CAIR Reduces Texas’ Emissions
- By 2015, CAIR will help Texas sources reduce emissions
of sulfur dioxide (SO2) by 226,000 tons or 39 percent.
SO2 Emissions (thousand tons) |
2003 |
2010 |
2015 |
Texas SO2 emissions without CAIR |
578 |
417 |
418 |
Texas SO2 emissions with CAIR |
N/A |
398 |
352 |
- By 2015, CAIR will help Texas sources reduce emissions
of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 52,000 tons or 25 percent.
NOx Emissions (thousand tons) |
2003 |
2009 |
2015 |
Texas NOx emissions without CAIR |
211 |
186 |
179 |
Texas NOx emissions with CAIR |
N/A |
167 |
159 |
CAIR Helps Texas and its Neighbors
- Because air emissions travel across state boundaries,
reducing the emissions from sources in Texas also will reduce fine
particle pollution in other areas of the country.
- Currently, Texas sources significantly contribute to fine
particle pollution in:
Illinois
- Texas’ ground-level ozone air quality will improve
because of reductions of NOx in:
Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana & Mississippi
CAIR Makes Texas’ Air Cleaner
- CAIR helps Texas meet and maintain the National Ambient
Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone and fine particle
pollution.
- SO2 and NOx contribute to the formation of fine particles (PM),
and NOx contributes to the formation of ground-level ozone.
- Areas meeting the NAAQS are in attainment. Those areas not meeting
the standards are known as “nonattainment areas.”
Fine Particle Pollution
- At the end of 2004, no Texas counties were designated nonattainment
for EPA’s health-based standards for fine particle pollution
(PM).
Ground-level Ozone
- At the end of 2004, 23 Texas counties were designated nonattainment
for EPA’s health-based standards for 8-hour ozone pollution.
- Existing Clean Air Act Programs will bring 3 of these counties
into attainment by 2010:
1. Bexar County San Antonio, TX Area
2. Comal County San Antonio, TX Area
3. Guadalupe County San Antonio, TX Area
- Existing Clean Air Act Programs will bring 9 more of those counties into attainment
by 2015:
1. Collin County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
2. Dallas County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
3. Denton County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
4. Ellis County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
5. Johnson County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
6. Kaufman County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
7. Parker County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
8. Rockwall County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
9. Tarrant County Dallas-Fort Worth, TX Area
- CAIR will help bring three more counties into attainment by 2015:
1. Hardin County Beaumont/Port Arthur, TX Area
2. Jefferson County Beaumont/Port Arthur, TX Area
3. Orange County Beaumont/Port Arthur, TX Area
- CAIR will help reduce particle pollution in the remaining
counties:
1. Brazoria County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
2. Chambers County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
3. Fort Bend County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
4. Galveston County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
5. Harris County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
6. Liberty County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
7. Montgomery County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
8. Waller County Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX Area
CAIR is Smart for Texas' Economy
- CAIR helps maintain coal as a viable fuel/energy source.
- Regional electricity prices are not significantly impacted by CAIR,
and are projected to be below 2000 levels.
Average Retail Electricity
Prices (AREP) in 1999 dollars |
2000 |
2010 |
2015 |
Texas’ AREP without CAIR (mills/kWh*) |
65.1 |
57.9 |
64.4 |
Texas’ AREP with CAIR (mills/kWh*) |
N/A |
59.4 |
64.5 |
*mill = 1/10 of a cent |
Notes:
1) Partial counties are identified by (P) following the county
name.
2) Projections concerning future levels of air pollution in specific
geographic locations were estimated using the best scientific models
available. They are estimations, however, and should be characterized
as such in any description. Actual results may vary significantly
if any of the factors that influence air quality differ from the
assumed values used in the projections shown here.
3) Small emission increases can occur in a state under CAIR where
shifts in power generation occur, but overall improvements occur
throughout the CAIR region. The Final CAIR includes a compliance
supplement pool of NOx allowances (roughly 200,000 allowances)
for the annual program, which could lead to slightly higher annual
NOx emissions than are stated here.
4) The data presented here is based on recently completed, revised
Integrated Planning Modeling (IPM), reflecting CAIR as finalized. This recent data may
differ slightly from modeling results in the Final CAIR Federal
Register Notice and Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) which were based on modeling that was completed
before EPA had determined the final scope of CAIR. The primary
difference in the earlier modeling included AR, DE, and NJ in the
annual SO2/NOx requirements, and did not include an ozone season
cap on any states.
5) Emissions reductions take into account state and federal pollution
control programs in place when EPA last updated its models in mid-2004.
Reductions from more recent state programs or settlement actions
are not reflected in these tables.
6) Retail electricity prices are by North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) region.
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