THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION
PROGRAM
wEPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NSF International
ETV Joint Verification Statement
TECHNOLOGY TYPE:
APPLICATION:
TECHNOLOGY NAME:
TEST LOCATION:
COMPANY:
ADDRESS:
WEB SITE:
EMAIL:
Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection
Secondary Effluent Treatment and Reuse
Barrier Sunlight H-4XE-HO Open Channel UV System
UV Validation and Research Center of New York
Siemens Water Technologies Corp.
1901 West Garden Road PHONE: (856) 507-4149
Vineland, NJ 08360
http: //www.siem en s. com
alberto.garibi@siemens.com
FAX: (856) 507-4215
NSF International (NSF), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), operates the
Water Quality Protection Center (WQPC), one of six centers under the Environmental Technology
Verification Program (ETV). The WQPC recently evaluated the performance of the Barrier Sunlight H-4XE-
HO Open Channel UV Disinfection System (4XE System), manufactured by Siemens Water Technologies
Corp. The 4XE System was tested at the UV Validation and Research Center of New York located in
Johnstown, NY. HydroQual, Inc. was the Testing Organization for this verification.
EPA created ETV to facilitate the deployment of innovative or improved environmental technologies through
performance verification and dissemination of information. The Program's goal is to further environmental
protection by accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and more cost-effective technologies. ETV
seeks to achieve this goal by providing high quality, peer-reviewed data on technology performance to those
involved in the design, distribution, permitting, purchase, and use of environmental technologies.
ETV works in partnership with recognized standards and testing organizations; stakeholder groups, which
consist of buyers, vendor organizations, and permitters; and with the full participation of individual
technology developers. The program evaluates the performance of innovative technologies by developing
test plans that are responsive to the needs of stakeholders, conducting field or laboratory tests (as
appropriate), collecting and analyzing data, and preparing peer-reviewed reports. All evaluations are
conducted in accordance with rigorous quality assurance protocols to ensure that data of known and adequate
quality are generated and that the results are defensible.
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The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement.
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TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
The following description of the Barrier Sunlight H-4XE-HO Open Channel UV (4XE) System was provided
by the vendor and does not represent verified information.
The 4XE System utilizes 16 high-output, low-pressure lamps oriented horizontally and parallel to the
direction of flow. The lamps are housed in two modules, each containing eight lamps. Each lamp has a UV
output of approximately 60 Watts at 254nm and a total power draw of 175 Watts. The lamps are
approximately 60 inches long. Each lamp is housed in a clear fused quartz sleeve to isolate and protect the
lamp from the wastewater. The sleeves have only one open end, which are sealed with the lamp power cable
plug. These quartz sleeves are 70 inches long, have an outer diameter of 28mm, a wall thickness of 1.5mm
and a UV transmittance (UVT) of 91%. The 4XE System is equipped with automatic sleeve wiping systems,
the performance of which was not verified during testing.
The lamps in the unit are powered from electronic ballasts mounted vertically in a remotely located
enclosure. Each ballast powers two lamps in parallel so that one lamp failure does not cause the peer lamp to
turn off. The 4XE System used for this verification was equipped with a SLS SiC004 UV intensity sensor
certified to DVGW (German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water) Standards. One sensor
was installed on the top cover of the lamp rack, approximately 2 cm from a lamp sleeve in the top row. The
sensor includes a remote, dedicated amplifier that operates on a 4-20 mA signal. The sensor has a
wavelength selectivity of 96% between 200 nm and 300 nm, a linear (1%) working range of 0.01 to 20
mW/cm2, and a stability of 5% over 10 hours and a temperature range of 2 to 30°C. The commercial unit is
typically designed to operate at 100% input power (no lamp dimming).
The total intensity attenuation factor was set by Siemens for this verification at 80%, based on the combined
effects of a sleeve-fouling factor of 90% and a lamp-aging factor (end-of-lamp-life factor) of 90%. This
lamp-aging factor is set based on a minimum of 12,000 operating hours. The 4XE System verified in this
ETV test is designed to operate at flow rates of up to 868 gallons per minute (gpm), equal to 1.25 million
gallons per day (mgd).
VERIFICATION TESTING DESCRIPTION - METHODS AND PROCEDURES
The objective of this verification was to verify the performance of the system within broad operational limits,
taking into account flow rate, UV sensor reading, and UV sensitivity. Information found in several sections
of the USEPA Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule (2006) (UVDGM), support that operation within these limits should result in
successful disinfection for the targeted organisms. The testing included measuring or calculating the
following:
1. Performance difference of the system between power turndown and UVT turndown at the same
operation conditions to mimic the total attenuation factor. The method that yielded the lower Reduction
Equivalent Dose (RED) was selected to simulate the total attenuation factor in the verification.
2. Flow-dose relationship for the system at a nominal UVT of 50% to 80% for a dose range of 5 to 25
mJ/cm2 using a biological surrogate with relatively high sensitivity to UV (Tl coliphage).
3. Flow-dose relationship for the system at a nominal UVT of 50% to 80% for a dose range of 10 to 40
mJ/cm2 using a biological surrogate with medium sensitivity to UV (Q(3 coliphage).
4. Flow-dose relationship for the system at a nominal UVT of 50% to 80% for a dose range of 20 to 80
mJ/cm2 using a biological surrogate with relatively low sensitivity to UV (MS2 coliphage).
5. Adjusted observed RED performance results by a Validation Factor (VF) to account for uncertainties
associated with the verification tests.
6. Power consumption and head loss.
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The testing methods and procedures employed during the study were outlined in the Verification Test Plan
for the Siemens Water Technologies V-40R-A150 and HE-2E4-HO Open Channel UV Systems for Reuse and
Secondary Effluent Applications (August 2008). A full-scale 4XE System (the system model designation was
changed from the HE-2E4-HO prior to the start of the ETV test) was installed in a test channel at the UV
Validation and Research Center of New York (UV Center), located in Johnstown, NY. Further details on the
testing procedures, analytical methodology, and QA/QC information are provided in the final report.
Biodosimetric tests were conducted at a simulated total attenuation factor of 80%, representing the combined
effects of the end-of-lamp-life (EOLL) factor and the fouling factor. The total attenuation factor for the 4XE
System was simulated by lowering the water transmittance. For the three nominal UVT values tested for this
verification, 80%, 65%, and 50%, the actual UVT levels that were needed to include simulation of the 80%
sensor attenuation were 74.5%, 60.4% and 45.8%, respectively. The reported RED is based on the
collimated-beam dose-response curve generated on a seeded influent sample from the same day of testing. A
total of 31 flow tests, using three different coliphage (MS2, QP and Tl), were conducted for this ETV test.
These tests were successfully completed during the verification, which resulted in development of a RED
performance algorithm that described the performance of the UV system over a range of observed RED. A
validation factor was determined to account for biases and experimental uncertainty that allows
determination of the credited RED for various UV transmittances.
PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
Performance verification was accomplished by determining the system's RED, the dose equivalent to that
delivered by a collimated beam to achieve the same log inactivation. The biodosimetric RED data were
determined as a function of flow per lamp, as presented in Figure VS-1 for each challenge phage at their
respective nominal UVT levels. The bounds described by these data represent the validated operating
envelope for the UV system:
Flow: 134 to 866 gpm;
Flow/Lamp: 8.37 to 54.14 gpm/Lamp;
UVT: 50 to 80%; and
Power: 100 at PLC, or 100% input (2.75 kW/16 Lamps, or 171 W/Lamp).
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• MS2, Nominal UVT = 65%
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• QB, Nominal UVT = 50%
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Flow Rate per Lamp (gpm/Lamp)
Figure VS-1. MS2, Tl and QP RED as a function of UVT and flow/lamp.
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RED Performance Algorithm
A dose algorithm was developed to correlate the observed MS2, Tl and Q(3 RED data with the reactor's
primary operating variables, namely, the flow rate per lamp (Q/L) and sensor reading (S - a function of the
lamp output and the UVT). In an operating system, these variables are known on a real-time basis by the
PLC and can be programmed into software to monitor and control the UV system. Because multiple
surrogates were used to test the system, it is possible to combine the test results and incorporate the
sensitivity of each to differentiate their individual reactions at the specified operating conditions. The
commissioned system can then incorporate the sensitivity of the targeted pathogen (e.g., total or fecal
coliform, enterococcus, etc.) when calculating the RED delivered by the system. The dose algorithm to
estimate the RED is expressed as:
a bed
RED =10 -(Q I L} -S -UVS
Where: Q = Flow rate, gpm;
L = Number of Lamps;
S = Sensor Reading (%);
UVS = UV Sensitivity (mJ/cm2/Log Inactivation (LI)); and
a, b, c, d = Equation coefficients.
It is critical to note that the same sensors and their installed conditions, such as model type, position relative
to the lamp, sleeve clarity, etc., must be used to apply this algorithm. This algorithm is valid if sensor
readings are confirmed to meet the modeled results as a function of UVT and power setting. Based on the
multiple linear regression analysis of this RED equation, the coefficients were determined and are
summarized in Table VS-1. The algorithm-calculated REDs versus the observed MS2, Tl and Q(3 REDs are
plotted in Figure VS-2. Good agreement is observed between the predicted and observed RED.
Table VS-1. H-4XE-HO (2W-1B-1C) Dose-Algorithm Regression Constants
Coefficient a b c d
Value 0.950550 -0.609884 0.683241 0.398391
Validation Factor (VF)
The Validation Factor (VF) quantitatively accounts for certain biases and experimental uncertainties to
assure that a minimum disinfection performance level can be confidently maintained. VF components RED
bias (BRED), polychromatic bias (BPOLY) and validation uncertainty (UVai) were assessed. BRED can be set at
1.0 as long as the sensitivity of the targeted pathogen or pathogen indicator is within the range of 5 and 20
mJ/cm2/LI (log inactivation), and the sensitivity used in the RED algorithm is equal to or less than the
sensitivity of the targeted microbe. BPOLY is set to 1.0 because the system uses low-pressure monochromatic
lamps.
Within the UVai, the uncertainties associated with the sensors (Us) and the collimated beam tests (UDR) can be
ignored because QA criteria were met, leaving only the uncertainty of interpolation (U:N). The VF can be
expressed as a function of the UIN, which is related to a statistical evaluation of the verification data set. The
VF reduces to the following expression as a function of the calculated RED (REDCalc):
VF= 1 +(6.017/REDCaic)
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Figure VS-2. Algorithm calculated RED versus observed RED.
Figure VS-3 presents a series of solutions for VF at a UVT of 50% and sensitivities ranging between 5 and
20 mJ/cm2/LI. The VF is shown as a function of Q/L under these specific and fixed operating conditions.
Similar calculations can be made at alternate operating conditions. These calculations are appropriate only
when the UVS of the targeted pathogen is equal to or greater than the sensitivity chosen for the calculations.
If the sensitivity of the organism of concern is 10 mJ/cm2/LI, then UVS must be 10 or less when conducting
the calculations for the VF. However, if this is not the case, then a RED bias term, similar to that described
by the UVDGM, would have to be incorporated into the validation factor.
Validation Factor at 50% UVT
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• UVS=5mJ/cm2/LI
•UVS=8mJ/cm2/LI
• UVS = 11 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 15mJ/cm2/LI
• UVS=20mJ/cm2/LI
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Flow Rate per Lamp (gpm/Lamp)
Figure VS-3. Example solutions for VF at fixed operating conditions and a range of UV sensitivities.
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The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement.
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Credited RED Calculation
As outlined in the UVDGM, given the calculated RED results and the estimate of uncertainty associated with
the experimental effort, the RED that can be applied, or credited, to the system at prescribed operating
conditions can be determined. This credited RED, which is the same as REDVai, is calculated as:
VF
Figure VS-4 presents solutions for the 4XE System at a UVT of 50%, across the same range of UV
sensitivities. Similar graphical plots can be generated by the user at alternate conditions. It is important to
note that this assumes the system sensors have been confirmed to have the same output as in the validation.
The solutions for credited RED (REDVai), such as those shown on Figure VS-4, would be reported at the PLC
of the 4XE System, based on monitored real-time operating conditions. Calculations and results for
alternative UVT levels are presented in the final report, along with a design example.
UVS = 5 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 8 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 11 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 15 mJ/cm2/LI
UVS = 20 mJ/cm2/LI
Validated RED at 50% UVT
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Flow Rate per Lamp (gpm/Lamp)
60 65 70
Figure VS-4. Credited RED at 50% UVT across a range of UV sensitivities.
Power Consumption
The power consumption of the Siemens H-4XE-HO (2W-1B-1C) system was continuously logged when
operating. The mean total power input was 2.75 kW, or 171 W/Lamp.
Headloss
Headless estimates were derived from the hydraulic profile data. Two pressure monitoring locations
(immediately before and after the unit) were used at eight different flow rates, ranging from 0.2 to 1.26 mgd.
The headless for the unit can be estimated from the expression (should not be extrapolated outside tested
range of flow rates):
Headloss (inches of water) = 3.160 (flow, mgd)2 - 0.938 (flow, mgd) + 0.148
Velocity Profiles
Cross-sectional velocity measurements were taken at 0.2 and 0.8 mgd, short of the full flow range tested in
the biodosimetry tests (0.2 to 1.25 mgd). The hydraulic conditions during validation represent a 'worst' case
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The accompanying notice is an integral part of this verification statement.
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when compared to minimum full-scale commissioning requirements in the NWEJ/AWWARF Ultraviolet
Disinfection Guidelines for Drinking Water and Water Reuse (2003). Guidance states that the mean velocity
at any measured cross-sectional point of a commissioned system should not vary by more than 20% from the
theoretical average velocity (i.e., flow divided by the cross-sectional area). Further, the commissioned
system should exhibit velocity profiles that are equivalent or better than those exhibited by the validated test
unit. As such, the biodosimetry performance data can be considered conservative.
Overall, a general observation was that the velocity profiles were more variable at 0.8 mgd. The effluent
measurements tended to be outside the targeted 20% range. The influent measurements at 0.8 mgd were
fairly stable. At 0.2 mgd, velocity profiles were more stable, although the influent was outside of the
variability guideline at the surface.
Use of Results
The data collected and verified from this testing is multi-variant and provides a flexible and detailed set of
information to allow a knowledgeable engineer to design a UV disinfection system for secondary wastewater
and water reuse applications. The detailed data presented in the full report is a critical component to
understanding the above summary.
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
NSF completed a data quality audit of at least 10% of the test data to ensure that the reported data
represented the data generated during testing. In addition to QA/QC audits performed by NSF, EPA
personnel conducted an audit of NSF's QA Management Program.
Original signed by Original signed by
Sally Gutierrez October 2, 2009 Robert Fersuson October 23, 2009
Sally Gutierrez Date Robert Ferguson Date
Director Vice President
National Risk Management Research Laboratory Water Systems
Office of Research and Development NSF International
United States Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE: Verifications are based on an evaluation of technology performance under specific, predetermined
criteria and the appropriate quality assurance procedures. EPA and NSF make no expressed or implied
warranties as to the performance of the technology and do not certify that a technology will always operate as
verified. The end user is solely responsible for complying with any and all applicable federal, state, and local
requirements. Mention of corporate names, trade names, or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use of specific products. This report is not an NSF Certification of the
specific product mentioned herein.
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS: The following documents were referenced in this statement:
USEPA: Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule, EPA-815-R-06-007, 2006. Office of Water, Washington, DC.
National Water Research Institute (NWRI)/AWWA Research Foundation (AwwaRF): Ultraviolet Disinfection
Guidelines for Drinking Water and Water Reuse, Second Edition, 2003. Fountain Valley, CA.
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Availability of Supporting Documents
Copies of the Verification Test Plan for the Siemens Water Technologies V-40R-A150 and HE-2E4-
HO Open Channel UV Systems for Reuse and Secondary Effluent Applications (August 2008), the
verification statement, and the verification report (NSF Report Number 09/32/WQPC-SWP) are
available from:
ETV Water Quality Protection Center Program Manager (hard copy)
NSF International
P.O. Box 130140
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140
NSF website: http://www.nsf.org/etv (electronic copy)
EPA website: https://www.epa.gov/etv (electronic copy)
Appendices are not included in the verification report, but are available from NSF upon request.
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