Spatially restricted surveys over time for aquatic resources
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Stevens, D.L., Jr. and Olsen, A.R. (1999)
Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 4,
415-28.
Abstract
Consideration of the natural characteristics of aquatic resources and available
frame material has led to the development of new designs for surveying
large-scale regions. This paper illustrates survey designs developed to meet
the requirements for surveying various aquatic resources, including a finite,
discrete population, such as lakes within one or more states; a continuous
linear population within a bounded area, such as wadeable streams within one or
more states; and a continuous two-dimensional population within a bounded area,
such as coastal waters associated with one or more states. We present a unified
approach that addresses the differences of the aquatic resources assuming the
availability of frame material, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
coverages of the boundary for coastal waters, stream network, and lake
locations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's River Reach File 3,
derived from U.S. Geological Survey digital line graph data from 1:100,000
scale maps. The basic design methodology distributes the sample over the
spatial extent of the resource domain, and a panel structure can be used to
extend the sample through time. Key features for the approach are (1) utilizing
survey theory for continuous populations within a bounded area, (2) explicit
control of the spatial dispersion of the sample, (3) variable spatial density,
(4) nested subsampling, and (5) incorporating panel structures for sampling
over time.
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