating alternative means of earning income for these fishermen, social and economic goals are accomplished while decreasing pressures on natural fish populations. These alternatives often come in the form of aquaculture, which helps to still meet the demand for fish. Another common alternative is tourism; fishermen can use their knowledge and equipment such as boats to accommodate tourism and recreational fishing. All Islands Coral Reef Committee. Local Action Strategies. United States Coral Reef Task Force Accessed 6/13/2011.

Sumaila, U.R., William W. L. Cheung and Louise The. 2007. Rebuilding Hong Kong's marine fisheries: an evaluation of management options. FCRR 2007, Vol. 15(3), Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Health; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Social Assistance; Tourism & Recreation
Fishing & Harvesting Management: Derelict Fishing Gear & Ghost Fishing The term "ghost fishing" is used to describe the capture of marine organisms by lost or abandoned fishing gear. This is particularly a problem with gillnets, trammel nets and pots. Gear is usually lost because it becomes stuck on rough bottoms containing corals and stones, causing the buoy line to break during retrieval. Nets or pots may continue to fish for years, with captured fish and crustaceans dying and serving as attracting bait for more fish and organisms. Ghost fishing may therefore represent a serious problem in many areas, causing hidden fishing mortality over a long period of time. This management option co-insides with (#63) Respond to Natural Resource Injuries form Derelict Vessels. Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Arthropods; Artificial Habitat; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Monitor & Research: Fisheries Sampling Improved fisheries sampling programs require improving the spatial resolution of commercial and recreation fisheries-dependent and fisheries-independent sampling programs to provide statistics on catch and effort. Improved sampling can be achieved through evaluating and enhancing census programs by using smaller sampling areas. Also, fishery pre-recruitment monitoring efforts should be continued for long-term prediction of fishery stocks. Last, investigating life histories of fishery species needs to be conducted because it is currently a gap. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Apex Fish Predators; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Herbivorous Fish
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Public Participation: Assist Seafood Watch Assist Seafood Watch and other sustainable seafood consumption initiatives, in their efforts to educate the public and promote sustainable seafood. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

SeafoodWatch. 2005. Sustainable Seafood Business Practices. Monteray Bay.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Sectors Filling Human Needs
Resource Use Management: Seasonal Fisheries and Harvesting Finfish and shellfish stocks may be more or less susceptible to fishing pressures during certain times of the year. This may be due to seasonality of recruitment and/or changes in food/predation pressures. If fishing restrictions may be more successful if this seasonality is taken into consideration and fishing pressure adjusted accordingly. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Permitting & Zoning; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Catch Quotas Quotas designate the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) allocated to an operating unit such as a country, a vessel, a company or an individual fisherman (individual quota) depending on the system of allocation. Quotas may or may not be transferable, inheritable, and tradable. While generally used to allocate total allowable catch, quotas could be used also to allocate fishing effort or biomass. Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Restoration: Removal of Invasive Algae Benthic organisms on reefs maintain a delicate balance competing for space. In many areas, the competition between coral and algae has fallen out of balance due to confounding factors. Factors such as decreased herbivorous fish and invertebrates, and invasive algae species have allowed faster growing algae to take over many reefs, often growing into smothering mats that cover and kill coral. In Hawaii, there has been some success physically removing invasive algae such as Kappaphycus using underwater vacuums extended down from barges or volunteer events in shallower areas. The Nature Conservancy. 2010.Two Million Pounds of Invasive Algae Removed From Maunalua Bay.

(not cited)

Algae; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Coralline Algae; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Reef Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics

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