ReefLink Database

Calcareous Macroalgae
Calcareous macroalgae are large algae which deposit calcium carbonate to form skeletons.
CMap
CMap Description
Macroalgae and turf algae compete for space with coral, sponges, and other species. Excess nutrients may alter competitive interactions among algae and coral. Many fishes and invertebrates are key grazers, helping to maintain algae and prevent it from overgrowing coral. A number of algal species, including calcareous macroalgae and crustose coralline algae, deposit calcium carbonate during growth, and may contribute to reef structural strength. Crustose coralline algae may help facilitate recruitment of stony coral. Algae are primary producers, and provide some habitat and resources for marine fish and invertebrates, however often not to the same degree as coral reef habitat. As a result, overgrowth of coral reefs by algae will likely result in a loss of ecosystem goods and services. Many of the sectors which benefit from reef ecosystem services also contribute to algal overgrowth through pollution and overfishing. Monitoring, mapping, and scientific research can be used to track the distribution and abundance of algae, and to understand competitive interactions between coral, algae, and other species.Citations
Citation | Year | Study Location | Study Type | Database Topics |
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Blanco, FM; Alonso, LC; Sanson, GG; Amargos, FP. 2011. Influence of Diadema antillarum populations (Echinodermata: Diadematidae) on algal community structure in Jardines de la Reina, Cuba. Revista de Biologia Tropical 59:1149-1163. | 2011 | South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Ceccarelli, DM; Jones, GP; McCook, LJ. 2011. Interactions between herbivorous fish guilds and their influence on algal succession on a coastal coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399:60-67. | 2011 | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Collado-Vides, L; Mazzei, V; Thyberg, T; Lirman, D. 2011. Spatio-temporal patterns and nutrient status of macroalgae in a heavily managed region of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA. Botanica Marina 54:377-390. | 2011 | Florida | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Fricke, A; Titlyanova, TV; Nugues, MM; Bischof, K. 2011. Depth-related variation in epiphytic communities growing on the brown alga Lobophora variegata in a Caribbean coral reef. Coral Reefs 30:967-973. | 2011 | South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Turf Algae | |
Gischler, E. 2011. Sedimentary Facies Of Bora Bora, Darwin'S Type Barrier Reef (Society Islands, South Pacific): The Unexpected Occurrence Of Non-Skeletal Grains. Journal of Sedimentary Research 81:1-17. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; India; Cook Islands | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Haas, AF; Nelson, CE; Kelly, LW; Carlson, CA; Rohwer, F; Leichter, JJ; Wyatt, A; Smith, JE. 2011. Effects of Coral Reef Benthic Primary Producers on Dissolved Organic Carbon and Microbial Activity. PLoS One 6. | 2011 | Australia; Cuba | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coralline Algae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Plankton; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Turf Algae | |
Hedouin, L; Metian, M; Gates, RD. 2011. Ecotoxicological approach for assessing the contamination of a Hawaiian coral reef ecosystem (Honolua Bay, Maui) by metals and a metalloid. Marine Environmental Research 71:149-161. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Larkum, AWD; Salih, A; Kuhl, M. 2011. Rapid Mass Movement of Chloroplasts during Segment Formation of the Calcifying Siphonalean Green Alga, Halimeda macroloba. PLoS One 6. | 2011 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Primary Production; Sediment | ||
Perry, C. T., P. S. Kench, S. G. Smithers, B. Riegl, H. Yamano, and M. J. O'Leary. 2011. Implications of reef ecosystem change for the stability and maintenance of coral reef islands. Global Change Biology | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Review | Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Sediment; Skeletal Coral |
Price, NN; Hamilton, SL; Tootell, JS; Smith, JE. 2011. Species-specific consequences of ocean acidification for the calcareous tropical green algae Halimeda. Marine Ecology Progress Series 440:67-78. | 2011 | Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Palmyra Atoll | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Ries, JB. 2011. A physicochemical framework for interpreting the biological calcification response to CO(2)-induced ocean acidification. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75:4053-4064. | 2011 | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral | |
Schlagintweit, F. 2011. A false aciculariacean alga and its origin: an example from the Late Jurassic of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. Facies 57:267-273. | 2011 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Sinutok, S; Hill, R; Doblin, MA; Wuhrer, R; Ralph, PJ. 2011. Warmer more acidic conditions cause decreased productivity and calcification in subtropical coral reef sediment-dwelling calcifiers. Limnology and Oceanography 56:1200-1212. | 2011 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral | ||
Stokes, MD; Leichter, JJ; Wing, S; Frew, R. 2011. Temperature variability and algal isotopic heterogeneity on a Floridian coral reef. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 32:364-379. | 2011 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Salinity |
van Tussenbroek, BI; Santos, MGB. 2011. Demography of Halimeda incrassata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in a Caribbean reef lagoon. Marine Biology 158:1461-1471. | 2011 | South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Haas, A. F. and C. Wild. 2010. Composition analysis of organic matter released by cosmopolitan coral reef-associated green algae. Aquatic Biology 10:131-138. | 2010 | Cuba | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients | |
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2010. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164:513-531. | 2010 | Remote Sensing | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2010. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on algal community development: Artificial mini-reefs on the Belize Barrier Reef sedimentary lagoon. Harmful Algae 9:255-263. | 2010 | South & Central America; Belize | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral | |
Stanley, S. M., J. B. Ries, and L. A. Hardie. 2010. Increased Production Of Calcite And Slower Growth For The Major Sediment-Producing Alga Halimeda As The Mg/Ca Ratio Of Seawater Is Lowered To A "Calcite Sea" Level. Journal of Sedimentary Research 80:6-16. | 2010 | Lab Study | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment | |
Tribollet, A. D., T. Schils, and P. S. Vroom. 2010. Spatio-temporal variability in macroalgal assemblages of American Samoa. Phycologia 49:574-591. | 2010 | Samoa; American Samoa | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Turf Algae |
Wienberg, C., H. Westphal, E. Kwoll, and D. Hebbeln. 2010. An isolated carbonate knoll in the Timor Sea (Sahul Shelf, NW Australia): facies zonation and sediment composition. Facies 56:179-193. | 2010 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Echinoderms; Octocoral; Sediment; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Wilson, B. 2010. Effect Of Hurricanes On Guilds Of Nearshore Epiphytal Foraminifera, Nevis, West Indies. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 40:327-343. | 2010 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate |
Yniguez, A. T., J. W. McManus, and L. Collado-Vides. 2010. Capturing the dynamics in benthic structures: environmental effects on morphology in the macroalgal genera Halimeda and Dictyota. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:17-U40. | 2010 | Florida | Model; Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients |
Batista, J. B., R. M. V. Leonel, and M. A. J. Costa. 2009. Population characteristics of Microphrys bicornutus (Brachyura, Mithracidae) on the phytal Halimeda opuntia (Chlorophyta, Halimedaceae), on reef area submitted to human visitation, in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Iheringia Serie Zoologia 99:44-52. | 2009 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Salinity; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling | ||
Braga, J. C., A. Vescogni, F. R. Bosellini, and J. Aguirre. 2009. Coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in western and central Mediterranean Messinian reefs. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 275:113-128. | 2009 | Global; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India; Spain | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae | |
Dikou, A., C. Ackerman, C. Banks, A. Dempsey, M. Fox, M. Gins, P. Hester, A. Parnes, S. Roach, J. Rohde, C. Spital, M. Tapleshay, and L. Thomas. 2009. Ecological assessment to detect imminent change in coral reefs of Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park, Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 30:425-436. | 2009 | South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Caribbean | Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae |
Furman, B. and K. L. Heck. 2009. Differential Impacts Of Echinoid Grazers On Coral Recruitment. Bulletin of Marine Science 85:121-132. | 2009 | South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins |
Hanelt, D. and M. Y. Roleda. 2009. UVB radiation may ameliorate photoinhibition in specific shallow-water tropical marine macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 91:12-Jun. | 2009 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses | |
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2009. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 19-Jan. | 2009 | Remote Sensing | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Lowry, J. K. and L. E. Hughes. 2009. Iciliidae. Zootaxa 453-457. | 2009 | Australia | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
N'Yeurt, A. D. R. and C. E. Payri. 2009. Four new species of Rhodophyceae from Fiji, Polynesia and Vanuatu, South Pacific. Phycological Research 57:12-24. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Vanuatu; Fiji; Cook Islands | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
N'Yeurt, A. D. R. and C. E. Payri. 2009. Four new species of Rhodophyceae from Fiji, Polynesia and Vanuatu, South Pacific. Phycological Research 57:24-Dec. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Vanuatu; Fiji; Cook Islands | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Ries, J. B. 2009. Effects of secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca ratio (calcite-aragonite seas) on CaCO3 sediment production by the calcareous algae Halimeda, Penicillus and Udotea- evidence from recent experiments and the geological record. Terra Nova 21:323-339. | 2009 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment | ||
Cabioch, G., L. Montaggioni, N. Frank, C. Seard, E. Salle, C. Payri, B. Pelletier, and M. Paterne. 2008. Successive reef depositional events along the Marquesas foreslopes (French Polynesia) since 26 ka. Marine Geology 254:18-34. | 2008 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment | ||
Calhoun, R. S. and M. E. Field. 2008. Sand composition and transport history on a fringing coral reef, Molokai, Hawaii. Journal of Coastal Research 24:1151-1160. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Sediment | |
Cherbadgy, I. I. and L. N. Propp. 2008. Photosynthesis and respiration of a deep-water periphyton community (Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea). Russian Journal of Marine Biology 34:301-308. | 2008 | China | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Light; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Primary Production; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Substrate |
Guinotte, J. M. and V. J. Fabry. 2008. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:320-342. | 2008 | Review | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses | |
Hamad, M. M. 2008. Coralline red algae from the Early Pliocene Shagra formation of Wadi Wizer, Red Sea coast, Egypt, and their implications in biostratigraphy and paleoecology. International Journal on Algae 10:179-208. | 2008 | Egypt | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sediment | |
Mateo-Cid, L. E., R. Aguilar-Rosas, A. C. Mendoza-Gonzalez, and L. E. Aguilar-Rosas. 2008. Distribution and morphological variation of Amphiroa beauvoisii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in Mexico [Distribucion y variacion morfologica de Amphiroa beauvoisii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) en Mexico]. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 79:22-Jul. | 2008 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Mexico | Review | Calcareous Macroalgae |
Porto, I., C. Granados, J. C. Restrepo, and J. A. Sanchez. 2008. Macroalgal-associated dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Symbiodinium in caribbean reefs. PLoS One 3. | 2008 | Global; South & Central America; Caribbean | Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish | |
Sirelkhatim, D. A., A. K. Sam, and R. K. Hassona. 2008. Distribution of 226Ra-210Pb-210Po in marine biota and surface sediments of the Red Sea, Sudan. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 99:1825-1828. | 2008 | Sudan | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Tsuda, R. T., P. S. Vroom, I. A. Abbott, J. R. Fisher, and K. B. Foster. 2008. Additional marine benthic algae from Howland and Baker Islands, Central Pacific. Pacific Science 62:271-290. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Baker Island; Howland Island | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Van Tussenbroek, B. I., M. G. Barba Santos, J. K. Van Dijk, S. N. M. Sanabria Alcaraz, and M. L. Tellez Calderon. 2008. Selective elimination of rooted plants from a tropical seagrass bed in a back-reef lagoon: A hypothesis tested by Hurricane Wilma (2005). Journal of Coastal Research 24:278-281. | 2008 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Vescogni, A., F. R. Bosellini, M. Reuter, and T. C. Brachert. 2008. Vermetid reefs and their use as palaeobathymetric markers: New insights from the Late Miocene of the Mediterranean (Southern Italy, Crete). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 267:89-101. | 2008 | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Sediment; Snails & Conch | |
Williams, E. A., A. Craigie, A. Yeates, and S. M. Degnan. 2008. Articulated coralline algae of the genus Amphiroa are highly effective natural inducers of settlement in the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina. Biological Bulletin 215:98-107. | 2008 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Plankton |
Yniguez, A. T., J. W. McManus, and D. L. DeAngelis. 2008. Allowing macroalgae growth forms to emerge: Use of an agent-based model to understand the growth and spread of macroalgae in Florida coral reefs, with emphasis on Halimeda tuna. Ecological Modelling 216:60-74. | 2008 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients |
Dragastan, O. N. and H.-G. Herbig. 2007. Halimeda (green siphonous algae) from the Paleogene of (Morocco) - Taxonomy, phylogeny and paleoenvironment. Micropaleontology 53:Jan-72. | 2007 | Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Substrate | |
Enpu, G., E. Samankassou, G. Changqing, Z. Yongli, and S. Baoliang. 2007. Paleoecology of Pennsylvanian phylloid algal buildups in south Guizhou, China. Facies 53:615-623. | 2007 | Australia; Bahamas; China; Java | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients | |
Hart, D. E. and P. S. Kench. 2007. Carbonate production of an emergent reef platform, Warraber Island, Torres Strait, Australia. Coral Reefs 26:53-68. | 2007 | Global; Australia | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Sediment |
Hauser, I., W. Oschmann, and E. Gischler. 2007. Modern bivalve shell assemblages on three atolls offshore Belize (Central America, Caribbean Sea). Facies 53:451-478. | 2007 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment | |
Kahng, S. E. and C. D. Kelley. 2007. Vertical zonation of megabenthic taxa on a deep photosynthetic reef (50-140 m) in the Au'au Channel, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 26:679-687. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Invasive Species; Octocoral | |
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, B. L. Brooks, and B. E. Lapointe. 2007. Unusual linear arrays of the coral reef macrophyte Halimeda incrassata in the Bahamas. Coral Reefs 26:817-818. | 2007 | Bahamas | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Mantyka, C. S. and D. R. Bellwood. 2007. Macroalgal grazing selectivity among herbivorous coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 352:177-185. | 2007 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish | ||
Nordemar, I., G. L. Sjoo, E. Mork, and T. R. McClanahan. 2007. Effects of estimated herbivory on the reproductive potential of four East African algal species - A mechanism behind ecosystem shifts on coral reefs? Hydrobiologia 575:57-68. | 2007 | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins | |
Preat, A., S. Blockmans, L. Capette, V. Dumoulin, and B. Mamet. 2007. Microfacies of a biohermal lens at the Eifelian. Givetian transition ('Fondry des Chiens', Nismes, southern border of the Dinant Synclinorium) [Microfacies d'une lentille biohermale a la limite Eifelien/Givetien ('Fondry des Chiens', Nismes, bord sud du S. Geologica Belgica 10:25-Mar. | 2007 | Model | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Rachello-Dolmen, P. G. and D. F. R. Cleary. 2007. Relating coral species traits to environmental conditions in the Jakarta Bay/Pulau Seribu reef system, Indonesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:816-826. | 2007 | Indonesia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Octocoral; Salinity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges | |
Rees, S. A., B. N. Opdyke, P. A. Wilson, and T. J. Henstock. 2007. Significance of Halimeda bioherms to the global carbonate budget based on a geological sediment budget for the Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 26:177-188. | 2007 | Global; Australia | Model | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Sediment |
Sanchez-almazo, I. M., J. C. Braga, J. Dinares-turell, J. M. Martin, and B. Spiro. 2007. Palaeoceanographic controls on reef deposition: The Messinian Cariatiz reef (Sorbas Basin, Almeria, SE Spain). Sedimentology 54:637-660. | 2007 | Spain | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Takayanagi, H., Y. Iryu, T. Yamada, M. Oda, K. Yamamoto, T. Sato, S. Chiyonobu, A. Nishimura, T. Nakazawa, and S. Shiokawa. 2007. Carbonate deposits on submerged seamounts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Island Arc 16:394-419. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Palau | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Plankton | |
Tribollet, A. D. and P. S. Vroom. 2007. Temporal and spatial comparison of the relative abundance of macroalgae across the Mariana Archipelago between 2003 and 2005. Phycologia 46:187-197. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Turf Algae |
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. and J. K. Van Dijk. 2007. Spatial and temporal variability in biomass and production of psammophytic Halimeda incrassata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in a Caribbean reef lagoon. Journal of Phycology 43:69-77. | 2007 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment | |
Verbruggen, H., D. S. Littler, and M. M. Littler. 2007. Halimeda pygmaea and Halimeda pumila (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta): Two new dwarf species from fore reef slopes in Fiji and the Bahamas. Phycologia 46:513-520. | 2007 | Bahamas; Fiji | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Wilson, B. 2007. Guilds among epiphytal foraminifera on fibrous substrates, Nevis, West Indies. Marine Micropaleontology 63:18-Jan. | 2007 | South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate | |
Anderson, K., L. Close, R. E. DeWreede, B. J. Lynch, C. Ormond, and M. Walker. 2006. Biomechanical properties and holdfast morphology of coenocytic algae (Halimedales, Chlorophyta) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 328:155-167. | 2006 | Panama | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Bosellini, F. R. 2006. Biotic changes and their control on Oligocene-Miocene reefs: A case study from the Apulia Platform margin (southern Italy). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241:393-409. | 2006 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Skeletal Coral; Substrate | ||
Calcinai, B., C. Cerrano, C. Totti, T. Romagnoli, and G. Bavestrello. 2006. Symbiosis of Mycale (Mycale) vansoesti sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae) with a coralline alga from North Sulawesi (Indonesia). Invertebrate Biology 125:195-204. | 2006 | Indonesia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges | |
Culter, J. K., K. B. Ritchie, S. A. Earle, D. E. Guggenheim, R. B. Halley, K. T. Ciembronowicz, A. C. Hine, B. D. Jarrett, S. D. Locker, and W. C. Jaap. 2006. Pulley reef: a deep photosynthetic coral reef on the West Florida Shelf, USA. Coral Reefs 25:228. | 2006 | Florida | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral | |
Fuentes, M. M. P. B., I. R. Lawler, and E. Gyuris. 2006. Dietary preferences of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) on a tropical reef flat. Wildlife Research 33:671-678. | 2006 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses | |
Gimenez Casalduero, F. and C. Muniain. 2006. Photosynthetic activity of the solar-powered lagoon mollusc Elysia timida (Risso, 1818) (Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa). Symbiosis 41:151-158. | 2006 | Model | Calcareous Macroalgae; Light; Molluscs; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae | |
Gischler, E. 2006. Sedimentation on Rasdhoo and Ari Atolls, Maldives, Indian ocean. Facies 52:341-360. | 2006 | Indian Ocean; Maldives; India | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Sediment | |
Herren, L. W., L. J. Walters, and K. S. Beach. 2006. Fragment generation, survival, and attachment of Dictyota spp. at Conch Reef in the Florida Keys, USA. Coral Reefs 25:287-295. | 2006 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae |
Hewins, M. R. and C. T. Perry. 2006. Bathymetric and environmentally influenced patterns of carbonate sediment accumulation in three contrasting reef settings, Danjugan Island, Philippines. Journal of Coastal Research 22:812-824. | 2006 | Philippines | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment |
Lambo, A. L. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2006. Continued post-bleaching decline and changed benthic community of a Kenyan coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:1617-1624. | 2006 | Global; Kenya | Calcareous Macroalgae; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Latypov, YU .Y A. 2006. Changes in the composition and structure of coral communities of Mju and Moon islands, Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 32:269-275. | 2006 | China | Index or Indicator | Calcareous Macroalgae; Stony Coral; Substrate |
Nugues, M. M. and A. M. Szmant. 2006. Coral settlement onto Halimeda opuntia: A fatal attraction to an ephemeral substrate? Coral Reefs 25:585-591. | 2006 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Substrate | |
Perry, C. T., K. G. Taylor, and P. G. Machent. 2006. Temporal shifts in reef lagoon sediment composition, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 67:133-144. | 2006 | Jamaica | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Molluscs; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Senowbari-Daryan, B., M. Link, and I. Isintek. 2006. Calcareous algae from the Triassic (Anisian reef boulders and Norian reef limestones) of Karaburun, western Turkey. Facies 52:129-148. | 2006 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Invertebrates | ||
Toller, W. 2006. An investigation of anchor damage to the Frederiksted Reef System: Impacts to substrate, benthic communities, and reef fish assemblages. Disivision of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Frederiksted, USVI. | 2006 | US Virgin Islands | Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps | Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate; Turf Algae |
van Assen, E., K. F. Kuiper, N. Barhoun, W. Krijgsman, and F. J. Sierro. 2006. Messinian astrochronology of the Melilla Basin: Stepwise restriction of the Mediterranean-Atlantic connection through Morocco. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 238:15-31. | 2006 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Vroom, P. S. and K. N. Page. 2006. Relative abundance of macroalgae (RAM) on Northwestern Hawaiian Island reefs. Atoll Research Bulletin 533-548. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii | GIS & Maps | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae |
Webster, J. M., D. A. Clague, J. C. Braga, H. Spalding, W. Renema, C. Kelley, B. Applegate, J. R. Smith, C. K. Paull, J. G. Moore, and D. Potts. 2006. Drowned coralline algal dominated deposits off Lanai, Hawaii; carbonate accretion and vertical tectonics over the last 30 ka. Marine Geology 225:223-246. | 2006 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Cruz-Palacios, V. and B. I. Van Tussenbroek. 2005. Simulation of hurricane-like disturbances on a Caribbean seagrass bed. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 324:44-60. | 2005 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Gerhard, L. C. and T. A. Cross. 2005. Measurements of the generation and distribution of carbonate sediments of Buck Island channel, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands, with observations about sediments in fringing lagoons. Atoll Research Bulletin 157-176. | 2005 | US Virgin Islands | Lab Study | Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Kundal, P. and A. P. Dharashivkar. 2005. Record of rhodoliths from Aramda Reef Member (Late Pleistocene to Holocene) of Chaya Formation, Dwarka-Okha area, Gujarat and their paleoenvironmental significance. Current Science 88:1684-1689. | 2005 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae | ||
Michel, J., S. Zengel, L. Cotsapas, J. Dahlin, and J. Hoff. 2005. Scaling of injury to reef flat habitats resulting from removal actions of grounded vessels in Pago Pago, American Samoa. Pages 7487-7494 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. | 2005 | Samoa; American Samoa | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Coastal Defense; Petroleum Spills; Sediment |
Montaggioni, L. F. 2005. History of Indo-Pacific coral reef systems since the last glaciation: Development patterns and controlling factors. Earth-Science Reviews 71:Jan-75. | 2005 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Schlagintweit, F. 2005. Consinocodium japonicum ENDO, 1961 from the Upper Jurassic of the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria: Not a siphonous green alga, but a coralline sponge. Revue de Paleobiologie 24:533-540. | 2005 | Japan | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sponges | |
Wright, J. T., S. A. Dworjanyn, C. N. Rogers, P. D. Steinberg, J. E. Williamson, and A. G. B. Poore. 2005. Density-dependent sea urchin grazing: Differential removal of species, changes in community composition and alternative community states. Marine Ecology Progress Series 298:143-156. | 2005 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sea Urchins | |
Chittaro, P. M. 2004. Fish-habitat associations across multiple spatial scales. Coral Reefs 23:235-244. | 2004 | US Virgin Islands | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses | |
Collen, J. D. and D. W. Garton. 2004. Larger foraminifera and sedimentation around Fongafale Island, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu. Coral Reefs 23:445-454. | 2004 | Tuvalu | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Molluscs; Sediment | |
Fourqurean, J. W. and L. M. Rutten. 2004. The impact of Hurricane Georges on soft-bottom, back reef communities: site- and species-specific effects in south Florida seagrass beds. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:239-257. | 2004 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes |
Hampton, M. A., C. T. Blay, and C. J. Murray. 2004. Carbonate sediment deposits on the reef front around Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 22:65-102. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Lab Study; GIS & Maps | Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Kennedy, D. M. and C. D. Woodroffe. 2004. Carbonate sediments of Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs close to the southern limits of reef growth in the southwest Pacific. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 51:847-857. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sediment | |
Mumby, P. J., J. D. Hedley, J. R. M. Chisholm, C. D. Clark, H. Ripley, and J. Jaubert. 2004. The cover of living and dead corals from airborne remote sensing. Coral Reefs 23:171-183. | 2004 | Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate | |
Nugues, M. M., G. W. Smith, R. J. Van Hooidonk, M. I. Seabra, and R. P. M. Bak. 2004. Algal contact as a trigger for coral disease. Ecology Letters 7:919-923. | 2004 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Pathogens; Stony Coral | |
Nugues, M. M., L. Delvoye, and R. P. M. Bak. 2004. Coral defence against macroalgae: Differential effects of mesenterial filaments on the green alga Halimeda opuntia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 278:103-114. | 2004 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral |
Payri, C. E. and G. Cabioch. 2004. The systematics and significance of coralline red algae in the rhodolith sequence of the Amedee 4 drill core (Southwest New Caledonia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 204:187-208. | 2004 | Australia; New Caledonia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Smith, J. E., C. M. Smith, P. S. Vroom, K. L. Beach, and S. Miller. 2004. Nutrient and growth dynamics of Halimeda tuna on Conch Reef, Florida Keys: Possible influence of internal tides on nutrient status and physiology. Limnology and Oceanography 49:1923-1936. | 2004 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Light; Nutrients |
Tsai, C.-C., S.-L. Wong, J.-S. Chang, R.-L. Hwang, C.-F. Dai, Y.-C. Yu, Y.-T. Shyu, F. Sheu, and T.-M. Lee. 2004. Macroalgal assemblage structure on a coral reef in Nanwan Bay in southern Taiwan. Botanica Marina 47:439-453. | 2004 | Taiwan | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae | |
Webster, J. M., L. Wallace, E. Silver, D. Potts, J. C. Braga, W. Renema, K. Riker-Coleman, and C. Gallup. 2004. Coralgal composition of drowned carbonate platforms in the Huon Gulf, Papua New Guinea; Implications for lowstand reef development and drowning. Marine Geology 204:59-89. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Papua New Guinea | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Aguilera-Franco, N. 2003. Cenomanian - Coniacian zonation (foraminifers and calcareous algae) in the Guerrero - Morelos basin, southern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas 20:202-222. | 2003 | South & Central America; Oman; Mexico | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Echinoderms | |
Beach, K., L. Walters, H. Borgeas, C. Smith, J. Coyer, and P. Vroom. 2003. The impact of Dictyota spp. on Halimeda populations of Conch Reef, Florida Keys. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 297:141-159. | 2003 | Florida | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Octocoral; Primary Production; Sponges; Stony Coral | |
Beach, K., L. Walters, P. Vroom, C. Smith, J. Coyer, and C. Hunter. 2003. Variability in the ecophysiology of Halimeda spp. (Chlorophyta, bryopsidales) on Conch Reef, Florida Keys, USA. Journal of Phycology 39:633-643. | 2003 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production |
De Paula, A. F., M. A. D. O. Figueiredo, and J. C. Creed. 2003. Structure of the macroalgal community associated with the seagrass Halodule wrightii Ascherson in the Abrolhos Marine National Park, Brazil. Botanica Marina 46:413-424. | 2003 | Cuba | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral | |
Gischler, E. 2003. Holocene lagoonal development in the isolated carbonate platforms off Belize. Sedimentary Geology 159:113-132. | 2003 | South & Central America; Belize | Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Harney, J. N. and C. H. Fletcher III. 2003. A budget of carbonate framework and sediment production, Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Journal of Sedimentary Research 73:856-868. | 2003 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Substrate |
Kennedy, D. M. 2003. Surface lagoonal sediments on Lord Howe Island, Tasman Sea. Journal of Coastal Research 19:57-63. | 2003 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Sediment | ||
Langdon, C., W. S. Broecker, D. E. Hammond, E. Glenn, K. Fitzsimmons, S. G. Nelson, T.-H. Peng, I. Hajdas, and G. Bonani. 2003. Effect of elevated CO2 on the community metabolism of an experimental coral beef. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17:1-Nov. | 2003 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity | ||
Perry, C. T. 2003. Coral reefs in a high-latitude, siliciclastic barrier island setting: Reef framework and sediment production at Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique. Coral Reefs 22:485-497. | 2003 | Mozambique | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Schuster, F. 2003. Early Miocene corals and associated sediments of the northwestern Gulf of Suez, Egypt. CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 57-81. | 2003 | Global; Egypt; Iran | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Vroom, P. S., C. M. Smith, J. A. Coyer, L. J. Walters, C. L. Hunter, K. S. Beach, and J. E. Smith. 2003. Field biology of Halimeda tuna (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) across a depth gradient: Comparative growth, survivorship, recruitment, and reproduction. Hydrobiologia 501:149-166. | 2003 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients |
Bosellini, F. R., A. Russo, and A. Vescogni. 2002. The Messinian reef complex of the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy): Stratigraphy, facies and Paleoenvironmental interpretation. Facies 91-112. | 2002 | Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Bulleri, F., I. Bertocci, and F. Micheli. 2002. Interplay of encrusting coralline algae and sea urchins in maintaining alternative habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 243:101-109. | 2002 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sea Urchins | ||
Calhoun, R. S., C. H. Fletcher, and J. N. Harney. 2002. A budget of marine and terrigenous sediments, Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Sedimentary Geology 150:61-87. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Costa Jr., O. S., M. J. Attrill, A. G. Pedrini, and J. C. De-Paula. 2002. Spatial and seasonal distribution of seaweeds on coral reefs from southern Bahia, Brazil. Botanica Marina 45:346-355. | 2002 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Turf Algae | |
Forsythe, G. T. W., R. Wood, and J. A. D. Dickson. 2002. Mass spawning in Ancient reef communities: Evidence from Late Paleozoic phylloid algae. Palaios 17:615-621. | 2002 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Kennedy, D. M., C. D. Woodroffe, B. G. Jones, M. E. Dickson, and C. V. G. Phipps. 2002. Carbonate sedimentation on subtropical shelves around Lord Howe Island and Balls Pyramid, Southwest Pacific. Marine Geology 188:333-349. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Kooistra, W. H. C. F., E. G. G. Coppejans, and C. Payri. 2002. Molecular systematics, historical ecology, and phylogeography of Halimeda (Bryopsidales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 24:121-138. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Panama | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | |
McClanahan, T. R., B. A. Cokos, and E. Sala. 2002. Algal growth and species composition under experimental control of herbivory, phosphorus and coral abundance in Glovers Reef, Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:441-451. | 2002 | South & Central America; Belize | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral | |
McClanahan, T. R., J. N. Uku, and H. Machano. 2002. Effect of macroalgal reduction on coral-reef fish in the Watamu Marine National Park, Kenya. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:223-231. | 2002 | Kenya | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Walter, D. J., D. N. Lambert, and D. C. Young. 2002. Sediment facies determination using acoustic techniques in a shallow-water carbonate environment, Dry Tortugas, Florida. Marine Geology 182:161-177. | 2002 | Florida | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment |
Walters, L. J., C. M. Smith, J. A. Coyer, C. L. Hunter, K. S. Beach, and P. S. Vroom. 2002. Asexual propagation in the coral reef macroalga Halimeda (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales): Production, dispersal and attachment of small fragments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 278:47-65. | 2002 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Sediment |
Aponte, N. E. and D. L. Ballantine. 2001. Depth distribution of algal species on the deep insular fore reef at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 48:2185-2194. | 2001 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae | |
Bosellini, F. R., A. Russo, and A. Vescogni. 2001. Messinian reef-building assemblages of the Salento Peninsula (southern Italy): Palaeobathymetric and palaeoclimatic significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:26-Jul. | 2001 | Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Broecker, W. S., C. Langdon, T. Takahashi, and T.-H. Peng. 2001. Factors controlling the rate of CaCO3 precipitation on Great Bahama Bank. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15:589-596. | 2001 | Bahamas | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Salinity; Sediment | |
Fong, P., K. Kamer, K. E. Boyer, and K. A. Boyle. 2001. Nutrient content of macroalgae with differing morphologies may indicate sources of nutrients for tropical marine systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 220:137-152. | 2001 | Puerto Rico | Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment |
Hillis, L. W. 2001. The calcareous reef alga Halimeda (Chlorophyta, Byropsidales): A cretaceous genus that diversified in the cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 166:89-100. | 2001 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Panama | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Kuffner, I. B. and V. J. Paul. 2001. Effects of nitrate, phosphate and iron on the growth of macroalgae and benthic cyanobacteria from cocos lagoon, guam. Marine Ecology Progress Series 222:63-72. | 2001 | Guam | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Substrate | |
Lirman, D. 2001. Competition between macroalgae and corals: Effects of herbivore exclusion and increased algal biomass on coral survivorship and growth. Coral Reefs 19:392-399. | 2001 | Florida | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral | |
MacKinnon, L. and B. Jones. 2001. Sedimentological evolution of north sound, grand cayman-a freshwater to marine carbonate succession driven by holocene sea-level rise. Journal of Sedimentary Research 71:568-580. | 2001 | South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean | Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Millar, A. J. K. and G. T. Kraft. 2001. Monograph of the green macroalgal genus Rhipilia (Udoteaceae, Halimedales), with a description of R. crassa sp. nov. from Australia and the Philippines. Phycologia 40:21-34. | 2001 | Australia; Philippines | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Montgomery, P., M. R. Farr, E. K. Franseen, and R. H. Goldstein. 2001. Constraining controls on carbonate sequences with high-resolution chronostratigraphy: Upper Miocene, Cabo de Gata region, SE Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 176:Nov-45. | 2001 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Spain | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Nutrients |
Sanchez-Almazo, I. M., B. Spiro, J. C. Braga, and J. M. Martin. 2001. Constraints of stable isotope signatures on the depositional palaeoenvironments of upper Miocene reef and temperate carbonates in the Sorbas Basin, SE Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:153-172. | 2001 | Spain | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Small, A. M. and W. H. Adey. 2001. Reef corals, zooxanthellae and free-living algae: A microcosm study that demonstrates synergy between calcification and primary production. Ecological Engineering 16:443-457. | 2001 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae | ||
Solandt, J.-L. and A. C. Campbell. 2001. Macroalgal feeding characteristics of the sea urchin diadema Antillarum Philippi at discovery bay, Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 37:227-238. | 2001 | South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean | Lab Study | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins |
Airoldi, L. 2000. Responses of algae with different life histories to temporal and spatial variability of disturbance in subtidal reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 195:81-92. | 2000 | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae | |
Bassi, D. and J. H. Nebelsick. 2000. Calcareous algae from the Lower Oligocene Gornji Grad beds of northern Slovenia. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 106:99-122. | 2000 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Best, M. M. R. and S. M. Kidwell. 2000. Bivalve taphonomy in tropical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate settings. I. Environmental variation in shell condition. Paleobiology 26:80-102. | 2000 | South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean | Calcareous Macroalgae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment | |
Best, M. M. R. and S. M. Kidwell. 2000. Bivalve taphonomy in tropical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate settings. II. Effect of bivalve life habits and shell types. Paleobiology 26:103-115. | 2000 | South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Substrate | |
Calhoun, R. S. and M. E. Field. 2000. Beach and reef-flat sediments along the south shore of Molokai, Hawaii. Pages 163-171 in Carbonate Beaches 2000. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Harney, J. N., E. E. Grossman, B. M. Richmond, and C. H. Fletcher III. 2000. Age and composition of carbonate shoreface sediments, Kailua Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 19:141-154. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Hochberg, E. J. and M. J. Atkinson. 2000. Spectral discrimination of coral reef benthic communities. Coral Reefs 19:164-171. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral |
Lidz, B. H. and P. Hallock. 2000. Sedimentary petrology of a declining reef ecosystem, Florida reef tract (U.S.A.). Journal of Coastal Research 16:675-697. | 2000 | Florida | Model; Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Nutrients; Pathogens; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes |
Lirman, D. and P. Biber. 2000. Seasonal dynamics of macroalgal communities of the Northern Florida Reef Tract. Botanica Marina 43:305-314. | 2000 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish |
Mitchell, S., S. Khan, R. Maharaj, and E. Robinson. 2000. Carbonate beach sediment composition at a tourist beach, Negril, Jamaica. Pages 204-217 in Carbonate Beaches 2000. | 2000 | Jamaica | Algae; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation | |
Overholtzer, K. L. and P. J. Motta. 2000. Effects of mixed-species foraging groups on the feeding and aggression of juvenile parrotfishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 58:345-354. | 2000 | Florida | Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Payri, C. E. 2000. Primary production and calcification of coral reef benthic algae [Production primaire et calcification des algues benthiques en milieu corallien]. Oceanis 26:427-463. | 2000 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Zooxanthellae | ||
Perry, C. T. 2000. Factors controlling sediment preservation on a north Jamaican fringing reef: A process-based approach to microfacies analysis. Journal of Sedimentary Research 70:633-648. | 2000 | Jamaica | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Poulicek, M., J.-C. Bussers, and P. Vandewalle. 2000. Functional analysis of bacterial populations associated with Scleractinians [Analyse fonctionnelle des peuplements bacteriens associes aux Scleractiniaires]. Oceanis 26:351-388. | 2000 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate | |
Roger, S., P. Munch, J. J. Cornee, J. P. Saint Martin, G. Feraud, S. Pestrea, G. Conesa, and A. Ben Moussa. 2000. 40Ar/39Ar dating of the pre-evaporitic Messinian marine sequences of the Melilla basin (Morocco): A proposal for some biosedimentary events as isochrons around the Alboran Sea. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 179:101-113. | 2000 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Stony Coral | ||
Rossier, O. and M. Kulbicki. 2000. A comparison of fish assemblages from two types of algal beds and coral reefs in the south-west lagoon of New Caledonia. Cybium 24:26-Mar. | 2000 | New Caledonia | Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Yamano, H., T. Miyajima, and I. Koike. 2000. Importance of foraminifera for the formation and maintenance of a coral sand cay: Green Island, Australia. Coral Reefs 19:51-58. | 2000 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Arthurton, R. S., A. H. Brampton, C. Z. Kaaya, and S. K. Mohamed. 1999. Late quaternary coastal stratigraphy on a platform-fringed tropical coast - A case study from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Journal of Coastal Research 15:635-644. | 1999 | Tanzania | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Bhosale, S. H., T. G. Jagtap, and C. G. Naik. 1999. Antifungal activity of some marine organisms from India, against food spoilage Aspergillus strains. Mycopathologia 147:133-138. | 1999 | India | Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Octocoral; Sponges | |
Clifton, K. E. and L. M. Clifton. 1999. The phenology of sexual reproduction by green algae (Bryopsidales) on Caribbean coral reefs. Journal of Phycology 35:24-34. | 1999 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Substrate |
Gischler, E. and A. J. Lomando. 1999. Recent sedimentary facies of isolated carbonate platforms, belize-yucatan system Central America. Journal of Sedimentary Research 69:747-763. | 1999 | South & Central America; Belize; Mexico | GIS & Maps | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Iryu, Y. and T. Yamada. 1999. Biogeochemical contrasts between mid-Cretaceous carbonate platforms and Cenozoic reefs. Island Arc 8:475-490. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Sediment | |
James, N. P., L. B. Collins, Y. Bone, and P. Hallock. 1999. Subtropical carbonates in a temperate realm: Modern sediments on the southwest australian shelf. Journal of Sedimentary Research 69:1297-1321. | 1999 | Global; Australia; Indian Ocean; India | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges | |
Kendrick, G. A., P. S. Lavery, and J. C. Phillips. 1999. Influence of Ecklonia radiata kelp canopy on structure of macro-algal assemblages in Marmion Lagoon, Western Australia. Hydrobiologia 275-283. | 1999 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae | |
Martin, J. M., J. C. Braga, and I. Sanchez-Almazo. 1999. The Messinian record of the outcropping marginal Alboran Basin deposits: Significance and implications. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 161:543-551. | 1999 | Spain | Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Plankton | |
Overholtzer, K. L. and P. J. Motta. 1999. Comparative resource use by juvenile parrotfishes in the Florida keys. Marine Ecology Progress Series 177:177-187. | 1999 | Florida | Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Sotka, E. E., M. E. Hay, and J. D. Thomas. 1999. Host-plant specialization by a non-herbivorous amphipod: Advantages for the amphipod and costs for the seaweed. Oecologia 118:471-482. | 1999 | South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Xu, H., F. Cai, Y. Wang, J. Gong, Y. Gou, P. Sun, B. Zhang, and L. Zhou. 1999. Evolution of Miocene organic reefs and functions of algae's reef-making in Xisha Islands. Chinese Science Bulletin 44:1996-2001. | 1999 | Global; China | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment |
Bassi, D. 1998. Coralline algal facies and their palaeoenvironments in the late Eocene of northern Italy (Calcare di Nago, Trento). Facies 179-202. | 1998 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Echinoderms; Substrate | ||
Collado-Vides, L., R. E. Dewreede, and K. L. D. Milligan. 1998. Biomechanical properties of Udotea (Halimedales, Chlorophyta) in a Mexican reef lagoon. Phycologia 37:443-449. | 1998 | Lab Study | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Hillis, L. W., J. A. Engman, and W. H. C. F. Kooistra. 1998. Morphological and molecular phylogenies of Halimeda (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales) identify three evolutionary lineages. Journal of Phycology 34:669-681. | 1998 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Perez-Lorenzo, S., A. Levy-Benshimol, and S. Gomez-Acevedo. 1998. Presence of lectins, tannins and protease inhibitors in Venezuelan marine algae [Presencia de lectinas, taninos e inhibidores de proteasas en algas marinas de las costas Venezolanas]. Acta Cientifica Venezolana 49:144-151. | 1998 | Venezuela | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Perry, C. T. 1998. Grain susceptibility to the effects of microboring: Implications for the preservation of skeletal carbonates. Sedimentology 45:39-51. | 1998 | Jamaica | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Stanley, S. M. and L. A. Hardie. 1998. Secular oscillations in the carbonate mineralogy of reef-building and sediment-producing organisms driven by tectonically forced shifts in seawater chemistry. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 144:19-Mar. | 1998 | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Plankton; Sediment; Sponges | |
Fabricius, K. E. 1997. Soft coral abundance on the central Great Barrier Reef: Effects of Acanthaster planci, space availability, and aspects of the physical environment. Coral Reefs 16:159-167. | 1997 | Australia | Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Octocoral; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates | |
Fornos, J. J. and W. M. Ahr. 1997. Temperate carbonates on a modern, low-energy, isolated ramp: The Balearic platform, Spain. Journal of Sedimentary Research 67:364-373. | 1997 | Europe; Spain | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Echinoderms; Sediment |
Gattuso, J.-P., C. E. Payri, M. Pichon, B. Delesalle, and M. Frankignoulle. 1997. Primary production, calcification, and air-sea CO2 fluxes of a macroalgal-dominated coral reef community (Moorea, French Polynesia). Journal of Phycology 33:729-738. | 1997 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Primary Production | ||
Haywick, D. W. and E. M. Mueller. 1997. Sediment retention in encrusting Palythoa spp. - A biological twist to a geological process. Coral Reefs 16:39-46. | 1997 | Florida | Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment | |
Kench, P. S. 1997. Contemporary sedimentation in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean: Interpretation using settling velocity analysis. Sedimentary Geology 114:109-130. | 1997 | Indian Ocean; India | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Martin, J. M., J. C. Braga, and R. Riding. 1997. Late Miocene Halimeda alga-microbial segment reefs in the marginal Mediterranean Sorbas Basin, Spain. Sedimentology 44:441-456. | 1997 | Spain | Calcareous Macroalgae; Marine Worms; Sediment | |
Oliva-Rivera, J. J. and A. De Jesus-Navarrete. 1997. Biomasa fitobentica en corrales de semicultivo del caracol rosado Strombus gigas, en Quintana Roo, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 45:791-796. | 1997 | South & Central America; Mexico | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Snails & Conch | |
Rao, V. P. and B. G. Wagle. 1997. Geomorphology and surficial geology of the western continental shelf and slope of India: A review. Current Science 73:330-350. | 1997 | Indian Ocean; India | Review; Index or Indicator | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Rodrigues, C. L., S. Caeiro, and S. V. Raikar. 1997. Marine macrophyte communities on the reef flat at Agatti atoll (Lakshadweep, India). Botanica Marina 40:557-568. | 1997 | India | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sea Urchins | |
Brachert, T. C., C. Betzler, J. C. Braga, and J. M. Martin. 1996. Record of climatic change in neritic carbonates: Turnover in biogenic associations and depositional modes (Late Miocene, southern Spain). International Journal of Earth Sciences 85:327-337. | 1996 | Global; Spain | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Braga, J. C., J. M. Martin, and R. Riding. 1996. Internal structure of segment reefs: Halimeda algal mounds in the Mediterranean Miocene. Geology 24:35-38. | 1996 | Spain | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Chevillon, C. 1996. Skeletal composition of modern lagoon sediments in New Caledonia: Coral, a minor constituent. Coral Reefs 15:199-207. | 1996 | New Caledonia | Algae; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Sediment | |
Delaney, M. L., L. J. Linn, and P. J. Davies. 1996. Trace and minor element ratios in Halimeda aragonite from the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 15:181-189. | 1996 | Australia | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment | |
Franklin, L. A., G. G. R. Seaton, C. E. Lovelock, and A. W. D. Larkum. 1996. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis on a coral reef. Plant, Cell and Environment 19:825-836. | 1996 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Primary Production | |
Harris, P. T., C. B. Pattiaratchi, J. B. Keene, R. W. Dalrymple, J. V. Gardner, E. K. Baker, A. R. Cole, D. Mitchell, P. Gibbs, and W. W. Schroeder. 1996. Late quaternary deltaic and carbonate sedimentation in the Gulf of Papua foreland basin: Response to sea-level change. Journal of Sedimentary Research 66:801-819. | 1996 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Discharges; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Perry, C. T. 1996. The rapid response of reef sediments to changes in community composition: Implications for time averaging and sediment accumulation. Journal of Sedimentary Research 66:459-467. | 1996 | Jamaica | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Rogers, R. W. 1996. Spatial, seasonal and secular patterns in the cover of green algae on Heron reef flat, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Botanica Marina 39:415-419. | 1996 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae | |
Shulman, M. J. and D. R. Robertson. 1996. Changes in the coral reefs of San Bias, Caribbean Panama: 1983 to 1990. Coral Reefs 15:231-236. | 1996 | South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Stachowicz, J. J. and M. E. Hay. 1996. Facultative mutualism between an herbivorous crab and a coralline alga: Advantages of eating noxious seaweeds. Oecologia 105:377-387. | 1996 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral | ||
Walters, L. J., M. G. Hadfield, and C. M. Smith. 1996. Waterborne chemical compounds in tropical macroalgae: Positive and negative cues for larval settlement. Marine Biology 126:383-393. | 1996 | Algae; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Marine Worms | ||
Freile, D., J. D. Milliman, and L. Hillis. 1995. Leeward bank margin halimeda meadows and draperies and their sedimentary importance on the western Great Bahama Bank slope. Coral Reefs 14:27-33. | 1995 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | ||
Iryu, Y., T. Nakamori, S. Matsuda, and O. Abe. 1995. Distribution of marine organisms and its geological significance in the modern reef complex of the Ryukyu Islands. Sedimentary Geology 99:243-258. | 1995 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral | ||
Kampfer, S. and J. Ott. 1995. Nutrition and feeding preferences in the Caribbean echinoid Clypeaster rosaceus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Pages 309-314 in Biology and ecology of shallow coastal waters. Proc. 28th European marine biology symposium, Iraklio, Crete, 1993. | 1995 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean; Europe | Calcareous Macroalgae; Echinoderms; Seagrasses | |
Kerr, J. N. and V. J. Paul. 1995. Animal-plant defense association: The soft coral Sinularia sp. (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea) protects Halimeda spp. from herbivory. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 186:183-205. | 1995 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Octocoral | ||
Maliva, R. G. 1995. Recurrent neomorphic and cement microtextures from different diagenetic environments, Quaternary to Late Neogene carbonates, Great Bahama bank. Sedimentary Geology 97:7-Jan. | 1995 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Nakamori, T., Y. Iryu, and T. Yamada. 1995. Development of coral reefs of the Ryukyu Islands (southwest Japan, East China Sea) during Pleistocene sea-level change. Sedimentary Geology 99:215-231. | 1995 | Japan; China | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Payri, C. E. 1995. Production carbonatee de quelques algues calcifiees sur un recif corallien de Polynesie francaise. Bulletin - Societe Geologique de France 166:77-84. | 1995 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | ||
Gischler, E. 1994. Sedimentation on three caribbean atolls: Glovers reef, lighthouse reef and turneffe Islands, belize. Facies 31:243-254. | 1994 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Sediment | |
Hovland, M., P. F. Croker, and M. Martin. 1994. Fault-associated seabed mounds (carbonate knolls?) off western Ireland and north-west Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 11:232-246. | 1994 | Australia | Calcareous Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Martin, JO SM . and J. C. Braga. 1994. Messinian events in the Sorbas Basin in southeastern Spain and their implications in the recent history of the Mediterranean. Sedimentary Geology 90:257-268. | 1994 | Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Spain | Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Smithers, S. G. 1994. Sediment facies of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands lagoon. Atoll Research Bulletin | 1994 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Sediment | ||
Brachert, T. C., C. Betzler, P. J. Davies, and D. A. Feary. 1993. Climatic change: control of carbonate platform development (Eocene- Miocene, Leg 133, northeastern Australia). Proc., scientific results, ODP, Leg 133, northeast Australian margin 291-300. | 1993 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Plankton; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Hallock, P. and M. W. Peebles. 1993. Foraminifera with chlorophyte endosymbionts: Habitats of six species in the Florida Keys. Marine Micropaleontology 20:277-292. | 1993 | Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral | |
Jagtap, T. G. 1993. Studies on littoral and sublittoral macrophytes around the Mauritius coast. Atoll Research Bulletin | 1993 | Mauritius | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses | |
Coppejans, E., H. Beeckman, and M. De Wit. 1992. The seagrass and associated macroalgal vegetation of Gazi Bay (Kenya). Hydrobiologia 247:59-75. | 1992 | Kenya | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Substrate | |
Millar, A. J. K. and M. J. Wynne. 1992. Chondria viticulosa sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta), a distinctly flattened species from south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 5:421-429. | 1992 | Australia | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Paul, V. J. 1992. Activation of chemical defenses in the tropical green algae Halimeda spp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 160:191-203. | 1992 | Guam | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Poncet, J. 1992. Virella alveata nov. gen., nov. sp. an Early Devonian green calcareous Alga (Dasycladales) from the Armorican Massif, France [Virella alveata nov. gen., nov. sp.algue verte calcaire (Dasycladales) du Devonien inferieur du Massif Armoricain, France]. Geobios 25:311-314. | 1992 | France | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Roberts, H. H., P. A. Wilson, and A. Lugo-Fernandez. 1992. Biologic and geologic responses to physical processes: examples from modern reef systems of the Caribbean-Atlantic region. Continental Shelf Research 12:809-834. | 1992 | South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Bermuda; Nicaragua; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Aharon, P. 1991. Recorders of reef environment histories: stable isotopes in corals, giant clams, and calcareous algae. Coral Reefs 10:71-90. | 1991 | Australia; Java | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Colin, P. L. and L. J. Bell. 1991. Aspects of the spawning of labrid and scarid fishes (Pisces: Labroidei) at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands with notes on other families. Environmental Biology of Fishes 31:229-260. | 1991 | Marshall Islands | Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Littler, M. M. 1991. Deep-water rhodolith distribution, productivity, and growth history at sites of formation and subsequent degradation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 150:163-182. | 1991 | Bahamas; Cuba | Algae; Boring Sponges; Calcareous Macroalgae; Light; Marine Worms; Octocoral; Primary Production; Sponges | |
Riding, R., J. M. Martin, and J. C. Braga. 1991. Coral-stromatolite reef framework, Upper Miocene, Almeria, Spain. Sedimentology 38:799-818. | 1991 | Spain | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Harris, P. T., P. J. Davies, and J. F. Marshall. 1990. Late Quaternary sedimentation on the Great Barrier Reef continental shelf and slope east of Townsville, Australia. Marine Geology 94:55-77. | 1990 | Australia | Model | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Littler, M. M. and D. S. Littler. 1990. Productivity and nutrient relationships in psammophytic versus epilithic forms of Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta): comparisons based on a short-term physiological assay. Hydrobiologia 49-55. | 1990 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment | ||
Deloffre, R., J.-J. Fleury, E. Fourcade, and F. Michaud. 1989. Dasycladales (green algae) from the Palaeocene-Lower Eocene of Mexico [Dasycladales (Algues vertes) du Paleocene-Eocene inferieur du Mexique]. Revue de Micropaleontologie 32:15-Mar. | 1989 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico; Europe | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Echinoderms; Sediment | |
Dix, G. R. 1989. High-energy, inner shelf carbonate facies along a tide-dominated non-rimmed margin, northwestern Australia. Marine Geology 89:347-362. | 1989 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Drew, E. A. and K. M. Abel. 1988. Studies on Halimeda - I. The distribution and species composition of Halimeda meadows throughout the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs 6:195-205. | 1988 | Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment | |
Drew, E. A. and K. M. Abel. 1988. Studies on Halimeda - II. Reproduction, particularly the seasonality of gametangia formation, in a number of species from the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs 6:207-218. | 1988 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Calcareous Macroalgae; Discharges |
Hay, M. E., V. J. Paul, S. M. Lewis, K. Gustafson, J. Tucker, and R. N. Trindell. 1988. Can tropical seaweeds reduce herbivory by growing at night? Diel patterns of growth, nitrogen content, herbivory, and chemical versus morphological defenses. Oecologia 75:233-245. | 1988 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Primary Production; Small Herbivorous Fish | ||
Johns, H. D. and C. H. Moore. 1988. Reef to basin sediment transport using Halimeda as a sediment tracer, Grand Cayman Island, West Indies. Coral Reefs 6:187-193. | 1988 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Mankiewicz, C. 1988. Occurrence and paleocologic significance of Halimeda in late Miocene reefs, southeastern Spain. Coral Reefs 6:271-279. | 1988 | Spain | GIS & Maps | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment |
Marshall, J. F. and P. J. Davies. 1988. Halimeda bioherms of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 6:139-148. | 1988 | Australia; Cuba | Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment | |
Morrison, D. 1988. Comparing fish and urchin grazing in shallow and deeper coral reef algal communities. Ecology 69:1367-1382. | 1988 | Jamaica | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate | |
Multer, H. G. 1988. Growth rate, ultrastructure and sediment contribution of Halimeda incrassata and Halimeda monile, Nonsuch and Falmouth Bays, Antigua, W.I. Coral Reefs 6:179-186. | 1988 | Antigua | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment | |
Naim, O. 1988. Distributional patterns of mobile fauna associated with Halimeda on the Tiahura coral-reef complex (Moorea, French Polynesia). Coral Reefs 6:237-250. | 1988 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Calcareous Macroalgae; Marine Worms | |
Orme, G. R. and M. S. Salama. 1988. Form and seismic stratigraphy of Halimeda banks in part of the northern Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs 6:131-137. | 1988 | Australia | Calcareous Macroalgae | |
Paul, V. J. and K. L. Van Alstyne. 1988. Chemical defense and chemical variation in some tropical Pacific species of Halimeda (Halimedaceae; Chlorophyta). Coral Reefs 6:263-269. | 1988 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Calcareous Macroalgae; Small Herbivorous Fish |
Payri, C. E. 1988. Halimeda contribution to organic and inorganic production in a Tahitian reef system. Coral Reefs 6:251-262. | 1988 | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Primary Production | |
Phipps, C. V. G. and H. H. Roberts. 1988. Seismic characteristics and accretion history of Halimeda bioherms on Kalukalukuang Bank, eastern Java Sea (Indonesia). Coral Reefs 6:149-159. | 1988 | Australia; Java; Indonesia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Roberts, H. H., P. Aharon, and C. V. Phipps. 1988. Morphology and sedimentology of Halimeda bioherms from the eastern Java Sea (Indonesia). Coral Reefs 6:161-172. | 1988 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Java; Indonesia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Wolanski, E., E. Drew, K. M. Abel, and J. O'Brien. 1988. Tidal jets, nutrient upwelling and their influence on the productivity of the alga Halimeda in the Ribbon Reefs, Great Barrier Reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 26:169-201. | 1988 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Hackney, J. M. and P. Hensley. 1987. Use of an enzyme assay to detect glycolate in aquatic systems. Aquatic Botany 27:395-402. | 1987 | Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Lapointe, B. E., M. M. Littler, and D. S. Littler. 1987. A comparison of nutrient-limited productivity in macroalgae from a Caribbean barrier reef and from a mangrove ecosystem. Aquatic Botany 28:243-255. | 1987 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients | |
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and P. R. Taylor. 1987. Animal-plant defense associations: Effects on the distribution and abundance of tropical reef macrophytes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105:107-121. | 1987 | South & Central America; Belize | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Roberts, H. H. 1987. Modern carbonate-siliciclastic transitions: Humid and arid tropical examples. Sedimentary Geology 50:25-65. | 1987 | Nicaragua; Java; Indonesia | Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Sediment | |
Colin, P. L. 1986. Benthic community distribution in the Enewetak Atoll lagoon, Marshall Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science 38:129-143. | 1986 | Marshall Islands | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp | |
Colin, P. L., D. M. Devaney, L. Hillis-Colinvaux, T. H. Suchanek, and J. T. Harrison III. 1986. Geology and biological zonation of the reef slope, 50-360 m depth at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science 38:111-128. | 1986 | Marshall Islands | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral | |
Foster, W. A. and J. E. Treherne. 1986. The ecology and behaviour of a marine insect, Halobates fijiensis (Hemiptera: Gerridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 86:391-412. | 1986 | Fiji | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Mangroves; Skeletal Coral |
Hendler, G. and B. S. Littman. 1986. The ploys of sex: relationships among the mode of reproduction, body size and habitats of coral-reef brittlestars. Coral Reefs 5:31-42. | 1986 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Calcareous Macroalgae; Plankton; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral | |
Hillis-Colinvaux, L. 1986. Halimeda growth and diversity on the deep fore-reef of Enewetak Atoll. Coral Reefs 5:19-21. | 1986 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Stony Coral | ||
Hoskin, C. M., J. K. Reed, and D. H. Mook. 1986. Production and off-bank transport of carbonate sediment, Black Rock, southwest Little Bahama Bank. Marine Geology 73:125-144. | 1986 | Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Sediment | ||
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, and D. S. Littler. 1986. Plant defense associations in the marine environment. Coral Reefs 5:63-71. | 1986 | South & Central America; Belize | Model | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish |
Bosence, D. W. J. 1985. The 'Coralligene' of the Mediterranean - a Recent analog for Tertiary coralline algal limestones. Paleoalgology: contemporary research and applications 216-225. | 1985 | France | Algae; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Sediment; Sponges | |
Lewis, S. M. 1985. Herbivory on coral reefs: algal susceptibility to herbivorous fishes. Oecologia 65:370-375. | 1985 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Lidz, B. H., D. M. Robbin, and E. A. Shinn. 1985. Holocene carbonate sedimentary petrology and facies accumulation, Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 36:672-700. | 1985 | Florida | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, D. S. Littler, R. H. Sims, and J. N. Norris. 1985. The distribution, abundance and primary productivity of submerged macrophytes in a Belize barrier-reef mangrove system. Atoll Research Bulletin | 1985 | South & Central America; Belize | Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses |
Magathan, E. R. 1985. Devonian reef-associated articulate red algae from western Canada. Paleoalgology: contemporary research and applications 170-178. | 1985 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Mallik, T. K. 1985. An analysis of problems related to dredging in a coral atoll: Kavaratti, Lakshadweep, Indian Ocean. Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 7:151-157. | 1985 | Indian Ocean; India; Fiji | Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcareous Macroalgae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Molluscs; Ports & Harbors; Sediment | |
Scoffin, T. P. and A. W. Tudhope. 1985. Sedimentary environments of the Central Region of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Coral Reefs 4:81-93. | 1985 | Australia; Cuba | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Bullen, S. B. and D. F. Sibley. 1984. Dolomite selectivity and mimic replacement. Geology 12:655-658. | 1984 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae | ||
Hine, A. C. and J. C. Steinmetz. 1984. Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas - A partially drowned carbonate platform. Marine Geology 59. | 1984 | Bahamas; Cuba | Beach & Land Formation; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Liebezeit, G., L. Bohm, R. Dawson, and G. Wefer. 1984. Estimation of algal carbonate input to marine aragonitic sediments on the basis of xylose content. Marine Geology 54:249-262. | 1984 | Bermuda | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment |
Untawale, A. G. and T. G. Jagtap. 1984. Marine macrophytes of minicoy (Lakshadweep) coral atoll of the Arabian Sea. Aquatic Botany 19:97-103. | 1984 | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses | ||
Walter, L. M. and J. W. Morse. 1984. Reactive surface area of skeletal carbonates during dissolution: effect of grain size. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 54:1081-1090. | 1984 | Calcareous Macroalgae | ||
Drew, E. A. 1983. Halimeda biomass, growth rates and sediment generation on reefs in the central great barrier reef province. Coral Reefs 2:101-110. | 1983 | Australia | Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment | |
Harbour, J. L. 1983. Porosity evolution of the Pleistocene Mariana Limestone, Orote Peninsula, Guam. Pages 540-557 in Carbonate buildups - a core workshop. SEPM core workshop 4, Dallas, 1983. | 1983 | Guam | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment | |
Roberts, H. H. and S. P. Murray. 1983. Controls on reef development and the terrigenous-carbonate interface on a shallow shelf, Nicaragua (Central America). Coral Reefs 2:71-80. | 1983 | South & Central America; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Rutzler, K. and I. G. Macintyre. 1982. The habitat distribution and community structure of the barrier reef complex at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I: structure and communities Sep-45. | 1982 | South & Central America; Belize | Calcareous Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | |
Armstrong, A. K., P. D. Snaveley Jr, and W. O. Addicott. 1980. Porosity evolution of Upper Miocene reefs, Almeria Province, southern Spain. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 64:188-208. | 1980 | Spain | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Stony Coral | |
Morrissey, J. 1980. Community structure and zonation of microalgae and hermatypic corals on a fringing reef flat of magnetic island (Queensland, Australia). Aquatic Botany 8:91-139. | 1980 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate | |
Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F. G. 1979. (The Rhodolite high energy ( carbonate) platforms and the climatic crisis of the Mio-Pliocene passage in the Pacific area). [Les plates-formes carbonatees de haute energie a Rhodolithes et la crise climatique du passage Mio-Pliocene dans le domaine pacifi. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf- Aquitaine 3:489-495. | 1979 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate | |
Mallik, T. K. 1979. Some sedimentological and biological aspects of the Kavaratti and Kalpeni atolls, Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Marine Geology 29:357-385. | 1979 | Indian Ocean; India | Algae; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Sediment | |
Ghose, B. K. 1977. Paleoecology of the cenozoic reefal foraminifers and algae - A brief review. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 22:231-256. | 1977 | Review | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae | |
Thorhaug, A. and M. A. Roessler. 1977. Seagrass community dynamics in a subtropical estuarine lagoon. Aquaculture 12:253-277. | 1977 | Florida | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges | |
Mallik, T. K. 1976. Grain-size variation in the Kavaratti lagoon sediments, Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea. Marine Geology 20:57-75. | 1976 | Florida; India | Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment |
Management Options
Management Option | Description | Sources | Database Topics |
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Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring | This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins |
Restoration: Removal of Invasive Algae | Benthic organisms on reefs maintain a delicate balance competing for space. In many areas, the competition between coral and algae has fallen out of balance due to confounding factors. Factors such as decreased herbivorous fish and invertebrates, and invasive algae species have allowed faster growing algae to take over many reefs, often growing into smothering mats that cover and kill coral. In Hawaii, there has been some success physically removing invasive algae such as Kappaphycus using underwater vacuums extended down from barges or volunteer events in shallower areas. | The Nature Conservancy. 2010.Two Million Pounds of Invasive Algae Removed From Maunalua Bay. (not cited) |
Algae; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Coralline Algae; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Reef Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae |
Laws
Legal Citation | Purpose of Law | Management Organization | Database Topics |
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