Jump to main content or area navigation.

Contact Us

ReefLink Database

Fleshy Macroalgae

Fleshy Macroalgae

Fleshy macroalgae is any large algae which does not deposit calcium carbonate in it's tissues.

CMap

Algae are aquatic, photosynthetic plant-like organisms and include calcareous macroalgae, fleshy macroalgae, turf algae, and crustose coralline algae. Anemones & zooanthids are cnidarians very similar to coral, but are not characteristic reef builders. Biological Harvest is the collection of living things from the ecosystem for recreation, consumption, or sale of marine products. Calcareous macroalgae are large algae which deposit calcium carbonate to form skeletons. Carbon storage and cycling is the ability of an ecosystem to utilize, process, and store carbon. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Coral is a colonial marine animal consisting of polyps. Coralline algae is a low-growing type of algae on reefs that has calcareous deposits. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Fleshy macroalgae is any large algae which does not deposit calcium carbonate in it's tissues. An Invertebrate is any animal that lacks a backbone. Large herbivorous fish are any large bodied fish that primarily feed on algae, such as parrotfish and chubs. Nutrients are essential elements needed by plants and animals for growth and primarily include nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, as well as minor nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, or zinc. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Physical Damage to reef habitat and wetlands can occur from vessel groundings, dredging, trampling, boat movement, anchor drops, trawling, and fishing gear. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Sea Urchins are small, spiny echinoderms that can be found in coral reef ecosystems. Small herbivorous fish are small bodied fish species, such as damselfish, tangs, and surgeonfish that primarily feed on algae. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Sponges are sessile colonial animals with soft porous bodies supported by a fibrous skeletal framework. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Turf algae is a type of low growing algae in reefs. Zooxanthellae are flagellate protozoa that are golden-brown intracellular endosymbionts of various marine animals and protozoa, especially anthozoans such as the scleractinian corals

CMap Description

Macroalgae and turf algae compete for space with coral, sponges, and other species. Excess nutrients may alter competitive interactions among algae and coral. Many fishes and invertebrates are key grazers, helping to maintain algae and prevent it from overgrowing coral. A number of algal species, including calcareous macroalgae and crustose coralline algae, deposit calcium carbonate during growth, and may contribute to reef structural strength. Crustose coralline algae may help facilitate recruitment of stony coral. Algae are primary producers, and provide some habitat and resources for marine fish and invertebrates, however often not to the same degree as coral reef habitat. As a result, overgrowth of coral reefs by algae will likely result in a loss of ecosystem goods and services. Many of the sectors which benefit from reef ecosystem services also contribute to algal overgrowth through pollution and overfishing. Monitoring, mapping, and scientific research can be used to track the distribution and abundance of algae, and to understand competitive interactions between coral, algae, and other species.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Anthony, K. R. N., J. A. Maynard, G. Diaz-Pulido, P. J. Mumby, P. A. Marshall, L. Coa, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2011. Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience. Global Change Biology doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02364.x. 2011 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Anthony, KRN; Maynard, JA; Diaz-Pulido, G; Mumby, PJ; Marshall, PA; Cao, L; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience. Global Change Biology 17:1798-1808. 2011 Global Model Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Azevedo, CAA; Carneiro, MAA; Oliveira, SR; Marinho-Soriano, E. 2011. Macrolgae as an indicator of the environmental health of the Pirangi reefs, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 21:323-328. 2011 Iran Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Barott, KL; Rodriguez-Brito, B; Janouskovec, J; Marhaver, KL; Smith, JE; Keeling, P; Rohwer, FL. 2011. Microbial diversity associated with four functional groups of benthic reef algae and the reef-building coral Montastraea annularis. Environmental Microbiology 13:1192-1204. 2011 Algae; Climate; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Bennett, S; Bellwood, DR. 2011. Latitudinal variation in macroalgal consumption by fishes on the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:241-U269. 2011 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Blanco, FM; Alonso, LC; Sanson, GG; Amargos, FP. 2011. Influence of Diadema antillarum populations (Echinodermata: Diadematidae) on algal community structure in Jardines de la Reina, Cuba. Revista de Biologia Tropical 59:1149-1163. 2011 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Casal, G; Sanchez-Carnero, N; Sanchez-Rodriguez, E; Freire, J. 2011. Remote sensing with SPOT-4 for mapping kelp forests in turbid waters on the south European Atlantic shelf. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 91:371-378. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe; Spain GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Climate; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Substrate
Ceccarelli, DM; Jones, GP; McCook, LJ. 2011. Interactions between herbivorous fish guilds and their influence on algal succession on a coastal coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399:60-67. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Fricke, A; Titlyanova, TV; Nugues, MM; Bischof, K. 2011. Depth-related variation in epiphytic communities growing on the brown alga Lobophora variegata in a Caribbean coral reef. Coral Reefs 30:967-973. 2011 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Turf Algae
Hoey, AS; Pratchett, MS; Cvitanovic, C. 2011. High Macroalgal Cover and Low Coral Recruitment Undermines the Potential Resilience of the World's Southernmost Coral Reef Assemblages. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Climate; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Kawamata, S; Yoshimitsu, S; Tanaka, T; Igari, T; Tokunaga, S. 2011. Importance of sedimentation for survival of canopy-forming fucoid algae in urchin barrens. Journal of Sea Research 66:76-86. 2011 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate
Lapointe, BE; Thacker, K; Hanson, C; Getten, L. 2011. Sewage pollution in Negril, Jamaica: effects on nutrition and ecology of coral reef macroalgae. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 29:775-789. 2011 Florida; Jamaica Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Lefevre, CD; Bellwood, DR. 2011. Temporal variation in coral reef ecosystem processes: herbivory of macroalgae by fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 422. 2011 Australia Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish
Lesser, MP; Slattery, M. 2011. Phase shift to algal dominated communities at mesophotic depths associated with lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion on a Bahamian coral reef. Biological Invasions 13:1855-1868. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Caribbean Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes
Maloney, B; Iliffe, TM; Gelwick, F; Quigg, A. 2011. Effect of nutrient enrichment on naturally occurring macroalgal species in six cave pools in Bermuda. Phycologia 50:132-143. 2011 Florida; Bermuda Index or Indicator Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Morrow, KM; Paul, VJ; Liles, MR; Chadwick, NE. 2011. Allelochemicals produced by Caribbean macroalgae and cyanobacteria have species-specific effects on reef coral microorganisms. Coral Reefs 30:309-320. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Pathogens
Nishihara, GN; Terada, R; Shimabukuro, H. 2011. Effects of wave energy on the residence times of a fluorescent tracer in the canopy of the intertidal marine macroalgae, Sargassum fusiforme (Phaeophyceae). Phycological Research 59:24-33. 2011 Model Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Shoreline Protection
Parsons, ML; Settlemier, CJ; Ballauer, JM. 2011. An examination of the epiphytic nature of Gambierdiscus toxicus, a dinoflagellate involved in ciguatera fish poisoning. Harmful Algae 10:598-605. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Plankton
Paul, VJ; Kuffner, IB; Walters, LJ; Ritson-Williams, R; Beach, KS; Becerro, MA. 2011. Chemically mediated interactions between macroalgae Dictyota spp. and multiple life-history stages of the coral Porites astreoides. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:161-170. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Climate; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Price, IR. 2011. A taxonomic revision of the marine green algal genera Caulerpa and Caulerpella (Chlorophyta, Caulerpaceae) in northern (tropical and subtropical) Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 24:137-213. 2011 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Rincon-Diaz, MP; Diez, CE; Van Dam, RP; Sabat, AM. 2011. Foraging Selectivity of the Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Culebra Archipelago, Puerto Rico. Journal of Herpetology 45:277-282. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Turtles; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Sangil, C; Sanson, M; Afonso-Carrillo, J. 2011. Spatial variation patterns of subtidal seaweed assemblages along a subtropical oceanic archipelago: Thermal gradient vs herbivore pressure. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 94:322-333. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Docks & Marinas; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Sediment
Sommer, B; Harrison, PL; Brooks, L; Scheffers, SR. 2011. Coral Community Decline At Bonaire, Southern Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:541-565. 2011 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Turf Algae
Stokes, MD; Leichter, JJ; Wing, S; Frew, R. 2011. Temperature variability and algal isotopic heterogeneity on a Floridian coral reef. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 32:364-379. 2011 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Salinity
Thabard, M; Gros, O; Hellio, C; Marechal, JP. 2011. Sargassum polyceratium (Phaeophyceae, Fucaceae) surface molecule activity towards fouling organisms and embryonic development of benthic species. Botanica Marina 54:147-157. 2011 Martinique Algae; Bivalves; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral
Titlyanov, EA; Titlyanova, TV; Xia, BM; Bartsch, I. 2011. Checklist of marine benthic green algae (Chlorophyta) on Hainan, a subtropical island off the coast of China: comparisons between the 1930s and 1990-2009 reveal environmental changes. Botanica Marina 54:523-535. 2011 China Algae; Aquaculture; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Venera-Ponton, DE; Diaz-Pulido, G; McCook, LJ; Rangel-Campo, A. 2011. Macroalgae reduce growth of juvenile corals but protect them from parrotfish damage. Marine Ecology Progress Series 421:109-115. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Avila, E., N. I. Blancas-Gallangos, R. Riosmena-Rodriguez, and L. Paul-Chavez. 2010. Sponges associated with Sargassum spp. (Phaeophyceae: Fucales) from the south-western Gulf of California. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:193-202. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Fleshy Macroalgae; Salinity; Sponges; Substrate
Bennett, S., A. Verges, and D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Branching coral as a macroalgal refuge in a marginal coral reef system. Coral Reefs 29:471-480. 2010 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Cvitanovic, C. and A. S. Hoey. 2010. Benthic community composition influences within-habitat variation in macroalgal browsing on the Great Barrier Reef. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:999-1005. 2010 Australia Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
de Lara, V. C. F., H. Reyes-Bonilla, and E. Serviere-Zaragoza. 2010. A tropical assemblage of benthic macroalgae on rocky reefs in a temperate zone on the western Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Botanica Marina 53:195-203. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Diaz-Pulido, G., S. Harii, L. J. McCook, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2010. The impact of benthic algae on the settlement of a reef-building coral. Coral Reefs 29:203-208. 2010 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Edgar, G. J., S. A. Banks, M. Brandt, R. H. Bustamante, A. Chiriboga, S. A. Earle, L. E. Garske, P. W. Glynn, J. S. Grove, S. Henderson, C. P. Hickman, K. A. Miller, F. Rivera, and G. M. Wellington. 2010. El Nino, grazers and fisheries interact to greatly elevate extinction risk for Galapagos marine species. Global Change Biology 16:2876-2890. 2010 Global Algae; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Small Herbivorous Fish
Francini, R. B., C. M. Ferreira, E. O. Coni, R. L. De Moura, and L. Kaufman. 2010. Foraging activity of roving herbivorous reef fish (Acanthuridae and Scaridae) in eastern Brazil: influence of resource availability and interference competition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:481-492. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Garcia-Sais, J. R. 2010. Reef habitats and associated sessile-benthic and fish assemblages across a euphotic-mesophotic depth gradient in Isla Desecheo, Puerto Rico. Coral Reefs 29:277-288. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sponges; Stony Coral
Haas, A. F. and C. Wild. 2010. Composition analysis of organic matter released by cosmopolitan coral reef-associated green algae. Aquatic Biology 10:131-138. 2010 Cuba Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Haas, A. F., M. S. Naumann, U. Struck, C. Mayr, M. el-Zibdah, and C. Wild. 2010. Organic matter release by coral reef associated benthic algae in the Northern Red Sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 389:53-60. 2010 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Nutrients; Turf Algae; Water Depth & Sea Level
Haas, A., M. el-Zibdah, and C. Wild. 2010. Seasonal monitoring of coral-algae interactions in fringing reefs of the Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea. Coral Reefs 29:93-103. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Turf Algae; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hoey, A. S. 2010. Size matters: macroalgal height influences the feeding response of coral reef herbivores. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:299-U341. 2010 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Hoey, A. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Among-habitat variation in herbivory on Sargassum spp. on a mid-shelf reef in the northern Great Barrier Reef. Marine Biology 157:189-200. 2010 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Caribbean Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hoey, A. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Cross-shelf variation in browsing intensity on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 29:499-508. 2010 Australia Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae
Hoey, A. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Damselfish territories as a refuge for macroalgae on coral reefs. Coral Reefs 19:107-188. 2010 Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hoey, A. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Damselfish territories as a refuge for macroalgae on coral reefs. Coral Reefs 29:107-118. 2010 Australia Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2010. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164:513-531. 2010 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2010. Ecology and nutrition of invasive Caulerpa brachypus f. parvifolia blooms on coral reefs off southeast Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 9:1-12. 2010 Florida; Bahamas Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lefevre, C. D. and D. R. Bellwood. 2010. Seasonality and dynamics in coral reef macroalgae: variation in condition and susceptibility to herbivory. Marine Biology 157:955-965. 2010 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Ling, S. D., S. Ibbott, and J. C. Sanderson. 2010. Recovery of canopy-forming macroalgae following removal of the enigmatic grazing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 395:135-146. 2010 Australia Model Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins
Plaza, G., S. Katayama, and M. Omori. 2010. Daily patterns of settlement and individual growth rates of young-of-the-year of the rockfish Sebastes inermis in a Sargassum bed. Fisheries Research 103:48-55. 2010 Japan Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Plankton
Renken, H., P. J. Mumby, I. Matsikis, H. J. Edwards. 2010. Effects of physical environmental conditions on the patch dynamics of Dictyota pulchella and Lobophora variegata on Caribbean coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 403. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fleshy Macroalgae
Rodriguez-Martinez, R. E., F. Ruiz-Renteria, B. van Tussenbroek, G. Barba-Santos, E. Escalante-Mancera, G. Jordan-Garza, and E. Jordan-Dahlgren. 2010. Environmental state and tendencies of the Puerto Morelos CARICOMP site, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:23-43. 2010 South & Central America; Oman; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae
Shank, G. C., R. G. Zepp, A. Vahatalo, R. Lee, and E. Bartels. 2010. Photobleaching kinetics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter derived from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:162-171. 2010 Florida CO2; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Shank, G. C., R. Lee, A. Vahatalo, R. G. Zepp, and E. Bartels. 2010. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:172-181. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Remote Sensing Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Smith, J. E., C. L. Hunter, and C. M. Smith. 2010. The effects of top-down versus bottom-up control on benthic coral reef community structure. Oecologia 163:497-507. 2010 Global Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smith, J. E., C. L. Hunter, and C. M. Smith. 2010. The effects of top�down versus bottom�up control on benthic coral reef community structure. Oecologia 163:497-507. 2010 Global Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smith, T. B., P. Fong, R. Kennison, and J. Smith. 2010. Spatial refuges and associational defenses promote harmful blooms of the alga Caulerpa sertularioides onto coral reefs. Oecologia 164:1039-1048. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Vroom, P. S. and C. L. Braun. 2010. Benthic composition of a healthy subtropical reef: baseline species-level cover, with an emphasis on algae, in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. PLoS One 5:e9733. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Substrate
Wichachucherd, B., L. B. Liddle, and A. Prathep. 2010. Population structure, recruitment, and succession of the brown alga, Padina boryana Thivy (Dictyotales, Heterokontophyta), at an exposed shore of Sirinart National Park and a sheltered area of Tang Khen Bay, Phuket Province, Thailand. Aquatic Botany 92:93-98. 2010 Thailand Climate; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Yniguez, A. T., J. W. McManus, and L. Collado-Vides. 2010. Capturing the dynamics in benthic structures: environmental effects on morphology in the macroalgal genera Halimeda and Dictyota. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:17-U40. 2010 Florida Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Ateweberhan, M., J. H. Bruggemann, and A. M. Breeman. 2009. Seasonal changes in size structure of sargassum and turbinaria populations (phaeophyceae) on tropical reef flats in the Southern red sea. Journal of Phycology 45:69-80. 2009 Fleshy Macroalgae
Ballantine, D. L., H. Ruiz, and N. E. Aponte. 2009. Notes on the benthic marine algae of Puerto Rico. IX. Additions to the flora including reports of three species for the first time in the Atlantic Ocean. Botanica Marina 52:229-235. 2009 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Barott, K., J. Smith, E. Dinsdale, M. Hatay, S. Sandin, and F. Rohwer. 2009. Hyperspectral and Physiological Analyses of Coral-Algal Interactions. PLoS One 4:e8043. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Blazina, M., L. Ivesa, and M. Najdek. 2009. Caulerpa racemosa: adaptive varieties studied by fatty acid composition (Northern Adriatic Sea, Vrsar, Croatia). European Journal of Phycology 44:183-189. 2009 Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment
Bulleri, F., L. Tamburello, and L. Benedetti-Cecchi. 2009. Loss of consumers alters the effects of resident assemblages on the local spread of an introduced macroalga. Oikos 118:269-279. 2009 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Sea Urchins
Carilli, J. E., R. D. Norris, B. A. Black, S. M. Walsh, and M. McField. 2009. Local stressors reduce coral resilience to bleaching. PLoS One 4:e6324. 2009 Algae; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Diaz-Pulido, G., L. J. McCook, S. Dove, R. Berkelmans, G. Roff, D. I. Kline, S. Weeks, R. D. Evans, D. H. Williamson, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2009. Doom and boom on a resilient reef: climate change, algal overgrowth and coral recovery. PLoS One 4. 2009 Global; Australia Model Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Pathogens; Skeletal Coral
Figueroa, F. L., B. Martinez, A. Israel, A. Neori, E. J. Malta, P. Ang, S. Inken, R. Marquardt, T. Rachamim, U. Arazi, S. Frenk, and N. Korbee. 2009. Acclimation of Red Sea macroalgae to solar radiation: photosynthesis and thallus absorptance. Aquatic Biology 7:159-172. 2009 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production
Furman, B. and K. L. Heck. 2009. Differential Impacts Of Echinoid Grazers On Coral Recruitment. Bulletin of Marine Science 85:121-132. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins
Hanelt, D. and M. Y. Roleda. 2009. UVB radiation may ameliorate photoinhibition in specific shallow-water tropical marine macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 91:12-Jun. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Hoey, A. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2009. Limited Functional Redundancy in a High Diversity System: Single Species Dominates Key Ecological Process on Coral Reefs. Ecosystems 12:1316-1328. 2009 Australia Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Jacobucci, G. B., M. O. Tanaka, and F. P. P. Leite. 2009. Factors influencing temporal variation of a Sargassum filipendula (Phaeophyta: Fucales) bed in a subtropical shore. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89:315-321. 2009 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2009. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 19-Jan. 2009 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Mattio, L., C. E. Payri, and M. Verlaque. 2009. Taxonomic Revision And Geographic Distribution Of The Subgenus Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) In The Western And Central Pacific Islands Based On Morphological And Molecular Analyses. Journal of Phycology 45:1213-1227. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa Review Fleshy Macroalgae
Muller, H. G. and F. Krapp. 2009. The pycnogonid fauna (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) of the Tayrona National Park and adjoining areas on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Zootaxa 1-138. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Panama; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Arthropods; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Land & Air Transportation; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Phillips, J. A. 2009. Reproductive ecology of Caulerpa taxifolia (Caulerpaceae, Bryopsidales) in subtropical eastern Australia. European Journal of Phycology 44:81-88. 2009 Australia Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species
Poore, A. G. B., A. H. Campbell, and P. D. Steinberg. 2009. Natural densities of mesograzers fail to limit growth of macroalgae or their epiphytes in a temperate algal bed. Journal of Ecology 97:164-175. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Seagrasses; Substrate
Renken, H. and P. J. Mumby. 2009. Modelling the dynamics of coral reef macroalgae using a Bayesian belief network approach. Ecological Modelling 220:1305-1314. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins
Ruiz, H. and D. L. Ballantine. 2009. Dynamics of shelf edge coral reef-associated macroalgae at La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 45:260-268. 2009 Puerto Rico Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Sakurai, I., T. Kaneta, T. Nakayama, H. Fukuda, and T. Kaneko. 2009. Food habits of fish communities in a Sargassum confusum bed off the coast of Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 75:365-375. 2009 Japan Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Worms; Plankton
Sotka, E. E. and M. E. Hay. 2009. Effects of herbivores, nutrient enrichment, and their interactions on macroalgal proliferation and coral growth. Coral Reefs 28:555-568. 2009 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Teixeira, T. P., L. M. Neves, and F. G. Araujo. 2009. Effects of a nuclear power plant thermal discharge on habitat complexity and fish community structure in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil. Marine Environmental Research 68:188-195. 2009 Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae
Titlyanov, E. A. and T. V. Titlyanova. 2009. The dynamics of the restoration of mechanical damage to colonies of the scleractinian coral Porites lutea under conditions of competition with algal settlers for substratum. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 35:230-235. 2009 Japan Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Microorganisms; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Vermeij, M. J. A., J. E. Smith, C. M. Smith, R. V. Thurber, and S. A. Sandin. 2009. Survival and settlement success of coral planulae: independent and synergistic effects of macroalgae and microbes. Oecologia 159:325-336. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Vermeij, M. J. A., J. E. Smith, C. M. Smith, R. Vega Thurber, and S. A. Sandin. 2009. Survival and settlement success of coral planulae: Independent and synergistic effects of macroalgae and microbes. Oecologia 159:325-336. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Birrell, C. L., L. J. McCook, B. L. Willis, and L. Harrington. 2008. Chemical effects of macroalgae on larval settlement of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362:129-137. 2008 Algae; Climate; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Bulleri, F. and L. Benedetti-Cecchi. 2008. Facilitation of the introduced green alga Caulerpa racemosa by resident algal turfs: Experimental evaluation of underlying mechanisms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 364:77-86. 2008 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Sediment
Foster, N. L., S. J. Box, and P. J. Mumby. 2008. Competitive effects of macroalgae on the fecundity of the reef-building coral montastraea annularis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 367:143-152. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Fox, R. J. and D. R. Bellwood. 2008. Remote video bioassays reveal the potential feeding impact of the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus (f: Siganidae) on an inner-shelf reef of the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:605-615. 2008 Australia Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Gower, J. and S. King. 2008. New results from a global survey using MERIS MCI. European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP 2008 Global; Europe Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fleshy Macroalgae; Plankton
Gower, J. and S. King. 2008. On the importance of a band at 709 NM. European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP 2008 Fleshy Macroalgae; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hern�ndez, J. C., S. Clemente, C. Sangil, and A. Brito. 2008. The key role of the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum in controlling macroalgae assemblages throughout the Canary Islands (eastern subtropical Atlantic): an spatio-temporal approach. Marine Environmental Research 66:259-270. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Boats; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Jupiter, S., G. Roff, G. Marion, M. Henderson, V. Schrameyer, M. McCulloch, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Linkages between coral assemblages and coral proxies of terrestrial exposure along a cross-shelf gradient on the southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:887-903. 2008 Australia Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kruzic, P., A. Zuljevic, and V. Nikolic. 2008. The highly invasive alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea poses a new threat to the banks of the coral Cladocora caespitosa in the Adriatic Sea. Coral Reefs 27:441. 2008 Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species
Mattio, L., G. Dirberg, C. E. Payri, and S. Andrefouet. 2008. Diversity, biomass and distribution pattern of Sargassum beds in the South West lagoon of New Caledonia (South Pacific). Journal of Applied Phycology 20:811-823. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Metian, M. and M. Warnau. 2008. The tropical brown alga Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) womersley: A prospective bioindicator for Ag contamination in tropical coastal waters. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 81:455-458. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae
Metian, M., E. Giron, V. Borne, L. Hedouin, J.-L. Teyssie, and M. Warnau. 2008. The brown alga Lobophora variegata, a bioindicator species for surveying metal contamination in tropical marine environments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 362:49-54. 2008 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mining
Nugues, M. M. and R. P. M. Bak. 2008. Long-term dynamics of the brown macroalga Lobophora variegata on deep reefs in Curacao. Coral Reefs 27:389-393. 2008 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Paddack, M. J. and S. Sponaugle. 2008. Recruitment and habitat selection of newly settled Sparisoma viride to reefs with low coral cover. Marine Ecology Progress Series 369:205-212. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Paul, N. A. and R. de Nys. 2008. Promise and pitfalls of locally abundant seaweeds as biofilters for integrated aquaculture. Aquaculture 281:49-55. 2008 Australia Algae; Aquaculture; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Remediation
Porto, I., C. Granados, J. C. Restrepo, and J. A. Sanchez. 2008. Macroalgal-associated dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Symbiodinium in caribbean reefs. PLoS One 3. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish
Sandin, S. A., E. M. Sampayo, and M. J. A. Vermeij. 2008. Coral reef fish and benthic community structure of bonaire and Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 44:137-144. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Sandin, S. A., J. E. Smith, E. E. DeMartini, E. A. Dinsdale, S. D. Donner, A. M. Friedlander, T. Konotchick, M. Malay, J. E. Maragos, D. Obura, O. Pantos, G. Paulay, M. Richie, F. Rohwer, R. E. Schroeder, S. Walsh, J. B. C. Jackson, N. Knowlton, and E. Sala. 2008. Baselines and degradation of coral reefs in the Northern Line Islands. PLoS One 3. 2008 Global Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Planktivorous Fish
Sirelkhatim, D. A., A. K. Sam, and R. K. Hassona. 2008. Distribution of 226Ra-210Pb-210Po in marine biota and surface sediments of the Red Sea, Sudan. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 99:1825-1828. 2008 Sudan Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Tolentino-Pablico, G., N. Bailly, R. Froese, and C. Elloran. 2008. Seaweeds preferred by herbivorous fishes. Journal of Applied Phycology 20:933-938. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Aquaculture; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wood, J. B., K. E. Pennoyer, and C. D. Derby. 2008. Ink is a conspecific alarm cue in the Caribbean reef squid, Sepioteuthis sepioidea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 367:16-Nov. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid
Yniguez, A. T., J. W. McManus, and D. L. DeAngelis. 2008. Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna. Ecological Modelling 216:60-74. 2008 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Zhang, S. Y., L. Wang, and W. D. Wang. 2008. Algal communities at Gouqi Island in the Zhoushan archipelago, China. Journal of Applied Phycology 20:853-861. 2008 China Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Plankton
Zubia, M., C. Payri, and E. Deslandes. 2008. Alginate, mannitol, phenolic compounds and biological activities of two range-extending brown algae, Sargassum mangarevense and Turbinaria ornata (Phaeophyta: Fucales), from Tahiti (French Polynesia). Journal of Applied Phycology 20:1033-1043. 2008 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Aburto-Oropeza, O., E. Sala, G. Paredes, A. Mendoza, and E. Ballesteros. 2007. Predictability of reef fish recruitment in a highly variable nursery habitat. Ecology 88:2220-2228. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Climate; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish
Box, S. J. and P. J. Mumby. 2007. Effect of macroalgal competition on growth and survival of juvenile Caribbean corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 342:139-149. 2007 South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Cardona, L., M. Sales, and D. Lopez. 2007. Changes in fish abundance do not cascade to sea urchins and erect algae in one of the most oligotrophic parts of the Mediterranean. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:273-282. 2007 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Garpe, K. 2007. Effects of habitat structure on tropical fish assemblages. PhD Dissertation. Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2007. Drift rhodophyte blooms emerge in Lee County, Florida, USA: Evidence of escalating coastal eutrophication. Harmful Algae 6:421-437. 2007 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Lecchini, D., C. W. Osenberg, J. S. Shima, C. M. St Mary, and R. Galzin. 2007. Ontogenetic changes in habitat selection during settlement in a coral reef fish: Ecological determinants and sensory mechanisms. Coral Reefs 26:423-432. 2007 Lab Study Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Littler, M. M. and D. S. Littler. 2007. Assessment of coral reefs using herbivory/nutrient assays and indicator groups of benthic primary producers: A critical synthesis, proposed protocols, and critique of management strategies. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:195-215. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Mantyka, C. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2007. Direct evaluation of macroalgal removal by herbivorous coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs 26:435-442. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mantyka, C. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2007. Macroalgal grazing selectivity among herbivorous coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 352:177-185. 2007 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Marcus, J. E., M. A. Samoilys, J. J. Meeuwig, Z. A. D. Villongco, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2007. Benthic status of near-shore fishing grounds in the central Philippines and associated seahorse densities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1483-1494. 2007 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral
McClanahan, T. R., M. Carreiro-Silva, and M. DiLorenzo. 2007. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorous, and their interaction on coral reef algal succession in Glover's Reef, Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1947-1957. 2007 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Turf Algae
Morgan, S. K. and A. C. J. Vincent. 2007. The ontogeny of habitat associations in the tropical tiger tail seahorse Hippocampus comes Cantor, 1850. Journal of Fish Biology 71:701-724. 2007 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Algae; Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral
Paul, V. J., K. E. Arthur, R. Ritson-Williams, C. Ross, and K. Sharp. 2007. Chemical defenses: From compounds to communities. Biological Bulletin 213:226-251. 2007 Lab Study Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Relini, G., M. Relini, G. Palandri, S. Merello, and E. Beccornia. 2007. History, ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea, Italy. Hydrobiologia 580:193-217. 2007 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Invasive Species; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Titlyanov, E. A., I. M. Yakovleva, and T. V. Titlyanova. 2007. Interaction between benthic algae (Lyngbya bouillonii, Dictyota dichotoma) and scleractinian coral Porites lutea in direct contact. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 342:282-291. 2007 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Toohey, B. D., G. A. Kendrick, and E. S. Harvey. 2007. Disturbance and reef topography maintain high local diversity in Ecklonia radiata kelp forests. Oikos 116:1618-1630. 2007 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Villareal, T. A., S. Hanson, S. Qualia, E. L. E. Jester, H. R. Granade, and R. W. Dickey. 2007. Petroleum production platforms as sites for the expansion of ciguatera in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Harmful Algae 6:253-259. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Beach, K. S., L. J. Walters, and H. B. Borgeas. 2006. Irradiance and nutrient limitation of Dicytota spp. populations on Conch Reef, Florida Keys, USA. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 329:101-112. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production
Culter, J. K., K. B. Ritchie, S. A. Earle, D. E. Guggenheim, R. B. Halley, K. T. Ciembronowicz, A. C. Hine, B. D. Jarrett, S. D. Locker, and W. C. Jaap. 2006. Pulley reef: a deep photosynthetic coral reef on the West Florida Shelf, USA. Coral Reefs 25:228. 2006 Florida Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Enriquez, S. and A. Rodriguez-Roman. 2006. Effect of water flow on the photosynthesis of three marine macrophytes from a fringing-reef lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 323:119-132. 2006 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow
Erickson, A. A., V. J. Paul, K. L. Van Alstyne, and L. M. Kwiatkowski. 2006. Palatability of macroalgae that use different types of chemical defenses. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32:1883-1895. 2006 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Sea Urchins
Gratwicke, B., C. Petrovic, and M. R. Speight. 2006. Fish distribution and ontogenetic habitat preferences in non-estuarine lagoons and adjacent reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 76:191-210. 2006 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean Review; GIS & Maps Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Herren, L. W., L. J. Walters, and K. S. Beach. 2006. Fragment generation, survival, and attachment of Dictyota spp. at Conch Reef in the Florida Keys, USA. Coral Reefs 25:287-295. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae
Hirst, A. J. 2006. Influence of taxonomic resolution on multivariate analyses of arthropod and macroalgal reef assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 324:83-93. 2006 Australia Arthropods; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates
Ikeda, E., Y. Iryu, K. Sugihara, H. Ohba, and T. Yamada. 2006. Bathymetry, biota and sediments on the Hirota Reef, Tane-ga-shima - The northernmost coral reef in the Ryukyu Islands. Island Arc 15:407-419. 2006 Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment; Substrate; Turf Algae
Kuffner, I. B., L. J. Walters, M. A. Becerro, V. J. Paul, R. Ritson-Williams, and K. S. Beach. 2006. Inhibition of coral recruitment by macroalgae and cyanobacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series 323:107-117. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Lapointe, B. E., B. J. Bedford, and R. Baumberger. 2006. Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne remove blooms of the invasive green alga Caulerpa brachypus forma parvifolia (Harvey) cribb from coral reefs off northern Palm Beach County, Florida. Estuaries and Coasts 29:966-971. 2006 Florida; France Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2006. Harmful algae on tropical coral reefs: Bottom-up eutrophication and top-down herbivory. Harmful Algae 5:565-585. 2006 Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, B. L. Brooks, and B. E. Lapointe. 2006. Nutrient manipulation methods for coral reef studies: A critical review and experimental field data. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:242-253. 2006 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients
McDermid, K. J. and I. A. Abbott. 2006. Deep subtidal marine plants from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: New perspectives on biogeography. Atoll Research Bulletin 525-532. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Newman, M. J. H., G. A. Paredes, E. Sala, and J. B. C. Jackson. 2006. Structure of Caribbean coral reef communities across a large gradient of fish biomass. Ecology Letters 9:1216-1227. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nugues, M. M. and R. P. M. Bak. 2006. Differential competitive abilities between Caribbean coral species and a brown alga: A year of experiments and a long-term perspective. Marine Ecology Progress Series 315:75-86. 2006 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Omori, M., H. Kubo, K. Kajiwara, H. Matsumoto, and A. Watanuki. 2006. Rapid recruitment of corals on top shell snail aquaculture structures. Coral Reefs 25:280. 2006 Algae; Aquaculture; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Substrate
Raikar, V. and M. Wafar. 2006. Surge ammonium uptake in macroalgae from a coral atoll. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 339:236-240. 2006 Cuba; India Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Raniello, R., M. Lorenti, C. Brunet, and M. C. Buia. 2006. Photoacclimation of the invasive alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea to depth and daylight patterns and a putative new role for siphonaxanthin. Marine Ecology 27:20-30. 2006 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Light
Roberts, D. A. and A. G. B. Poore. 2006. Habitat configuration affects colonisation of epifauna in a marine algal bed. Biological Conservation 127:18-26. 2006 Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Marine Worms
Smith, J. E., M. Shaw, R. A. Edwards, D. Obura, O. Pantos, E. Sala, S. A. Sandin, S. Smriga, M. Hatay, and F. L. Rohwer. 2006. Indirect effects of algae on coral: Algae-mediated, microbe-induced coral mortality. Ecology Letters 9:835-845. 2006 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Skeletal Coral
Stamski, R. E. and M. E. Field. 2006. Characterization of sediment trapped by macroalgae on a Hawaiian reef flat. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 66:211-216. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment
Toller, W. 2006. An investigation of anchor damage to the Frederiksted Reef System: Impacts to substrate, benthic communities, and reef fish assemblages. Disivision of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Frederiksted, USVI. 2006 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate; Turf Algae
Vidal Marques, L., R. Villaca, and R. Crespo Pereira. 2006. Susceptibility of macroalgae to herbivorous fishes at Rocas Atoll, Brazil. Botanica Marina 49:379-385. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Vroom, P. S. and K. N. Page. 2006. Relative abundance of macroalgae (RAM) on Northwestern Hawaiian Island reefs. Atoll Research Bulletin 533-548. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Andre, J., E. Gyuris, and I. R. Lawler. 2005. Comparison of the diets of sympatric dugongs and green turtles on the Orman Reefs, Torres Strait, Australia. Wildlife Research 32:53-62. 2005 Australia; Papua New Guinea Algae; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Ateweberhan, M., J. H. Bruggemann, and A. M. Breeman. 2005. Seasonal dynamics of Sargassum ilicifolium (Phaeophyta) on a shallow reef flat in the southern Red Sea (Eritrea). Marine Ecology Progress Series 292:159-171. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae
Ateweberhan, M., J. H. Bruggemann, and A. M. Breeman. 2005. Seasonal patterns of biomass, growth and reproduction in Dictyota cervicornis and Stoechospermum polypodioides (Dictyotales, Phaeophyta) on a shallow reef flat in the southern Red Sea (Eritrea). Botanica Marina 48:17-Aug. 2005 Fleshy Macroalgae
Baker, J. L., G. J. Edgar, and N. S. Barrett. 2005. Subtidal macroflora of althorpe and Haystack Islands, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 129:128-144. 2005 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Ceccarelli, D. M., G. P. Jones, and L. J. McCook. 2005. Effects of territorial damselfish on an algal-dominated coastal coral reef. Coral Reefs 24:606-620. 2005 Australia Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Civitelli, G. and M. Brandano. 2005. The «Calcari a Briozoi e Litotamni» in the Latium-Abruzzi carbonate platform (Central Apennines, Italy): Atlas of the lithofacies and depositional model [Atlante delle litofacies e modello deposizionale dei Calcari a Briozoi e Litotamni nella Piattaform. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana 124:611-643. 2005 Global; Europe Model Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Diaz-Pulido, G. and L. J. McCook. 2005. Effects of nutrient enhancement on the fecundity of a coral reef macroalga. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 317:13-24. 2005 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Espinoza, M. and E. Salas. 2005. Structure of reef fish communities in Catalinas Islands and Ocotal beach, North Pacific of Costa Rica [Estructura de las comunidades de peces de arrecife en las Islas Catalinas y playa Ocotal, Pacifico Norte de Costa Rica]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:523-536. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica Index or Indicator Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Estes, J. A., D. R. Lindberg, and C. Wray. 2005. Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and implications. Paleobiology 31:591-606. 2005 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Fernandez, C. and J. Cortes. 2005. Caulerpa sertularioides, a green alga spreading aggressively over coral reef communities in Culebra Bay, North Pacific of Costa Rica. Coral Reefs 24:10. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica Fleshy Macroalgae
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, M. M. Littler, and D. S. Littler. 2005. Macroalgal blooms on southeast Florida coral reefs: II. Cross-shelf discrimination of nitrogen sources indicates widespread assimilation of sewage nitrogen. Harmful Algae 4:1106-1122. 2005 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
McClanahan, T. R., R. S. Steneck, D. Pietri, B. Cokos, and S. Jones. 2005. Interaction between inorganic nutrients and organic matter in controlling coral reef communities in Glovers Reef Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:566-575. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Mumby, P. J., N. L. Foster, and E. A. G. Fahy. 2005. Patch dynamics of coral reef macroalgae under chronic and acute disturbance. Coral Reefs 24:681-692. 2005 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Panek, F. M. 2005. Epizootics and disease of coral reef fish in the tropical Western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Reviews in Fisheries Science 13:21-Jan. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Review Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sanchez, J. A., V. Pizarro, A. R. Acosta-de-Sanchez, P. A. Castillo, P. Herron, J. C. Martinez, P. Montoya, and C. Orozco. 2005. Evaluating coral reef benthic communities in remote Caribbean Atolls (Quitasueno, Serrana, and Roncador Banks) to recommend marine-protected areas for the seaflower biosphere reserve. Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-65. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral; Substrate
Vanderklift, M. A. and G. A. Kendrick. 2005. Contrasting influence of sea urchins on attached and drift macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 299:101-110. 2005 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Andrefouet, S., M. Zubia, and C. Payri. 2004. Mapping and biomass estimation of the invasive brown algae Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh and Sargassum mangarevense (Grunow) Setchell on heterogeneous Tahitian coral reefs using 4-meter resolution IKONOS satellite data. Coral Reefs 23:26-38. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seagrasses
Baird, A. H. and A. N. C. Morse. 2004. Induction of metamorphosis in larvae of the brooding corals Acropora palifera and Stylophora pistillata. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:469-472. 2004 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Ballantine, D. L., H. Ruiz, and N. E. Aponte. 2004. Notes on the benthic marine algae of Puerto Rico VIII. Additions to the flora. Botanica Marina 47:335-340. 2004 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cayman Islands; Venezuela; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fleshy Macroalgae
Barile, P. J. 2004. Evidence of anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment of the littoral waters of east central Florida. Journal of Coastal Research 20:1237-1245. 2004 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India Index or Indicator Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Improved Technology; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Conklin, E. J. and J. Stimson. 2004. An attempt to increase numbers of herbivorous fishes as a means of controlling populations of fleshy macroalgae on coral reefs in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 58:189-200. 2004 Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Diaz-Pulido, G. and L. J. McCook. 2004. Effects of live coral, epilithic algal communities and substrate type on algal recruitment. Coral Reefs 23:225-233. 2004 Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Plankton; Substrate; Turf Algae
Edgar, G. J., N. S. Barrett, A. J. Morton, and C. R. Samson. 2004. Effects of algal canopy clearance on plant, fish and macroinvertebrate communities on eastern Tasmanian reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 312:67-87. 2004 Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Fernandez, C. and J. J. Alvarado. 2004. The coral reef of Punta Cocles, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica [El arrecife coralino de Punta Cocles, costa Caribe de Costa Rica]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 52:121-129. 2004 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hwang, R.-L., C.-C. Tsai, and T.-M. Lee. 2004. Assessment of temperature and nutrient limitation on seasonal dynamics among species of Sargassum from a coral reef in southern Taiwan. Journal of Phycology 40:463-473. 2004 Taiwan Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Kraft, G. T., G. W. Saunders, I. A. Abbott, and R. J. Haroun. 2004. A uniquely calcified brown alga from Hawaii: Newhousia imbricata gen. et sp. nov. (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 40:383-394. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae
Meusnier, I., M. Valero, J. L. Olsen, and W. T. Stam. 2004. Analysis of rDNA ITS1 indels in Caulerpa taxifolia (Chlorophyta) supports a derived, incipient species status for the invasive strain. European Journal of Phycology 39:83-92. 2004 Australia; New Caledonia GIS & Maps Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species
Mumby, P. J., J. D. Hedley, J. R. M. Chisholm, C. D. Clark, H. Ripley, and J. Jaubert. 2004. The cover of living and dead corals from airborne remote sensing. Coral Reefs 23:171-183. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Nugues, M. M., L. Delvoye, and R. P. M. Bak. 2004. Coral defence against macroalgae: Differential effects of mesenterial filaments on the green alga Halimeda opuntia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 278:103-114. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Pereira, M. A. M. and P. M. B. Goncalves. 2004. Effects of the 2000 southern Mozambique floods on a marginal coral community: The case at Xai-Xai. African Journal of Aquatic Science 29:113-116. 2004 Mozambique Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Octocoral; Salinity; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae
Pocsidio, G. N. and L. M. Dimaano. 2004. The population densities of potentially toxic epiphytic dinoflagellates in Lingsat Reef, La Union Province, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 87:148-159. 2004 Philippines Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Shears, N. T., R. C. Babcock, C. A. J. Duffy, and J. W. Walker. 2004. Validation of qualitative habitat descriptors commonly used to classify subtidal reef assemblages in north-eastern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38:743-752. 2004 GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae
Stiger, V., E. Deslandes, and C. E. Payri. 2004. Phenolic contents of two brown algae, Turbinaria ornata and Sargassum mangarevense on Tahiti (French Polynesia): Interspecific, ontogenic and spatio-temporal variations. Botanica Marina 47:402-409. 2004 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Tsai, C.-C., S.-L. Wong, J.-S. Chang, R.-L. Hwang, C.-F. Dai, Y.-C. Yu, Y.-T. Shyu, F. Sheu, and T.-M. Lee. 2004. Macroalgal assemblage structure on a coral reef in Nanwan Bay in southern Taiwan. Botanica Marina 47:439-453. 2004 Taiwan Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Tuya, F., A. Boyra, P. Sanchez-Jerez, C. Barbera, and R. J. Haroun. 2004. Relationships between rocky-reef fish assemblages, the sea urchin Diadema antillarum and macroalgae throughout the Canarian Archipelago. Marine Ecology Progress Series 278:157-169. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Substrate
Baker, J. L. and K. S. Edyvane. 2003. Subtidal macrofloral survey of St Francis and Fenelon Islands, South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 127:177-187. 2003 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Beach, K., L. Walters, H. Borgeas, C. Smith, J. Coyer, and P. Vroom. 2003. The impact of Dictyota spp. on Halimeda populations of Conch Reef, Florida Keys. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 297:141-159. 2003 Florida Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Octocoral; Primary Production; Sponges; Stony Coral
De Senerpont Domis, L. N., P. Fama, A. J. Bartlett, W. F. Prud'homme Van Reine, C. A. Espinosa, and G. C. Trono Jr. 2003. Defining taxon boundaries in members of the morphologically and genetically plastic genus Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta). Journal of Phycology 39:1019-1037. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Fleshy Macroalgae; Substrate
Diaz-Pulido, G. and L. J. McCook. 2003. Relative roles of herbivory and nutrients in the recruitment of coral-reef seaweeds. Ecology 84:2026-2033. 2003 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Golbuu, Y., S. Victor, E. Wolanski, and R. H. Richmond. 2003. Trapping of fine sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:941-949. 2003 Palau; Micronesia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Irving, A., M. J. Fowler-Walker, and S. Connell. 2003. Associations of forest-type with morphology of Ecklonia radiata and abundance of understorey algae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 127:167-175. 2003 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Mohapatra, B. R., M. Bapuji, and A. Sree. 2003. Production of industrial enzymes (amylase, carboxymethylcellulase and protease) by bacteria isolated from marine sedentary organisms. Acta Biotechnologica 23:75-84. 2003 Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Octocoral; Sponges
Nemeth, R. S., A. Quandt, L. Requa, J. P. Rothenberger, and M. G. Taylor. 2003. A rapid assessment of coral reefs in the Virgin Islands (Part 1: stony corals and algae). Pages 545-565 2003 US Virgin Islands Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Peresypkin, V. I., E. A. Romankevich, and N. A. Belyaev. 2003. Paraffin hydrocarbons and lignin in the bottom sediments of the Blake-Bahama abyssal plain. Oceanology 43:503-511. 2003 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment
Vroom, P. S., C. M. Smith, J. A. Coyer, L. J. Walters, C. L. Hunter, K. S. Beach, and J. E. Smith. 2003. Field biology of Halimeda tuna (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) across a depth gradient: Comparative growth, survivorship, recruitment, and reproduction. Hydrobiologia 501:149-166. 2003 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Watson, J. E. 2003. Encounter 2002 expedition to the Isles of St Francis, South Australia: Annotated list of shallow water Hydroids with description of a new species of Campanularia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 127:243-263. 2003 Australia Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Substrate
Belliveau, S. A. and V. J. Paul. 2002. Effects of herbivory and nutrients on the early colonization of crustose coralline and fleshy algae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 232:105-114. 2002 Guam Algae; Coralline Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment
Choi, C. G., Y. Takeuchi, T. Terawaki, Y. Serisawa, M. Ohno, and C. H. Sohn. 2002. Ecology of seaweed beds on two types of artificial reef. Journal of Applied Phycology 14:343-349. 2002 Japan Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Substrate
Collado-Vides, L. 2002. Morphological plasticity of Caulerpa prolifera (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) in relation to growth form in a coral reef lagoon. Botanica Marina 45:123-129. 2002 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Costa Jr., O. S., M. J. Attrill, A. G. Pedrini, and J. C. De-Paula. 2002. Spatial and seasonal distribution of seaweeds on coral reefs from southern Bahia, Brazil. Botanica Marina 45:346-355. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Turf Algae
Diaz-Pulido, G. and J. Garzon-Ferreira. 2002. Seasonality in algal assemblages on upwelling-influenced coral reefs in the Colombian Caribbean. Botanica Marina 45:284-292. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Turf Algae
Diaz-Pulido, G. and L. J. McCook. 2002. The fate of bleached corals: Patterns and dynamics of algal recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 232:115-128. 2002 Australia Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Elfwing, T. and M. Tedengren. 2002. Effects of copper and reduced salinity on grazing activity and macroalgae production: A short-term study on a mollusc grazer, Trochus maculatus, and two species of macroalgae in the inner Gulf of Thailand. Marine Biology 140:913-919. 2002 Thailand Index or Indicator Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs; Primary Production; Salinity; Stony Coral
Hovel, K. A. and R. N. Lipcius. 2002. Effects of competition and herbivory on interactions between a hard coral and a brown alga. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 271:25-39. 2002 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Jompa, J. and L. J. McCook. 2002. The effects of nutrients and herbivory on competition between a hard coral (Porites cylindrica) and a brown alga (Lobophora variegata). Limnology and Oceanography 47:527-534. 2002 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Levin, P. S. and M. E. Hay. 2002. Fish-seaweed association on temperate reefs: Do small-scale experiments predict large-scale patterns? Marine Ecology Progress Series 232:239-246. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae
McClanahan, T. R., B. A. Cokos, and E. Sala. 2002. Algal growth and species composition under experimental control of herbivory, phosphorus and coral abundance in Glovers Reef, Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:441-451. 2002 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
McClanahan, T., J. Maina, and L. Pet-Soede. 2002. Effects of the 1998 coral morality event on Kenyan coral reefs and fisheries. Ambio 31:543-550. 2002 Kenya Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges
Mohapatra, B. R., M. Bapuji, and A. Sree. 2002. Antifungal efficacy of bacteria isolated from marine sedentary organisms. Folia Microbiologica 47:51-55. 2002 Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sponges
Tupper, M. and M. A. Rudd. 2002. Species-specific impacts of a small marine reserve on reef fish production and fishing productivity in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Environmental Conservation 29:484-492. 2002 Turks and Caicos Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Funding & Incentives; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Umezawa, Y., T. Miyajima, M. Yamamuro, H. Kayanne, and I. Koike. 2002. Fine-scale mapping of land-derived nitrogen in coral reefs by δ15N in macroalgae. Limnology and Oceanography 47:1405-1416. 2002 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Withgott, J. 2002. Invasive species: California tries to rub out the monster of the lagoon. Science 295:2201-2202. 2002 Global Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species
Aponte, N. E. and D. L. Ballantine. 2001. Depth distribution of algal species on the deep insular fore reef at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 48:2185-2194. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Aronson, R.B. and W. F. Precht. 2001. White-band disease and the changing face of Caribbean coral reefs. Hydrobiologia 460:25-38. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Briones-Fourzan, P. and E. Lozano-Alvarez. 2001. The importance of Lobophora variegata (Phaeophyta: Dictyotales) as a habitat for small juveniles of panulirus argus (Decapoda: Palinuridae) in a tropical reef lagoon. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:207-219. 2001 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Substrate
Carriquiry, J. D., A. L. Cupul-Magana, F. Rodriguez-Zaragoza, and P. Medina-Rosas. 2001. Coral bleaching and mortality in the Mexican Pacific during the 1997-98 El Nino and prediction from a remote sensing approach. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:237-249. 2001 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Salinity; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Ferreira, C. E. L., J. E. A. Gonccalves, and R. Coutinho. 2001. Community structure of fishes and habitat complexity on a tropical rocky shore. Environmental Biology of Fishes 61:353-369. 2001 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Fong, P., K. Kamer, K. E. Boyer, and K. A. Boyle. 2001. Nutrient content of macroalgae with differing morphologies may indicate sources of nutrients for tropical marine systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 220:137-152. 2001 Puerto Rico Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment
Kuffner, I. B. and V. J. Paul. 2001. Effects of nitrate, phosphate and iron on the growth of macroalgae and benthic cyanobacteria from cocos lagoon, guam. Marine Ecology Progress Series 222:63-72. 2001 Guam Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Substrate
Lirman, D. 2001. Competition between macroalgae and corals: Effects of herbivore exclusion and increased algal biomass on coral survivorship and growth. Coral Reefs 19:392-399. 2001 Florida Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
McClanahan, T. R., M. McField, M. Huitric, K. Bergman, E. Sala, M. Nystrom, I. Nordemar, T. Elfwing, and N. A. Muthiga. 2001. Responses of algae, corals and fish to the reduction of macroalgae in fished and unfished patch reefs of Glovers Reef Atoll, Belize. Coral Reefs 19:367-379. 2001 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. Muthiga, and S. Mangi. 2001. Coral and algal changes after the 1998 coral bleaching: Interaction with reef management and herbivores on Kenyan reefs. Coral Reefs 19:380-391. 2001 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral
River, G. F. and P. J. Edmunds. 2001. Mechanisms of interaction between macroalgae and scleractinians on a coral reef in Jamaica. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 261:159-172. 2001 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral
Ryland, J. S. 2001. Convergent colonial organization and reproductive function in two bryozoan species epizoic on gastropod shells. Journal of Natural History 35:1085-1101. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); South Africa Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Snails & Conch
Sano, M. 2001. Short-term responses of fishes to macroalgal overgrowth on coral rubble on a degraded reef at Iriomote Island, Japan. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:543-556. 2001 Japan Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seastars; Skeletal Coral
Schaffelke, B. 2001. Surface alkaline phosphatase activities of macroalgae on coral reefs of the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 19:310-317. 2001 Global; Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Smith, J. E., C. M. Smith, and C. L. Hunter. 2001. An experimental analysis of the effects of herbivory and nutrient enrichment on benthic community dynamics on a Hawaiian reef. Coral Reefs 19:332-342. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment
Solandt, J.-L. and A. C. Campbell. 2001. Macroalgal feeding characteristics of the sea urchin diadema Antillarum Philippi at discovery bay, Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 37:227-238. 2001 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Lab Study Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins
Thacker, R. W., D. W. Ginsburg, and V. J. Paul. 2001. Effects of herbivore exclusion and nutrient enrichment on coral reef macroalgae and cyanobacteria. Coral Reefs 19:318-329. 2001 Algae; Cyanobacteria; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens
Villouta, E., W. L. Chadderton, C. W. Pugsley, and C. H. Hay. 2001. Effects of sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) grazing in Dusky Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35:1007-1024. 2001 Algae; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins
Williams, I. D., N. V. C. Polunin, and V. J. Hendrick. 2001. Limits to grazing by herbivorous fishes and the impact of low coral cover on macroalgal abundance on a coral reef in Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 222:187-196. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Benzie, J. A. H., E. Ballment, and K. Edyvane. 2000. Allozymes as genetic identification markers of Sargassum spp. (Phaeophyta) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Botanica Marina 43:169-179. 2000 Australia Fleshy Macroalgae
Benzie, J. A. H., E. Ballment, J. R. M. Chisholm, and J. M. Jaubert. 2000. Genetic variation in the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia. Aquatic Botany 66:131-139. 2000 Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Dhargalkar, V. K. and N. Shaikh. 2000. Primary productivity of marine macrophytes in the coral reef lagoon of the Kadmat Island, Lakshadweep. Current Science 79:1101-1104. 2000 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Hills, D. J. and B. Jones. 2000. Peyssonnelid rhodoliths from the late Pleistocene Ironshore formation, Grand Cayman, British West Indies. Palaios 15:212-224. 2000 Algae; Bivalves; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Worms
Hochberg, E. J. and M. J. Atkinson. 2000. Spectral discrimination of coral reef benthic communities. Coral Reefs 19:164-171. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Knap, A. H., D. P. Connelly, and J. N. Butler. 2000. The Sargasso Sea and Bermuda. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 221-231. 2000 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Whales & Dolphins
Kraft, G. T. 2000. Marine and estuarine benthic green algae (Chlorophyta) of Lord Howe Island, South-western pacific. Australian Systematic Botany 13:509-648. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Lirman, D. and P. Biber. 2000. Seasonal dynamics of macroalgal communities of the Northern Florida Reef Tract. Botanica Marina 43:305-314. 2000 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Littler, D. S., M. M. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2000. Checklist of marine algae and seagrasses from the ponds of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 153-206. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
McClanahan, T. R. 2000. Bleaching damage and recovery potential of Maldivian coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:587-597. 2000 Maldives Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sponges; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
McClanahan, T. R., K. Bergman, M. Huitric, M. McField, T. Elfwing, M. Nystrom, and I. Nordemar. 2000. Response of fishes to algae reduction on glovers reef, Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 206:273-282. 2000 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Mitchell, S., S. Khan, R. Maharaj, and E. Robinson. 2000. Carbonate beach sediment composition at a tourist beach, Negril, Jamaica. Pages 204-217 in Carbonate Beaches 2000. 2000 Jamaica Algae; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Payri, C. E. 2000. Primary production and calcification of coral reef benthic algae [Production primaire et calcification des algues benthiques en milieu corallien]. Oceanis 26:427-463. 2000 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Zooxanthellae
Rossier, O. and M. Kulbicki. 2000. A comparison of fish assemblages from two types of algal beds and coral reefs in the south-west lagoon of New Caledonia. Cybium 24:26-Mar. 2000 New Caledonia Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sato, M. and K. Wada. 2000. Resource utilization for decorating in three intertidal majid crabs (Brachyura: Majidae). Marine Biology 137:705-714. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Red Sea. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 35-45. 2000 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies
Vasuki, S., M. Ganesan, P. V. S. Rao, and O. P. Mairh. 2000. Seasonal variation in the growth of marine red alga Asparagopsis delilei (Rhodophyta/Bonnemaisoniales) from the Mandapam region, southeast coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 29:61-64. 2000 India Fleshy Macroalgae; Salinity
Vierros, M. 2000. Jamaica. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 559-574. 2000 Jamaica Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Baynes, T. W. 1999. Factors structuring a subtidal encrusting community in the southern Gulf of California. Bulletin of Marine Science 64:419-450. 1999 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment
Clifton, K. E. and L. M. Clifton. 1999. The phenology of sexual reproduction by green algae (Bryopsidales) on Caribbean coral reefs. Journal of Phycology 35:24-34. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Substrate
Kendrick, G. A., P. S. Lavery, and J. C. Phillips. 1999. Influence of Ecklonia radiata kelp canopy on structure of macro-algal assemblages in Marmion Lagoon, Western Australia. Hydrobiologia 275-283. 1999 Australia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Lundberg, B. and N. Popper. 1999. Algal vegetation in the Elat Coral Reef Reserve. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 47:111-121. 1999 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
McClanahan, T. R. 1999. Predation and the control of the sea urchin Echinometra viridis and fleshy algae in the patch reefs of Glovers Reef, Belize. Ecosystems 2:511-523. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Madagascar; Caribbean Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. Muthiga, A. T. Kamukuru, H. Machano, and R. W. Kiambo. 1999. The effects of marine parks and fishing on coral reefs of northern Tanzania. Biological Conservation 89:161-182. 1999 Kenya; Tanzania Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R., R. B. Aronson, W. F. Precht, and N. A. Muthiga. 1999. Fleshy algae dominate remote coral reefs of Belize. Coral Reefs 18:61-62. 1999 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
McClanahan, T. R., V. Hendrick, M. J. Rodrigues, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1999. Varying responses of herbivorous and invertebrate-feeding fishes to macroalgal reduction on a coral reef. Coral Reefs 18:195-203. 1999 Kenya Index or Indicator Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ochieng, C. A. and P. L. A. Erftemeijer. 1999. Accumulation of seagrass beach cast along the Kenyan coast: A quantitative assessment. Aquatic Botany 65:221-238. 1999 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Fleshy Macroalgae; Littering; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Schaffelke, B. 1999. Particulate organic matter as an alternative nutrient source for tropical Sargassum species (Fucales, Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 35:1150-1157. 1999 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients
Schaffelke, B. 1999. Short-term nutrient pulses as tools to assess responses of coral reef macroalgae to enhanced nutrient availability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 182:305-310. 1999 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smith, C. M. and L. J. Walters. 1999. Fragmentation as a strategy for Caulerpa species: Fates of fragments and implications for management of an invasive weed. Marine Ecology 20:307-319. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Aquaculture; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Seagrasses
Stachowicz, J. J. and M. E. Hay. 1999. Mutualism and coral persistence: The role of herbivore resistance to algal chemical defense. Ecology 80:2085-2101. 1999 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins; Skeletal Coral
Stiger, V. and C. E. Payri. 1999. Spatial and seasonal variations in the biological characteristics of two invasive brown algae, turbinaria ornata (turner) j. agardh and sargassum mangarevense (grunow) setchell (sargassaceae, fucales) spreading on the reefs of tahiti (french polynesia). Botanica Marina 42:295-306. 1999 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species
Stiger, V. and C. E. Payri. 1999. Spatial and temporal patterns of settlement of the brown macroalgae Turbinaria ornata and Sargassum mangarevense in a coral reef on Tahiti. Marine Ecology Progress Series 191:91-100. 1999 Model Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fleshy Macroalgae
Benedetti-Cecchi, L., F. Bulleri, and F. Cinelli. 1998. Density dependent foraging of sea urchins in shallow subtidal reefs on the west coast of Italy (western Mediterranean). Marine Ecology Progress Series 163:203-211. 1998 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins
Jaubert Jean, M., R. M. Chisholm John, MA NU EL Marchioretti, and FA BR IC E Priouzeau. 1998. Submersible respirometer designed to measure the metabolism of benthic marine plants and invertebrates. Pages 1754-1756 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1998 Cuba Fleshy Macroalgae; Housing; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Larned, S. T. 1998. Nitrogen- versus phosphorus-limited growth and sources of nutrients for coral reef macroalgae. Marine Biology 132:409-421. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment
McClanahan, T. R. and N. A. Muthiga. 1998. An ecological shift in a remote coral atoll of Belize over 25 years. Environmental Conservation 25:122-130. 1998 Global; South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Morton, S. L., P. D. R. Moeller, K. A. Young, and B. Lanoue. 1998. Okadaic acid production from the marine dinoflagellate prorocentrum belizeanum faust isolated from the belizean coral reef ecosystem. Toxicon 36:201-206. 1998 South & Central America; Belize Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sam, A. K., M. M. O. Ahamed, F. A. El Khangi, Y. O. El Nigumi, and E. Holm. 1998. Radioactivity levels in the Red Sea coastal environment of Sudan. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36:19-26. 1998 Sudan Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sediment
Schaffelke, B. and D. W. Klumpp. 1998. Nutrient-limited growth of the coral reef macroalga Sargassum baccularia and experimental growth enhancement by nutrient addition in continuous flow culture. Marine Ecology Progress Series 164:199-211. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Substrate
Schaffelke, B. and D. W. Klumpp. 1998. Short-term nutrient pulses enhance growth and photosynthesis of the coral reef macroalga Sargassum baccularia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 170:95-105. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Umar, M. J., L. J. McCook, and I. R. Price. 1998. Effects of sediment deposition on the seaweed Sargassum on a fringing coral reef. Coral Reefs 17:169-177. 1998 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment
Benzie, J. A. H., I. R. Price, and E. Ballment. 1997. Population genetics and taxonomy of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Phycology 33:491-504. 1997 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fleshy Macroalgae
Davis, A. R., D. E. Roberts, and S. P. Cummins. 1997. Rapid invasion of a sponge-dominated deep-reef by Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta) in Botany Bay, New South Wales. Austral Ecology 22:146-150. 1997 Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Sponges
Kendrick, G. A. and A. Brearley. 1997. Influence of Sargassum spp. attached to rhodoliths on sampling effort and demographic analyses of Sargassum spp. (Sargassaceae, Phaeophyta) attached to a reef. Botanica Marina 40:517-521. 1997 Australia Fleshy Macroalgae
Low, J. K. Y., C. B. Leng, and L. M. Chou. 1997. Pomacentrid population dynamics on Singapore coral reefs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:53-66. 1997 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate; Turf Algae
McCook, L. J. 1997. Effects of herbivory on zonation of Sargassum spp. within fringing reefs of the central Great Barrier Reef. Marine Biology 129:713-722. 1997 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Pillmann, A., G. W. Woolcott, J. L. Olsen, W. T. Stam, and R. J. King. 1997. Inter- and intraspecific genetic variation in Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) based on nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. European Journal of Phycology 32:379-386. 1997 Australia; South Africa Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves
Ribera, G., M. Coloreu, C. Rodriguez-Prieto, and E. Ballesteros. 1997. Phytobenthic assemblages of Addaia Bay (Menorca, western Mediterranean): Composition and distribution. Botanica Marina 40:523-532. 1997 Algae; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fleshy Macroalgae; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Rogers, R. W. 1997. Brown algae on Heron reef flat, great barrier reef, Australia: Spatial, seasonal and secular variation in cover. Botanica Marina 40:113-117. 1997 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Storms & Hurricanes
Schaffelke, B. and D. W. Klumpp. 1997. Biomass and productivity of tropical macroalgae on three nearshore fringing reefs in the Central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Botanica Marina 40:373-383. 1997 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Franklin, L. A., G. G. R. Seaton, C. E. Lovelock, and A. W. D. Larkum. 1996. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis on a coral reef. Plant, Cell and Environment 19:825-836. 1996 Australia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Primary Production
Gleason, M. G. 1996. Coral recruitment in Moorea, French Polynesia: The importance of patch type and temporal variation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 207:79-101. 1996 Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Levin, P. S. and M. E. Hay. 1996. Responses of temperate reef fishes to alterations in algal structure and species composition. Marine Ecology Progress Series 134:37-47. 1996 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates
Mcclanahan, T. R., A. T. Kamukuru, N. A. Muthiga, M. Gilagabher Yebio, and D. Obura. 1996. Effect of sea urchin reductions on algae, coral, and fish populations. Conservation Biology 10:136-154. 1996 Kenya Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
McCook, L. J. 1996. Effects of herbivores and water quality on Sargassum distribution on the central Great Barrier Reef: Cross-shelf transplants. Marine Ecology Progress Series 139:179-192. 1996 Australia Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rogers, R. W. 1996. Spatial, seasonal and secular patterns in the cover of green algae on Heron reef flat, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Botanica Marina 39:415-419. 1996 Australia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Shulman, M. J. and D. R. Robertson. 1996. Changes in the coral reefs of San Bias, Caribbean Panama: 1983 to 1990. Coral Reefs 15:231-236. 1996 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral
Stachowicz, J. J. and M. E. Hay. 1996. Facultative mutualism between an herbivorous crab and a coralline alga: Advantages of eating noxious seaweeds. Oecologia 105:377-387. 1996 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Walters, L. J., M. G. Hadfield, and C. M. Smith. 1996. Waterborne chemical compounds in tropical macroalgae: Positive and negative cues for larval settlement. Marine Biology 126:383-393. 1996 Algae; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Marine Worms
Arlt, G. 1995. Composition and seasonal variations in the tropical shallow subtidal meiofauna of a coral reef lagoon near Massawa (Red Sea, Eritrea). Pages 101-106 in Biology and ecology of shallow coastal waters. Proc. 28th European marine biology symposium, Iraklio, Crete, 1993. 1995 Europe Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Worms; Sediment
Iryu, Y., T. Nakamori, S. Matsuda, and O. Abe. 1995. Distribution of marine organisms and its geological significance in the modern reef complex of the Ryukyu Islands. Sedimentary Geology 99:243-258. 1995 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Hughes, T. P. 1994. Catastrophes, Phase Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265:1547-1551. 1994 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Storms & Hurricanes
Martinsmith, K. M. 1994. Short-term dynamics of tropical macroalgal epifauna - Patterns and processes in recolonisation of Sargassum fissifolium). Marine Ecology Progress Series 110:177-186. 1994 Fleshy Macroalgae
Montaggioni, L. F., P. Cuet, and O. Naim. 1994. Effect of nutrient excess on a modern fringing reef (Reunion Island, western Indian Ocean). Geological implications. Pages 397-403 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Algae; Boring Sponges; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Salinity; Sponges
Ogden, J. C. and N. B. Ogden. 1994. The coral reefs of the San Blas Islands: revisited after 20 years. Pages 267-272 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral
Vuki, V. C. and I. R. Price. 1994. Seasonal changes in the Sargassum populations on a fringing coral reef, Magnetic Island, Great Barrier Reef region, Australia. Aquatic Botany 48:153-166. 1994 Australia Fleshy Macroalgae
Yoshimura, T., H. Yamakawa, and C. P. Norman. 1994. Comparison of hole and seaweed habitats of post-settled pueruli and early benthic juvenile lobsters Panulirus japonicus (Von Siebold, 1824). Crustaceana 66:356-365. 1994 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Jagtap, T. G. 1993. Studies on littoral and sublittoral macrophytes around the Mauritius coast. Atoll Research Bulletin 1993 Mauritius Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Naim, O. 1993. Seasonal responses of a fringing reef community to eutrophication (Reunion Island, western Indian Ocean). Marine Ecology Progress Series 99:137-151. 1993 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Duffy, J. E. and V. J. Paul. 1992. Prey nutritional quality and the effectiveness of chemical defenses against tropical reef fishes. Oecologia 90:333-339. 1992 Micronesia; Guam Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sponges
Kingsford, M. J. 1992. Drift algae and small fish in coastal waters of northeastern New Zealand. Marine Ecology Progress Series 80:41-55. 1992 Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zainal, A. J. M., D. H. Dalby, and I. S. Robinson. 1992. Monitoring marine ecological changes on the east coast of Bahrain by Landsat TM. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:795-808. 1992 Bahrain Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
de Nys, R., J. C. Coll, and I. R. Price. 1991. Chemically mediated interactions between the red alga Plocamium hamatum (Rhodophyta) and the octocoral Sinularia cruciata (Alcyonacea). Marine Biology 108:315-320. 1991 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Fleshy Macroalgae; Octocoral; Sponges
Done, T. J., P. K. Dayton, A. E. Dayton, and R. Steger. 1991. Regional and local variability in recovery of shallow coral communities: Moorea, French Polynesia and central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 9:183-192. 1991 Australia Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Small Herbivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and E. A. Titlyanov. 1991. Comparisons of N- and P-limited productivity between high granitic islands versus low carbonate atolls in the Seychelles Archipelago: a test of the relative-dominance paradigm. Coral Reefs 10:199-209. 1991 Seychelles Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Primary Production
Steinberg, P. D., K. Edyvane, R. de Nys, R. Birdsey, and I. A. van Altena. 1991. Lack of avoidance of phenolic-rich brown algae by tropical herbivorous fishes. Marine Biology 109:335-343. 1991 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish
Glenn, E. P., C. M. Smith, and M. S. Doty. 1990. Influence of antecedent water temperatures on standing crop of a Sargassum spp.-dominated reef flat in Hawaii. Marine Biology 105:323-328. 1990 US Pacific & Hawaii Fleshy Macroalgae
Hay, M. E., J. E. Duffy, and W. Fenical. 1990. Host-plant specialization decreases predation on a marine amphipod: an herbivore in plant's clothing. Ecology 71:733-743. 1990 Bivalves; Fleshy Macroalgae; Textiles & Apparel
Littler, M. M. and D. S. Littler. 1990. Productivity and nutrient relationships in psammophytic versus epilithic forms of Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta): comparisons based on a short-term physiological assay. Hydrobiologia 49-55. 1990 Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment
Ohno, M., S. Arai, and M. Watanabe. 1990. Seaweed succession on artificial reefs on different bottom substrata. Journal of Applied Phycology 2:327-332. 1990 Japan Algae; Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Bailey-Brock, J. H. 1989. Fouling community development on an artificial reef in Hawaiian waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:580-591. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sponges; Tunicates
Dix, G. R. 1989. High-energy, inner shelf carbonate facies along a tide-dominated non-rimmed margin, northwestern Australia. Marine Geology 89:347-362. 1989 Australia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment
Rountree, R. A. 1989. Association of fishes with fish aggregation devices: effects of structure size on fish abundance. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:960-972. 1989 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fleshy Macroalgae
Coen, L. D. 1988. Herbivory by Caribbean majid crabs: feeding ecology and plant susceptibility. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 122:257-276. 1988 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
De Ruyter van Steveninck, E. D., L. L. Van Mulekom, and A. M. Breeman. 1988. Growth inhibition of Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley by scleractinian corals. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 115:169-178. 1988 Antilles Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
De Ruyter van Steveninck, E.D., L.L. Van Mulekom, and A.M. Breeman. 1988. Growth inhibition of Lobophora variegata (Lamaroux) Womersly by scleractinian corals. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 115:169-78. 1988 Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Hallock, P. 1988. The role of nutrient availability in bioerosion: Consequences to carbonate buildups. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 63:275-291. 1988 Oman Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Hayashi, I. and H. Yamakawa. 1988. Population fluctuations of three sympatric species of Haliotis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in artificial habitats at Kominato, central Japan. Aquaculture 73:67-84. 1988 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan GIS & Maps Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs
Kilar, J. A. and J. N. Norris. 1988. Composition, export, and import of drift vegetation on a tropical, plant-dominated, fringing-reef platform (Caribbean Panama). Coral Reefs 7:93-103. 1988 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Model Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Morrison, D. 1988. Comparing fish and urchin grazing in shallow and deeper coral reef algal communities. Ecology 69:1367-1382. 1988 Jamaica Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Schiel, D. R. 1988. Algal interactions on shallow subtidal reefs in northern New Zealand: a review. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 22:481-489. 1988 Review Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Foster, S. A. 1987. The relative impacts of grazing by caribbean coral reef fishes and Diadema: effects of habitat and surge. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105:20-Jan. 1987 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hay, M. E., W. Fenical, and K. Gustafson. 1987. Chemical defense against diverse coral-reef herbivores. Ecology 68:1581-1591. 1987 Lab Study Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Lapointe, B. E., M. M. Littler, and D. S. Littler. 1987. A comparison of nutrient-limited productivity in macroalgae from a Caribbean barrier reef and from a mangrove ecosystem. Aquatic Botany 28:243-255. 1987 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and P. R. Taylor. 1987. Animal-plant defense associations: Effects on the distribution and abundance of tropical reef macrophytes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105:107-121. 1987 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Macintyre, I. G., R. R. Graus, P. N. Reinthal, M. M. Littler, and D. S. Littler. 1987. The Barrier Reef sediment apron: Tobacco Reef, Belize. Coral Reefs 6:12-Jan. 1987 South & Central America; Belize Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Liddell, W. D. and S. L. Ohlhorst. 1986. Changes in benthic community composition following the mass mortality of Diadema at Jamaica. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 95:271-278. 1986 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Boring Sponges; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Sponges; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler. 1986. Plant defense associations in the marine environment. Coral Reefs 5:63-71. 1986 South & Central America; Belize Model Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Heijs, F. M. L. 1985. The macroalgal component in monospecific seagrass beds from Papua New Guinea. Aquatic Botany 22:291-324. 1985 Papua New Guinea Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses
Lewis, S. M. 1985. Herbivory on coral reefs: algal susceptibility to herbivorous fishes. Oecologia 65:370-375. 1985 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, D. S. Littler, R. H. Sims, and J. N. Norris. 1985. The distribution, abundance and primary productivity of submerged macrophytes in a Belize barrier-reef mangrove system. Atoll Research Bulletin 1985 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Pichon, M. and J. Morrissey. 1985. (First measurements of metabolic parameters on the barrier reef ecosystem at Tulear, Madagascar). [Premieres mesures de bilan metabolique dans l'ecosysteme recifial de Tulear (Madagascar).]. Comptes Rendus des Seances - Academie des Sciences, Serie III 300:99-101. 1985 Madagascar Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment
Sheppard, C. R. C. 1985. Reefs and coral assemblages of Saudi Arabia: 2. Fringing reefs in the southern region, Jeddah to Jizan. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7:37-58. 1985 Saudi Arabia Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Mangroves; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Hay, M. E. 1984. Predictable spatial escapes from herbivory: how do these affect the evolution of herbivore resistance in tropical marine communities? Oecologia 64:396-407. 1984 South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
McCain, J. C., A. B. Tarr, K. E. Carpenter, and S. L. Coles. 1984. Marine ecology of Saudi Arabia: a survey of coral reefs and reef fishes in the northern area, Arabian Gulf, Saudia Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 6:102-126. 1984 Saudi Arabia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral
Untawale, A. G. and T. G. Jagtap. 1984. Marine macrophytes of minicoy (Lakshadweep) coral atoll of the Arabian Sea. Aquatic Botany 19:97-103. 1984 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Goldberg, W. M. 1983. Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas: a biologically impoverished, physically controlled environment. Atoll Research Bulletin 1983 Bahamas Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Octocoral; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Horstmann, U. 1983. Cultivation of the green alga, Caulerpa racemosa, in tropical waters and some aspects of its physiological ecology. Aquaculture 32:361-371. 1983 Philippines Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Salinity
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler. 1983. Algal resistance to herbivory on a Caribbean barrier reef. Coral Reefs 2:111-118. 1983 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Andrew, N. L. and J. H. Choat. 1982. The influence of predation and conspecific adults on the abundance of juvenile Evechinus chloroticus (Echinoidea:Echinometridae). Oecologia 54:80-87. 1982 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates
Quinn, J. F. 1982. Competitive hierarchies in marine benthic communities. Oecologia 54:129-135. 1982 Model Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae
Morrissey, J. 1980. Community structure and zonation of microalgae and hermatypic corals on a fringing reef flat of magnetic island (Queensland, Australia). Aquatic Botany 8:91-139. 1980 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Van den Hoek, C., A. M. Breeman, R. P. M. Bak, and G. Van Buurt. 1978. The distribution of algae, corals and gorgonians in relation to depth, light attenuation, water movement and grazing pressure in the fringing coral reef of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Aquatic Botany 5:Jan-46. 1978 Antilles Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate
Brawley, S. H. and W. H. Adey. 1977. Territorial behavior of threespot damselfish (Eupomacentrus planifrons) increases reef algal biomass and productivity. Environmental Biology of Fishes 2:45-51. 1977 Jamaica Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Capone, D. G., D. L. Taylor, and B. F. Taylor. 1977. Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) associated with macroalgae in a coral-reef community in the Bahamas. Marine Biology 40:29-32. 1977 Bahamas Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients
Connor, J. L. and W. H. Adey. 1977. The benthic algal composition, standing crop, and productivity of a caribbean algal ridge. 1977 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection
Wanders, J. B. W. 1977. The role of benthic algae in the shallow reef of Curacao (Netherlands Antilles) III: The significance of grazing. Aquatic Botany 3:357-390. 1977 Antilles Algae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Wanders, J. B. W. 1976. The role of benthic algae in the shallow reef of Curacao (Netherlands antilles) II: Primary productivity of the Sargassum beds on the north-east coast submarine plateau. Aquatic Botany 2:327-335. 1976 Antilles Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Restoration: Removal of Invasive Algae Benthic organisms on reefs maintain a delicate balance competing for space. In many areas, the competition between coral and algae has fallen out of balance due to confounding factors. Factors such as decreased herbivorous fish and invertebrates, and invasive algae species have allowed faster growing algae to take over many reefs, often growing into smothering mats that cover and kill coral. In Hawaii, there has been some success physically removing invasive algae such as Kappaphycus using underwater vacuums extended down from barges or volunteer events in shallower areas. The Nature Conservancy. 2010.Two Million Pounds of Invasive Algae Removed From Maunalua Bay.

(not cited)

Algae; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Coralline Algae; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Reef Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics

Jump to main content.