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Beaches & Nature Parks

Beaches & Nature Parks

Beaches, Conservation Lands, and Nature Parks deals with the beautification and upkeep of outdoor areas for recreation, tourism, environmental protection, or aesthetic value, including their establishment, operation, and maintenance.

CMap

Sand production is the process by which calcified coral skeletons and invertebrate shells break down, forming sand which replenishes beaches. Cultural policies are responses that impact the distribution and functioning of cultural sectors, including tourism, recreation, education, and social organization. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Culture sectors contribute to the social, emotional, and intellectual well-being of the community. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Entertainment and Accommodation Services are businesses that provide attractions, lodging, and food services for tourists, and to some degree for local residents. Finfish and shellfish stock are fish (e.g., groupers and snappers) and invertebrates (e.g., lobster, crab, conch, octopus, squid, and bivalves) that are harvested for human consumption as seafood. The Golf Course Operations subsector of the Entertainment and Accommodation Services sector consists of establishments that operate golf courses, including country clubs that also offer dining and other recreational facilities. The Hotel and Food Services subsector of Entertainment and Accommodation Services provides accommodations, restaurants, and similar services for tourism and local recreation. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Marine products are non-food goods derived from reefs that promote human well-being (e.g, aquarium fish or ornamental resources) and human health (e.g., pharmaceuticals and cosmetics). Industries involved in the Museums, Amusement Parks, and Historical Sites subsector of the Entertainment and Accommodation Services sector preserve and exhibit objects, sites, and natural wonders of historical, cultural, and educational value, and operate amusement parks for public entertainment. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. Aesthetic & recreational value pertains to the value derived from the visual beauty and recreational opportunities provided by a natural ecosystem, including an assemblage of diverse, healthy, colorful, or unique species. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Shoreline Protection is the attenuation of wave energy by reefs that protects coastal communities against shoreline erosion and flooding during storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis that can cause property damage and loss of life. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Tourism & Recreation sectors operate facilities and provide services for the varied cultural, entertainment, and recreational interests of residents and tourists. Tourism and recreation policies can be use to control the distribution and intensity of recreational activities such as through advertising, incentives, or visitors centers. The Travel Services and Tour Operators subsector of the Entertainment and Accommodation Services sector provides travel arrangements, reservations, boat and car rentals, and guided tours for tourists. Water resources reflect the quality and quantity of seawater available for human use, including swimming, navigation, and other uses.

CMap Description

Tourism & recreation requires construction of hotels, restaurants, docks, marinas, beaches and natural areas, which contribute to landscape changes and alter pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Tourism activities involving contact uses (boating, swimming, fishing) may cause physical damage to reef species. Tourism & recreation sectors directly benefit from many ecosystem services, including the aesthetic value of the reef and clean, calm waters, which provide recreational opportunities and contribute to the cultural identity of the local community. The reef ecosystem also provides seafood and marine products, such as ornamental jewelry and other souvenirs. Decision-makers can enact policies to increase tourism, alter the location or intensity of recreational activities, or educate the public to modify their behavior.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Contribution of Jamaica�s Coral Reefs. World Resource Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). 2011 Global; Jamaica Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Adams, AJ; Hill, JE; Samoray, C. 2011. Characteristics of spawning ground fidelity by a diadromous fish: a multi-year perspective. Environmental Biology of Fishes 92:403-411. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish
Booth, DT; Evans, A. 2011. Warm Water and Cool Nests Are Best. How Global Warming Might Influence Hatchling Green Turtle Swimming Performance. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; Cuba Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Fish; Sea Turtles
Borges, MEN; Riding, JB; Fernandes, P; Pereira, Z. 2011. The Jurassic (Pliensbachian to Kimmeridgian) palynology of the Algarve Basin and the Carrapateira outlier, southern Portugal. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 163:190-204. 2011 Europe; France Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Bruno, MC; Cottarelli, V. 2011. Proposal of Fiersiphontina gen. nov., redescription of Fiersiphontina sensillata comb. nov., and new data on the distribution of Spiniferaphonte (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae). Zootaxa 1-19. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Philippines Review; Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks
Choukri, A; Hakam, OK; Reyss, JL. 2011. Difficulties in dating Pleistocene marine levels using fossil mollusk shells: the Ouljian level on the High Atlas shore, Morocco. Carnets de Geologie 21-30. 2011 Egypt Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Erwin, TL. 2011. Halocoryza Alluaud, 1919, sea-side beetles of the Indian, Atlantic (sensu lato), and Pacific Oceans: a generic synopsis and description of a remarkable new species from Baja California Sur, Mexico (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini, Clivinina). Zookeys 1-13. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India; Pacific Ocean; Caribbean; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Hackradt, CW; Felix-Hackradt, FC; Pichler, HA; Spach, HL; Santos, LDOE. 2011. Factors influencing spatial patterns of the ichthyofauna of low energy estuarine beaches in southern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91:1345-1357. 2011 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Salinity; Shoreline Protection
Hernandez-Terrones, L; Rebolledo-Vieyra, M; Merino-Ibarra, M; Soto, M; Le-Cossec, A; Monroy-Rios, E. 2011. Groundwater Pollution in a Karstic Region (NE Yucatan): Baseline Nutrient Content and Flux to Coastal Ecosystems. Water Air And Soil Pollution 218:517-528. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Discharges; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Klemas, V. 2011. Beach Profiling and LIDAR Bathymetry: An Overview with Case Studies. Journal of Coastal Research 27:1019-1028. 2011 Global; Florida Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Kushner, B., P. Edwards, L. Burke, and E. Cooper. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - Coral Reefs, Beach Erosion and Impacts to Tourism in Jamaica. Working Paper, World Resource Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). 2011 Jamaica Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Social Organizations; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Pe�quignet, A. C., J. M. Becker, M. A. Merrifield, S. J. Boc. 2011. The dissipation of wind wave energy across a fringing reef at Ipan, Guam. Coral Reefs 2011 Guam Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pequignet, AC; Becker, JM; Merrifield, MA; Boc, SJ. 2011. The dissipation of wind wave energy across a fringing reef at Ipan, Guam. Coral Reefs 30:71-82. 2011 Guam Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sanpanich, K. 2011. Marine bivalves occurring on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand. ScienceAsia 37:195-204. 2011 Thailand Beaches & Nature Parks; Bivalves; Molluscs
Smallwood, CB; Beckley, LE; Moore, SA; Kobryn, HT. 2011. Assessing patterns of recreational use in large marine parks: A case study from Ningaloo Marine Park, Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:330-340. 2011 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Vonk, R; Hoeksema, BW; Jaume, D. 2011. A new marine interstitial Psammogammarus (Crustacea,Amphipoda, Melitidae) from Gura Ici Island, off western Halmahera (North Moluccas, Indonesia), and an overview of the genus. Zookeys 53-73. 2011 India; Japan; Indonesia Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Skeletal Coral
Waite, R., E. Cooper, N. Zenny, and L. Burke. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Value of Jamaica�s Coral Reef-Related Fisheries. Working Paper, World Resources Institute and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D. C. (USA). 2011 Global; Jamaica Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Walker, SE; Parsons-Hubbard, K; Richardson-White, S; Brett, C; Powell, E. 2011. Alpha and beta diversity of encrusting foraminifera that recruit to long-term experiments along a carbonate platform-to-slope gradient: Paleoecological and paleoenvironmental implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 312:325-349. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean; Mexico Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Invasive Species; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Substrate
Zuidema, C; Plate, R; Dikou, A. 2011. To preserve or to develop? East Bay dredging project, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands. Journal of Coastal Conservation 15:555-563. 2011 Turks and Caicos Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae; Valuation
Ahn, K. J., M. J. Jeon, and M. A. Branham. 2010. Phylogeny, biogeography and the stepwise evolutionary colonization of intertidal habitat in the Liparocephalini based on morphological and molecular characters (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Cladistics 26:344-358. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Beaches & Nature Parks
Dragicevic, J. S. 2010. Sea Pollution By Petroleum And Petroleum Products. Gradevinar 62:755-760. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Oil & Gas Industry
Dudley, S. F. J. and G. Cliff. 2010. Influence of the annual sardine run on catches of large sharks in the protective gillnets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and the occurrence of sardine in shark diet. African Journal of Marine Science 32:383-397. 2010 South Africa Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Whales & Dolphins
Fuentes, M. M. P. B., C. J. Limpus, M. Hamann, and J. Dawson. 2010. Potential impacts of projected sea-level rise on sea turtle rookeries. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:132-139. 2010 Australia Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Sea Turtles; Storms & Hurricanes
Fuentes, M. M. P. B., M. Hamann, and C. J. Limpus. 2010. Past, current and future thermal profiles of green turtle nesting grounds: Implications from climate change. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 383:56-64. 2010 Global; Australia; Cuba Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Sea Turtles
Godinho, W. O. and T. M. C. Lotufo. 2010. Local v. microhabitat influences on the fish fauna of tidal pools in north-east Brazil. Journal of Fish Biology 76:487-501. 2010 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish
Inui, R., T. Nishida, N. Onikura, K. Eguchi, M. Kawagishi, M. Nakatani, and S. Oikawa. 2010. Physical factors influencing immature-fish communities in the surf zones of sandy beaches in northwestern Kyushu Island, Japan. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 86:467-476. 2010 Japan Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Salinity; Sediment
Jordan, L. K. B., K. W. Banks, L. E. Fisher, B. K. Walker, and D. S. Gilliam. 2010. Elevated sedimentation on coral reefs adjacent to a beach nourishment project. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:261-271. 2010 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Marriner, N., M. Guerout, T. Romon, and P. Dussouillez. 2010. Geomorphology of Tromelin, Indian Ocean. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 342:766-777. 2010 Indian Ocean; Madagascar; Reunion; India; France Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Miloslavich, P., J. M. Diaz, E. Klein, J. Jose Alvarado, C. Diaz, J. Gobin, E. Escobar-Briones, J. J. Cruz-Motta, E. Weil, J. Cortes, A. C. Bastidas, R. Robertson, F. Zapata, A. Martin, J. Castillo, A. Kazandjian, and M. Ortiz. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. PLoS One 5:e11916. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Antilles; Cuba; Venezuela; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nip, T. H. M. and C. K. Wong. 2010. Juvenile Fish Assemblages in Mangrove and Non-Mangrove Soft-Shore Habitats in Eastern Hong Kong. Zoological Studies 49:760-778. 2010 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nobi, E. P., E. Dilipan, T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, and L. Kannan. 2010. Geochemical and geo-statistical assessment of heavy metal concentration in the sediments of different coastal ecosystems of Andaman Islands, India. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 87:253-264. 2010 India Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Radford, C. A., J. A. Stanley, C. T. Tindle, J. C. Montgomery, and A. G. Jeffs. 2010. Localised coastal habitats have distinct underwater sound signatures. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:21-29. 2010 Beaches & Nature Parks; Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
Sando, J. J., K. Usher, and P. Buettner. 2010. 'To Swim or Not To Swim': the impact of jellyfish stings causing Irukandji Syndrome in Tropical Queensland. Journal Of Clinical Nursing 19:109-117. 2010 Australia Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Textiles & Apparel
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2010. Coral reef local action strategies. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. 2010 Florida Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation
Vietti, R. C., G. Albertelli, S. Aliani, S. Bava, G. Bavestrello, L. B. Cecchi, C. N. Bianchi, E. Bozzo, M. Capello, M. Castellano, C. Cerrano, M. Chiantore, N. Corradi, S. Cocito, L. Cutroneo, G. Diviacco, M. Fabiano, M. Faimali, M. Ferrari, G. P. Gasparini, and Locr. 2010. The Ligurian Sea: present status, problems and perspectives. Chemistry and Ecology 26:319-340. 2010 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Plankton; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins
Wielgus, J., E. Cooper, R. Torres, and L. Burke. 2010. Coastal capital: Dominican Republic. Case studies on the economic value of coastal ecosystems in the Dominican Republic. Washington, DC, World Resources Institute. 2010 Global; Dominican Republic Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Yang, R. Y., Y. C. Wu, H. H. Hwung, J. Y. Liou, and I. V. Shugan. 2010. Current countermeasure of beach erosion control and its application in Taiwan. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:552-561. 2010 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Infrastructure; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Aguiar, A. A., J. L. Valentin, and R. S. Rosa. 2009. Habitat use by Dasyatis americana in a south-western Atlantic oceanic island. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 6-Jan. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Beaches & Nature Parks
Barletta, M. and M. F. Costa. 2009. Living and Non-living Resources Exploitation in a Tropical Semi-arid Estuary. Journal of Coastal Research 371-375. 2009 Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Salinity; Tourism & Recreation
Brischoux, F., X. Bonnet, and D. Pinaud. 2009. Fine scale site fidelity in sea kraits: implications for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 9-Jan. 2009 Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Cowles, A., J. E. HeWitt, and R. B. Taylor. 2009. Density, biomass and productivity of small mobile invertebrates in a wide range of coastal habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:175-185. 2009 Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Substrate
Irving, A. D. and M. D. Bertness. 2009. Trait-dependent modification of facilitation on cobble beaches. Ecology 90:3042-3050. 2009 England Model Beaches & Nature Parks
Kench, P. S., R. W. Brander, K. E. Parnell, and J. M. O'Callaghan. 2009. Seasonal variations in wave characteristics around a coral reef island, South Maalhosmadulu atoll, Maldives. Marine Geology 262:116-129. 2009 Indian Ocean; Maldives; India Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Paris, R., P. Wassmer, J. Sartohadi, F. Lavigne, B. Barthomeuf, E. Desgages, D. Grancher, P. Baumert, F. Vautier, D. Brunstein, and C. Gomez. 2009. Tsunamis as geomorphic crises: Lessons from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga, West Banda Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia). Geomorphology 104:59-72. 2009 Indonesia Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Quicoy, A. R. and N. D. Briones. 2009. Beach Carrying Capacity Assessment of Coastal Ecotourism in Calatagan, Batangas, Phlippines. Journal Of Environmental Science And Management 12:11-26. 2009 Florida Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Silva, I. R., J. C. Rossi, H. M. Nascimento, and T. G. Siqueira. 2009. Geoenvironmental Characterization and Urbanization of the Beaches on the Islands of Tinhare and Boipeba, South Coast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 1297-1300. 2009 Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Vrbancich, J. 2009. An investigation of seawater and sediment depth using a prototype airborne electromagnetic instrumentation system -a case study in Broken Bay, Australia. Pages 633-651 in Geophysical Prospecting. 2009 Australia; Europe Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Vroom, P. S., J. Asher, C. L. Braun, E. Coccagna, O. J. Vetter, W. A. Cover, K. M. McCully, D. C. Potts, A. Marie, and C. Vanderlip. 2009. Macroalgal (Boodlea composita) bloom at Kure and Midway Atolls, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Botanica Marina 52:361-363. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks
Zhang, L., B. Zhang, Z. C. Chen, L. F. Zheng, and Q. X. Tong. 2009. The application of hyperspectral remote sensing to coast environment investigation. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 28:1-13. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mining Policies; Petroleum Spills
Calhoun, R. S. and M. E. Field. 2008. Sand composition and transport history on a fringing coral reef, Molokai, Hawaii. Journal of Coastal Research 24:1151-1160. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Sediment
Charlier, R. H., P. Morand, and C. W. Finkl. 2008. How Brittany and Florida coasts cope with green tides. International Journal of Environmental Studies 65:191-208. 2008 Florida; France Agriculture; Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Cunha, E. A., R. A. A. Carvalho, C. Monteiro-Neto, L. E. S. Moraes, and M. E. Araujo. 2008. Comparative analysis of tidepool fish species composition on tropical coastal rocky reefs at State of Ceara, Brazil. Iheringia - Serie Zoologia 98:379-390. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
De Matos Nogueira, J. M. and M. V. Fukuda. 2008. A new species of Trypanosyllis (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Brazil, with a redescription of Brazilian material of Trypanosyllis zebra. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:913-924. 2008 United Kingdom Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Worms; Sponges
Eckman, J. E., M. S. Andres, R. L. Marinelli, E. Bowlin, R. P. Reid, R. J. Aspden, and D. M. Paterson. 2008. Wave and sediment dynamics along a shallow subtidal sandy beach inhabited by modern stromatolites. Geobiology 6:21-32. 2008 Bahamas Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Harvey, N. and C. D. Woodroffe. 2008. Australian approaches to coastal vulnerability assessment. Pages 67-87 in Sustainability Science. 2008 Global; Australia Model; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Hazin, F. H. V., G. H. Burgess, and F. C. Carvalho. 2008. A shark attack outbreak off recife, Pernambuco, Brazil: 1992-2006. Bulletin of Marine Science 82:199-212. 2008 Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heck Jr., K. L., T. J. B. Carruthers, C. M. Duarte, A. R. Hughes, G. Kendrick, R. J. Orth, and S. W. Williams. 2008. Trophic Transfers from Seagrass Meadows Subsidize Diverse Marine and Terrestrial Consumers. Ecosystems 13-Jan. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Seagrasses
Kench, P. S., S. L. Nichol, S. G. Smithers, R. F. McLean, and R. W. Brander. 2008. Tsunami as agents of geomorphic change in mid-ocean reef islands. Geomorphology 95:361-383. 2008 Indian Ocean; Maldives; India Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Knee, K. L., B. A. Layton, J. H. Street, A. B. Boehm, and A. Paytan. 2008. Sources of nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria to nearshore waters on the north shore of Kaua'i (Hawai'i, USA). Estuaries and Coasts 31:607-622. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kumar, A., P. Seralathan, and K. S. Jayappa. 2008. Distribution of coastal cliffs in Kerala, India: their mechanisms of failure and related human engineering response. Environmental Geology 18-Jan. 2008 India Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Mylroie, J. E. 2008. Late Quaternary sea-level position: Evidence from Bahamian carbonate deposition and dissolution cycles. Quaternary International 183:61-75. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; CO2; Sediment
NOAA; The Nature Conservancy. 2008. Creosote Assessment in Puget Sound Beaches. NOAA. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Docks & Marinas; Sediment
Soliman, A. M., H. M. Moghazy, and A. M. El-Tahan. 2008. Sea level rise impacts on Egyptian Mediterranean coast (case study of Alexandria). AEJ - Alexandria Engineering Journal 47:75-87. 2008 Global; Egypt Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Woo, K. S., J. C. Kim, D. W. Choi, J. K. Kim, R. Kim, and O. Nehza. 2008. The origin of erratic calcite speleothems in the Dangcheomul Cave (lava tube cave), Jeju Island, Korea. Quaternary International 70-81. 2008 Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Sediment
Benedet, L., C. W. Finkl, and W. M. Hartog. 2007. Processes controlling development of erosional hot spots on a beach nourishment project. Journal of Coastal Research 23:33-48. 2007 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Remediation; Sediment
Duvat, V. 2007. Typology of coral beaches (Western Indian Ocean) [Proposition de typologie des plages coralliennes (ocean Indien occidental)]. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 51:307-325. 2007 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Elliott, M., D. Burdon, K. L. Hemingway, and S. E. Apitz. 2007. Estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystem restoration: Confusing management and science - A revision of concepts. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 74:349-366. 2007 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Remediation; Seagrasses
Kankara, R. S. and B. R. Subramanian. 2007. Oil spill sensitivity analysis and risk assessment for Gulf of Kachchh, India, using integrated modeling. Journal of Coastal Research 23:1251-1258. 2007 India Model; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills; Transportation Policies
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2007. Drift rhodophyte blooms emerge in Lee County, Florida, USA: Evidence of escalating coastal eutrophication. Harmful Algae 6:421-437. 2007 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Neves, B. M., E. J. B. Lima, and C. D. Perez. 2007. Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the littoral of Pernambuco, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87:1263-1267. 2007 Beaches & Nature Parks; Echinoderms; Octocoral; Seastars; Sponges
Shirlal, K. G., S. Rao, and Manu. 2007. Ocean wave transmission by submerged reef-A physical model study. Ocean Engineering 34:2093-2099. 2007 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Sun, Y.-S., J. Han, L.-J. Zhang, and Z.-J. Tan. 2007. Genesis of reef flat body matrix secondary pores in Upper Ordovician in central area of Tarim Basin: A case from Well 62 field of Central Tarim. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa/Petroleum Exploration and Development 34. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks
Swarnakumar, N. S., T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, and L. Kannan. 2007. Distribution of total heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal waters of the Great Nicobar with special reference to human pathogens. National Academy Science Letters 30:129-137. 2007 Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Wanless, H. R. and K. L. Maier. 2007. An evaluation of beach renourishment sands adjacent to reefal settings, Southeast Florida. Southeastern Geology 45:25-42. 2007 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Whelan, C. L. and J. Wyneken. 2007. Estimating predation levels and site-specific survival of hatchling loggerhead seaturtles (Caretta caretta) from South Florida beaches. Copeia 745-754. 2007 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
[No author name available]. 2006. International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. in International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. 2006 Indian Ocean; Sri Lanka; India Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Booth, D. T. and C. Freeman. 2006. Sand and nest temperatures and an estimate of hatchling sex ratio from the Heron Island green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookery, Southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 25:629-633. 2006 Australia; Cuba Beaches & Nature Parks; Sea Turtles
Braga, J. C., J. M. Martin, C. Betzler, and J. Aguirre. 2006. Models of temperate carbonate deposition in Neogene basins in SE Spain: A synthesis. Geological Society Special Publication 121-135. 2006 Spain Model Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cowell, P. J., B. G. Thom, R. A. Jones, C. H. Everts, and D. Simanovic. 2006. Management of uncertainty in predicting climate-change impacts on beaches. Journal of Coastal Research 22:232-245. 2006 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Sediment; Substrate
Davenport, J. and J. L. Davenport. 2006. The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 67:280-292. 2006 Cuba Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Invasive Species; Land & Air Transportation; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
De Araujo, M. C. B. and M. F. Costa. 2006. Municipal services on tourist beaches: Costs and benefits of solid waste collection. Journal of Coastal Research 22:1070-1075. 2006 Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Recreational Opportunities; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Frihy, O. E., A. N. Hassan, W. R. El Sayed, M. M. Iskander, and M. Y. Sherif. 2006. A review of methods for constructing coastal recreational facilities in Egypt (Red Sea). Ecological Engineering 27:12-Jan. 2006 Egypt Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Hotel & Food Services; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Grootaert, P. and N. L. Evenhuis. 2006. On the distribution of the marine genus Thinolestris Grootaert & Meuffels (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with a description of a new species from Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Zootaxa 59-68. 2006 Australia; Thailand; Malaysia; China Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Kench, P. S. and R. W. Brander. 2006. Response of reef island shorelines to seasonal climate oscillations: South Maalhosmadulu atoll, Maldives. Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface 111. 2006 Global; Maldives Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Lenotre, N. and R. Pedreros. 2006. The impact of climate change on coastlines [Impact du changement climatique sur le littoral]. Geosciences 2006:36-43. 2006 France Model Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Lipp, E. K., D. W. Griffin, J. B. Rose, J. C. Futch, and Y. Masago. 2006. Human fecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic viruses in offshore reefs and human recreational risk in nearshore waters of the Florida Keys. #X7-97480103-0, US E.P.A. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Liria, P., P. Gyssels, I. Galparsoro, Z. Santiago, M. Gonzalez, and A. Uriarte. 2006. Morphodynamic study of the Ondarreta Beach in San Sebastian (Spain). Pages 183-192 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2006 Spain Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Muller, J., R. A. J. Wust, and P. J. Hearty. 2006. Sediment transport along an artificial shoreline: \The Strand\", Townsville, NE-Queensland, Australia". Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 66:204-210. 2006 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Shimomura, M., S. Ohtsuka, and K. Tomikawa. 2006. Ingolfiella inermis n. sp., a new interstital ingolfiellid amphipod from Okinawa, southern Japan (Peracarida, Amphipoda). Crustaceana 79:1097-1105. 2006 Japan Beaches & Nature Parks
Short, A. D. 2006. Australian beach systems - Nature and distribution. Journal of Coastal Research 22:27-Nov. 2006 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Thanner, S. E., T. L. McIntosh, and S. M. Blair. 2006. Development of benthic and fish assemblages on artificial reef materials compared to adjacent natural reef assemblages in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:57-70. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Mitigation
Weight, A. 2006. The potential development of the Newquay Surf Reef. Pages 74-88 in International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Badran, M. I. and M. K. Al Zibdah. 2005. Environmental quality of Jordanian coastal surface sediment, Gulf of Aqaba, red sea. Ambio 34:615-620. 2005 Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Balachandra, H. K. 2005. Coral stone landscape and pterygia; is there an association? Pacific health dialog : a publication of the Pacific Basin Officers Training Program and the Fiji School of Medicine 12:81-83. 2005 Marshall Islands Beaches & Nature Parks; Pathogens
Bashat, H. 2005. Challenges of oil spill response in Egyptian coastal zone overlooking the mediterranean and the red sea. Pages 11498-11504 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Egypt Beaches & Nature Parks; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Bender, K. and R. Taylor. 2005. Oil spill contingency planning in Thailand. Page 5512 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Thailand Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Dickson, M. E. and C. D. Woodroffe. 2005. Rock coast morphology in relation of lithology and wave exposure, Lord Howe Island, southwest Pacific. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 49:239-251. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Duvat, V. 2005. Coral reef coasts in small islands of the western Indian Ocean. First part. Geomorphology [Les littoraux coralliens des petites îles de l'ouest de l'ocean Indien. Premiere partie. Geomorphologie]. Oceanis 31:Jan-90. 2005 Global; Indian Ocean; Seychelles; Maldives; India Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Scientific Research; Storms & Hurricanes
Duvat, V. 2005. Coral reef coasts in small islands of the western Indian Ocean. Second part. Development and management [Les littoraux coralliens des petites îles de l'ouest de l'ocean Indien. Seconde partie. Amenagement et gestion]. Oceanis 31:195-341. 2005 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Everts, C. H. and C. D. Eldon. 2005. Sand management in hook-shaped bays. Pages 136-150 in California and the World Ocean - Proceedings of the Conference. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Horn, S. A. and C. P. Neal. 2005. The atlantic empress sinking-a large spill without environmental disaster. Page 510 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Trinidad; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Petroleum Spills; Tourism & Recreation
Innes, S. I. 2005. An overview of artificial reefs for surfing and sand retention in california. Pages 191-203 in California and the World Ocean - Proceedings of the Conference. 2005 Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation
Jackson, L. 2005. Rock opera. Crafts 197:30-35. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks
Johnson, M. E. and B. G. Baarli. 2005. Erosion and burial of granite rocky shores in the recent and late pleistocene of the Seychelles Islands: Physical and biological perspectives. Journal of Coastal Research 21:867-879. 2005 Seychelles Review Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Skeletal Coral
McClanahan, T. R., S. Mwaguni, and N. A. Muthiga. 2005. Management of the Kenyan coast. Ocean and Coastal Management 48:901-931. 2005 Kenya Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing Sector; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
McComb, P. and K. Black. 2005. Detailed observations of littoral transport using artificial sediment tracer, in a high-energy, rocky reef and iron sand environment. Journal of Coastal Research 21:358-373. 2005 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mosher, T., M. Mitchell, P. Lucey, E. Hochberg, M. Davidson, and S. Wassom. 2005. Progress toward launch: A review of 2004 HICO program activities. in IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Lab Study; Remote Sensing Beaches & Nature Parks
Neira, R. and J. R. Cantera. 2005. Taxonomic composition and distribution of the echinoderms associations in the littoral ecosystems from the Colombian Pacific [Composicion taxonomica y distribucion de las asociaciones de equinodermos en los ecosistemas litorales del Pacifico Colombiano. Revista de biología tropical 195-206. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate
Perez, C. D., D. A. Vila-Nova, and A. M. Santos. 2005. Associated community with the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from littoral of Pernambuco, Brazil. Hydrobiologia 548:207-215. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Sheppard, C., D. J. Dixon, M. Gourlay, A. Sheppard, and R. Payet. 2005. Coral mortality increases wave energy reaching shores protected by reef flats: Examples from the Seychelles. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 64:223-234. 2005 Seychelles Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Simmons, S. A., R. K. Zimmer, and C. A. Zimmer. 2005. Life in the lee: Local distributions and orientations of honeycomb worms along the California coast. Journal of Marine Research 63:623-643. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Complex Habitat & Resources; Invertebrates
Sleeter, T. D., J. N. Butler, and J. E. Barbash. 2005. Hydrocarbons in sedimetns fromt eh edge of the bermuda platform. Page 3564 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Stieglitz, T. 2005. Submarine groundwater discharge into the near-shore zone of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:51-59. 2005 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thorhaug, A., F. McDonald, J. McFarlane, B. Carby, M. Anderson, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and P. Gayle. 2005. Dispersed oil effects on tropical habitats: Preliminary laboratory results of dispersed oil testing on Jamaica coralsand seagrass. Page 1988 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Jamaica Lab Study; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Thorhaug, A., G. Sidrak, K. Aiken, W. Walker, H. J. Teas, F. McDonald, B. Carby, R. Reese, M. Anderson, M. Rodriquez, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and J. McFarlane. 2005. Dispersant use for tropical nearshore waters: Jamaica. Page 1968 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean; Europe Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
[No author name available]. 2004. Barbados - A sunny pleasure dome. International Sugar Journal 105:10-Sep. 2004 South & Central America; Columbia; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Medical Centers; Tourism & Recreation
Brock, R. J. and B. F. Culhane. 2004. The no-take research natural area of Dry Tortugas National Park (Florida): Wishful thinking or responsible planning? Pages 67-74 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Bryan, S. E., A. Cook, J. P. Evans, P. W. Colls, M. G. Wells, M. G. Lawrence, J. S. Jell, A. Greig, and R. Leslie. 2004. Pumice rafting and faunal dispersion during 2001-2002 in the Southwest Pacific: Record of a dacitic submarine explosive eruption from Tonga. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 227:135-154. 2004 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji; Tonga Model Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Invasive Species; Marine Worms; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Carpentier, C., B. Lathuiliere, and S. Ferry. 2004. The Oxfordian carbonate platform of Lorraine: Evidences for an opening toward the Germanic Sea [La plate-forme carbonatee oxfordienne de Lorraine : Arguments pour une ouverture vers la mer Germanique]. Comptes Rendus - Geoscience 336:59-66. 2004 France; Germany Beaches & Nature Parks; Light; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Frihy, O. E., M. A. El Ganaini, W. R. El Sayed, and M. M. Iskander. 2004. The role of fringing coral reef in beach protection of Hurghada, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea of Egypt. Ecological Engineering 22:17-25. 2004 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Hampton, M. A., C. T. Blay, and C. J. Murray. 2004. Carbonate sediment deposits on the reef front around Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 22:65-102. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Laws, E. A., D. Brown, and C. Peace. 2004. Coastal water quality in the Kihei and Lahaina districts of the island of Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Impacts from physical habitat and groundwater seepage: Implications for water quality standards. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 22:531-546. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Mendoza Baldwin, E. G. and R. Silva Casarin. 2004. Beach profile model in the presence of submerged protection structures [Modelo de perfil de playa en presencia de estructuras sumergidas de proteccion]. Ingenieria Hidraulica en Mexico 19:16-May. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Nott, J. 2004. Palaeotempestology: The study of prehistoric tropical cyclones - A review and implications for hazard assessment. Environment International 30:433-447. 2004 Australia Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Salazar M., A., O. G. Lizano, and E. J. Alfaro. 2004. Sediment composition in the coastal zones of Costa Rica using X-ray fluorescence [Composicion de sedimentos en las zonas costeras de Costa Rica utilizando Fluorescencia de Rayos-X (FRX)]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 52:61-75. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Costa Rica; Caribbean Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment
Turner, I. L., S. G. J. Aarninkhof, T. D. T. Dronkers, and J. McGrath. 2004. CZM applications of argus coastal imaging at the Gold Coast, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 20:739-752. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Boggemann, M., R. Hessling, and W. Westheide. 2003. Horizontal distribution pattern of the syllid fauna (Annelida: Polychaeta) in the fringing reef lagoon of Anse Forbans (Seychelles, Mahe) and redescription of the abundant Streptosyllis aequiseta. Hydrobiologia 496:17-26. 2003 Seychelles Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Worms; Sediment
Bradbury, A. P., M. P. Crossman, N. W. H. Allsop, S. Segura-Dominguez, and J. D. Simm. 2003. Economical rock groynes - Reducing lifecycle costs. Pages 975-987 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. 2003 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dzikowski, R., I. Paperna, and A. Diamant. 2003. Multi-annual changes in the parasite communities of rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus (Siganidae) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 57:228-235. 2003 Index or Indicator Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Marine Worms
Ekebom, J. and A. Erkkila. 2003. Using aerial photography for identification of marine and coastal habitats under the EU's Habitats Directive. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13:287-304. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks
Giarrusso, C. C., F. Dentale, and E. P. Carratelli. 2003. On the stability of protected beaches. Pages 429-438 in Environmental Studies. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Ihenyen, A. E. 2003. Recent sedimentology and ocean dynamics of the Western Nigerian continental shelf and coastline. Journal of African Earth Sciences 36:233-244. 2003 Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lagabrielle, Y., B. Pelletier, G. Cabioch, M. Regnier, and S. Calmant. 2003. Coseismic and long-term vertical displacement due to back arc shortening, central Vanuatu: Offshore and onshore data following the Mw 7.5, 26 November 1999 Ambrym earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth 108. 2003 Vanuatu Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks
Nott, J. F. 2003. The urban geology of Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Quaternary International 103:75-82. 2003 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Parra, B. and L. J. Ruiz. 2003. Community structure of fishes on the east coast of the island of Cabagua, Venezuela [Estructura de la comunidad de peces en la costa oriental de la isla de Cabagua, Venezuela]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:197-203. 2003 Cuba; Venezuela Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Ramanujam, N. and R. Sudarsan. 2003. A study of coastal transformation at Tuticorin as a result of emerged and submerged natural breakwaters of Van Island, Gulf of Mannar. Environmental Geology 43:521-525. 2003 India Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Singh, H. S. 2003. Marine protected areas in India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 32:226-233. 2003 India GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Wetlands
United Nations Environment Program - Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (UNEP/GPA). 2003. Diagnosis of the erosion processes in the Caribbean sandy beaches. Environmental Agency, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Cuba, Cuba. 2003 Global; South & Central America; Cuba; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Valesini, F. J., K. R. Clarke, I. Eliot, and I. C. Potter. 2003. A user-friendly quantitative approach to classifying nearshore marine habitats along a heterogeneous coast. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:163-177. 2003 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Plankton; Seagrasses
Zazo, C., J. L. Goy, C. J. Dabrio, T. Bardaji, C. Hillaire-Marcel, B. Ghaleb, J.-A. Gonzalez-Delgado, and V. Soler. 2003. Pleistocene raised marine terraces of the Spanish Mediterranean and Atlantic Coasts: Records of coastal uplift, sea-level highstands and climate changes. Marine Geology 194:103-133. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Salinity
Al-Ansi, M. A., M. A. R. Abdel-Moati, and I. S. Al-Ansari. 2002. Causes of fish mortally along the Qatari waters (Arabian gulf). International Journal of Environmental Studies 59:59-71. 2002 Qatar Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Salinity
Bernabeu-Tello, A. M., J. J. Munoz-Perez, and R. Medina-Santamaria. 2002. Influence of a rocky platform in the profile morphology: Victoria Beach, Cadiz (Spain) [Influencia de un sustrato rocoso en la morfologia del perfil de playa: Playa Victoria, Cadiz]. Ciencias Marinas 28:181-192. 2002 Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks
Chopra, S. 2002. Coherence cube and beyond. First Break 20:27-33. 2002 GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
da Silva Andrade, A. C. and J. M. Landim Dominguez. 2002. Geologic-geomorphological informations as subsidies for environmental analysis: The example of caravelas coastal plain - Bahia [Informacõs geologico-geomorfologicas como subsidios à analise ambiental: O exemplo da planicie costeira de caravelas -. Boletim Paranaense de Geosciencias 51:17-Sep. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Beaches & Nature Parks; Forestry; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Dewidar, KH .M . 2002. Landfill detection in Hurghada, North Red Sea, Egypt, using thematic mapper images. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23:939-948. 2002 Egypt GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Hotel & Food Services; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation
Germano, J. D., C. A. Reid, P. G. D. Whiteside, and R. Kennish. 2002. Field verification of computer models predicting plume dispersion in Hong Kong. Pages 859-873 in Dredging, Key Technologies for Global Prosperity. 2002 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Sediment
Inoue, N., H. Sekiguchi, and H. Misaki. 2002. Pueruli of Panulirus longipes bispinosus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palinuridae) stranded on the beach of Kuroshima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. Fisheries Science 68:332-340. 2002 Japan Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Jackson, L. A. and W. P. Hornsey. 2002. Engineering an artificial reef. Geotechnical Fabrics Report 20:18-25. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes
Jedoui, Y., E. Davaud, H. B. Ismail, and J.-L. Reyss. 2002. Sedimentological analysis of marine Pleistocene deposits of southeastern Tunisia: Evidence of two positive eustatic pulsations during the marine isotopic substage 5e (Eemian, Tyrrhenian) [Analyse sedimentologique des depots marins pleistocenes du Sud. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 173:255-264. 2002 Beaches & Nature Parks; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Norcross, Z. M., C. H. Fletcher, and M. Merrifield. 2002. Annual and interannual changes on a reef-fringed pocket beach: Kailua Bay, Hawaii. Marine Geology 190:553-580. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Paskoff, R. 2002. Sea level rise: The myths and the reality [L'elevation du niveau de la mer: Le mythe et la realite]. Acta Geographica 132:65-71. 2002 Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Restall, S. J., L. A. Jackson, G. Heerten, and W. P. Hornsey. 2002. Case studies showing the growth and development of geotextile sand containers: An Australian perspective. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20:321-342. 2002 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Schwartz, S. E. 2002. Challenges in EPA's coastal and ocean programs. Sea Technology 43:33-37. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Taylor, K. 2002. Should sand dumping be allowed? The proposed use of New Plymouth's Foreshore as an inshore disposal site. New Zealand Journal of Geography 114:17-27. 2002 Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Tourism & Recreation
Urbanc, M. 2002. Zanzibar - The slave and spice island [Zanzibar - otok sužnjev in začimb]. Geografski Obzornik 49:14-Sep. 2002 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Beaches & Nature Parks
De Grave, S. and D. K. A. Barnes. 2001. Ecology of tropical hermit crabs (Crustacea Decapoda) at Quirimba Island, Mozambique: A multivariate assemblage perspective. Tropical Zoology 14:197-209. 2001 Mozambique Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Ghazanfar, S. A., G. Keppel, and S. Khan. 2001. Coastal vegetation of small islands near Viti Levu and Ovalau, Fiji. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39:587-600. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Substrate
Munoz-Perez, J. J., B. Lopez De San Roman-Blanco, J. M. Gutierrez-Mas, L. Moreno, and G. J. Cuena. 2001. Cost of beach maintenance in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Coastal Engineering 42:143-153. 2001 Spain Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Mylroie, J. E., J. W. Jenson, D. Taborosi, J. M. U. Jocson, D. T. Vann, and C. Wexel. 2001. Karst features of Guam in terms of a general model of carbonate island karst. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 63:22-Sep. 2001 Guam Field Study & Monitoring; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nogueira, J. M. M., T. M. Steiner, and A. C. Z. Amaral. 2001. Descriptions of two new species of eunice cuvier, 1817 (Polyhaeta: Eunicidae)from coastal islands of the state of sãoPaulo, Brazil. Scientia Marina 65:47-57. 2001 Beaches & Nature Parks
Sam Smith, A. W. 2001. Discussion of: Munoz-Perez, J.J.; Tejedor, L., and Medina, R., 1999. Equilibrium beach profile model for reef protected beaches. Journal of Coastal Research, 15(4), 950-957. Journal of Coastal Research 17:241-242. 2001 Model Beaches & Nature Parks
Santos, C. S. G. and P. C. Lana. 2001. Nereididae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the northeastern coast of the Brazil. II. Genera Namalycastis, Ceratocephale, Laeonereis and Rullierinereis [Nereididae (Annelida, Polychaeta) da costa nordeste do Brasil. II. Generos Namalycastis, Ceratocephale, L. Pages 137-149 Iheringia - Serie Zoologia. 2001 Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Worms
Barron, M.G., E.E. Little, R. Calfee, and S. Diamond. 2000. Quantifying Solar Spectral Irradiance in Aquatic Habitats for the Assessment of Photoenhanced Toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19:920-925. 2000 Beaches & Nature Parks; Light; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Boak, L., J. McGrath, and L. A. Jackson. 2000. IENCE - A case study - The northern gold coast beach protection strategy. Pages 3710-3717 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. 2000 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Infrastructure; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Charlier, R. H. and C. P. De Meyer. 2000. Ask nature to protect and build-up beaches. Journal of Coastal Research 16:385-390. 2000 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hotel & Food Services; Storms & Hurricanes
Cotsapas, L., S. A. Zengel, and E. J. Barraza. 2000. El Salvador. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 545-558. 2000 Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. 2000 Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fleming, C. and B. Hamer. 2000. Successful implementation of an offshore reef scheme. Pages 1813-1820 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. 2000 United Kingdom Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Fish
Gell, F. and M. Watson. 2000. UK overseas territories in the northeast Caribbean: Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 615-626. 2000 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean; United Kingdom Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Guard, M., A. J. Mmochi, and C. Horrill. 2000. Tanzania. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 83-98. 2000 Tanzania Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Ibrahim, Z. Z., A. Arshad, L. S. Chong, J. S. Bujang, L. A. Theem, N. M. R. Abdullah, and M. M. Marghany. 2000. East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 345-359. 2000 Malaysia; China Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jeng, W.-L., C.-F. Dai, and K.-L. Fan. 2000. Taiwan Strait. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 499-512. 2000 China; Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Larson, M. and N. C. Kraus. 2000. Representation of non-erodible (hard) bottoms in beach profile change modeling. Journal of Coastal Research 16:14-Jan. 2000 Lab Study; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Maragos, J. E. 2000. Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 791-812. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Pathogens; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Marrugo-Gonzalez, A. J., R. Fernandez-Maestre, and A. A. Alm. 2000. The Pacific coast of Colombia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 677-686. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
O'Hara, T. D. 2000. Victoria province, Australia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 661-671. 2000 Australia; Europe Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands
Penchaszadeh, P. E., C. A. Leon, H. Alvarez, D. Bone, P. Castellano, M. M. Castillo, Y. Diaz, M. P. Garcia, M. Lemus, F. Losada, A. Martin, P. Miloslavich, C. Paredes, D. Perez, M. Sebastiani, D. Stecconi, V. Roa, and A. Villamizar. 2000. Venezuela. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 643-661. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Venezuela; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Bivalves; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Molluscs; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Quod, J.-P., O. Naim, and F. Abdourazi. 2000. The Comoros archipelago. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 243-252. 2000 Global; Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Comoros; Mayotte; India Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment
Richardson, B. J., P. K. S. Lam, and R. S. S. Wu. 2000. Hong Kong. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 535-547. 2000 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Sanders, D. and R. Hofling. 2000. Carbonate deposition in mixed siliclastic-carbonate environments on top of an orogenic wedge (Late Cretaceous, Northern Calcareous Alp, Austria). Sedimentary Geology 137:127-146. 2000 Beaches & Nature Parks; Bivalves; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sanderson, P. G., I. Eliot, B. Hegge, and S. Maxwell. 2000. Regional variation of coastal morphology in southwestern Australia: A synthesis. Geomorphology 34:73-88. 2000 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Tepsongkoh, P. 2000. Geoecology of Karst Topography in southern Thailand. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 122:247-272. 2000 Thailand; China Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Vierros, M. 2000. Jamaica. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 559-574. 2000 Jamaica Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Vuki, V. C., S. Appana, M. R. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. Vanuatu. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 737-749. 2000 Vanuatu Review; Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies
Wilson, S. C. 2000. Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 17-33. 2000 India; United Arab Emirates; Iran; Oman Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Wilson, S. C. and R. Klaus. 2000. The Gulf of Aden. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 47-61. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; India; Djibouti Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
[No author name available]. 1999. Proceedings of the Sand Rights'99. Bringing back the beaches. in Sand Rights 1999 Bringing Back the Beaches. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Security Policies; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aubanel, A., N. Marquet, J. M. Colombani, and B. Salvat. 1999. Modifications of the shore line in the Society islands (French Polynesia). Ocean and Coastal Management 42:419-438. 1999 Beaches & Nature Parks; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cruickshank Michael, J. and JU N Dai. 1999. Progress in beach maintenance efforts for the State of Hawaii. Pages 277-283 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering
Cruickshank, M. J. 1999. Development of aggregate resources in Pacific tropical islands. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:101. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Diamant, A., A. Banet, I. Paperna, H. V. Westernhagen, K. Broeg, G. Kruener, W. Koerting, and S. Zander. 1999. The use of fish metabolic, pathological and parasitological indices in pollution monitoring II. The Red Sea and Mediterranean. Helgoland Marine Research 53:195-208. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Fox, J. CH AR LE S. 1999. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems. Sea Technology 40:53-56. 1999 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Industry
Hampton, M. A., M. E. Torresan, F. L. Wong, and C. S. Frazee. 1999. Possible sand resources on the reef front around Oahu. Page 221 in Sand Rights 1999 Bringing Back the Beaches. 1999 Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Lindeman, K. C. and D. B. Snyder. 1999. Nearshore hardbottom fishes of southeast Florida and effects of habitat burial caused by dredging. Fishery Bulletin 97:508-525. 1999 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Munoz-Perez, J. J., L. Tejedor, and R. Medina. 1999. Equilibrium beach profile model for reef-protected beaches. Journal of Coastal Research 15:950-957. 1999 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nansingh, P. and S. Jurawan. 1999. Environmental sensitivity of a tropical coastline (Trinidad, West Indies) to oil spills. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 5:161-172. 1999 South & Central America; Trinidad; Caribbean Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills
Ochieng, C. A. and P. L. A. Erftemeijer. 1999. Accumulation of seagrass beach cast along the Kenyan coast: A quantitative assessment. Aquatic Botany 65:221-238. 1999 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Fleshy Macroalgae; Littering; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Shackley, M. 1999. Tourism development and environmental protection in southern Sinai. Tourism Management 20:543-548. 1999 Egypt Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Bobba, A. G. 1998. Application of a numerical model to predict freshwater depth in Islands due to climate change: Agatti Island, India. Journal of Environmental Hydrology 6. 1998 Global; India Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cortes, J., A. C. Fonseca, M. Barrantes, and P. Denyer. 1998. Type, distribution, and origin of sediments of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge, Limon, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 46:251-256. 1998 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Molluscs; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goodman-Lowe, G. D. 1998. Diet of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands during 1991 to 1994. Marine Biology 132:535-546. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octopus & Squid
Nakamura, SA TO SH I and NI CH OL AS Dodd. 1998. Numerical model of low frequency wave motion on a beach and over reefs. Pages 166-180 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis. 1998 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Paskoff, R. 1998. Possible consequences on coastal environments of the foreseeable sea level rise of the coming decades [Consequences possibles sur les milieux littoraux de l'elevation du niveau de la mer prevue pour les prochaines decennies]. Annales de Geographie 600:233-248. 1998 Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Smith, J. M. B. and T. P. Bayliss-Smith. 1998. Kelp-plucking: Coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp Durvillaea antarctica at subantarctic Macquarie Island. Antarctic Science 10:431-438. 1998 Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes
Yamanouchi, H. 1998. Sandy sediment distribution on coral reefs and beaches at several islands of the Ryukyu Island Arc. Geographical Review of Japan, Series B 71:72-82. 1998 Beaches & Nature Parks; Seawater Flow; Sediment
Zea, S., J. Geister, J. Garzon-Ferreira, and J. M. Diaz. 1998. Biotic changes in the reef complex of San Andres Island (Southwestern Caribbean Sea, Colombia) occurring over nearly three decades. Atoll Research Bulletin 30-Jan. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Cruickshank, M. J. and C. L. Morgan. 1997. Environmental impact of coastal sand utilization in a small Pacific island nation. Page 8344 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Tonga Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Sediment
Fitzsimmons, N. N., C. J. Limpus, J. A. Norman, A. R. Goldizen, J. D. Miller, and C. Moritz. 1997. Philopatry of male marine turtles inferred from mitochondrial DNA markers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94:8912-8917. 1997 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Sea Turtles
Jenson, J. W., J. M. Jocson, and H. G. Siegrist. 1997. Groundwater discharge styles from an uplifted Pleistocene island karst aquifer, Guam, Mariana Islands. Pages 15-19 in The engineering geology and hydrogeology of karst terranes. Proc. 6th multidisciplinary conference, Springfield, 1997. 1997 Guam Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Singh, B. 1997. Climate-related global changes in the southern Caribbean: Trinidad and Tobago. Global and Planetary Change 15:93-111. 1997 Global; South & Central America; Trinidad; Tobago; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
van Gent Marcel, R. A. 1997. Numerical modelling of wave interaction with dynamically stable structures. Pages 1930-1943 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1997 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection
White, A. T., V. Barker, and G. Tantrigama. 1997. Using integrated coastal management and economics to conserve coastal tourism resources in sri lanka. Ambio 26:335-344. 1997 Sri Lanka Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation
[No author name available]. 1996. Guidelines for integrated coastal zone management. Guidelines for integrated coastal zone management. 1996 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing Sector; Wetlands
Cortes, J. and C. E. Jimenez. 1996. Coastal-marine environments of Parque Nacional Corcovado, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44:35-40. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica Beaches & Nature Parks; Stony Coral
CPTAS,. 1996. Coastal Protection Technical Assistance Service on-line library. Coastal Protection Technical Assistance Service on-line library. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Csaszar, G. and D. Turnsek. 1996. Vestiges of atoll-like formations in the Lower Cretaceous of the Mecsek Mountains, Hungary. Cretaceous Research 17:419-442. 1996 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dye, T. S. and W. R. Dickinson. 1996. Sources of sand tempers in prehistoric Tongan pottery. Geoarchaeology - An International Journal 11:141-164. 1996 Fiji; Tonga Beaches & Nature Parks
Hegge, B., I. Eliot, and J. Hsu. 1996. Sheltered sandy beaches of Southwestern Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 12:748-760. 1996 Australia Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Martin, J. M., J. C. Braga, C. Betzler, and T. Brachert. 1996. Sedimentary model and high-frequency cyclicity in a Mediterranean, shallow-shelf, temperate-carbonate environment (uppermost Miocene, Agua Amarga Basin, Southern Spain). Sedimentology 43:263-277. 1996 Spain Model Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Pearce, F. 1996. Crumbling away: is dredging the villain in the drama of Britain's eroding coasts? New Scientist 152:14-15. 1996 Britain Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Shauri, V. D. 1996. Disappearing beaches: Dar es Salaam. Splash 12:7-Jun. 1996 Beaches & Nature Parks
Smith, J. M. B. 1996. Notes on coral-trees (Erythrina) in Australia with particular reference to E. crista-galli L. in New South Wales. Australian Geographical Studies 34:225-236. 1996 South & Central America; Australia Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Invasive Species
Stanton, H. J. 1996. The marlboro man on coral beaches. Tobacco Control 5:8-Jul. 1996 Beaches & Nature Parks
Verschelde, D. and M. Vincx. 1996. Four new species of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) from Kenya. Zoologica Scripta 25:20-Jan. 1996 Kenya Beaches & Nature Parks
Boon John, D., JE FF RE Y Claassen, and F. Pieters Renaldo. 1995. Environmentally responsive artificial beach design, Curacao, Netherlands antilles. Pages 17-18 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Antilles Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Gourbault, N. E., R. M. Warwick, and M. N. Helleouet. 1995. A survey of intertidal meiobenthos (especially Nematoda) in coral sandy beaches of Moorea (French Polynesia). Bulletin of Marine Science 57:476-488. 1995 Beaches & Nature Parks
Hesp, P. A. 1995. The Environmental Impact Assessment process in Singapore with particular respect to coastal environments and the role of NGOs. Journal of Coastal Conservation 1:135-144. 1995 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Maragos, J. E. and C. W. Cook Jr. 1995. The 1991-1992 rapid ecological assessment of Palau's coral reefs. Coral Reefs 14:237-252. 1995 Palau Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Sano, S.-i. 1995. Litho- and biofacies of Early Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonate sediments in northeastern Japan. Sedimentary Geology 99:179-189. 1995 Japan Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Smith, A. W. and L. A. Jackson. 1995. The development and impact of harmonic reformed \Miche' wavelets upon a natural beach". Journal of Coastal Research 11:1346-1353. 1995 Australia Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Strasser, A., H. Arnaud, F. Baudin, and U. Rohl. 1995. Small-scale shallow-water carbonate sequences of Resolution Guyot (Sites 866, 867, and 868). Pages 119-131 in Proc., scientific results, ODP, Leg 143, northwest Pacific atolls and guyots. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Sulaiman Dede, M., SH IG EA KI Tsutsui, HI RO SH I Yoshioka, TA KA O Yamashita, SH IN IC HI Oshiro, and YO SH IT O Tsuchiya. 1995. Prediction of the maximum wave on the coral flat. Pages 609-623 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1995 Indonesia Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection
Syamsudin Abdul, R., YO SH IT O Tsuchiya, and TA KA O Yamashita. 1995. Beach erosion in Kuta beach, Bali and its stabilization. Pages 2683-2697 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1995 Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Land & Air Transportation; Sediment
Benson, L. 1994. Carbonate deposition, Pyramid Lake subbasin, Nevada: 1. Sequence of formation and elevational distribution of carbonate deposits (Tufas). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 109:55-87. 1994 Beaches & Nature Parks; Substrate
Maragos, J. E. 1994. Description of reefs and corals for the 1988 protected area survey of the northern Marshall Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 1994 Marshall Islands Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Spivak, E., K. Anger, T. Luppi, C. Bas, and D. Ismael. 1994. Distribution and habitat preferences of two grapsid crab species in Mar Chiquita Lagoon (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 48:59-78. 1994 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Salinity; Sediment
Wang, W., S. Wu, and D. Xia. 1994. The erosional process of the soft shore of China in the recent decades. Chinese Geographical Science 4:106-118. 1994 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Chavez, ER NE ST O and JO HN Tunnell. 1993. Needs for management and conservation of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 2040-2053 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 South & Central America; Mexico Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Gallagher Charmaine, MA RI E and J. Lee Donna. 1993. Economic contribution to marine park management for Hanauma Bay, Hawaii. Pages 142-155 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Goudie, A. 1993. Human influence in geomorphology. Geomorphology 7:37-59. 1993 Global Remote Sensing Beaches & Nature Parks; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Maul, G. A. 1993. Implications of future climate on the ecosystems and socio-economic structure in the marine and coastal regions of the intra-Americas sea. Pages 28-Mar Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 Global; South & Central America; Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Pirazzoli, P. A. 1993. Coasts: their evolution [Les littoraux: leur evolution]. (Coasts: their evolution. 1993 Global Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Smith Ernest, R. and C. Kraus Nicholas. 1993. Laboratory study of wave transformation on barred beach profiles. Pages 630-643 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1993 Lab Study Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection
Boc Jr. Stanley, J., J. Reynold William, and M. Dobinchick Jasmina. 1992. Coastal processes and engineering on a micronesian fringing reef. Pages 285-302 in [No source information available]. 1992 Micronesia Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation; Mitigation; Sediment
El-Sadek, S. and B. Mabrouk. 1992. Tourism development and desalination systems: Comparative analysis of systems' suitability for coastal areas of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. Desalination 88:161-177. 1992 Egypt Beaches & Nature Parks; Drinking Water Supply; Infrastructure; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hendrickx, M. E. 1992. Distribution and zoogeographic affinities of decapod crustaceans of the Gulf of California, Mexico. in Proceedings - San Diego Society of Natural History. 1992 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Herberts, J. C., M. K. Fries, and A. B. Archer. 1992. Barbados keeps beaches clean and traffic flowing. WATER QUALITY INTERNATIONAL 2:26-27. 1992 Beaches & Nature Parks; Improved Technology; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Preu, C. and C. Englebrecht. 1992. Patterns and processes shaping the present morphodynamics of coral reef islands. Case studies from North-Male, Maldives (Indian Ocean). Erdkundliches Wissen 105:209-220. 1992 Indian Ocean; Maldives; India Beaches & Nature Parks; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Sheppard, C., A. Price, and C. Roberts. 1992. Marine ecology of the Arabian region: patterns and processes in extreme tropical environments. Marine ecology of the Arabian region: patterns and processes in extreme tropical environments. 1992 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Substrate
van Genderen, J. L., R. A. van Zuidam, and S. GO NZ AL ES Fager. 1992. Environmental information systems for coastal zone management in developing countries. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:647-656. 1992 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Hamaguchi, TA TS UO, TA KA AK I Uda, CH IK AR A Inoue, and AK IR A Igarashi. 1991. Field experiment on wave-dissipating effect of artificial reefs on the Niigata Coast. Coastal Engineering Journal 34:50-65. 1991 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Paw, J. N. and T.-E. Chua. 1991. Managing coastal resources in Cilacap, Indonesia, and Lingayen Gulf, Philippines - an ASEAN initiative. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:779-783. 1991 Java; Indonesia; Philippines Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sullivan, P. K. and V. Dayananda. 1991. Engineering management considerations in coastal development. Page 1430 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients
Tiffin, D. L. 1991. Marine mineral development activities within the SOPAC region. Page 1474 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Monetary Valuation
Burskens, H. 1990. Tourism on Barbados. Development and effects on a small island state [Der Tourismus auf Barbados. Entwicklung und Auswirkungen in einem kleinen Inselstaat]. Geographische Rundschau 42:27-31. 1990 South & Central America; Caribbean; Britain Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Tourism & Recreation
Kazmer, M. 1990. Birth, life and death of the Pannonian Lake. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 79:171-188. 1990 Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Molluscs; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smith, J. M. B., H. Heatwole, M. Jones, and B. M. Waterhouse. 1990. Drift disseminules on cays of the Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Biogeography 17:17-May. 1990 Australia; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji Beaches & Nature Parks
Titus, J. G. 1990. Greenhouse effect, sea level rise and land use. Land Use Policy 7:138-153. 1990 Global Beaches & Nature Parks; Water Depth & Sea Level
Viles, H. A. 1990. Coastal geomorphology into the 1990s. Progress in Physical Geography 14:238-250. 1990 Global Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Domros, M. 1989. The attraction potential for tourism and its organisation on the Maldives [Attraktivitatspotential und Organisationsphanomene des Fremdenverkehrs auf den Maldiven]. Erde 120:35-45. 1989 Maldives Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Tourism & Recreation
Viles, H. A. 1989. The greenhouse effect, sea-level rise and coastal geomorphology. Progress in Physical Geography 13:452-461. 1989 Beaches & Nature Parks
Zale, A. V. and S. G. Merrifield. 1989. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (south Florida) - reef-building tube worm. Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service 82. 1989 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Substrate
[No author name available]. 1988. Stemming the tide on the Wirral. OFFSHORE RES. FOCUS 67:-4. 1988 Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Bird, E. C. F. 1988. Physiographic indications of a sea-level rise. Pages 60-73 Greenhouse: planning for climate change. 1988 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate
Gyuris, E. and C. J. Limpus. 1988. The loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, in Queensland: population breeding structure. Australian Wildlife Research 15:197-209. 1988 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles
Karisiddaiah, S. M., M. Veerayya, and M. V. S. Guptha. 1988. Texture, carbonate content and component composition of Mauritius beach sands, Indian Ocean. Journal of Coastal Research 4:465-474. 1988 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; India Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Viles, H. A. 1988. Coastal landforms: human activity, geomorphology and ecology in the coastal zone. Progress in Physical Geography 12:293-301. 1988 Review Beaches & Nature Parks
Gable, F. 1987. Changing climate and Caribbean coastlines. Oceanus 30:53-56. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Wetlands
Morelock, JA CK. 1987. Beach Sand Budget For Western Puerto Rico. Pages 1333-1345 in [No source information available]. 1987 Puerto Rico Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Preu, C. 1987. Coastline changes in Sri Lanka: man as a regulating factor in the make-up of processes of coastal erosion [Kustenveranderung in Sri Lanka: der Mensch als Steuerungsfaktor im Prozessgefuge der Kustenabrasion]. Berliner Geographische Studien 25:119-132. 1987 Sri Lanka Beaches & Nature Parks; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sando, W. J. and C. A. Sandberg. 1987. New interpretations of Paleozoic stratigraphy and history in the northern Laramie Range and vicinity, southeast Wyoming ( USA). US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1450. 1987 Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Uthoff, D. 1987. Man-induced coastal disturbance on the 'dream beachs' of Sri Lanka: causes and consequences [Anthropogen induzierte Kustenzerstorung an den 'Traumstranden' Sri Lankas: Ursachen und Folgen]. Berliner Geographische Studien 25:403-419. 1987 Sri Lanka Beaches & Nature Parks; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Varma, M. M. and J. Alfaro. 1987. Coastal water quality and its effect on beach erosion: A case study. Journal of Environmental Systems 17. 1987 Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Shoreline Protection; Wastewater Discharge
Galli, G. 1986. Facies analysis of a Devonian carbonate shoreline system (northern Italy). Sedimentary Geology 46:91-110. 1986 Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Harmelin-Vivien, M. L. and P. Laboute. 1986. Catastrophic impact of hurricanes on atoll outer reef slopes in the Tuamotu (French Polynesia). Coral Reefs 5:55-62. 1986 Cuba Beaches & Nature Parks; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Johnson, R. G. and J. T. Andrews. 1986. Glacial terminations in the oxygen isotope record of deep sea cores: hypothesis of massive Antarctic ice-shelf destruction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 53:107-138. 1986 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Beaches & Nature Parks
Tsuchiya, Y., I. Shibano, T. Yamashita, T. Shirai, and A. Yamamoto. 1986. Beach processes and their control in Itoigawa coast, Niigata [Beach processes and their control in Itoigawa coast, Niigata]. Annuals - Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University 29:727-762. 1986 Japan Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Alexander, C. S. 1985. Tanzania. in [No source information available]. 1985 Tanzania Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Battistini, R. 1985. Indian Ocean islands. in [No source information available]. 1985 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; Maldives; India Beaches & Nature Parks
Bird, E. C. F. 1985. Cuba. in [No source information available]. 1985 Cuba Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Bird, E. C. F. 1985. Philippines. in [No source information available]. 1985 Philippines Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Campbell, J. F. and R. Moberly. 1985. Hawaii. in [No source information available]. 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks
Chen, J., C. Liu, and Z. Yu. 1985. China. in [No source information available]. 1985 China; Taiwan Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dengo, G. 1985. Caribbean Central America. in [No source information available]. 1985 South & Central America; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Domroes, M. 1985. Tourism resources and their development in Maldive Islands. GeoJournal 10:119-126. 1985 Maldives; Europe Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Drew, K. S. 1985. United Arab Emirates. in [No source information available]. 1985 United Arab Emirates Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Eisma, D. 1985. Vietnam. in [No source information available]. 1985 Vietnam Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Galloway, R. W. 1985. Northern Territory. in [No source information available]. 1985 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jones, E. B. 1985. Jamaica. in [No source information available]. 1985 Jamaica Beaches & Nature Parks; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Koike, K. 1985. Japan. in [No source information available]. 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Beaches & Nature Parks; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mallik, T. K. 1985. An analysis of problems related to dredging in a coral atoll: Kavaratti, Lakshadweep, Indian Ocean. Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 7:151-157. 1985 Indian Ocean; India; Fiji Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcareous Macroalgae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Molluscs; Ports & Harbors; Sediment
Pitman, J. I. 1985. Thailand. in [No source information available]. 1985 Thailand Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Salm, R. V. 1985. Integrating marine conservation and tourism. International Journal of Environmental Studies, Section A 25:229-238. 1985 Indonesia Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation
Swan, B. 1985. Sri Lanka. in [No source information available]. 1985 Sri Lanka Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Woods, P. J., M. J. Webb, and I. G. Eliot. 1985. Western Australia. in [No source information available]. 1985 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Ansell, A. D. 1984. The beach at Qurm. NERC Newsjournal 3:10-Aug. 1984 Beaches & Nature Parks; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves
Bird, E. C. F. 1984. Coasts: an introduction to coastal geomorphology. Third edition. Coasts: an introduction to coastal geomorphology. Third edition. 1984 Beaches & Nature Parks
Campbell Thomas, J. and KI M Beachler. 1984. Engineering For Beach Restoration Dredging. Pages 1014-1023 in [No source information available]. 1984 Florida Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Dicks, B. 1984. Oil pollution in the Red Sea - Environmental monitoring of an oilfield in a coral area, Gulf of Suez. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. 1984 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Eisenberg, W. SA M. 1984. Tampa Harbor Florida Deepening Project. Pages 973-979 in [No source information available]. 1984 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors
Wellington, G. M. 1984. Marine environment and protection. Pages 247-263 Key environments: Galapagos. 1984 Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Welsh, N. 1984. Saving the beaches at New Brighton. CONSTR. NEWS 5892:1984. 1984 Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Dicks, BR IA N. 1983. OIL POLLUTION IN THE RED SEA - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF AN OILFIELD IN A CORAL AREA, GULF OF SUEZ. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. 1983 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment
Finn, D. 1983. Land use and abuse in the East African region. Ambio 12:296-301. 1983 Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Schroeder, J. H. 1983. (The fringing reefs of Port Sudan, Sudan: II. Threats - protection - development aid). [Die Saumriffe von Port Sudan, Sudan: II. Gefahrdung - Schutz - Entwicklungshilfe.]. Essener Geographische Arbeiten 6:45-57. 1983 Sudan Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Tourism & Recreation
Johnson, A. M., R. L. Delong, C. H. Fiscus, and K. W. Kenyon. 1982. Population status of the Hawaiian monk seal ( Monachus schauinslandi), 1978. Journal of Mammalogy 63:415-421. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks
Montaggioni, L. F. 1982. Pleistocene marine depositionalenvironments from Mauritius island, Indian Ocean. Geobios 15:161-179. 1982 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; India Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Octocoral; Sediment; Tunicates
Murray, S. P., S. A. Hsu, H. H. Roberts, E. H. Owens, and R. L. Crout. 1982. Physical processes and sedimentation on a broad, shallow bank. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 14. 1982 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Nicaragua; Caribbean Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Okude, T. and S. Matsumoto. 1982. Development of removal system for spilt oil sticking to beaches and coastal structures. REPORT PORT & HARBOUR RES. INST., JAPAN 21:-315. 1982 Beaches & Nature Parks
Turner, C. C. and J. Ridgway. 1982. Tholeiitic, calc-alkaline and (?)alkaline igneous rocks of the Shortland Islands, Solomon Islands. Tectonophysics 87:335-354. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii; Solomon Islands; Britain; Iceland Beaches & Nature Parks; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bryceson, I. 1981. A review of some problems of tropical marine conservation with particular reference to the Tanzanian coast. Biological Conservation 20:163-171. 1981 Tanzania Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Burel, T., A. Klingebiel, and G. Vernette. 1981. (Indices of an emerged shore line in the Cartagena region Columbia). [Indice d'une ligne de rivage emergee dans la region de Cartagena (Colombie).]. Bulletin, Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 29:161-166. 1981 Columbia Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Water Depth & Sea Level
Leonard, J. E., B. Cameron, O. H. Pilkey, and G. M. Friedman. 1981. Evaluation of cold-water carbonates as a possible paleoclimatic indicator. Sedimentary Geology 28:28-Jan. 1981 Model; Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Sediment
Mezaki, S. 1981. A review on the geomorphic changes of coral reefs. Transactions Japanese Geomorphological Union 2:125-130. 1981 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes
Catling, P. S. 1980. First New World tourist resort. Geographical Magazine 52:770-773. 1980 Bahamas Beaches & Nature Parks; Hotel & Food Services; Land & Air Transportation; Tourism & Recreation
Courtenay Jr, W. R., B. C. Hartig, and G. R. Loisel. 1980. Ecological evaluation of a beach nourishment project at Hallandale ( Broward County), Florida. Volume I. Evaluation of fish populations adjacent to borrow areas of beach nourishment project, Hallandale (Broward County), Florida ( USA). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Dept of Biological Sciences, Miscellaneous Report. 1980 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Sediment; Substrate
Hempel, L. 1980. (The development of sand- dune generation on shallow coasts. Observations on the North Sea Islands of Wangerooge and Spiekeroog) . [Zur Genese von Dunengenerationen an Flachkusten. Beobachtungen auf den Nordseeinseln Wangerooge und Spiekeroog.]. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 24:428-447. 1980 Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes
Lesueur, P. 1980. (Dynamic aspects of sedimentation in the Bay of Cartagena, Columbia) ( coasts). [Aspects dynamiques de la sedimentation dans la Baie de Cartagena, Colombie.]. Bulletin, Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 28:143-166. 1980 Columbia Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment
Spadoni, RI CH AR D and TH OM AS Campbell. 1980. Coral Reef Protection During Beach Restoration In Florida. Pages 152-159 in Proceedings of SOUTHEASTCON Region 3 Conference. 1980 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Back, W., B. B. Hanshaw, T. E. Pyle, L. N. Plummer, and A. E. Weidie. 1979. Geochemical significance of groundwater discharge and carbonate solution to the formation of Caleta Xel Ha, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Water Resources Research 15:1521-1535. 1979 South & Central America; Mexico Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bird, J. B., A. Richards, and P. P. Wong. 1979. Coastal subsystems of western Barbados, West Indies. Geografiska Annaler, Series A 61:221-236. 1979 Beaches & Nature Parks
Lesueur, P. and G. Vernette. 1979. (Sedimentological study of an erosional process on a ( coral bank) beach of the Cartagena Bay, Colombia). [Approche sedimentologique d'un probleme d'erosion de plage dans la baie de Cartagena (Colombie).]. Bulletin de l'Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 26:53-68. 1979 Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Sleeter, T. D., J. N. Butler, and J. E. Barbash. 1979. Hydrocarbons in sediments from the edge of the Bermuda platform. Pages 615-620 in Proc 1979 oil spill conference (prevention, behavior, control, cleanup), Los Angeles, Cal. March 1979, (American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, Publication 4308). 1979 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Spadoni, R. H. 1979. Reef monitoring of the Delray Beach Erosion Project. SHORE & BEACH 47:-12. 1979 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Bird, E. C. F. 1978. The nature and source of beach materials on the Australian coast. Pages 144-157 Landform evolution in Australasia. 1978 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mushala, H. M. 1978. Coastal processes along Kunduchi beach ( Tamzania). Journal Geographical Association of Tanzania 17:41-73. 1978 Tanzania Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Swanson Gerald, C., L. Seymour John, and B. Ditton Robert. 1978. Alternative Perspective On Common Property Resource Allocation Decisions In The Coastal Zone. Coastal Zone Management Journal 4:25-45. 1978 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Wetlands
Vandenbossche, D. J. 1978. Artificial islands off the Belgian coast. in [No source information available]. 1978 Review Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks
DeWall, A. E. and J. J. Richter. 1977. Beach and neashore processes in southeastern Florida. in [No source information available]. 1977 Florida; Bahamas Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Abele, L. G. 1976. Comparative species composition and relative abundance of decapod crustaceans in marine habitats of Panama. Marine Biology 38:263-278. 1976 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama; Caribbean Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Stony Coral
Thomassin, B. A., M.-H. Vivier, and P. Vitiello. 1976. Distribution de la meiofaune et de la macrofaune des sables coralliens de la retenue d'eau epirecifale du grand recif de tulear (Madagascar). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 22:31-53. 1976 US Pacific & Hawaii; Bermuda; Madagascar Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Worms; Sediment
Carlton, J. M. 1974. Land-building and stabilization by mangroves. Environmental Conservation 1:285-294. 1974 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Housing; Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Substrate
HUDDELL, H. D., J. C. WILLET, and G. MARCHAND. 1974. Nearshore Currents And Coral Reef Ecology Of The West Coast Of Guam, Mariana Islands. in [No source information available]. 1974 Guam Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Military; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies
Barnes, E. S. 1973. Sewage pollution from tourist hotels in Jamaica. Marine Pollution Bulletin 4:102-105. 1973 Jamaica Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
GERRITSEN, F. 1972. Hawaiian Beaches. in PROC. 13TH COASTAL ENGNG. CONF. (VANCOUVER). 1972 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation
Gundersen, K. and P. Bienfang. 1972. Thermal Pollution: Use Of Deep, Cold, Nutrient Rich Sea Water For Power Plant Cooling And Subsequent Aquaculture In Hawaii [Marine Pollution And Sea Life]. Pages 513-516 FISHING NEWS. 1972 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Light; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Feuillee, P. 1971. Les calcaires biogeniques de l'Albien et du Cenomanien pyreneo-cantabrique: Problemes d'environnement sedimentaire. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 9:277-311. 1971 Oman Model Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Kaufmann, R. and K.-J. Gotting. 1970. Prosobranchia from the littoral of the Caribbean coast of Colombia [Prosobranchia aus dem Litoral der karibischen Kuste Kolumbiens]. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 21:333-398. 1970 South & Central America; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks
Bird, E. C. F. Southern Arabia. in [No source information available]. Indian Ocean; India; Oman Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Deane, C. A. W. Lesser Antilles: Virgin Islands to Trinidad. in [No source information available]. US Virgin Islands; Antilles; Trinidad Beaches & Nature Parks
Morelock, J. and J. V. A. Trumbull. Puerto Rico. in [No source information available]. Puerto Rico Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Schwartz, M. L. Caribbean Colombia. in [No source information available]. South & Central America; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Wu, H. J., C. L. Abernethy, N. V. Lawson, Junn-Ling Chao, G. W. Montgomerie, P. E. Dexter, A. W. Smith, A. H. Lucas, P. G. Anderson, D. N. Foster, A. D. Gordon, R. A. Grace, and P. V. Hennessy. Engineering Dynamics Of The Coastal Zone. in [No source information available]. US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Pipelines

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Continued Staff Training It is important that staff be properly educated and trained to perform their designated tasks, but it is equally important to keep staff familiar with applicable agency directive and regulation through training and communication. Some strategies for this include information technology-based reference and guidance, regularly scheduled meetings (#210), and through in-service trainings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Conduct Staff Meetings Several types of staff meetings should be regularly scheduled to fulfill a variety of purposes. Management meetings are necessary to address administrative policy matters. Internal staff meetings should be conducted to ensure necessary information is communicated among staff as to any changes, concerns, or developments. Meetings are an opportunity to review the sanctuary management plan (#213) and standard operating procedures (#208). External collaborators should be involved in meetings when an issue is being discussed that the collaborator is involved in, such as when standard operating procedures are being developed across agencies. Meetings can also be used as important staff training sessions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Wayside Exhibits/Signs Creating wayside exhibits is an easy way to inform the public about sanctuary resources, policies, and boundaries. Wayside exhibits can be signs displayed at popular fishing and recreation areas. Coordination and collaboration among local, state, and federal agencies is essential to ensure there is not duplication in efforts, over-signage, and that consistent information is provided. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management
Environmental Education: Deliver Non-Enforcement Resource Eductaion at the Resource Site Voluntary compliance (#50) is the most desirable form of site protection. Lack of compliance often occurs unintentionally, due to a lack of knowledge and understanding. Law enforcement plays a role by ensuring rules are appropriately followed, but often the preventative component of this enforcement becomes secondary, especially on high use days/areas. Volunteers can assist by answering questions and talking to people recreating about the reef, reef resources, and how to appropriately recreate. Volunteers can watch to ensure people are acting appropriately, that boaters do not go too close to shallow reefs, and that groundings do not occur. Programs such as Team OCEAN have contributed over 15,000 hours to such activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrate Harvest; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Social Organizations; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Marine Zoning: Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) Wildlife Management Areas include bird nesting, resting, or feeding areas, turtle nesting beaches, and other sensitive habitats including shallow flats that are important feeding areas for fish. These areas seek to provide protection for endangered/threatened species or their habitats while at the same time providing opportunity for public use. Wildlife Management Areas are achieved through placing and maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; implementing management responsibilities; adjusting existing zone boundaries if needed; evaluating allowable activities within the boundaries and make changes if needed; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; monitoring the effectiveness of current zones; and revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs) This is a type of Marine Zoning used by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). SPAs focus on the protection of shallow, heavily used reefs where conflicts occur between user groups, and where concentrated visitor activity leads to resource degradation. They are designed to enhance the reproductive capabilities of renewable resources, protect areas critical for sustaining and protecting important marine species, and reduce user conflicts in high-use areas. This is accomplished through a prohibition of consumptive activities within these areas. They have been chosen based on the status of important habitat, the ability of a particular area to sustain and protect the habitat, the level of visitor use, and the degree of conflict between consumptive and non-consumptive users. The actual size and location of these zones have been determined by examination of user patterns, aerial photography, and ground-truthing of specific habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artisanal Fishing; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Landscape Changes; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Small Boats; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Existing Management Areas The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) uses this zoning category to identify areas that are managed by other agencies where restrictions already exist. These zones delineate the existing jurisdictional authority of other agencies (i.e., State parks, aquatic preserves, sanctuaries, and other restricted areas). Management of these areas within the Sanctuary may require additional regulations or restrictions to adequately protect resources. Any additional management measures will be developed and implemented in coordination with the agency having jurisdictional authority. Their function is not to establish another layer of bureaucracy, but to recognize established management areas and, at a minimum, to complement the existing management programs, ensuring cooperation and coordination with other agencies. Existing Management Areas will be maintained through revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Dredging Regulations Dredging is oftentimes prohibited with certain exceptions. Dredging regulation often falls under other controls over the alteration of the seabed, discharging or depositing materials. At times dredging is necessary for navigation or other activities, necessitating .permitting mechanisms for allowing otherwise prohibited activities. Revising the regulations to help eliminate negative dredge-and-fill activities within a certain distance of corals would be beneficial because it would help promote the reestablishment of sensitive benthic communities. Reservoirs may require periodic dredging to remove sediment that may have collected. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sand & Rock Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Transportation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Coral Touching Regulations Currently touching, removing, damaging, distributing, and injuring any living or dead coral or coral formation is prohibited in Sanctuary Preservation Areas and Ecological Reserves. An investigation will be conducted to consider extending this prohibition to high-use, sensitive and vulnerable areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Contact Uses; Coral; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Restoration: Beach Vegatation Restoration Natural beaches are often host to important costal dune ecosystems. Due to tourism, much of the vegetation that comprises these dune ecosystems may be compromised. The natural vegetation provides an important ecosystem service, with roots providing deep stabilization against physical damage and removal of that sand. Without such vegetation sand and dunes can be completely washed away during hurricanes and other surge events. The dunes themselves offer some protection to nearby inland infrastructure during these same storm events. When the beach past the dunes is for public access it is beneficial to build raised walk-overs over the dune vegetation. This prevents trampling, which leads to dune blowouts. Natural Resources Conservation Service, editor. 2007. Native Plants for Coastal Dune Restoration: What, When, and How for Florida. US Department of Agriculture.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Culture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Invasive Species; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Damage; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Restoration: Beach Renourishment and Nourishment Beaches are subject to natural accretion and erosion. Tourism is often best supported by wide, accessible, public sandy beaches. Beaches can be restored to counteract natural erosion by transporting large quantities of sand onto the beach. This sand often comes from nearby dredging. Caution should be used when restoring long sections of beaches, as often the area above the mean high tide line is littoral, or privately owned, and restoration of these beaches can impact these property rights, see "Stop the Beach Renourishment, Inc. v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (2010) U.S. Supreme Court decision." Beach protection or nourishment offers an alternative to this often expensive and abrupt type of renourishment, nourishment involves practices which encourage coastal accretion and discourage erosional forces. See "Florida's Beach and Shore Preservation Act" for some restrictions on this. NOAA Coastal Services Center. Beach Nourishment: A Guide for Local Government Officials. Coastal Services Center Accessed 6/17/2011.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Culture; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Recreational Opportunities; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
General permit for activities seaward of the coastal construction control line, 62B-34 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2010). To implement the provisions of Section 161.053(19) F. S. providing General Permits for activities performed seaward of the Coastal Construction Control line. Persons wishing to use one or more of the General Permits as set forth in Part II of this rule chapter shall be subject to the notice provisions of subsection 62B-34.030(4) F. A. C. before any activity is conducted as authorized herein.The general conditions provided pursuant to Section 62-B34-0.50, F. A. C. , shall apply to all of the General Permits issued under this rule chapter. Strict compliance with all of the terms, conditions, requirements, limitations, and restrictions applicable to a desired General Permit under this rule chapter is required to qualify for such a permit.

Application to Coral Reefs:The rule requires erosion control BMP. Therefore, sediment from construction will not enter the marine environment and damage coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Civil fines are applicable for work done that was not authorized in the permit.

Comments: 		Florida Departrment of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins

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