Pesticides: Science and Policy

The Microarray Research Laboratory is a new facility founded in 2003 by the Office of Pesticide Program's (OPP) to conduct groundbreaking research in the genotoxicity of antimicrobials.

Location: EPA's Environmental Science Center at Fort Meade, Maryland

The Microarray Research Laboratory employs DNA microarray or Gene-chips ®, a newly-developing technology and method, to identify toxicogenotoxic effects of various disinfectants on bacterial cell response. By using microarrays, the lab produces global gene expression profiles in pathogenic bacteria following exposure to antimicrobial agents. The global gene profiles are then analyzed to help us understand the mechanisms involved in toxicity and resistance. More specifically, the aims of the laboratory are to:

• Integrate the recent advances in the field of genomics into current microbiological techniques for testing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents
• Analyze genome-wide changes in pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in response to exposure to antimicrobials and explore how these responses manifest themselves via variations in structural, physiological and metabolic properties
• Compare responding genes to those of other bacteria and determine signature genes correlated to a mechanism of action and lethality
• Investigate cell-to-cell signaling among bacterial pathogens when their pathogenicity is determined by the secretion and perception of signal molecules

OPP anticipates that this exciting research will provide useful data for healthcare facilities, patients and scientists as well as a training ground for students interested in genomics research.

Links to non-EPA web sites containing research from the Microarray Research Laboratory are provided in the publications and presentations sections. You will leave the EPA.gov domain and enter another page with more information. EPA cannot attest to the accuracy of information on that non-EPA page. Providing links to a non-EPA Web site is not an endorsement of the other site or the information it contains by EPA or any of its employees. Also, be aware that the privacy protection provided on the EPA.gov domain (see Privacy and Security Notice) may not be available at the external link.

Publications

List of published research

1. C. Nde, F. Toghrol, H. Jang and W. Bentley (2010), Toxicogenomic Response of Mycobacterium bovis BCG to Peracetic acid and Comparative Analysis of the M. bovis BCG Response to Three Oxidative Disinfectants, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 90:277-304.
   http://http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2931-6
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/AMB-Myco-peracetic-acid.pdf
   
2. H. Jang, C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). Microarray Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Revealed Induction of Iron Acquisition Related Genes in Response to Hydrogen peroxide. Environmental Science and Technology 43:9465-9472.
   http://pubs.acs.org/articlesonrequest/AOR-pzXk3aiNfSiUfKsryzuU
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/EST_hydrogenperoxide_M.bovis.pdf
   
3. H. Jang, C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009) Global Transcriptome Analysis of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG Response to Sodium hypochlorite, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 85:127-140.
   http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2208-0
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/AMB_bleach_M.bovis.pdf
   
4. C. Nde, H. Jang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). Global Transcriptomic Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Chlorhexidine diacetate. Environmental Science and Technology Journal 43:8406-8415.
   http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/es9015475
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/EST_CHX_pae.pdf
   
5. C. Nde, H. Jang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2008).Toxicogenomic Effects of Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Genomics 9:473-490.
   http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/473
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/BMC%20genomics_PAE_OPP.pdf
   
6. H. Jang, C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2008).Toxicogenomic Effects of Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) on Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Genomics 9:411-430.
   http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/411
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/BMCGenomics_OPP_Sau.pdf
   
7. H. Jang, W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2007). Microarray Analysis of Toxicogenomic Effects of Triclosan on Staphylococcus aureus. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology 78:695-707.
   http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1349-x
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/AMB_Jang%20et%20al.pdf
   
8. W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2007). Toxicogenomic Response to Chlorination Includes Induction of Major Virulence Genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Environmental Science and Technology 41:7570-7575.
   http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/asap/abs/es070929k.html
   http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es070929k
   http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=18044543&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez. Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
   
9. D. Small, W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2007). Comparative Global Transcription Analysis of Sodium Hypochlorite, Peracetic Acid, and Hydrogen Peroxide on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology 76:1093-1105.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/AMB-Oct-2007.pdf
   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17624526&ordinalpos =1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
   
10. D. Small, W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2007). Toxicogenomic Analysis of Sodium hypochlorite Antimicrobial Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology 74:176-85
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/AMB_Bleach_PAE.pdf
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17021869?dopt=AbstractPlus
    
11. W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2006). Toxicogenomic Response of Staphylococcus aureus to Peracetic Acid. Environmental Science and Technology 40:5124-5131.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/Article-11.pdf
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16955917?dopt=AbstractPlus
    
12. W. Chang, D. Small, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2006). Global Transcriptome Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Response to Hydrogen Peroxide. Journal of Bacteriology 188:1648-1659.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/JBFeb06.pdf
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452450?dopt=Abstract
    
13. W. Chang, D. Small, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2005) Microarray Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveals Induction of Pyocin Genes in Response to Hydrogen Peroxide. BMC Genomics 6: 115.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/BMCGenomicsSep05.pdf
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150148?dopt=Abstract
    
14. W. Chang, D. Small, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2005). Microarray Analysis of Toxicogenomic Effects of Peracetic Aacid on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environmental Science and Technology 39:5893-5899.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/Article-14.pdf
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16124331?dopt=Abstract
    

Presentations

1. Chantal W. Nde, Hyeung-Jin Jang, Freshteh Toghrol and William E. Bentley (2010). Comparative Transcriptomics of the Response of Mycobacterium bovis BCG to sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. A Poster Presentation at the 50th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), Boston, MA, held September 12th – 15th, 2010.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/ICAAC-Poster-2010_Chantal-Nde.pdf
   
2. H. Jang, C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). Toxicogenomic Response of Mycobacterium bovis BCG to Hydrogen peroxide. A Poster Presentation at the Toxicogenomics Integrated Environmental Science (TIES) meeting held September 20-23, 2009 in Seoul, South Korea.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/ICT-poster.pdf
   
3. C. Nde, H. Jang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). Toxicogenomic Response of Mycobacterium bovis BCG to Peracetic acid. A Poster Presentation at the 49th Annual Interscience Conference on Anti-microbial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) held September 12th, 2009 in San Francisco, California.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/ICAAC-Poster-2009.pdf
   
4. H. Jang, C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). Global Transcriptomic Response of Mycobacterium bovis BCG to Sodium hypochlorite: Quantitative ATP Rapid Screening Method for Mycobacterial Cell Viability, a Poster Presentation at the 10th General Meeting of American Society for Microbiology Conference in Philadelphia held May 17th – May 21st, 2009.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/No-3-ASM-Poster-2009.pdf
   
5. C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). Toxicogenomic Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Chlorhexidine diacetate. a Poster Presentation at the 10th Annual General Meeting of American Society for Microbiology Conference in Philadelphia held May 17th – May 21st, 2009.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/No-4-ASM-Poster-2009_revised.pdf
   
6. C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). Summary of Global Toxicogenomic Effects of Disinfectants on Pathogenic Bacteria Impacting Human Health, a Poster Presentation at the 10th Anniversary Celebration of the Environmental Science Center (ESC) held April 14th, 2009.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/No-5-ESC-10th-Anniversary-poster-2009.pdf
   
7. C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2009). On the Forefront : “New Technologies,” Microarray Technology used by MARL was illustrated and described. a Poster Presentation at the 10th Anniversary Celebration of the Environmental Science Center (ESC) held April 14th, 2009.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/No-6-ESC-10th-Anniversary-poster-2009.pdf
   
8. C. Nde, H. Jang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2008). Global Transcriptome Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Response to Ortho-phenyl phenol: A 15 minute Slide presentation at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the 48th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC): a Joint meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and IDSA, held October 25-28, 2008 in Washington, D.C.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/No-7-ICAAC-Slide-Show-2008.pdf
   
9. H. Jang, C. Nde, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2008). Toxicogenomic response of Staphylococcus aureus to Ortho-phenyl phenol: A Poster presentation at the 46th Annual meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the 48th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC): a Joint meeting of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) and IDSA, held October 25-28, 2008 in Washington, DC.
   http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/ICAAC-IDSA-2008-Poster-HJJang.pdf
   
10. H. Jang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2008). Toxicogenomic Response of Staphylococcus aureus to Triclosan Stress at the 2008 American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) Annual Meeting, held April 5- 9 in San Diego, CA.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/ASBMB-2008-Poster-Hyeung-Jin-Jang-A277.pdf
11. W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2006) Genome-wide transcriptional response of Staphylococcus aureus to hypochlorite-induced oxidative stress. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Annual Meeting, San Francisco CA.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/AICHE%202006%20Poster.pdf
12. W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2006) Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of Staphylococcus aureus response to oxidative antimicrobials: hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid. American Society for Microbiology General Meeting, Orlando FL.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/ASM%202006%20Poster.pdf
13. W. Chang, D. Small, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2006) Whole-Genome transcriptional analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Staphylococcus aureus, a human pathogen. EPA Science Forum, Washington DC.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/EPASF2006_1.pdf
14. D. Small, W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2006) Comparative global transcriptome analysis of sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EPA Science Forum, Washington DC.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/EPASF2006_2.pdf
15. W. Chang, D. Small, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2005) Microarray analysis of toxicogenomic effects of hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and sodium hypochlorite on Staphylococcus aureus. EPA Science Forum, Washington DC.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/EPASF2005.pdf
16. W. Chang, D. Small, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2004) Transcriptome analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa response to hydrogen peroxide. University of Maryland Biotechnology Research Review Day, College Park, MD.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/UM%20Bioscienceday%202004_1.pdf
17. 17. D. Small, W. Chang, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2004) Toxicogenomic effects of sodium hypochlorite on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. University of Maryland Biotechnology Research Review Day, College Park, MD.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/UM%20Bioscienceday%202004_2.pdf
18. W. Chang, D. Small, F. Toghrol, and W. Bentley (2004) Toxicogenomic effects of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EPA Science Forum, Washington DC.
    http://www.marl.umd.edu/publications/pdf/EPASF2004.pdf