PE4.01 (SUPERSEDED) MetaData - OREGON FILBERTS (HAZELNUTS)

MetaData

The field used to represent filbert production in Oregon is located in Washington County, in the Willamette Valley. According to the 1997 Census of Agriculture, Oregon is the leading producer of filberts in the U.S. Washington County is the second highest producing county in Oregon. Trees seldom require irrigation. The floor of the groves are kept smooth to permit easy harvesting of the nuts that have fallen to the ground, which occurs from September through November. The soil selected to simulate the field is a Cornelius silt loam. Cornelius silt loam, is a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Fragixeralfs. The series is used to produce berries, orchards, small grain and seed crop, hay and pasture. Cornelius silt loam is a moderately deep, moderately well drained, moderately slowly permeable soil with slow to medium runoff. The soil has a fragipan at about 2 feet. These soils formed in silt loess-like materials over mixed, fine-silty old alluvium of mixed origin. They are found on gently sloping to rolling low hills ans steep hill slopes with convex, long slopes and ridgetops at elevation of 350 to 800 feet above mean sea level. Slopes range from 2 to 60 percent. The series is not very extensive. Cornelius silt loam is a Hydrologic Group C soil.

Table 1.
PRZM 3.12 Climate and Time Parameters for Washington County, Oregon - Filberts
Parameter Value Source
Starting Date January 1, 1948 Meteorological File - Salem, OR (W24232)
Ending Date December 31, 1983 Meteorological File - Salem, OR (W24232)
Pan Evaporation Factor (PFAC) 0.74 PRZM Manual Figure 5.1 (EPA, 1998)
Snowmelt Factor (SFAC) 0.2 cm C- 1 PRZM Manual Table 5.1 (EPA, 1998)
Minimum Depth of Evaporation (ANETD) 17.0 cm PRZM Manual Figure 5.2 (EPA, 1998)
Table 2.
PRZM 3.12 Erosion and Landscape Parameters for Washington County, Oregon - Filberts
Parameter Value Source
Method to Calculate Erosion (ERFLAG) 4 (MUSS) PRZM Manual (EPA, 1998)
USLE K Factor (USLEK) 0.33 tons EI-1* Farm Manual, Table 3.1 (EPA, 1985)
USLE LS Factor (USLELS) 3.62 Haan and Barfield, 1978
USLE P Factor (USLEP) 1.0 Set according to guidance (EPA, 2001)
Field Area (AFIELD) 172 ha Area of Shipman Reservoir watershed (EPA, 1999)
NRCS Hyetograph (IREG) 4 PRZM Manual Figure 5.12 (EPA, 1998)
Slope (SLP) 12% Value set to maximum for crop (EPA, 2001)
Hydraulic Length (HL) 600 m Shipman Reservoir (EPA, 1999)

* EI = 100 ft-tons * in/ acre*hr

Table 3.
PRZM 3.12 Crop Parameters for Washington County, Oregon - Filberts
Parameter Value Source
Initial Crop (INICRP) 1 Set to one for all crops (EPA, 2001)
Initial Surface Condition (ISCOND) 3 Set to reside prior to new crop planting; forest floor or meadow.
Number of Different Crops (NDC) 1 Set to crops in simulation - generally one
Number of Cropping Periods (NCPDS) 36 Set to weather data. Salem, OR (W24232)
Maximum rainfall interception storage of crop (CINTCP) 0.25 Set to default for orchards (EPA, 2001)
Maximum Active Root Depth (AMXDR) 90 cm Set to partial soil series profile depth based on root penetrating the fragipan. Roots may grow to as much as 20 feet.
Maximum Canopy Coverage (COVMAX) 75 Based on aerial photography
Soil Surface Condition After Harvest (ICNAH) 3 Orchards floor maintained similar to a meadow
Date of Crop Emergence
(EMD, EMM, IYREM)		 05/03 Leaf/flower emergence Exithttp://horticulture.oregonstate.edu/
Full Canopy
Leaf Fall
Date of Crop Maturity
(MAD, MAM, IYRMAT)		 15/04
Date of Crop Harvest
(HAD, HAM, IYRHAR)		 10/11
Maximum Dry Weight (WFMAX) 0.0 Set to "0" Not used in simulation
SCS Curve Number (CN) 84, 79, 82 Gleams Manual Table A.3, meadow; condition good (USDA, 1990)
Manning's N Value (MNGN) 0.040 RUSLE Project, A13OFOFN for orchards, no-till- Salem, OR (USDA, 2000)
USLE C Factor (USLEC) 0.005 - 0.034 RUSLE Project; A13OFOFN for orchards, no-till- Salem, OR (USDA, 2000)
Table 4.
PRZM 3.12 Cornelius Soil Parameters for Washington County, Oregon - Filberts
Parameter Value Verification Source
Total Soil Depth (CORED) 148 cm NRCS, National Soils Characterization Database (NRCS, 2001)
Number of Horizons (NHORIZ) 5
  First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Soil Horizons (HORIZN = 1,2,3,4,5)  
Horizon Thickness (THKNS)
  • 15 cm (HORIZN = 1,3)
  • 13 cm (HORIZN = 2)
  • 55 cm (HORIZN = 4)
  • 50 cm (HORIZN = 5)
 NRCS, National Soils Characterization Database (NRCS, 2001) http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/site/soils/home/
Bulk Density (BD)
  • 1.30 g cm-3 (HORIZN = 1)
  • 1.38 g cm-3 (HORIZN = 2)
  • 1.58 g cm-3 (HORIZN = 3)
  • 1.52 g cm-3 (HORIZN = 4)
  • 1.46 g cm-3 (HORIZN = 5)
Initial Water Content (THETO)
  • 0.329 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =1)
  • 0.338 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =2)
  • 0.340 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =3)
  • 0.358 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =4)
  • 0.202 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =5)
Compartment Thickness (DPN)
  • 0.1 cm (HORIZN = 1)
  • 1.0 cm (HORIZN = 2,3)
  • 5.0 cm (HORIZN = 4,5)
Field Capacity (THEFC)
  • 0.329 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =1)
  • 0.338 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =2)
  • 0.340 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =3)
  • 0.358 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =4)
  • 0.202 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN =5)
Wilting Point (THEWP)
  • 0.099 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN = 1)
  • 0.108 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN = 2)
  • 0.110 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN = 3)
  • 0.148 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN = 4)
  • 0.142 cm3-H2O cm3-soil (HORIZN = 5)
Organic Carbon Content (OC)
  • 2.30% (HORIZN = 1)
  • 1.11% (HORIZN = 2)
  • 0.21% (HORIZN = 3)
  • 0.145% (HORIZN = 4)
  • 0.07% (HORIZN = 5)

EPA. 1985. Field Agricultural Runoff Monitoring (FARM) Manual, (EPA/600/3-85/043) Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.

EPA. 1998. Carsel, R.F., J.C. Imhoff, P.R. Hummel, J.M. Cheplick, and A.S. Donigian, Jr. PRZM-3, A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: Users Manual for Release 3.0. National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.

EPA. 1999. Jones, R.D., J. Breithaupt, J. Carleton, L. Libelo, J. Lin, R. Matzner, and R. Parker. Guidance for Use of the Index Reservoir in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. D.C.

EPA. 2001. Abel, S.A. Procedure for Conducting Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Existing and New PRZM Field and Orchard Crop Standard Scenarios. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.

Haan, C.T. and B.J. Barfield. 1978. Hydrology and Sedimentology of Surface Mined Lands. Office of Continuing Education and Extension, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506. pp. 286.

USDA. 1990. Davis, F.M., R.A. Leonard, W.G. Knisel. GLEAMS User Manual, Version 1.8.55. USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Tifton GA. SEWRL-030190FMD.

USDA. 2000. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) EPA Pesticide Project. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Agricultural Research Service (ARS).

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