Jump to main content or area navigation.

Contact Us

ReefLink Database

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas Emissions affect the earth's climate and temperature, because they trap heat in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gas emissions include chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and water vapor

CMap

Atmospheric Emissions include discharges of atmospheric pollutants, including mercury, greenhouse gases, nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, and volatile organic compounds from the operation of factories, vehicles, and other sources. Climate reflects a region's temperature, humidity, air pressure, and weather. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Economic markets and policies can influence financing and insurance, as well as drive consumer demand for certain types of goods and services. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Environmental monitoring describes the processes and activities that need to take place to characterize and monitor the quality of the physical and chemical environment. Greenhouse Gas Emissions affect the earth's climate and temperature, because they trap heat in the atmosphere. Improved technology refers to innovations in the production or distribution activities of factories, transportation, utilities, and other sectors that can lead to healthier, environmentally and economically improved practices that can save energy, resources, and money over time. Infrastructural policies are responses, including zoning, codes, or regulations, that impact the distribution and functioning of socio-economic sectors that provide infrastructure. Infrastructural sectors provide the physical, organizational, and technical support for the economy to function, including construction, utilities, transportation, finance, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and technical services. Industries in the Manufacturing and Trade subsector produce and sell food, beverage, tobacco, wood, plastics, chemical products, metals, electronics, and machinery products, in both wholesale and retail trade. Manufacturing and trade regulations are laws and policies enacted to control production, distribution, and sale of goods and services. Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions include emissions of non-methane hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, particulates, sulphur oxide, and volatile organic compounds. Ocean acidity reflects the pH of the ocean's surface, and is determined by dissolution rates of atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperatures. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Point & Mobile Source Controls are designated to monitor and limit water discharge pollution from point sources, such as factories, and mobile sources, such as boats. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Toxics are chemical pollutants that are poisonous, carcinogenic, or otherwise directly harmful to humans, plants, or animals. The Transportation Sector involves comprises all modes of transportation (Aviation, Maritime, Mass Transit, Highway, Freight Rail, and Pipeline) The Transportation Systems Sector is segmented into six key subsectors, or modes, which operate independently within both a regulated and non-regulated environment, yet are also highly interdependent. Transportation management includes policies, regulations, and zoning designed to control the distribution and intensity of transportation networks, including roads and shipping channels, and vehicles, including cars, boats, and ships. Utilities specialize in providing basic services for public use, including telecommunications, water systems, natural gas, electric power, and waste management. Utility policies are those that put controls on delivery of utilities to human populations. Water depth reflects the height between the bottom of the seafloor and water surface, and is often indicative of distinct ecological communities (shallow water species; deep water species).

CMap Description

Atmospheric emissions from vehicles and factories can lead to atmospheric deposition of toxic metals, such as mercury, or increase levels of greenhouse gases and contribute to climate change and ocean acidification. Increasing sea temperatures, toxics, and ocean acidity can affect the survival and growth of reef life, including fish, coral, and other invertebrates. Many of the same socio-economic sectors which create atmospheric pollution benefit indirectly from goods and services provided by the reef which provides recreational opportunities and contributes to the cultural identity of the local community and drives coastal development. Atmospheric pollution can be controlled with point-source regulations and updating technology to reduce emissions.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Engle, V. D. 2011. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services by Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands. Wetlands DOI10.1007/s13157-010-0132-9. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Review Carbon Storage & Cycling; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Gray, SM; Hart, FL; Tremblay, MEM; Lisney, TJ; Hawryshyn, CW. 2011. The effects of handling time, ambient light, and anaesthetic method, on the standardized measurement of fish colouration. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68:330-342. 2011 Fish; Light
Hoeke, RK; Jokiel, PL; Buddemeier, RW; Brainard, RE. 2011. Projected Changes to Growth and Mortality of Hawaiian Corals over the Next 100 Years. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ied, IM; Holcova, K; Abd-Elshafy, E. 2011. Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Burdigalian-Serravallian sediments in Wadi Sudr (Gulf of Suez, Egypt): comparison with the Central Paratethys evolution. Geologica Carpathica 62:233-249. 2011 Global; Egypt Algae; Salinity; Sediment
Kachhara, RP; Jodhawat, RL; Devi, KB. 2011. Molluscan Biostratigraphy Of The Palaeogene Sediments Around Lakhpat, Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Journal of the Paleontological Society of India 56:17-28. 2011 India Sediment
Kelly, R. P., M. M. Foley, W. S. Fisher, R. A. Feely, B. S. Halpern, G. G. Waldbusser, and M. R. Caldwell 1. 2011. Mitigating Local Causes of Ocean Acidification with Existing Laws. Science 332:1036-1037. 2011 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Ocean Acidity
Koehn, JD; Hobday, AJ; Pratchett, MS; Gillanders, BM. 2011. Climate change and Australian marine and freshwater environments, fishes and fisheries: synthesis and options for adaptation. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:1148-1164. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Climate; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Maignien, L; Depreiter, D; Foubert, A; Reveillaud, J; De Mol, L; Boeckx, P; Blamart, D; Henriet, JP; Boon, N. 2011. Anaerobic oxidation of methane in a cold-water coral carbonate mound from the Gulf of Cadiz. International Journal of Earth Sciences 100:1413-1422. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Navalgund, RR; Singh, RP. 2011. Climate Change Studies Using Space Based Observation. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 39:281-295. 2011 Global; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Irrigation; Light; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Russon, T; Elliot, M; Sadekov, A; Cabioch, G; Correge, T; De Deckker, P. 2011. The mid-Pleistocene transition in the subtropical southwest Pacific. Paleoceanography 26. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton; Sediment
Salvat, B; Wilkinson, C. 2011. Cyclones And Climate Change In The South Pacific. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 66:105-115. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shahbudin, S; Deny, S; Zakirun, AMT; Haziyamin, TAH; John, BA; Taher, M. 2011. Antioxidant Properties of Soft Coral Dendronephthya sp. International Journal of Pharmacology 7:263-267. 2011 Octocoral; Pathogens
Sutherland, WJ; Bardsley, S; Bennun, L; Clout, M; Cote, IM; Depledge, MH; Dicks, LV; Dobson, AP; Fellman, L; Fleishman, E; Gibbons, DW; Impey, AJ; Lawton, JH; Lickorish, F; Lindenmayer, DB; Lovejoy, TE; Mac Nally, R; Madgwick, J; Peck, LS; Pretty, J; Prio. 2011. Horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2011. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26:10-16. 2011 Global Review Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Invasive Species; Pathogens; Schools & Colleges
Sweeney, AM; Boch, CA; Johnsen, S; Morse, DE. 2011. Twilight spectral dynamics and the coral reef invertebrate spawning response. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:770-777. 2011 Hydrocoral; Light; Sponges; Stony Coral
Templer, SP; Wehrmann, LM; Zhang, Y; Vasconcelos, C; McKenzie, JA. 2011. Microbial community composition and biogeochemical processes in cold-water coral carbonate mounds in the Gulf of Cadiz, on the Moroccan margin. Marine Geology 282:138-148. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Microorganisms; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Thurber, AR; Jones, WJ; Schnabel, K. 2011. Dancing for Food in the Deep Sea: Bacterial Farming by a New Species of Yeti Crab. PLoS One 6. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Van Rooij, D; Blamart, D; De Mol, L; Mienis, F; Pirlet, H; Wehrmann, LM; Barbieri, R; Maignien, L; Templer, SP; de Haas, H; Hebbeln, D; Frank, N; Larmagnat, S; Stadnitskaia, A; Stivaletta, N; van Weering, T; Zhang, Y; Hamoumi, N; Cnudde, V; Duyck, P; Henr. 2011. Cold-water coral mounds on the Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz: The MICROSYSTEMS project approach. Marine Geology 282:102-117. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wehrmann, LM; Templer, SP; Brunner, B; Bernasconi, SM; Maignien, L; Ferdelman, TG. 2011. The imprint of methane seepage on the geochemical record and early diagenetic processes in cold-water coral mounds on Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz. Marine Geology 282:118-137. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Sediment
Witt, V; Wild, C; Anthony, KRN; Diaz-Pulido, G; Uthicke, S. 2011. Effects of ocean acidification on microbial community composition of, and oxygen fluxes through, biofilms from the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Microbiology 13:2976-2989. 2011 Australia; Cuba Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Stony Coral
Al-Banna, N. Y., M. M. Al-Mutwali, and N. R. Ismail. 2010. Oligocene stratigraphy in the Sinjar Basin, northwestern Iraq. GeoArabia 15:17-44. 2010 Europe Sediment
Al-Zereini, W., C. B. F. F. Yao, H. Laatsch, and H. Anke. 2010. Aqabamycins A-G: novel nitro maleimides from a marine Vibrio species: I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activities. Journal of Antibiotics 63:297-301. 2010 Octocoral
Burns, K. A., D. L. Brinkman, G. J. Brunskill, G. A. Logan, H. Volk, K. Wasmund, and I. Zagorskis. 2010. Fluxes and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Timor Sea ecosystem with special reference to active natural hydrocarbon seepage. Marine Chemistry 118:140-155. 2010 Australia Model Microorganisms; Oil & Gas Industry; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Water Depth & Sea Level
Comeau, S., R. Jeffree, J. L. Teyssie, and J. P. Gattuso. 2010. Response of the Arctic Pteropod Limacina helicina to Projected Future Environmental Conditions. PLoS One 5:e11362. 2010 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Whales & Dolphins
Crawley, A., D. I. Kline, S. Dunn, K. Anthony, and S. Dove. 2010. The effect of ocean acidification on symbiont photorespiration and productivity in Acropora formosa. Global Change Biology 16:851-863. 2010 CO2; Light; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Etiope, G., A. Savini, N. Lo Bue, P. Favali, and C. Corselli. 2010. Deep-sea survey for the detection of methane at the "Santa Maria di Leuca" cold-water coral mounds (Ionian Sea, South Italy). Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57:431-440. 2010 Lab Study Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment
Frolicher, T. L. and F. Joos. 2010. Reversible and irreversible impacts of greenhouse gas emissions in multi-century projections with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Climate Dynamics 35:1439-1459. 2010 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fujikura, K., D. Lindsay, H. Kitazato, S. Nishida, and Y. Shirayama. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in Japanese Waters. PLoS One 5:e11836. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan
Hofmann, M. and H. J. Schellnhuber. 2010. Ocean acidification: a millennial challenge. Energy & Environmental Science 3:1883-1896. 2010 Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity
Jackson, J. B. C. 2010. The future of the oceans past. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365:3765-3778. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Climate; Finfish Harvest; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity
Jones, A. T., J. Greinert, D. A. Bowden, I. Klaucke, C. J. Petersen, G. L. Netzeband, and W. Weinrebe. 2010. Acoustic and visual characterisation of methane-rich seabed seeps at Omakere Ridge on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Marine Geology 272:154-169. 2010 GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Worms; Microorganisms
Lavoie, D., N. Pinet, M. Duchesne, A. Bolduc, and R. Larocque. 2010. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from active hydrocarbon seeps of the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27:1262-1272. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Liebetrau, V., A. Eisenhauer, and P. Linke. 2010. Cold seep carbonates and associated cold-water corals at the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: New insights into fluid pathways, growth structures and geochronology. Marine Geology 272:307-318. 2010 Index or Indicator Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Logan, C. A. 2010. A Review of Ocean Acidification and America's Response. Bioscience 60:819-828. 2010 Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity
Pedder, A. E. H. 2010. Lower-Middle Devonian rugose coral faunas of Nevada: Contribution to an understanding of the "barren" E Zone and Chotec Event in the Great Basin. Bulletin of Geosciences 85:1-26. 2010 Oman; Europe Review; Index or Indicator
Pelejero, C., E. Calvo, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2010. Paleo-perspectives on ocean acidification. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25:332-344. 2010 Review CO2; Ocean Acidity
Rastogi, R. P., Richa, R. P. Sinha, S. P. Singh, and D. P. Hader. 2010. Photoprotective compounds from marine organisms. Journal Of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 37:537-558. 2010 Algae; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton
Suwa, R., M. Nakamura, M. Morita, K. Shimada, A. Iguchi, K. Sakai, and A. Suzuki. 2010. Effects of acidified seawater on early life stages of scleractinian corals (Genus Acropora). Fisheries Science 76:93-99. 2010 CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Williams, B. and A. G. Grottoli. 2010. Recent shoaling of the nutricline and thermocline in the western tropical Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L22601. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients
Wilson, B. 2010. Effect Of Hurricanes On Guilds Of Nearshore Epiphytal Foraminifera, Nevis, West Indies. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 40:327-343. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Banaszak, A. T. and M. P. Lesser. 2009. Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on coral reef organisms. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 8:1276-1294. 2009 Global Review Climate; Light; Ocean Acidity
Baskett, M. L., S. D. Gaines, and R. M. Nisbet. 2009. Symbiont diversity may help coral reefs survive moderate climate change. Ecological Applications 19:17-Mar. 2009 Model Algae; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Zooxanthellae
Basti, D., I. Bricknell, D. Beane, and D. Bouchard. 2009. Recovery from a near-lethal exposure to ultraviolet-C radiation in a scleractinian coral. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 101:43-48. 2009 Light; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Brierley, A. S. and M. J. Kingsford. 2009. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems. Current Biology 19:R602-R614. 2009 Global Review Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cooley, S. R. and S. C. Doney. 2009. Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries. Environmental Research Letters 4:24007. 2009 Review; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Modelling effects of geoengineering options in response to climate change and global warming: Implications for coral reefs. Computational Biology and Chemistry 33:415-420. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review; Model Climate; CO2; Light; Mitigation; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Donner, S. D. 2009. Coping with commitment: Projected thermal stress on coral reefs under different future scenarios. PLoS One 4. 2009 Global Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Sea Temperatures; Shoreline Protection
Foubert, A. and J.-P. Henriet. 2009. Carbonate mounds in the gulf of Cadiz. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 126:225-255. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring
Haas, A., C. T. S. Little, H. Sahling, G. Bohrmann, T. Himmler, and J. Peckmann. 2009. Mineralization of vestimentiferan tubes at methane seeps on the Congo deep-sea fan. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56:283-293. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Sediment
Hanelt, D. and M. Y. Roleda. 2009. UVB radiation may ameliorate photoinhibition in specific shallow-water tropical marine macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 91:12-Jun. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Harris, A. C., N. C. White, J. McPhie, S. W. Bull, M. A. Line, R. Skrzeczynski, T. P. Mernagh, and R. M. Tosdal. 2009. Early Archean Hot Springs above Epithermal Veins, North Pole, Western Australia: New Insights from Fluid Inclusion Microanalysis. Economic Geology 104:793-814. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kannan, R. and D. A. James. 2009. Effects of climate change on global biodiversity: A review of key literature. Tropical Ecology 50:31-39. 2009 Global; South & Central America Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Pathogens
Kate, A. S., J. K. Pearson, B. Ramanathan, K. Richard, and R. G. Kerr. 2009. Isolation, Biomimetic Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activity of Bis(pseudopterane) Amines. Journal of Natural Products 72:1331-1334. 2009 Octocoral
Liu, Y., W. Liu, Z. Peng, Y. Xiao, G. Wei, W. Sun, J. He, G. Liu, and C.-L. Chou. 2009. Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:1264-1272. 2009 China Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
MacCracken, M. C. 2009. On the possible use of geoengineering to moderate specific climate change impacts. Environmental Research Letters 4:45107. 2009 Global Climate; Light; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Makarow, M., R. Ceulemans, and L. Horn. 2009. Science Policy Briefing: Impacts of Ocean Acidification. 37, European Science Foundation, France. 2009 Global; Europe Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Ocean Acidity
Mooney, H., A. Larigauderie, M. Cesario, T. Elmquist, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, S. Lavorel, G. M. Mace, M. Palmer, R. Scholes, and T. Yahara. 2009. Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability 1:46-54. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nelson, M., W. F. Dempster, and J. P. Allen. 2009. The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems. Advances in Space Research 44:1404-1412. 2009 Global Lab Study Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Irrigation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Nelson, W. A. 2009. Calcified macroalgae - critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:787-801. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; CO2; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Omann, I., A. Stocker, and J. Jager. 2009. Climate change as a threat to biodiversity: an application of the DPSIR approach. Ecological Economics 69:24-31. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Primary Production; Water Depth & Sea Level
Parks, N. 2009. Is regulation on ocean acidification on the horizon? Environmental Science and Technology 6118-6119. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Petkewich, R. 2009. Off-balance ocean. Chemical and Engineering News 87. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Rathburn, A. E., L. A. Levin, M. Tryon, J. M. Gieskes, J. M. Martin, M. E. Perez, F. J. Fodrie, C. Neira, G. J. Fryer, G. Mendoza, P. A. McMillan, J. Kluesner, J. Adamic, and W. Ziebis. 2009. Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian margin (1965-4822 m). Progress in Oceanography 80:22-50. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Microorganisms; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics
Roosmawati, N. and R. Harris. 2009. Surface uplift history of the incipient Banda arc-continent collision: Geology and synorogenic foraminifera of Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 479:95-110. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rushdi, A. I., T. A. T. A. Kassim, and B. R. T. Simoneit. 2009. Organic tracers in sediments from the coastal zone of Ras Abu el-Darag, Gulf of Suez. Environmental Geology 58:1675-1687. 2009 Index or Indicator Cleaner & Solvent Use; Sediment
Stirling, C. H. and M. B. Andersen. 2009. Uranium-series dating of fossil coral reefs: Extending the sea-level record beyond the last glacial cycle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 284:269-283. 2009 Lab Study; Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Veron, J. E. N., O. Hoegh-Guldberg, T. M. Lenton, J. M. Lough, D. O. Obura, P. Pearce-Kelly, C. R. C. Sheppard, M. Spaldin, M. G. Stafford-Smith, and A. D. Rogers. 2009. The coral reef crisis: the critical importance of <350 ppm CO2. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1428-1436. 2009 Global Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures
Wasmund, K., D. I. Kurtboke, K. A. Burns, and D. G. Bourne. 2009. Microbial diversity in sediments associated with a shallow methane seep in the tropical Timor Sea of Australia reveals a novel aerobic methanotroph diversity. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 68:142-151. 2009 Australia Microorganisms; Sediment
Wehrmann, L. M., N. J. Knab, H. Pirlet, V. Unnithan, C. Wild, and T. G. Ferdelman. 2009. Carbon mineralization and carbonate preservation in modern cold-water coral reef sediments on the Norwegian shelf. Biogeosciences 6:663-680. 2009 Model Sediment
Wehrmann, L. M., S. P. Templer, L. Maignien, S. M. Bernasconi, B. Brunner, and T. G. Ferdelman. 2009. The imprint of methane seepage on geochemical processes in cold-water coral mounds on Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:A1424-A1424. 2009
Wei, G., M. T. McCulloch, G. Mortimer, W. Deng, and L. Xie. 2009. Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:2332-2346. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wright, A. D., J. L. Nielson, D. M. Tapiolas, C. A. Motti, S. P. B. Ovenden, P. S. Kearns, and C. H. Liptrot. 2009. Detailed NMR, Including 1,1-ADEQUATE, and Anticancer Studies of Compounds from the Echinoderm Colobometra perspinosa. Marine Drugs 7:565-575. 2009 Australia Echinoderms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zielinski, F. U., A. Pernthaler, S. Duperron, L. Raggi, O. Giere, C. Borowski, and N. Dubilier. 2009. Widespread occurrence of an intranuclear bacterial parasite in vent and seep bathymodiolin mussels. Environmental Microbiology 11:1150-1167. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Bivalves; Echinoderms; Sponges
[No author name available]. 2008. Feature 5: Poland report: Baltic Design at the centre. Page 171 Naval Architect. 2008 Poland
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, Rachmansyah, F. Tirendi, A. D. McKinnon, and M. C. Undu. 2008. Growth and development of mangrove forests overlying smothered coral reefs, Sulawesi and Sumatra, Indonesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 370:97-109. 2008 Indonesia Index or Indicator Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Nutrients
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, and J. Pfitzner. 2008. Biogeochemistry of inter-reef sediments on the northern and central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:407-420. 2008 Australia; Cuba Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment
Andersson, A. J., F. T. Mackenzie, and N. R. Bates. 2008. Life on the margin: Implications of ocean acidification on Mg-calcite, high latitude and cold-water marine calcifiers. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:265-273. 2008 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Baker, A.C., P.W. Glynn, B. Riegl. 2008. Climate change and coral reef bleaching: an ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 80:435-471. 2008 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India Review; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Campbell, K. A., D. A. Francis, M. Collins, M. R. Gregory, C. S. Nelson, J. Greinert, and P. Aharon. 2008. Hydrocarbon seep-carbonates of a Miocene forearc (East Coast Basin), North Island, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology 204:83-105. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment
Casellato, S. and A. Stefanon. 2008. Coralligenous habitat in the northern Adriatic Sea: An overview. Marine Ecology 29:321-341. 2008 Algae; Sediment
Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Pipeline Maintenance Best Practices: Lessons Learned from the Natural Gas STAR Program. Charlotte (North Carolina). 2008 Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines
Foubert, A., D. Depreiter, T. Beck, L. Maignien, B. Pannemans, N. Frank, D. Blamart, and J.-P. Henriet. 2008. Carbonate mounds in a mud volcano province off north-west Morocco: Key to processes and controls. Marine Geology 248:74-96. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gaetani, M., R. Mawson, D. Sciunnach, and J. A. Talent. 2008. The Devonian of Western Karakorum (Pakistan). Acta Geologica Polonica 58:261-285. 2008 Sediment
Gibson. T., H. Wanless, J. Klaus, P. Foster-Turley, K. Florini, T. Olson. 2008. Corals and Climate Change: Florida�s Natural Treasures at Risk. Environmental Defense Fund. 2008 Global; Florida Climate; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Pathogens; Primary Production; Recreational Fishing; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gonzalez-Leon, C. M., R. W. Scott, H. Loser, T. F. Lawton, E. Robert, and V. A. Valencia. 2008. Upper Aptian-Lower Albian Mural Formation: stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and depositional cycles on the Sonoran shelf, northern Mexico. Cretaceous Research 29:249-266. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico
Guinotte, J. M. and V. J. Fabry. 2008. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:320-342. 2008 Review Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses
Han, X., E. Suess, Y. Huang, N. Wu, G. Bohrmann, X. Su, A. Eisenhauer, G. Rehder, and Y. Fang. 2008. Jiulong methane reef: Microbial mediation of seep carbonates in the South China Sea. Marine Geology 249:243-256. 2008 China Calcium Carbonate Deposition
Han, Y.-F., L. Chen, K. Ramesh, Z. Zhong, F. Chen, J. Chin, and H. Mook. 2008. Coral-like nanostructured α-Mn2O3 nanaocrystals for catalytic combustion of methane. Part I. Preparation and characterization. Catalysis Today 131:35-41. 2008
Hautmann, M., M. J. Benton, and A. Tomasovych. 2008. Catastrophic ocean acidification at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen 249:119-127. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Islamoglu, Y. 2008. Molluscan biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental reconstruction of Oligocene deposits in the Denizli and Kale-Tavas subbasins (SW Turkey). Geodiversitas 30:261-285. 2008 Antigua; Iran Stony Coral
Jackson, J. B. C. 2008. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:11458-11465. 2008 Global Agriculture; Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
Janairo, J. R. O., G. C. Janairo, C. Y. Ragasa, and B. F. Bowden. 2008. A marine verticillane diterpenoid from Cespitularia erecta. Natural Product Research 22:48-52. 2008
Jensen, S., J. D. Neufeld, N.-K. Birkeland, M. Hovland, and J. C. Murrell. 2008. Insight into the microbial community structure of a Norwegian deep-water coral reef environment. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 55:1554-1563. 2008 Australia; Norway Plankton; Sediment; Sponges
Jensen, S., J. D. Neufeld, N.-K. Birkeland, M. Hovland, and J. C. Murrell. 2008. Methane assimilation and trophic interactions with marine Methylomicrobium in deep-water coral reef sediment off the coast of Norway. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 66:320-330. 2008 Cuba; Europe; Norway Sediment
Kilgour, M. J. and T. C. Shirley. 2008. Eumunida picta S. I. Smith, 1883, and Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758): A relationship or just good friends? Crustaceana 81:587-593. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico
Kuffner, I. B., A. J. Andersson, P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, and F. T. MacKenzie. 2008. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geoscience 1:114-117. 2008 Algae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity
Kurihara, H. 2008. Effects of CO2-driven ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:275-284. 2008 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lough, J. M. 2008. 10th Anniversary Review: A changing climate for coral reefs. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10:21-29. 2008 Global Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Mitigation
Mayor, D. 2008. Acid oceans. Planet Earth 22-23. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Mikes, T., D. Christ, R. Petri, I. Dunkl, D. Frei, M. Baldi-Beke, J. Reitner, K. Wemmer, H. Hrvatovic, and H. Eynatten. 2008. Provenance of the Bosnian Flysch. in Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 2008 Sediment
Roberts, D., W. R. Howard, A. D. Moy, J. L. Roberts, T. W. Trull, S. G. Bray, and R. R. Hopcroft. 2008. Interannual variability of pteropod shell weights in the high-CO 2 Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences Discussions 5:4453-4480. 2008 Lab Study CO2; Molluscs; Sediment
Rushdi, A. I., T. A. T. A. Kassim, and B. R. T. Simoneit. 2008. Organic tracers in sediments from the coastal zone of Ras Abu el-Darag, Gulf of Suez. Environmental Geology 13-Jan. 2008 Index or Indicator Cleaner & Solvent Use; Sediment
Sandvik, H. 2008. Public concern over global warming correlates negatively with national wealth. Climatic change 90:333-341. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Schroder, P., R. Herzig, B. Bojinov, A. Ruttens, E. Nehnevajova, S. Stamatiadis, A. Memon, A. Vassilev, M. Caviezel, and J. Vangronsveld. 2008. Bioenergy to save the world: Producing novel energy plants for growth on abandoned land. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 15:196-204. 2008 Global; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Domestic Animal Waste; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Selkoe, K. A., B. S. Halpern, and R. J. Toonen. 2008. Evaluating anthropogenic threats to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1149-1165. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Temperatures
The Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre. 2008. Position analysis: CO2 emissions and climate change: ocean impacts and adaptation issues. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity
Veron, J. E. N. 2008. Mass extinctions and ocean acidification: Biological constraints on geological dilemmas. Coral Reefs 27:459-472. 2008 Review Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Salinity
Waelbroeck, C., N. Frank, J. Jouzel, F. Parrenin, V. Masson-Delmotte, and D. Genty. 2008. Transferring radiometric dating of the last interglacial sea level high stand to marine and ice core records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 265:183-194. 2008 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Plankton; Water Depth & Sea Level
Wei, X., C. Z. Jia, W. G. Meng, and Y. J. Zhu. 2008. Characteristics, origin and geological significance of rhizolith in Shidao of Xisha Islands. Acta Petrologica Sinica 24:2415-2422. 2008 Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Sediment
Zeebe, R. E., J. C. Zachos, K. Caldeira, and T. Tyrrell. 2008. Oceans: Carbon emissions and acidification. Science 321:51-52. 2008 Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Zepp, R. G., G. C. Shank, E. Stabenau, K. W. Patterson, M. Cyterski, W. Fisher, E. Bartels, and S. L. Anderson. 2008. Spatial and temporal variability of solar ultraviolet exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys: Importance of colored dissolved organic matter. Limnology and Oceanography 53:1909-1922. 2008 Florida Model Light; Primary Production
Zoheir, B. A. 2008. Characteristics and genesis of shear zone-related gold mineralization in Egypt: A case study from the Um El Tuyor mine, south Eastern Desert. Ore Geology Reviews 34:445-470. 2008 Egypt; Sudan Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Salinity; Sediment
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, and J. Pfitzner. 2007. Deposition, mineralization, and storage of carbon and nitrogen in sediments of the far northern and northern Great Barrier Reef shelf. Continental Shelf Research 27:2595-2622. 2007 Australia; Cuba; Europe CO2; Discharges; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Artzy-Randrup, Y., R. Olinky, L Stone. 2007. Size-structured demographic models of coral populations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 245:482-497. 2007 Model; Rate functions Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Cainey, J. M., M. Keywood, E. K. Bigg, M. R. Grose, R. W. Gillett, and M. Meyer. 2007. Flux chamber study of particle formation from Durvillaea potatorum. Environmental Chemistry 4:151-154. 2007 Light
Donner, S. D., T. R. Knutson, and M. Oppenheimer. 2007. Model-based assessment of the role of human-induced climate change in the 2005 Caribbean coral bleaching event. 39453. 2007 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures; Storms & Hurricanes
Harvey, L. D. D. 2007. Dangerous anthropogenic interference, dangerous climatic change, and harmful climatic change: Non-trivial distinctions with significant policy implications. Climatic change 82:25-Jan. 2007 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton
Hirayama, H., M. Sunamura, K. Takai, T. Nunoura, T. Noguchi, H. Oida, Y. Furushima, H. Yamamoto, T. Oomori, and K. Horikoshi. 2007. Culture-dependent and -independent characterization of microbial communities associated with a shallow submarine hydrothermal system occurring within a coral reef off Taketomi Island, Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:7642-7656. 2007 Japan Microorganisms; Primary Production
Judd, A., P. Croker, L. Tizzard, and C. Voisey. 2007. Extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonates in the Irish Sea. Geo-Marine Letters 27:259-267. 2007 Europe GIS & Maps Sediment
Kang, L., J. Zhang, H. Lian, and M. Luo. 2007. Co-pyrolysis characteristics of coal and natural gas. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 24:508-511. 2007 Coal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Lein, A. YU ., O. YU . Bogdanova, YU .A . Bogdanov, and L. I. Magazina. 2007. Mineralogical and geochemical features of authigenic carbonates on seepings and hydrothermal fields (By the examples of the Black Sea reefs and the mounds of the lost city field). Oceanology 47:537-553. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms
McGrath, C. 2007. Setting climate change targets to protect the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental and Planning Law Journal 24:182-197. 2007 Global; Australia Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Musat, N., O. Giere, A. Gieseke, F. Thiermann, R. Amann, and N. Dubilier. 2007. Molecular and morphological characterization of the association between bacterial endosymbionts and the marine nematode Astomonema sp. from the Bahamas: Brief report. Environmental Microbiology 9:1345-1353. 2007 Bahamas Marine Worms; Sediment
Nisbet, E. G., N. V. Grassineau, C. J. Howe, P. I. Abell, M. Regelous, and R. E. R. Nisbet. 2007. The age of Rubisco: The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Geobiology 5:311-335. 2007 CO2; Primary Production
Nurse, L. and R. Moore. 2007. Critical considerations for future action during the second commitment period: A small islands' perspective. Natural Resources Forum 31:102-110. 2007 Global Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Water Depth & Sea Level
Poloczanska, E. S., R. C. Babcock, A. Butler, A. J. Hobday, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, T. J. Kunz, R. Matear, D. A. Milton, T. A. Okey, and A. J. Richardson. 2007. Climate change and Australian marine life. Oceanography and Marine Biology 45:407-478. 2007 Australia Model Climate; Fish; Light; Ocean Acidity; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Poty, E. and E. Chevalier. 2007. Late Frasnian phillipsastreid biostromes in Belgium. Geological Society Special Publication 143-161. 2007 Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ramesh, K., L. Chen, F. Chen, Z. Zhong, J. Chin, H. Mook, and Y.-F. Han. 2007. Preparation and characterization of coral-like nanostructured α-Mn2O3 catalyst for catalytic combustion of methane. Catalysis Communications 8:1421-1426. 2007
Reimer, J. D., F. Sinniger, Y. Fujiwara, S. Hirano, and T. Maruyama. 2007. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia:Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep. Invertebrate Systematics 21:255-262. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Sediment
Treude, T., V. Orphan, K. Knittel, A. Gieseke, C. H. House, and A. Boetius. 2007. Consumption of methane and CO2 by methanotrophic microbial mats from gas seeps of the anoxic Black Sea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:2271-2283. 2007 Cuba CO2; Microorganisms
Zepp, R.G., G.C. Shank, E. Stabenau, K.W. Patterson, and M. Cyterski. 2007. Geographic and seasonal variations in UV exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys. Limnology and Oceanography 2007 Florida Model Light; Primary Production
Zhao, M. J., S. C. Zhang, L. Zhao, and J. Da. 2007. Geochemical features and genesis of the natural gas and bitumen in paleo-oil reservoirs of Nanpanjiang Basin, China. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 50:689-701. 2007 China Natural Gas & Electric Power
Ahmed, A. F., Y.-T. Hsieh, Z.-H. Wen, Y.-C. Wu, and J.-H. Sheu. 2006. Polyoxygenated sterols from the formosan soft coral Sinularia gibberosa. Journal of Natural Products 69:1275-1279. 2006 Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Noe, S., J. Titschack, A. Freiwald, and W.-C. Dullo. 2006. From sediment to rock: Diagenetic processes of hardground formation in deep-water carbonate mounds of the NE Atlantic. Facies 52:183-208. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Microorganisms; Plankton; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Olson, J. M. 2006. Photosynthesis in the Archean era. Photosynthesis Research 88:109-117. 2006 Australia; South Africa Cyanobacteria; Primary Production
Raina, S., W. P. Kang, J. L. Davidson, A. B. Bonds, D. E. Cliffel, and M. Howell. 2006. A novel \coral\" carbon microprobe with and without N2 incorporation". Diamond and Related Materials 15:1844-1848. 2006 Nutrients
Ritar, A. J., G. G. Smith, and C. W. Thomas. 2006. Ozonation of seawater improves the survival of larval southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, in culture from egg to juvenile. Aquaculture 261:1014-1025. 2006 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Pathogens
Wang, S.-W., S.-Y. Gong, H.-S. Mii, and C.-F. Dai. 2006. Cold-seep carbonate hardgrounds as the initial substrata of coral reef development in a siliciclastic paleoenvironment of southwestern Taiwan. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 17:405-427. 2006 Taiwan Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Substrate
Yamamoto, K., Y. Iryu, T. Sato, S. Chiyonobu, K. Sagae, and E. Abe. 2006. Responses of coral reefs to increased amplitude of sea-level changes at the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241:160-175. 2006 Climate; Sediment
[No author name available]. 2005. Integrated ocean drilling program expedition 307 preliminary report: Modern carbonate mounds: Porcupine drilling. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 307:Jan-58. 2005 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
[No author name available]. 2005. News: Acidification of the seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:794. 2005 Global CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton
Benito, M. I., K. C. Lohmann, and R. Mas. 2005. Late Jurassic paleogeography and paleoclimate in the northern Iberian Basin of Spain: Constraints from diagenetic records in reefal and continental carbonates. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75:82-96. 2005 Spain Climate; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Borges, A. V. 2005. Do we have enough pieces of the jigsaw to integrate CO2 fluxes in the coastal ocean? Estuaries 28:27-Mar. 2005 Global CO2; Mangroves
Burns, C., K. A. Campbell, and R. Mooi. 2005. Exceptional crinoid occurrences and associated carbonates of the Keasey Formation (Early Oligocene) at Mist, Oregon, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 227:210-231. 2005 GIS & Maps Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Substrate
Carboni, M. G., L. Bergamin, L. Di Bella, B. Landini, L. Manfra, and P. Vesica. 2005. Late Quaternary paleoclimatic and paleoenviromental changes in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Quaternary Science Reviews 24:2069-2082. 2005 Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dimitrov, R. S. 2005. Precaution in global environmental politics. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 5:96-113. 2005 Global Deforestation & Devegetation
Donner, S. D., W. J. Skirving, C. M. Little, M. Oppenheimer, and O. Hoegh-Gulberg. 2005. Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates of adaptation under climate change. Global Change Biology 11:2251-2265. 2005 Global; Micronesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral
Hallock, P. 2005. Global change and modern coral reefs: New opportunities to understand shallow-water carbonate depositional processes. Sedimentary Geology 175:19-33. 2005 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Finfish Harvest; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Sunscreen Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Hernando, M.P., G.A. Ferreyra. 2005. The effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis in an Antarctic diatom (Thalassiosira sp.): Does vertical mixing matter? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 325:35-45. 2005 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Light; Plankton; Primary Production
Hileman, B. 2005. Stark effects from global warming. Chemical and Engineering News 83:47-48. 2005 Global Climate; CO2
Keller, K., M. Hall, S.-R. Kim, D. F. Bradford, and M. Oppenheimer. 2005. Avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Climatic change 73:227-238. 2005 Global Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Knittel, K., T. Losekann, A. Boetius, R. Kort, and R. Amann. 2005. Diversity and distribution of methanotrophic archaea at cold seeps. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71:467-479. 2005 Fish; Sediment
Lathuiliere, B., C. Gaillard, N. Habrant, Y. Bodeur, A. Boullier, R. Enay, M. Hanzo, D. Marchand, J. Thierry, and W. Werner. 2005. Coral zonation of an Oxfordian reef tract in the northern French Jura. Facies 50:545-559. 2005 Global; France Model Sediment
Monbiot, G. 2005. Climate change: A crisis of collective denial? Environmental Law and Management 17:57-61. 2005 Global Apex Fish Predators; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton; Skeletal Coral
Niemann, H., M. Elvert, M. Hovland, B. Orcutt, A. Judd, I. Suck, J. Gutt, S. Joye, E. Damm, K. Finster, and A. Boetius. 2005. Methane emission and consumption at a North Sea gas seep (Tommeliten area). Biogeosciences Discussions 2:1197-1241. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Microorganisms; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Oemcke, D. J. and J. Van Leeuwen. 2005. Ozonation of the marine dinoflagellate alga Amphidinium sp. - Implications for ballast water disinfection. Water Research 39:5119-5125. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Algae; Ballast Discharge; Sediment
O'Hare, G., A. Johnson, and R. Pope. 2005. Current shifts in abrupt climate change: The stability of the North Atlantic conveyor and its influence on future climate. Geography 90:250-266. 2005 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; Index or Indicator Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment
Pimenov, N. V. and A. E. Ivanova. 2005. Anaerobic methane oxidation and sulfate reduction in bacterial mats on coral-like carbonate structures in the Black Sea. Microbiology 74:362-370. 2005 Cuba CO2; Microorganisms; Substrate
Scheibner, C., R. P. Speijer, and A. M. Marzouk. 2005. Turnover of larger foraminifera during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and paleoclimatic control on the evolution of platform ecosystems. Geology 33:493-496. 2005 Global; Egypt Climate; Nutrients
Schroder, H. C., G. Di Bella, N. Janipour, R. Bonaventura, R. Russo, W. E. Muller, and V. Matranga. 2005. DNA damage and developmental defects after exposure to UV and heavy metals in sea urchin cells and embryos compared to other invertebrates. Progress in molecular and subcellular biology 39:111-137. 2005 Index or Indicator Invertebrates; Light; Sea Urchins; Sponges
Stohr, S. and M. Segonzac. 2005. Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from reducing and non-reducing environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85:383-402. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Mexico Echinoderms; Molluscs
Treude, T., K. Knittel, M. Blumenberg, R. Seifert, and A. Boetius. 2005. Subsurface microbial methanotrophic mats in the Black Sea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71:6375-6378. 2005 Sediment
Vandamme, N. S. and L. D. T. Topoleski. 2005. Control of surface morphology of carbide coating on Co-Cr-Mo implant alloy. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 16:647-654. 2005
Vroom, P. S., K. N. Page, K. A. Peyton, and J. K. Kukea-Shultz. 2005. Spatial heterogeneity of benthic community assemblages with an emphasis on reef algae at French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawai'ian Islands. Coral Reefs 24:574-581. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Williams, M., M. Stephenson, I. P. Wilkinson, M. J. Leng, and C. G. Miller. 2005. Early Carboniferous (Late Tournaisian-Early Visean) ostracods from the Ballagan Formation, central Scotland, UK. Journal of Micropalaeontology 24:77-94. 2005 Index or Indicator Sediment
Yu, K.-F., J.-X. Zhao, G.-J. Wei, X.-R. Cheng, and P.-X. Wang. 2005. Mid-late Holocene monsoon climate retrieved from seasonal Sr/Ca and δ18O records of Porites lutea corals at Leizhou Peninsula, northern coast of South China Sea. Global and Planetary Change 47:301-316. 2005 Global; China Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Light; Stony Coral
Zhang, S.-H. and D.-S. Xiong. 2005. Preparation and characterization of β-tricalcium phosphate porous bioceramic. Nanjing Li Gong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology 29:231-235. 2005 CO2
[No author name available]. 2004. Analysis: Oceans absorbed half of CO2 emissions. Chemical Engineer 758:4. 2004 Global CO2; Molluscs; Plankton
Blumenberg, M., R. Seifert, J. Reitner, T. Pape, and W. Michaelis. 2004. Membrane lipid patterns typify distinct anaerobic methanotrophic consortia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101:11111-11116. 2004 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Microorganisms
Boorova, D., P. Skupien, and Z. Vasicek. 2004. Biostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous limestones of the Godula facies of the Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians. Bulletin of Geosciences 79:121-131. 2004 Sediment
Duineveld, G. C. A., M. S. S. Lavaleye, and E. M. Berghuis. 2004. Particle flux and food supply to a seamount cold-water coral community (Galicia Bank, NW Spain). Marine Ecology Progress Series 277:13-23. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe; Spain Algae; Microorganisms; Sediment
Duque, C., M. Puyana, G. Narvaez, O. Osorno, N. Hara, and Y. Fujimoto. 2004. Pseudopterosins P-V, new compounds from the gorgonian octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae from Providencia island, Colombian Caribbean. Tetrahedron 60:10627-10635. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Octocoral
Feary, D. A., A. C. Hine, N. P. James, and M. J. Malone. 2004. Leg 182 synthesis: Exposed secrets of the Great Australian Bight. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 182:30-Jan. 2004 Global; Australia Algae; Coralline Algae; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tunicates; Water Depth & Sea Level
Feely, R. A., C. L. Sabine, K. Lee, W. Berelson, J. Kleypas, V. J. Fabry, and F. J. Millero. 2004. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305:362-366. 2004 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Harvey, L. D. D. 2004. Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration: Implications for compliance with the united national framework convention on climate change. Climatic change 63:259-290. 2004 Model Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2004. Coral reefs in a century of rapid environmental change. Symbiosis 37:31-Jan. 2004 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral
Iliescu, M., V. Nelea, J. Werckmann, I. N. Mihailescu, G. Socol, A. Bigi, and B. Bracci. 2004. Electron microscopy studies of octa-calcium phosphate thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition. Pages 157-161 Thin Solid Films. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Lesser, M. P. 2004. Experimental biology of coral reef ecosystems. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 300:217-252. 2004 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Li, Y., S. Kershaw, and C. Xu. 2004. Control of carbonate sedimentation and reef growth in Llandovery sequences on the Northwestern margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China. Gondwana Research 7:937-949. 2004 Global; Japan; China Model Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Osmond, B., G. Ananyev, J. Berry, C. Langdon, Z. Kolber, G. Lin, R. Monson, C. Nichol, U. Rascher, U. Schurr, S. Smith, and D. Yakir. 2004. Changing the way we think about global change research: Scaling up in experimental ecosystem science. Global Change Biology 10:393-407. 2004 Global Lab Study; Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Riccardi, A. C., S. E. Damborenea, M. O. Mancenido, and M. P. Iglesia Llanos. 2004. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the Andes of Argentina. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 110:69-76. 2004 Europe Surface & Groundwater Flow
Timmons, C. L. and D. W. Hess. 2004. Electrochemical cleaning of post-plasma etch fluorocarbon residues using reductive radical anion chemistry. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 7. 2004 Model
Timmons, C. L. and D. W. Hess. 2004. Fluorocarbon post-plasma etch residue cleaning with naphthalenide radical amons. Pages 275-282 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2004 Model Cleaner & Solvent Use
Zhang, S.-H., D.-S. Xiong, and C. Cui. 2004. Preparation and properties of β-tricalcium phosphate porous bioceramic. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition) 14:981-986. 2004 CO2
Ahmed, A. F., R.-T. Shiue, G.-H. Wang, C.-F. Dai, Y.-H. Kuo, and J.-H. Sheu. 2003. Five novel norcembranoids from Sinularia leptoclados and S. parva. Tetrahedron 59:7337-7344. 2003 Taiwan Octocoral
Allen, J. P., M. Nelson, and A. Alling. 2003. The legacy of biosphere 2 for the study of biospherics and closed ecological systems. Advances in Space Research 31:1629-1639. 2003 Global; Columbia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; CO2; Nutrients; Pathogens; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Caldeira, K. and M. E. Wickett. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425:365. 2003 CO2
Ferrandini, J., J. Gattacceca, M. Ferrandini, A. Deino, and M.-C. Janin. 2003. Chronostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of Oligo-Miocene deposits of Corsica (France): Geodynamic implications for the liguro-provencal basin spreading [Chronostratigraphie et paleomagnetisme des depots oligo-miocenes de Corse: implications geodynami. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 174:357-371. 2003 Europe; France Sediment
Hansen, L., S. F. Hedtke, and W. R. Munns Jr. 2003. Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: A case study of ultraviolet radiation effects on amphibians, coral, humans, and oceanic primary productivity. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 9:359-377. 2003 Global Light; Toxics
Hovland, M. and M. Risk. 2003. Do Norwegian deep-water coral reefs rely on seeping fluids? Marine Geology 198:83-96. 2003 Norway Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kenyon, N. H., A. M. Akhmetzhanov, A. J. Wheeler, T. C. E. Van Weering, H. De Haas, and M. K. Ivanov. 2003. Giant carbonate mud mounds in the southern Rockall Trough. Marine Geology 195:30-May. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Li, Y. and S. Kershaw. 2003. Reef reconstruction after extinction events of the latest Ordovician in the Yangtze Platform, South China. Facies 269-284. 2003 Global; China Echinoderms; Sediment
Orellana, M.V., P. Verdugo. 2003. Ultraviolet radiation blocks the organic carbon exchange between the dissolved phase and the gel phase in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 48:1618-1623. 2003 Light; Microorganisms; Substrate
Pinheiro, L. M., M. K. Ivanov, A. Sautkin, G. Akhmanov, V. H. Magalhaes, A. Volkonskaya, J. H. Monteiro, L. Somoza, J. Gardner, N. Hamouni, and M. R. Cunha. 2003. Mud volcanism in the Gulf of Cadiz: Results from the TTR-10 cruise. Marine Geology 195:131-151. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rees, W. E. 2003. Economic development and environmental protection: An ecological economics perspective. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 86:29-45. 2003 Global Model Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mining Policies; Non-Monetary Valuation
Scheibner, C., J. J. G. Reijmer, A. M. Marzouk, R. P. Speijer, and J. Kuss. 2003. From platform to basin: The evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt). International Journal of Earth Sciences 92:624-640. 2003 Egypt
Wright, A. D., E. Goclik, and G. M. Konig. 2003. Oxygenated analogues of gorgosterol and ergosterol from the soft coral Capnella lacertiliensis. Journal of Natural Products 66:157-160. 2003 Octocoral
Zepp, R. G. 2003. UV exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Light; Littering; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Zooxanthellae
Dela Pierre, F., P. Clari, S. Cavagna, and E. Bicchi. 2002. The Parona chaotic complex: A puzzling record of the Messinian (Late Miocene) events in Monferrato (NW Italy). Sedimentary Geology 152:289-311. 2002 Algae; Sediment
Heller, P. S. and M. Mani. 2002. Adapting to climate change. Finance and Development 39:29-31. 2002 India Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Mitigation; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hendy, E. J., M. K. Gagan, C. A. Alibert, M. T. McCulloch, J. M. Lough, and P. J. Isdale. 2002. Abrupt decrease in tropical pacific sea surface salinity at end of little ice age. Science 295:1511-1514. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Salinity
Lin, P.-H., M.-D. Chou, Q. Ji, and S.-C. Tsay. 2002. Clear-sky surface solar radiation during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 13:185-195. 2002 China Model Light
McClanahan, T. R. 2002. The near future of coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 29:460-483. 2002 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Michaelis, W., R. Seifert, K. Nauhaus, T. Treude, V. Thiel, M. Blumenberg, K. Knittel, A. Gieseke, K. Peterknecht, T. Pape, A. Boetius, R. Amann, B. B. Jorgensen, F. Widdel, J. Peckmann, N. V. Pimenov, and M. B. Gulin. 2002. Microbial reefs in the black sea fueled by anaerobic oxidation of methane. Science 297:1013-1015. 2002 Cuba Carbon Storage & Cycling; Microorganisms
Poff, N. L., M. M. Brinson, and J. W. Day. 2002. Aquatic ecosystems & global climate change. 2002 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Fish; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Scavia, D., J. C. Field, D. F. Boesch, R. W. Buddemeier, V. Burkett, D. R. Cayan, M. Fogarty, M. A. Harwell, R. W. Howarth, C. Mason, D. J. Reed, T. C. Royer, A. H. Sallenger, and J. G. Titus. 2002. Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems. Estuaries 25:149-164. 2002 Global Review Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Invasive Species; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Sheu, J.-H., A. F. Ahmed, R.-T. Shiue, C.-F. Dai, and Y.-H. Kuo. 2002. Scabrolides A-D, four new norditerpenoids isolated from the soft coral Sinularia scabra. Journal of Natural Products 65:1904-1908. 2002 Taiwan Octocoral
Tourova, T. P., T. V. Kolganova, B. B. Kuznetsov, and N. V. Pimenov. 2002. Phylogenetic diversity of the archaeal component in microbial mats on coral-like structures associated with methane seeps in the black sea. Mikrobiologiya 71:230-236. 2002
Andrefouet, S., F. E. Muller-Karger, E. J. Hochberg, C. Hu, and K. L. Carder. 2001. Change detection in shallow coral reef environments using Landsat 7 ETM+ data. Remote Sensing of Environment 78:150-162. 2001 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Algae; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Angiolini, L., M. Gaetani, G. Olivini, and A. Zanchi. 2001. Geology and stratigraphy of the carboniferous of Western-Central Karakoram. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19:3-Feb. 2001 GIS & Maps Sediment
Carrera, M. G. 2001. Analysis on the distribution and composition of the early Ordovician biofacies in the San Juan Formation, Argentine Precordillera [Analisis de la distribucion y composicion de las biofacies de la formacioin San Juan (Ordovicico Temprano), Precordille. Ameghiniana 38:169-184. 2001 Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gardner, J. M. 2001. Mud volcanoes revealed and sampled on the Western Moroccan continental margin. Geophysical Research Letters 28:339-342. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Bivalves; Sediment
Katz, M. E., B. S. Cramer, G. S. Mountain, S. Katz, and K. G. Miller. 2001. Uncorking the bottle: What triggered the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum metahane release? Paleoceanography 16:549-562. 2001 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Sediment
Peckmann, J., E. Gischler, W. Oschmann, and J. Reitner. 2001. An Early Carboniferous seep community and hydrocarbon-derived carbonates from the Harz Mountains, Germany. Geology 29:271-274. 2001 Germany Bivalves; Microorganisms
Roberts, R. 2001. A review of settlement cues for larval abalone (Haliotis spp.). Journal of Shellfish Research 20:571-586. 2001 Review Algae; Coralline Algae; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Somerville, I. D., P. Strogen, W. I. Mitchell, H. E. A. Somerville, and K. T. Higgs. 2001. Stratigraphy of Dinantian rocks in WB3 borehole, Co. Armagh. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 19:51-78. 2001 Sediment
Storch, P. 2001. Graptolites, stratigraphy and depositional setting of the middle llandovery (silurian) volcanic-carbonate facies of hýskov (barrandian area, Czech Republic). Vestnik Ceskeho Geologickeho Ustavu 76:55-73. 2001 Europe Echinoderms
Wilson, P. A. and R. D. Norris. 2001. Warm tropical ocean surface and global anoxia during the mid-Cretaceous period. Nature 412:425-429. 2001 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Xu, G., S. Gong, Y. Wang, and W. Yuan. 2001. Quantitative biostratigraphy and species evolutionary sequence. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 44:587-599. 2001
Astakhova, N. V. and A. V. Sorochinskaya. 2000. Authigenic carbonates of the upper Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in the Northwest Pacific Marginal Seas. Geology of the Pacific Ocean 16:65-78. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; China Sediment
Bishop, G. A. and A. B. Williams. 2000. Fossil crabs from Tepee Buttes, submarine seeps of the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale, South Dakota and Colorado, U.S.A. Journal of Crustacean Biology 20:286-300. 2000 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Falter, J. L. and F. J. Sansone. 2000. Hydraulic control of pore water geochemistry within the oxic-suboxic zone of a permeable sediment. Limnology and Oceanography 45:550-557. 2000 Index or Indicator Sediment
Gribble, G. W. 2000. The natural production of organobromine compounds. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 7:37-49. 2000 Algae; Microorganisms; Sponges; Tunicates
Hallock, P. 2000. Symbiont-bearing foraminifera: Harbingers of global change? Micropaleontology 46:95-104. 2000 Global CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Light; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hearty, P. J. and D. S. Kaufman. 2000. Whole-rock aminostratigraphy and Quaternary sea-level history of the Bahamas. Quaternary Research 54:163-173. 2000 Global; Bahamas
Humphrey, J. D. 2000. New geochemical support for mixing-zone dolomitization at Golden Grove, Barbados. Journal of Sedimentary Research 70:1160-1170. 2000 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lesser, M. P. 2000. Depth-dependent photoacclimatization to solar ultraviolet radiation in the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 192:137-151. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Reaser, J. K., R. Pomerance, and P. O. Thomas. 2000. Coral bleaching and global climate change: Scientific findings and policy recommendations. Conservation Biology 14:1500-1511. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Shoreline Protection
Urban, F. E., J. E. Cole, and J. T. Overpeck. 2000. Influence of mean climate change on climate variability from a 155-year tropical Pacific coral record. Nature 407:989-993. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wilkinson, C. R. 2000. World-wide coral reef bleaching and mortality during 1998: A global climate change warning for the new Millennium? Pages 43-57 Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 3. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Maldives; Japan; Palau; Caribbean Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Stony Coral
[No author name available]. 1999. Coral Carbonic Frisian shipyard Welgelegen completes liquefied CO2 carrier for Anthony Veder. HSB International 48:27-31. 1999 CO2; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
[No author name available]. 1999. Digging for oil: An economic petroleum source is being exploited on Queensland's coast. Chemical Engineer 686:22. 1999 Global; Australia Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mining Policies; Sediment
Bright, C. 1999. The nemesis effect. Pages 23-Dec World watch. 1999 Climate; Finfish Harvest; Light; Nutrients; Pathogens
Calner, M. and E. Sall. 1999. Transgressive oolites onlapping a Silurian rocky shoreline unconformity, Gotland, Sweden. GFF 121:91-100. 1999
Cherns, L. 1999. Silurian Chitons as indicators of rocky shores and lowstand on Gotland, Sweden. Palaios 14:172-179. 1999 Index or Indicator Sediment
Feary, D., A. Hine, and M. Malone. 1999. Cool-water 'reefs', possible hydrogen sulphide/methane clathrates, and brine circulation - Preliminary results of Leg 182 drilling in the Great Australian Bight. JOIDES Journal 25:7-Apr. 1999 Australia Forestry; Sediment
Jahn, T., G. M. Konig, and A. D. Wright. 1999. Three new scalarane-based sesterterpenes from the tropical marine sponge Strepsichordaia lendenfeldi. Journal of Natural Products 62:375-377. 1999 Australia Sponges
McClintock, J. B., B. J. Baker, T. K. Baumiller, and C. G. Messing. 1999. Lack of chemical defense in two species of stalked crinoids: Support for the predation hypothesis for mesozoic bathymetric restriction. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 232:7-Jan. 1999 Echinoderms; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nixon, L. D., B. J. Bascle, and D. A. Marin. 1999. Offshore Atlas Project: Methodology and results. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:211-212. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Oil & Gas Industry; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pichler, T., J. Veizer, and G. E. M. Hall. 1999. The chemical composition of shallow-water hydrothermal fluids in Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea and their effect on ambient seawater. Marine Chemistry 64:229-252. 1999 Papua New Guinea Model CO2; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ratnasooriya, W. D., G. K. Liyanage, and L. M. V. Tillekeratne. 1999. Studies on the post-coital contraceptive mechanisms of a crude extract of Sri Lankan soft coral, Sinularia crispa. Medical Science Research 27:331-334. 1999 Sri Lanka Octocoral
Sterr, H., V. Ittekkot, and R. J. T. Klein. 1999. Oceans and coasts responding to future climatic change [Weltmeere und kusten im wandel des klimas]. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 143:24-31. 1999 Global Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Vandamme, N. S., L. Que, and L. D. T. Topoleski. 1999. Carbide surface coating of Co-Cr-Mo implant alloys by a microwave plasma-assisted reaction. Journal of Materials Science 34:3525-3531. 1999 CO2; Substrate
Belka, Z. 1998. Early devonian kess-kess carbonate mud mounds of the eastern anti-atlas (Morocco), and their relation to submarine hydrothermal venting. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68:368-377. 1998 Microorganisms; Sediment
Buick, R., B. Rasmussen, and B. Krapez. 1998. Archean oil: Evidence for extensive hydrocarbon generation and migration 2.5-3.5 Ga. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 82:50-69. 1998 Australia; South Africa Microorganisms; Sediment
Gagan, M. K., L. K. Ayliffe, D. Hopley, J. A. Cali, G. E. Mortimer, J. Chappell, M. T. McCulloch, and M. J. Head. 1998. Temperature and surface-ocean water balance of the mid-Holocene tropical western Pacific. Science 279:1014-1017. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia
Gray, G. J., S. R. Lawrence, K. Kenyon, and C. Cornford. 1998. Nature and origin of 'carbon' in the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Journal of the Geological Society 155:39-59. 1998 South Africa Model; GIS & Maps Sediment
Hader, D.-P., H. D. Kumar, R. C. Smith, and R. C. Worrest. 1998. Effects on aquatic ecosystems. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 46:53-68. 1998 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Climate; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Hovland, M., P. B. Mortensen, T. Brattegard, P. Strass, and K. Rokoengen. 1998. Ahermatypic coral banks off mid-Norway: Evidence for a link with seepage of light hydrocarbons. Palaios 13:189-200. 1998 Norway Model; GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Konig, G. M. and A. D. Wright. 1998. New cembranoid diterpenes from the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Journal of Natural Products 61:494-496. 1998 Octocoral
Kontak, D. J. 1998. A study of fluid inclusions in sulfide and nonsulfide mineral phases from a carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, Gays River, Nova Scotia, Canada. Economic Geology 93:793-817. 1998 CO2; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Richardson, L. L. 1998. Coral diseases: what is really known? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13:438-443. 1998 Global Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Pathogens
Vervoort, H. C., J. R. Pawlik, and W. Fenical. 1998. Chemical defense of the Caribbean ascidian Didemnum conchyliatum. Marine Ecology Progress Series 164:221-228. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Tunicates
Hovland, M. and E. Thomsen. 1997. Cold-water corals - Are they hydrocarbon seep related? Marine Geology 137:159-164. 1997 Norway Sediment
Langer, M. R., M. T. Silk, and J. H. Lipps. 1997. Global ocean carbonate and carbon dioxide production: The role of reef foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 27:271-277. 1997 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment
Mebs, D., S. Benesch, B. Konig, Y. Yamakawa, and T. Omori-Satoh. 1997. A protease from the marine sponge Callyspongia schulzi. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 42:789-797. 1997 Papua New Guinea Sponges; Substrate
Singh, B. 1997. Climate-related global changes in the southern Caribbean: Trinidad and Tobago. Global and Planetary Change 15:93-111. 1997 Global; South & Central America; Trinidad; Tobago; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Clarke, A. J. and A. Lebedev. 1996. Long-term changes in the equatorial Pacific trade winds. Journal of Climate 9:1020-1029. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Physical Variables; Water Depth & Sea Level
Harvey, L. D. D. 1996. Development of a risk-hedging CO2-emission policy, Part I: Risks of unrestrained emissions. Climatic change 34:Jan-40. 1996 Global Review Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Jones, G. LL . and I. D. Somerville. 1996. Irish Dinantian biostratigraphy: Practical applications. Geological Society Special Publication 371-385. 1996 Europe; Britain GIS & Maps
Lesser, M. P. and S. Lewis. 1996. Action spectrum for the effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis in the hermatypic coral Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 134:171-177. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Longman, M. W. 1996. Did the Mississippian Lodgepole buildup at Dickinson Field (North Dakota) form as a gas seep (\vent\") community?". Mountain Geologist 33:105-114. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shick, J. M., M. P. Lesser, and P. L. Jokiel. 1996. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on corals and other coral reef organisms. Global Change Biology 2:527-545. 1996 Global Review Light; Sediment
Wilkinson, C. R. 1996. Global change and coral reefs: Impacts on reefs, economies and human cultures. Global Change Biology 2:547-558. 1996 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Wohlfarth, B. 1996. The chronology of the last termination: A review of radiocarbon-dated, high-resolution terrestrial stratigraphies. Quaternary Science Reviews 15:267-284. 1996 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Ellis, J. and D. N. Schramm. 1995. Could a nearby supernova explosion have caused a mass extinction? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92:235-238. 1995 Light; Plankton
Li, S., R. R. Manory, and J. H. Hensler. 1995. Compound layer growth and compound layer porosity of austenite plasma nitrocarburised non-alloyed steel. Surface and Coatings Technology 71:112-120. 1995 Nutrients
Mendonca, V. M., H. D. Klepin, and S. W. Matson. 1995. DNA helicases in recombination and repair: Construction of a ΔuvrD ΔhelD ΔrecQ mutant deficient in recombination and repair. Journal of Bacteriology 177:1326-1335. 1995 Substrate
Popp, B. N., F. J. Sansone, T. M. Rust, and D. A. Merritt. 1995. Determination of concentration and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved methane in sediments and nearshore waters. Analytical Chemistry 67:405-411. 1995 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Hearty, P. J. and H. L. Vacher. 1994. Quaternary stratigraphy of Bermuda: A high-resolution pre-Sangamonian rock record. Quaternary Science Reviews 13:685-697. 1994 Bermuda Model; GIS & Maps Climate; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Water Depth & Sea Level
Roberts, H. H. and P. Aharon. 1994. Hydrocarbon-derived carbonate buildups of the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope: A review of submersible investigations. Geo-Marine Letters 14:135-148. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Review Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Searle, P. A. and T. F. Molinski. 1994. Five new alkaloids from the tropical ascidian, Lissoclinum sp. lissoclinotoxin A is chiral. Journal of Organic Chemistry 59:6600-6605. 1994 Australia
Stoffle, R. W., D. B. Halmo, T. W. Wagner, and J. J. Luczkovich. 1994. Reefs from space: Satellite imagery, marine ecology, and ethnography in the Dominican Republic. Human Ecology 22:355-378. 1994 Global; Dominican Republic Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Brown, L. R. 1993. State of the world 1993: a Worldwatch Institute report on progress toward a sustainable society. State of the world 1993: a Worldwatch Institute report on progress toward a sustainable society. 1993 Climate
Hajdas, I., S. D. Ivy, J. Beer, G. Bonani, D. Imboden, A. F. Lotter, M. Sturm, and M. Suter. 1993. AMS radiocarbon dating and varve chronology of Lake Soppensee: 6000 to 12000 14C years BP. Climate Dynamics 9:107-116. 1993 France Sediment
Leinfelder, R. and H. Seyfried. 1993. Sea level change: a philosophical approach. Geologische Rundschau 82:159-172. 1993 Global Model Climate; CO2; Coal Mining; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Special Use Permitting; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nozaki, K., K. Kato, A. Negishi, and K. Onda. 1993. Technologies to suppress the greenhouse gas through coral reefs. Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho/Bulletin of the Electrotechnical Laboratory 57:176-192. 1993 Review CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Dando, P. R. and M. Hovland. 1992. Environmental effects of submarine seeping natural gas. Continental Shelf Research 12:1197-1207. 1992 CO2; Microorganisms; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment
Dykens, J. A., J. M. Shick, C. Benoit, G. R. Buettner, and G. W. Winston. 1992. Oxygen radical production in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and its endosymbiotic algae. Journal of Experimental Biology 168:219-241. 1992 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Jensen, P. 1992. \Bubbling reefs' in the Kattegat: submarine landscapes of carbonate- cemented rocks support a diverse ecosystem at methane seeps". Marine Ecology Progress Series 83:103-112. 1992 Algae; Bivalves; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Sediment; Sponges
Kochevar, R. E., J. J. Childress, C. R. Fisher, and E. Minnich. 1992. The methane mussel: roles of symbiont and host in the metabolic utilization of methane. Marine Biology 112:389-401. 1992
Liyanage, G. K., W. D. Ratnasooriya, and L. M. V. Tillekeratne. 1992. Post-coital contraceptive agents from extracts of Sri Lanka alcyonaecan soft corals - I. Contraception 46:297-305. 1992 Sri Lanka Octocoral
Wehmiller, J. F., L. L. York, D. F. Belknap, and S. W. Snyder. 1992. Theoretical correlations and lateral discontinuities in the Quaternary aminostratigraphic record of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain. Quaternary Research 38:275-291. 1992 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model
Ahmad, M., J. W. Neale, and Q. A. Siddiqui. 1991. Tertiary Ostracoda from the Lindi area, Tanzania. Bulletin - British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series 46:175-270. 1991 Tanzania Water Depth & Sea Level
Camp, S. L. 1991. Population, poverty, and pollution. Forum for Applied Research & Public Policy 6:17-May. 1991 Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dipper, F. and F. Pearce. 1991. Earth, air, fire, water, oil and war. BBC Wildlife 9:190-195. 1991 Kuwait Mangroves; Whales & Dolphins
Fairbanks, R. G. 1990. The age and origin of the \Younger Dryas climate event' in Greenland ice cores". Paleoceanography 5:937-948. 1990 Europe Climate; Discharges
Hay, M. E., J. E. Duffy, V. J. Paul, P. E. Renaud, and W. Fenical. 1990. Specialist herbivores reduce their susceptibility to predation by feeding on the chemically defended seaweed Avrainvillea longicaulis. Limnology and Oceanography 35:1734-1743. 1990 Algae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Jokiel, P. L. and S. L. Coles. 1990. Response of Hawaiian and other Indo-Pacific reef corals to elevated temperature. Coral Reefs 8:155-162. 1990 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Light; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Zooxanthellae
Key Jr, M. M. 1990. Intracolony variation in skeletal growth rates in Paleozoic ramose trepostome bryozoans. Paleobiology 16:483-491. 1990
Tribble, G. W., F. J. Sansone, and S. V. Smith. 1990. Stoichiometric modeling of carbon diagenesis within a coral reef framework. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54:2439-2449. 1990 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Nutrients
Goudie, A. 1989. The nature of the environment. Second edition. The nature of the environment. Second edition. 1989 Mangroves
McKenna, PE TE R. 1989. Application of estimation error studies for decision-making regarding sampling patterns on a South African gold mine. Pages 304-318 in Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry. 1989 South Africa Model Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Vogel, E. W. 1989. Somatic cell mutagenesis in Drosophila: Recovery of genetic damage in relation to the types of DNA lesions induced in mutationally unstable and stable X-chromosomes. Mutation Research 211:153-170. 1989
Anne Reeckmann, S. 1988. Diagenetic alterations in temperate shelf carbonates from southeastern Australia. Sedimentary Geology 60:209-219. 1988 Australia Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Microorganisms; Sediment
Hackney, J. M. and P. Sze. 1988. Photorespiration and productivity rates of a coral reef algal turf assemblage. Marine Biology 98:483-492. 1988 Algae; CO2; Primary Production
Pattenden, G. and S. J. Teague. 1988. Total synthesis of (±)-Δ9(12)-capnellene-8β,10α-diol. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 1077-1083. 1988
Ji, QI AN G. 1987. The boundary between the Devonian and Carboniferous systems of shallow-water facies as viewed in the light of conodont studies. Acta Geologica Sinica 61:20-Oct. 1987 China
Somerville, I. D. and G. L. Jones. 1985. The Courceyan stratigraphy of the Pallaskenry Borehole, County Limerick, Ireland. Geological Journal 20:377-400. 1985 Britain Agriculture
Wilkie, AN N, J. Reynolds Patrick, NO RM A O'Kelly, and EM ER Colleran. 1984. Support Matrix And Packing Effects Anaerobic Filters. Pages 274-295 in [No source information available]. 1984
Choi, D. R. and R. N. Ginsburg. 1983. Distribution of coelobites (cavity-dwellers) in coral rubble across the Florida Reef Tract. Coral Reefs 2:165-172. 1983 Florida Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges
Duchscherer Jr., W. 1983. Geochemical hydrocarbon exploration - a new/old exploration tool. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 19:335-336. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Sediment
Johnson, K. M., P. G. Davis, and J. M. Sieburth. 1983. Diel variation of TCO2 in the upper layer of oceanic waters reflects microbial composition, variation and possibly methane cycling. Marine Biology 77:10-Jan. 1983 South & Central America; Caribbean CO2; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barale, G. and D. Flamand. 1982. (The Oxfordian palaeoflora of the Chateauroux region, Indre). [La paleoflore de l'Oxfordien de la region de Chateauroux (Indre).]. Bulletin - Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres, Section I 4:255-261. 1982
Bellamy, N. and M. J. Risk. 1982. Coral gas: Oxygen production in Millepora on the great barrier reef. Science 216:1618-1619. 1982 Australia Algae; CO2; Hydrocoral; Nutrients; Substrate
Dragastan, O. 1981. Mesozoic Dasycladaceae from Romania: Distribution and biostratigraphical importance. Facies 4:165-195. 1981 Oman Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Sponges
Baird-Lambert, J., R. W. Dunlop, and D. D. Jamieson. 1980. Anticonvulsant activity of a novel diterpene isolated from a soft coral of the genus Lobophytum. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research 30:964-967. 1980 Octocoral
Davis, D. D. and J. B. Coppolino. 1976. Ozone susceptibility of selected woody shrubs and vines. PLANT DIS.REP60:876-878. 1976 India
Oremland, R. S. 1975. Methane production in shallow-water, tropical marine sediments. Applied microbiology 30:602-608. 1975 Florida Seagrasses; Sediment
Fournier, J. 1971. La Melioidose. suite et fin. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses 1. 1971 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; China Lab Study Pathogens
Andrady, A., P.J. Aucamp, A.F. Bais, C.L. Ballare, L.O. Bjorn, J.F. Bornman, M. Caldwell, T. Callaghan, A.P. Cullen, D.J. Erickson, F. R. de Gruijl, D-P. Hader, M. Ilyas, G. Kulandaivelu, H.D. Kumar, J. Longstreth, R.L. McKenzie, M. Norval, H.H. Redhwi, R.C. Smith, K.R. Solomon, B. Sulzberger, Y. Takizawa, X. Tang, A.H. Teramura, A. Torikai, J.C. van der Leun, S.R. Wilson, R.C. Worrest, R.G. Zepp. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OZONE DEPLETION AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH CLIMATE CHANGE: 2004 PROGRESS REPORT. Climate
Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA. Global Climate; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing
Jones, A. T., J. Greinert, D. A. Bowden, I. Klaucke, C. J. Petersen, G. L. Netzeband, and W. Weinrebe. Acoustic and visual characterisation of methane-rich seabed seeps at Omakere Ridge on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Marine Geology GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Worms; Microorganisms
Roosmawati, N. and R. Harris. Surface uplift history of the incipient Banda arc-continent collision: Geology and synorogenic foraminifera of Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia. Tectonophysics US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stirling, C. H. and M. B. Andersen. Uranium-series dating of fossil coral reefs: Extending the sea-level record beyond the last glacial cycle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters Lab Study; Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Mass Coral Bleaching Events There are several actions managers can take to prepare for and respond to bleaching events. These strategies typically focus on developing and communicating reliable information about the bleaching event and its impacts, rather than providing a "cure." Developing a Bleaching response plan in advance allows managers to respond more effectively during these rapid onset events. Predicting the risk and severity of bleaching events can allow for more timely yet credible information for decision makers. After the bleaching event it is important to quickly access the ecological impacts for further management decisions. Bleached coral are in a vulnerable state, and are therefore less resilient to degraded water quality, physical damage from recreation, or pressure from fishing activities. This heightened sensitivity means that current protections may need to be increased temporarily following a bleaching event. Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching.

Atmospheric Emissions; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Climate Regulation; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA.

Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Monitor & Research: Research Global Change This management option involves research to examine the effects of stresses associated with global change on the ecosystem. Stresses can include changes in temperature, hydrology, salinity, frequency and intensity of storms, turbidity, sea level change, and ultra violet and visible radiation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Transportation Policy: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAF�) standards is to reduce fuel consumption by increasing the fuel economy of cars and light trucks. NHTSA sets fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the US while EPA calculates the average fuel economy for each manufacturer. Since the standard only dictates the average fuel economy, manufacturers can sell vehicles with higher or lower fuel economy than the standard. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE). Accessed 8/11/2011.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Industry; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Transportation Policy: Airline Carbon Policy Civil aviation is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and this contribution has grown as the industry has grown. Some regions are implementing policies such as cap and trade that apply to the airline industry. Bruce Duguid. 2009. Fasten Your Seat Belt: Airlines and cap-and-trade. CTC764, Carbon Trust, United Kingdom.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Air Pollution Control, 62-204 Florida Administrative Code (1996). 62-204.100 Purpose and Scope. (1) This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. (2) In addition, this chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have been adopted; further designates certain attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as air quality maintenance areas for particular pollutants; classifies all areas of the state as Class I, Class II, or Class III for determining which set of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments apply; and designates all attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as one or more PSD areas for determining which pollutant-specific PSD baseline dates apply. This chapter also sets forth procedures for redesignating and reclassifying areas as above. (3) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to identify the Florida State Implementation Plan (SIP) required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51; to set forth the public notice and hearing requirements that the Department will adhere to for making SIP revisions; and to set forth the definitions, criteria, and procedures that the Department will use to review a federal agency�s general conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; and to adopt by reference an interagency memorandum of agreement that the Department will comply with to review any transportation conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart T. The provisions to 40 C.F.R. 51.853 require that a federal agency make a general conformity determination for any federal agency action in a nonattainment or maintenance area, to ensure that such action is consistent with the SIP and that such federal conformity determination be reviewed by the affected state. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. 51.394 require that a transportation conformity determination be made for the adoption, acceptance, approval, or support of certain transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, and transportation projects in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants to ensure that such actions are consistent with the SIP. (4) Finally, this chapter adopts and incorporates by reference federal air pollution control regulations which are referenced in whole or in part throughout the Department�s air pollution control rules.

Application to Coral Reefs:By reducing emmissions to air, particularly carbon dioxide, the pH of ocean waters will not be reduced and that is a direct benefit to coral reefs, since a reduction in pH is believed to be detrimental to corals.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassified with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have benn adopted.

Comments:This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code §§ 7400 et seq. To ensure Americans have clean air to breath, and to protect the environment from air pollution. Regulates air emmissions from area, stationary and mobile sources. Charges federal land managers with direct responsibility to protect the "air quality and related values" of land under their control. The "related values" include fish and widlife and their habitats. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibility for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act would decrease carbon dioxide emissions from sources in the United States, thereby making a contribution toward reducing ocean acidification, which is one of the problems contributing to coral reef decline.

Legislative Actions:Response will differ from State to State because many Sates have been delegated to administer the Clean Air Act. However, States cannot have air quality standards less stringent then the federal standards. State air pollution agencies hold permit hearings and fines industries that violate air quality limits. States must develop state implementation plans that require approval by EPA.

Comments:The 1990 amendments authorized the Acid Deposition Control Program, a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, established permit program requirements, expanded and modified the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and expanded and modified enforcement authority. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Transportation Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction, 62-285 Florida Administrative Code. Florida LEV Program. The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) adopts this rule to establish a Florida low emission vehicle (LEV) program that implements California motor vehicle emission standards pursuant to s. 177 of the Clean Air Act. This rule refers to many sections of chapter 1, division 3, title 13 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), adopted and incorporated by reference at subsection 62-285.400(9), F.A.C. This rule also includes provisions specific to implementation in Florida.

Application to Coral Reefs:Reducing greenhouse gases will contibute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, this rule applies to any heavy-duty diesel engine powered motor vehicle. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Test Procedures, 62-242 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter pursuant to the Florida Clean Outdoor Air Law, Section 325.201, F.S., and in order to provide the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles with the necessary rules, standards, and criteria to administer the Florida Motor Vehicle Inspection Program. (2) The Legislature has directed that in order to implement the Motor Vehicle Inspection Program, the Department of Environmental Protection will set the standards and criteria listed below. (a) Designation of program area (Section 325.204, F.S.). (b) Emissions testing and inspection procedures (Section 325.206, F.S.). (c) Inspection pass/fail criteria (Section 325.206, F.S.). (d) Test equipment performance specifications (Sections 325.206, .212, and .213, F.S.). (e) Definition of low emission adjustment (Section 325.209, F.S.). (f) Inspection personnel training criteria (Section 325.213(1)(d), F.S.). (3) The Department has set the vehicle in-use emission standards at levels that are achievable with proper operation and maintenance of the various model year vehicles, if they have not been tampered with, and which will result in a significant reduction in ozone-causing air pollutant emissions from automobiles and light duty trucks. It is the Department�s intent that eligibility for emission control system performance warranty repairs of these vehicles be protected by reference to 40 CFR 85.2201 (Subpart W) � Emission Control System Performance Warranty Short Tests. (4) This chapter, and the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles rules it references, are intended as an integral part of the Department�s program to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation and stanards for air emissions will contribute to lower greenhouse gasses and assist in combating ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Transportation Policies
Ocean Acidification and Marine pH Water Quality Criteria, 74 Federal Register § 17484 (2009). The publication is a Notice of Data Availability. EPA was making data submitted from various sources available to the public. They also were requesting additon data from the public on ocean acidification and marine pH. The data was to be reviewed to determine if a revision of the Clean Water Act (Section 304) (a) (1) was warranted.

Application to Coral Reefs:Coral reefs would be protected if ocean acidification could be controlled because it is a major detrimental parameter of living cora, contributing to their dying.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		EPA

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs 		Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Environmental Education & Outreach; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Point Source Discharges
Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency, 62-016 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies provided for in Section 220.192, F.S. Specific Authority 377.804(3), 377.806(7), 220.192(3) FS. Law Implemented 377.801, 377.802, 377.803, 377.804, 377.806, 220.192 FS. History � New 10-22-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:The regulation could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal fired electric generating plants and thus reduce ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Requirements for Sources Subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program, 62-214 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72. Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at either 40 CFR 72.2 or 76.2 or Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. The provisions of 40 CFR Parts 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 referenced in this rule are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling toxic air emissions will contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gasses and assist in reducing ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 CFR. Part 72. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Ocean Acidity
Stationary Sources - Emission Standards, 62-296 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish emission limiting standards and compliance requirements for stationary sources of air pollutant emissions. (2) The chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. Where work practice standards, including requirements for specific types of pollution control equipment, are provided for in this chapter, such standards shall be of the same force and effect as emission limiting standards. The emission limiting and work practice standards of Rule 62-296.320, F.A.C., and Rules 62-296.401 through 62-296.480, F.A.C., are applicable statewide. The reasonably available control technology requirements are established for specific areas of the state as set forth in Rules 62-296.500, 62-296.600, and 62-296.700, F.A.C. (3) A facility or emissions unit subject to any standard or requirement of 40 CFR. Part 60, 61, 63 or 65, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall comply with such standard or requirement. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve a facility or emissions unit from complying with such standard or requirement, provided, however, that where a facility or emissions unit is subject to a standard established in this chapter, such standard shall also apply. (4) Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling air emission pollutants can assist in controlling ocean acid acidification and the damaging effect of ocean water acidification on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, the chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate Regulation; CO2; Corporate Responses; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients
Tampering with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Equipment, 62-243 Florida Administrative Code. The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish procedures to determine compliance with those parts of Section 316.2935, F.S., which provide that no person shall operate on the public roads or streets of this state any motor vehicle that has been tampered with and that no person or motor vehicle dealer as defined in Section 320.27, F.S., shall offer or display for retail sale or lease, sell, lease or transfer title to a motor vehicle in Florida that has been tampered with. Specific Authority: 316.2935, F.S. Law Implemented: 316.2935, 316.6105, 318.18, 325.209, F.S. History.: New 2-21-90, Amended 5-29-90, Formerly 17-243.100.

Application to Coral Reefs:Vehicles with properly operating air pollution control equipment will dischage less air polllutants and will contribute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust by ensuring that that the air pollution control equipment of the motor
vehicle has not been tampered with. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies

Jump to main content.