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Larsen, D.P., Thornton, K.W., Urquhart, N.S. and Paulsen, S.G. (1994)
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 32, 101-34.
Abstract
In order to meet a growing need to determine the condition of the nation's
ecosystems and how their condition is changing, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) developed EMAP, the Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program. A common survey design serves as the foundation on
which to base monitoring of status and trends among diverse ecosystem
types. In this paper, we describe how that design is tailored for the
selection of a probability sample of lakes on which to make measurements
of lake condition, and illustrate the process for selecting a sample of
lakes in the northeastern United States. Finally, we illustrate how measurements
taken on the sample of lakes can be summarized, with known uncertainty,
to describe the condition of a population of lakes.
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