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FLORIDA SUGARCANE
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The field used to represent sugarcane production in Florida is located in Hendry County in Southwest Florida, although sugarcane production areas cover an area extending east to the Everglades Agricultural Area. According to the 1997 Census of Agriculture, Florida is the major producer (yield) of sugarcane. Most sugarcane is grown on high organic "muck" soils; approximately 10 percent is grown on mineral soils. Sugarcane is grown on laser-leveled fields by placing short seed "stalks" horizontally in the prepared field. Sugarcane is produced in a three to four year cycle with the first year planting referred to as the "plant cane" crop and successive years referred to as "stubble" or "ratoon" crops which are harvested from regrowth. Yields diminish with each successive crop. At the end of the third or fourth year, sugarcane is rotated to another crop before replanting. Row spacing is approximately 60 inches. Irrigation, when needed, may be accomplished by raising the ground water level through the use of "lateral" drainage systems controlled by locks and spaced from 100 feet to 300 feet apart. The soil selected to simulate the field is a Wabasso fine sand. Wabasso fine sand, is a sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Alfic Alaquods. These soils are used for sugarcane production, but mainly citrus production and truck crops. Wabasso fine sand is a deep to very deep, poorly to very poorly drained, slow to ponded runoff, rapidly permeable in the top horizon and slow to very slowly permeable in the lower horizons soil that formed in sandy and loamy marine sediments. These soil are generally found on flatwoods, flood plains, and depressions and have slopes of 0 to 2 percent. The soil is extensive in Florida. Wabasso fine sand is a Hydrologic Group D soil.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Starting Date | January 1, 1948 | Meteorological File - Miami, Fl (W12839) |
| Ending Date | December 31, 1983 | Meteorological File - Miami, Fl (W12839) |
| Pan Evaporation Factor (PFAC) | 0.78 | PRZM Manual Figure 5.1 (EPA, 1998) |
| Snowmelt Factor (SFAC) | 0.0 cm C- 1 | Does not snow in Southern Florida such that accumulation is expected |
| Minimum Depth of Evaporation (ANETD) | 33.0 cm | PRZM Manual Figure 5.2 (EPA, 1998) |
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Method to Calculate Erosion (ERFLAG) | 4 (MUSS) | PRZM Manual (EPA, 1998) |
| USLE K Factor (USLEK) | 0.1 tons EI-1* | GLEAMS Manual, table of Representative Soils (USDA, 1990) |
| USLE LS Factor (USLELS) | 0.093 | GLEAMS Manual, table of Representative Soils (USDA, 1990) |
| USLE P Factor (USLEP) | 1.0 | Assume no practice under trees. |
| Field Area (AFIELD) | 172 ha | Area of Shipman Reservoir watershed (EPA, 1999) |
| NRCS Hyetograph (IREG) | 4 | PRZM Manual Figure 5.12 (EPA, 1998) |
| Slope (SLP) | 1% | Mid-point of soil series range (EPA, 2001) |
| Hydraulic Length (HL) | 600 m | Shipman Reservoir (EPA, 1999) |
* EI = 100 ft-tons * in/ acre*hr
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Crop (INICRP) | 1 | Set to one for all crops (EPA, 2001) |
| Initial Surface Condition (ISCOND) | 1 | Set to represent fallow field |
| Number of Different Crops (NDC) | 1 | Set to crops in simulation - generally one |
| Number of Cropping Periods (NCPDS) | 36 | Set to weather data. Meteorological File - Miami, Fl (W12839) |
| Maximum rainfall interception storage of crop (CINTCP) | 0.1 | Set similar to LA Sugarcane; sugarcane is a grass PIC (Burns, 1998) |
| Maximum Active Root Depth (AMXDR) | 100 cm | Set to maximum of soil profile.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
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| Maximum Canopy Coverage (COVMAX) | 100 | Set to default for row crops (EPA, 2001) |
| Soil Surface Condition After Harvest (ICNAH) | 3 | Default for sugarcane while under 3-4 yr cycle. After cycle, rotate to new crop.. |
| Date of Crop Emergence (EMD, EMM, IYREM) |
01/01 | typically planted August thru January, See Sugarcane Handbook
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/
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| Date of Crop Maturity (MAD, MAM, IYRMAT) |
01/06 | typically harvested October thru March, See Sugarcane Handbook
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/
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| Date of Crop Harvest (HAD, HAM, IYRHAR) |
15/12 | dates were chosen such that cycle would remain in a single calendar year and still remain within the typical range. See Sugarcane Handbook
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/
|
| Maximum Dry Weight (WFMAX) | 0.0 | Set to "0" Not used in simulation |
| SCS Curve Number (CN) | 94, 91, 92 | Gleams Manual Table A.3, Fallow = SR/poor; Cropping and Residue = Row Crop, SR/poor condition (USDA, 1990) |
| Manning's N Value (MNGN) | 0.014 | RUSLE Project; UC0SCSCC; Sugarcane, conventional tillage, Tampa (USDA, 2000) |
| USLE C Factor (USLEC) | 0.194 - 0.717 | RUSLE Project; Variable with date, UC0SCSCC; Sugarcane, conventional tillage, Tampa (USDA, 2000) |
| Parameter | Value | Verification Source |
|---|---|---|
| Total Soil Depth (CORED) | 100 cm | NRCS, National Soils Characterization Database (NRCS, 2001) |
| Number of Horizons (NHORIZ) | 2 (Base horizons) | |
| First and Second Soil Horizons (HORIZN = 1,2) | ||
| Horizon Thickness (THKNS) |
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NRCS, National Soils Characterization Database (NRCS, 2001)
http://soils.usda.gov/survey/nscd/
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| Bulk Density (BD) |
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| Initial Water Content (THETO) |
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| Compartment Thickness (DPN) |
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| Field Capacity (THEFC) |
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| Wilting Point (THEWP) |
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| Organic Carbon Content (OC) |
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EPA. 1998. Carsel, R.F., J.C. Imhoff, P.R. Hummel, J.M. Cheplick, and A.S. Donigian, Jr. PRZM-3, A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: Users Manual for Release 3.0. National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.
EPA. 1999. Jones, R.D., J. Breithaupt, J. Carleton, L. Libelo, J. Lin, R. Matzner, and R. Parker. Guidance for Use of the Index Reservoir in Drinking Water Exposure Assessments. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. D.C.
EPA. 2001. Abel, S.A. Procedure for Conducting Quality Assurance and Quality Control of Existing and New PRZM Field and Orchard Crop Standard Scenarios. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
USDA. 1990. Davis, F.M., R.A. Leonard, W.G. Knisel. GLEAMS User Manual, Version 1.8.55. USDA-ARS Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, Tifton GA. SEWRL-030190FMD.
USDA. 2000. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) EPA Pesticide Project. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Agricultural Research Service (ARS).