ReefLink Database

Utilities
Utilities specialize in providing basic services for public use, including telecommunications, water systems, natural gas, electric power, and waste management.
CMap
CMap Description
Growing coastal development creates an increasing need for the construction, maintenance, and operation of utilities, which can lead to landscape changes, including devegetation, impervious surfaces, and soil disturbance, affecting rates of pollutant runoff. Energy production and delivery, and waste treatment can lead to atmospheric emissions and discharges of wastewater into the environment. Utilities benefit from shoreline protection, as well as indirectly from other ecosystem services that improve the well-being of sectors, such as tourism & recreation, which drive coastal development. Energy policies can drive consumer demand, technological innovations, and types of energy production. Waste management policies can control development and waste production & disposal. City planning can reduce impacts of development by determining location and intensity of utility development.Citations
Citation | Year | Study Location | Study Type | Database Topics |
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Armoza-Zvuloni, R; Segal, R; Kramarsky-Winter, E; Loya, Y. 2011. Repeated bleaching events may result in high tolerance and notable gametogenesis in stony corals: Oculina patagonica as a model. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:149-159. | 2011 | Model | Climate; Stony Coral | |
Bao, Y; Zhan, L; Wang, CX; Wang, YL; Qiao, WM; Ling, LC. 2011. Carbon foams used as packing media in a biological aerated filter system. Materials Letters 65:3154-3156. | 2011 | Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Bishop, R. C., D. J. Chapman, B. J. Kanninen, J. A. Krosnick, B. Leeworthy, and N. F. Meade. 2011. Total Ecolonic Value for Protecting and Restoring Hawaiian Coral Reef Ecosystems: Final Report. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 16, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD, USA. | 2011 | Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii | Review | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing; Internet & Telecommunications; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Valuation |
D'Arrigo, R; Abram, N; Ummenhofer, C; Palmer, J; Mudelsee, M. 2011. Reconstructed streamflow for Citarum River, Java, Indonesia: linkages to tropical climate dynamics. Climate Dynamics 36:451-462. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Java; Indonesia | Climate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Jokiel, P. 2011. Ocean acidification and control of reef coral calcification by boundary layer limitation of proton flux. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:639-657. | 2011 | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity | ||
Jokiel, PL. 2011. Ocean Acidification And Control Of Reef Coral Calcification By Boundary Layer Limitation Of Proton Flux. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:639-657. | 2011 | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production | ||
Jones, RJ. 2011. Spatial patterns of chemical contamination (metals, PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFS) in sediments of a non-industrialized but densely populated coral atoll/small island state (Bermuda). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1362-1376. | 2011 | South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean | Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics | |
Lapointe, BE; Thacker, K; Hanson, C; Getten, L. 2011. Sewage pollution in Negril, Jamaica: effects on nutrition and ecology of coral reef macroalgae. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 29:775-789. | 2011 | Florida; Jamaica | Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge | |
Lerman, A; Guidry, M; Andersson, AJ; Mackenzie, FT. 2011. Coastal Ocean Last Glacial Maximum to 2100 CO(2)-Carbonic Acid-Carbonate System: A Modeling Approach. Aquatic Geochemistry 17:749-773. | 2011 | Global | Model | CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Mackenzie, FT; Andersson, AJ; Arvidson, RS; Guidry, MW; Lerman, A. 2011. Land-sea carbon and nutrient fluxes and coastal ocean CO(2) exchange and acidification: Past, present, and future. Applied Geochemistry 26:S298-S302. | 2011 | Model | CO2; Discharges; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. | 2011 | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Discharges; Fish; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies; Waste Management; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands | |
Navalgund, RR; Singh, RP. 2011. Climate Change Studies Using Space Based Observation. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 39:281-295. | 2011 | Global; India | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps | Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Irrigation; Light; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands |
Peresypkin, VI; Smurov, AV; Shulga, NA; Safonova, ES; Smurova, TG; Bang, CV. 2011. Composition of the Organic Matter of the Water, Suspended Matter, and Bottom Sediments in Nha Trang Bay in Vietnam in the South China Sea. Oceanology 51:959-968. | 2011 | China; Vietnam | Nutrients; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Rudd, MA. 2011. Scientists' Opinions on the Global Status and Management of Biological Diversity. Conservation Biology 25:1165-1175. | 2011 | Global; Southeast Asia; Europe | Climate; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Internet & Telecommunications; Social Organizations | |
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. Co-evolutions of correlations for QSAR of toxicity of organometallic and inorganic substances: An unexpected good prediction based on a model that seems untrustworthy. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 105:215-219. | 2011 | Model | Internet & Telecommunications | |
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. QSAR modelling toxicity toward rats of inorganic substances by means of CORAL. Central European Journal Of Chemistry 9:75-85. | 2011 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Internet & Telecommunications | |
Uddin, S; Al Ghadban, AN; Khabbaz, A. 2011. Localized hyper saline waters in Arabian Gulf from desalination activity-an example from South Kuwait. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 181:587-594. | 2011 | Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates | Salinity; Water | |
Villanueva, RD; Yap, HT; Montano, MNE. 2011. Reproductive effects of the water-accommodated fraction of a natural gas condensate in the Indo-Pacific reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74:2268-2274. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Lab Study; Index or Indicator | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae |
Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman. 2010. Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:642-650. | 2010 | Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates | ||
Baker, D. M., E. Jordan-Dahlgren, M. A. Maldonado, and C. D. Harvell. 2010. Sea fan corals provide a stable isotope baseline for assessing sewage pollution in the Mexican Caribbean. Limnology and Oceanography 55:2139-2149. | 2010 | South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Infrastructure; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies |
Baker, D. M., K. L. Webster, and K. Kim. 2010. Caribbean octocorals record changing carbon and nitrogen sources from 1862 to 2005. Global Change Biology 16:2701-2710. | 2010 | Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean | Model; Index or Indicator | Agriculture; CO2; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Octocoral; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Beaudoin, G., D. Robertson, R. Doherty, D. Corren, B. Staby, and L. Meyer. 2010. Technological Challenges to Commercial-Scale Application of Marine Renewables. Oceanography 23:32-41. | 2010 | |||
Bedard, R., P. T. Jacobson, M. Previsic, W. Musial, and R. Varley. 2010. An Overview of Ocean Renewable Energy Technologies. Oceanography 23:22-31. | 2010 | Europe | Salinity; Shoreline Protection | |
Boehlert, G. W. and A. B. Gill. 2010. Environmental and Ecological Effects Of Ocean Renewable Energy Development A Current Synthesis. Oceanography 23:68-81. | 2010 | Review | ||
Chen, T. R., K. F. Yu, S. Li, G. J. Price, Q. Shi, and G. J. Wei. 2010. Heavy metal pollution recorded in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. Marine Environmental Research 70:318-326. | 2010 | China | Field Study & Monitoring | Discharges; Stony Coral |
Foster, M. S. and D. R. Schiel. 2010. Loss of predators and the collapse of southern California kelp forests (?): Alternatives, explanations and generalizations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 393:59-70. | 2010 | Review | Coastal Development; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies | |
Frank, W. J. 2010. The Role of the Minerals Management Service in Offshore Renewable Energy Development. Oceanography 23:60-67. | 2010 | Food & Energy Policies; Utility Policies | ||
Galaz, V., B. Crona, T. Daw, O. Bodin, M. Nystrom, and P. Olsson. 2010. Can web crawlers revolutionize ecological monitoring? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8:99-104. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring | Internet & Telecommunications | |
Garzon-Ferreira, J. and A. Rodriguez-Ramirez. 2010. SIMAC: Development and implementation of a coral reef monitoring network in Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:67-80. | 2010 | Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Docks & Marinas; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Internet & Telecommunications; Octocoral; Pathogens; Salinity |
Hamouda, A. Z. and K. M. Abdel-Salam. 2010. Estuarine Habitat Assessment for Construction of a Submarine Transmission Line. Surveys In Geophysics 31:449-463. | 2010 | Egypt | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Mitigation; Pipelines; Sediment; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Iacona, G. D., L. K. Kirkman, and E. M. Bruna. 2010. Effects of resource availability on seedling recruitment in a fire-maintained savanna. Oecologia 163:171-180. | 2010 | Index or Indicator | Water | |
Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices. | 2010 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Irrigation | |
Jones, R. 2010. Environmental contamination associated with a marine landfill ('seafill') beside a coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1993-2006. | 2010 | Bermuda | Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Konnert, T. 2010. The Role of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in Authorizing Hydrokinetic Technology Projects. Oceanography 23:54-59. | 2010 | Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Policies | ||
Langhamer, O., K. Haikonen, and J. Sundberg. 2010. Wave power Sustainable energy or environmentally costly? A review with special emphasis on linear wave energy converters. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 14:1329-1335. | 2010 | Global | Review | Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Whales & Dolphins |
Lapointe, B. E., R. Langton, B. J. Bedford, A. C. Potts, O. Day, and C. M. Hu. 2010. Land-based nutrient enrichment of the Buccoo Reef Complex and fringing coral reefs of Tobago, West Indies. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:334-343. | 2010 | Tobago | Remote Sensing | Algae; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge |
Lenahan, M. J. and K. L. Bristow. 2010. Understanding sub-surface solute distributions and salinization mechanisms in a tropical coastal floodplain groundwater system. Journal of Hydrology 390:131-142. | 2010 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Discharges; Irrigation; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Millero, F. J. and B. R. DiTrolio. 2010. Use of Thermodynamics in Examining the Effects of Ocean Acidification. Elements 6:299-303. | 2010 | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Microorganisms; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Mondal, N. C., V. S. Singh, S. C. Puranik, and V. P. Singh. 2010. Trace element concentration in groundwater of Pesarlanka Island, Krishna Delta, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 163:215-227. | 2010 | India | Drinking Water Supply; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Mueller, M., H. Jeffrey, R. Wallace, and A. von Jouanne. 2010. Centers for Marine Renewable Energy in Europe and North America. Oceanography 23:42-52. | 2010 | Europe; England | ||
Oran. C. and C. Marriott. 2010. Using Adaptive Management to Resolve Uncertainties for Wave and Tidal Energy Projects. Oceanography 23:92-97. | 2010 | Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105. | 2010 | Germany; United Kingdom | Construction Codes & Projects; Food & Energy Policies | |
Richlen, M. L., S. L. Morton, E. A. Jamali, A. Rajan, and D. M. Anderson. 2010. The catastrophic 2008-2009 red tide in the Arabian gulf region, with observations on the identification and phylogeny of the fish-killing dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Harmful Algae 9:163-172. | 2010 | Global; South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Malaysia; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Mexico | Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation; Water | |
Singh, S. P., A. Azua, A. Chaudhary, S. Khan, K. L. Willett, and P. R. Gardinali. 2010. Occurrence and distribution of steroids, hormones and selected pharmaceuticals in South Florida coastal environments. Ecotoxicology 19:338-350. | 2010 | Florida | Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands | |
Skov, H. and F. Thomsen. 2010. General models of marine animal habitats require a process-based approach to parameter selection and model design Reply. Marine Ecology Progress Series 399:299-303. | 2010 | Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling | |
Thresher, R. and W. Musial. 2010. Ocean Renewable Energy�s Potential Role in Supplying Future Electrical Energy Needs. Oceanography 23:16-21. | 2010 | Climate | ||
Tougaard, J. and M. S. Wisz. 2010. General models of the spatial distribution of porpoises require representative data and parsimony: Comment on Skov & Thomsen (2008). Marine Ecology Progress Series 399:295-297. | 2010 | Model | ||
Veal, C. J., M. Carmi, G. Dishon, Y. Sharon, K. Michael, D. Tchernov, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, and M. Fine. 2010. Shallow-water wave lensing in coral reefs: a physical and biological case study. Journal of Experimental Biology 213:4304-4312. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring | Irrigation; Light; Stony Coral | |
[No author name available]. 2009. Green light for Gorgon gas project, but environmental conditions apply. Chemical Engineer 816:13. | 2009 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Sea Turtles; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing |
2009. Special issue featuring: ocean acidification - from ecological impacts to policy opportunities. Current 25:1-45. | 2009 | Global | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Scientific Research | |
Andersson, A. J., I. B. Kuffner, F. T. Mackenzie, P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, and A. Tan. 2009. Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: mesocosm-scale experimental evidence. Biogeosciences 6:1811-1823. | 2009 | Cuba | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity | |
Andersson, A. J., I. B. Kuffner, F. T. MacKenzie, P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, and A. Tan. 2009. Net loss of CaCO3 from coral reef communities due to human induced seawater acidification. Biogeosciences Discussions 6:2163-2182. | 2009 | Cuba | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity | |
Andersson, M. H., M. Berggren, D. Wilhelmsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2009. Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment. Helgoland Marine Research 12-Jan. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Tunicates | |
Andersson, M. H., M. Berggren, D. Wilhelmsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2009. Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment. Helgoland Marine Research 63:249-260. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Tunicates | |
Anthony, K. R. N., M. O. Hoogenboom, J. A. Maynard, A. G. Grottoli, and R. Middlebrook. 2009. Energetics approach to predicting mortality risk from environmental stress: A case study of coral bleaching. Functional Ecology 23:539-550. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Model | Climate; Stony Coral |
Dodds, W. K., W. A. Bouska, J. L. Eitzmann, T. J. Pilger, K. L. Pitts, A. J. Riley, J. T. Schloesser, and D. J. Thornbrugh. 2009. Eutrophication of U.S. freshwaters: analysis of potential economic damages. Environmental Science and Technology 43:13-19. | 2009 | Drinking Water Supply; Fish; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Doney, S. C., V. J. Fabry, R.A. Feely, and J. A. Kleypas. 2009. Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem. Annual Review of Marine Science 1:169-192. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Plankton | |
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy. | 2009 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Cultural Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Mitigation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies | |
Gilles, A., M. Scheidat, and U. Siebert. 2009. Seasonal distribution of harbour porpoises and possible interference of offshore wind farms in the German North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 383:295-307. | 2009 | Model | ||
Ho, C. T., Y. C. Fu, C. L. Sun, S. J. Kao, and R. Q. Jan. 2009. Plasticity of Feeding Habits of Two Plectroglyphidodon Damselfishes on Coral Reefs in Southern Taiwan: Evidence from Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analyses. Zoological Studies 48:649-656. | 2009 | Taiwan | Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral | |
Kannan, R. and D. A. James. 2009. Effects of climate change on global biodiversity: A review of key literature. Tropical Ecology 50:31-39. | 2009 | Global; South & Central America | Review | Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Pathogens |
Karras, C. and J. J. Agar. 2009. Cruzan fishers' perspectives on the performance of the Buck Island Reef National Monument and the red hind seasonal closure. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:578-585. | 2009 | US Virgin Islands | Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Snails & Conch; Waste Management | |
Kump, L. E., T. J. Bralower, and A. Ridgwell. 2009. Ocean acidification in deep time. Oceanography 22:94-107. | 2009 | Model | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Kundzewicz, Z. W. and P. Doll. 2009. Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change? Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques 54:665-675. | 2009 | Global | Climate; Drinking Water Supply; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Lackner, K. S. and S. Brennan. 2009. Envisioning carbon capture and storage: expanded possibilities due to air capture, leakage insurance, and C-14 monitoring. Climatic change 96:357-378. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Infrastructure; Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Langhamer, O. and D. Wilhelmsson. 2009. Colonisation of fish and crabs of wave energy foundations and the effects of manufactured holes - A field experiment. Marine Environmental Research 68:151-157. | 2009 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seastars; Shoreline Protection |
Langhamer, O., D. Wilhelmsson, and J. Engstrom. 2009. Artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power foundations and buoys - a pilot study. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 82:426-432. | 2009 | Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates | ||
Maar, M., K. Bolding, J. K. Petersen, J. L. S. Hansen, and K. Timmermann. 2009. Local effects of blue mussels around turbine foundations in an ecosystem model of Nysted off-shore wind farm, Denmark. Journal of Sea Research 62:159-174. | 2009 | Europe | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Artificial Habitat; Plankton |
Muniz, M. A., J. G. Barbosa, J. A. S. Grossi, M. Y. Orbes, and P. G. Sa. 2009. Production And Quality Of Pot Chrysanthemum Fertirrigated With Different Nitrate/Ammonium Relations. Bioscience Journal 25:75-82. | 2009 | India | Domestic Animal Waste; Irrigation | |
Mutschler, T. and T. Triantafyllidis. 2009. Geotechnical Aspects of the Construction of an Underground Dam in Karstic Reef Limestones. Wasserwirtschaft 99:53-56. | 2009 | Java; Indonesia | Field Study & Monitoring | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Drinking Water Supply; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Nelson, M., W. F. Dempster, and J. P. Allen. 2009. The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems. Advances in Space Research 44:1404-1412. | 2009 | Global | Lab Study | Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Irrigation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands |
Omann, I., A. Stocker, and J. Jager. 2009. Climate change as a threat to biodiversity: an application of the DPSIR approach. Ecological Economics 69:24-31. | 2009 | Global | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Primary Production; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Oxford Economics. 2009. Valuing the effects of Great Barrier Reef bleaching. | 2009 | Global; Australia | Review | Climate; CO2; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Pathogens; Primary Production; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Punt, M. J., R. A. Groeneveld, E. C. van Ierland, and J. H. Stel. 2009. Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection? Ecological Economics 69:93-103. | 2009 | Model | Artificial Habitat | |
Quicoy, A. R. and N. D. Briones. 2009. Beach Carrying Capacity Assessment of Coastal Ecotourism in Calatagan, Batangas, Phlippines. Journal Of Environmental Science And Management 12:11-26. | 2009 | Florida | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
Rosales-Hoz, L., A. Carranza-Edwards, L. Sanvicente-Anorve, M. A. Alatorre-Mendieta, and F. Rivera-Ramirez. 2009. Distribution of Dissolved Trace Metals Around the Sacrificos Coral Reef Island, in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 83:713-719. | 2009 | South & Central America; Mexico | Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies | |
Ruxton, A. B., G. S. Woods, G. Gigan, and C. R. Huddlestone-Holmes. 2009. Real-time environmental monitoring of the great barrier reef. International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management 10:26-35. | 2009 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research |
Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions. | 2009 | Southeast Asia; Europe | Review | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance |
Singh, S., W. G. L. Aalbersberg, and R. J. Morrison. 2009. Nutrient Pollution in Laucala Bay, Fiji Islands. Water Air And Soil Pollution 204:363-372. | 2009 | Fiji | Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies | |
Tans, P. 2009. An accounting of the observed increase in oceanic and atmospheric CO2 and an outlook for the future. Oceanography 22:26-35. | 2009 | CO2; Ocean Acidity | ||
Teixeira, T. P., L. M. Neves, and F. G. Araujo. 2009. Effects of a nuclear power plant thermal discharge on habitat complexity and fish community structure in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil. Marine Environmental Research 68:188-195. | 2009 | Index or Indicator | Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae | |
Terry, J. P. and K. Khatri. 2009. People, pigs and pollution - Experiences with applying participatory learning and action (PLA) methodology to identify problems of pig-waste management at the village level in Fiji. Journal of Cleaner Production 17:1393-1400. | 2009 | Fiji | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
UNCWI. 2009. Healthy Watersheds through Healthy Forests. | 2009 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Collaboration & Partnering; Drinking Water Supply; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
von Winterfeldt, D. and B. Fasolo. 2009. Structuring decision problems: A case study and reflections for practitioners. European Journal of Operational Research 199:857-866. | 2009 | Review; Model | Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Wei, G., M. T. McCulloch, G. Mortimer, W. Deng, and L. Xie. 2009. Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:2332-2346. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Zhao, W. Z., G. Y. Zhu, S. C. Zhang, X. F. Zhao, Y. S. Sun, H. J. Wang, H. J. Yang, and J. F. Han. 2009. Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin. Chinese Science Bulletin 54:3076-3089. | 2009 | China | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment | |
2008. DRAFT PROPOSED REVISIONS TO: U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS. Chapter 7. Water Pollution Control, Subchapter 186. Water Quality Standards for Waters of the Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands. | 2008 | US Virgin Islands | Index or Indicator | Biocriteria; Designated Uses; Discharges; Irrigation; Mangroves; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands |
Atchley, S. C., D. M. Cleveland, and L. W. West. 2008. A case for renewed development of a mature gas field: The Devonian Swan Hills Formation at Kaybob South field, Alberta, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 56:165-190. | 2008 | Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Banerjee, P., D. Sarwade, and V. S. Singh. 2008. Characterization of an island aquifer from tidal response. Environmental Geology 55:901-906. | 2008 | Drinking Water Supply; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. | 2008 | Puerto Rico | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Chang, Y.C., F.W. Hong, and M.T. Lee. 2008. A system dynamic based DSS for sustainable coral reef management in Kenting coastal zone, Taiwan. Ecological Modelling 211:153-168. | 2008 | Taiwan | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Fish; Sewage Treatment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge |
CHEN, Z.-q. 2008. Changxing Formation biohermal gas pools and natural gas exploration, Sichuan Basin, China. Petroleum Exploration and Development 35. | 2008 | China | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment | |
Crabbe, J.C. 2008. Climate change, global warming and coral reefs: Modelling the effects of temperature. Computational Biology and Chemistry | 2008 | Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Internet & Telecommunications; Stony Coral |
Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Pipeline Maintenance Best Practices: Lessons Learned from the Natural Gas STAR Program. Charlotte (North Carolina). | 2008 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines | ||
Francois, J. L. and J. R. Guzman. 2008. BWR fuel design for actinide recycling. Pages 1486-1494 in Societe Francaise d'Energie Nucleaire - International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants - ICAPP 2007, \The Nuclear Renaissance at Work\"". | 2008 | Discharges | ||
Gibson. T., H. Wanless, J. Klaus, P. Foster-Turley, K. Florini, T. Olson. 2008. Corals and Climate Change: Florida�s Natural Treasures at Risk. Environmental Defense Fund. | 2008 | Global; Florida | Climate; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Pathogens; Primary Production; Recreational Fishing; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Guinotte, J. M. and V. J. Fabry. 2008. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:320-342. | 2008 | Review | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses | |
Guzman, H. M., R. Cipriani, and J. B. C. Jackson. 2008. Historical decline in coral reef growth after the Panama Canal. Ambio 37:342-346. | 2008 | South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean | Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water | |
Hecht, A. D., D. Shaw, R. Bruins, V. Dale, K. Kline, and A. Chen. 2008. Good policy follows good science: using criteria and indicators for assessing sustainable biofuel production. Ecotoxicology | 2008 | Model; Index or Indicator | ||
Kurihara, H. 2008. Effects of CO2-driven ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:275-284. | 2008 | Lab Study | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Lippmann, J. 2008. Review of scuba diving fatalities and decompression illness in Australia. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 38:71-78. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Cuba | Review | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Internet & Telecommunications; Tourism & Recreation |
Ogston, A. S., R. W. Sternberg, C. A. Nittrouer, D. P. Martin, M. A. Goni, and J. S. Crockett. 2008. Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Nino. Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface 113. | 2008 | Papua New Guinea | Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 31-Mar. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Vanuatu; Fiji | Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Internet & Telecommunications; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Qin, J.-Z., Q.-Q. Meng, and X.-D. Fu. 2008. Three hydrocarbon generation and accumulation processes of marine carbonate rocks in northeastern Sichuan Basin, China. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa/Petroleum Exploration and Development 35:548-556. | 2008 | China | Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Rosa, R., H. M. Dierssen, L. Gonzalez, and B. A. Seibel. 2008. Ecological biogeography of cephalopod molluscs in the Atlantic Ocean: Historical and contemporary causes of coastal diversity patterns. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17:600-610. | 2008 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Model | Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Primary Production |
Salvat, B., A. Aubanel, M. Adjeroud, P. Bouisset, D. Calmet, Y. Chancerelle, N. Cochennec, N. Davies, A. Fougerousse, R. Galzin, E. Lagouy, C. Lo, C. Monier, C. Ponsonnet, G. Remoissenet, D. Schneider, A. Stein, M. Tatarata, and L. Villiers. 2008. Monitoring of French Polynesia coral reefs and their recent development [Le suivi de l'etat des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise et leur recente evolution]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:145-177. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean | Field Study & Monitoring | Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Nutrients; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies |
Schroder, P., R. Herzig, B. Bojinov, A. Ruttens, E. Nehnevajova, S. Stamatiadis, A. Memon, A. Vassilev, M. Caviezel, and J. Vangronsveld. 2008. Bioenergy to save the world: Producing novel energy plants for growth on abandoned land. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 15:196-204. | 2008 | Global; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Domestic Animal Waste; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Skov, H. and F. Thomsen. 2008. Resolving fine-scale spatio-temporal dynamics in the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:173-186. | 2008 | Model | Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Thorpe, K.L., R. Benstead, P. Eccles, G. Maack, T. Williams, C.R. Tyler. 2008. A practicable laboratory flow-through exposure system for assessing the health effects of effluents in fish. Aquatic Toxicology 88:164-172. | 2008 | Lab Study; Model | Fish; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge | |
Villanueva, R. D., M. N. E. Montano, and H. T. Yap. 2008. Effects of natural gas condensate - water accommodated fraction on coral larvae. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1422-1428. | 2008 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Plankton; Stony Coral | ||
Waddell, J. E. and A. M. Clarke, editors. 2008. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2008. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 73. NOS NCCOS 73, NOAA/NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment�s Biogeography Team, Silver Spring, MD. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Internet & Telecommunications |
Wang, Y.-S., Z.-P. Lou, C.-C. Sun, and S. Sun. 2008. Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay, China, from 1982 to 2004. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1871-1879. | 2008 | China | Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Plankton; Shoreline Protection |
Wantiez, L. 2008. Coral reefs of New Caledonia in 2006: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de nouvelle-caledonie en 2006: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:117-132. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Cruise Ships; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Mining; Mining Policies; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge |
White, I., T. Falkland, T. Metutera, M. Katatia, T. Abete-Reema, M. Overmars, P. Perez, and A. Dray. 2008. Safe water for people in low, small Island Pacific Nations: The rural-urban dilemma. Development 51:282-287. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Water |
Wilhelmsson, D. and T. Malm. 2008. Fouling assemblages on offshore wind power plants and adjacent substrata. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 79:459-466. | 2008 | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Substrate | ||
World Bank Group. 2008. Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation. Nature based solutions from the world bank portfolio. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC. | 2008 | Global; South & Central America; Iran; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Invasive Species; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
[No author name available]. 2007. Sediment remediation & aquatic enhancement of former Campbell Shipyard Port of San Diego, California. World Dredging, Mining and Construction 43:13-Oct. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Military; Remediation; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Andersson, A. J., N. R. Bates, and F. T. Mackenzie. 2007. Dissolution of carbonate sediments under rising pCO2 and ocean acidification: Observations from Devil's Hole, Bermuda. Aquatic Geochemistry 13:237-264. | 2007 | Global; Bermuda | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment | |
Chen, B.-Y. 2007. Revealing threshold criteria of biostimulation for dye-laden wastewater treatment using immobilized cell systems. Process Biochemistry 42:158-166. | 2007 | Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Chou, L. M. and K. P. P. Tun. 2007. Conserving reefs beside a marine landfill in Singapore. Coral Reefs 26:719. | 2007 | Solid Waste Disposal | ||
Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC. | 2007 | Aquaculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water | ||
Hakata, T. 2007. Seismic PSA method for multiple nuclear power plants in a site. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 92:883-894. | 2007 | Model | ||
Hao, A., A. Marui, T. Haraguchi, and Y. Nakano. 2007. Estimation of wet bulb formation in various soil during drip irrigation. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 52:187-193. | 2007 | Model | Irrigation | |
Hwang, S. 2007. Page 111 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. St. Croix, USVI. | 2007 | Global; South & Central America; Caribbean | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Drinking Water Supply; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Schools & Colleges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Kang, L., J. Zhang, H. Lian, and M. Luo. 2007. Co-pyrolysis characteristics of coal and natural gas. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 24:508-511. | 2007 | Coal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Keenan, S. F., M. C. Benfield, and J. K. Blackburn. 2007. Importance of the artificial light field around offshore petroleum platforms for the associated fish community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 331:219-231. | 2007 | South & Central America; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Fish; Light; Natural Gas & Electric Power |
Merritt, R. 2007. MPAA's top cop quits, hopes to land corporate gig. Electronic Engineering Times 1469:36-38. | 2007 | Europe | Corporate Responses; Internet & Telecommunications | |
Moravchik, B. 2007. Comprehensive online tools for classroom teachers on coral reef ecosystems. Earth System Monitor 15:6. | 2007 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Internet & Telecommunications; Schools & Colleges | |
Narayan, K. A., C. Schleeberger, and K. L. Bristow. 2007. Modelling seawater intrusion in the Burdekin Delta Irrigation Area, North Queensland, Australia. Agricultural Water Management 89:217-228. | 2007 | Australia | Model | Agriculture; Irrigation; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water |
Peltier, R. 2007. Cover Story: Gas-fired top plants: Tenaska Virginia Generating Station, Scottsville, Virginia. Power 151. | 2007 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Wholesale & Retail Trade | ||
Reach Networks Hong Kong Ltd. 2007. Project Profile: Asia-America Gateway (AAG) Cable Network, South Lantau. Wanchai, Hong Kong SAR. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; India; Taiwan; Europe | Review | Internet & Telecommunications |
Schmidt, J. A., S. W. Ellsworth, R. A. Brooks, D. E. Bishop, M. C. Aubele, and A. E. Watkins. 2007. Environmental mitigation - Conclusion: Habitat replacement increases flora-fauna diversity, abundance. Oil and Gas Journal 105:50-54. | 2007 | South & Central America; Mexico | Fish; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Schmidt, J. A., S. W. Ellsworth, R. A. Brooks, D. F. Bishop, M. C. Aubele, and H. E. Watkins. 2007. Environmental mitigation - 3: Limestone boulders, artificial reef modules provide seafloor mitigation. Oil and Gas Journal 105:60-64. | 2007 | South & Central America; Mexico | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Octocoral; Pipelines; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae | |
Schmidt, J. A., S. W. Ellsworth, R. A. Brooks, D. F. Bishop, M. G. Bisett, M. C. Aubele, and H. E. Watkins. 2007. Colonization and habitat use by marine fish and epifauna of the gulfstream pipeline habitat replacement structures. Pages 397-408 in Proceedings of the Biennial International Pipeline Conference, IPC. | 2007 | South & Central America; Florida; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Fish; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Snow, N. 2007. Watching government: CFTC, FERC 'conflict' noted. Oil and Gas Journal 105:30. | 2007 | Iran | Food & Energy Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Villareal, T. A., S. Hanson, S. Qualia, E. L. E. Jester, H. R. Granade, and R. W. Dickey. 2007. Petroleum production platforms as sites for the expansion of ciguatera in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Harmful Algae 6:253-259. | 2007 | Global; South & Central America; Mexico | Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation | |
Watkinson, M. P., M. B. Hart, and A. Joshi. 2007. Cretaceous tectonostratigraphy and the development of the Cauvery Basin, southeast India. Petroleum Geoscience 13:181-191. | 2007 | Australia; India | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment |
White, I., T. Falkland, P. Perez, A. Dray, T. Metutera, E. Metai, and M. Overmars. 2007. Challenges in freshwater management in low coral atolls. Journal of Cleaner Production 15:1522-1528. | 2007 | Agriculture; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Waterborne Discharges | ||
White, I., T. Falkland, T. Metutera, E. Metai, M. Overmars, P. Perez, A. Dray, and A. C. Falkland. 2007. Climatic and human influences on groundwater in low atolls. Vadose Zone Journal 6:581-590. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati | Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Wijffels, R. H. 2007. Potential of sponges and microalgae for marine biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology 26:26-31. | 2007 | Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges | ||
Wilson, A. 2007. Nonwoven support - From Boscombe Pier to Palm Jumeirah. Technical Textiles International 16:25-28. | 2007 | Global; United Arab Emirates; Europe | Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Road Construction & Maintenance; Shoreline Protection | |
Zhao, M. J., S. C. Zhang, L. Zhao, and J. Da. 2007. Geochemical features and genesis of the natural gas and bitumen in paleo-oil reservoirs of Nanpanjiang Basin, China. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 50:689-701. | 2007 | China | Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
[No author name available]. 2006. Drilling & Production - Quick takes: Michigan reef due portable N-CO2 flood. Oil and Gas Journal 104:9-Aug. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring | CO2; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients | |
[No author name available]. 2006. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Genetically Engineered Probes for Biomedical Applications. in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps | Biotechnology Research & Development; Internet & Telecommunications | |
Berman, D. J. 2006. Recycling from rhodes to reefs. Public Roads 70. | 2006 | Artificial Habitat; Solid Waste Disposal | ||
Conlan, K. E., G. H. Rau, and R. G. Kvitek. 2006. δ13C and δ15N shifts in benthic invertebrates exposed to sewage from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:1695-1707. | 2006 | Index or Indicator | Bivalves; Octocoral; Point Source Discharges; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies | |
Doney, S. C. 2006. The dangers of ocean acidification. Scientific American 294:58-65. | 2006 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity | |
Dykes, A. P. and J. Gunn. 2006. Hoga island, Sulawesi, Indonesia: Geomorphology and groundwater resources of a small tropical carbonate island. Cave and Karst Science 33:21-28. | 2006 | Indonesia | Field Study & Monitoring | Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water |
Frihy, O. E., A. N. Hassan, W. R. El Sayed, M. M. Iskander, and M. Y. Sherif. 2006. A review of methods for constructing coastal recreational facilities in Egypt (Red Sea). Ecological Engineering 27:12-Jan. | 2006 | Egypt | Review | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Hotel & Food Services; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation |
Glasby, G. P. 2006. Drastic reductions in utilizable fossil fuel reserves: An environmental imperative. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8:197-215. | 2006 | Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Climate; CO2 | |
Jensen, L. T., E. Rosenqvist, and J. M. Aaslyng. 2006. A daylight climate chamber for testing greenhouse climate control strategies and calculating canopy carbon dioxide exchange. HortTechnology 16:191-198. | 2006 | CO2; Irrigation; Light; Primary Production | ||
Kelkar, R. R. 2006. The Indian monsoon as a component of the climate system during the Holocene. Journal of the Geological Society of India 68:347-352. | 2006 | Global; Indian Ocean; India | Model; Index or Indicator | Climate; Sea Temperatures; Sediment |
Kelley Hart. 2006. The upper Neuse Clean Water Iniative Conservation Plan. | 2006 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Improved Technology; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Utilities Policies |
Larson, S. and A. Smajgl. 2006. Conceptual framework for the water use benefit index in the Great Barrier Reef region. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 1:157-169. | 2006 | Australia | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Internet & Telecommunications |
Madhusoodanan, G., P. P. Ouseph, and S. Kumar. 2006. Bacterial contamination of drinking water and its impact on primary health at Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep, Union Territory of India. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences 8:839-843. | 2006 | Global; India | Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Water Utilities Policies | |
Minerals Management Service. 2006. Leasing Oil and Natural Gas Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior. | 2006 | South & Central America; India; Mexico | Monetary Valuation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Special Use Permitting; Utility Policies | |
Natarajan, S. P., T. M. Weller, and A. M. Hoff. 2006. Integrated micro coaxial air-lines with perforations. Pages 424-427 in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. | 2006 | Utility Line Construction & Maintenance | ||
Nodwell, B. J. and B. S. Hart. 2006. Deeply-rooted paleobathymetric control on the deposition of the Falher F conglomerate trend, Wapiti Field, Deep Basin, Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 54:21-Jan. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps | Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Reynolds, P., J. L. Wiener, J. C. Mogul, M. K. Aguilera, and A. Vahdat. 2006. WAP5: Black-box performance debugging for wide-area systems. Pages 347-356 in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on World Wide Web. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring | ||
Stewart, L. K., P. B. Charlesworth, K. L. Bristow, and P. J. Thorburn. 2006. Estimating deep drainage and nitrate leaching from the root zone under sugarcane using APSIM-SWIM. Agricultural Water Management 81:315-334. | 2006 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Stix, G. 2006. A climate repair manual. Scientific American 295:46-49. | 2006 | Global | Climate; Coal Mining; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure | |
Tabosa, W. F. and H. Vital. 2006. Hydrodynamic forcings and environmental impacts on the coast and shelf of São Bento do Norte - NE/Brazil. Pages 165-174 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. | 2006 | Finfish Harvest; Oil & Gas Industry; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Turton, A., C. Schultz, H. Buckle, M. Kgomongoe, T. Malungani, and M. Drackner. 2006. Gold, scorched earth and water: The hydropolitics of Johannesburg. International Journal of Water Resources Development 22:313-335. | 2006 | South Africa | Housing; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Wilhelmsson, D., S. A. S. Yahya, and M. C. Ohman. 2006. Effects of high-relief structures on cold temperate fish assemblages: A field experiment. Marine Biology Research 2:136-147. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Planktivorous Fish | |
Wilhelmsson, D., T. Malm, and M. C. Ohman. 2006. The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63:775-784. | 2006 | Europe | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Marine Protected Areas | |
[No author name available]. 2005. Giovanni. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86:314. | 2005 | Panama | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Internet & Telecommunications |
Ahmadipour, M. 2005. The effect of sinkholes on leakage of water from the Sarabchenar dam, southwest Iiran. Journal of Environmental Hydrology 13. | 2005 | Iran | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Irrigation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Andersson, A. J., F. T. MacKenzie, and A. Lerman. 2005. Coastal ocean and carbonate systems in the high CO2 world of the anthropocene. American Journal of Science 305:875-918. | 2005 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Model | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Bodnar, J. L. 2005. The information technology of SHIELDS - NOAA'S Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Emergency Logistics Database System. Pages 11312-11316 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. | 2005 | Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Internet & Telecommunications; Petroleum Spills | |
Brown, T. P. 2005. Diagnosis and management of injuries from dangerous marine life. MedGenMed [electronic resource] : Medscape general medicine7:5. | 2005 | Field Study & Monitoring | Irrigation; Sea Urchins | |
Burghardt, I., J. Evertsen, G. Johnsen, and H. Wagele. 2005. Solar powered seaslugs - Mutualistic symbiosis of aeolid nudibranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) with Symbiodinium. Symbiosis 38:227-250. | 2005 | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Housing; Light; Molluscs; Octocoral; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae | ||
Burns, C., K. A. Campbell, and R. Mooi. 2005. Exceptional crinoid occurrences and associated carbonates of the Keasey Formation (Early Oligocene) at Mist, Oregon, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 227:210-231. | 2005 | GIS & Maps | Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Substrate | |
Costanzo, S. D., J. Udy, B. Longstaff, and A. Jones. 2005. Using nitrogen stable isotope ratios of macroalgae to determine the effectiveness of sewage upgrades: changes in the extent of sewage plumes over four years in Moreton Bay, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:212-217. | 2005 | Australia; Cuba | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies |
Costanzo, S.D., J. Murby, J. Bates. 2005. Ecosystem response to antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:218-223. | 2005 | Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge | ||
de Koning, J. and S. Thiesen. 2005. Aqua Solaris - An optimized small scale desalination system with 40 litres output per square meter based upon solar-thermal distillation. Desalination 182:503-509. | 2005 | Model | Deforestation & Devegetation; Energy Policy & Development; Pathogens | |
Enriquez, S., E. R. Mendez, and R. Iglesias-Prieto. 2005. Multiple scattering on coral skeletons enhances light absorption by symbiotic algae. Limnology and Oceanography 50:1025-1032. | 2005 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Algae; Light; Stony Coral |
Gischler, E. and W. Oschmann. 2005. Historical climate variation in Belize (Central America) as recorded in scleractinian coral skeletons. Palaios 20:159-174. | 2005 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize | GIS & Maps | Climate; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Guilderson, T. P., J. E. Cole, and J. R. Southon. 2005. Pre-bomb Δ14C variability and the Suess effect in Cariaco Basin surface waters as recorded in hermatypic corals. Radiocarbon 47:57-65. | 2005 | CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Mitchell, C., J. Brodie, and I. White. 2005. Sediments, nutrients and pesticide residues in event flow conditions in streams of the Mackay Whitsunday Region, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:23-36. | 2005 | Australia | Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. | 2005 | Improved Technology; Nutrients; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Noonburg, G. E. 2005. Management of extremity trauma and related infections occurring in the aquatic environment. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 13:243-253. | 2005 | Irrigation; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. | 2005 | India | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Remediation; Security Policies; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies |
Perna, C. and D. Burrows. 2005. Improved dissolved oxygen status following removal of exotic weed mats in important fish habitat lagoons of the tropical Burdekin River floodplain, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:138-148. | 2005 | Australia | Agriculture; Fish; Irrigation; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Roberts, M. and S. Gass. 2005. Looking for Lophelia. Planet Earth 26-27. | 2005 | Lab Study | Anemones & Zooanthids; Internet & Telecommunications; Skeletal Coral; Sponges | |
Tomasko, D. A., C. A. Corbett, H. S. Greening, and G. E. Raulerson. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:797-805. | 2005 | Florida | Nutrients; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge | |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Reviewing environmental impact statements for fishery management plans. Office of Federal Activities, Washington DC. | 2005 | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fishing Sector; Internet & Telecommunications; Special Use Permitting | |
2004. U.S. Ocean Action Plan: The Bush Administration�s Response to the U.S. Ocean Commission on Policy. | 2004 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Pacific Ocean; Mexico | Climate; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Tourism & Recreation | |
Amidon, D. G., V. Dick, and T. Benedict. 2004. Development of an international LNG project: The Bahamas and beyond. in Proceedings - Natural Gas Technologies II: Ingenuity and Innovation. | 2004 | Florida; Bahamas | Field Study & Monitoring | Discharges; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines |
Barile, P. J. 2004. Evidence of anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment of the littoral waters of east central Florida. Journal of Coastal Research 20:1237-1245. | 2004 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India | Index or Indicator | Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Improved Technology; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge |
Bath, A., B. Shackleton, and C. Botica. 2004. Development of temperature criteria for marine discharge from a large industrial seawater supplies project in Western Australia. Water SA 30:648-654. | 2004 | Australia | Discharges; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Water | |
Chen, C.-Y., K.-T. Shao, and Y.-Y. Tu. 2004. Effect of thermal discharges on the fish assemblages of a nuclear power plant in northern Taiwan. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 12:404-410. | 2004 | Taiwan | Field Study & Monitoring | Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish |
Epstein, P. R. and C. Rogers, editors. 2004. INSIDE THE GREENHOUSE THE IMPACTS OF CO2 AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE INNER CITY. Center for Health and the Global Environment Harvard Medical School, Boston, (MA, USA). | 2004 | Climate; CO2; Microorganisms; Pathogens | ||
Gaston, T. F., A. Kostoglidis, and I. M. Suthers. 2004. The 13C, 15N and 34S signatures of a rocky reef planktivorous fish indicate different coastal discharges of sewage. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:689-699. | 2004 | Discharges; Fish; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies | ||
Harvey, L. D. D. 2004. Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration: Implications for compliance with the united national framework convention on climate change. Climatic change 63:259-290. | 2004 | Model | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Jokiel, P. L. and E. K. Brown. 2004. Global warming, regional trends and inshore environmental conditions influence coral bleaching in Hawaii. Global Change Biology 10:1627-1641. | 2004 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Light | |
Kolian, S. and A. Walker. 2004. Louisiana is losing critical reef habitat and job opportunities. Sea Technology 45:31-34. | 2004 | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Kwong, J. and J. Kalani. 2004. Microtunnelling required for ocean outfall beneath coral reefs. Water and Wastewater International 19:12-Nov. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean | Construction Codes & Projects; Improved Technology; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge | |
Leblond, D. 2004. General interest: IEA: Open gas markets improve supply reliability, security. Oil and Gas Journal 102:28-31. | 2004 | Global; Australia; Norway | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry | |
McDaniels, T. L. and R. Gregory. 2004. Learning as an Objective within a Structured Risk Management Decision Process. Environmental Science and Technology 38:1921-1926. | 2004 | Columbia | Review | Fishing Sector; Natural Gas & Electric Power |
Mumby, P. J., W. Skirving, A. E. Strong, J. T. Hardy, E. F. LeDrew, E. J. Hochberg, R. P. Stumpg, and L. T. David. 2004. Remote sensing of coral reefs and their physical environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48:219-228. | 2004 | Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Internet & Telecommunications; Light | |
Reid, J. M. and M. G. Winter. 2004. The use of post-consumer tyres in civil engineering. Pages 195-202 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management and Recycling: Used/Post-Consumer Tyres. | 2004 | Artificial Habitat; Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Road Construction & Maintenance; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies | ||
Sultzman, C. and D. DA N Meyer. 2004. State impact on coral reefs. Environmental Engineering 17:45-48. | 2004 | Florida | Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications | |
Tutken, T., H.-U. Pfretzschner, T. W. Vennemann, G. Sun, and Y. D. Wang. 2004. Paleobiology and skeletochronology of Jurassic dinosaurs: Implications from the histology and oxygen isotope compositions of bones. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 206:217-238. | 2004 | China | Climate; Water | |
Walter, A. and S. C. Lambrecht. 2004. Biosphere 2 Center as a unique tool for environmental studies. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 6:267-277. | 2004 | Global; Columbia | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; CO2; Forestry; Irrigation |
[No author name available]. 2003. Coral Princess: First of the new Princess pair from Atlantique. Pages 13-15 Naval Architect. | 2003 | Cruise Ships; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies | ||
[No author name available]. 2003. Projects: Broward-Bahamas pipeline gets preliminary FERC nod. Pipeline and Gas Journal 230. | 2003 | Florida; Bahamas | Fish; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines | |
Bandara, N. J. G. J. 2003. Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka. Water Science and Technology 47:305-312. | 2003 | Sri Lanka | Agriculture; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges | |
Caldeira, K. and M. E. Wickett. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425:365. | 2003 | CO2 | ||
Conruyt, N. and D. Grosser. 2003. Knowledge engineering in environmental sciences with IKBS. Pages 267-278 in AI Communications. | 2003 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Collaboration & Partnering; Internet & Telecommunications | |
El-Wahab, M. A. and A. S. El-Sorogy. 2003. Scleractinian corals as pollution indicators, Red Sea Coast, Egypt. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Monatshefte 641-655. | 2003 | Egypt | Index or Indicator | Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation |
Finkl, C. W. and R. H. Charlier. 2003. Sustainability of Subtropical Coastal Zones in Southeastern Florida: Challenges for Urbanized Coastal Environments Threatened by Development, Pollution, Water Supply, and Storm Hazards. Journal of Coastal Research 19:934-943. | 2003 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba | Model | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Remediation; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water; Wetlands |
Lake, J. A., J. Spitalnik, and T. J. Dolan. 2003. Americas Nuclear Energy Symposium-2002. Pages 40-44 in Nuclear News. | 2003 | |||
Moberg, F. and P. Ronnback. 2003. Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: Interactions, substitutions and restoration. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:27-46. | 2003 | Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Mangroves; Seagrasses | ||
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. | 2003 | Domestic Animal Waste; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Rayment, G. E. 2003. Water quality in sugar catchments of Queensland. Water Science and Technology 48:35-47. | 2003 | Australia | Review; Index or Indicator | Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Thomas, F. R. 2003. Kiribati: \Some aspects of human ecology,\" forty years later". Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-40. | 2003 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Resource Use Management | |
Thorburn, P. J., J. S. Biggs, K. L. Weier, and B. A. Keating. 2003. Nitrate in groundwaters of intensive agricultural areas in coastal Northeastern Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 94:49-58. | 2003 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
[No author name available]. 2002. World's largest fuel cell installation at Verizon switching center. Fuel Cells Bulletin 2002:4-Mar. | 2002 | Internet & Telecommunications | ||
Buckley, R. 2002. Surf tourism and sustainable development in Indo-Pacific Islands. I. The industry and the islands. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10:405-424. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Textiles & Apparel; Tourism & Recreation | |
da Silva Andrade, A. C. and J. M. Landim Dominguez. 2002. Geologic-geomorphological informations as subsidies for environmental analysis: The example of caravelas coastal plain - Bahia [Informacõs geologico-geomorfologicas como subsidios à analise ambiental: O exemplo da planicie costeira de caravelas -. Boletim Paranaense de Geosciencias 51:17-Sep. | 2002 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Beaches & Nature Parks; Forestry; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Dewidar, KH .M . 2002. Landfill detection in Hurghada, North Red Sea, Egypt, using thematic mapper images. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23:939-948. | 2002 | Egypt | GIS & Maps | Beaches & Nature Parks; Hotel & Food Services; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation |
Fu, S., J. Huang, and X. Yan. 2002. New exploration realm of paleozoic marine carbonate rocks in E'erduosi-Basin. Tianranqi Gongye/Natural Gas Industry 22:17-21+2. | 2002 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment | ||
Furugen, M., Y. Noha, H. Maekado, Chihiro-Yokoyama, Y. Koshiishi, S. Ebashi, K. Iwasaki, T. Kijima, T. Yamaguchi, and H. Kaizu. 2002. Completion of submarine cable lines combining low environmental impact with low cost. Furukawa Review 21:44-49. | 2002 | Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Gartner, A., P. Lavery, and A. J. Smit. 2002. Use of δ15N signatures of different functional forms of macroalgae and filter-feeders to reveal temporal and spatial patterns in sewage dispersal. Marine Ecology Progress Series 235:63-73. | 2002 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Algae; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Sponges; Wastewater Discharge |
Imam, M. B. and M. Hussain. 2002. A review of hydrocarbon habitats in Bangladesh. Journal of Petroleum Geology 25:31-52. | 2002 | Indian Ocean; India | Review | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment |
Kvernevik, T.-I., M. Zambri Mohd Akhir, and J. Studholme. 2002. A low-cost procedure for automatic seafloor mapping, with particular reference to coral reef conservation in developing nations. Hydrobiologia 474:67-79. | 2002 | Malaysia | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications |
Nielsen, CH . 2002. Plans for offshore wind power in Denmark. VGB PowerTech 82:37-40. | 2002 | |||
Nitschke, P., M. Mather, and F. Juanes. 2002. Evidence for density-dependent mortality in recruitment of a temperate reef fish, cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus, among similar reefs in the vicinity of an anthropogenic disturbance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 226:165-178. | 2002 | Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Special Use Permitting | ||
Ono, Y. 2002. Landform conservation and flood control: The issue of the Chitose Diversion Channel project in Hokkaido, Japan. Australian Geographical Studies 40:143-154. | 2002 | Japan | Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Reckhow, Kenneth H.; Stow, Craig A.; Borsuk, Mark E. 2002. Uncertainty Between The Criterion And The Designated Use: Implications For Standards And Tmdl Margin Of Safety. Pages 1223-1228 in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. | 2002 | Model; Index or Indicator | Designated Uses; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Water | |
Reise, K. 2002. Sediment mediated species interactions in coastal waters. Journal of Sea Research 48:127-141. | 2002 | Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Irrigation; Microorganisms; Sediment | ||
Renken, R. A., W. C. Ward, I. P. Gill, F. Gomez-Gomez, and J. Rodriguez-Martinez. 2002. Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean Islands aquifer system of the commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1-139. | 2002 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Climate; Discharges; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands |
US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA. | 2002 | Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Bingham, B. L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81-251. | 2001 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation |
CARICOMP. 2001. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP); a cooperative research and monitoring network of marine laboratories, parks, and reserves. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. | 2001 | Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; Panama; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses |
Chen, C.-T., C.-H. Wang, K.-Y. Soong, and B.-J. Wang. 2001. Water temperature records from corals near the nuclear power plant in southern Taiwan. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 44:356-362. | 2001 | China; Taiwan | ||
Druffel, E. R. M., S. Griffin, T. P. Guilderson, M. Kashgarian, J. Southon, and D. P. Schrag. 2001. Changes of subtropical North Pacific radiocarbon and correlation with climate variability. Radiocarbon 43:15-25. | 2001 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Climate; CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. | 2001 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands |
Jan, R.-Q., J.-P. Chen, C.-Y. Lin, and K.-T. Shao. 2001. Long-term monitoring of the coral reef fish communities around a nuclear power plant. Aquatic Ecology 35:233-243. | 2001 | Cuba; Taiwan | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Storms & Hurricanes |
Opishinski, T. B., M. L. Spaulding, K. Rutzler, and M. Carpenter. 2001. A real time environmental data monitoring, management and analysis system for the coral reefs off the coast of Belize. Pages 1188-1197 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 2001 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications |
[No author name available]. 2000. Barrel notes/Gas...Coral (Shell) starts up gas pipeline, linking US and Pemex grids. Petrostrategies 15:9. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
[No author name available]. 2000. Coral Energy inks 2-year deal to manage KeySpan's gas assets. Natural Gas Week 16:16. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
[No author name available]. 2000. Quick takes...Enterprise Products Partners buys Coral Energy unit. Oil and Gas Journal 98:9. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines | ||
[No author name available]. 2000. Shell integrates trading activities, lifts InterGen stake to 68%. Petrostrategies 15:8. | 2000 | Global; Europe | Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
[No author name available]. 2000. United States...Shell, Bechtel to boost InterGen power business. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly 39:12. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines | ||
[No author name available]. 2000. What's new around the world...Nigeria LNG sells first spot cargo. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly 39:8. | 2000 | Spain; France | Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Agard, J. B. R. and J. F. Gobin. 2000. The Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 627-641. | 2000 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Antilles; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Martinique; Venezuela; Guyana; Caribbean | Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Deforestation & Devegetation; Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Whales & Dolphins | |
Ammar, M. S. A., E. M. Amin, D. Gundacker, and W. E. G. Mueller. 2000. One rational strategy for restoration of coral reefs: Application of molecular biological tools to select sites for rehabilitation by asexual recruits. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:618-627. | 2000 | Egypt | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Octocoral; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Stony Coral; Substrate; Zooxanthellae |
Coral Reef, AL LI AN CE. 2000. The CORAL diver network: diver report reef conditions on-line. The CORAL diver network: diver report reef conditions on-line. | 2000 | Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean; Mexico | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism | |
Debrot, A. O. and J. Sybesma. 2000. The Dutch Antilles. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 595-614. | 2000 | South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean | GIS & Maps | Coastal Development; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges |
Dempsey, M. J., W. E. Mathieson, and T. A. Winters. 2000. Learning from Offshore Decommissioning Practices in Europe and the USA. Pages 741-746 in SPE - Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Europe | Internet & Telecommunications; Special Use Permitting | |
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. | 2000 | Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Gagan, M. K., L. K. Ayliffe, J. W. Beck, J. E. Cole, E. R. M. Druffel, R. B. Dunbar, and D. P. Schrag. 2000. New views of tropical paleoclimates from corals. Quaternary Science Reviews 19:45-64. | 2000 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia | Model | Climate; CO2; Sea Temperatures; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Ghassemi, F., K. Alam, and K. W. F. Howard. 2000. Fresh-water lenses and practical limitations of their three-dimensional simulation. Hydrogeology Journal 8:521-537. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India | Model | Water |
Gosmano, J. 2000. EnronOnline in e-commerce lead, but others also active players. Natural Gas Week 16. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Gosmano, J. 2000. Successful companies point way to energy sector of the future. Natural Gas Week 16:3-Jan. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Gosmano, J. and D. Pike. 2000. Crowded energy e-trading arena grows with TradeSpark offering. Natural Gas Week 16:2. | 2000 | Internet & Telecommunications; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Toxics | ||
Hajkowicz, S., M. Young, S. Wheeler, D. MacDonald, and D. Young. 2000. Supporting Decisions: Understanding Natural Resource Management Assessment Techniques - A report to the Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation. Primary Industries and Resources SA, Adelaide (South Australia). | 2000 | Australia | Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Resource Use Management; Salinity | |
Hardman-Mountford, N. J., K. A. Koranteng, and A. R. G. Price. 2000. The Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 773-796. | 2000 | Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Kalakaua Marine Education, CE NT ER. 2000. Hawaii coral reef network. Hawaii coral reef network. | 2000 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Collaboration & Partnering | |
Moore, M. D., C. D. Charles, J. L. Rubenstone, and R. G. Fairbanks. 2000. U/Th-dated sclerosponges from the Indonesian Seaway record subsurface adjustments to west Pacific winds. Paleoceanography 15:404-416. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Solomon Islands; Indonesia | Model | Sponges |
Oakley, S., N. Pilcher, and E. Wood. 2000. Borneo. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 361-379. | 2000 | Global; Malaysia; Indonesia | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Forestry; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Whales & Dolphins | |
Office of Satellite Data Processing and, DI ST RI BU TI ON. 2000. 1998 animations of coral bleaching hotspots from NOAA/NESDIS. 1998 animations of coral bleaching hotspots from NOAA/NESDIS. | 2000 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Bahrain | Field Study & Monitoring | |
Office of Satellite Data Processing and, DI ST RI BU TI ON. 2000. Coral bleaching hotspots. Coral bleaching hotspots. | 2000 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Sea Temperatures |
Office of Satellite Data Processing and, DI ST RI BU TI ON. 2000. Coral reef thermal stress monitoring. Coral reef thermal stress monitoring. | 2000 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Sea Temperatures |
Parezo, S. 2000. Mexican pipe nears completion; US gas to flow into Pemex line. Natural Gas Week 16:6. | 2000 | South & Central America; Mexico | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines | |
Paul, J. H., M. R. McLaughlin, D. W. Griffin, E. K. Lipp, R. Stokes, and J. B. Rose. 2000. Rapid movement of wastewater from on-site disposal systems into surface waters in the Lower Florida Keys. Estuaries 23:662-668. | 2000 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Ports & Harbors; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge | |
Ramachandran, S. 2000. Southeast India. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 161-173. | 2000 | India | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fishing Sector; Irrigation; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Rao, D. V. S. and F. Al-Yamani. 2000. The Arabian Gulf. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 16-Jan. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; India | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fish; Invasive Species; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Plankton; Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Reef Environmental Education, FO UN DA TI ON. 2000. Reef Environmental Education Foundation survey data. Reef Environmental Education Foundation survey data. | 2000 | Global | Index or Indicator | Environmental Education & Outreach; Social Organizations |
Roseth, R. 2000. Shell sand: A new filter medium for constructed wetlands and wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 35:1335-1355. | 2000 | Norway | Sewage Treatment; Snails & Conch; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands | |
Sabti, H., M. M. Hossain, R. R. Brooks, and R. B. Stewart. 2000. The current environmental impact of base-metal mining at the Tui Mine, Te Aroha, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30:197-207. | 2000 | Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Schmollinger, C. 2000. Southeast: Tenaska, Coral Power in power agreement. Natural Gas Week 16:16-17. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Red Sea. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 35-45. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; India | Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies | |
Shook, and B. 2000. Gas, power marketers form group for online trading of energy. Natural Gas Week 16:18-19. | 2000 | Internet & Telecommunications; Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Shook, , B., Schmollinger, and C. 2000. Giant Enron still high card, but rest of pack reshuffled. Natural Gas Week 16:3-Jan. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power | ||
Shook, B. 2000. Parts of Shell's Tejas, Coral to merge into Bechtel venture. Natural Gas Week 16:5. | 2000 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Wiens, M., M. S. A. Ammar, A. H. Nawar, C. Koziol, H. M. A. Hassanein, M. Eisinger, I. M. Muller, and W. E. G. Muller. 2000. Induction of heat-shock (stress) protein gene expression by selected natural and anthropogenic disturbances in the octocoral Dendronephthya klunzingeri. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 245:265-276. | 2000 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Octocoral; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Sponges | |
Wilkinson, C., editor. 2000. Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2000. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network/Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville(Queensland, Australia). | 2000 | Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean | Climate | |
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. | 2000 | Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands | |
[No author name available]. 1999. Proceedings of the 1999 Exploration and Production Environmental Conference, SPE/EPA. in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference. | 1999 | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Waterborne Discharges | ||
Al-Awadhi, F. M. A. 1999. The Year of the Ocean and its crucial importance to the Gulf. Desalination 123:127-133. | 1999 | Global | Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Finfish Harvest; Littering; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waste Management Policies | |
Bruzzone, GA ., R. Bono, M. Caccia, G. Veruggio, C. Ferreira, C. Silvestre, P. Oliveira, and A. Pascoal. 1999. Internet mission control of the ROMEO Unmanned Underwater Vehicle using the CORAL mission controller. Pages 1081-1087 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 1999 | Lab Study | Internet & Telecommunications | |
Chandrasena, N. and R. Sim. 1999. Managing entrenched weed problems in botany wetlands - An urban stormwater basin in Sydney. Pages 313-319 in Water Supply. | 1999 | Chemical Use Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation; Water; Wetlands | ||
Druffel, E. R. M. and S. Griffin. 1999. Variability of surface ocean radiocarbon and stable isotopes in the southwestern Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 104:23607-23613. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | CO2; Salinity | |
Ghassemi, F., J. W. Molson, A. Falkland, and K. Alam. 1999. Three-dimensional simulation of the home island freshwater lens: Preliminary results. Environmental Modelling & Software 14:181-190. | 1999 | Model | Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Jacobson, MA RC US. 1999. Responsibility that can't be dumped. Automotive Engineer (London) 24:68-70. | 1999 | Docks & Marinas; Solid Waste Disposal | ||
Meekins, K. L. 1999. Geology and exploration of the Manteo Prospect off North Carolina. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:117-122. | 1999 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment | |
Moore, S. W. 1999. Datalogging instrument arrays: Powerful yet inexpensive tools for recording the heterogeneous physical environment of coral reefs. Oceanologica Acta 22:687-698. | 1999 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Physical Variables | |
Newnham, R. E. 1999. ECerS Plenary Address: Ceramics into next millennium. British Ceramic Transactions 98:251-255. | 1999 | Global | Aquaculture; Irrigation | |
Testezlaf, R., C. A. Larsen, T. H. Yeager, and F. S. Zazueta. 1999. Tensiometric monitoring of container substrate moisture status. HortTechnology 9:105-109. | 1999 | Field Study & Monitoring | Irrigation; Substrate | |
Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley, and V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8:559-568. | 1998 | Review | Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Duwig, C., T. Becquer, B. E. Clothier, and M. Vauclin. 1998. Nitrate leaching through oxisols of the Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) under intensified agricultural practices. Geoderma 84:29-43. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia | Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Fouda, M. M., G. V. Hermosa Jr., and S. M. Al-Harthi. 1998. Status of fish biodiversity in the Sultanate of Oman. Italian Journal of Zoology 65:521-525. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman | Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Special Use Permitting | |
Fuchs, A. and U. Radtke. 1998. Ecological problems on the carribean island of Barbados [Okologische probleme auf der karibischen insel Barbados]. Geographische Rundschau 50:706-713. | 1998 | Cuba | Deforestation & Devegetation; Drinking Water Supply; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water | |
Gauthier, F., S. Gagnon, and B. Dansereau. 1998. Incorporation Of Organic Residues To Peat-Lite Substrates For Production Of Impatiens And Geraniums [Incorporation De Residus Organiques Dans Un Substrat Tourbeux Pour La Production D'Impatiens Et De Geraniums]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78:131-138. | 1998 | Index or Indicator | Forestry; Irrigation; Substrate | |
Hower Amy, E. 1998. Combining wave energy and artificial reef technology for sustainable coastal resource development. Pages 1691-1695 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 1998 | Review | Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Drinking Water Supply; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Hung, T.-C., C.-C. Huang, and K.-T. Shao. 1998. Ecological survey of coastal water adjacent to nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Chemistry and Ecology 519-532. | 1998 | Taiwan | Algae; Discharges; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton | |
Kasprzak, R. A. 1998. Use of oil and gas platforms as habitat in Louisiana's artificial reef program. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:37-45. | 1998 | Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Defense; Corporate Responses; Finfish Harvest; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting; Utility Policies | ||
Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. | 1998 | Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Venezuela; India | Model | Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water |
Worheide, G. 1998. The reef cave dwelling ultraconservative coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana Lister 1900 from the Indo-Pacific. Facies 38:Jan-88. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Cavenagh, A. 1997. Greenpeace tries to obstruct oil licences. Engineer 285:14-15. | 1997 | Review | ||
Daily, G. C., S. Alexander, P. R. Ehrlich, L. Goulder, J. Lubchenco, P. A. Matson, H. A. Mooney, S. Postel, S. H. Schneider, D.Tilman, and G. M. Woodwell. 1997. Ecosystem services: benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems. Issues in Ecology 1:1-18. | 1997 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Climate; Economic Markets & Policies; Forestry; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting |
Druffel, E. R. M. 1997. Pulses of rapid ventilation in the North Atlantic surface ocean during the past century. Science 275:1454-1457. | 1997 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Dvorak, J. 1997. Geology of palaeozoic sediments in the surroundings of Ostrov u Macochy (Moravian Karst, Moravia) [Geologie paleozoika v okoli Ostrova u Macochy (Moravský kras, Morava)]. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 42:105-110. | 1997 | Drinking Water Supply; Sediment | ||
Lee, M. T. and P. G. Nicholson. 1997. An engineering test program of msw ash mixed with quarry tailings for use as a landfill construction material. ASTM Special Technical Publication 1275:205-218. | 1997 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Solid Waste Disposal | |
Takazawa, H., M. Amano, SA MU EL A Tukan, and T. Tanaka. 1997. Study on multi-function ocean thermal energy conversion utilization system for coral reef area. Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho/Bulletin of the Electrotechnical Laboratory 61:16-Nov. | 1997 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji | ||
Tole, M. P. 1997. Pollution of groundwater in the coastal Kwale District, Kenya. IAHS-AISH Publication 240:287-297. | 1997 | Kenya | Hotel & Food Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
[No author name available]. 1996. Dutra's environmental dredging pilot projects. World Dredging, Mining and Construction 32:10-11+28. | 1996 | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Military; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal | ||
Anisko, T. and O. M. Lindstrom. 1996. Cold hardiness of evergreen azaleas is increased by water stress imposed at three dates. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121:296-300. | 1996 | Lab Study | Water | |
Bohm, F., M. M. Joachimski, H. Lehnert, G. Morgenroth, W. Kretschmer, J. Vacelet, and W.-Chr. Dullo. 1996. Carbon isotope records from extant Caribbean and South Pacific sponges: Evolution of δ13C in surface water DIC. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 139:291-303. | 1996 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Caribbean | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Cecich, V., L. Gonzales, A. Hoisaeter, J. Williams, and K. Reddy. 1996. Use of shredded tires as lightweight backfill material for retaining structures. Waste Management and Research 14:433-451. | 1996 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Shoreline Armoring; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies | |
Flathman Paul, E., L. Laski Mary, R. Trausch Jason, H. Carson Jr. John, M. Woodhull Patrick, E. Jerger Douglas, and R. Lear Paul. 1996. Effect of micronutrient addition on the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated coral sand at a U.S. Navy facility on Midway Island in the Pacific. in Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition. | 1996 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Lab Study | Coastal Defense; Military; Nutrients; Remediation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
Hicklenton, P. R. and K. G. Cairns. 1996. Plant water relations and mineral nutrition of containerized nursery plants in relation to irrigation method. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76:155-160. | 1996 | Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Nutrients | ||
Katz, M. 1996. The Florida Keys ecosystem monitoring integration project. Earth System Monitor 6:13-Dec. | 1996 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins |
Macdonald, J. C. 1996. The Australian REEFREP system: A coastal vessel traffic information service and ship reporting system for the Torres Strait region and the inner route of the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Navigation 49:299-308. | 1996 | Australia | Infrastructure; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Special Use Permitting | |
Richards, R. P., D. B. Baker, N. L. Creamer, J. W. Kramer, D. E. Ewing, B. J. Merryfield, and L. K. Wallrabenstein. 1996. Well water quality, well vulnerability, and agricultural contamination in the midwestern United States. Journal of Environmental Quality 25:389-402. | 1996 | India | GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Cultural Protections; Drinking Water Supply; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Swart, P. K., R. E. Dodge, and H. J. Hudson. 1996. A 240-year stable oxygen and carbon isotopic record in a coral from South Florida: implications for the prediction of precipitation in Southern Florida. Palaios 11:362-375. | 1996 | Florida | CO2 | |
Tosteson, J. L. and B. D. Marino. 1996. The Biosphere 2 Global Change Testbed world wide web server: closed system research and education using the Internet. Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space 2:193-197. | 1996 | Global | Lab Study | CO2; Internet & Telecommunications |
Brits, P. C., A. L. R. Carvalho, and J. T. Pressly. 1995. Evaluation of the effectiveness of bromochlorodimethylhydantoin as a disinfectant for mine underground service water. Pages 25-34 in Water Supply. | 1995 | South Africa | Drinking Water Supply; Microorganisms; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Pathogens; Water | |
Brown, K., R. K. Turner, H. Hameed, and I. Bateman. 1995. Tourism and sustainability in environmentally fragile areas: case studies from the Maldives and Nepal. Working Paper - Centre for Social & Economic Research on the Global Environment. | 1995 | Global; Maldives | Deforestation & Devegetation; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation | |
Chen, K. M. 1995. Disappearance of ALS from Guam: Implications for exogenous causes. Pages 1549-1553 in Clinical Neurology. | 1995 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Guam | Deforestation & Devegetation; Drinking Water Supply; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Military; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water | |
Chung, C., C. Y. Chen, Y. Y. Wei, and C. N. Hsu. 1995. Monitoring of environmental radiation on the Spratly Islets in the South China sea. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 194:291-296. | 1995 | China | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research |
Kangas, P., M. Shave, and P. Shave. 1995. Economics of an ecotouriasm in Belize. Environmental Management 19:669-673. | 1995 | South & Central America; Belize | Funding & Donations; Tourism & Recreation | |
Kopko, S., M. Seamans, J. E. Nemeth, and I. C. Watson. 1995. Desalting in Cape Coral, FL - An operating update. Desalination 102:245-253. | 1995 | Drinking Water Supply | ||
Pisano William, C., ST EV E Kiss, DA VI D Connelly, and TO M Giles. 1995. Holistic stormwater master planning for Cape Coral, Fl. Pages 137-140 in [No source information available]. | 1995 | Florida | Finfish Harvest; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water | |
Pollnac Richard, B. and W. McManus John. 1995. Human factors in a coral reef database. Pages 100-101 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1995 | Global | Index or Indicator | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Natural Gas & Electric Power |
Falkland, A. C. 1994. Management of freshwater lenses on small coral islands. Pages 417-422 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. | 1994 | Australia; Indian Ocean; India | Field Study & Monitoring | Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water |
Pitt, R. and R. Creel. 1994. Evaluating Detention Pond Performance with Computer Modeling Verification. | 1994 | Model | Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Wright Robert, R. 1994. Best of both worlds. Water Environment and Technology 6:40-44. | 1994 | Discharges; Irrigation; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Haider, T., R. Sommer, and G. Stanek. 1993. Microflora in external auditory canals of recreational scuba-divers and swimmers related to the tropical waterflora of a coral island. Water Science and Technology 27:187-193. | 1993 | Cuba | Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Tourism & Recreation; Water | |
Jones, G. B. 1993. Monitoring the effect of the floating hotel on the water quality of John Brewer Reef. Pages 261-267 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. | 1993 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Hotel & Food Services; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge |
Medeiros, C. and B. Kjerfve. 1993. Hydrology of a Tropical Estuarine System: Itamaraca, Brazil. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 36:495-515. | 1993 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Discharges; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Wetlands | |
Priced, A. R. G. 1993. The Gulf: Human impacts and management initiatives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:17-27. | 1993 | Global; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait | Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Robert Pitt and K. Dunkers. 1993. Lake Water Quality Improvements from Treatment of Stormwater Using the Flow Balancing Method, 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. Anaheim, CA. October 1993.; Detecting Water Quality Trends from Stormwater Discharge Reductions, Engineerin. in 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. | 1993 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Schroeter, S. C., J. D. Dixon, J. Kastendiek, R. O. Smith, and J. R. Bence. 1993. Detecting the ecological effects of environmental impacts: a case study of kelp forest invertebrates. Ecological Applications 3:331-350. | 1993 | Discharges; Octocoral; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Substrate | ||
Bacon, P. R. and G. P. Alleng. 1992. The management of Insular Caribbean mangroves in relation to site location and community type. Hydrobiologia 247:235-241. | 1992 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Antilles; Jamaica; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Caribbean | Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Dando, P. R. and M. Hovland. 1992. Environmental effects of submarine seeping natural gas. Continental Shelf Research 12:1197-1207. | 1992 | CO2; Microorganisms; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment | ||
El-Sadek, S. and B. Mabrouk. 1992. Tourism development and desalination systems: Comparative analysis of systems' suitability for coastal areas of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. Desalination 88:161-177. | 1992 | Egypt | Beaches & Nature Parks; Drinking Water Supply; Infrastructure; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Gersekowski, J. N. 1992. Sewage treatment on green island. Pages 175-179 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. | 1992 | Australia | Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge | |
Herberts, J. C., M. K. Fries, and A. B. Archer. 1992. Barbados keeps beaches clean and traffic flowing. WATER QUALITY INTERNATIONAL 2:26-27. | 1992 | Beaches & Nature Parks; Improved Technology; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Kuang-Lung, FA N. 1992. The thermal discharges from nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Chemistry & Ecology 6:213-224. | 1992 | Taiwan | Discharges; Fishing Sector; Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Navarra, L. 1992. The island of San Pietro [L'isola di S. Pietro]. Universo 72:64-75. | 1992 | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation; Water | ||
Ware, J. R., S. V. Smith, and M. L. Reaka-Kudla. 1992. Coral reefs: sources or sinks of atmospheric CO2? Coral Reefs 11:127-130. | 1992 | Global | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2 | |
Aharon, P. 1991. Recorders of reef environment histories: stable isotopes in corals, giant clams, and calcareous algae. Coral Reefs 10:71-90. | 1991 | Australia; Java | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Bunpapong, SI RI KU L and SO MP ON G Ausavajitanond. 1991. Saving what's left of tourism development at Patong beach, Phuket, Thailand. Pages 1685-1697 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1991 | Thailand | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies | |
Fan, K. L. 1991. The thermal effluent problems of three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Pages 393-403 Oceanography of Asian marginal seas. | 1991 | Taiwan | Discharges; Fishing Sector | |
Guzman, H. M., J. B. C. Jackson, and E. Weil. 1991. Short-term ecological consequences of a major oil spill on Panamanian subtidal reef corals. Coral Reefs 10:12-Jan. | 1991 | South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean | Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Solid Waste Disposal; Stony Coral | |
Oteri, A. U. 1991. Geophysical investigations of sea water intrusion into the Cainozoic aquifers of South Coast Kenya - a review. Journal of African Earth Sciences 13:221-227. | 1991 | Kenya | Review | Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water |
Rathnau Mary, M. 1991. Restoration for Arizona aquifers. Water Engineering and Management 138:20-22. | 1991 | Model | Agriculture; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Stroud, H. B. 1991. Water resources at Cape Coral, Florida. Problems created by poor planning and development. Land Use Policy 8:143-157. | 1991 | Florida | Drinking Water Supply; Water | |
Ehrhardt, M. G. 1990. Petroleum-derived dissolved organic compounds concentrated from inshore waters in Burmuda. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 138:35-47. | 1990 | Bermuda | ||
Gamser, M., H. Appleton, and N. Carter. 1990. Tinker, tiller, technical change: technologies from the people. Tinker, tiller, technical change: technologies from the people. | 1990 | Nicaragua; Venezuela; Kenya; Tanzania; India | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Building & Home Construction; Finfish Harvest; Housing |
Glenn, E. P. and M. S. Doty. 1990. Growth of the seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii, K. striatum and Eucheuma denticulatum as affected by environment in Hawaii. Aquaculture 84:245-255. | 1990 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines | Agriculture; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Kelleher, G. 1990. Floating hotels on the Great Barrier Reef. Pages 149-154 in Coastal ocean space utilization. Proc. international symposium, New York, 1989. | 1990 | Australia | Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies | |
Watts, JI M. 1990. Landmark engineering facility. Pipeline and Gas Journal 217. | 1990 | CO2; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines | ||
Kalajian Edward, K. 1989. SOAR (Stabilized Oil Ash Reef) performance: An ocean alternative to landfills. Pages 1102-1115 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1989 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Solid Waste Disposal; Substrate |
Meiorin, E.C. 1989. �Urban Runoff Treatment in a Fresh/Brackish Water Marsh in Fremont, California�, in: Hammer, D.A. (Ed.) Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, pp. 677-685. | 1989 | Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands | ||
Rigden, B. 1989. Water and wastewater treatment for a small island resort. Water Science and Technology 21:189-193. | 1989 | Hotel & Food Services; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Wells, S. and A. Edwards. 1989. Gone with the waves. New Scientist 124:1989. | 1989 | Global; Maldives | Shoreline Protection; Water | |
Buddemeier, R. W. and S. V. Smith. 1988. Coral reef growth in an era of rapidly rising sea level: predictions and suggestions for long-term research. Coral Reefs 7:51-56. | 1988 | Global | Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Knatz, GE RA LD IN E. 1987. Offsite Habitat Mitigation Banking: The Port Of Long Beach Experience. Pages 2530-2543 in [No source information available]. | 1987 | Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Solid Waste Disposal; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands | ||
Russell Gary, M., MA RK Stewart, and L. Higer Aaron. 1987. Examples Of Landfill-Generated Plumes In Low-Relief Areas, Southeast Florida. Water Resources Bulletin 23:863-866. | 1987 | Florida | Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Shen, G. T. and E. A. Boyle. 1987. Lead in corals: reconstruction of historical industrial fluxes to the surface ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 82:289-304. | 1987 | Global; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda; Mauritius; India; Fiji | Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Tang, K. C., M. T. Tsai, Y. R. Hwang, and H. H. Hwung. 1987. Studies On Thermal Diffusion And Verification Of The Third Nuclear Power Plant In Taiwan. Pages 2664-2679 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1987 | Taiwan | Field Study & Monitoring | Coastal Engineering |
Hwang, Jing-San. 1986. Water Problems On The Penghu Islands In Taiwan. Pages 1622-1629 in [No source information available]. | 1986 | Taiwan | Water | |
Slocum, DE AN, RI CH AR D Berlandy, and RO BE RT Wardwell. 1986. Facilities Planning In The Caribbean A Case Study. Pages 1351-1357 in [No source information available]. | 1986 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Improved Technology; Sea Turtles; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges | |
Adey, W. H. and R. S. Steneck. 1985. Highly productive eastern caribbean reefs: synergistic effects of biological, chemical, physical, and geological factors. Pages 163-187 | 1985 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Algae; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seawater Flow; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Anon,. 1985. Coal-Waste Artificial Reef Program. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS. | 1985 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Fish; Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Anon,. 1985. Proceedings Of The Seventh International Ash Utilization Symposium And Exposition. in United States Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center (Report) DOE/METC. | 1985 | Field Study & Monitoring | Coal Mining; Finfish Harvest; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Michaud David, T. and E. Sohns Lyle. 1985. Stabilized Flyash As Artificial Reef Construction Material. Pages 674-682 in United States Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center (Report) DOE/METC. | 1985 | Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Solid Waste Disposal | ||
Aldridge, B. N. and J. H. Eychaner. 1984. Floods Of October 1977 In Southern Arizona And March 1978 In Central Arizona. US Geological Survey Water Supply Paper. | 1984 | South & Central America; Mexico | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Castaing, P., O. Weber, and R. Assor. 1984. (Study of current systems in the Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin (Guadeloupe) at the beginning of the dry season). [Etude courantologique de grand cul-de-sac marin ( Guadeloupe) en debut de saison seche.]. Bulletin - Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 35:123-134. | 1984 | Water | ||
Hatch Randolph, T., KE NN ET H Workman, and R. Comeau Peter. 1984. Operating Results After Replacement Of Acid And Shmp With The Af 100 Antiscalant At The Cape Coral Municipal Ro Facility. in Technical Proceedings - Annual Conference and Trade Fair of the Water Supply Improvement Associati. | 1984 | Index or Indicator | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Water | |
Wilkie, A., M. Barry, P. J. Reynolds, N. O'Kelly, and E. Colleran. 1984. Anaerobic Filter Digestion Of Agricultural Wastes. Pages 306-314 in Solar Energy R&D in the European Community, Series E: Energy from Biomass. | 1984 | Europe | Agriculture; Wastewater Discharge | |
Aiba, MI ZU O. 1983. Irrigation Water Resources Development Project By Groundwater Storage Dam. Civil engineering in Japan 22:152-163. | 1983 | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Irrigation; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Coppes, JA N, AD OL F Lubbers, SO EP AN GA T Soemarto, and SU GI YO Yuwono. 1983. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE DREDGING AND RECLAMATION WORKS AT SOUTH BONTANG BAY, INDONESIA. Water Science and Technology 16:407-415. | 1983 | Indonesia | Lab Study | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power |
Falkland, A. C. 1983. Groundwater resource study of Christmas Island, Republic of Kiribati. in [No source information available]. | 1983 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Kiribati | Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
Roethel, F. J., I. A. Duedall, and P. M. J. Woodhead. 1983. Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program: Conscience Bay Studies. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS. | 1983 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Finn, D. P. 1982. Soil loss in developing countries and its relationship to marine resources: examples from East Africa. in [No source information available]. | 1982 | Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Kuberski, T., T. Flood, and T. Tera. 1979. Cholera in the Gilbert Islands. I. Epidemiological features. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28:677-684. | 1979 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Water | |
Crane, G., R. A. Elefritz, E. L. Kay, and J. R. Laman. 1978. Scrap tire disposal procedures. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 51:577-599. | 1978 | Review | Coal Mining; Fish; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Sevilla Benito, AN TO NI O. 1977. ACTIVITIES OF THE JEN - PRESENT PROGRAMMES AND OBJECTIVES. Nuclear Engineering International 22:52-57. | 1977 | |||
McGuire, W. J. 1975. Disposal Of Drilling Fluids And Drilled-Up Solids In Offshore Drilling Operations. Pages 523-531 in [No source information available]. | 1975 | Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Oil & Gas Industry; Solid Waste Disposal | ||
Rahaman, M. M., M. M. Khan, and K. M. S. Aziz. 1975. An outbreak of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 on a coral island in the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Infectious Diseases 132:15-19. | 1975 | Drinking Water Supply; Pathogens; Water Utilities Policies | ||
[No author name available]. 1974. First offshore runway grows 30,000 cu. yd. daily. ENR (Engineering News-Record) 193:1974. | 1974 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Shoreline Protection | |
Archer, A. A. 1974. Progress And Prospects Of Marine Mining. Mining Magazine 130:150-151. | 1974 | Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Toxics | ||
Crosby Leroy, G. 1974. Design Of An Interisland Barge Harbor For The Island Of Tau, American Samoa. Hydraulic Model Investigation. US Waterw Exp Stn Tech Rep H-74-16. | 1974 | Samoa; American Samoa | Model | Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal |
CROSBY, L. G. 1974. Design Of An Inter Island Barge Harbor For The Island Tau, American Samoa; Hydraulic Model Investigation. in [No source information available]. | 1974 | Samoa; American Samoa | Model | Irrigation; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes |
HUDDELL, H. D., J. C. WILLET, and G. MARCHAND. 1974. Nearshore Currents And Coral Reef Ecology Of The West Coast Of Guam, Mariana Islands. in [No source information available]. | 1974 | Guam | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Military; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies |
Nedwell, D. B. 1974. Sewage treatment and discharge into tropical coastal waters. Search 5:187-190. | 1974 | Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies | ||
Gundersen, K. and P. Bienfang. 1972. Thermal Pollution: Use Of Deep, Cold, Nutrient Rich Sea Water For Power Plant Cooling And Subsequent Aquaculture In Hawaii [Marine Pollution And Sea Life]. Pages 513-516 FISHING NEWS. | 1972 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Light; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges | |
STEVENS, RH, JE J DE VENNY JR, RF COOK, and DL NICKEL. 1970. Coral Springs Underground Distribution Laboratory-1. IEEE Trans Power App Syst 2:281-289. | 1970 | Lab Study | Utility Line Construction & Maintenance | |
Howe, E. D. and B. W. Tleimat. 1967. Solar distillers for use on coral islands. Desalination 2:109-115. | 1967 | Housing | ||
Jalal, K. F. Regional water resources situation: quantitative and qualitative aspects. in [No source information available]. | Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources | |||
Maar, M., K. Bolding, J. K. Petersen, J. L. S. Hansen, and K. Timmermann. Local effects of blue mussels around turbine foundations in an ecosystem model of Nysted off-shore wind farm, Denmark. Journal of Sea Research | Europe | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Artificial Habitat; Plankton | |
Terry, J. P. and K. Khatri. People, pigs and pollution - experiences with applying participatory learning and action (PLA) methodology to identify problems of pig-waste management at the village level in Fiji. Journal of Cleaner Production 0. | Fiji | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
Management Options
Management Option | Description | Sources | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Interagency Sharing of Information | This management option is designed to facilitate coordination among federal, state, and local agencies involved in management. Easier collaboration and sharing of information can often be facilitated by decision tools and information technology. There are several activities that can aid better interagency coordination of maritime heritage resources (MHR). | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Internet & Telecommunications; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Provide Policy Information to the Public | Communicate valid and emerging resource concerns to the general public. This can be accomplished through (#106), (#), or (#). | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications; Responses; Schools & Colleges; Scientific Research; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities |
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Pond Sealing | Waste treatment ponds and pits are useful methods of treatment, but premature seepage from these storage impoundments would also have negative impacts. Bentonite Liner Treatment, Compacted Clay Treatment, Flexible membrane, and Soil Dispersant Treatment are all options for sealing treatment impoundments, depending on the specific soil suitability and other criteria. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Waterspreading | This management option uses a system of dams, dikes, ditches, or other means of diverting or collecting runoff from natural channels, gullies, or streams and spreading it over relatively flat areas. Waterspreading differs from irrigation in that applications are timed by the availability of natural runoff flow rather than scheduled to meet plant needs. Waterspreading is most beneficial in areas with an average annual precipitation of 8 to 25 inches. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Resources |
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Composting | Composting involves the controlled aerobic decomposition of manure or other organic material by micro-organisms into a biologically stable organic material that is suitable for use as a soil supplement. Composting should be part of nutrient management plans because it reduces the pollution potential of organic wastes. Smaller scale household composting may reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream, where again it may have greater pollution potential. Larger volumes of material may require construction of containment facilities to ensure pollutants aren't able to enter runoff water in high concentrations. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Landscaping & Household Services; Littering; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Chemical Discharge Controls: Research impacts and alternatives | This plan involves researching the impacts of current spraying practices on sanctuary resources and indentifying alternative means of mosquito control. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water |
Chemical Discharge Controls: Integrated pest Management Modify mosquito control programs/regulations | The results of pesticide research program can be used to modify the existing mosquito control program as necessary. (312) | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water |
Corporate Response: Standardized Environmental Certifications and Labels | Product labeling initiatives are based on the premise that product information represented by or contained on the label is otherwise not readily available (or apparent) and is of value in consumer purchase decisions. For example, warning labels highlight product safety and toxic exposure hazards and advise consumers on ways to minimize risks. Likewise, a number of environmental certification programs (ECPs) identify products' environmental burdens and/or set standards for products' environmental attributes. Properly designed environmental labeling efforts can change consumer and manufacturer attitudes and behaviors, thus reducing environmental burdens. The specific metrics used to measure environmental label effectiveness include: 1) consumer awareness of labels, 2) consumer acceptance of labels (credibility and understanding), 3) changes in consumer behavior, 4) changes in manufacturer behavior, and 5) improvement of end goals, such as environmental quality. | Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Forestry; Health; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Birds; Medical Care; Medical Centers; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Resource Use Management; Toxics; Transportation; Utilities; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Coastal Construction & Development | This involves assessing coral, seagrass, and hard bottom substrate that is impacted during coastal construction repair or alternation. If unacceptable damages are occurring this information will be useful in future permit decision making. If infringements have occurred, this information may be useful for compensatory mitigation and liability for restoration of those natural resources injured. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Ports & Harbors; Reef Habitat; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Special Use Permitting; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Data Management & Decision Tools: Research and Model Causal Linkage Between Pollutants and Ecological Impact | This involves conducting research to identify and document causal linkages between discharge water pollutants and specific, quantifiable ecological problems. The natural environment naturally assimilates some pollutants, but has thresholds for this type of contaminant processing. Different hydrology, biology and spatial/temporal factors are all going to play a roll in the linkage between pollutants and ecological problems, meaning modeling and risk assessment can be beneficial. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Sewage Treatment; Stormwater Management; Sunscreen Use; Supporting Services; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop, and Implement New Technologies for Educational Resources | New technologies should be researched, developed, and adopted for sanctuary educational materials. They should be evaluated before they are adopted. Sanctuaries must make their educational materials available through technologies that the public is currently using. For example, mobile applications could allow visitors to access relevant information while recreating, where older technologies such as websites would be more difficult to access. Such technologies can also be used as decision tools for the public, tracking their use of reef resources to show the user what impact their total activities may have and opportunities to improve that. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop and Maintain Sanctuary Website | Marine sanctuary areas can create a website as an educational tool, providing information regarding new issues, educational resources, volunteer opportunities, and current initiatives such as research, restoration projects, or policy changes. If a website is already in use, it should be maintained and updated with new information, resources, and technologies to enhance effectiveness and visitation. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications |
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing | The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies |
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration | Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. | Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal |
Discharge Controls: Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards | Effluent Toxicity is considered the aggregate toxic effect to aquatic organisms from all pollutants contained in a facility's wastewater (effluent). It is one part of the Water Quality Standards (#22) that prohibits the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts. Numerical criteria can be adopted from the Clean Water Act of based on scientifically-defensible methods. In addition to setting this numerical criteria, enforcement of the standards requires inspection programs and monitoring. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. |
Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Improved Technology; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Dissemination of Findings: Develop an Information Exchange Network | This management option involves developing a compendium of current and ongoing research that should be updated on a regular basis. This is important as it allows for collaborators to share information and resources. This type of exchange helps to maximize gains in economies of scale and reduce duplication of efforts. Decision tools such as inventories and databases can often be adapted for this use. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Scientific Research |
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives | Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). | Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA. |
Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Construction Regulations | The Minerals Management Service (MMS) has several requirements for leasing and permits for construction of new drilling rigs and platforms. Placement is very important so as to not interfere with other uses or the environment. These permits also cover exploratory structures for research and test sites. | Minerals Management Service. 2006. Leasing Oil and Natural Gas Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior. |
Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Maintenance and Use Regulations | There are regulated procedures and documentation required during production operations to prevent major incidents that may harm workers or the environment. A major part of incident prevention is inspection and maintenance. | Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies | |
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Offshore Wind and Hydrokinetic Alternative Energies | Policies encouraging or authorizing construction of offshore facilities are evolving, and there are many sides to the issue of how to best manage them. Alternative energies are desirable and would reduce the dependence on fossil fuel resources. However, hydrokinetic technologies are just becoming viable, meaning long term impacts are still unknown. Facilitative policies reduce barriers for alternative energy development or increase barriers or costs for incumbent technologies. These include research and innovation policies, technology improvement subsidies, market based policies that internalize externalities, and regulatory changes that simplify the permitting process. | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy. Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105. |
Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Seawater Flow; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Pipeline Maintenance Requirements | The best way to ensure a high level of safety and reliability in operation of pipelines is to have a maintenance and inspection plan in place that targets damage, degradation or defects before they lead to failures. Economically, expenditures for maintenance and inspection are significantly less than those for emergency service in reaction to unforeseen situations. However, legislative requirements for plans, procedures and documentation ensures compliance with these best management practices. | Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Pipeline Maintenance Best Practices: Lessons Learned from the Natural Gas STAR Program. Charlotte (North Carolina). United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators� Association. 2006. UKOPA Recommendations for Pipeline Maintenance and Inspection. UKOPA/06/0032, |
Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Cable and Pipeline Construction Assessments | Pre-assessments must be conducted to ensure pipelines and cables buried on the ocean floor will not disrupt or destroy natural or cultural resources. | Reach Networks Hong Kong Ltd. 2007. Project Profile: Asia-America Gateway (AAG) Cable Network, South Lantau. Wanchai, Hong Kong SAR. |
Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Utilities; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig End of Life | As oil production at a given offshore site decreases it becomes necessary to decommission the rigs that were drilling them. It is very expensive to dismantle and transport the rigs back to shore. One such well know case was Shell's Brent Spar 1995. Regulations on the end of life for oil rigs differ by country and even state within the US. The Minerals Management Service has a Rigs-to-Reefs program which supports and encourages the reuse of oil and gas structures for offshore artificial reef developments. If these structures are to be sunk as artificial reefs the normal permit requirements for artificial reefs still apply to ensure the structure will not interfere with navigation channels or degrade the environment. | Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference. |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources |
Monitor & Research: Research Historical Hydrology | This activity involves a historical assessment of the hydrology of the surrounding water area around the sanctuary as it has affected water quality and biological communities within the sanctuary. It will clarify the role of freshwater inflows and water quality from local freshwater bodies. Also, this activity will examine the effects of structural modification and changes in quality, quantity, timing and distribution of freshwater releases from existing structures and will examine land-based practices affecting the water quality of runoff. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Dredging Regulations | Dredging is oftentimes prohibited with certain exceptions. Dredging regulation often falls under other controls over the alteration of the seabed, discharging or depositing materials. At times dredging is necessary for navigation or other activities, necessitating .permitting mechanisms for allowing otherwise prohibited activities. Revising the regulations to help eliminate negative dredge-and-fill activities within a certain distance of corals would be beneficial because it would help promote the reestablishment of sensitive benthic communities. Reservoirs may require periodic dredging to remove sediment that may have collected. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sand & Rock Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Transportation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Transportation |
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Artificial Reef Regulations | Discharge/depositing of materials and constructions on the seabed are both prohibited without permits, regulating the construction of new artificial reefs. Likewise, existing artificial reefs are protected through permit requirements for any alternation of the seabed. There are still further considerations for protecting artificial reefs. Artificial reef materials and construction choices are very important and may change based on the specific location and desired impacts. An artificial reef to attract recreational fishing differs from one for recreational divers or shoreline storm protection. Many artificial reefs were formally large ships, oil rigs or other types of waste that have been decommissioned and would be too large and expensive to dismantle on land. In these cases it is important to put restrictions on the sinking process to ensure there won�t be any type of chemical leakage and that the structure is stable on the seabed. (#189) (#190) | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Solid Waste Disposal; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waterborne Discharges |
Resource Use Management: Develop Water Efficiency Initiatives | Reducing water use through cost effective water efficiency improvements can be beneficial as it reduces pressure on water as a finite resource and saves money. There are several ways water efficiency can be promoted. Some Water Efficiency BMPs recommended by the EPA include: Water Management Planning; Information and Education Programs; Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection and Repair; Water-Efficient Landscaping, Water-Efficient Irrigation; Toilets and Urinals; Faucets and Showerheads; Boiler/Steam Systems; Single-Pass Cooling Equipment; Cooling Tower Management; Commercial Kitchen Equipment; Laboratory/ Medical Equipment; Other Water Intensive Processes; Alternative Water Sources. One of the ways the US government has promoted Water Efficiency Initiatives is through Executive order 13123 which places certain water use reduction requirements on Federal Agencies. There are also existing funding and incentives for non-government sectors. Project funding comes in many forms, such as appropriations, energy savings performance contract (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contract (UESCs) programs; ratepayer incentive programs such as rebates from public benefit funds or utilities; and the retention of energy and water cost savings. | US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Water Efficiency Best Management Practices. Federal Energy Management Program Accessed 7/12/2011. |
Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Designated Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Textiles & Apparel; Utilities; Utility Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Resource Use Management: Marine Heritage Resource Protections | This management option involves protecting underwater items/sites that have historical, cultural, archaeological, or paleontological significance. This response advocates permits for action that may degrade the resource. This can be accomplished through creating an MHR field unit, monitoring MHR site degradation, and evaluating excavation and mitigation techniques. Field units can help conduct field research and coordinated, permitted research activities. Experts relating to archaeological research underwater can also be hired with additional funding. Through evaluation of excavation techniques, new technologies can be suggested such as: turbidity screens, sediment removal equipment, and seagrass restoration/relocation protocols to lead to less disturbance. Inventory and decision tools can also be used in the aid of Maritime Heritage Resource protection. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mitigation; Physical Damage; Pipelines; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Valuation; Wetlands |
Restoration: Environmental Remediation | Environmental Remediation is a type of restoration that's focus ranges from Brownfields to Oil Spills to Hazardous Waste Sites. These restoration activities aim to restore the site to a previous condition, or to a condition that is not a threat to human health or other forms of life. Several standards can be used to determine when remediation is necessary and to what extent the environment should be restores. Biocriteria can be used to determine the degree of degradation to biological components of the site. Often it is the presence of a particular pollutant in the soil, water or air, which is above acceptable limits and will not degrade fast enough over a short period of time and therefore must be removed. Physical and chemical water quality criteria can be used to set maximum acceptable limits of water quality parameters. Air quality criteria can be used to set acceptable maximum and minimum air standards for remediation. | Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. Environment Protection Authority. EPA Guidelines for Environmental management of on-site remediation. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, Australia. |
Applied Chemicals; Biocriteria; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Health; Health Policies; Landuse Management; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Military; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Valuation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Restoration: Work with public outreach coordinator to inform the public about habitat restoration activities | This response involves restoration teams providing information, photos, and videos to be used in press release, TV and radio, and magazine articles to inform the public about restoration projects for corals. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Filtration | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementing engineering techniques that allow natural processes and plants to act as filters. Such techniques would include using grass parking and turf covered swales. Many of these techniques, such as reversed elevations for planted areas in parking lots, can demonstrate benefits both as natural filters and for the vegetation that are used since it eliminates the need to water them with irrigation systems. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Basic Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bioretention System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Constructed Wetland. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Filter Strips. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Reversed Elevations System for Parking Lots and Planting Areas. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Riparian Forest Buffer. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Roadway Landscape Treatment System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Pond Design. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008]. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. |
Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Retention/Detention | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of natural structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. These structures are typically characterized as retention ponds and incorporate natural vegetation such as grass. These ponds may be dry, or may drain into nearby wetlands. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Sustained Reservoir Minimum Release of Minimum Baseflow to Sustain Aquatic Habitat | In some regions, even high intensity rivers (e.g. Rio Loco, Puerto Rico) are seasonal, drying for long enough to kill aquatic vegetation. Creating a constant baseflow would help sustain aquatic life and ultimately help to process nutrients. High intensity rivers are already prone to extreme channel erosion from the high flow rates, this erosion is even greater without any benthic biota to hold sediment on the river bottom. Restricting the release of reservoir water to that required to maintain aquatic biota would reduce the intensity of flow, stabilize the river bottom, create habitat and naturally process nutrients that could potentially contribute to eutrophication out on the coral reef. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Algae; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Retention/Detention | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. Water collection can be selective, targeting the first flush of water, which is typically the most polluted. Water retention has the additional benefit of later release at a place and time when the water is needed (e.g. for irrigation). Rainwater Collection Systems (#11) can be an important water resource in areas where freshwater is limited. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Detention Devices for Dry/Wet Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Water and Sediment Control Basin. CODE 638. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Volume Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Infiltration | This management option attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that control the volume of surface water, facilitating faster absorption of the stormwater into the ground. Often these structures are able to infiltrate larger amounts of water faster while reducing exposure to surface sediments and pollutants. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. US EPA. EPA Infiltration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Filtration | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that trap or filter impurities out of runoff water. These include but are not limited to, using swales, filter strips, oil/water separators, oil/grit separators, and sand filters. Often structural retrofitting is coupled with biological filters/controls to direct water as desired and to fully reap the benefits of both systems. Structural filters are often incorporated into retention/detention and infiltration systems as well. One disadvantage of structural filters is that they are often higher maintenance as sand and chambers fill and clog with pollutants over time. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Compost Filter System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Median Strip Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montgomery County Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Off-Line Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Oil/Water Separators. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Organic Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Peat Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Perimeter Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pocket Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rockville Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Sediment Basin (Water Quality Enhancement). Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Side-by-Side Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Trench with Oil/Grit Chamber. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Under-the-Swale Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Quality Volume (WQV) Storage Tank. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008]. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. US EPA. EPA Filtration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Manufactured Products for Stormwater Inlets. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Alum Injection. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Rainwater Collection Systems | Creating a rainwater collection system (either through policy change or the initiative of homeowners) would help in many ways. These systems would utilize water in an efficient manner. It would reduce the pressure of water as a finite resource. Water would be collected and utilized before it reaches the ground. Once rain falls to the ground, it picks up nutrients, chemicals, and pathogens on the ground and transports them in the form of runoff. Eventually this contaminated stormwater runoff enters water resources through the drainage basin. Collecting a considerable amount of water would prevent contamination of that water, and allow for it to be usable. Also, it would reduce the amount of water that is lost when it is contaminated as runoff. An overall reduced amount of stormwater runoff would reduce the amount of contaminants that would harm corals. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cisterns used for water harvesting. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. |
Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shelter; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Stormwater Pollution Reduction Through Instituting Preventitive Best Management Practices | This method focuses on reducing the amount of harmful contaminants in stormwater runoff by establishing Best Management Practices that prevent the generation of the pollutant to begin with. These BMPs include educational programs, infrastructure improvements and agricultural BMPs. Examples of educational programs would be programs that educate the public on the importance of, and how to avoid depositing hazardous wastes, such as oil, into storm drains, or how to use landscape management controls to limit the chemical and debris that from enter stormwater runoff from their personal lawns. Infrastructure improvement could include the use of alternative turnarounds and street cleaning. Agricultural practices such as roofs and covers for pesticides and equipment, or use of bedding are both preventative stormwater practices. Some additional specific practices include: controlling fertilizer application, properly using and disposing of fertilizers, pesticides, motor oil, and other harmful chemicals, debris removal, exposure reduction, minimization of pollutants, parking lot cleaning, stormwater catch basin insert, eliminate curbs and gutters, green parking, green roofs, street design and patterns, bedding. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. US EPA. Alternative Turnarounds. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Eliminate Curbs and Gutters. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Green Parking. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Street Design and Patterns. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011. Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices. |
Agriculture; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Housing; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Mining; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Industry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Wastewater Pollutants Impacts: Wastewater Pollutant Monitoring and Impact Studies | Potential approaches to this management option include experimental studies, eutrophication gradient studies, comparative studies of impacted and non-impacted sites, historical studies, geography comparison, use of biochemical and ecological indicators, use of sewage tracers, and high-frequency and spatially intensive water quality sampling. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Water Quality Management: Reduce Pollution & Discharges from Marinas & Live-Aboards | This management option strives to reduce and eliminate the discharge of wastewater and pollution within zones near corals. In many instances, "no-discharge" zones already exist and are simply poorly enforced. In other instances the discharge limits are not stringent enough. Successful regulation requires marinas to be equipped with the proper infrastructure to support transfer of wastewater from vessels to shore-side for treatment. This infrastructure includes: pump-out facilities and mobile pump-out services. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Addition; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Cyanobacteria; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Health; Health Policies; Marine Debris; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges |
Water Quality Management: Wastewater Management System Standards | This management option involves reducing the amount of pollutants entering groundwater by enforcing existing standards. Inspection and compliance programs for cesspits, Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) and septic tanks are necessary to do this. Municipal sewage treatment plants have a variety of means to meet these standards, including improving management of current treatment systems or upgrading treatment systems with newer technology. Some of these technologies include: Continuous-Flow, Suspended-Growth Aerobic Systems (CFSGAS), Fixed-film, Sequencing batch reactor systems, Stabilization ponds, FWS constructed wetlands, and other aquatic systems (#2), Enhanced nutrient removal: phosphorus & nitrogen, Recirculating sand/media filters and Land treatment systems. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Center for Watershed Protection. 2004. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination. US EPA. US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA. |
Chemical Variables; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges |
Water Quality Management: Pet Waste Cleanup Ordinance & Education | In residential areas, pet waste can contributes to the large amount of nutrients and pathogens that enter the water through stormwater runoff. This is especially useful in regions such as Gu�nica, Puerto Rico where there are a lot of stray dogs. Education for pet-owners and possible ordinance would help decrease harmful pathogens reaching corals through stormwater runoff and reduce eutrophication. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Animal Waste Collection. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011. Clary, J., Leisenring, M., and Jeray, J. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Pollutant Category Summary: Fecal Indicator Bacteria. Wright Water Engineers. |
Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Cyanobacteria; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Domestic Animal Waste; Environmental Education & Outreach; Health; Health Policies; Invasive Species; Landscaping & Household Services; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Stormwater Management; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Water Quality Management: Treating Effluent Water Through Wetlands | Additional treatment of sewage is often a necessary management option because secondary treatment alone leaves 20,000 times more nutrients in the water than the safe limit for corals. High concentrations of nutrients in the water leads to eutrophication, and coral reefs are more sensitive to nutrient enrichment than any other coastal system. Wetlands are extremely successful at reducing nitrogen levels in water. Using natural wetlands or "living machines" to perform this task can actually be more cost effective than further sewage treatment. Each successive wetland treatment cell of the series can provide incredible levels of denitrification, and thus protect corals from nutrient enrichment. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. |
Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Water Quality Management: Landfill & Solid Waste Disposal Site Assessment Strategy | This option seeks to reduce/eliminate pollution from leaching at landfill sites. High risk, old landfill sites that may have hazardous waste must be identified. Once identified, monitoring at these landfills should be intensified to insure leaching does not occur into marine systems. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Littering; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
Water Quality Management: Protection of Resources from Hazardous Materials & Spills | Wherever possible, take actions to decrease the likelihood of hazardous materials spills near corals. Even when risks are reduced significantly, spills may still occur, necessitating contingency plans (#56). In order for reef managers to stay informed of the latest spills/updates, a spill-reporting system should be established along with a geo-referenced database that keeps track of all spills within a certain distance of reefs. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands. USCG. 2007. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Florida Keys. |
Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Water Quality Plans: Resource Monitoring of Surface Discharges | This strategy will identify the impacts of point-source discharges by requiring all National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System dischargers to develop monitoring programs. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Water Quality Plans: Reducing Pollution Discharges from Marinas and Live-Aboards | This plan strives to reduced pollution discharges through more strictly enforcing already-existing regulations for discharging. This includes enforcing regulations that restrict boaters from releasing sewage into state waters and requiring connecting toilets to shore-side plumbing. Also, this entails enforcing "no-discharge" zones where live-aboard vessels congregate or where there is history of violation issues with sewage release. The third component to this plan would be to develop and education plan to educate boaters on how/why to reduce pollution from their vessels. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. US EPA. 2011. Vessel General Permit Fact Sheet. 2005. Brightwork: Best Management Practices Manual for Maine's Boatyards and Marinas. |
Biological Addition; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Health; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Sewage Treatment; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Stream Bank Riparian Plantings | Planting native vegetation and trees in riparian zones helps to reduce erosion within channels. Such vegetation helps anchor the soil and sediment in place. Planting in riparian zones goes in hand with Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure (#274). This management option can be exercised in streams, canals used for boat passage, stormwater drainage ditches, or in agricultural irrigation channels. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Carbon Storage & Cycling; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Sediment; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Utilities; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Starting slower releases for longer durations from high-intensity rivers in coastal watershed and other methods of reducing sediment transport | Slower releases with longer durations would be an advantage to short, intense releases. This is because current short, high intensity releases from rivers that are in the coastal watershed (like Rio Loco into Lagos Loco and Lucchetti) contributes to additional channel erosion and increase of suspending sediments in the water. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Light; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Manage Canal Water Quality | This management option addresses water quality issues that may arise from nearshore, confined areas, specifically dead-end canals. This management response does not focus on wastewater discharges into canals, but instead on the hydrologic structure and orientation of the canal itself. Physical problems with canal orientation can lead to such problems as low flushing and build-up of weed wrack. This is a problem because the build-up of weed wrack consumes oxygen and releases nutrients as it decays. When combined with low flushing and circulation, dead end canals have decreased oxygen concentrations, accelerated eutrophication, and accumulate organic materials, pollutants and sediment. To improve the current canal system, management can inventory and map canals to identify high risk hotspots and candidates for future canal restoration projects. Canals are typically constructed to best suit the water access needs of local homes and businesses. Preventing high risk canals from being constructed, or placing certain requirements on their construction through permitting is one way to reduce future problem spots. Some design strategies include: Construct non-linear canals without right-angles and flared inlets oriented to prevailing winds. Instead of dead-ends, canals should include a flow through water exchange system or install mechanical pumps. Canals should be as wide as possible in relation to depth and length. Canal depth should be uniform or progressively shallower away from the parent waterbody, with sloping banks (eliminate requirements for navigable depths to shoreline). Some canal improvement strategies include: Implement weed gates, air curtains, and aeration systems. Direct all stormwater and effluent away from canal systems. Reduce bulkheading and restore native vegetative buffers (#1). Promote diversity of substrates and habitats. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Waterway Management: Waterway Management/Marking Plan | Proper waterway markings provide coherent guidance for boats. Clearly-marked waterway exits and entrances reduce the probability of damage to reefs from boat gear damage, boat movement, trampling, and ballast discharge. Waterway marking can be achieved through surveying damage from propeller scarring and vessel groundings, enhancing channel marking aids, assessing the effectiveness of channel marking, and through removing waterway obstructions. "Hotspots" where many incidents have been reported should be considered for further marking, especially those that are in high use areas. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Trampling; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Transportation |
Waterway Management: Boat Access Plan | An optimal boat access strategy involves conducting a survey of all public and private boat access points throughout the area. Once entry and exit sites are identified, channel markings can be placed accordingly. An effective strategy must also consider boat access needs, location, and intensity of use. This will help to efficiently mark the waterways so that there can be a reduction in damage to reefs, seagrasses and wetlands. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Transportation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation |
Waterway Management: Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure | Canal and irrigation infrastructure typically includes concrete structures to control the flow of water. These low head dams, bulkheads, concrete footers, and other structures act as constricting forces in channels. This constriction leads to debris becoming lodged and thus changing the erosive forces. In turn, banks become destabilized. Channel erosion then increases along with bed scour and sediment transport. Removing these structures and making banks more gradual has the added benefit of allowing for riparian vegetation to be planted, which acts as a natural buffer. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Control River Volume Using Dams and Resevoirs | Constructing dams and creating reservoirs can have many affects, both positive and negative. Like smaller scale structural stormwater retention (#263), this management option retains groundwater for later controlled release. On this scale, the creation of a reservoir may require flooding of an area behind the dam that had other uses (e.g. agriculture). Proper vegetation can be used in and around the reservoir to incorporate biological filtration (#261). Slowing the release of water into rivers reduces the intensity of flow, reducing channel erosion. However, water should still be released consistently to allow for aquatic habitat to be maintained on the river bottom (#8). Lastly, with the correct infrastructure, a dam can be used as a sustainable hydroelectric energy source. | Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC. |
Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Laws
Legal Citation | Purpose of Law | Management Organization | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Administrative fines for damaging State Lands of products thereof, 18-14 Florida Administrative Code. | 18-14.003 Violations.
It shall be a violation of this rule for any person or the agent of any person to knowingly refuse to comply with any provision of
Chapter 253, F.S., willfully violate any provision of Chapter 253, F.S., or to willfully damage state land (the ownership or
boundaries of which have been established by the state) or products thereof, by doing any of the following:
(1) Fill, excavate, or dredge, including prop dredging in a manner which produces a defined channel, on state land without the
lease, license, easement or other form of consent required by the Board.
(2) Remove, in violation of state or federal law, any product from state land without written approval or specific exemption
from the Board or Department.
(3) Discharge contaminants, wastes, effluents, sewage or any other pollutant as defined in Chapter 376 or Chapter 403, F.S.,
on, under or over state land; when such discharge is in violation of Chapter 403 or conditions of a permit issued pursuant to that
chapter, or conditions of a lease or easement issued pursuant to Chapter 253, F.S.
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(4) Maintain, place or build permanent or temporary structures, including, but not limited to, additions to existing structures;
all structures whose use is not water-dependent; sanitary septic systems; fences, docks and pilings; houses; oil rigs; and utility
installations on or over state land without consent or authority from the Board or Department.
(5) Place garbage, refuse, or debris on or over state land without approval by the Board or Department.
(6) Any other willful act that causes damage to state land, or products thereof, when such activity occurs without the required
approval by the Board or Department. Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling and limiting excavation and dredging, as well as discharge of contaminants, wastes, sewage, and other pollutants will assist in keeping sediment and pollutants from reaching the coral reefs and causing degradation of reef organisms.. Legislative Actions: Comments:Administrative Fines for Damaging State Lands or Products Thereof |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Substrate; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Air Pollution Control, 62-204 Florida Administrative Code (1996). | 62-204.100 Purpose and Scope.
(1) This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods.
(2) In addition, this chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have been adopted; further designates certain attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as air quality maintenance areas for particular pollutants; classifies all areas of the state as Class I, Class II, or Class III for determining which set of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments apply; and designates all attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as one or more PSD areas for determining which pollutant-specific PSD baseline dates apply. This chapter also sets forth procedures for redesignating and reclassifying areas as above.
(3) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to identify the Florida State Implementation Plan (SIP) required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51; to set forth the public notice and hearing requirements that the Department will adhere to for making SIP revisions; and to set forth the definitions, criteria, and procedures that the Department will use to review a federal agency�s general conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; and to adopt by reference an interagency memorandum of agreement that the Department will comply with to review any transportation conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart T. The provisions to 40 C.F.R. 51.853 require that a federal agency make a general conformity determination for any federal agency action in a nonattainment or maintenance area, to ensure that such action is consistent with the SIP and that such federal conformity determination be reviewed by the affected state. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. 51.394 require that a transportation conformity determination be made for the adoption, acceptance, approval, or support of certain transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, and transportation projects in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants to ensure that such actions are consistent with the SIP.
(4) Finally, this chapter adopts and incorporates by reference federal air pollution control regulations which are referenced in whole or in part throughout the Department�s air pollution control rules. Application to Coral Reefs:By reducing emmissions to air, particularly carbon dioxide, the pH of ocean waters will not be reduced and that is a direct benefit to coral reefs, since a reduction in pH is believed to be detrimental to corals. Legislative Actions:The Chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassified with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have benn adopted. Comments:This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, 18-18 Florida Administrative Code. | 18-18.001 Intent.
(1) The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, the boundaries of which are fully described in Rule 18-18.002, F.A.C., was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.
(2) These rules shall apply to all lands public and private within the boundaries of the preserve. However, privately owned uplands shall be excluded from these rules except as otherwise provided for herein.
(3) In promulgating and implementing these rules, it is the intent of the Department to construe the provisions of Sections 258.397 and 258.35 through 258.46, F.S., together and to apply the more stringent statutory provisions for the maintenance of the preserve.
(4) The preserve shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals:
(a) To preserve, protect, and enhance Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserve through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program;
(b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserve so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating and fishing;
(c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the legislature in creating the preserve;
(d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the Act and these rules, to assist in managing the preserve;
(e) To encourage activities that protect or enhance the biological and aesthetic values of the preserve, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions towards their natural condition, when reviewing applications or developing and implementing management plans for the preserve;
(f) To preserve and promote indigenous life forms and habitats including but not limited to sponges, soft corals, hard corals, seagrasses, mangroves, mud flats, marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, marine mammals, tropical marine invertebrates, birds and shellfish;
(g) To acquire additional title interests in land wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological or aesthetic values of the preserve. Application to Coral Reefs:Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve protection of water quality will contribute to a lowering of contaminants leaving the preserve on tides and thus limiting the contaminants that reach off-shore ecosystems including the FKNMS and the reef system within the sanctuary. Legislative Actions: Comments:This chapter establishes the rules to protect the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, which was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: Designated Marine Areas |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Chapter 7: Water pollution control, 12 Virgin Islands Code. | In coordination with EPA through Section 401 of the Clean Water Act, establishes controls for the discharge of wastewater and other pollutants to waters of the USVI, sets water quality standards. The Commissioner sets water quality standards applicable to he United States Virgin Islands to protect the public health and welfare and the present and future usa of such waters for public water supplies, propagation of fish, aquatic life and wildlife , recreational purposes and other legitamate uses. The standards are to be reviewed every three years. Application to Coral Reefs:Water of polluted quality is detrimental to propagation and survival of coral reef organisms. Setting appropriate water quality standards will play a major role in protecting coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Commissioner or any USVI resident can commence a civil action. Civil penalties for violators are not to exceed $50,000 per day. Any knowingly or negligently discharging polluants can be crimimnally punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more than $75,000 per day of violation. A second conviction can be punishable up to a fine of $100,000, six years in jail, or both. Comments: |
US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US Virgin Islands |
Biocriteria; Discharges; Health Policies; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies |
Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code §§ 7400 et seq. | To ensure Americans have clean air to breath, and to protect the environment from air pollution. Regulates air emmissions from area, stationary and mobile sources. Charges federal land managers with direct responsibility to protect the "air quality and related values" of land under their control. The "related values" include fish and widlife and their habitats. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibility for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer. Application to Coral Reefs:The Act would decrease carbon dioxide emissions from sources in the United States, thereby making a contribution toward reducing ocean acidification, which is one of the problems contributing to coral reef decline. Legislative Actions:Response will differ from State to State because many Sates have been delegated to administer the Clean Air Act. However, States cannot have air quality standards less stringent then the federal standards. State air pollution agencies hold permit hearings and fines industries that violate air quality limits. States must develop state implementation plans that require approval by EPA. Comments:The 1990 amendments authorized the Acid Deposition Control Program, a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, established permit program requirements, expanded and modified the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and expanded and modified enforcement authority. |
United States Environmntal Protection Agency Jurisdiction: United States |
Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Transportation Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Clean Water Act of 1974, 33 United States Code § 1252. | To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters Application to Coral Reefs:The Act can be used to establish water quality standards for the disharge of pollutants into surface waters. Section 101 (3) stated that it will be the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts will be prohibited. The legislation employs a variety of regulatory and nonregulatory tools to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. The tools are employed to achieve the broad goal of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters so they can support "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water." Legislative Actions:During the late 1980's, the program shifted from program-by-program, source by source, pollutant-by-pollutant approach to more holistic water-shed strategies. Under the watershed approach equal emphasis is placed on protecting healthy waters and restoring impaired waters. Also during the 1980's, voluntary programs for nonpoint runoff and regulatory programs for wet weather point sources began to be addressed. Comments:The Federal Water Pollution Contrl Act Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500, replaced the previous language of the Act entirely, including the Water Quality Act of 1965, the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, all of which had been amendments of the Water Pollution Control Act first passed in 1956. The 1977 amendments, PL 95-217, further amended PL 92-500. |
US Environmental Protection Agency Jurisdiction: United States; US Territories |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Drinking Water Supply; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, 16 United States Code § 6401 (2000). | To preserve, sustain, and restore the condition of coral reef ecosystems, to promote the wise management and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems, to benefit local communities and the Nation, to develop sound scientific information on the condition of coral reef ecosystems and threats to the ecosystems, to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by supporting and financing conservation programs including local and non-governmental programs, establish a formal mechanism for collecting and allocating monetary donations from the private sector to be used for coral reef conservation projects Application to Coral Reefs:Allowed the development of programs and projects, and provided financing for developing sound scientific data to preserve and restore coral reefs. Continued the Coral Reef Task Force and Coral Reef Initiative started under Executive Order 13089 (1998). Legislative Actions:Provided funding for matching grants, encouraged education and outreach, encouaged cooperative conservation and management through partnerships with other federal, state, regional and local partners including citizen groups. Comments:The Act is administrative, not regulatory. It established four major programs; (1) The National Coral Reef Action Strategy established goals for research, monitoring and conservation, (2, 3) The Coral Reef Conservation Program and Coral Reef Conservation Fund provided financial assistance for coral reef projects, (4) the National Program facilitated cooperative work between federal, state and regional efforts that work to improve coral reef ecosystems. The National Program also enhanced the public awareness of coral reefs through educational programs. The Act incorporated Executive Order 13,089 and provided coordinated funding activities through twelve federal agencies and seven states. |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jurisdiction: United States; US Coral Reefs |
Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corporate Responses; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Public Administration; Remediation; Utilities |
Delineation of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters, 62-340 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2000). | The Rule's intent is to provide a unified statewide methodology for the delineation of the extent of wetlands to satisfy the mandate of Section 373.421, F. S. Application to Coral Reefs:Preservation of wetlands will allow them to continue to function as buffers for sediment and contaminant control keeping them from reaching estuarine and marine waters and eventually habitats including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative and methodological for delineation purposes. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Drinking Water Supply; Energy Policy & Development; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands |
Domestic Wastewater Facilities, 62-600 Florida Administrative Code. | (1) Section 403.021(2), Florida Statutes, as amended, the Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act, established that no
wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessary to protect the
beneficial uses of such water. Toward this end, Sections 403.085 and 403.086, Florida Statutes, set forth requirements for the
treatment and reuse or disposal of domestic wastewater. Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, requires that any Department
planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be
developed as a rule. This chapter is promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of Sections 120.53(1), 120.55,
403.021, 403.051, 403.061, 403.062, 403.064, 403.085, 403.086, 403.087, 403.088, 403.0881, 403.101, 403.131, 403.161,
403.182, 403.859, and 403.918, Florida Statutes, concerning domestic wastewater facilities.
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(2) The requirements of this chapter represent the specific requirements of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection
and of Local Pollution Control Programs approved and established pursuant to Section 403.182, Florida Statutes, where such
authority has been delegated to those programs. It may be necessary for domestic wastewater facilities to conform with
requirements of other agencies, established via interagency agreements (e.g., for mosquito control); the absence of reference to
such arrangements in this chapter does not negate the need for compliance with those requirements.
(3) The purpose of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., is to provide minimum standards for the design of domestic wastewater facilities
and to establish minimum treatment and disinfection requirements for the operation of domestic wastewater facilities. All systems
shall be designed in accordance with sound engineering practice. Supported by moderating provisions, it is intended that Chapter
62-600, F.A.C., establish a framework whereby design flexibility and sound engineering practice can be used in developing
systems with which to manage domestic wastewater in an environmentally sound manner.
(4) As appropriate, Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., shall be used in conjunction with other Department rules relating to the design and
operation and maintenance of domestic wastewater facilities.
(5) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities
(including residuals management facilities).
(a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and modifications or expansions of existing facilities that
submit complete permit applications to the Department after July 1, 1991.
(b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit complete applications for permit renewal after
July 1, 1991.
(6) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications on or before July 1, 1991, may:
(a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the time the permit was issued and with the conditions
of the existing construction or operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or
(b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter.
(7) The standards and requirements of Part II of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., and Rules 62-600.500 and 62-600.530, F.A.C., shall
be applicable to septic tank drainfield systems and other on-site waste treatment systems with subsurface disposal regulated by this
chapter. The reliability requirements of paragraph 62-600.400(1)(b), F.A.C., shall not apply to such septic tank drainfield systems
and other on-site waste treatment systems.
(8) The discharge limitation of subsection 62-600.510(4), F.A.C., shall not be applicable to facilities permitted on or before
January 1, 1982, that discharge into Class II waters or Class III waters which are subsequently reclassified as Class II waters.
(9) This chapter provides for exemptions, allowances for existing facilities and variations from standards and requirements.
Unless specifically provided otherwise, no wastewater permit shall be issued or renewed unless the permit applicant demonstrates
that the subject facility is in compliance with the applicable provisions of this chapter. Application to Coral Reefs:Setting construction and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems. Legislative Actions: Comments:Establishes the processes for planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies |
Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant monitoring, 62-601 Florida Administrative Code. | (1) Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, as amended, part of the Florida
Air and Water Pollution Control Act, requires that any Department operating standards,
criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be developed as a rule. This rule is
promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of the Act concerning
domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring.
(2) The purpose of Chapter 62-601, F.A.C., is to ensure that owners and
operators of domestic wastewater treatment facilities maintain accurate records and
submit reports required by this Chapter in a timely, accurate, cost-effective and uniform
manner.
(3) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic
wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities (including residuals management
facilities). The standards and requirements are not applicable to facilities described in
Rules 62-600.120(1) and (2), F.A.C.
(a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and
modifications or expansions of existing facilities that submit complete permit
applications to the Department after July 1, 1991.
(b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit
complete applications for permit renewal after July 1, 1991.
(4) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications
on or before July 1, 1991 may:
(a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the
time the permit was issued and with the conditions of the existing construction or
operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or
(b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter. Application to Coral Reefs:Setting monitoring requirements and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems. Legislative Actions: Comments:to implement the provisions and requirements concerning domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Discharge Limitations; Manufacturing & Trade; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Electric Power Siting, 62-017 Florida Administrative Code. | 62-17.011 General.
(1) The purpose of Part I is to implement the provisions of the Florida Electrical Power Plant Siting Act, Sections 403.501 - 403.518, F.S., as amended.
(2) The department promulgates Part I pursuant to the charge of the legislature to provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state.
(3) This Part addresses applications for certification of:
(a) A new site for a steam or solar electrical power plant;
(b) The construction and operation of additional steam or solar electrical generating units to be located at sites which have been previously certified for an ultimate site capacity; and
(c) An existing power plant site which had or had applied for permits prior to the effective date of the Act.
Specific Authority 403.504(1), 403.517(1)(a), FS. Law Implemented 403.504(2)(3)(5), 403.517, 403.5175, FS. History - New 5-7-74, Amended 12-27-77, Formerly 17-17.01, Amended 5-9-83, Formerly 17-17.011, Amended 2-1-99. Application to Coral Reefs: To provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state. (3) This Part addresses applications for certification of: (a) A new site for a steam or solar electrical power plant; Legislative Actions: Comments:To provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Building & Home Construction; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; Energy Policy & Development; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Point & Mobile Source Controls |
Environmental Resource Permitting, 62-330 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2005). | Under the Chapter, DEP exercises its independent authority under Part IV, Chapter 373, F.S., to regulate surface water management systems, including activities in, on or over wetlands or other surface waters. The term "surface water management system" or "system" include stormwater mangement systems, dams, impoundments, reservoirs, appurtenant works, or works, or any combination thereof, and includes dredging and filling. "Dredging" means excavation, by any means, in surface waters or wetlands Application to Coral Reefs:Regulating stormwater management systems, dams, reservoirs and dredging will contribute to controlling contaminates from entering estuarine and marine environments and protect ecosystems including coral reefs., Legislative Actions:Individual permits will contain the conditions for environmental protection. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge |
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. | Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy. Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification. Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy. Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jurisdiction: United States |
Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Identification of impaired surface waters, 62-303 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2002). | The Chapter established a methodology to identify surface waters of the state that will be included on the state's planning list of waters that will be assessed pursuant to subsections 403.067(2) and (3), Florida Statutes. It also establishes a methodology to identify impaired waters based on representative data that will be included on the state's verified list of impaired waters, for which the Department will calculate Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs), pursuant to subsection 403.067(4), F.S., and which will be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to paragraph 303(d)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats. Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Microorganisms; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 33 United States Code § 1401. | To regulate the dumping of all types of materials into ocean waters and to prevent or strictly limit the dumping into ocean waters of any material which would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities. To regulate (1) the transportation by any person of material from the United States and, in the case of United States vessels, aircraft, or agencies, the transportation of material from a location outside the United States, when in either case the transportation is for the purpose of dumping the material into ocean waters, and (2) the dumping of material transported by any person from a location outside the United States, if the dumping occurs in the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the United States. Application to Coral Reefs:The Act has been historically used to regulate dumping of dredged materials and sewage sludge into the marine environment. The law intends to improve the conservation, understanding, management, and wise and sustainable use of marine resources, enhance public awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the marine environment, and to maintain for future generations the habitat, and ecologigal services, of the natural assemblage of living resources that inhabit those areas. Because permits are required, it can be assumed that dumping would not be allowed if the material would be dispersed into a sensitive habitat such as coral reefs. Legislative Actions:EPA may assess an administrative civil penalty up to $50,000 per person. Higher penalties can be assessed for dumping medical waste (up to $125,000). Each day in violation constitutes a separate offense. Continuing violations can suffer criminal penalties with fines and up to five years imprisionment possible. Comments:The Act has played a major role in regulating the disposal of dredged material into the ocean environment. However, medical and radioactive wastes, industrial wastes, as well as sewage sludge, are also regulated in the law. |
United States Environmntal Protection Agency Jurisdiction: US Territorial Waters; US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Ballast Discharge; Biocriteria; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency, 62-016 Florida Administrative Code. | This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies provided for in Section 220.192, F.S.
Specific Authority 377.804(3), 377.806(7), 220.192(3) FS. Law Implemented 377.801, 377.802, 377.803, 377.804, 377.806, 220.192 FS. History � New 10-22-07. Application to Coral Reefs:The regulation could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal fired electric generating plants and thus reduce ocean acidification. Legislative Actions: Comments:This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration |
Requirements for Sources Subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program, 62-214 Florida Administrative Code. | This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72. Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at either 40 CFR 72.2 or 76.2 or Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. The provisions of 40 CFR Parts 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 referenced in this rule are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C. Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling toxic air emissions will contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gasses and assist in reducing ocean acidification. Legislative Actions: Comments:This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 CFR. Part 72. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Atmospheric Emissions; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Ocean Acidity |
Revised Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan §§ Public Law 101-605 (HR 5909, Public Law (2007). | The document is a report on the results of NOAA's five year review of strategies and activities detailed in the 1996 Final Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Application to Coral Reefs:The plan specifically addresses preserving and enhancing Sanctuary resources including four national wildlife refuges, six state parks, three state aquatic preserves, Key Largo Marine Sanctuary, Looe Key Marine Sanctuary and a total of 2,900 square nautical miles of coastal waters and numerous coral reefs. The sanctuary ecosystems are facing specific threats including direct human impacts such as vessel groundidngs, pollution and overfishing. Legislative Actions: Comments: |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as Co-trustees Jurisdiction: US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Sovereign submerged lands management, 18-21 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). | To manage, protect, and enhance sovereignty lands so that the public may continue to enjoy traditional uses, including, but not limited to, navigation, fishing and swimming, public drinking water supply, shellfish harvesting, public recreation, and fish and wildlife propagation and management. Application to Coral Reefs:Permitting activities on submerged lands owned by Florida will improve water quality which will indirectly protect reef systems. Legislative Actions:These rules are to implement the administration and management responsibilities of the board and department regarding sovereign submerged lands. Responsibility for environmental permitting of activities and water quality protection on sovereign lands is vested with the Department of Environmental Protection. These rules are considered cumulative. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fisheries; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Energy Policy & Development; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
State Revolving Fund Loan Program, 62-503 Florida Administrative Code. | (1) Florida�s water pollution control revolving loan program is authorized by Section 403.1835, F.S. This statute establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund, which meets federal requirements for a State Revolving Fund. The statute authorizes the Department to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems. The Act also authorizes financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. Project examples include brownfield remediation, wetland restoration, septic tank problem correction, best management practices (especially those for agricultural operations) for controlling leaching and runoff, animal waste management, boat discharge elimination, or other needs identified by the Department�s nonpoint source management program. National estuary program projects also may be eligible.
(2) The federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, commonly called the Clean Water Act, authorizes federal appropriations for grants to the Department to capitalize the State Revolving Fund. The Act requires that the state contribute matching funds of 20% to qualify for federal capitalization grants. The State Revolving Fund must be operated in perpetuity by the Department.
(3) This rule sets forth the Department�s program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance.
Specific Authority 403.1835(5)(a) FS. Law Implemented 403.1835 FS. History - New 7-29-04. Application to Coral Reefs:Providing financial assistance to parties interested in building wastewater treatment palnts and best available standards for construction will result in higher treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to waters of the state. Less contaminated water will reach the marine environment where it would have the potential to adversely effect ecosystems. Legislative Actions: Comments:Establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems and to provide financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters |
Building & Home Construction; Environmental Education & Outreach; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies |
Stationary Sources - Emission Standards, 62-296 Florida Administrative Code. | (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish emission limiting standards and compliance requirements for stationary sources of air pollutant emissions.
(2) The chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. Where work practice standards, including requirements for specific types of pollution control equipment, are provided for in this chapter, such standards shall be of the same force and effect as emission limiting standards. The emission limiting and work practice standards of Rule 62-296.320, F.A.C., and Rules 62-296.401 through 62-296.480, F.A.C., are applicable statewide. The reasonably available control technology requirements are established for specific areas of the state as set forth in Rules 62-296.500, 62-296.600, and 62-296.700, F.A.C.
(3) A facility or emissions unit subject to any standard or requirement of 40 CFR. Part 60, 61, 63 or 65, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall comply with such standard or requirement. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve a facility or emissions unit from complying with such standard or requirement, provided, however, that where a facility or emissions unit is subject to a standard established in this chapter, such standard shall also apply.
(4) Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling air emission pollutants can assist in controlling ocean acid acidification and the damaging effect of ocean water acidification on coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments:To protect air quality, the chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate Regulation; CO2; Corporate Responses; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients |
Surface water quality standards in table format, 62.302.500 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). | This section of Chapter 62-302 presents the water quality standards in a tabular format for each class of waters of the State. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance |
Surface water quality standards, 62-302 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). | The Chapter establishes the minimum concentrations of contamination that are allowable to protect the designated uses of a waterbody. Designated uses include public drinking water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife, agricultural, recreation, industrial, and navigation. Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting surface waters by limiting the concentration of pollutants that can be present will control the concentrations of those pollutants that will reach estuarine and marine environments, thus protecting the associated ecosystems, including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Penalties are not presented in the Rule. Specific requirements and penalties are addrressed in individual permits. The Rule relies heavily on biocriteria including acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Section 400 presents the classes of Florida waters; Class I potable water supplies, Class II shellfish propagation or harvesting, Class III recreation, propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife, Class IV agricultural water supplies, Class V navigation, utility and industrial use. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designate Protected Species; Discharge Limitations; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Impervious Surfaces; Invertebrates; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Waste Management Policies |
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). | It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C. Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced. Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins |
Total maximum daily loads, 62-304 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). | The Chapter establishes Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), and their allocations, for waters that have been verified to be impaired by a pollutant pursuant to Chapter 62-303. F.A.C. Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats. Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body. Comments: |
Florida Department of Envitonmental Protection Jurisdiction: United States; State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Biomedical Research Policies; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Impervious Surfaces; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-345 (2005). | Establishes a methodology that provides a standard procedure for assessing the functions provided by wetlands and other surface waters, the amount that those functions are reduced by a proposed impact, and the amount of mitigation necessary to offset that loss. Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting wetlands provides wetland areas that can act as buffers against nutrients, pollutants and contaminants from reaching habitats including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Chapter is administrative and provides methods to assess wetland value and appropriate mitigation to offset impact. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands |
Water quality based effluent limitations, 62-650 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). | To implement the provisions of Section 403.051, 403.085 through 403.088 concerning the development of effluent limitations for wastewater facilities. Application to Coral Reefs:The Florida Air and Water Pollution Act establishes that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessay to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Requiring treatment of industrial and domestic waste water indirectly protects adjoining ecosystem, such as reefs, by limiting the pollutant that reach these other systems. Legislative Actions:The Department shall not issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state, unless the Department has established an efflent limit for those pollutants in the discharge that are present in quantities or concentrations which can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute, directly or indirectly, to a violation of any water quality standard established in rule 62-302. The effluent limit may be a technology based effluent limit (TBEL), a water quality based effluent limit (WQBEL) determined by a Level 1 process, or where applicable, a WQBEL determined by a Level 2 process. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Domestic Animal Waste; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Water Resource Implementation Rule, 62-40 Florida Administrative Code (2006). | The Chapter is intended to provide water resouirce implementation goals, objectives and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources. A goal of the Chapter is to coordinate the management of water and land resources. It is the objective of the State to protect the functions of the entire ecological systems, as developed and defined in the programs, rules, and plans of the Department and water management districts. It is a goal of the Chapter that sufficient water be available for all existing and future reasonable-beneficial uses and the natural systems and that adverse effects of competition for water supplies be avoided. Application to Coral Reefs:By protecting the functions of entire aquatic ecological systems, those waters will contain less contaminants when they are discharged and meet other natural water bodies including marine ecosystems. Cleaner water will result in less ecological strees to marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments:This Chapter is intended to provide water resource implementation goals, objectives, and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources, based on statutory policies and directives in Chapters 187, 373, and 403, Florida Statutes. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies |
Water Resources Planning Act of 1965, as amended through 2000, 42 United States Code § 1692. | Established the Water Resources Council to be comprised of Cabinet representatives, including the Secretary of the Interior. The Council reviews river basin plans with respect to agricultural, urban, energy, industrial, recreational, and fish and wildlife needs. The Act also established a grant program to assist states in participating in the development of comprehensive water and land use plans. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Agriculture; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation |
Wetland applications, 62-611 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). | To provide qualitative and quantitative design criteria discharge limits, permitting requirements, and monitoring requirements for wetlands, man-made and natural, receiving domestic wastewater. Application to Coral Reefs:Because wetlands act as buffers and remove nutrients from contaminated water, in many case the nutrients will not reach the estuarine and marine environments and potentially have an adverse effect on coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative in nature and specific pollutant limits and monitoring requirements are specified in individual permits Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |