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ReefLink Database

Agriculture

Agriculture

The Agriculture Sector includes both animal and crop production. Establishments primarily include farms, ranches, feedlots, orchards, and greenhouses (NAICS 2007).

CMap

The Agriculture Sector includes both animal and crop production. Agriculture, aquaculture and forestry policies regulate and control agriculture, aquaculture and forestry. Applied chemicals are chemicals applied to lands, vehicles, buildings, or during manufacturing for a variety of purposes, including maintaining pests, improving soil quality, or cleaning surfaces. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Deforestation and Devegetation are the removal of trees and plants, including clear-cutting, to provide clear land for farms, roads, homes, buildings, and other infrastructure. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ditching & Soil Disturbance pertains to large-scale changes to the terrestrial landscape through channeling for irrigation, grading for roads & construction, and mining which disrupt and dislodge soil and can lead to sediment runoff into the watershed. Dredging is the process of excavating material from an area to maintain ship channels and harbors for safe navigation. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Food & energy policies are legislation, restrictions, and guidelines that pertain to sectors that harvest or extract natural resources. The Food and Raw Materials sector includes groups that harvest natural resources from the earth, including agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, forestry, mining, and the oil and gas industry. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Non-point source pollution is runoff from diffuse sources that is caused by rainwater moving over and through the ground, carrying pollutants with it and depositing them in coastal waters. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Physical Damage to reef habitat and wetlands can occur from vessel groundings, dredging, trampling, boat movement, anchor drops, trawling, and fishing gear. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Shoreline Protection is the attenuation of wave energy by reefs that protects coastal communities against shoreline erosion and flooding during storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis that can cause property damage and loss of life. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors.

CMap Description

Development of lands for agriculture may require deforestation & devegetation, which can modify rates of non-point source runoff, or draining & filling of wetland vegetation in coastal areas. Irrigation systems can lead to ditching & soil disturbance that modify the landscape and also influence stormwater runoff. Applied chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides, can wash into the coastal ecosystem and affect the survival & growth of reef life and the provision of ecosystem services. Agricultural sectors may benefit from shoreline protection, as well as indirectly from other ecosystem services that improve the well-being of sectors, such as tourism & recreation, which depend on crop and animal production. Agricultural policies can be enacted to modify irrigation practices or encourage Best Management Practices (BMPs).

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
2011. Nonpoint Source Management Program 2010 Annual Report. Document # DEPLW-1205, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, (Maine, USA). 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Chemical Use Regulations; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Housing; Impervious Surfaces; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Bandara, DMI; Sono, M; Bruce, GS; Brash, AR; Dawson, JH. 2011. Coordination modes of tyrosinate-ligated catalase-type heme enzymes: Magnetic circular dichroism studies of Plexaura homomalla allene oxide synthase, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis protein-2744c, and bovine liver catalase in their ferric and fer. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 105:1786-1794. 2011 Pathogens
Barnett, J. 2011. Dangerous climate change in the Pacific Islands: food production and food security. Regional Environmental Change 11:S229-S237. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing
Brodie, JE; Devlin, M; Haynes, D; Waterhouse, J. 2011. Assessment of the eutrophication status of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Australia). Biogeochemistry 106:281-302. 2011 Australia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Octocoral; Plankton; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Elfman, L; Tooke, NE; Patring, JDM. 2011. Detection of pesticides used in rice cultivation in streams on the island of Leyte in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management 101:81-87. 2011 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Figueiredo, J; Pereira, HM. 2011. Regime shifts in a socio-ecological model of farmland abandonment. Landscape Ecology 26:737-749. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Nutrients
Gopinath, A; Muraleedharan, NS; Chandramohanakumar, N; Jayalakshmi, KV. 2011. Statistical Significance of BioMonitoring of Marine Algae for Trace Metal Levels in a Coral Environment. Environmental Forensics 12:98-105. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Primary Production
Herbeck, LS; Unger, D; Krumme, U; Liu, SM; Jennerjahn, TC. 2011. Typhoon-induced precipitation impact on nutrient and suspended matter dynamics of a tropical estuary affected by human activities in Hainan, China. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 93:375-388. 2011 China Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Discharges; Fish; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies; Waste Management; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Negri, AP; Flores, F; Rothig, T; Uthicke, S. 2011. Herbicides increase the vulnerability of corals to rising sea surface temperature. Limnology and Oceanography 56:471-485. 2011 Global Model Agriculture; Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Coralline Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Rolfe, J; Windle, J. 2011. Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef. Water Resources Research 47. 2011 Australia Model Agriculture; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff
Velasquez, J; Lopez-Angarita, J; Sanchez, JA. 2011. Evaluation of the FORAM index in a case of conservation Benthic foraminifera as indicators of ecosystem resilience in protected and non-protected coral reefs of the southern caribbean. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:3591-3603. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Whitall, D. R., B. M. Costa, L. J. Bauer, A. Dieppa, and S. D. Hile, editors. 2011. A Baseline Assessment of the Ecological Resources of Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 133, NOAA, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2011 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Arceo, P. and A. Granados-Barba. 2010. Evaluating sustainability criteria for a marine protected area in Veracruz, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:535-543. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Baker, D. M., K. L. Webster, and K. Kim. 2010. Caribbean octocorals record changing carbon and nitrogen sources from 1862 to 2005. Global Change Biology 16:2701-2710. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; CO2; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Octocoral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bartley, R., S. N. Wilkinson, A. A. Hawdon, B. N. Abbott, and D. A. Post. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields. Part 2: Catchment response. Journal of Hydrology 389:249-259. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bird, M. I., W. E. N. Austin, C. M. Wurster, L. K. Fifield, M. Mojtahid, and C. Sargeant. 2010. Punctuated eustatic sea-level rise in the early mid-Holocene. Geology 38:803-806. 2010 Agriculture; Climate; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Blanco, A. C., K. Nadaoka, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kinjo. 2010. Dynamic evolution of nutrient discharge under stormflow and baseflow conditions in a coastal agricultural watershed in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan. Hydrological Processes 24:2601-2616. 2010 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dailer, M. L., R. S. Knox, J. E. Smith, M. Napier, and C. M. Smith. 2010. Using delta N-15 values in algal tissue to map locations and potential sources of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on the island of Maui, Hawai'i, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:655-671. 2010 GIS & Maps Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Wastewater Discharge
De Santis, V., M. Caldara, T. de Torres, and J. E. Ortiz. 2010. Stratigraphic units of the Apulian Tavoliere plain (Southern Italy): Chronology, correlation with marine isotope stages and implications regarding vertical movements. Sedimentary Geology 228:255-270. 2010 Agriculture; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
De'ath, G. and K. Fabricius. 2010. Water quality as a regional driver of coral biodiversity and macroalgae on the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications 20:840-850. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Agriculture; Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Douglas, G. B., M. Kuhnen, L. C. Radke, G. Hancock, B. Brooke, M. J. Palmer, T. Pietsch, P. W. Ford, M. G. Trefry, and R. Packett. 2010. Delineation of sediment sources to a coastal wetland in the Great Barrier Reef catchment: influence of climate variability and land clearing since European arrival. Environmental Chemistry 7:190-206. 2010 Australia; Europe Agriculture; Climate; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
El-Gendy, M. M. A. 2010. Keratinase Production by Endophytic Penicillium spp. Morsy1 Under Solid-State Fermentation Using Rice Straw. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 162:780-794. 2010 Agriculture; Octocoral; Substrate
Harrison, P. A., M. Vandewalle, M. T. Sykes, P. M. Berry, R. Bugter, F. de Bello, C. K. Feld, U. Grandin, R. Harrington, J. R. Haslett, R. H. G. Jongman, G. W. Luck, P. M. da Silva, M. Moora, J. Settele, J. P. Sousa, and M. Zobel. 2010. Identifying and prioritising services in European terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2791-2821. 2010 Europe Review Agriculture; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Climate Regulation; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Non-Monetary Valuation; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Provisioning Services; Recreational Opportunities; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Jones, K. B., E. T. Slonecker, M. S. Nash, A. C. Neale, T. G. Wade, and S. Hamann. 2010. Riparian habitat changes across the continental United States (1972-2003) and potential implications for sustaining ecosystem services. Landscape Ecology 1-15. 2010 Model; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Wetlands
Kirkby, C. A., R. Giudice-Granados, B. Day, K. Turner, L. M. Velarde- Andrade, A. Duenas-Duenas, J. C. Lara-Rivas, and D. W. Yu. 2010. The Market Triumph of Ecotourism: An Economic Investigation of the Private and Social Benefits of Competing Land Uses in the Peruvian Amazon. PLoS One 5:1-14. 2010 Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Tourism & Recreation
Knee, K. L., J. H. Street, E. E. Grossman, A. B. Boehm, and A. Paytan. 2010. Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean from submarine groundwater discharge in a groundwater-dominated system: Relation to land use (Kona coast, Hawaii, USA). Limnology and Oceanography 55:1105-1122. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Discharges; Golf Course Operations; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lemonnier, H., C. Courties, C. Mugnier, J. P. Torreton, and A. Herbland. 2010. Nutrient and microbial dynamics in eutrophying shrimp ponds affected or unaffected by vibriosis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:402-411. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Plankton; Sediment
Lenahan, M. J. and K. L. Bristow. 2010. Understanding sub-surface solute distributions and salinization mechanisms in a tropical coastal floodplain groundwater system. Journal of Hydrology 390:131-142. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Irrigation; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lewis, J. M., L. Siler, E. Souza, P. K. W. Ng, Y. H. Dong, G. L. Jiang, and R. W. Ward. 2010. Registration of 'Coral' Wheat. Journal Of Plant Registrations 4:205-214. 2010 Agriculture
Maier, W. D. and S. J. Barnes. 2010. The Petrogenesis Of Platinum-Group Element Reefs In The Upper Main Zone Of The Northern Lobe Of The Bushveld Complex On The Farm Moorddrift South Africa. Economic Geology 105:841-854. 2010 South Africa Model Agriculture
Osmond, D. L. 2010. USDA water quality projects and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Project watershed studies. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 35:142A-146A. 2010 India Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges
Pert, P. L., J. R. A. Butler, J. E. Brodie, C. Bruce, M. Honzak, F. J. Kroon, D. Metcalfe, D. Mitchell, and G. Wong. 2010. A catchment-based approach to mapping hydrological ecosystem services using riparian habitat: A case study from the Wet Tropics, Australia. Ecological Complexity 7:378-388. 2010 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sauer, U. and A. Fischer. 2010. Willingness to pay, attitudes and fundamental values - on the cognitive context of public preferences for diversity in agricultural landscapes. Ecological Economics 70:1-9. 2010 Germany Model Agriculture; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Schmidt, S., K. Mackintosh, R. Gillett, A. Pudmenzky, D. E. Allen, H. Rennenberg, and J. F. Mueller. 2010. Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at a tropical coral cay with high seabird density. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12:460-465. 2010 Australia Agriculture; Land & Air Transportation; Marine Birds; Nutrients
Scott, C., S. E. Lewis, R. Milla, M. C. Taylor, A. J. W. Rodgers, G. Dumsday, J. E. Brodie, J. G. Oakeshott, and R. J. Russell. 2010. A free-enzyme catalyst for the bioremediation of environmental atrazine contamination. Journal of Environmental Management 91:2075-2078. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Remediation
Shaw, M., M. J. Furnas, K. Fabricius, D. Haynes, S. Carter, G. Eaglesham, and J. F. Mueller. 2010. Monitoring pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:113-122. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shenton, W., B. T. Hart, and J. Brodie. 2010. A Bayesian network model linking nutrient management actions in the Tully catchment (northern Queensland) with Great Barrier Reef condition. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:587-595. 2010 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Algae; Decision Support; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Slater, M. J. and A. G. Carton. 2010. Sea cucumber habitat differentiation and site retention as determined by intraspecific stable isotope variation. Aquaculture Research 41:e695-e702. 2010 Agriculture; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Nutrients; Sediment
TEEB. 2010. Measuring biophysical quantities and the use of indicators. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Index or Indicator Agriculture; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Forestry
Thomas, Y., C. Courties, Y. El Helwe, A. Herbland, and H. Lemonnier. 2010. Spatial and temporal extension of eutrophication associated with shrimp farm wastewater discharges in the New Caledonia lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:387-398. 2010 New Caledonia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Discharges; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Wastewater Discharge
Walker, B., L. Pearson, M. Harris, K.-G. Maler, C.-Z. Li, R. Biggs, and T. Bayes. 2010. Incorporating resilience in the assessment of inclusive wealth: an example from South East Australia. Environmental Resources and Economics 45:183-202. 2010 Australia Agriculture
Water Stewardship Inc. 2010. Beta Test Report: Process Development & Description of Findings. 2010 Agriculture; Nutrients
Winfree, R. 2010. The conservation and restoration of wild bees. Pages 169-197 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2010. 2010 Global Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
World Health Organization (WHO). 2010. Global and regional food consumption patterns and trends. Pages 13-29 Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease. Geneva. 2010 Global Agriculture; Pathogens
Bainbridge, Z. T., J. E. Brodie, J. W. Faithful, D. A. Sydes, and S. E. Lewis. 2009. Identifying the land-based sources of suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides discharged to the Great Barrier Reef from the Tully-Murray Basin, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1081-1090. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Binimelis, R., I. Monterroso, and B. Rodriguez-Labajos. 2009. Catalan agriculture and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) � An application of DPSIR model. Ecological Economics 69:55-62. 2009 Europe; Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture
Bohlen, P. J., S. Lynch, L. Shabman, M. Clark, S. Shukla, and H. Swain. 2009. Paying for environmental services from agricultural lands: an example from the northern Everglades. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:46-55. 2009 Florida Agriculture; Nutrients
Brodie, J., S. Lewis, Z. Bainbridge, A. Mitchell, J. Waterhouse, and F. Kroon. 2009. Target setting for pollutant discharge management of rivers in the Great Barrier Reef catchment area. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1141-1149. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carilli, J. E., N. G. Prouty, K. A. Hughen, and R. D. Norris. 2009. Century-scale records of land-based activities recorded in Mesoamerican coral cores. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1835-1842. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Agriculture; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral
Cinner, J., M. M. P. B. Fuentes, and H. Randriamahazo. 2009. Exploring Social Resilience in Madagascar's Marine Protected Areas. Ecology and Society 14:41. 2009 Madagascar Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Housing; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas
Cooley, S. R, H. L. Kite-Powell, and S. C. Doney. 2009. Ocean acidification�s potential to alter global marine ecosystem services. Oceanography 22:172-181. 2009 Global Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Climate change and tropical marine agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany 60:2839-2844. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Greiner, R., L. Patterson, and O. Miller. 2009. Motivations, risk perceptions and adoption of conservation practices by farmers. Agricultural Systems 99:86-104. 2009 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jayaraju, N., B. C. S. R. Reddy, and K. R. Reddy. 2009. Heavy Metal Pollution in Reef Corals of Tuticorin Coast, Southeast Coast of India. Soil & Sediment Contamination 18:445-454. 2009 India Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Kragt, M. E., P. C. Roebeling, and A. Ruijs. 2009. Effects of Great Barrier Reef degradation on recreational reef-trip demand: A contingent behaviour approach. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 53:213-229. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Kuldna, P., K. Peterson, H. Poltimae, and Jaan Luig. 2009. An application of DPSIR framework to identify issues of pollinator loss. Ecological Economics 69:32-42. 2009 Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies
Lewis, S. E., J. E. Brodie, Z. T. Bainbridge, K. W. Rohde, A. M. Davis, B. L. Masters, M. Maughan, M. J. Devlin, J. F. Mueller, and B. Schaffelke. 2009. Herbicides: A new threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Pollution 157:2470-2484. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lottermoser, B. G. 2009. Trace metal enrichment in sugarcane soils due to the long-term application of fertilisers, North Queensland, Australia: geochemical and Pb, Sr, and U isotopic compositions. Australian Journal of Soil Research 47:311-320. 2009 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Nutrients
Lu, T., K. M. Ma, Y. X. Zhang, H. W. Ni, and B. J. Fu. 2009. Species Similarity - Distance Relationship In Wetlands: Effect Of Disturbance Intensity. Polish Journal Of Ecology 57:647-657. 2009 China Index or Indicator Agriculture; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Wetlands
Meng, P.-J., J. Lin, and L.-L. Liu. 2009. Aquatic organotin pollution in Taiwan. Journal of Environmental Management 90. 2009 Taiwan Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Small Boats; Snails & Conch
Mooney, H., A. Larigauderie, M. Cesario, T. Elmquist, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, S. Lavorel, G. M. Mace, M. Palmer, R. Scholes, and T. Yahara. 2009. Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability 1:46-54. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Negri, A. P., R. M. Soo, F. Flores, and N. S. Webster. 2009. Bacillus Insecticides are not Acutely Harmful to Corals and Sponges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 381:157-165. 2009 Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sponges; Stony Coral
Nelson, M., W. F. Dempster, and J. P. Allen. 2009. The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems. Advances in Space Research 44:1404-1412. 2009 Global Lab Study Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Irrigation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Nelson, W. A. 2009. Calcified macroalgae - critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:787-801. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; CO2; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. 2009. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:976-986. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pinon-Gimate, A., M. F. Soto-Jimenez, M. J. Ochoa-Izaguirre, E. Garcia-Pages, and F. Paez-Osuna. 2009. Macroalgae blooms and delta N-15 in subtropical coastal lagoons from the Southeastern Gulf of California: Discrimination among agricultural, shrimp farm and sewage effluents. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1144-1151. 2009 Agriculture; Algae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients
Prouty, N. G., S. D. Jupiter, M. E. Field, and M. T. McCulloch. 2009. Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10:Q12018. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Agriculture; Climate; Discharges; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics
Roebeling, P. C., E. M. T. Hendrix, and M. E. van Grieken. 2009. Exploring industry specific social welfare maximizing rates of water pollution abatement in linked terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Journal of Coastal Research 1681-1685. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Roebeling, P. C., M. E. van Grieken, A. J. Webster, J. Biggs, and P. Thorburn. 2009. Cost-effective water quality improvement in linked terrestrial and marine ecosystems: a spatial environmental-economic modelling approach. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1150-1158. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Shaw, M., A. Negri, K. Fabricius, and J. F. Mueller. 2009. Predicting water toxicity: Pairing passive sampling with bioassays on the Great Barrier Reef. Aquatic Toxicology 95:108-116. 2009 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral
Slater, M. J. and A. G. Carton. 2009. Effect of sea cucumber (Australostichopus mollis) grazing on coastal sediments impacted by mussel farm deposition. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1123-1129. 2009 Index or Indicator Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Echinoderms; Remediation; Sediment
Terry, J. P. and K. Khatri. 2009. People, pigs and pollution - Experiences with applying participatory learning and action (PLA) methodology to identify problems of pig-waste management at the village level in Fiji. Journal of Cleaner Production 17:1393-1400. 2009 Fiji Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Thomas, F. R. 2009. Historical Ecology in Kiribati: Linking Past with Present. Pacific Science 63:567-600. 2009 Kiribati Agriculture
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2009. Federal Member Coral Profiles. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. 2009 Agriculture; Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering
Webster, A. J., P. J. Thorburn, P. C. Roebeling, H. L. Horan, and J. S. Biggs. 2009. The expected impact of climate change on nitrogen losses from wet tropical sugarcane production in the Great Barrier Reef region. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1159-1164. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Yamaguchi, T., H. Kayanne, and H. Yamano. 2009. Archaeological Investigation of the Landscape History of an Oceanic Atoll: Majuro, Marshall Islands. Pacific Science 63:537-565. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Marshall Islands Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Anderson, N., P. Ascher, E. Gesick, L. Klossner, N. Eash, V. Fritz, J. Hebel, S. Poppe, J. Reith-Rozelle, R. Wagner, S. Jacobson, D. Wildung, and P. Johnson. 2008. Winter-hardy Mammoth™ series garden chrysanthemums 'Red Daisy', 'White Daisy', and 'Coral Daisy' sporting a shrub plant habit. HortScience 43:648-654. 2008 Index or Indicator Agriculture; Corallivorous Fish
Blanco, A. C., K. Nadaoka, and T. Yamamoto. 2008. Planktonic and benthic microalgal community composition as indicators of terrestrial influence on a fringing reef in Ishigaki Island, Southwest Japan. Marine Environmental Research 66:520-535. 2008 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Boyer, C. R., G. B. Fain, C. H. Gilliam, T. V. Gallagher, H. A. Torbert, and J. L. Sibley. 2008. Clean chip residual: A substrate component for growing annuals. HortTechnology 18:423-432. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Forestry; Nutrients; Substrate
Cannon, J. 2008. A bargain for clean water. 2008 Review Agriculture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. 2008 Puerto Rico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Charlier, R. H., P. Morand, and C. W. Finkl. 2008. How Brittany and Florida coasts cope with green tides. International Journal of Environmental Studies 65:191-208. 2008 Florida; France Agriculture; Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Cochard, R., S. L. Ranamukhaarachchi, G. P. Shivakoti, O. V. Shipin, P. J. Edwards, and K. T. Seeland. 2008. The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 10:3-40. 2008 Thailand Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Doerge, B. C. and C. Smith. 2008. Mechanisms of erosion of volcanic soils on non-agricultural lands in guam. Pages 419-429 in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2008. 2008 Guam Agriculture; Coastal Defense; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Military; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection
Greiner, R. and O. Miller. 2008. Reducing diffuse water pollution by tailoring incentives to region specific requirements: Empirical study for the Burdekin River basin (Australia). Pages 31-42 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2008 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Guzy, M. R., C. L. Smith, J. P. Bolte, D. W. Hulse and S. V. Gregory. 2008. Policy research using agent-based modeling to assess future impacts of urban expansion into farmlands and forests. 2008 Model Agriculture; Fish; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hawdon, A. A., R. J. Keen, D. A. Post, and S. N. Wilkinson. 2008. Hydrological recovery of rangeland following cattle exclusion. IAHS-AISH Publication 532-539. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hunter, H. M. and R. S. Walton. 2008. Land-use effects on fluxes of suspended sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus from a river catchment of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 356:131-146. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Jackson, J. B. C. 2008. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:11458-11465. 2008 Global Agriculture; Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
Jupiter, S. D. and G. S. Marion. 2008. Changes in forest area along stream networks in an agricultural catchment of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Environmental Management 42:66-79. 2008 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jupiter, S., G. Roff, G. Marion, M. Henderson, V. Schrameyer, M. McCulloch, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Linkages between coral assemblages and coral proxies of terrestrial exposure along a cross-shelf gradient on the southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:887-903. 2008 Australia Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Koener, R. M. and J. R. Koerner. 2008. Review and analysis of GRI-21 conference. Page 50 in Geosynthetics. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Review Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Domestic Animal Waste; Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Leblond, C., J. Mephara, and S. Sauve. 2008. Trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in food supplements of marine origin. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 14:408-420. 2008 Agriculture; Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Toxics
Leticia, A.-G. and G.-B. Gerardo. 2008. Determination of esterase activity and characterization of cholinesterases in the reef fish Haemulon plumieri. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 71:787-797. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Mora, C. 2008. A clear human footprint in the coral reefs of the Caribbean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275:767-773. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pan, Y., X.-W. Li, L. Rong, W.-Y. Yuan, and J. Wang. 2008. Root nodulation of young Alnus formosana on forest lands converted from agricultural lands. Chinese Journal of Ecology 27:1482-1486. 2008 Agriculture; Nutrients
Pares-Ramos, I., W. A. Gould, and T. M. Aide. 2008. Suburban growth and forest expansion following agricultural abandonment in Puerto Rico (1991-2000). Pages 1-24 in Berlin Conference "Long-Term Policies: Governing Social-Ecological Change" International Conference of the Social-Ecological Research. Berlin, (Germany). 2008 Global; Puerto Rico Agriculture; Housing; Manufacturing & Trade
Prouty, N. G., K. A. Hughen, and J. Carilli. 2008. Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples. Coral Reefs 27:727-742. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Index or Indicator Agriculture; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Restrepo, J. D. 2008. Applicability of LOICZ catchment-coast continuum in a major Caribbean basin: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:214-229. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Riul, P., C. H. Targino, J. D. N. Farias, P. T. Visscher, and P. A. Horta. 2008. Decrease in Lithothamnion sp. (Rhodophyta) primary production due to the deposition of a thin sediment layer. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:17-19. 2008 Oman; United Kingdom Agriculture; Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Light; Primary Production; Sediment
Schroder, P., R. Herzig, B. Bojinov, A. Ruttens, E. Nehnevajova, S. Stamatiadis, A. Memon, A. Vassilev, M. Caviezel, and J. Vangronsveld. 2008. Bioenergy to save the world: Producing novel energy plants for growth on abandoned land. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 15:196-204. 2008 Global; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Domestic Animal Waste; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Schueth, J. D. and T. D. Frank. 2008. Reef foraminifera as bioindicators of coral reef health: Low Isles Reef, Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 38:22-Nov. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Suchitra, K. and M. Wanapat. 2008. Study on ruminal degradability of local plants by using nylon bag technique. Livestock Research for Rural Development 20. 2008 Cuba; Java
Tessier, E., L. Bigot, C. Cadet, B. Cauvin, P. Chabanet, C. Conand, J.-B. Nicet, and J.-P. Quod. 2008. Coral reefs of Reunion Island in 2007: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de la Reunion en 2007: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:85-102. 2008 Global; Indian Ocean; Reunion; India; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes
World Bank Group. 2008. Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation. Nature based solutions from the world bank portfolio. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Iran; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Invasive Species; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Baker, D. M., S. E. MacAvoy, and K. Kim. 2007. Relationship between water quality, δ15N, and aspergillosis of Caribbean sea fan corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:123-130. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Agriculture; Nutrients; Octocoral; Pathogens
Bohnet, I. and D. M. Smith. 2007. Planning future landscapes in the Wet Tropics of Australia: A social-ecological framework. Landscape and Urban Planning 80:137-152. 2007 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture
Brodie, J., G. De'ath, M. Devlin, M. Furnas, and M. Wright. 2007. Spatial and temporal patterns of near-surface chlorophyll a in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine and Freshwater Research 58:342-353. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chen, B. and G. Q. Chen. 2007. Resource analysis of the Chinese society 1980-2002 based on exergy-Part 4: Fishery and rangeland. Energy Policy 35:2079-2086. 2007 Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Haynes, D., J. Brodie, J. Waterhouse, Z. Bainbridge, D. Bass, and B. Hart. 2007. Assessment of the water quality and ecosystem health of the Great Barrier Reef (Australia): Conceptual models. Environmental Management 40:993-1003. 2007 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kapley, A., S. Siddiqui, K. Misra, S. M. Ahmad, and H. J. Purohit. 2007. Preliminary analysis of bacterial diversity associated with the Porites coral from the Arabian sea. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23:923-930. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2007. Drift rhodophyte blooms emerge in Lee County, Florida, USA: Evidence of escalating coastal eutrophication. Harmful Algae 6:421-437. 2007 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Lewis, S. E., G. A. Shields, B. S. Kamber, and J. M. Lough. 2007. A multi-trace element coral record of land-use changes in the Burdekin River catchment, NE Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 246:471-487. 2007 Australia; Europe Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mabuza, M. 2007. Two Rivers Platinum mine: The orebody, the mining method - A perfect match. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 107:43-49. 2007 Agriculture; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Macintyre, I. G., P. W. Glynn, and M. A. Toscano. 2007. The demise of a major Acropora palmata bank-barrier reef off the southeast coast of Barbados, West Indies. Coral Reefs 26:765-773. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Agriculture; Algae; Coralline Algae; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Markey, K. L., A. H. Baird, C. Humphrey, and A. P. Negri. 2007. Insecticides and a fungicide affect multiple coral life stages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 330:127-137. 2007 Global Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Narayan, K. A., C. Schleeberger, and K. L. Bristow. 2007. Modelling seawater intrusion in the Burdekin Delta Irrigation Area, North Queensland, Australia. Agricultural Water Management 89:217-228. 2007 Australia Model Agriculture; Irrigation; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water
Norena-Barroso, E., G. Gold-Bouchot, and V. Ceja-Moreno. 2007. Temporal variation of persistent organic pollutant (POP) residue concentrations in sediments from the Bay of Chetumal, Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 79:141-146. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Agriculture; Fish; Sediment; Toxics
Novotny, V. 2007. Diffuse pollution from agriculture: Ecological sustainability or food production or both. Pages 52-59 Water 21. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Nurse, L. and R. Moore. 2007. Critical considerations for future action during the second commitment period: A small islands' perspective. Natural Resources Forum 31:102-110. 2007 Global Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Water Depth & Sea Level
Risk, M. J., R. B. Nairn, and M. O. Kolberg. 2007. Factors influencing the long-term stability of the carbonate sand beaches of mauritius. in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes. 2007 Mauritius Model Coastal Engineering; Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Shazili, N. A. M., B. Y. Kamaruzzaman, N. A. Antonina, S. Zauyah, J. Bidai, A. A. Shamsudin, and A. R. Kamil. 2007. Interpretation of anthropogenic input of metals in the South China Sea bottom sediments off Terengganu (Malaysia) coastline using Al as a reference element. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 10:47-56. 2007 Malaysia; China Agriculture; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smajgl, A. and P. C. Gehrke. 2007. Integrating economic and ecological modelling in the great barrier reef catchments. IAHS-AISH Publication 107-115. 2007 Australia Model Agriculture; Climate; Funding & Incentives; Non-point Source Runoff
Sumaila, U.R., William W. L. Cheung and Louise The. 2007. Rebuilding Hong Kong's marine fisheries: an evaluation of management options. FCRR 2007, Vol. 15(3), Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. 2007 Columbia; China Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
van der Velde, M., S. R. Green, M. Vanclooster, and B. E. Clothier. 2007. Sustainable development in small island developing states: Agricultural intensification, economic development, and freshwater resources management on the coral atoll of Tongatapu. Ecological Economics 61:456-468. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Japan; Tonga Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Primary Production; Tourism & Recreation
Visser, F., C. H. Roth, R. Wasson, and G. Govers. 2007. A sediment budget for a cultivated floodplain in tropical North Queensland, Australia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32:1475-1490. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Webster, N. S. 2007. Sponge disease: A global threat? Environmental Microbiology 9:1363-1375. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Papua New Guinea; Caribbean; Mexico Review Agriculture; Climate; Cyanobacteria; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Sponges
White, I., T. Falkland, P. Perez, A. Dray, T. Metutera, E. Metai, and M. Overmars. 2007. Challenges in freshwater management in low coral atolls. Journal of Cleaner Production 15:1522-1528. 2007 Agriculture; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Xu, D.-X. and G.-X. Zhang. 2007. Impact of human activities on coastal wetlands in China. Wetland Science 5:282-298. 2007 China Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Bigot, L., C. Conand, J. M. Amouroux, P. Frouin, H. Bruggemann, and A. Gremare. 2006. Effects of industrial outfalls on tropical macrobenthic sediment communities in Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean). Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:865-880. 2006 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Burke, L. and Z. Sugg. 2006. Hydrologic Modeling of Watersheds Discharging Adjacent to the Mesoamerican Reef. World Resource Institute. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cervino, J. M., K. Winiarski-Cervino, S. W. Polson, T. Goreau, and G. W. Smith. 2006. Identification of bacteria associated with a disease affecting the marine sponge Ianthella basta in New Britian, Papua New Guinea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 324:139-150. 2006 Papua New Guinea; Britain Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sponges
Daley, B. and P. Griggs. 2006. Mining the reefs and cays: Coral, guano and rock phosphate extraction in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 1844-1940. Environment and History 12:395-433. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mining Policies; Scientific Research
EJF. 2006. Nature�s defence against Tsunamis- a report on the impact of mangrove loss and shrimp farm development on coastal defences. Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK. 2006 Sri Lanka; India Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Housing; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Frank, T. D. and J. S. Jell. 2006. Recent developments on a nearshore, terrigenous-influenced reef: Low Isles Reef, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 22:474-486. 2006 Australia Agriculture; Algae; Mangroves; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kelley Hart. 2006. The upper Neuse Clean Water Iniative Conservation Plan. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Improved Technology; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Utilities Policies
Lecchini, D., S. Polti, Y. Nakamura, P. Mosconi, M. Tsuchiya, G. Remoissenet, and S. Planes. 2006. New perspectives on aquarium fish trade. Fisheries Science 72:40-47. 2006 Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing Sector
Lenotre, N. and R. Pedreros. 2006. The impact of climate change on coastlines [Impact du changement climatique sur le littoral]. Geosciences 2006:36-43. 2006 France Model Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Liu, X. D., S. P. Zhao, L. G. Sun, H. H. Luo, X. B. Yin, Z. Q. Xie, Y. H. Wang, K. X. Liu, X. H. Wu, X. F. Ding, and D. P. Fu. 2006. Geochemical evidence for the variation of historical seabird population on Dongdao Island of the South China Sea. Journal of Paleolimnology 36:259-279. 2006 China Marine Birds; Sediment
Peng, Z., J. Liu, C. Zhou, B. Nie, and T. Chen. 2006. Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 25:132-138. 2006 China Agriculture; Climate; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rayment, G. E. and P. M. Bloesch. 2006. Phosphorus fertility assessment of intensively farmed areas of catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area; 1: Soil phosphorus status. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37:2249-2264. 2006 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients
Stewart, L. K., P. B. Charlesworth, K. L. Bristow, and P. J. Thorburn. 2006. Estimating deep drainage and nitrate leaching from the root zone under sugarcane using APSIM-SWIM. Agricultural Water Management 81:315-334. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bocquene, G. and A. Franco. 2005. Pesticide contamination of the coastline of Martinique. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:612-619. 2005 South & Central America; Martinique; Caribbean; France Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cox, M.E., A. Moss, and G.K. Smyth. 2005. Water quality condition and trend in North Queensland waterways. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:89-98. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Point Source Discharges
Devlin, M.J., J. Brodie. 2005. Terrestrial discharge into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: nutrient behavior in coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:9-22. 2005 Australia; Europe GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Duke, N. C., A. M. Bell, D. K. Pederson, C. M. Roelfsema, and S. B. Nash. 2005. Herbicides implicated as the cause of severe mangrove dieback in the Mackay region, NE Australia: Consequences for marine plant habitats of the GBR World Heritage Area. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:308-324. 2005 Australia Review Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fabricius, K., G. De'ath, L. McCook, E. Turak, and D. MC B. Williams. 2005. Changes in algal, coral and fish assemblages along water quality gradients on the inshore Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:384-398. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Fish; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral
Faithful, J., W. Finlayson. 2005. Water quality assessment for sustainable agriculture in the Wet Tropics - A community-assisted approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:99-112. 2005 Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Golabi, M. H., C. Iyekar, and D. Minton. 2005. Effect of vetiver technology on sediment loss and water quality in southern Guam. Pages 348-355 in Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and Emerging TMDL. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heal, G. M., E. B. Barbier, K. J. Boyle, A. P. Covich, S. P. Gloss, C. H. Hershner, J. P. Hoehn, C. M. Pringle, S. Polasky, K. Segerson, and K. Shrader-Frechette. 2005. Valuing ecosystem services: toward better environmental decision making. The National Academies Press, Washington DC. 2005 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Military; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation; Wetlands
Hunter Jr., M. L. 2005. A mesofilter conservation strategy to complement fine and coarse filters. Conservation Biology 19:1025-1029. 2005 Agriculture; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jones, R. 2005. The ecotoxicological effects of Photosystem II herbicides on corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:495-506. 2005 Review Agriculture; Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production
Keller, B. D. and B. D. Causey. 2005. Linkages between the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Initiative. Ocean and Coastal Management 48:869-900. 2005 Florida Agriculture; Marine Protected Areas
Li, C., E. M. Ripley, A. Sarkar, D. Shin, and W. D. Maier. 2005. Origin of phlogopite-orthopyroxene inclusions in chromites from the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 150:119-130. 2005 South Africa Agriculture
Marion, G. S., R. B. Dunbar, D. A. Mucciarone, J. N. Kremer, J. S. Lansing, and A. Arthawiguna. 2005. Coral skeletal δ15N reveals isotopic traces of an agricultural revolution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:931-944. 2005 Indonesia Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
McKergow, L. A., I. P. Prosser, A. O. Hughes, and J. Brodie. 2005. Sources of sediment to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:200-211. 2005 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Moss, A., J. Brodie, and M. Furnas. 2005. Water quality guidelines for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: A basis for development and preliminary values. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:76-88. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Agriculture; Nutrients; Sediment
O'Reagain, P. J., J. Brodie, G. Fraser, J. J. Bushell, C. H. Holloway, J. W. Faithful, and D. Haynes. 2005. Nutrient loss and water quality under extensive grazing in the upper Burdekin river catchment, North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:37-50. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Perna, C. and D. Burrows. 2005. Improved dissolved oxygen status following removal of exotic weed mats in important fish habitat lagoons of the tropical Burdekin River floodplain, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:138-148. 2005 Australia Agriculture; Fish; Irrigation; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Powell, B. and M. Martens. 2005. A review of acid sulfate soil impacts, actions and policies that impact on water quality in Great Barrier Reef catchments, including a case study on remediation at East Trinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:149-164. 2005 Australia Review; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Microorganisms; Remediation; Wetlands
Rayment, G. E. 2005. Northeast Australian experience in minimizing environmental harm from waste recycling and potential pollutants of soil and water. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36:121-131. 2005 Australia Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shaw, M. and J. F. Muller. 2005. Preliminary evaluation of the occurrence of herbicides and PAHs in the Wet Tropics region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, using passive samplers. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:876-881. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Spencer, T., A. S. Laughton, and N. C. Flemming. 2005. Variability, interaction and change in the atmosphere-ocean-ecology system of the Western Indian Ocean. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363:13-Mar. 2005 Indian Ocean; India Agriculture; Climate; Nutrients
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2005. Indonesia: preliminary damage and loss assessment, December 26, 2004 Natural Disaster. Technical Report. Consultative Group on Indonesia. 2005 Global; Indian Ocean; India; Indonesia Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Fishing Sector; Housing; Infrastructure; Military; Mitigation; Skeletal Coral
Warne, A. G., R. M. T. Webb, and M. C. Larsen. 2005. Water, sediment, and nutrient discharge characteristics of rivers in Puerto Rico, and their potential influence on coral reefs. Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5206, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 2005 Puerto Rico Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2004. Nutrient pollution aggravates coral diseases. Water Environment and Technology 16:10. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
[No author name available]. 2004. Wastewater, polluted runoff may cause coral reef destruction. Water Environment and Technology 16:8. 2004 Florida Agriculture; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Snails & Conch; Wastewater Discharge
Davara, F. and A. De La Cruz. 2004. Dust storm monitoring: Effects on the environment, human health and potential security conflicts. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5574:361-371. 2004 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Pacific Ocean; Japan; Caribbean; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Storms & Hurricanes
Fabricius, K. E. and G. De'ath. 2004. Identifying ecological change and its causes: A case study on coral reefs. Ecological Applications 14:1448-1465. 2004 Australia Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goldberg, J. and C. Wilkinson. 2004. Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2004. 2004 Global Agriculture; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seastars; Sediment
Hale, S. S., J. F. Paul, and J. F. Heltshe. 2004. Watershed landscape indicators of estuarine benthic condition. Estuaries 27:283-295. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Invertebrates; Wetlands
Kawahata, H., H. Ohta, M. Inoue, and A. Suzuki. 2004. Endocrine disrupter nonylphenol and bisphenol A contamination in Okinawa and Ishigaki Islands, Japan - Within coral reefs and adjacent river mouths. Chemosphere 55:1519-1527. 2004 Japan Agriculture; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Klosowska, B. B., S. R. Troelstra, J. E. Van Hinte, D. Beets, K. Van Der Borg, and A. F. M. De Jong. 2004. Late holocene environmental reconstruction of St. Michiel saline lagoon, Curacao (Dutch Antilles). Radiocarbon 46:765-774. 2004 Antilles; Europe Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Deforestation & Devegetation; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Kolian, S. and A. Walker. 2004. Louisiana is losing critical reef habitat and job opportunities. Sea Technology 45:31-34. 2004 Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Tourism & Recreation
Kronen, M. 2004. Fishing for fortunes? A socio-economic assessment of Tonga's artisanal fisheries. Fisheries Research 70:121-134. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Tonga Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, and W. R. Matzie. 2004. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef communities in the Lower Florida Keys: Discrimination of local versus regional nitrogen sources. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:23-58. 2004 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nowak, R. 2004. Sewage nutrients fuel coral disease. New Scientist 181:13-Dec. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Algae; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
Prichard, H. M., S.-J. Barnes, W. D. Maier, and P. C. Fisher. 2004. Variations in the nature of the platinum-group minerals in a cross-section through the Merensky reef at impala platinum: Implications for the mode of formation of the reef. Canadian Mineralogist 42:423-437. 2004 South Africa Model Agriculture; Hotel & Food Services; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Sun, W. H., J. B. Lo, F. M. Robert, C. Ray, and C.-S. Tang. 2004. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal soils: I. Selection of promising woody plants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 11:260-266. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Military; Remediation; Salinity; Sediment
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 1: eating away at a global food source. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A282-A291. 2004 Global Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 2: delving deeper into the sea's bounty. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A472-481. 2004 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Allen, J. P., M. Nelson, and A. Alling. 2003. The legacy of biosphere 2 for the study of biospherics and closed ecological systems. Advances in Space Research 31:1629-1639. 2003 Global; Columbia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; CO2; Nutrients; Pathogens; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Bandara, N. J. G. J. 2003. Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka. Water Science and Technology 47:305-312. 2003 Sri Lanka Agriculture; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Barnes, D. J., R. B. Taylor, and J. M. Lough. 2003. Measurement of luminescence in coral skeletons. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 295:91-106. 2003 Agriculture; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharges; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Borghesio, L. and P. K. Ndang'ang'a. 2003. Habitat selection and the conservation status of Fischer's turaco Tauraco fischen on Unguja, Tanzania. ORYX 37:444-453. 2003 Tanzania Agriculture; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Bosence, D. and J. Wilson. 2003. Maerl growth, carbonate production rates and accumulation rates in the northeast Atlantic. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Spain; France; Norway Agriculture; Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Cole, J. 2003. Global change: Dishing the dirt on coral reefs. Nature 421:705-706. 2003 Global; Australia Agriculture; Sediment
Davey, R. B., J. E. George, and R. J. Miller. 2003. Efficacy of various concentrations of coumaphos to control adult, nymphal, and larval stages of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus on infested cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 64:684-689. 2003
Despinoy, M., A. Minghelli-Roman, A. Begue, M. Petit, J. Coudray, and A. Barcelo. 2003. Airborne CASI imagery for bathymetric study in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Pages 2368-2370 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2003 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light
Dzikowski, R., I. Paperna, and A. Diamant. 2003. Multi-annual changes in the parasite communities of rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus (Siganidae) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 57:228-235. 2003 Index or Indicator Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Marine Worms
Finkl, C. W. and R. H. Charlier. 2003. Sustainability of Subtropical Coastal Zones in Southeastern Florida: Challenges for Urbanized Coastal Environments Threatened by Development, Pollution, Water Supply, and Storm Hazards. Journal of Coastal Research 19:934-943. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba Model Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Remediation; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water; Wetlands
Hata, H. and M. Kato. 2003. Demise of monocultural algal farms by exclusion of territorial damselfish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 263:159-167. 2003 Japan Agriculture; Algae; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Jones, R. J. and A. P. Kerswell. 2003. Phytotoxicity of Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides to coral. Marine Ecology Progress Series 261:149-159. 2003 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Jones, R. J., J. Muller, D. Haynes, and U. Schreiber. 2003. Effects of herbicides diuron and atrazine on corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 251:153-167. 2003 Australia Agriculture; Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Salinity; Stony Coral
Lawler, J. J., D. White, and L. L. Master. 2003. Integrating representations and vulnerability: two approaches for prioitizing areas for conservation. Ecological Applications 13:1762-1772. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture
Mamboya, F. A., H. B. Pratap, and M. Bjork. 2003. Heavy metal contamination in the Western Indian Ocean (a review). Page 1437 in Journal De Physique. IV : JP. 2003 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mauritius; Reunion; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Sonnenschein, L. and M. Lopata. 2003. Public understanding: Applying models to solving real problems. Page 2277 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Model Agriculture; Aquaculture
Thattai, D., B. Kjerfve, and W. D. Heyman. 2003. Hydrometeorology and variability of water discharge and sediment load in the inner gulf of Honduras, western Caribbean. Journal of Hydrometeorology 4:985-995. 2003 South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thomas, F. R. 2003. Kiribati: \Some aspects of human ecology,\" forty years later". Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-40. 2003 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Resource Use Management
Thorburn, P. J., J. S. Biggs, K. L. Weier, and B. A. Keating. 2003. Nitrate in groundwaters of intensive agricultural areas in coastal Northeastern Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 94:49-58. 2003 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2002. Proceedings: 2002 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing. in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture
Buckley, R. 2002. Surf tourism and sustainable development in Indo-Pacific Islands. I. The industry and the islands. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10:405-424. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Textiles & Apparel; Tourism & Recreation
Buckley, R. 2002. Surf tourism and sustainable development in Indo-Pacific Islands. II. Recreational capacity management and case study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10:425-442. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Forestry; Housing; Infrastructure; Social Organizations; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Erftemeijer, P. L. 2002. A new technique for rapid assessment of mangrove degradation: A case study of shrimp farm encroachment in Thailand. Pages 204-208 in Trees - Structure and Function. 2002 Thailand Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Aquaculture; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Gagan, M. K., L. K. Ayliffe, B. N. Opdyke, D. Hopley, H. Scott-Gagan, and J. Cowley. 2002. Coral oxygen isotope evidence for recent groundwater fluxes to the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Geophysical Research Letters 29:43-1. 2002 Australia Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heller, P. S. and M. Mani. 2002. Adapting to climate change. Finance and Development 39:29-31. 2002 India Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Mitigation; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Heron, M. L., D. M. Burrage, and A. Prytz. 2002. Terrigenous runoff in the tropics observed with a scanning low frequency radiometer. Pages 2008-2013 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2002 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Hungspreugs, M., W. Utoomprurkporn, P. Sompongchaiyakul, and W. Heungraksa. 2002. Possible impact of dam reservoirs and river diversions on material fluxes to the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Chemistry 79:185-191. 2002 Thailand Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Neil, D. T., A. R. Orpin, P. V. Ridd, and B. Yu. 2002. Sediment yield and impacts from river catchments to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:733-752. 2002 Australia Model Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rushton, B. 2002. Treatment of Storm water Runoff from an Agricultural Basin by a Wet-Detention Pond in Ruskin, Florida, Final Report, Southwest Florida Management District. 2002 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Topping, M., J. Pfeiffer, A. Sparks, K. T. C. Jim, and D. Yoon. 2002. Advanced Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging System (AAHIS). Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4816:11-Jan. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Whales & Dolphins
Anderson, A. 2001. No meat on that beautiful shore: The prehistoric abandonment of subtropical Polynesian islands. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11:14-23. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Fish; Marine Birds; Whales & Dolphins
Bingham, B. L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81-251. 2001 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Brodie, J., C. Christie, M. Devlin, D. Haynes, S. Morris, M. Ramsay, J. Waterhouse, and H. Yorkston. 2001. Catchment management and the Great Barrier Reef. Water Science and Technology 43:203-211. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Chaston, K.A.V. 2001. Sediment Nutrient Bioavailability in a Sub-tropical Catchment Dominated by Agriculture: The transition from Land to Sea. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Devlin, M., J. Waterhouse, and J. Brodie. 2001. Community and connectivity: Summary of a community based monitoring program set up to assess the movement of nutrients and sediments into the Great Barrier Reef during high flow events. Water Science and Technology 43:121-131. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Social Organizations; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Mitchell, A. W., J. R. Reghenzani, and M. J. Furnas. 2001. Nitrogen levels in the Tully River - A long-term view. Water Science and Technology 43:99-105. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nunn, P. D. 2001. Human-environment relationships in the Pacific Islands around A.D. 1300. Environment and History 7:22-Mar. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Climate; Cultural Protections; Infrastructure; Water Depth & Sea Level
[No author name available]. 2000. Quick takes...Naftex Energy, Petrobras in farmout agreement. Oil and Gas Journal 98:8. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Seastars
Bates, M. R., C. R. Bates, P. L. Gibbard, R. I. Macphail, F. J. Owen, S. A. Parfitt, R. C. Preece, M. B. Roberts, J. E. Robinson, J. E. Whittaker, and K. N. Wilkinson. 2000. Late Middle Pleistocene deposits at Norton Farm on the West Sussex coastal plain, southern England. Journal of Quaternary Science 15:61-89. 2000 England Index or Indicator Agriculture; Climate; Molluscs; Sediment
Cavanagh, J. E., K. A. Burns, G. J. Brunskill, D. A. J. Ryan, and J. T. Ahokas. 2000. Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 1A in Pikey Bream (Acanthopagrus berda) collected from agricultural and urban catchments in Far North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:377-384. 2000 Australia Index or Indicator Agriculture; Boating Activities; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Christiansen, I. and R. Hunt. 2000. Research, extension and industry - Working together can achieve results. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:310-318. 2000 Australia Model Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cotsapas, L., S. A. Zengel, and E. J. Barraza. 2000. El Salvador. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 545-558. 2000 Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Diamant, A., A. Banet, M. Ucko, A. Colorni, W. Knibb, and H. Kvitt. 2000. Mycobacteriosis in wild rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus associated with cage farming in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 39:211-219. 2000 Agriculture; Aquaculture; Fish; Pathogens
Dustan, P. 2000. Florida Keys. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 405-414. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Pipelines; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. 2000 Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hajkowicz, S., M. Young, S. Wheeler, D. MacDonald, and D. Young. 2000. Supporting Decisions: Understanding Natural Resource Management Assessment Techniques - A report to the Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation. Primary Industries and Resources SA, Adelaide (South Australia). 2000 Australia Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Resource Use Management; Salinity
Harborne, A. R., M. D. McField, and E. K. Delaney. 2000. Belize. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 501-516. 2000 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Haynes, D. and J. E. Johnson. 2000. Organochlorine, heavy metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:267-278. 2000 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Haynes, D. and K. Michalek-Wagner. 2000. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Past perspectives, current issues and new research directions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:428-434. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics
Haynes, D., J. Muller, and S. Carter. 2000. Pesticide and herbicide residues in sediments and seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:279-287. 2000 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Seagrasses; Sediment
Huber, M. E. 2000. Torres Strait and the Gulf of Papua. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 593-610. 2000 Australia; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huber, M. E. and G. B. K. Baines. 2000. The Coral, Solomon and Bismarck Seas Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 425-446. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Mangroves; Molluscs; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Wetlands
Ibrahim, Z. Z., A. Arshad, L. S. Chong, J. S. Bujang, L. A. Theem, N. M. R. Abdullah, and M. M. Marghany. 2000. East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 345-359. 2000 Malaysia; China Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jeng, W.-L., C.-F. Dai, and K.-L. Fan. 2000. Taiwan Strait. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 499-512. 2000 China; Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Johnson, A. K. L. and S. P. Ebert. 2000. Quantifying inputs of pesticides to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - A case study in the Herbert River catchment of North-East Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:302-309. 2000 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Labrosse, P., R. Fichez, R. Farman, and T. Adams. 2000. New Caledonia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 723-736. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Europe; France Agriculture; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Maragos, J. E. 2000. Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 791-812. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Pathogens; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Nhan, D. D., N. X. Duc, D. H. Duong, N. T. Tiep, and B. C. Que. 2000. Vietnam and adjacent Bien Dong (South China Sea). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 561-568. 2000 China; Vietnam Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity
Oakley, S., N. Pilcher, and E. Wood. 2000. Borneo. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 361-379. 2000 Global; Malaysia; Indonesia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Forestry; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Whales & Dolphins
O'Hara, T. D. 2000. Victoria province, Australia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 661-671. 2000 Australia; Europe Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands
Quod, J.-P., O. Naim, and F. Abdourazi. 2000. The Comoros archipelago. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 243-252. 2000 Global; Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Comoros; Mayotte; India Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment
Rajasuriya, A. and A. Premaratne. 2000. Sri Lanka. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 175-187. 2000 Indian Ocean; Cuba; Sri Lanka; India Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Tepsongkoh, P. 2000. Geoecology of Karst Topography in southern Thailand. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 122:247-272. 2000 Thailand; China Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Turner, J., C. Jago, D. Daby, and R. Klaus. 2000. The Mascarene Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 253-268. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Reunion; India Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. International Trade in Coral and Coral Reef Species: The Role of the United States. Report of the Trade Subgroup of the International Working Group to the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, Washington, D.C. 2000 Global Agriculture; Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sea Turtles; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Vazquez, F., R. Rangel, A. M. Quintero-Marmol, J. Fernandez, E. Aguayo, A. Palacio, and V. K. Sharma. 2000. Southern Gulf of Mexico. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 467-482. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Waldman, M. and Y. Shevah. 2000. Biological diversity - An overview. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 123:299-310. 2000 Global Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Wilson, S. C. 2000. Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 17-33. 2000 India; United Arab Emirates; Iran; Oman Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Zann, L. P. 2000. Northeastern Australia: The Great Barrier Reef region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 611-628. 2000 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Australian Region: An overview. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 579-592. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Sediment
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Eastern Australian Region: A dynamic tropical/temperate biotone. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:188-203. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
�1) Yu, S.; Earles, T.A., and G. Fitch [1998] ; 2) Earles, T.A. [1999]. 1999. 1) Constructed Wetlands for Stormwater Management.� Final Report, Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC)�99-R14 and 2) Earles, T. A.� 1999.� Mitigated Wetlands for the Control of Stormwater Runoff:� Monitoring and Management.� Dissertation, Unive. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Cavanagh, J. E., K. A. Burns, G. J. Brunskill, and R. J. Coventry. 1999. Organochlorine pesticide residues in soils and sediments of the Herbert and Burdekin River Regions, North Queensland - Implications for contamination of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 39:367-375. 1999 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heyman, W. D. and B. Kjerfve. 1999. Hydrological and oceanographic considerations for integrated coastal zone management in Southern Belize. Environmental Management 24:229-245. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Model Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Langmead, O. and N. E. Chadwick-Furman. 1999. Marginal tentacles of the corallimorpharian Rhodactis rhodostoma. 1. Role in competition for space. Marine Biology 134:479-489. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Lee Long, W. J., R. G. Coles, and L. J. McKenzie. 1999. Issues for seagrass conservation management in Queensland. Pacific Conservation Biology 5:321-328. 1999 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Molnia, B. F. and C. A. Hallam. 1999. Open skies aerial photography of selected areas in Central America affected by Hurricane Mitch. US Geological Survey Circular 1181:Jan-82. 1999 South & Central America Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Storms & Hurricanes
Powis, T. G., N. Stanchly, C. D. White, P. F. Healy, J. J. Awe, and F. Longstaffe. 1999. A reconstruction of Middle Preclassic Maya subsistence economy at Cahal Pech, Belize. Antiquity 73:364-376. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Agriculture; Corallivorous Fish; Land & Air Transportation; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Qi, L., L. M. Leslie, and S. X. Zhao. 1999. Cut-off low pressure systems over Southern Australia: Climatology and case study. International Journal of Climatology 19:1633-1649. 1999 Australia Agriculture
Weisler, M. I. 1999. The Antiquity of Aroid Pit Agriculture and Significance of Buried a Horizons on Pacific Atolls. Geoarchaeology - An International Journal 14:621-654. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Marshall Islands GIS & Maps Agriculture; Sediment; Snails & Conch
Berg, H., M. C. Ohman, S. Troeng, and O. Linden. 1998. Environmental economics of coral reef destruction in Sri Lanka. Ambio 27:627-634. 1998 Sri Lanka; Southeast Asia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley, and V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8:559-568. 1998 Review Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Dalzell, P. 1998. The role of archaeological and cultural-historical records in long-range coastal fisheries resources management strategies and policies in the Pacific Islands. Ocean and Coastal Management 40:237-252. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Molluscs
Duwig, C., T. Becquer, B. E. Clothier, and M. Vauclin. 1998. Nitrate leaching through oxisols of the Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) under intensified agricultural practices. Geoderma 84:29-43. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. 1998 Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Venezuela; India Model Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
[No author name available]. 1997. Special Issue: 5th symposium on our environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:1-615. 1997 Global; Malaysia; Southeast Asia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barry, G. A. and G. E. Rayment. 1997. Heavy metals and nutrients in soils and sediments of Raine Island, Great Barrier Reef. Pages 281-285 in Land Contamination and Reclamation. 1997 Australia; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Nutrients; Sediment
Daily, G. C., S. Alexander, P. R. Ehrlich, L. Goulder, J. Lubchenco, P. A. Matson, H. A. Mooney, S. Postel, S. H. Schneider, D.Tilman, and G. M. Woodwell. 1997. Ecosystem services: benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems. Issues in Ecology 1:1-18. 1997 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; Economic Markets & Policies; Forestry; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Hunter, D. J., L. G. G. Yapa, and N. V. Hue. 1997. Effects of green manure and coral lime on corn growth and chemical properties of an acid Oxisol in Western Samoa. Biology and Fertility of Soils 24:266-273. 1997 Samoa Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients
Macdonald, L. H., D. M. Anderson, and W. E. Dietrich. 1997. Paradise threatened: Land use and erosion on St. John, US Virgin Islands. Environmental Management 21:851-863. 1997 US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Mangroves; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies
Peters, E.C., N.J. Gassman, J.C. Firman, R.H. Richmonds, E.A. Power. 1997. Ecotoxicology of Tropical Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:12-40. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Rodgers, K. B., M. A. Cane, and D. P. Schrag. 1997. Seasonal variability of sea surface Δ14C in the equatorial Pacific in an ocean circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research 102:18627-18639. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Guam Model
Shaochun, XU and E. Poty. 1997. Rugose corals near the Tournaisian-Visean boundary in south China. Boletin - Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural: Seccion Geologica 92:349-363. 1997 China Agriculture; Sediment
Clark, J. R. 1996. Coastal zone management handbook. Coastal zone management handbook. 1996 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Agriculture; Aquaculture; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Harvey, L. D. D. 1996. Development of a risk-hedging CO2-emission policy, Part I: Risks of unrestrained emissions. Climatic change 34:Jan-40. 1996 Global Review Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 1996. Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay. 1996 Florida Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Pickering, H. 1996. Artificial reefs of bulk waste materials: A scientific and legal review of the suitability of using the cement stabilised by-products of coal-fired power stations. Marine Policy 20:483-497. 1996 Review Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Waste Management Policies
Richards, R. P., D. B. Baker, N. L. Creamer, J. W. Kramer, D. E. Ewing, B. J. Merryfield, and L. K. Wallrabenstein. 1996. Well water quality, well vulnerability, and agricultural contamination in the midwestern United States. Journal of Environmental Quality 25:389-402. 1996 India GIS & Maps Agriculture; Cultural Protections; Drinking Water Supply; Surface & Groundwater Flow
1995. GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES. United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, D.C.(USA). 1995 Global Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Wetlands
Pollnac Richard, B. and W. McManus John. 1995. Human factors in a coral reef database. Pages 100-101 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Basiago, A. D. 1994. Sustainable development in tropical forest ecosystems. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 1:34-40. 1994 South & Central America; Thailand; Papua New Guinea; Mexico Model Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Forestry
Bell, P. R. F. and T. Tomascik. 1994. The demise of the fringing coral reefs of Barbados and of regions in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon - impacts of eutrophication. Pages 319-325 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Collins, K. J., A. C. Jensen, A. P. M. Lockwood, and S. J. Lockwood. 1994. Coastal structures, waste materials and fishery enhancement. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1240-1250. 1994 Review Agriculture; Coal Mining; Coastal Defense; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Waste Management Policies
Huber, M. E. 1994. An assessment of the status of the coral reefs of Papua New Guinea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:69-73. 1994 Global; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment
Hutchings, P., C. Payri, and C. Gabrie. 1994. The current status of coral reef management in French Polynesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:26-33. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review Agriculture; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Non-point Source Runoff; Tourism & Recreation
Martin, G. R. and G. Katzir. 1994. Visual fields and eye movements in herons (Ardeidae). Brain, Behavior and Evolution 44:74-85. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring
Pernetta, J. 1994. Facing up to sea rise. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:11-Oct. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India Agriculture; Aquaculture; Climate; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Prove, B. G., T. J. McShane, J. R. Reghenzani, J. D. Armour, S. Sen, and P. W. Moody. 1994. Nutrient loss via drainage from the major agricultural industries on the wet tropical coast of Queensland. in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1994 Australia Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shinn, E. A., R. S. Reese, and C. D. Reich. 1994. Fate and pathways of injection-well effluent in the Florida Keys. 1994 Florida Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thomas, P. M. E. 1994. Everglades nutrient removal project. Pages 27-Nov in Proc. conference on explosives and blasting technique, Austin Texas, 1994. 1994 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Zann, L. P. 1994. The status of coral reefs in South Western Pacific Islands. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:52-61. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment
Abeykoon, A. T. 1993. Population, environment and sustainable development. Sri Lanka journal of social sciences 16:57-64. 1993 Sri Lanka Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mining Policies
Arakel, A. V., T. Loder, D. McConchie, and C. Pailles. 1993. Environmental consequences of land degradation in coastal drainage basins of north Queensland, Australia: influence of farming practices. Land Degradation & Rehabilitation 4:99-112. 1993 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. 1993 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Docks & Marinas; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Jones, G. W. 1993. Population, environment and sustainable development in Indonesia. Majalah Demografi Indonesia 20:20-Jan. 1993 Java; Indonesia Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation
Pailles, C., D. M. McConchie, A. V. Arakel, and P. Saenger. 1993. The distribution of phosphate in sediments of the Johnstone Rivers catchment-estuary system, North Queensland, Australia. Sedimentary Geology 85:253-269. 1993 Australia Agriculture; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Priced, A. R. G. 1993. The Gulf: Human impacts and management initiatives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:17-27. 1993 Global; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal
Robert Pitt and K. Dunkers. 1993. Lake Water Quality Improvements from Treatment of Stormwater Using the Flow Balancing Method, 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. Anaheim, CA. October 1993.; Detecting Water Quality Trends from Stormwater Discharge Reductions, Engineerin. in 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. 1993 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dalzell, P. 1992. Ciguatera fish poisoning and fisheries development in the South Pacific Region. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) 85:435-444. 1992 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Fish; Fishing Sector
Guzman, H. M. and C. E. Jimenez. 1992. Contamination of coral reefs by heavy metals along the Caribbean coast of Central America (Costa Rica and Panama). Marine Pollution Bulletin 24:554-561. 1992 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Imbach, A. 1992. 500 years after Columbus. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 1:18. 1992 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama Banks, Credit, & Securities; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Navarra, L. 1992. The island of San Pietro [L'isola di S. Pietro]. Universo 72:64-75. 1992 Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Franco, C. M. M. and L. E. L. Coutinho. 1991. Detection of novel secondary metabolites. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 11:193-276. 1991 Review Agriculture; Microorganisms
Gornitz, V. 1991. Global coastal hazards from future sea level rise. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 89:379-398. 1991 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Agriculture; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Muzik, K. 1991. Coral grief. Technology Review 94:60-67. 1991 Global Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sea Temperatures; Tourism & Recreation
Paw, J. N. and T.-E. Chua. 1991. Managing coastal resources in Cilacap, Indonesia, and Lingayen Gulf, Philippines - an ASEAN initiative. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:779-783. 1991 Java; Indonesia; Philippines Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rathnau Mary, M. 1991. Restoration for Arizona aquifers. Water Engineering and Management 138:20-22. 1991 Model Agriculture; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water
Roy, P. and J. Connell. 1991. Climatic change and the future of atoll states. Journal of Coastal Research 7:1057-1075. 1991 Global; Maldives; Tuvalu; Marshall Islands; Kiribati Agriculture; Climate; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
White Alan, T. and NE LS ON Lopez. 1991. Coastal resources management planning and implementation for the Fishery Sector Program of the Philippines. Pages 762-775 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Cultural Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Glenn, E. P. and M. S. Doty. 1990. Growth of the seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii, K. striatum and Eucheuma denticulatum as affected by environment in Hawaii. Aquaculture 84:245-255. 1990 US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines Agriculture; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Meiorin, E.C. 1989. �Urban Runoff Treatment in a Fresh/Brackish Water Marsh in Fremont, California�, in: Hammer, D.A. (Ed.) Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, pp. 677-685. 1989 Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Soekarno, R. 1989. Comparative studies on the status of Indonesian coral reefs. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23:215-222. 1989 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Hatcher, B. G. 1988. Coral reef primary productivity: A beggar's banquet. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 3:106-111. 1988 Review Agriculture; Primary Production
Kuhlmann, D. H. H. 1988. The sensitivity of coral reefs to environmental pollution. Ambio 17:13-21. 1988 Japan Agriculture; Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Rubec, P. J. 1988. The need for conservation and management of Philippine coral reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 23:141-154. 1988 Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Hain, J. H. W. 1987. Belize. Oceanus 30:76-84. 1987 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Agriculture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Thia-Eng, CH UA and N. Paw James. 1987. Aquaculture Development And Coastal Zone Management In Southeast Asia: Conflicts And Complementary. Pages 2007-2021 in [No source information available]. 1987 Southeast Asia Review Agriculture; Aquaculture; Mangroves
[No author name available]. 1985. Another port for Florida? PORT DEV. INT3:-22. 1985 Florida Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Forestry
Evans, C., J. E. Maragos, and P. Holtus. 1985. Reef corals in Kaneohe Bay six years before and after termination of sewage discharges (Oahu, Hawaiian Archipelago). Pages 189-194 in Proceedings of the fifth international coral reef congress. Tahiti. 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Military; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral
Moyer, J. T., H. Higuchi, K. Matsuda, and M. Hasegawa. 1985. Threat to unique terrestrial and marine environments and biota in a Japanese National Park. Environmental Conservation 12:293-301. 1985 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Caribbean Agriculture; Fish; Forestry; Housing; Land & Air Transportation; Military; Stony Coral
Somerville, I. D. and G. L. Jones. 1985. The Courceyan stratigraphy of the Pallaskenry Borehole, County Limerick, Ireland. Geological Journal 20:377-400. 1985 Britain Agriculture
Isdale, P. 1984. Fluorescent bands in massive corals record centuries of coastal rainfall. Nature 310:578-579. 1984 Australia Agriculture; Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Lal, P. N. 1984. Environmental implications of coastal development in Fiji. Ambio 13:316-321. 1984 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Agriculture; Coastal Development; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Wilkie, A., M. Barry, P. J. Reynolds, N. O'Kelly, and E. Colleran. 1984. Anaerobic Filter Digestion Of Agricultural Wastes. Pages 306-314 in Solar Energy R&D in the European Community, Series E: Energy from Biomass. 1984 Europe Agriculture; Wastewater Discharge
Finn, D. 1983. Land use and abuse in the East African region. Ambio 12:296-301. 1983 Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hayakaya, Y. 1983. Land use for agriculture and flora in the Nansei Islands classified by ecological geography. The relationship between beef cattle raising and establishment of subclimax grasslands or arable land. Bulletin - Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station 22:605-665. 1983 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture
Lum, D. 1983. Limestone Resources Of Hawaii. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Society 274:1991-1996. 1983 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Golf Course Operations; Manufacturing & Trade; Ports & Harbors; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rapson, A. M. 1983. Economic management of lagoons. Ocean Management 8:297-304. 1983 Australia Agriculture; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Schoeninger, M. J. and M. DeNiro. 1983. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen reflect marine and terrestrial components of prehistoric human diet. Science 220:1381-1383. 1983 Bahamas; India Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Wilson, A. D. and F. G. Beecroft. 1983. Soils of the Ha'apai Group, Kingdom of Tonga. New Zealand Soil Survey Report 67. 1983 Tonga GIS & Maps Forestry
Bird, E. C. F. 1982. The management of coastal resources in tropical Australia. Pages 77-84 Man, Land and Sea. 1982 Australia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Campbell, I. B. 1982. Soils of Atiu, Cook Islands. New Zealand Soil Survey Report 54. 1982 Cook Islands GIS & Maps Agriculture; Nutrients
Curry-Lindahl, K. 1982. A tale of mismanagement at sea. ORYX 16:415-420. 1982 Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Finn, D. P. 1982. Soil loss in developing countries and its relationship to marine resources: examples from East Africa. in [No source information available]. 1982 Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lees, A. and M. Hennebert. 1982. Carbonate rocks of the Knap Farm borehole at Cannington Park, Somerset. UK Institute of Geological Sciences, Report 82:18-36. 1982 Agriculture
Goldstein, Alan. 1981. Upland Detention/Retention Demonstration Project. 1981 Florida Agriculture; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Grove, L. and C. James. 1980. The journal of the Cambridge University Explorers' & Travellers' Club. Cambridge Expeditions Journal 0. 1980 South & Central America; Jamaica; Belize; Kenya GIS & Maps Agriculture; Algae
Lawrence, R. J. 1979. Land use of a reef island: Tamana ( Gilbert Islands). Photo-Interpretation 2:16-Sep. 1979 Agriculture
Hayden, B. P., R. Dolan, S. Hoffman, and A. Robinson. 1978. Shoreline erosion in a reef-beach system. Environmental Management 2:209-218. 1978 US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Olafson, R. W. 1978. Effect of agricultural activity on levels of organochlorine pesticides in hard corals, fish and molluscs from the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Environmental Research 1:87-107. 1978 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Molotlegi, GE OR GE. 1975. Mining In The Homelands. South African Mining and Engineering Journal 88:11-Oct. 1975 South Africa Agriculture; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining
Wiebe, W. J., R. E. Johannes, and K. L. Webb. 1975. Nitrogen fixation in a coral reef community. Science 188:257-259. 1975 Marshall Islands Agriculture; Nutrients
Dugan, G. L. and R. H. F. Young. 1973. Effects of coastal water disposal in Hawaii. Pages 691-701 in J.ENVIRONM.ENGN DIV.PROC.ASCE. 1973 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
Peres, J. M. and J. Picard. 1969. Reflexions sur la structure trophique des edifices recifaux. Marine Biology 3:227-232. 1969 Madagascar Algae; Fish; Plankton; Primary Production
Odum, H. T. and E. P. Odum. 1955. Trophic structure and productivity of a windward coral reef community on Eniwetok Atoll. Ecological Monographs 25:291-320. 1955
Lewis, S. E., J. E. Brodie, Z. T. Bainbridge, K. W. Rohde, A. M. Davis, B. L. Masters, M. Maughan, M. J. Devlin, J. F. Mueller, and B. Schaffelke. Herbicides: A new threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Pollution Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Terry, J. P. and K. Khatri. People, pigs and pollution - experiences with applying participatory learning and action (PLA) methodology to identify problems of pig-waste management at the village level in Fiji. Journal of Cleaner Production 0. Fiji Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Livestock Waste Storage and Utilization Confined animal facilities often produce large amounts of animal waste. This waste can be stored and disposed of in a variety of ways, and it is important to consider how rainwater may carry these wastes in groundwater. Wastes can be kept in temporary storage ponds, storage structures, or treatment lagoons. Once composted, these wastes may be applied to agricultural land in an environmentally acceptable manner in place of other fertilizers. Site selection, timing of application and rate of application must be properly managed to reduce the potential for degradation of ground water. Additionally, this practice may increase microbial action in the soil surface, which helps keep pesticides and other pollutants in place. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Change Agricultural Cover Crop Practices Cover crop outreach entails changing agricultural practices in an area to leave vegetation and cover on the soil while growing other crops (e.g. Coffee). Agricultural practices that encourage leaving soil bare are extremely susceptible to erosion (e.g. sun grown Coffee). Cover crop methods and shade-grown crops (e.g. shade-grown Coffee) would reduce the large amount of sediment that is eroding, particularly from high elevations, and ultimately will reduce the amount of sediment that reaches the coral reefs. Options to encourage transition to cover crop practices include outreach to raise awareness of benefits and cost share programs to help farmers with the burden of the extra expense. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Conservation Cover. CODE 327. US Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Donations; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Responses; Sediment
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Composting Composting involves the controlled aerobic decomposition of manure or other organic material by micro-organisms into a biologically stable organic material that is suitable for use as a soil supplement. Composting should be part of nutrient management plans because it reduces the pollution potential of organic wastes. Smaller scale household composting may reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream, where again it may have greater pollution potential. Larger volumes of material may require construction of containment facilities to ensure pollutants aren't able to enter runoff water in high concentrations. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Landscaping & Household Services; Littering; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Contour Farming Contour Farming involves sloping land in such a way that field preparation, planting and cultivating are done on the contour. This includes following established grades of terraces or diversions. During heavy rains the crop rows formed slow water runoff reducing erosion and water runoff of non-point source pollutants such as agricultural herbicides and fertilizers. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Fertilizer Application Management This agricultural best management practice involves the development, implementation and periodic update of nutrient management plans. Nutrient management plans are used to efficiently apply nutrients at appropriate rates so as to still achieve desired crop yields. There are several important measures and considerations that must be taken before developing the nutrient plan. Farm and field maps, yield expectations, nutrient resources, and geologic field limitations are all important. Some crops fix nitrogen, such as legumes, and have a nitrogen credit that must be factored. Field limitations include shallow aquifers, nearby surface water, sinkholes, and highly erodible soils. If the nutrients to be applied aren�t commercial they must be assessed to determine the nutrient value and the rate of availability of the nutrients. The nutrient plan�s timing and application methods should use the limiting nutrient concept and avoid applications to frozen soil and during periods of leaching or runoff. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Jokela, Bill, Peter Kleinman, John Peters, and Ann Wolf,. 2011. Manure Spreader Calibration & Manure Testing.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Grazing Land Management This management option protects range, pasture and other types of grazing lands for agricultural animals. Special actions should be taken to protect sensitive areas such as streams, wetlands and estuaries if livestock is to have access to these areas. Grazing management practices can be categorized into four types, vegetative stabilization, grazing management systems, access limitations and alternative water supplies. Vegetative stabilization involves reestablishing the vegetative cover on ranges after it has been removed by grazing to reduce erosion rates. Grazing management systems typically reduce the time livestock spend in each pasture to increase the quantity and quality of vegetation in those pastures. Grazing frequency, timing, duration, area allocation, and livestock distribution kind, class, distribution and stocking rates should all be considered in the management system to ensure adequate pasture rehabilitation. Access limitations, such as fencing and stream crossings are used to herd and control livestock movement. Physical disturbance from livestock can increase erosion, so crossings and watering access points should be hardened. Alternative water supplies are an alternative to more sensitive water sources that may be vulnerable to erosion and discharges from grazing areas. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Hydroseeding High Risk Soils Hydroseeding is a process that creates a slurry of seeds, water, and mulch. This slurry can be applied with the use of trucks, trailers, and even aircrafts. This method is particularly useful because it promotes quick germination and reduces erosion. It is especially beneficial to use this method where there is a vastness of bare soil due to clearing vegetation for roads, homes, and farming. Higher elevations are typically steeper and often experience heavy rainfall, and ultimately an extreme amount of erosion occurs if soil is bare. Erosion from the highlands can fill the reservoirs in the drainage basin with sediment. Using hydroseeding would increase vegetation and ultimately the stabilization of the soil. Also, increased vegetation through hydroseeding would help with infiltration rates because the roots would aerate the soil. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Reef Life; Sediment
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Waterspreading This management option uses a system of dams, dikes, ditches, or other means of diverting or collecting runoff from natural channels, gullies, or streams and spreading it over relatively flat areas. Waterspreading differs from irrigation in that applications are timed by the availability of natural runoff flow rather than scheduled to meet plant needs. Waterspreading is most beneficial in areas with an average annual precipitation of 8 to 25 inches. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Resources
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Phase Out Unwanted Subsidies Subsidies are often offered to promote certain types of growth and development. At a later time, with changing priorities, it may be determined that these types of growth and development are no longer optimal. For example, sun grown coffee, was subsidized in Guancia Bay, PR, as it was expected to have higher future market demand. However, it requires clearing large tracts of land on steep, extremely erodible clay soils. This leads to high volumes of erosion because there is no vegetation to anchor the soil in place. Now these subsidies are promoting sun grown coffee even though shade grown is better for the land and reefs because it reduces erosion, extreme runoff, and adds vegetation to the land. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Banks, Credit, & Securities; City Planning; Corporate Responses; Decision Support; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Pond Sealing Waste treatment ponds and pits are useful methods of treatment, but premature seepage from these storage impoundments would also have negative impacts. Bentonite Liner Treatment, Compacted Clay Treatment, Flexible membrane, and Soil Dispersant Treatment are all options for sealing treatment impoundments, depending on the specific soil suitability and other criteria. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Sodic Soil Management In coastal agriculture it is important to manage and reduce accumulations of salts on the soil surface and down to the crop rooting depth. Saline seep often occurs in crop areas where the water table is very shallow. Irrigation management or drainage improvements may be necessary. Another option may be subsoiling, where internal soil drainage is restricted by layers of contrasting permeability and soil moisture levels are low enough to allow shattering and mixing of soil layers. Vegetative measures include planting deep rooted crops such as wheatgrass and alfalfa. Soil amendments can be used to treat sodium, displacing it with calcium depending on the specific chemistry of the soil. Though crop yield does not directly impact coral reefs, ground water restoration projects may change the raise the water table, making sodic soil management important. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Chemical Discharge Controls: Research impacts and alternatives This plan involves researching the impacts of current spraying practices on sanctuary resources and indentifying alternative means of mosquito control. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water
Chemical Discharge Controls: Integrated pest Management Modify mosquito control programs/regulations The results of pesticide research program can be used to modify the existing mosquito control program as necessary. (312) NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water
Corporate Response: Standardized Environmental Certifications and Labels Product labeling initiatives are based on the premise that product information represented by or contained on the label is otherwise not readily available (or apparent) and is of value in consumer purchase decisions. For example, warning labels highlight product safety and toxic exposure hazards and advise consumers on ways to minimize risks. Likewise, a number of environmental certification programs (ECPs) identify products' environmental burdens and/or set standards for products' environmental attributes. Properly designed environmental labeling efforts can change consumer and manufacturer attitudes and behaviors, thus reducing environmental burdens. The specific metrics used to measure environmental label effectiveness include: 1) consumer awareness of labels, 2) consumer acceptance of labels (credibility and understanding), 3) changes in consumer behavior, 4) changes in manufacturer behavior, and 5) improvement of end goals, such as environmental quality. Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Forestry; Health; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Birds; Medical Care; Medical Centers; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Resource Use Management; Toxics; Transportation; Utilities; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal
Resource Use Management: Develop Water Efficiency Initiatives Reducing water use through cost effective water efficiency improvements can be beneficial as it reduces pressure on water as a finite resource and saves money. There are several ways water efficiency can be promoted. Some Water Efficiency BMPs recommended by the EPA include: Water Management Planning; Information and Education Programs; Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection and Repair; Water-Efficient Landscaping, Water-Efficient Irrigation; Toilets and Urinals; Faucets and Showerheads; Boiler/Steam Systems; Single-Pass Cooling Equipment; Cooling Tower Management; Commercial Kitchen Equipment; Laboratory/ Medical Equipment; Other Water Intensive Processes; Alternative Water Sources. One of the ways the US government has promoted Water Efficiency Initiatives is through Executive order 13123 which places certain water use reduction requirements on Federal Agencies. There are also existing funding and incentives for non-government sectors. Project funding comes in many forms, such as appropriations, energy savings performance contract (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contract (UESCs) programs; ratepayer incentive programs such as rebates from public benefit funds or utilities; and the retention of energy and water cost savings. US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423.

Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Water Efficiency Best Management Practices. Federal Energy Management Program Accessed 7/12/2011.

Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Designated Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Textiles & Apparel; Utilities; Utility Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Stormwater Pollution Reduction Through Instituting Preventitive Best Management Practices This method focuses on reducing the amount of harmful contaminants in stormwater runoff by establishing Best Management Practices that prevent the generation of the pollutant to begin with. These BMPs include educational programs, infrastructure improvements and agricultural BMPs. Examples of educational programs would be programs that educate the public on the importance of, and how to avoid depositing hazardous wastes, such as oil, into storm drains, or how to use landscape management controls to limit the chemical and debris that from enter stormwater runoff from their personal lawns. Infrastructure improvement could include the use of alternative turnarounds and street cleaning. Agricultural practices such as roofs and covers for pesticides and equipment, or use of bedding are both preventative stormwater practices. Some additional specific practices include: controlling fertilizer application, properly using and disposing of fertilizers, pesticides, motor oil, and other harmful chemicals, debris removal, exposure reduction, minimization of pollutants, parking lot cleaning, stormwater catch basin insert, eliminate curbs and gutters, green parking, green roofs, street design and patterns, bedding. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

US EPA. Alternative Turnarounds. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Eliminate Curbs and Gutters. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Parking. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Street Design and Patterns. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Agriculture; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Housing; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Mining; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Industry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Transportation Policy: Dust Control Application This action is taken to control dust from unpaved roads and other surfaces, which is generated by traffic and/or wind. Some dust control products (palliatives) for application include: water, hydroscopic palliatives, adhesive, petroleum emulsion, polymer emulsion, clay additive, and bituminous. There are specific considerations for application of each, including seasons and when to use which. For example, hygroscopic palliatives (control dust by absorbing water from the air) shall not be used in arid and semi-arid environments. Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride shall not be used in locations where the daily summertime relative humidity averages below 30%. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land & Air Transportation; Mining; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Water Quality Management: Refine Pest Spraying Program This strategy aims to reduce the amount of pesticides that could potentially enter the water from spraying for pests such as mosquitoes. A site-specific combination of pest prevention, pest avoidance, pest monitoring, and pest suppression strategies (PAMs) should be used. Aerial spraying is often used only when the mosquito concentration reaches a specific threshold. The mosquito spraying strategy would review the aerial spraying threshold to see if it could be raised, to reduce frequency of use. Refining spraying technologies would be advocated to see if newer techniques/technologies would possibly reduce the amount of pesticides released over water. For identified water quality concerns related to pesticide leaching, solution runoff and adsorbed runoff, the current version of the USDA-NRCS WIN-PST program should be used to evaluate potential risks to humans and/or fish, as appropriate, for each pesticide to be used. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). CODE 595. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Controls; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Toxics
Waterway Management: Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure Canal and irrigation infrastructure typically includes concrete structures to control the flow of water. These low head dams, bulkheads, concrete footers, and other structures act as constricting forces in channels. This constriction leads to debris becoming lodged and thus changing the erosive forces. In turn, banks become destabilized. Channel erosion then increases along with bed scour and sediment transport. Removing these structures and making banks more gradual has the added benefit of allowing for riparian vegetation to be planted, which acts as a natural buffer. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Stream Bank Riparian Plantings Planting native vegetation and trees in riparian zones helps to reduce erosion within channels. Such vegetation helps anchor the soil and sediment in place. Planting in riparian zones goes in hand with Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure (#274). This management option can be exercised in streams, canals used for boat passage, stormwater drainage ditches, or in agricultural irrigation channels. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Carbon Storage & Cycling; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Sediment; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Utilities; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Identification of impaired surface waters, 62-303 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2002). The Chapter established a methodology to identify surface waters of the state that will be included on the state's planning list of waters that will be assessed pursuant to subsections 403.067(2) and (3), Florida Statutes. It also establishes a methodology to identify impaired waters based on representative data that will be included on the state's verified list of impaired waters, for which the Department will calculate Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs), pursuant to subsection 403.067(4), F.S., and which will be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to paragraph 303(d)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA).

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Microorganisms; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Total maximum daily loads, 62-304 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). The Chapter establishes Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), and their allocations, for waters that have been verified to be impaired by a pollutant pursuant to Chapter 62-303. F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Envitonmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
United States; State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Biomedical Research Policies; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Impervious Surfaces; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Water Resources Planning Act of 1965, as amended through 2000, 42 United States Code § 1692. Established the Water Resources Council to be comprised of Cabinet representatives, including the Secretary of the Interior. The Council reviews river basin plans with respect to agricultural, urban, energy, industrial, recreational, and fish and wildlife needs. The Act also established a grant program to assist states in participating in the development of comprehensive water and land use plans.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Agriculture; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation

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