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ReefLink Database

Toxics

Toxics

Toxics are chemical pollutants that are poisonous, carcinogenic, or otherwise directly harmful to humans, plants, or animals. Toxic chemicals include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), metals such as lead or mercury, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and hydrocarbons.

CMap

The Agriculture Sector includes both animal and crop production. Algae are aquatic, photosynthetic plant-like organisms and include calcareous macroalgae, fleshy macroalgae, turf algae, and crustose coralline algae. Anemones & zooanthids are cnidarians very similar to coral, but are not characteristic reef builders. Applied chemicals are chemicals applied to lands, vehicles, buildings, or during manufacturing for a variety of purposes, including maintaining pests, improving soil quality, or cleaning surfaces. Atmospheric Emissions include discharges of atmospheric pollutants, including mercury, greenhouse gases, nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, and volatile organic compounds from the operation of factories, vehicles, and other sources. Coral is a colonial marine animal consisting of polyps. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Culture sectors contribute to the social, emotional, and intellectual well-being of the community. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Environmental education refers to organized efforts to teach about how natural environments function and, particularly, how human beings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live sustainably. Fish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills and usually have scales. Food & energy policies are legislation, restrictions, and guidelines that pertain to sectors that harvest or extract natural resources. The Food and Raw Materials sector includes groups that harvest natural resources from the earth, including agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, forestry, mining, and the oil and gas industry. Infrastructural policies are responses, including zoning, codes, or regulations, that impact the distribution and functioning of socio-economic sectors that provide infrastructure. Infrastructural sectors provide the physical, organizational, and technical support for the economy to function, including construction, utilities, transportation, finance, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and technical services. An Invertebrate is any animal that lacks a backbone. Household and Landscaping Services are subsectors that provide for the maintenance of homes, buildings, and urban landscapes. Industries in the Manufacturing and Trade subsector produce and sell food, beverage, tobacco, wood, plastics, chemical products, metals, electronics, and machinery products, in both wholesale and retail trade. Marine vertebrates are aquatic animals with a backbone, such as sea turtles, whales, dolphins and marine birds. The Mining Industry consists of the operation of mines, quarries, and wells, and the extraction of natural resources, such as solid and liquid minerals and gases, from the earth. Non-point source pollution is runoff from diffuse sources that is caused by rainwater moving over and through the ground, carrying pollutants with it and depositing them in coastal waters. Nutrient and contaminant processing refers to an ecosystem's ability to process and cycle contaminants and nutrients through its system. The Oil and Gas Industry specializes in the finding of natural resources such as crude petroleum and natural gas, and the creation, maintenance, and operation of wells to extract the oil and gas from the earth and prepare it for sale. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Plankton are any plants or animals that are too small to actively move against ocean currents. Waterborne point source discharges are pollution from a discernible, confined conveyance, such as a pipe, vehicle, ship, or animal feeding operation that directly enter the aquatic environment into streams or direct discharge into coastal waters. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Sea temperature is a measure of the warmth of ocean waters, and depends on water depth, solar radiation, water circulation patterns, and atmospheric temperatures. Seawater flow reflects circulation patterns, currents, and wave action that move water throughout the ocean and towards the coastline. Sediment includes dirt, sand, silt, clay, and small rocks that form soil on land or soft substrate in marine habitats, and may be transported by water, wind, or human activities. Shelter includes sectors that provide for the comfort and protection of humans in relation to their living spaces. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Sponges are sessile colonial animals with soft porous bodies supported by a fibrous skeletal framework. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Toxics are chemical pollutants that are poisonous, carcinogenic, or otherwise directly harmful to humans, plants, or animals. The Transportation Sector involves comprises all modes of transportation (Aviation, Maritime, Mass Transit, Highway, Freight Rail, and Pipeline) The Transportation Systems Sector is segmented into six key subsectors, or modes, which operate independently within both a regulated and non-regulated environment, yet are also highly interdependent. Tunicates, or Utilities specialize in providing basic services for public use, including telecommunications, water systems, natural gas, electric power, and waste management. Waterborne discharges include direct and indirect discharges of pollutants into the aquatic environment, including chemicals, nutrients, sediment, and pathogens. A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally.

CMap Description

Toxic chemicals can affect the growth and reproduction of reef species, or cause mortality. Regulation of chemical use, including registration, labeling, use guidelines, and evaluation of risk, can be used to identify potentially toxic chemicals. Point and non-point source controls can set limitations on the quantity and frequency of chemical applications, atmospheric emissions, or wastewater discharges that introduce toxic chemicals into marine environments. Energy management policies can be enacted to reduce contaminant runoff from mining activities or reduce the risk of petroleum spills. Agricultural practices can be implemented to reduce the over application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Many of the same socio-economic sectors that create pressures on the reef also benefit from reef goods and services, such as shoreline protection or recreational opportunities that contribute to the cultural identity of the local community. Nutrient and contaminant processing by sponges and wetlands can improve water quality and reduce human exposure to contaminants.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Ali, AHAM; Hamed, MA; Abd El-Azim, H. 2011. Heavy metals distribution in the coral reef ecosystems of the Northern Red Sea. Helgoland Marine Research 65:67-80. 2011 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Octocoral; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Annibaldi, A; Illuminati, S; Truzzi, C; Scarponi, G. 2011. SWASV speciation of Cd, Pb and Cu for the determination of seawater contamination in the area of the Nicole shipwreck (Ancona coast, Central Adriatic Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2813-2821. 2011 Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Downs, C. A., C. M. Woodley, J. E. Fauth, S. Knutson, M. M. Burtscher, L. A. May, A. R. Avadanei, J. L. Higgins, and G. K. Ostrander. 2011. A survey of environmental pollutants and cellular-stress markers of Porites astreoides at six sites in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Ecotoxicology 2011 Global; US Virgin Islands Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Downs, CA; Woodley, CM; Fauth, JE; Knutson, S; Burtscher, MM; May, LA; Avadanei, AR; Higgins, JL; Ostrander, GK. 2011. A survey of environmental pollutants and cellular-stress markers of Porites astreoides at six sites in St. John, US Virgin Islands. Ecotoxicology 20:1914-1931. 2011 Global; Florida; US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Eghtesadi-Araghi, P; Haffner, PD; Drouillard, K; Maghsoudlou, W. 2011. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminants in Black-lip (Pearl) Oyster Pinctada margaritifera from Kish Island (Persian Gulf). Iranian Journal Of Fisheries Sciences 10:25-34. 2011 Lab Study Sediment
Fang, GC; Nam, DH; Basu, N. 2011. Mercury and selenium content of Taiwanese seafood. Food Additives & Contaminants Part B-surveillance 4:212-217. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Taiwan Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Jones, RJ. 2011. Spatial patterns of chemical contamination (metals, PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFS) in sediments of a non-industrialized but densely populated coral atoll/small island state (Bermuda). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1362-1376. 2011 South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics
Larsson, AI; Purser, A. 2011. Sedimentation on the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa: Cleaning efficiency from natural sediments and drill cuttings. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1159-1168. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Sediment; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lu, CH; Zhang, QW; Jia, Y. 2011. Preparation and characterisation of triangular pyramid-shaped puerarin and aspirin microparticles with nanostructures. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 6:1-6. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Substrate
Mangelsdorf, K; Zink, KG; di Primio, R; Horsfield, B. 2011. Microbial lipid markers within and adjacent to Challenger Mound in the Belgica carbonate mound province, Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland (IODP Expedition 307). Marine Geology 282:91-101. 2011 Sediment; Substrate
Mao, SC; Gavagnin, M; Mollo, E; Guo, YW. 2011. A new rare asteriscane sesquiterpene and other related derivatives from the Hainan aeolid nudibranch Phyllodesmium magnum. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 39:408-411. 2011 Australia; Guam; China Octocoral
Matsuda, Y; Endo, Y; Satkawa, Y; Nakata, M. 2011. Synthetic Studies on Polymaxenolides: Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Nominal Epoxyafricanane and Other Africane-Type Sesquiterpenoids. Journal of Organic Chemistry 76:6258-6263. 2011 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
McMonagle, LB; Lunt, P; Wilson, MEJ; Johnson, KG; Manning, C; Young, J. 2011. A re-assessment of age dating of fossiliferous limestones in eastern Sabah, Borneo: Implications for understanding the origins of the Indo-Pacific marine biodiversity hotspot. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 305:28-42. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Malaysia; Oman; Indonesia Model Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mydlarz, LD; Palmer, CV. 2011. The presence of multiple phenoloxidases in Caribbean reef-building corals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology 159:372-378. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Pathogens; Stony Coral; Substrate
Negri, AP; Harford, AJ; Parry, DL; van Dam, RA. 2011. Effects of alumina refinery wastewater and signature metal constituents at the upper thermal tolerance of: 2. The early life stages of the coral Acropora tenuis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:474-482. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Discharges; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Negri, AP; Hoogenboom, MO. 2011. Water Contamination Reduces the Tolerance of Coral Larvae to Thermal Stress. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global Model Climate; Mitigation; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Prazeres, MD; Martins, SE; Bianchini, A. 2011. Biomarkers response to zinc exposure in the symbiont-bearing foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii (Amphisteginidae, Foraminifera). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 407:116-121. 2011 Skeletal Coral
Ramirez-Llodra, E; Tyler, PA; Baker, MC; Bergstad, OA; Clark, MR; Escobar, E; Levin, LA; Menot, L; Rowden, AA; Smith, CR; Van Dover, CL. 2011. Man and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the Deep Sea. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Review Climate; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Rochelle-Newall, EJ; Chu, VT; Pringault, O; Amouroux, D; Arfi, R; Bettarel, Y; Bouvier, T; Bouvier, C; Got, P; Nguyen, TMH; Mari, X; Navarro, P; Duong, TN; Cao, TTT; Pham, TT; Ouillon, S; Torreton, JP. 2011. Phytoplankton distribution and productivity in a highly turbid, tropical coastal system (Bach Dang Estuary, Vietnam). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2317-2329. 2011 Vietnam Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Tian, SG; Zhang, YS; Wang, JT; Niu, SW. 2011. Late Paleozoic reefs and their significance for tectonics and oil-gas exploration in the Hinggan-Inner Mongolia area. Science China-earth Sciences 54:212-222. 2011 China Algae; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment
Whitall, D. R., B. M. Costa, L. J. Bauer, A. Dieppa, and S. D. Hile, editors. 2011. A Baseline Assessment of the Ecological Resources of Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 133, NOAA, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2011 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Youssef, DH; El-Said, GF. 2011. Assessment of some heavy metals in surface sediments of the Aqaba Gulf, Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 180:229-242. 2011 Egypt; China Index or Indicator Sediment; Toxics
Angel, B. M., L. T. Hales, S. L. Simpson, S. C. Apte, A. A. Chariton, D. A. Shearer, and D. F. Jolley. 2010. Spatial variability of cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc in the Port Curtis Estuary, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:170-183. 2010 Australia Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bielmyera, G. K., M. Grosell, R. Bhagooli, A. C. Baker, C. Langdon, P. Gillette, and T.R. Capo. 2010. Differential effects of copper on three species of scleractinian corals and their algal symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.). Aquatic Toxicology 97:125-133. 2010 Lab Study Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Burns, K. A., D. L. Brinkman, G. J. Brunskill, G. A. Logan, H. Volk, K. Wasmund, and I. Zagorskis. 2010. Fluxes and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Timor Sea ecosystem with special reference to active natural hydrocarbon seepage. Marine Chemistry 118:140-155. 2010 Australia Model Microorganisms; Oil & Gas Industry; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Water Depth & Sea Level
Chen, T. R., K. F. Yu, S. Li, G. J. Price, Q. Shi, and G. J. Wei. 2010. Heavy metal pollution recorded in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. Marine Environmental Research 70:318-326. 2010 China Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Stony Coral
Cheng, J. O., Y. M. Cheng, T. H. Chen, P. C. Hsieh, M. D. Fang, C. L. Lee, and F. C. Ko. 2010. A Preliminary Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Distribution in the Kenting Coral Reef Waters of Southern Taiwan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58:489-498. 2010 Taiwan Non-point Source Runoff
Dudley, S. F. J. and G. Cliff. 2010. Influence of the annual sardine run on catches of large sharks in the protective gillnets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and the occurrence of sardine in shark diet. African Journal of Marine Science 32:383-397. 2010 South Africa Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Whales & Dolphins
Dulf, F. V., M. L. Unguresan, D. C. Vodnar, and C. Socaciu. 2010. Free and Esterified Sterol Distribution in Four Romanian Vegetable Oil. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca 38:91-97. 2010 Oman
Etiope, G., A. Savini, N. Lo Bue, P. Favali, and C. Corselli. 2010. Deep-sea survey for the detection of methane at the "Santa Maria di Leuca" cold-water coral mounds (Ionian Sea, South Italy). Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57:431-440. 2010 Lab Study Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment
Jauer, C. D. and P. Budkewitsch. 2010. Old marine seismic and new satellite radar data: Petroleum exploration of north west Labrador Sea, Canada. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27:1379-1394. 2010 Global; Norway Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Microorganisms
Jiang, Z. X., H. J. Yang, Z. Li, X. Q. Pang, J. F. Han, D. X. Li, and Y. Y. Huang. 2010. Differences of Hydrocarbon Enrichment between the Upper and the Lower Structural Layers in the Tazhong Paleouplift. Acta Geologica Sinica-english Edition 84:1116-1127. 2010 Model
Jones, R. 2010. Environmental contamination associated with a marine landfill ('seafill') beside a coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1993-2006. 2010 Bermuda Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal
Kaczmarek, S. E., M. K. Hicks, S. M. Fullmer, K. L. Steffen, and S. L. Bachtel. 2010. Mapping facies distributions on modern carbonate platforms through integration of multispectral Landsat data, statistics-based unsupervised classifications, and surface sediment data. AAPG Bulletin 94:1581-1606. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; Bahamas; Belize; India; Mexico GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Lavoie, D., G. Chi, M. Urbatsch, and W. J. Davis. 2010. Massive dolomitization of a pinnacle reef in the Lower Devonian West Point Formation (Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec): An extreme case of hydrothermal dolomitization through fault-focused circulation of magmatic fluids. AAPG Bulletin 94:513-531. 2010
Lavoie, D., N. Pinet, M. Duchesne, A. Bolduc, and R. Larocque. 2010. Methane-derived authigenic carbonates from active hydrocarbon seeps of the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27:1262-1272. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Li, Q. M., G. H. Wu, X. Q. Pang, W. Q. Pan, C. S. Luo, C. L. Wang, X. S. Li, and B. Zhou. 2010. Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions of Ordovician Carbonate in Tarim Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica-english Edition 84:1180-1194. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Lu, C. H. and Q. W. Zhang. 2010. Synthesis and morphology of triangular pyramid-shaped puerarin microparticle with nanostructure. Chinese Chemical Letters 21:484-487. 2010 Substrate
Mahima, S., C. Karthik, S. Garg, R. Mehta, R. Teki, N. Ravishankar, and G. Ramanath. 2010. Branched Copper Nanocrystal Corals by Room-Temperature Galvanic Displacement. Crystal Growth and Design 10:3925-3928. 2010
Main, W. P. L., C. Ross, and G. K. Bielmyer. 2010. Copper accumulation and oxidative stress in the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, after waterborne copper exposure. Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology 151:216-221. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Zooxanthellae
Martin, L. B., W. A. Hopkins, L. D. Mydlarz, and J. R. Rohr. 2010. The effects of anthropogenic global changes on immune functions and disease resistance. Pages 129-148 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2010. 2010 Global Invasive Species; Pathogens; Toxics
Pemberton, C. A., E. Harris-Charles, and H. Patterson-Andrews. 2010. Cultural bias in contingent valuation of copper mining in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Ecological Economics 70:19-23. 2010 Valuation
Ramirez-Llodra, E., A. Brandt, R. Danovaro, B. De Mol, E. Escobar, C. R. German, L. A. Levin, P. M. Arbizu, L. Menot, P. Buhl-Mortensen, B. E. Narayanaswamy, C. R. Smith, D. P. Tittensor, P. A. Tyler, A. Vanreusel, and M. Vecchione. 2010. Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem. Biogeosciences 7:2851-2899. 2010 Global Review Finfish Harvest; Microorganisms; Primary Production
Reynolds, B. F., S. P. Powers, and M. A. Bishop. 2010. Application of Acoustic Telemetry to Assess Residency and Movements of Rockfish and Lingcod at Created and Natural Habitats in Prince William Sound. PLoS One 5:e12130. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Substrate
Rose, A. L., A. Godrant, M. Furnas, and T. D. Waite. 2010. Dynamics of nonphotochemical superoxide production and decay in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Limnology and Oceanography 55:1521-1536. 2010 Australia Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rosic, N. N., M. Pernice, S. Dunn, S. Dove, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2010. Differential Regulation by Heat Stress of Novel Cytochrome P450 Genes from the Dinoflagellate Symbionts of Reef-Building Corals. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76:2823-2829. 2010 Cuba Sea Temperatures; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Toxics
Saleh, M. B. and R. G. Kerr. 2010. Identification of the Cyclase Product and its First Oxidation Product in the Biosynthesis of Fuscol and Fuscosides. Australian Journal of Chemistry 63:901-906. 2010 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Model Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Turner, A. 2010. Marine pollution from antifouling paint particles. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:159-171. 2010 Review Invertebrates; Salinity; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Xiang, C. F., X. Q. Pang, W. J. Yang, J. Z. Wang, Q. M. Li, L. F. Liu, and Y. Q. Li. 2010. Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin. Petroleum Science 7:211-225. 2010 China
Yost, D. M., R. J. Jones, and C. L. Mitchelmore. 2010. Alterations in dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) levels in the coral Montastraea franksi in response to copper exposure. Aquatic Toxicology 98:367-373. 2010 Index or Indicator Algae; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Becker, E. L., E. E. Cordes, S. A. Macko, and C. R. Fisher. 2009. Importance of seep primary production to Lophelia pertusa and associated fauna in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56:786-800. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Snails & Conch
Buyukutku, A. G. 2009. Reservoir properties of Karaisali{dotless} formation in the Adana Basin, Southern Turkey. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 65:33-44. 2009 Algae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Du, C. G., F. Hao, H. Y. Zou, Y. M. Zhu, X. Y. Cai, and C. W. Wang. 2009. Process and mechanism for oil and gas accumulation, adjustment and reconstruction in Puguang Gas Field, Northeast Sichuan Basin, China. Science In China Series D-earth Sciences 52:1400-1411. 2009 China Index or Indicator
Feng, D., D. F. Chen, and J. Peckmann. 2009. Rare earth elements in seep carbonates as tracers of variable redox conditions at ancient hydrocarbon seeps. Terra Nova 21:49-56. 2009 Surface & Groundwater Flow
Foubert, A. and J.-P. Henriet. 2009. Of mounds and cold-water corals. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 126:12-Jan. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA)
Fyhn, M. B. W., L. H. Nielsen, L. O. Boldreel, L. D. Thang, J. Bojesen-Koefoed, H. I. Petersen, N. T. Huyen, N. A. Duc, N. T. Dau, A. Mathiesen, I. Reid, D. T. Huong, H. A. Tuan, L. V. Hien, H. P. Nytoft, and I. Abatzis. 2009. Geological evolution, regional perspectives and hydrocarbon potential of the northwest Phu Khanh Basin, offshore Central Vietnam. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26:24-Jan. 2009 China; Vietnam Model; Index or Indicator Dam Construction & Maintenance; Sediment
Gu, C. D., H. Ren, J. P. Tu, and T. Y. Zhang. 2009. Micro/Nanobinary Structure of Silver Films on Copper Alloys with Stable Water-Repellent Property under Dynamic Conditions. Langmuir 25:12299-12307. 2009 Substrate
Hedouin, L., P. Bustamante, C. Churlaud, O. Pringault, R. Fichez, and M. Warnau. 2009. Trends in concentrations of selected metalloid and metals in two bivalves from the coral reefs in the SW lagoon of New Caledonia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72:372-381. 2009 New Caledonia Index or Indicator Bivalves; Mining; Sediment
Kim, H., Y. Kim, J. B. Joo, J. W. Ko, and J. Yi. 2009. Preparation of coral-like porous gold for metal ion detection. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 122:283-287. 2009 Substrate; Toxics
Kim, J., D. Taylor, J. DeYoung, J. B. McClain, J. M. DeSimone, and R. G. Carbonell. 2009. Deposition of copper particles and films by the displacement of two immiscible supercritical phases and subsequent reaction. Chemistry of Materials 21:913-924. 2009 Substrate
Larpov, K. A., N. J. Kogut, and J. J. Geibel. 2009. Estimating Fish Length From Vertical Morphometric Parameters. California Fish and Game 95:161-174. 2009 China Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species
Le Guilloux, E., K. Olu, J. F. Bourillet, B. Savoye, S. P. Iglesias, and M. Sibuet. 2009. First observations of deep-sea coral reefs along the Angola margin. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56:2394-2403. 2009 GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Stony Coral
Loser, H., T. A. Stemann, and S. Mitchell. 2009. Oldest Scleractinian Fauna From Jamaica (Hauterivian, Benbow Inlier). Journal of Paleontology 83:333-349. 2009 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean; Mexico Sediment; Stony Coral
Lu, X. X., W. W. Jiao, X. Y. Zhou, J. J. Li, H. F. Yu, and N. Yang. 2009. Paleozoic carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation zones in Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, western China. Energy Exploration & Exploitation 27:69-90. 2009 China Sediment
Miyajima, T., C. Yoshimizu, Y. Tsuboi, Y. Tanaka, I. Tayasu, T. Nagata, and I. Koike. 2009. Longitudinal distribution of nitrate delta N-15 and delta O-18 in two contrasting tropical rivers: implications for instream nitrogen cycling. Biogeochemistry 95:243-260. 2009 Southeast Asia Model Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Pait, A. S., C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, D. R. Whitall, S. I. Hartwell, A. L. Mason, and J. D. Christensen. 2009. Chemical contamination in southwest Puerto Rico: A survey of contaminants in the coral Porites astreoides. Caribbean Journal of Science 45:191-203. 2009 Puerto Rico Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Pait, A.S., C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, D. R. Whitall, S. I. Hartwell, A. L. Mason, and J. D. Christensen. 2009. Chemical contaminants in the coral Porites astreoides from outhwest Puerto Rico. NOS NCCOS 91, Silver Spring, MD. 2009 Puerto Rico Stony Coral; Toxics
Ramos, R., R. Cipriani, H. M. Guzman, and E. Garcia. 2009. Chronology of mercury enrichment factors in reef corals from western Venezuela. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:222-229. 2009 Venezuela Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Toxics
Raymond, B. and R. Rossmann. 2009. Total and methyl mercury accumulation in 1994-1995 Lake Michigan lake trout and forage fish. Journal of Great Lakes Research 35:438-446. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Sediment; Toxics
Redman, R. A. and S. T. Szedlmayer. 2009. The effects of epibenthic communities on reef fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Management and Ecology 16:360-367. 2009 South & Central America; Cuba; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics
Rushdi, A. I., T. A. T. A. Kassim, and B. R. T. Simoneit. 2009. Organic tracers in sediments from the coastal zone of Ras Abu el-Darag, Gulf of Suez. Environmental Geology 58:1675-1687. 2009 Index or Indicator Cleaner & Solvent Use; Sediment
Trost, B. M. and G. B. Dong. 2009. A Stereodivergent Strategy to Both Product Enantiomers from the Same Enantiomer of a Stereoinducing Catalyst: Agelastatin A. Chemistry-a European Journal 15:6910-6919. 2009 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Venn, A. A., J. Quinn, R. Jones, and A. Bodnar. 2009. P-glycoprotein (multi-xenobiotic resistance) and heat shock protein gene expression in the reef coral Montastraea franksi in response to environmental toxicants. Aquatic Toxicology 93:188-195. 2009 Global Algae; Stony Coral; Substrate
Vignon, M., P. Sasal, M. C. Rigby, and R. Galzin. 2009. Multiple parasite introduction and host management plan: case study of lutjanid fish in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 85:133-145. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Piscivorous Fish
Wehrmann, L. M., N. J. Knab, H. Pirlet, V. Unnithan, C. Wild, and T. G. Ferdelman. 2009. Carbon mineralization and carbonate preservation in modern cold-water coral reef sediments on the Norwegian shelf. Biogeosciences 6:663-680. 2009 Model Sediment
Wu, S. G., Q. H. Han, Y. B. Ma, D. D. Dong, and F. L. Lue. 2009. Petroleum System in Deepwater Basins of the Northern South China Sea. Journal Of Earth Science 20:124-135. 2009 China Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Wu, S. G., S. Q. Yuan, G. C. Zhang, Y. B. Ma, L. J. Mi, and N. Xu. 2009. Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26:817-823. 2009 China; Indonesia Housing; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Wu, S., S. Yuan, G. Zhang, Y. Ma, L. Mi, and N. Xu. 2009. Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26:817-823. 2009 China; Indonesia Housing; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Zhou, X. Y., Z. M. Wang, H. J. Yang, L. J. Zhang, J. F. Han, and Z. Y. Wang. 2009. Large-scale Tazhong Ordovician Reef-flat Oil-Gas Field in the Tarim Basin of China. Acta Geologica Sinica-english Edition 83:179-188. 2009 China
[No author name available]. 2008. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings - Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VIII. in Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 2008 South & Central America; Columbia; Iran; Mexico Index or Indicator
Atchley, S. C., D. M. Cleveland, and L. W. West. 2008. A case for renewed development of a mature gas field: The Devonian Swan Hills Formation at Kaybob South field, Alberta, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 56:165-190. 2008 Natural Gas & Electric Power
Barber, M. C. 2008. Bioaccumulation and Aquatic System Simulator (BASS) User�s Manual Version 2.2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Division, Athens, GA. 2008 Model Algae; Fish; Plankton; Toxics
Barnes, S.-J., H. M. Prichard, R. A. Cox, P. C. Fisher, and B. Godel. 2008. The location of the chalcophile and siderophile elements in platinum-group element ore deposits (a textural, microbeam and whole rock geochemical study): Implications for the formation of the deposits. Chemical Geology 248:295-317. 2008 Cuba; South Africa Model Hotel & Food Services
Brunskill, G. J., I. Zagorskis, and J. Pfitzner. 2008. Chapter 6 A Mass Balance for Sediment and Copper in the Rivers, Estuaries, Shelf and Slope of the Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea. Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences 9:205-254. 2008 Papua New Guinea Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Campbell, K. A., D. A. Francis, M. Collins, M. R. Gregory, C. S. Nelson, J. Greinert, and P. Aharon. 2008. Hydrocarbon seep-carbonates of a Miocene forearc (East Coast Basin), North Island, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology 204:83-105. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment
Cordes, E. E., M. P. McGinley, E. L. Podowski, E. L. Becker, S. Lessard-Pilon, S. T. Viada, and C. R. Fisher. 2008. Coral communities of the deep Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 55:777-787. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Da Silva, M., M. R. Z. Passarini, R. C. Bonugli, and L. D. Sette. 2008. Cnidarian-derived filamentous fungi from Brazil: Isolation, characterisation and RBBR decolourisation screening. Environmental Technology 29:1331-1339. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Remediation; Stony Coral
Edinger, E. N., K. Azmy, W. Diegor, and P. R. Siregar. 2008. Heavy metal contamination from gold mining recorded in Porites lobata skeletons, Buyat-Ratototok district, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1553-1569. 2008 Indonesia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Sediment; Stony Coral; Toxics
Farina, O., R. Ramos, C. Bastidas, and E. Garcia. 2008. Biochemical responses of cnidarian larvae to mercury and benzo(a)pyrene exposure. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 81:553-557. 2008 Stony Coral; Toxics
Goldstone, J. V. 2008. Environmental sensing and response genes in cnidaria: The chemical defensome in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Cell Biology and Toxicology 24:483-502. 2008 Review; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Sea Urchins; Toxics; Tunicates
Johansson, M. L., M. A. Banks, K. D. Glunt, H. M. Hassel-Finnegan, and V. P. Buonaccorsi. 2008. Influence of habitat discontinuity, geographical distance, and oceanography on fine-scale population genetic structure of copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus). Molecular Ecology 17:3051-3061. 2008 Model Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton
Laine, J., M. Labady, A. Albornoz, and S. Yunes. 2008. Porosities and pore sizes in coralline calcium carbonate. Materials Characterization 59:1522-1525. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral; Toxics
Leblond, C., J. Mephara, and S. Sauve. 2008. Trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in food supplements of marine origin. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 14:408-420. 2008 Agriculture; Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Toxics
Lepland, A. and P. B. Mortensen. 2008. Barite and barium in sediments and coral skeletons around the hydrocarbon exploration drilling site in the Træna Deep, Norwegian Sea. Environmental Geology 56:119-129. 2008 Norway Discharges; Sediment
Lin, C.-K., D. Kulasiri, and L.-K. Chien. 2008. Soil thermal conductivity study in western coastal zone of Taiwan. Pages 598-602 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2008 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study
Machel, H. G. and B. E. Buschkuehle. 2008. Diagenesis of the Devonian Southesk-Cairn Carbonate Complex, Alberta, Canada: Marine cementation, burial dolomitization, thermochemical sulfate reduction, anhydritization and squeegee fluid flow. Journal of Sedimentary Research 78:366-389. 2008 Sediment
Mancini, E. A., J. Obid, M. Badali, K. Liu, and W. C. Parcell. 2008. Sequence-stratigraphic analysis of Jurassic and Cretaceous strata and petroleum exploration in the central and eastern Gulf coastal plain, United States. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 92:1655-1686. 2008 Sediment
Marynowski, L., P. Filipiak, and A. Pisarzowska. 2008. Organic geochemistry and palynofacies of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition (Late Devonian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 269:152-165. 2008 Poland Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment
Metian, M., E. Giron, V. Borne, L. Hedouin, J.-L. Teyssie, and M. Warnau. 2008. The brown alga Lobophora variegata, a bioindicator species for surveying metal contamination in tropical marine environments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 362:49-54. 2008 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mining
Modica, C. J. and D. J. Katz. 2008. Characterization of the Sligo (Lower Cretaceous - Aptian) Platform margin in South Texas: Understanding facies distributions using 3D seismic and modern analogs. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 27:2791-2795. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Model Water Depth & Sea Level
Moltu, U. E. and L. Pinturier. 2008. Zero harmful impact from drilling discharges: Where are the limits? Pages 988-1002 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corporate Responses; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Toxics
Mossman, D. J., W. E. L. Minter, A. Dutkiewicz, D. K. Hallbauer, S. C. George, Q. Hennigh, T. O. Reimer, and F. D. Horscroft. 2008. The indigenous origin of Witwatersrand \carbon\"". Precambrian Research 164:173-186. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Sediment
Moya, A., C. Ferrier-Pages, P. Furla, S. Richier, E. Tambutte, D. Allemand, and S. Tambutte. 2008. Calcification and associated physiological parameters during a stress event in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 151:29-36. 2008 Climate; Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
NOAA; The Nature Conservancy. 2008. Creosote Assessment in Puget Sound Beaches. NOAA. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Docks & Marinas; Sediment
Pait, A. S., D. R. Whitall, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, A. L. Mason, G. G. Lauenstein, and J. D. Christensen. 2008. Chemical contamination in southwest Puerto Rico: An assessment of organic contaminants in nearshore sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:580-587. 2008 Puerto Rico Sediment; Toxics
Pait, A. S., D. R. Whitall, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, A. L. Mason, G. G. Lauenstein, and J. D. Christensen. 2008. Chemical contamination in southwest Puerto Rico: An assessment of trace and major elements in nearshore sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1953-1956. 2008 Puerto Rico Sediment; Toxics
Prouty, N. G., K. A. Hughen, and J. Carilli. 2008. Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples. Coral Reefs 27:727-742. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Index or Indicator Agriculture; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Qin, J.-Z., Q.-Q. Meng, and X.-D. Fu. 2008. Three hydrocarbon generation and accumulation processes of marine carbonate rocks in northeastern Sichuan Basin, China. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa/Petroleum Exploration and Development 35:548-556. 2008 China Natural Gas & Electric Power
Rashdi, K. R., M. R. Sainal, and M. N. M. Yusoff. 2008. Samarang pipeline-replacement project: Application of an innovative approach for shallow-water pipeline installation. Pages 538-548 in Proceedings - SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. 2008 Malaysia Field Study & Monitoring Pipelines
Rushdi, A. I., T. A. T. A. Kassim, and B. R. T. Simoneit. 2008. Organic tracers in sediments from the coastal zone of Ras Abu el-Darag, Gulf of Suez. Environmental Geology 13-Jan. 2008 Index or Indicator Cleaner & Solvent Use; Sediment
Timmons, C. L. and D. W. Hess. 2008. Photoresist and Fluorocarbon Postplasma Etch Residue Removal Using Electrochemically Generated Radical Anions. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 155. 2008 Cleaner & Solvent Use; Manufacturing & Trade
Wang, L., B. Zheng, W. Meng. 2008. Photo-induced toxicity of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, singly and in combination, to the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 71:465-472. 2008 Lab Study Light
Wei, X., C.-Z. Jia, W.-G. Meng, Y.-J. Zhu, and J.-F. Zhang. 2008. Discussion on biogenetic reef distribution and hydrocarbon exploration direction in Xisha sea area since Neogene. Shiyou Diqiu Wuli Kantan/Oil Geophysical Prospecting 43:308-312. 2008 Sediment
YAO, G.-s., S.-q. YUAN, S.-g. WU, and C. ZHONG. 2008. Double provenance depositional model and exploration prospect in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development 35:685-691. 2008 China Model Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment
Yao, Y.-J., N.-Y. Wu, B. Xia, and R.-S. Wan. 2008. Petroleum geology of the Zengmu basin in the southern South China Sea. Geology in China 35:503-513. 2008 China Coal Mining; Sediment
Beaudreau, A. H. and T. E. Essington. 2007. Spatial, temporal, and ontogenetic patterns of predation on rockfishes by lingcod. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1438-1452. 2007 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish
Beiranvand, B., A. Ahmadi, and M. Sharafodin. 2007. Mapping and classifying flow units in the upper part of the mid-Cretaceous sarvak formation (Western Dezful Embayment, SW Iran) based on a detemination of reservoir rock types. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30:357-373. 2007 Iran Model; GIS & Maps Toxics
Carrillo, P., M. Aldana, B. Bryans, and R. Turpening. 2007. Attenuation coefficient tomogram and Q distribution image from crosswell survey in the Northern Reef Trend of Michigan Basin. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 26:1252-1256. 2007
Davies, A. J., J. M. Roberts, and J. Hall-Spencer. 2007. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: Emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biological Conservation 138:299-312. 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Ocean Acidity; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Eapaea, M. P., D. Parry, and B. Noller. 2007. Dynamics of arsenic in the mining sites of Pine Creek Geosyncline, Northern Australia. Science of the Total Environment 379:201-215. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC. 2007 Aquaculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Gutowski, J., A. Urbaniec, Z. Zlonkiewicz, L. Bobrek, B. Swietlik, and P. Gliniak. 2007. Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of the middle Polish Carpathian Foreland [Stratygrafia gornej jury i dolńej kredy środkowej cześci przedpola polskich Karpat]. Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 426:26-Jan. 2007
Haapkyla, J., F. Ramade, and B. Salvat. 2007. Oil pollution on coral reefs: A review of the state of knowledge and management needs. Vie et Milieu 57:95-111. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Hardy, R., S. Jones, D. Hardy, and R. Hobbs. 2007. Seismic oceanography: Processing data from the Rockall trough, west of Ireland. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 26:894-898. 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Fish; Salinity; Shoreline Protection
Hardy, R., S. M. Jones, and R. W. Hobbs. 2007. Imaging the water column using seismic reflection data. Pages 1731-1735 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 69th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2007 - \Securing the Future\"". 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Fish; Salinity; Shoreline Protection
Huvaz, O., H. Sarikaya, and T. Isik. 2007. Petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential analysis of the northwestern Uralsk basin, NW Kazakhstan, by utilizing 3D basin modeling methods. Marine and Petroleum Geology 24:247-275. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model
Huvenne, V. A. I., W. R. Bailey, P. M. Shannon, J. Naeth, R. di Primio, J. P. Henriet, B. Horsfield, H. de Haas, A. Wheeler, and K. Olu-Le Roy. 2007. The Magellan mound province in the Porcupine Basin. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96:85-101. 2007 Model Sediment
Jia, C., B. Li, X. Zhang, and C. Li. 2007. Formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins. Chinese Science Bulletin 52:11-Jan. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; India; China Coal Mining; Sediment
Jones, R. J. 2007. Chemical contamination of a coral reef by the grounding of a cruise ship in Bermuda. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:905-911. 2007 Bermuda Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cruise Ships; Remediation; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Toxics
Kiriakoulakis, K., A. Freiwald, E. Fisher, and G. A. Wolff. 2007. Organic matter quality and supply to deep-water coral/mound systems of the NW European Continental Margin. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96:159-170. 2007 Europe Sediment
Kissin, S. A., G. J. Heggie, J. M. Franklin, and A. K. Somarin. 2007. Sulfide saturation mechanisms in gabbroic intrusions in the Nipigon Embayment. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44:1203-1214. 2007
Leon, R., L. Somoza, T. Medialdea, F. J. Gonzalez, V. Diaz-del-Rio, M. C. Fernandez-Puga, A. Maestro, and M. P. Mata. 2007. Sea-floor features related to hydrocarbon seeps in deepwater carbonate-mud mounds of the Gulf of Cadiz: From mud flows to carbonate precipitates. Geo-Marine Letters 27:237-247. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Lu, Y.-Q. and Y.-M. Gong. 2007. On reefs in association with marine oilfields: Actuality, problems and prospects. Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences 32:871-878. 2007 China Sediment
Martinez, M. D. C. G., P. R. Romero, and A. T. Banaszak. 2007. Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 42:1495-1502. 2007 Cuba Light; Stony Coral
Mitchelmore, C. L., E. A. Verde, and V. M. Weis. 2007. Uptake and partitioning of copper and cadmium in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Aquatic Toxicology 85:48-56. 2007 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Stony Coral
Norena-Barroso, E., G. Gold-Bouchot, and V. Ceja-Moreno. 2007. Temporal variation of persistent organic pollutant (POP) residue concentrations in sediments from the Bay of Chetumal, Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 79:141-146. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Agriculture; Fish; Sediment; Toxics
Pait, A. S., D. R. Whitall, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, A. L. Mason, J. D. Christensen, M. E. Monaco, and J. Ramirez. 2007. An Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in the Marine Sediments of Southwest Puerto Rico. NOAA/NOS/Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD. 2007 Puerto Rico Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics
Sammarco, P. W., P. Hallock, J. C. Lang, and R. S. Legore. 2007. Roundtable discussion groups summary papers: Environmental bio-indicators in coral reef ecosystems: The need to align research, monitoring, and environmental regulation. Environmental Bioindicators 2:35-46. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Toxics
Shakeri, A., J. Douraghinejad, and M. Moradpour. 2007. Microfacies and sedimentary environments of the late Oligocene-early Miocene Qom Formation of the Gooreh Berenji region (Jandaq area, central Iran). GeoArabia 12:41-60. 2007 Iran Field Study & Monitoring Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Taghavi, A. A., A. Mork, and E. Kazemzadeh. 2007. Flow unit classification for geological modelling of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir: Cretaceous sarvak formation, Dehluran field, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30:129-146. 2007 Iran Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Toxics
Traina, K., M. C. Steil, J. P. Pirard, C. Henrist, A. Rulmont, R. Cloots, and B. Vertruyen. 2007. Synthesis of La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85 by successive freeze-drying and self-ignition of a hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose solution. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27:3469-3474. 2007 Nutrients; Toxics
Turner, P. and H. Sherif. 2007. A giant Late Triassic-Early Jurassic evaporitic basin on the Saharan Platform, North Africa. Geological Society Special Publication 87-105. 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA)
Zdanaviciute, O. and J. Lazauskiene. 2007. The petroleum potential of the silurian succession in Lithuania. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30:325-337. 2007
Zhang, G., L. Mi, S. Wu, W. Tao, S. He, and J. Lu. 2007. Deepwater area - The new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea. Shiyou Xuebao/Acta Petrolei Sinica 28:15-21. 2007 China Coal Mining; Water Depth & Sea Level
Zhang, Z., G. Li, L. Yang, and X. Ning. 2007. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by novel bioactive mineral carriers. Pages 394-399 in Battelle Press - 9th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium 2007. 2007 Lab Study Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Remediation
Atkinson, C., M. Renolds, and O. Hutapea. 2006. Stratigraphic traps in the Tertiary rift basins of Indonesia: Case studies and future potential. Geological Society Special Publication 105-126. 2006 Java; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring
Christensen, J. D. and M. E. Monaco, editors. 2006. Contaminant Distributions in Caribbean Ecosystems: Towards Developing an Understanding of Chemical Contaminant Impacts on Coral Reef Health. NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Pathogens; Sediment; Toxics
Cram, S., C. A. Ponce De Leon, P. Fernandez, I. Sommer, H. Rivas, and L. M. Morales. 2006. Assesment of trace elements and organic pollutants from a marine oil complex into the coral reef system of Cayo Arcas, Mexico. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 121:127-149. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Ballast Discharge; Oil & Gas Tankers; Sediment
Downs, C. A., R. H. Richmond, W. J. Mendiola, L. Rougee, and G. K. Ostrander. 2006. Cellular physiological effects of the MV Kyowa Violet fuel-oil spill on the hard coral, Porites lobata. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:3171-3180. 2006 Micronesia Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Garrison, V. H., W. T. Foreman, S. Genualdi, D. W. Griffin, C. A. Kellogg, M. S. Majewski, A. Mohammed, A. Ramsubhag, E. A. Shinn, S. L. Simonich, and G. W. Smith. 2006. Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean? Revista de Biologia Tropical 54:21-Sep. 2006 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Trinidad; Tobago; Caribbean Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Schools & Colleges
Gaston, T. F., T. A. Schlacher, and R. M. Connolly. 2006. Flood discharges of a small river into open coastal waters: Plume traits and material fate. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 69:9-Apr. 2006 Australia Model Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Glasby, G. P. 2006. Drastic reductions in utilizable fossil fuel reserves: An environmental imperative. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8:197-215. 2006 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Climate; CO2
Haggarty, D. R. and J. R. King. 2006. CPUE as an index of relative abundance for nearshore reef fishes. Fisheries Research 81:89-93. 2006 Cuba Index or Indicator Fish
Huang, X., D. Jiao, L. Lu, J. Huang, and S. Xie. 2006. Distribution and geochemical implication of aromatic hydrocarbons across the Meishan Permian-Triassic boundary. Journal of China University of Geosciences 17:49-54. 2006 China Index or Indicator Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sediment
Hyland, J., C. Cooksey, W. L. Balthis, M. Fulton, D. Bearden, G. McFall, and M. Kendall. 2006. The soft-bottom macrobenthos of Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and nearby shelf waters off the coast of Georgia, USA. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 330:307-326. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Toxics
Imbs, A. B., O. A. Demina, and D. A. Demidkova. 2006. Lipid class and fatty acid composition of the boreal soft coral Gersemia rubiformis. Lipids 41:721-725. 2006 Octocoral
Love, M. S. and A. York. 2006. The relationships between fish assemblages and the amount of bottom horizontal beam exposed at California oil platforms: Fish habitat preferences at man-made platforms and (by inference) at natural reefs. Fishery Bulletin 104:542-549. 2006 Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Sediment
Noe, S., J. Titschack, A. Freiwald, and W.-C. Dullo. 2006. From sediment to rock: Diagenetic processes of hardground formation in deep-water carbonate mounds of the NE Atlantic. Facies 52:183-208. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Microorganisms; Plankton; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Peng, Z., J. Liu, C. Zhou, B. Nie, and T. Chen. 2006. Temporal variations of heavy metals in coral Porites lutea from Guangdong Province, China: Influences from industrial pollution, climate and economic factors. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 25:132-138. 2006 China Agriculture; Climate; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Poulsen, A., K. Burns, J. Lough, D. Brinkman, and S. Delean. 2006. Trace analysis of hydrocarbons in coral cores from Saudi Arabia. Organic Geochemistry 37:1913-1930. 2006 Australia; Saudi Arabia; Iran Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Raghukumar, C., M. S. Shailaja, P. S. Parameswaran, and S. K. Singh. 2006. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous media by the marine fungus NIOCC # 312: Involvement of lignin-degrading enzymes and exopolysaccharides. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 35:373-379. 2006 Seagrasses
Ramade, F. and H. Roche. 2006. Pollutant effects on coral reefs ecosystems [Effets des polluants sur les ecosystemes recifaux]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 61:Mar-33. 2006 Global Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Rougee, L., C. A. Downs, R. H. Richmond, and G. K. Ostrander. 2006. Alteration of normal cellular profiles in the scleractinian coral (Pocillopora damicornis) following laboratory exposure to fuel oil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:3181-3187. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Sumner, J. P., N. M. Westerberg, A. K. Stoddard, T. K. Hurst, M. Cramer, R. B. Thompson, C. A. Fierke, and R. Kopelman. 2006. DsRed as a highly sensitive, selective, and reversible fluorescence-based biosensor for both Cu+ and Cu2+ ions. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21:1302-1308. 2006 Model
Vandeginste, V., R. Swennen, S. A. Gleeson, R. M. Ellam, K. Osadetz, and F. Roure. 2006. Development of secondary porosity in the Fairholme carbonate complex (southwest Alberta, Canada). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 89:394-397. 2006 CO2
Wang, S.-W., S.-Y. Gong, H.-S. Mii, and C.-F. Dai. 2006. Cold-seep carbonate hardgrounds as the initial substrata of coral reef development in a siliciclastic paleoenvironment of southwestern Taiwan. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 17:405-427. 2006 Taiwan Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Substrate
Yang, N., X. Lu, X. Zhou, and D. Zheng. 2006. Hydrocarbon accumulation zones of carbonate in the Tarim basin. Acta Geologica Sinica 80:398-405. 2006 Sediment
Yao, P., X.-X. Gu, J.-G. Li, and W.-Y. Fan. 2006. Characteristics and origin signification of ore-forming fluid from the Jiama stratabound skarn deposit located in Gandise volcanic-magmatic arc, Tibet, China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition) 33:285-293. 2006 China Sediment
Yasumoto-Hirose, M., M. Nishijima, M. K. Ngirchechol, K. Kanoh, Y. Shizuri, and W. Miki. 2006. Isolation of marine bacteria by in situ culture on media-supplemented polyurethane foam. Marine Biotechnology 8:227-237. 2006 Microorganisms; Substrate
Yum, S. 2006. Ubiquitin expression in soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) exposed to environmental stresses. Korean Journal of Genetics 28:149-156. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Zou, C., S. Tao, and Z. Gu. 2006. Formation conditions and distribution rules of large lithologic oil-gas fields with low abundance in China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80:1739-1751. 2006 China Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2005. Integrated ocean drilling program expedition 307 preliminary report: Modern carbonate mounds: Porcupine drilling. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 307:Jan-58. 2005 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Ballou, T. G., S. C. Hess, R. E. Dodge, A. H. Knap, and T. D. Sleeter. 2005. Effects of untreated and chemically dispersed oil on tropical marine communities: A long-term field experiment. Page 2365 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Ben Kilani, H., F. Mejri, S. Jeddi, and A. Jlailia. 2005. Tertiary structuring and hydrocarbon potential in the Gulf of Hammamet. Pages 3085-3086 in 67th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE Conference and Exhibition, incorporating SPE EUROPE2005 - Extended Abstracts. 2005 Oman; Europe Field Study & Monitoring
Bender, K. and R. Taylor. 2005. Oil spill contingency planning in Thailand. Page 5512 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Thailand Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Bielmyer, G. K., K. V. Brix, T. R. Capo, and M. Grosell. 2005. The effects of metals on embryo-larval and adult life stages of the sea urchin, Diadema antillarum. Aquatic Toxicology 74:254-263. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Sea Urchins
Bums, K., J. MacPherson, J. Tierney, M. Stoelting, L. Yelle, and D. Jorissen. 2005. Sediment chemistry studies related to the 1986 Bahia las Minas (Panama) oil spill. Page 7605 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Cawthorn, R. G. 2005. Contrasting sulphide contents of the Bushveld and Sudbury Igneous Complexes. Mineralium Deposita 40:12-Jan. 2005 Model
Dill, H. G., R. Botz, F. W. Luppold, and F. Henjes-Kunst. 2005. Hypogene and supergene alteration of the Late Palaeozoic Ratburi Limestone during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Thailand, Surat Thani Province). Implications for the concentration of mineral commodities and hydrocarbons. International Journal of Earth Sciences 94:24-46. 2005 Thailand Sediment
Downs, C. A., J. E. Fauth, C. E. Robinson, R. Curry, B. Lanzendorf, J. C. Halas, J. Halas, and C. M. Woodley. 2005. Cellular diagnostics and coral health: Declining coral health in the Florida Keys. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:558-569. 2005 Florida Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Guillette Jr., L. J. and T. M. Edwards. 2005. Is nitrate an ecologically relevant endocrine disruptor in vertebrates? Pages 19-27 in Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2005 Global; Florida Review Toxics
Hallock, P. 2005. Global change and modern coral reefs: New opportunities to understand shallow-water carbonate depositional processes. Sedimentary Geology 175:19-33. 2005 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Finfish Harvest; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Sunscreen Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Haynes, D., S. Carter, C. Gaus, J. Muller, and W. Dennison. 2005. Organochlorine and heavy metal concentrations in blubber and liver tissue collected from Queensland (Australia) dugong (Dugong dugon). Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:361-369. 2005 Australia Coastal Development; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Toxics; Whales & Dolphins
Hyland, J., L. Balthis, I. Karakassis, P. Magni, A. Petrov, J. Shine, O. Vestergaard, R. Warwick. 2005. Organic carbon content of sediments as an indicator of stress in the marine benthos. Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:91-103. 2005 Japan Model; Index or Indicator Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Toxics
Kenter, J. A. M., P. M. Harris, and G. Della Porta. 2005. Steep microbial boundstone-dominated platform margins - Examples and implications. Sedimentary Geology 178:30-May. 2005 Spain Model Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
King, S. C., J. E. Johnson, M. L. Haasch, D. A. J. Ryan, J. T. Ahokas, and K. A. Burns. 2005. Summary results from a pilot study conducted around an oil production platform on the Northwest Shelf of Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1163-1172. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Fish; Microorganisms
Knap, A. H., S. C. Wyers, R. E. Dodge, T. D. Sleeter, H. R. Frith, S. R. Smith, and C. B. Cook. 2005. The effects of chemically and physically dispersed oil on the brain coral diploria strigosa (dana)-a summary review. Page 2303 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Bermuda Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Petroleum Spills; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Kontorovich, A. E., T. M. Parfenova, and E. N. Ivanova. 2005. Aromatic biomarker-hydrocarbons and dibenzothiophenes in bitumens of the Kuonamka Formation Northeastern Siberian Platform. Doklady Earth Sciences 403:754-756. 2005 Sediment
LeGore, S., D. S. Marszalek, L. J. Danek, M. S. Tomlinson, J. E. Hofmann, and J. E. Cuddeback. 2005. Effect of chemically dispersed oil on arabian gulf corals: A field experiment. Page 2176 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Petroleum Spills; Salinity; Stony Coral
Murray, C. G. and P. R. Blake. 2005. Geochemical discrimination of tectonic setting for Devonian basalts of the Yarrol Province of the New England Orogen, central coastal Queensland: An empirical approach. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52:993-1034. 2005 Australia; Antilles; Vanuatu; England Field Study & Monitoring; Model
Neff, J. M., J. P. Marum, and J. Scott Warner. 2005. Composition and fate of clean ballast water discharged from crude oil tankers. Page 1266 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Saudi Arabia Ballast Discharge; Discharges; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills
Pasternak, G., R. Vago, and D. Itzhak. 2005. Interaction between various metals and the hydrozoan millepora dichotoma in a coral-reef environment. Corrosion Reviews 23:415-423. 2005 Hydrocoral
Powell, B. and M. Martens. 2005. A review of acid sulfate soil impacts, actions and policies that impact on water quality in Great Barrier Reef catchments, including a case study on remediation at East Trinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:149-164. 2005 Australia Review; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Microorganisms; Remediation; Wetlands
Quinn, B., F. Gagne, J.-P. Weber, and C. Blaise. 2005. Ecotoxicological effects of a semi-submerged municipal dump (Castle harbour, Bermuda) on the Calico scallop Argopecten gibbus. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:534-544. 2005 Bermuda Index or Indicator Point Source Discharges
Reichelt-Brushett, A. J. and K. Michalek-Wagner. 2005. Effects of copper on the fertilization success of the soft coral Lobophytum compactum. Aquatic Toxicology 74:280-284. 2005 Australia Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral
Reichelt-Brushett, A. J. and P. L. Harrison. 2005. The effect of selected trace metals on the fertilization success of several scleractinian coral species. Coral Reefs 24:524-534. 2005 Stony Coral
Saphier, A. D. and T. C. Hoffmann. 2005. Forecasting models to quantify three anthropogenic stresses on coral reefs from marine recreation: Anchor damage, diver contact and copper emission from antifouling paint. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:590-598. 2005 Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Seah, C. H., G. Z. You, S. R. Wang, C. Y. Li, and R. Kumar. 2005. Impact of electroplated copper thickness on copper CMP and Cu/Coral™ BEOL integration. Microelectronic Engineering 81:66-74. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring
Sleeter, T. D., J. N. Butler, and J. E. Barbash. 2005. Hydrocarbons in sedimetns fromt eh edge of the bermuda platform. Page 3564 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Victor, S. and R. H. Richmond. 2005. Effect of copper on fertilization success in the reef coral Acropora surculosa. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1448-1451. 2005 Stony Coral
Waycott, M., B. J. Longstaff, and J. Mellors. 2005. Seagrass population dynamics and water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: A review and future research directions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:343-350. 2005 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Toxics
Bastidas, C. and E. M. Garcia. 2004. Sublethal effects of mercury and its distribution in the coral Porites astreoides. Marine Ecology Progress Series 267:133-143. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Blidberg, E. 2004. Effects of copper and decreased salinity on survival rate and development of Tridacna gigas larvae. Marine Environmental Research 58:793-797. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Burns, K. A., P. Greenwood, R. Benner, D. Brinkman, G. Brunskill, S. Codi, and I. Zagorskis. 2004. Organic biomarkers for tracing carbon cycling in the Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea). Continental Shelf Research 24:2373-2394. 2004 Papua New Guinea Carbon Storage & Cycling; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carnell, A. J. H. and M. E. J. Wilson. 2004. Dolomites in SE Asia - Varied origins and implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Geological Society Special Publication 255-300. 2004 Australia; Thailand; Java Review; Model CO2
Cooke, R. R. M., C. L. Hurd, J. M. Lord, B. M. Peake, J. A. Raven, and T. A. V. Rees. 2004. Iron and zinc content of Hormosira banksii in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38:73-85. 2004
Cowdell, S. R. and G. J. Harrison. 2004. Port infrastructure for mine development in remote locations. Pages 621-630 in Port Development in the Changing World, PORTS 2004, Proceedings of the Conference. 2004 Indonesia Infrastructure; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Enachescu, M. E. 2004. Conspicuous deepwater submarine mounds in the northeastern Orphan Basin and on the Orphan Knoll, offshore Newfoundland. Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) 23:1290-1294. 2004 Water Depth & Sea Level
Esslemont, G., R. A. Russell, and W. A. Maher. 2004. Coral record of harbour dredging: Townsville, Australia. Journal of Marine Systems 52:51-64. 2004 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Light; Sediment; Stony Coral
Fletcher, R. 2004. Advanced FCC catalysts for VGO applications. Petroleum Technology Quarterly 9:42-43. 2004 France Index or Indicator
Gardinali, P. R., M. D. Plasencia, and C. Maxey. 2004. Occurrence and transport of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite in coastal waters from South Florida. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49:1072-1083. 2004 Florida Model Algae; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Haasch, M. L., M. F. Johnston, and S. Codi. 2004. Environmental induction of CYP1A- and CYP2K1-like proteins in two tropical fish species by produced formation water on the northwest shelf of Australia. Marine Environmental Research 58:536-537. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs
Inoue, M., A. Suzuki, M. Nohara, H. Kan, A. Edward, and H. Kawahata. 2004. Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: Possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints. Environmental Pollution 129:399-407. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Micronesia Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Jolley, S. J., S. R. Freeman, A. C. Barnicoat, G. M. Phillips, R. J. Knipe, A. Pather, N. P. C. Fox, D. Strydom, M. T. G. Birch, I. H. C. Henderson, and T. W. Rowland. 2004. Structural controls on Witwatersrand gold mineralisation. Journal of Structural Geology 26:1067-1086. 2004 Model; GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Sediment
Jones, R. J. 2004. Testing the 'photoinhibition' model of coral bleaching using chemical inhibitors. Marine Ecology Progress Series 284:133-145. 2004 Model Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Kiriakoulakis, K., B. J. Bett, M. White, and G. A. Wolff. 2004. Organic biogeochemistry of the Darwin Mounds, a deep-water coral ecosystem, of the NE Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 51:1937-1954. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Plankton; Sediment
McCarthy, L. H., R. L. Thomas, and C. I. Mayfield. 2004. Assessing the toxicity of chemically fractionated Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario) sediment using selected aquatic organisms. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 9:89-103. 2004 Sediment
McCutcheon, A. L., G. S. K. Kannangara, M. A. Wilson, and B. Ben-Nissan. 2004. Preliminary analysis of pore distributions using NMR in natural coral and hydrothermally prepared hydroxyapatite. Journal of Materials Science 39:5711-5717. 2004 Australia Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Toxics
Mercurio, P., A. P. Negri, K. A. Burns, and A. J. Heyward. 2004. The ecotoxicology of vegetable versus mineral based lubricating oils: 3. Coral fertilization and adult corals. Environmental Pollution 129:183-194. 2004 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Stony Coral
Mercurio, P., K. A. Burns, and A. Negri. 2004. Testing the ecotoxicology of vegetable versus mineral based lubricating oils: 1. Degradation rates using tropical marine microbes. Environmental Pollution 129:165-173. 2004 Lab Study Mangroves; Microorganisms
Perry, C. T. and K. G. Taylor. 2004. Impacts of bauxite sediment inputs on a carbonate-dominated embayment, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Journal of Coastal Research 20:1070-1079. 2004 Jamaica Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Substrate
Raghunathan, C., R. Sen Gupta, U. Wangikar, and J. Lakhmapurkar. 2004. A record of live corals along the Saurashtra coast of Gujarat, Arabian Sea. Current Science 87:1131-1138. 2004 Plankton; Stony Coral
Reichelt-Brushett, A. J. and P. L. Harrison. 2004. Development of a sublethal test to determine the effects of copper and lead on scleractinian coral larvae. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 47:40-55. 2004 Stony Coral
Stambler, N. and Z. Dubinsky. 2004. Stress effects on metabolism and photosynthesis of hermatypic corals. Pages 195-215 in E. Rosenberg and Y. Loya, editors. Coral health and disease. Springer, Berlin, Germany. 2004 Nutrients; Pathogens; Primary Production; Sediment; Zooxanthellae
Stasiuk, L. D. and M. G. Fowler. 2004. Organic facies in Devonian and Mississippian strata of Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Relation to kerogen type, paleoenvironment, and paleogeography. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 52:234-255. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Index or Indicator Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sumida, P. Y. G., M. Y. Yoshinaga, L.A.S.-P. Madureira, and M. Hovland. 2004. Seabed pockmarks associated with deepwater corals off SE Brazilian continental slope, Santos Basin. Marine Geology 207:159-167. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Worms; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Sun, W. H., J. B. Lo, F. M. Robert, C. Ray, and C.-S. Tang. 2004. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal soils: I. Selection of promising woody plants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 11:260-266. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Military; Remediation; Salinity; Sediment
Tripathi, A. 2004. Princes Royal - Excavation of ancient shipwreck in the Arabian Sea. Current Science 86:1246-1250. 2004 Indian Ocean; India
Allen, J. P., M. Nelson, and A. Alling. 2003. The legacy of biosphere 2 for the study of biospherics and closed ecological systems. Advances in Space Research 31:1629-1639. 2003 Global; Columbia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; CO2; Nutrients; Pathogens; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Banerjee, S., A. Via, S. Joshi, and J. Eklund. 2003. Aqueous cryogenically enhanced post copper CMP cleaning. Pages 329-336 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2003 Cleaner & Solvent Use; CO2
Bartosh, K., E. Brown, S. Naghshineh, D. Peters, and E. Walker. 2003. Low carbon contamination and water mark free post-CMP cleaning of hydrophobic osg dielectrics. Pages 305-311 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2003 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Cleaner & Solvent Use
Bruce, N. L. 2003. Cirolana mercuryi sp. nov., a distinctive cirolanid isopod (Flabellifera) from the corals reefs of Zanzibar, East Africa. Crustaceana 76:1071-1081. 2003 Toxics
Carr, R. S., M. Nipper, and G. S. Plumlee. 2003. Survey of marine contamination from mining-related activities on Marinduque Island, Philippines: Porewater toxicity and chemistry. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 6:369-379. 2003 Philippines Mining; Sea Urchins; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cervino, J. M., R.L. Hayes, M. Honovich, T.J. Goreau, S. Jones, and P.J. Rubec. 2003. Changes in zooxanthellae density, morphology, and mitotic index in hermatypic corals and anemones exposed to cyanide. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:573-586. 2003 Southeast Asia Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Hydrocoral; Microorganisms; Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Cheevaporn, V. and P. Menasveta. 2003. Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:43-51. 2003 Thailand Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Plankton; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
David, C. P. 2003. Heavy metal concentrations in growth bands of corals: A record of mine tailings input through time (Marinduque Island, Philippines). Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:187-196. 2003 Philippines Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Stony Coral
El-Sikaily, A., A. Khaled, A. El Nemr, T. O. Said, and A. M. A. Abd-Alla. 2003. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aliphatics in the Coral Reef Skeleton of the Egyptian Red Sea Coast. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 71:1252-1259. 2003 Egypt
Grant, A. J., K. Graham, S. Frankland, and R. Hinde. 2003. Effect of copper on algal-host interactions in the symbiotic coral Plesiastrea versipora. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 41:383-390. 2003 Algae; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Hansen, L., S. F. Hedtke, and W. R. Munns Jr. 2003. Integrated human and ecological risk assessment: A case study of ultraviolet radiation effects on amphibians, coral, humans, and oceanic primary productivity. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 9:359-377. 2003 Global Light; Toxics
Hovland, M. and M. Risk. 2003. Do Norwegian deep-water coral reefs rely on seeping fluids? Marine Geology 198:83-96. 2003 Norway Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Johnson, J. E. and R. T. Hill. 2003. Sediment microbes of deep-sea bioherms on the northwest shelf of Australia. Microbial Ecology 46:55-61. 2003 Australia Index or Indicator Nutrients; Remediation; Sediment
Jones, R. J. and A. J. Heyward. 2003. The effects of Produced Formation Water (PFW) on coral and isolated symbiotic dinoflagellates of coral. Marine and Freshwater Research 54:153-162. 2003 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Primary Production; Toxics
Karr, J. R. and D. N. Kimberling. 2003. A terrestrial arthropod index of biological integrity for shrub-steppe landscapes. Northwest Science 77:202-213. 2003 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Arthropods; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Toxics
Legros, E. J. 2003. Exploration-Production. The day when peak production will come... [Exploration-Production. Le jour où le pic viendra...]. Pages 57-59 in Petrole et Gaz Informations. 2003 Global; Middle East; Saudi Arabia; Iran; Oman; Europe Schools & Colleges
Mamboya, F. A., H. B. Pratap, and M. Bjork. 2003. Heavy metal contamination in the Western Indian Ocean (a review). Page 1437 in Journal De Physique. IV : JP. 2003 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mauritius; Reunion; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Mawson, R. and J. A. Talent. 2003. Conodont faunas from sequences on or marginal to the Anakie Inlier (Central Queensland, Australia) in relation to Devonian transgressions. Bulletin of Geosciences 78:335-358. 2003 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Middleton, H. and M. W. Wallace. 2003. The evolution of fluid flow systems prior to, during, and post MVT mineralization in the Givetian-Frasnian carbonates of the Emanuel Range, Western Australia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 91-97. 2003 Australia Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Peresypkin, V. I., E. A. Romankevich, and N. A. Belyaev. 2003. Paraffin hydrocarbons and lignin in the bottom sediments of the Blake-Bahama abyssal plain. Oceanology 43:503-511. 2003 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment
Pinheiro, L. M., M. K. Ivanov, A. Sautkin, G. Akhmanov, V. H. Magalhaes, A. Volkonskaya, J. H. Monteiro, L. Somoza, J. Gardner, N. Hamouni, and M. R. Cunha. 2003. Mud volcanism in the Gulf of Cadiz: Results from the TTR-10 cruise. Marine Geology 195:131-151. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Roberts, J. M., D. Long, J. B. Wilson, P. B. Mortensen, and J. D. Gage. 2003. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) and enigmatic seabed mounds along the north-east Atlantic margin: Are they related? Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:20-Jul. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Finfish Harvest; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Smith, L. D., A. P. Negri, E. Philipp, N. S. Webster, and A. J. Heyward. 2003. The effects of antifoulant-paint-contaminated sediments on coral recruits and branchlets. Marine Biology 143:651-657. 2003 Australia Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Wasai, K. and K. Mukai. 2003. Mechanism of formation of amorphous silica inclusion in silicon deoxidized copper. ISIJ International 43:606-611. 2003
Aleksandrov, B. G., G. G. Minicheva, and T. V. Strikalenko. 2002. Ecological aspects of artificial reef construction using scrap tires. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 28:120-126. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Plankton; Substrate
Brown, B. E., C. A. Downs, R. P. Dunne, and S. W. Gibb. 2002. Exploring the basis of thermotolerance in the reef coral Goniastrea aspera. Marine Ecology Progress Series 242:119-129. 2002 Algae; Light; Sea Temperatures
Buonaccorsi, V. P., C. A. Kimbrell, E. A. Lynn, and R. D. Vetter. 2002. Population structure of copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) reflects postglacial colonization and contemporary patterns of larval dispersal. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59:1374-1384. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; Columbia; Pacific Ocean Fish
De Mol, B., P. Van Rensbergen, S. Pillen, K. Van Herreweghe, D. Van Rooij, A. McDonnell, V. Huvenne, M. Ivanov, R. Swennen, and J. P. Henriet. 2002. Large deep-water coral banks in the Porcupine Basin, southwest of Ireland. Marine Geology 188:193-231. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Nutrients; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Downs, C. A., G. Shigenaka, J. E. Fauth, C. E. Robinson, and A. Huang. 2002. Cellular physiological assessment of bivalves after chronic exposure to spilled Exxon Valdez crude oil using a novel molecular diagnostic biotechnology. Environmental Science and Technology 36:2987-2993. 2002 Biotechnology Research & Development; Bivalves
Elfwing, T. and M. Tedengren. 2002. Effects of copper and reduced salinity on grazing activity and macroalgae production: A short-term study on a mollusc grazer, Trochus maculatus, and two species of macroalgae in the inner Gulf of Thailand. Marine Biology 140:913-919. 2002 Thailand Index or Indicator Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs; Primary Production; Salinity; Stony Coral
Freiwald, A., V. Huhnerbach, B. Lindberg, J. B. Wilson, and J. Campbell. 2002. The Sula Reef Complex, Norwegian shelf. Facies 179-200. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA)
Gu, J., J. Jia, and H. Fang. 2002. Reservoir characteristics and genesis of high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirs in Tarim Basin. Chinese Science Bulletin 47:19-Dec. 2002
Guzman, H. M. and E. M. Garcia. 2002. Mercury levels in coral reefs along the Caribbean coast of Central America. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1415-1420. 2002 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Toxics
Haynes, D. and D. Loong. 2002. Antifoulant (butyltin and copper) concentrations in sediments from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia. Environmental Pollution 120:391-396. 2002 Australia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Docks & Marinas; Large Ships; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Haynes, D., C. Christie, P. Marshall, and K. Dobbs. 2002. Antifoulant concentrations at the site of the Bunga Teratai Satu grounding, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:968-972. 2002 Australia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Hrussanova, A., L. Mirkova, and TS . Dobrev. 2002. Electrochemical properties of Pb-Sb, Pb-Ca-Sn and Pb-Co3O4 anodes in copper electrowinning. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 32:505-512. 2002
Imam, M. B. and M. Hussain. 2002. A review of hydrocarbon habitats in Bangladesh. Journal of Petroleum Geology 25:31-52. 2002 Indian Ocean; India Review Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment
Juneau, P., A. E. Berdey, and R. Popovic. 2002. PAM fluorometry in the determination of the sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to copper. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 42:155-164. 2002 Oman
Kusumastuti, A., P. Van Rensbergen, and J. K. Warren. 2002. Seismic sequence analysis and reservoir potential of drowned Miocene carbonate platforms in the Madura Strait, East Java, Indonesia. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 86:213-232. 2002 Java; Indonesia Sediment
Mokhtar, M. B., A. B. Awaluddin, A. K. Wood, and C. P. Sim. 2002. Mercury in Malaysian corals: Historical recorders for marine environmental management. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 11:1053-1058. 2002 Malaysia Sediment; Stony Coral; Toxics
Montagna, P. A., S. C. Jarvis, and M. C. Kennicutt II. 2002. Distinguishing between contaminant and reef effects on meiofauna near offshore hydrocarbon platforms in the Gulf of Mexico. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59:1584-1592. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat
Negri, A. P., L. D. Smith, N. S. Webster, and A. J. Heyward. 2002. Understanding ship-grounding impacts on a coral reef: Potential effects of anti-foulant paint contamination on coral recruitment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:111-117. 2002 Australia Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Sediment; Stony Coral
Ogola, J. S., W. V. Mitullah, and M. A. Omulo. 2002. Impact of gold mining on the environment and human health: A case study in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 24:141-158. 2002 Kenya Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Pingitore Jr., N. E., A. Iglesias, A. Bruce, F. Lytle, and G. M. Wellington. 2002. Valences of iron and copper in coral skeleton: X-Ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. Microchemical Journal 71:205-210. 2002 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Stony Coral
Ramesh, R., R. Purvaja, S. Ramesh, and R. A. James. 2002. Historical pollution trends in costal environments of India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 79:151-176. 2002 India Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roberts, J. M. and R. M. Anderson. 2002. A new laboratory method for monitoring deep-water coral polyp behaviour. Hydrobiologia 471:143-148. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sayer, M. D. J. and M. S. P. Baine. 2002. Rigs to reefs: A critical evaluation of the potential for reef development using decommissioned rigs. Underwater Technology 25:93-97. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Fishing Sector
Schroeder, W. W. 2002. Observations of Lophelia pertusa and the surficial geology at a deep-water site in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Hydrobiologia 471:29-33. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Substrate
Sherman, A. G., N. P. James, and G. M. Narbonne. 2002. Evidence for reversal of basin polarity during carbonate ramp development in the Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin, Baffin Island. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39:519-538. 2002 Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sternhell, G., P. D. Taylor, and D. Itzhak. 2002. Galvanic effects of various metallic couples on marine biofouling in a coral reef environment. Corrosion Reviews 20:453-468. 2002 Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Worms; Tunicates
Wasai, K., K. Mukai, and A. Miyanaga. 2002. Observation of inclusion in aluminum deoxidized iron. ISIJ International 42:459-466. 2002
Alutoin, S., J. Boberg, M. Nystrom, and M. Tedengren. 2001. Effects of the multiple stressors copper and reduced salinity on the metabolism of the hermatypic coral Porites lutea. Marine Environmental Research 52:289-299. 2001 Thailand Primary Production; Salinity; Stony Coral
Bedir, M., N. Boukadi, S. Tlig, F. B. Timzal, L. Zitouni, R. Alouani, F. Slimane, C. Bobier, and F. Zargouni. 2001. Subsurface Mesozoic basins in the central Atlas of Tunisia: Tectonics, Sequence deposit distribution, and hydrocarbon potential. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 85:885-907. 2001 Model Sediment
Bett, B. J. 2001. UK atlantic margin environmental survey: Introduction and overview of bathyal benthic ecology. Continental Shelf Research 21:917-956. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Industry; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bingham, B. L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81-251. 2001 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Bourque, P.-A. 2001. Sea level, synsedimentary tectonics, and reefs: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration in the Silurian-lowermost Devonian gaspe belt, Quebec Appalachians. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 49:217-237. 2001 Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bourque, P.-A., M. M. Savard, G. Chi, and P. Dansereau. 2001. Diagenesis and porosity evolution of the upper Silurian-lowermost Devonian West Point reef limestone, eastern gaspe belt, Quebec appalachians. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 49:299-326. 2001
Dansereau, P. and P.-A. Bourque. 2001. The neigette breccia: Remnant of the west point reef tract in the Matapedia valley area, and witness of Late Silurian synsedimentary faulting, gaspe belt, northern appalachians, Quebec. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 49:327-345. 2001 Sediment
Fowler, M. G., L. D. Stasiuk, M. Hearn, and M. Obermajer. 2001. Devonian hydrocarbon source rocks and their derived oils in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 49:117-148. 2001 Columbia Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gilbert, A. L. and H. M. Guzman. 2001. Bioindication potential of carbonic anhydrase activity in anemones and corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:742-744. 2001 Panama Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Hu, M., Z. Wen, C. Xiao, W. Gong, S. Zhang, and Z. Yao. 2001. Depositional system and potential of hydrocarbon generation of upper Jurassic Suowa formation in Qiangtang basin. Jianghan Shiyou Xueyuan Xuebao/Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute 23:8-May. 2001 Sediment
Insalaco, E. 2001. Reservoir characterisation of late Jurassic reefal carbonates: An overview. Geologie Mediterraneenne 28:93-97. 2001 Middle East; Europe Model Sediment
Li, Q. X., A. E. Karu, K. Li, and S. Thomas. 2001. Refinement of Immunochemical Methods for Environmental Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Pages 379-396 in ACS Symposium Series. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator CO2; Remediation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McFall, D. 2001. Finally! Engine Oil Tiers. Lubes-n-Greases 7. 2001 Octocoral
Meric, E. and Gormus. 2001. The genus Loftusia. Micropaleontology 47:Jan-73. 2001 Middle East Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Salinity; Sediment; Substrate
Miao, X. S., L. Ann Woodward, C. Swenson, and Q. X. Li. 2001. Comparative concentrations of metals in marine species from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1049-1054. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Apex Fish Predators; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Sediment; Toxics
Morgan, M. B., D. L. Vogelien, and T. W. Snell. 2001. Assessing coral stress responses using molecular biomarkers of gene transcription. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20:537-543. 2001 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Negri, A. P. and A. J. Heyward. 2001. Inhibition of coral fertilisation and larval metamorphosis by tributyltin and copper. Marine Environmental Research 51:17-27. 2001 Lab Study Stony Coral
Noad, J. 2001. The Gomantong Limestone of eastern Borneo: A sedimentological comparison with the near-contemporaneous Luconia Province. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:273-302. 2001 Oman Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Sediment
Nystrom, M., I. Nordemar, and M. Tedengren. 2001. Simultaneous and sequential stress from increased temperature and copper on the metabolism of the hermatypic coral Porites cylindrica. Marine Biology 138:1225-1231. 2001 Index or Indicator Primary Production; Stony Coral
Peckmann, J., E. Gischler, W. Oschmann, and J. Reitner. 2001. An Early Carboniferous seep community and hydrocarbon-derived carbonates from the Harz Mountains, Germany. Geology 29:271-274. 2001 Germany Bivalves; Microorganisms
Potma, K., P. K. Wong, J. A. W. Weissenberger, and M. G. Gilhooly. 2001. Toward a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Frasnian of the Western Canada Basin. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 49:37-85. 2001 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Webster, N. S., R. I. Webb, M. J. Ridd, R. T. Hill, and A. P. Negri. 2001. The effects of copper on the microbial community of a coral reef sponge. Environmental Microbiology 3:19-31. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Sponges
Wilson, S., K. Burns, and S. Codi. 2001. Identifying sources of organic matter in sediments from a detritivorous coral reef fish territory. Organic Geochemistry 32:1257-1269. 2001 Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment
Zdnowski, P., A. Baszkiewicz, and Z. Gregosiewicz. 2001. Facies analysis of the uppermost Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous deposits in the Zagorzyce region (southern Poland) [Analiza facjalna utworow najwyzszej jury i kredy dolnej rejonu Zagorzyc]. Przeglad Geologiczny 49:161-178. 2001 Poland Sediment
Cavanagh, J. E., K. A. Burns, G. J. Brunskill, D. A. J. Ryan, and J. T. Ahokas. 2000. Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 1A in Pikey Bream (Acanthopagrus berda) collected from agricultural and urban catchments in Far North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:377-384. 2000 Australia Index or Indicator Agriculture; Boating Activities; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Esslemont, G. 2000. Development and comparison of methods for measuring heavy metal concentrations in coral tissues. Marine Chemistry 69:69-74. 2000 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Stony Coral
Esslemont, G. 2000. Heavy metals in seawater, marine sediments and corals from the Townsville section, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland. Marine Chemistry 71:215-231. 2000 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Esslemont, G., V. J. Harriott, and D. M. McConchie. 2000. Variability of trace-metal concentrations within and between colonies of Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:637-642. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Falter, J. L. and F. J. Sansone. 2000. Shallow pore water sampling in reef sediments. Coral Reefs 19:93-97. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Sediment; Substrate
Fritz, D. A., T. W. Belsher, J. M. Medlin, J. L. Stubbs, R. P. Wright, and P. M. Harris. 2000. New exploration concepts for the Edwards and Sligo margins, Cretaceous of onshore Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 84:905-922. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring
Gorski, M., D. Gierszewska, E. Krol, H. Urbanska, and W. Wilk. 2000. Lithofacies interpretation of 3D seismic data: Key to success in the Zechstein Limestone reefs detection in the Permian Basin (on example of the Kościan Reef - Western Poland) [Interpretacja litofacjalna danych sejsmiki 3D kluczem do sukcesu w detekcji c. Przeglad Geologiczny 48:137-150. 2000 Poland Sediment
Gosmano, J. and D. Pike. 2000. Crowded energy e-trading arena grows with TradeSpark offering. Natural Gas Week 16:2. 2000 Internet & Telecommunications; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Toxics
Haynes, D. and J. E. Johnson. 2000. Organochlorine, heavy metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:267-278. 2000 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Haynes, D. and K. Michalek-Wagner. 2000. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Past perspectives, current issues and new research directions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:428-434. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics
Hill, C. A. 2000. Overview of the geologic history of cave development in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 62:60-71. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Sponges
House, M. R., V. V. Menner, R. T. Becker, G. Klapper, N. S. Ovnatanova, and V. Kuzmin. 2000. Reef episodes, anoxia and sea-level changes in the Frasnian of the southern Timan (NE Russian Platform). Geological Society Special Publication 147-176. 2000 Global; Australia; Oman; Europe
Myers, M. and M. Whittington. 2000. Mozambique. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 99-112. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Madagascar; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Negri, A. P. and A. J. Heyward. 2000. Inhibition of fertilization and larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) by petroleum products. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:420-427. 2000 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Obermajer, M., M. G. Fowler, L. R. Snowdon, and R. W. Macqueen. 2000. Compositional variability of crude oils and source kerogen in the Silurian carbonate-evaporite sequences of the eastern Michigan Basin, Ontario, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 48:307-322. 2000
Reichelt-Brushett, A. J. and P. L. Harrison. 2000. The effect of copper on the settlement success of larvae from the scleractinian coral Acropora tenuis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:385-391. 2000 Australia Stony Coral
Richardson, B. J., P. K. S. Lam, and R. S. S. Wu. 2000. Hong Kong. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 535-547. 2000 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Roussis, V., C. Vagias, C. Tsitsimpikou, and N. Diamantopoulou. 2000. Chemical variability of the volatile metabolites from the caribbean corals of the genus Gorgonia. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences 55:431-441. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Octocoral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sabti, H., M. M. Hossain, R. R. Brooks, and R. B. Stewart. 2000. The current environmental impact of base-metal mining at the Tui Mine, Te Aroha, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30:197-207. 2000 Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sheehy Daniel, J. 2000. Developing methods for assessing contaminant bioavailability on a coral atoll. Pages 509-515 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2000 Marshall Islands Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Fish; Military; Ports & Harbors
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Red Sea. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 35-45. 2000 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies
Simo, J. A. and P. J. Lehmann. 2000. Diagenetic history of Pipe Creek Jr. Reef, Silurian, North-Central Indiana, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 70:937-951. 2000 India Sediment
Takikawa, H., M. Yatsuki, R. Miyano, M. Nagayama, T. Sakakibara, S. Itoh, and Y. Ando. 2000. Amorphous carbon fibrilliform nanomaterials prepared by chemical vapor deposition. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers 39:5177-5179. 2000 Substrate
Thomas, S. D. and Q. X. Li. 2000. Immunoaffinity chromatography for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in corals. Environmental Science and Technology 34:2649-2654. 2000 CO2; Stony Coral
Tuya, F. C., M. L. Soboil, and J. Kido. 2000. An assessment of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:1218-1226. 2000 China Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
Wilson, M. E. J., D. W. J. Bosence, and A. Limbong. 2000. Tertiary syntectonic carbonate platform development in Indonesia. Sedimentology 47:395-419. 2000 Indonesia Model; GIS & Maps Forestry; Sediment
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Yasumoto, M., K. Mada, T. Ooi, and T. Kusumi. 2000. New terpenoid components from the volatile oils of the soft corals Clavularia viridis and Sarcophyton acutangulum. Journal of Natural Products 63:1534-1536. 2000 Octocoral
[No author name available]. 1999. Digging for oil: An economic petroleum source is being exploited on Queensland's coast. Chemical Engineer 686:22. 1999 Global; Australia Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mining Policies; Sediment
Alam, H., D. W. Paterson, N. Syarifuddin, I. Busono, and S. G. Corbin. 1999. Reservoir potential of carbonate rocks in the Kutai Basin region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17:203-214. 1999 Indonesia Review Algae; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bett, B. J. 1999. RRS Charles Darwin Cruise 112C, 19 May-24 Jun 1998. Atlantic Margin Environmental Survey: Seabed survey of deep-water areas (17(th) round tranches) to the north and west of Scotland. Cruise Report of the Southampton Oceanography Centre 25:1-171. 1999 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Britain Field Study & Monitoring Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cavicchioli, R., F. Fegatella, M. Ostrowski, M. Eguchi, and J. Gottschal. 1999. Sphingomonads from marine environments. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 23:268-272. 1999 Review Nutrients
Corsi, S.R., Breb, S.R., R.T. Bannerman and R.e. Pitt. 1999. Evaluation of the Multi-chambered Treatment Train, a Retrofit Water Quality Management Practice, USGS Open File Report 99-270, Middleton, WI. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hall, L. W., J. M. Giddings, K. R. Solomon, and R. Balcomb. 1999. An ecological risk assessment for the use of Irgarol 1051 as an algaecide for antifoulant paints. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 29:367-437. 1999 Europe Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Boating Regulations; Chemical Use Regulations; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Invertebrates; Nutrients; Primary Production; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation
Jones, R. J., T. Kildea, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 1999. PAM chlorophyll fluorometry: A new in situ technique for stress assessment in scleractinian corals, used to examine the effects of cyanide from cyanide fishing. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:864-874. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Kiessling, W., E. Flugel, and J. Golonka. 1999. Paleoreef maps: Evaluation of a comprehensive database on Phanerozoic reefs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 83:1552-1587. 1999 GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Sediment
Lehmann, C., D. A. Osleger, I. P. Montanez, W. Sliter, A. Arnaud-Vanneau, and J. Banner. 1999. Evolution of Cupido and Coahuila carbonate platforms, early Cretaceous, northeastern Mexico. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 111:1010-1029. 1999 Global; South & Central America; Oman; Mexico GIS & Maps Sediment
Li, Q. X., K. Li, S. Thomas, and H. Li. 1999. Application of immunochemical methods for the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. in ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts. 1999 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mikhail, W. Z. A., S. A. K. Abo-Hegab, and M. S. A. Ammar. 1999. Distribution of reef-building corals at some locations of the Red Sea, Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East 17:109-119. 1999 Egypt Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Mountjoy, E. W., D. Green, H. G. Machel, J. Duggan, and A. E. Williams-Jones. 1999. Devonian matrix dolomites and deep burial carbonate cements: A comparison between the Rimbey-Meadowbrook reef trend and the deep basin of west-central Alberta. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 47:487-509. 1999 Sediment
Nixon, L. D., B. J. Bascle, and D. A. Marin. 1999. Offshore Atlas Project: Methodology and results. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:211-212. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Oil & Gas Industry; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Purdy, E. G. and D. Waltham. 1999. Reservoir implications of modern karst topography. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 83:1774-1794. 1999 Jamaica; China; Java Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Racey, A., J. G. S. Goodall, and D. G. Quirk. 1999. Palynological and geochemical analysis of carboniferous borehole and outcrop samples from the Isle of Man. Journal of Petroleum Geology 22:349-362. 1999 Algae; Sediment
Rees, J. G., D. Setiapermana, V. A. Sharp, J. M. Weeks, and T. M. Williams. 1999. Evaluation of the impacts of land-based contaminants on the benthic faunas of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Oceanologica Acta 22:627-640. 1999 Java; Indonesia Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral
Reichelt-Brushett, A. J. and P. L. Harrison. 1999. The effect of copper, zinc and cadmium on fertilization success of gametes from scleractinian reef corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:182-187. 1999 Australia Stony Coral
Tarasov, V. G., A. V. Gebruk, V. M. Shulkin, G. M. Kamenev, V. I. Fadeev, V. N. Kosmynin, V. V. Malakhov, D. A. Starynin, and A. I. Obzhirov. 1999. Effect of shallow-water hydrothermal venting on the biota of Matupi Harbour (Rabaul Caldera, New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea). Continental Shelf Research 19:79-116. 1999 Papua New Guinea; Britain Model Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges
Thiel, V., A. Jenisch, G. Worheide, A. Lowenberg, J. Reitner, and W. Michaelis. 1999. Mid-chain branched alkanoic acids from 'living fossil' demosponges: A link to ancient sedimentary lipids? Organic Geochemistry 30:14-Jan. 1999 Australia Microorganisms; Sediment; Sponges
Voulvoulis, N., M. D., Scrimshaw, and J. N. Lester. 1999. Altermative antifouling biocides. Applied Organometallic Chemistry 13:135-143. 1999 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Small Boats
Aguayo-Camargo, J. E. 1998. The middle cretaceous El Abra Limestone at its type locality (facies, diagenesis and oil emplacement), east-central Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas 15:8-Jan. 1998 South & Central America; Oman; Mexico Plankton; Sediment
Apte, S. C. and G. M. Day. 1998. Dissolved metal concentrations in the Torres Strait and Gulf of Papua. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36:298-304. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Papua New Guinea Surface & Groundwater Flow
Apte, S. C., G. E. Batley, R. Szymczak, P. S. Rendell, R. Lee, and T. D. Waite. 1998. Baseline trace metal concentrations in New South Wales coastal waters. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:203-214. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Surface & Groundwater Flow
Buick, R., B. Rasmussen, and B. Krapez. 1998. Archean oil: Evidence for extensive hydrocarbon generation and migration 2.5-3.5 Ga. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 82:50-69. 1998 Australia; South Africa Microorganisms; Sediment
Duan, Y., J. Song, M. Cui, and B. Luo. 1998. Organic geochemical studies of sinking particulate material in China sea area (I) - Organic matter fluxes and distributional features of hydrocarbon compounds and fatty acids. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 41:208-214. 1998 China Plankton; Sediment
Fraser, I. and R. H. Bruce. 1998. Petroleum developments in Western Australia. Pages 777-783 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1998 Australia Review Infrastructure; Oil & Gas Industry; Pipelines
Gardinali, P. R. and T. L. Wade. 1998. Contribution of PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/PCDFs to the total induction equivalents (ΣIEs) in mollusks. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:27-31. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Bivalves; Molluscs
Gittings, S. R. 1998. Reef community stability on the Flower Garden Banks, northwest Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:161-169. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Gordeeva, A. O. and A. V. Khomenko. 1998. New data on stratigraphy and lithofacies regioning of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician deposits in the Southern Tunguska oil- and gas-bearing region. Geologiya i Geofizika 39:131-135. 1998
Gray, G. J., S. R. Lawrence, K. Kenyon, and C. Cornford. 1998. Nature and origin of 'carbon' in the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Journal of the Geological Society 155:39-59. 1998 South Africa Model; GIS & Maps Sediment
Hovland, M., P. B. Mortensen, T. Brattegard, P. Strass, and K. Rokoengen. 1998. Ahermatypic coral banks off mid-Norway: Evidence for a link with seepage of light hydrocarbons. Palaios 13:189-200. 1998 Norway Model; GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
McGehee, M. A. 1998. Comparisons of water motion in coral reefs by measuring corrosion rates of dissimilar metals. Caribbean Journal of Science 34:286-297. 1998 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Seawater Flow
Nieland, D. L., C. A. Wilson, J. W. Fleeger, B. Sun, R. F. Malone, and S. Chen. 1998. Preliminary evaluation of the use of phosphogypsum for reef substrate. I. A laboratory study of bioaccumulation of radium and six heavy metals in an aquatic food chain. Chemistry and Ecology 305-319. 1998 Lab Study Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
Perdomo, L., I. Ensminger, L. F. Espinosa, C. Elsters, M. Wallner-Kersanach, and M.-L. Schnetter. 1998. The mangrove ecosystem of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia): observations on regeneration and trace metals in sediment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:393-403. 1998 Mangroves; Salinity; Sediment
Pitt, R.; Robertson, B.; and Field, R. 1998. Innovative Multi-Chambered Stormwater Control Device for Critical Source Areas. Proc. Adv. in Urban Wet Weather Pollut. Reduction , Cleveland, Ohio, WEF (CP3805), 141. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies
Price, A. R. G. 1998. Impact of the 1991 Gulf War on the coastal environment and ecosystems: Current status and future prospects. Environment International 24:91-96. 1998 Review; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Ruffell, A. H., N. R. Moles, and J. Parnell. 1998. Characterisation and prediction of sediment-hosted ore deposits using sequence stratigraphy. Ore Geology Reviews 12:207-223. 1998 Model Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Schwark, L., M. Vliex, and P. Schaeffer. 1998. Geochemical characterization of Malm Zeta laminated carbonates from the Franconian Alb, SW-Germany (II). Organic Geochemistry 29:1921-1952. 1998 Oman; Germany Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Salinity
[No author name available]. 1997. Special Issue: 5th symposium on our environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:1-615. 1997 Global; Malaysia; Southeast Asia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bachu, S. 1997. Flow of formation waters, aquifer characteristics, and their relation to hydrocarbon accumulations, Northern Alberta Basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 81:712-733. 1997 Discharges; Oil & Gas Industry; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bacud, J., A. Moore, and C.-S. Lee. 1997. Tectonic structure and petroleum potential of Tayabas Bay southeast Luzon, Philippines. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 15:195-215. 1997 Australia; Philippines
Barry, G. A. and G. E. Rayment. 1997. Heavy metals and nutrients in soils and sediments of Raine Island, Great Barrier Reef. Pages 281-285 in Land Contamination and Reclamation. 1997 Australia; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Nutrients; Sediment
Chandramohan, D. 1997. Recent advances in marine microbiology: The Indian scenario. Journal of Marine Biotechnology 5:73-81. 1997 India Review Algae; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pathogens
Chicu, S. A. and S. Berking. 1997. Interference with metamorphosis inductionn in the marine cnidaria Hydractinia echinata (hydrazoa): a structure-activity relationship analysis of lower alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, thiophenes, tributyl tin and crude oil. Chemosphere 34:1851-1866. 1997 China
Diegor, W. G., P. C. Momongan, and E. J. M. Diegor. 1997. Notes on the geochemical dispersion of elements in the beach sediments along the coast west of the Atlas Mines, Visayas, Philippines. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 15:285-294. 1997 Philippines Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Flammang, P., M. Warnau, A. Temara, D. J. W. Lane, and M. Jangoux. 1997. Heavy metals in Diadema setosum (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from Singapore coral reefs. Journal of Sea Research 38:35-45. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Sea Urchins; Sediment
Goh, B. P. L. and L. M. Chou. 1997. Effects of the heavy metals copper and zinc on zooxanthellae cells in culture. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:19-Nov. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Zooxanthellae
Hovland, M. and E. Thomsen. 1997. Cold-water corals - Are they hydrocarbon seep related? Marine Geology 137:159-164. 1997 Norway Sediment
J. R. Maxted, S. B. Weisberg, J. C. Chaillou, R. A. Eskin, F. W. Kutz. 1997. The Ecological Condition of Dead-End Canals of the Delaware and Maryland Coastal Bays. Estuaries 20:319-327. 1997 Boating Activities; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Housing; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Sediment
Jones, R. J. 1997. Zooxanthellae loss as a bioassay for assessing stress in corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 149:163-171. 1997 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Lidz, B. H., E. A. Shinn, A. C. Hine, and S. D. Locker. 1997. Contrasts within an outlier-reef system: Evidence for differential quaternary evolution, south Florida windward margin, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research 13:711-731. 1997 Florida GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Major Mark, R. P. and H. Holtz. 1997. Predicting reservoir quality at the development scale: Methods for quantifying remaining hydrocarbon resource in diagenetically complex carbonate reservoirs. AAPG Memoir 231-248. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Algae
Mercier, A., E. Pelletier, and J.-F. Hamel. 1997. Effects of butyltins on the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pallida (Verrill). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 215:289-304. 1997 Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Microorganisms; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Peters, E.C., N.J. Gassman, J.C. Firman, R.H. Richmonds, E.A. Power. 1997. Ecotoxicology of Tropical Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:12-40. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Pitt, R., Robertson, B. Barron, P., Ayyoubi, A. and S. Clark . 1997. Stormwater Treatment At Critical Areas Vol. 1: The Multi-Chambered Treatment Train (MCTT), USEPA Cooperative Agreement No. CR 819573 . 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rougerie, F., C. Jehl, and J. Trichet. 1997. Phosphorus pathways in atolls: Interstitial nutrient pool, cyanobacterial accumulation and Carbonate-Fluoro-Apatite (CFA) precipitation. Marine Geology 139:201-217. 1997 Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Nutrients
Rowins, S. M., D. I. Groves, N. J. McNaughton, M. R. Palmer, and C. S. Eldridge. 1997. A reinterpretation of the role of granitoids in the genesis of neoproterozoic gold mineralization in the Telfer Dome, Western Australia. Economic Geology 92:133-160. 1997 Australia Model Sediment
Rumbold, D. G. and S. C. Snedaker. 1997. Evaluation of bioassays to monitor surface microlayer toxicity in tropical marine waters. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 32:135-140. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Echinoderms; Piscivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Scott, P. J. B. and M. Davies. 1997. Retroactive determination of industrial contaminants in tropical marine communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34:975-980. 1997 Maldives; Java; Indonesia Stony Coral
Trichet, J. and A. Fikri. 1997. Organic matter in the genesis of high-island atoll peloidal phosphorites: The lagoonal link. Journal of Sedimentary Research 67:891-897. 1997 Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms
Bishop, W. F. and G. Debono. 1996. The hydrocarbon geology of southern offshore Malta and surrounding regions. Journal of Petroleum Geology 19:129-159. 1996
Coultas, C. L., T. J. Post, J. B. Jones Jr., and Y. P. Hsieh. 1996. Use of velvet bean to improve soil fertility and weed control in corn production in Northern Belize. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 27:2171-2196. 1996 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients
Downey Marlan, W. 1996. Understanding the value of 3-D seismic for exploration. Pages 27-28 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1996
Flathman Paul, E., L. Laski Mary, R. Trausch Jason, H. Carson Jr. John, M. Woodhull Patrick, E. Jerger Douglas, and R. Lear Paul. 1996. Effect of micronutrient addition on the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated coral sand at a U.S. Navy facility on Midway Island in the Pacific. in Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Coastal Defense; Military; Nutrients; Remediation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Homewood, P. W. 1996. The carbonate feedback system: Interaction between stratigraphic accommodation, ecological succession and the carbonate factory [Le systeme de feed-back des carbonate: Une interaction entre accommodation stratigraphique, succession ecologique et l'usine. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 167:701-715. 1996 Oman; France Model Climate; Nutrients; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Karnkowski, P. H. 1996. Thermal history and hydrocarbon generation in the area of dobrzyca structure (Western Pomerania, Poland) [Historia termiczna a generacja wȩglowodorow w rejonie struktury Dobrzycy (Pomorze Zachodnie)]. Przeglad Geologiczny 44:349-357. 1996 Poland Model
Laurenti-Ribaud, A. and J.-P. Masse. 1996. Geometry and dynamics of a bioclastic and coral complex the Barremian limestones of the Saint-Chamas region (Bouches-du-Rhone, France) [Geometrie et dynamique d'un complexe bioclastique et corallien: Les calcaires barremiens de la region de Saint-Cham. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de Sciences - Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes 322:33-38. 1996 France Model Sediment
Murie, D. J. 1996. Comparative feeding ecology of two sympatric rockfish congeners, Sebastes caurinus (copper rockfish) and S. maliger (quillback rockfish). Marine Biology 124:341-353. 1996 Columbia Fish
Peachey, R. L. and D. G. Crosby. 1996. Phototoxicity in tropical reef animals. Marine Environmental Research 42:359-362. 1996 Lab Study Arthropods; Light; Molluscs
Readman, J. W., I. Tolosa, A. T. Law, J. Bartocci, S. Azemard, T. Hamilton, L. D. Mee, A. Wagener, M. Le Tissieri, C. Roberts, N. Downing, and A. R. G. Price. 1996. Discrete bands of petroleum hydrocarbons and molecular organic markers identified within massive coral skeletons. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32:437-443. 1996 Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Iran Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Stony Coral
Rostron, B. J. and J. Toth. 1996. Ascending fluid plumes above devonian pinnacle reefs: Numerical modeling and field example from West-Central Alberta, Canada. AAPG Memoir 185-201. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Petroleum Spills; Seawater Flow
Sadiq, M., A. A. Mian, and A. P. Saji. 1996. Metal bioaccumulation by sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) from the Saudi Coastal areas of Arabian Gulf: 2. Cadmium, copper, chromium, barium, calcium, and strontium. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 57:964-971. 1996 Sea Urchins
Zann, L. P. 1996. The state of the Marine Environment Report for Australia (SOMER): Process, findings and perspectives. Ocean and Coastal Management 33:63-86. 1996 Global; Australia Invasive Species; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Bridges, P. H., P. Gutteridge, and N. A. H. Pickard. 1995. The environmental setting of Early Carboniferous mud-mounds. Pages 171-190 Carbonate mud-mounds: their origin and evolution. 1995 Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Clarke, J. W. 1995. Petroleum potential of the Amu Dar'ya Province, western Uzbekistan and eastern Turkmenistan. International Geology Review 36:407-415. 1995
Corsi, R. L., S. Birkett, H. Melcer, and J. Bell. 1995. Control of VOC emissions from sewers: A multi-parameter assessment. Water Science and Technology 31:147-157. 1995 Model Discharges; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Deslarzes, K. J. P., P. N. Boothe, B. J. Presley, and G. L. Steinmentz. 1995. Historical incorporation of barium in the reef building coral Montastrea annularis at the Flower Garden Banks, north-west Gulf of Mexico. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30:718-722. 1995 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Hathway, B. 1995. Deposition and diagenesis of Miocene arc-fringing platform and debris-apron carbonates, southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji. Sedimentary Geology 94:187-208. 1995 Fiji Sediment
Hettler, J. 1995. Heavy metal contamination of an island ecosystem: Misima Island, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 21:73-88. 1995 Papua New Guinea Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sediment
Huang, H. and C. J. Forsyth. 1995. Anti selective spirocarbomercuration: Synthesis and stereochemistry of the spirobicyclic sesquiterpenes spirojatamol and erythrodiene. Journal of Organic Chemistry 60:2773-2779. 1995 South & Central America; India; Caribbean Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nyagah, K. 1995. Stratigraphy, depositional history and environments of deposition of Cretaceous through Tertiary strata in the Lamu Basin, southeast Kenya and implications for reservoirs for hydrocarbon exploration. Sedimentary Geology 96:43-71. 1995 Indian Ocean; Kenya; Madagascar; India Sediment
Rigo, F. 1995. Overlooked Tunisia reef play may have giant field potential. Oil and Gas Journal 93:56-60. 1995 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Rillera, F. G. 1995. Independent focuses Philippines exploration on Visayan Basin. Oil and Gas Journal 93:68-73. 1995 Philippines Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Hovland, M., P. F. Croker, and M. Martin. 1994. Fault-associated seabed mounds (carbonate knolls?) off western Ireland and north-west Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 11:232-246. 1994 Australia Calcareous Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Park, D. L. 1994. Evolution of methods for assessing ciguatera toxins in fish. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 136:20-Jan. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Roberts, H. H. and P. Aharon. 1994. Hydrocarbon-derived carbonate buildups of the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope: A review of submersible investigations. Geo-Marine Letters 14:135-148. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Review Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rodd, J. 1994. New reef exploration targets in Fiji, Southwest Pacific. Oil and Gas Journal 92:86-93. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji; Southeast Asia
Saenger, P. 1994. Cleaning up the Arabian Gulf: aftermath of an oil spill. Search 25:19-22. 1994 Australia; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Iran Petroleum Spills
Sassen, R., G. A. Cole, R. Drozd, and H. H. Roberts. 1994. Oligocene to Holocene hydrocarbon migration and salt-dome carbonates, northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine and Petroleum Geology 11:55-65. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Microorganisms
Slegrist, R. L., T. J. Phelps, N. E. Korte, and D. A. Pickering. 1994. Characterization and biotreatability of petroleum contaminated soils in a coral Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 1:757-773. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Marshall Islands Field Study & Monitoring Microorganisms; Nutrients; Remediation; Sediment
Burns, K. A., M. G. Ehrhardt, B. L. Howes, and C. D. Taylor. 1993. Subtidal benthic community respiration and production near the heavily oiled Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:199-205. 1993 Saudi Arabia Algae; Light; Petroleum Spills; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Gable, F. J. 1993. Marine habitats: selected environmental and ecological charts. Pages 217-261 Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 GIS & Maps Molluscs; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Guzman, H. M. and I. Holst. 1993. Effects of chronic oil-sediment pollution on the reproduction of the Caribbean reef coral Siderastrea siderea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 26:276-282. 1993 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral
Mresah, M. H. 1993. Facies patterns and stratal geometries: clues to the nature of the platform margin during the Paleocene, northeast Sirte Basin, Libya. Sedimentary Geology 84:149-167. 1993 Water Depth & Sea Level
Pathirana, C., W. Fenical, E. Corcoran, and J. Clardy. 1993. Erythrodiene: A new spirobicyclic sesquiterpene of a rare skeletal class from the Caribbean gorgonian coral Erythropodium caribaeorum. Tetrahedron Letters 34:3371-3372. 1993 South & Central America; Caribbean Octocoral
R., SK EA TE. 1993. Mediterranean coral: its use and exchange in and around the Alpine region during the later Neolithic and Copper Age. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 12:281-292. 1993
Ross, D. J. and P. W. Skelton. 1993. Rudist formations of the Cretaceous: a palaeoecological, sedimentological and stratigraphical review. Pages 73-91 Sedimentology review/1. 1993 Review Sediment
Stasiuk, L. D. 1993. Algal bloom episodes and the formation of bituminite and micrinite in hydrocarbon source rocks: evidence from the Devonian and Mississippian, northern Williston Basin, Canada. International Journal of Coal Geology 24:195-210. 1993 Index or Indicator Algae; Microorganisms; Sediment
Andreason, M. W. 1992. Coastal siliciclastic sabkhas and related evaporative environments of the Permian Yates Formation, North Ward-Estes field, Ward County, Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 76:1735-1759. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring Water Depth & Sea Level
Gittings, S. 1992. Historica data on Gulf of Mexico reef shows compatibility with drilling, production. OFFSHORE, INCORPORATING THE OILMAN 52:33-34+36. 1992 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Kennedy, C. J., N. J. Gassman, and P. J. Walsh. 1992. The fate of benzo[a]pyrene in the scleractinian corals Favia fragum and Montastrea annularis. Marine Biology 113:313-318. 1992 Florida Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
McConchie, D. and V. J. Harriott. 1992. The partitioning of metals between tissue and skeletal parts of corals: application in pollution monitoring. Pages 97-103 in Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring Docks & Marinas; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Smith, C., P. C. Rice-Evans, N. Shaw, and D. L. Smith. 1992. A positron annihilation study of defects in cadmium mercury telluride semiconductor. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 4:5825-5834. 1992 Toxics
Wendte, J., F. A. Stoakes, and C. V. Campbell. 1992. Devonian-early Mississippian carbonates of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: a sequence stratigraphic framework. Devonian-early Mississippian carbonates of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: a sequence stratigraphic framework. 1992 Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. 1991. Lead, mercury, and cadmium in feathers of tropical terns in Puerto Rico and Australia. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 21:311-315. 1991 Puerto Rico; Australia Toxics
Frease, R. A. and J. G. Windsor Jr. 1991. Behaviour of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with stabilized oil and coal ash artificial reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22:15-19. 1991 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Hawker, D. W., and D. W. Connell. 1991. Standards and criteria for pollution control in coral reef areas. Pages 169-188 Pollution in Tropical Aquatic Systems. CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 1991 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment
Johnson, H. 1991. Petroleum geology of Fiji. Marine Geology 98:313-352. 1991 Fiji Sediment
Keller, B, D. and J. B. C. Jackson. 1991. Long-term assessment of the oil spill at Bahia Las Minas, Panama interim report, volume I: executive summary. OCS Study MMS 90-0030, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, New Orleans, LA. 1991 Panama Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Kennard, J. M. 1991. Lower Cambrian archaeocyathan buildups, Todd River Dolomite, northeast Amadeus Basin, central Australia: sedimentology and diagenesis. Bulletin - Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology & Geophysics, Australia 236:195-225. 1991 Australia Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lawrence, D. and I. J. Dight. 1991. Torres Strait Baseline Study. Environmental protection of a tropical marine environment in northern Australia. Pages 1125-1139 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Australia; Papua New Guinea Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tiffin, D. L. 1991. Marine mineral development activities within the SOPAC region. Page 1474 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Monetary Valuation
Bouma, A. H. and H. H. Roberts. 1990. Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Geo-Marine Letters 10:177-181. 1990 South & Central America; Mexico Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cowden, A., R. Ruddock, A. Reay, P. Nicolson, P. Waterman, and M. J. Banks. 1990. Platinum mineralisation potential of the Longwood Igneous Complex, New Zealand. Mineralogy and Petrology 42:181-195. 1990
Ehrhardt, M. G. 1990. Petroleum-derived dissolved organic compounds concentrated from inshore waters in Burmuda. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 138:35-47. 1990 Bermuda
Harland, A. D. and N. R. Nganro. 1990. Copper uptake by the sea anemone Anemonia viridis and the role of zooxanthellae in metal regulation. Marine Biology 104:297-301. 1990 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Hill Kevin, C. 1990. Time of uplift and thermal history of the fold-belt in Papua New Guinea, from Apatite fission track analysis. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 17:417. 1990 Australia; Papua New Guinea Sediment
Johnson, D. B., P. J. Moran, and S. Driml. 1990. Evaluation of a crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) control program at Grub Reef (central Great Barrier Reef). Coral Reefs 9:167-171. 1990 Australia Seastars
Kobayashi, M. and E. Nakano. 1990. Stereochemical course of the transannular cyclization, in chloroform, of epoxycembranoids derived from the geometrical isomers of (14S)-14-hydroxy-1,3,7,11-cembratetraenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry 55:1947-1951. 1990 Octocoral
Matthews, K. R. 1990. An experimental study of the habitat preferences and movement patterns of copper, quillback, and brown rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). Environmental Biology of Fishes 29:161-178. 1990 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Savitskaia, K. I., G. A. Onoprienko, and M. F. Trapeznikova. 1990. Several aspects of general biological concept of osteogenesis [Nekotorye aspekty obshchebiologicheskoǐ kontseptsii osteogeneza.]. Sovetskaya Meditsina 6:13-18. 1990 Microorganisms; Pathogens
Scott, P. J. B. 1990. Chronic pollution recorded in coral skeletons in Hong Kong. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 139:51-64. 1990
Burns, K. A. and A. H. Knap. 1989. The Bahia las Minas oil spill. Hydrocarbon uptake by reef building corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 20:391-398. 1989 Petroleum Spills
Heigold, P. C. and S. T. Whitaker. 1989. A gravity survey of Marine Field: a case study for Silurian reef exploration. Illinois Petroleum - Illinois State Geological Survey 133. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Kotabalavu, J. and D. L. Tiffin. 1989. Ocean minerals: prospects for South Pacific islands. Pacific Viewpoint 30:22-33. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean
Meiorin, E.C. 1989. �Urban Runoff Treatment in a Fresh/Brackish Water Marsh in Fremont, California�, in: Hammer, D.A. (Ed.) Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, pp. 677-685. 1989 Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Pelissonnier, H. 1989. Review of metallogenic concepts and models of lead-zinc deposits in carbonate sedimentary environments [Historique des concepts et modeles metallogeniques pour les gites de plomb-zinc en milieu sedimentaire carbonate. Apport du present colloque]. Chronique de la Recherche Miniere 495:37-45. 1989 Europe Review; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Phillips, JD. 1989. An evaluation of the factors determining the effectiveness of water quality buffer zones., J. HYDROL. (AMST.)., vol. 107, no. 1-4, pp. 133-145, 1989. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ran, Chong-Ying. 1989. On ore source and ore-forming fluid of Dongchuan-Yimen type copper deposits. Science in China (Scientia Sinica) Series B 32:1117-1124. 1989 Microorganisms; Sediment
Seglund, J. A. 1989. Midcontinent rift continues to show promise as petroleum prospect. Oil and Gas Journal 87:55-58. 1989 China
Wylie, C. R. and V. J. Paul. 1989. Chemical defenses in three species of Sinularia (Coelenterata, Alcyonacea): effects against generalist predators and the butterflyfish Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 129:141-160. 1989 Guam Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Octocoral
Fyvie, D. J. 1988. Sedimentation and diagenesis of the Upper Devonian Kakisa Formation, Trout River area, N.W.T. M.Sc. thesis. in [No source information available]. 1988 Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gomez, E. D. 1988. Overview of environmental problems in the East Asian Seas Region. Ambio 17:166-169. 1988 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Philippines Review Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Harris, P. T. 1988. Sediments, bedforms and bedload transport pathways on the continental shelf adjacent to Torres Strait, Australia-Papua New Guinea. Continental Shelf Research 8:979-1003. 1988 Australia; Papua New Guinea; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Sediment
Heyward, A. J. 1988. Inhibitory effects of copper and zinc sulphates on fertilization in corals. Pages 299-303 in Proceedings of the 6th international coral reef Symposium. 1988
Jones, G. B. and F. G. Thomas. 1988. Effect of terrestrial and marine humics on copper speciation in an estuary in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39:19-31. 1988 Australia Surface & Groundwater Flow
Marshall, J. A., S. L. Crooks, and B. S. DeHoff. 1988. Cembranolide total synthesis. Macrocyclization of (α-alkoxyallyl)stannane-acetylenic aldehydes as a route to cembrane lactones. Journal of Organic Chemistry 53:1616-1623. 1988 US Pacific & Hawaii Octocoral; Substrate
McCaslin John, C. 1988. Aggressive hunt seen needed in S. Florida. Oil and Gas Journal 86:70. 1988 Florida Field Study & Monitoring
Samson, G. and R. Popovic. 1988. Use of algal fluorescence for determination of phytotoxicity of heavy metals and presticides as environmental polluntants. Ecotoxicity and Environmental Safety 16:272-278. 1988 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Toxics
Sandstrom, M. W. 1988. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the North Queensland coast and Great Barrier Reef: Effects of tropical cyclone Winifred. Organic Geochemistry 12:445-454. 1988 Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Striegl, R.G.; Cowan, E.A. 1987. Relations Between Quality of Urban Runoff and Quality of Lake Ellyn at Glen Ellyn, Illinois. Available from Books and Open-File Reports Section, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Supply Paper 2301, 1987. 59p, 27 fig, 20 tab, 60 ref. 1987 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Anon,. 1986. ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 3: A SELECTION OF PAPERS FROM THE 3RD AUSTRALIAN ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY CONFERENCE. Organic Geochemistry 9:219-273. 1986 Australia Sediment
Armor, J. N., E. J. Carlson, and G. Carrasquillo. 1986. Metallic aerogels: A novel synthesis of very fine copper powder. Materials Letters 4:373-376. 1986
Artyushkov, E. V. and M. A. Baer. 1986. Mechanism of formation of hydrocarbon basins: the West Siberia, Volga-Urals, Timan-Pechora basins and the Permian Basin of Texas. Tectonophysics 122:247-281. 1986 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Biswas, B. 1986. Frontier seismic geologic techniques and the exploration of the Miocene reefs in offshore Palawan, Philippines. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 1:191-204. 1986 Philippines GIS & Maps
Coates, M., D. W. Connell, J. Bodero, G. J. Miller, and R. Back. 1986. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in Great Barrier Reef organisms and environment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 23:99-113. 1986 Australia Algae; Echinoderms; Plankton; Sediment; Stony Coral
Denton, G. R. W. and C. Burdon-Jones. 1986. Trace metals in corals from the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17:209-213. 1986 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Octocoral; Stony Coral
Denton, G. R. W. and C. Burdon-Jones. 1986. Trace metals in fish from the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17:201-209. 1986 Australia Fish; Toxics
Folger, P. F. and J. M. Schmidt. 1986. Geology of the carbonate-hosted Omar copper prospect, Baird Mountains, Alaska. Economic Geology 81:1690-1695. 1986
Glikson, M. and J. A. K. Owen. 1986. A New Ireland coal and associated sediments: hydrocarbon generation from pollen exines at low maturation. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 1:221-234. 1986 Coal Mining; Sediment
Jordan Jr, C. F., T. C. Connally Jr, and H. A. Vest. 1986. Middle Cretaceous carbonates of the Mishrif formation, Fateh field, offshore Dubai, U.A.E. Pages 425-442 Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs. 1986 Oman Remote Sensing
Lehmann, P. R. 1986. Geology And Hydrocarbon Potential Of The Ep 104 Permit, Northwest Canning Basin, Western Australia. APEA journal 26. 1986 Australia
Nienhuis, P. H. 1986. Background levels of heavy metals in nine tropical seagrass species in Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 17:508-511. 1986 Indonesia Index or Indicator Seagrasses
Precht, W. F. 1986. Reservoir development and hydrocarbon potential of Winnipegosis (Middle Devonian) pinnacle reefs, southern Elk Point Basin, North Dakota ( USA). Carbonates & Evaporites 1:83-99. 1986 Water Depth & Sea Level
Rafalska-Bloch, J. and R. Cunningham Jr. 1986. Organic fades in Recent sediments of carbonate platforms: Southwestern Puerto Rico and Northern Belize. Organic Geochemistry 10:717-724. 1986 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Belize Model; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Sediment
Schmidt, V., I. A. McIlreath, and A. E. Budwill. 1986. Origin and diagenesis of Middle Devonian pinnacle reefs encased in evaporites, 'A' and 'E' pools, Rainbow field, Alberta. Pages 141-160 Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs. 1986 Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shvedov, V. N. 1986. Influence of lithologo-facies peculiarities of the Oxfordian terrace on the presence of sulphur in overlapping sediments of Gaurdak-Kugitangskii region (Turkmen SSR, USSR). Izvestiya - Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 8:107-115. 1986 Sediment
Summons, R. E. and T. G. Powell. 1986. Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas revealed by biological markers, isotopes and geology. Nature 319:763-765. 1986 Microorganisms; Sediment
Knap Anthony, H., C. Wyers Sheila, E. Dodge Richard, D. Sleeter Thomas, R. Frith Harold, S. RO BE RT SO N Smith, and B. Cook Clayton. 1985. Effects Of Chemically And Physically Dispersed Oil On The Brain Coral Diploria Strigosa (Dana) - A Summary Review. Pages 547-551 in [No source information available]. 1985 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Madrid, A. P. 1985. Deep-water hydrocarbon exploration in the Philippines. Energy 10:493-504. 1985 Philippines Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives; Water Depth & Sea Level
Samiullah, Y. 1985. Biological effects of marine oil pollution. Oil and Petrochemical Pollution 2:235-264. 1985 Global Review Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Shaw, P. M. and R. B. Johns. 1985. Organic geochemical studies of a recent Inner Great Barrier Reef sediment-I. Assessment of input sources. Organic Geochemistry 8:147-156. 1985 Australia Algae; Microorganisms; Sediment
Smith, J. D., J. Y. Hauser, and J. Bagg. 1985. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Great Barrier Reef Region, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 16:110-114. 1985 Australia Sediment
Abu Gideiri, Y. B. 1984. Impacts of mining on Central Red Sea environment. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:823-828. 1984 Discharges; Mining Policies; Plankton; Toxics
Coates, M., H. F. Chapman, and D. W. Connell. 1984. Effects of grazing by deposit feeders on biogenic hydrocarbons in coral-reef surface sediments. Marine Biology 81:87-95. 1984 Echinoderms; Sediment
Dewhirst, R. F., S. P. Moult, and J. A. Coetzee. 1984. Intensive Cyanidation For The Recovery Of Coarse Gold. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 84:159-163. 1984 Mining; Toxics
Dodge, R. E., T. D. Jickells, and A. H. Knap. 1984. Reef-building coral skeletons as chemical pollution (phosphorus) indicators. Marine Pollution Bulletin 15:178-187. 1984 Index or Indicator Stony Coral; Toxics
Fleischer, V. D. 1984. Discovery, geology and genesis of copper-cobalt mineralisation at Chambishi Southeast prospect, Zambia. Precambrian Research 25:119-133. 1984 Sediment
Hine, A. C. and J. C. Steinmetz. 1984. Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas - A partially drowned carbonate platform. Marine Geology 59. 1984 Bahamas; Cuba Beach & Land Formation; Calcareous Macroalgae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Izac, R. R., W. Fenical, and J. M. Wright. 1984. Inflatene, an ichthyotoxic C12 hydrocarbon from the stoloniferan soft coral Clavularia inflata var. luzoniana. Tetrahedron Letters 25:1325-1328. 1984 Octocoral
Maslowski, AN DY. 1984. Silurian Reefs Retain Their Appeal. Northeast Oil Reporter 4:27-29. 1984
Moskvich, V. A. 1984. Organogenic structures (buried reefs) in Silhet limestones of West-Bengal basin ( hydrocarbon resources). Izvestiya - Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 9:102-109. 1984 Algae; Sediment
Nelson, S. J. 1984. Geological history of the Interior Plains. Prairie Forum 9:159-180. 1984 Columbia Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sastri, V. V. 1984. Geoscientific studies for petroleum exploration in India. Pages 217-220 Petroliferous basins of India - II. 1984 India Model; GIS & Maps Sediment
Smith, J. D., J. Bagg, and B. M. Bycroft. 1984. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the clam Tridacna maxima from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Environmental Science and Technology 18:353-358. 1984 Australia
Vandermeulen John, H. and S. Gilfillan Edward. 1984. Petroleum Pollution, Corals And Mangroves. Marine Technology Society Journal 18:62-72. 1984 Global Lab Study Mangroves; Primary Production
Verster, D. M. 1984. Practical Experience With The Replicast Fm (Full Mould) Process At The Standard Brass Iron And Steel Foundries. in Proceedings of the Annual Conference - Steel Castings Research and Trade Association. 1984 Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Abu Gideiri Yousif, B. 1983. IMPACTS OF MINING ON CENTRAL RED SEA ENVIRONMENT. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:823-828. 1983 Mining Policies; Toxics
Duchscherer Jr., W. 1983. Geochemical hydrocarbon exploration - a new/old exploration tool. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 19:335-336. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Sediment
Glynn, P. W. 1983. Extensive 'bleaching' and death of reef corals on the Pacific coast of Panama. Environmental Conservation 10:149-154. 1983 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica; Panama; Pacific Ocean Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Zooxanthellae
Madrid Apollo, P. 1983. Deep-Water Hydrocarbon Exploration In The Philippines. Energy 10:493-504. 1983 Philippines Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives; Water Depth & Sea Level
Neff Jerry, M., P. Marum James, and J. SC OT T Warner. 1983. Composition And Fate Of Clean Ballast Water Discharged From Crude Oil Tankers. Pages 435-441 in [No source information available]. 1983 Ballast Discharge; Discharges; Oil & Gas Tankers
Trefry, J. H., R. P. Trocine, and K. C. Yhip. 1983. Drilling mud discharges: minimizing environmental mismatches. Pages Am.Soc.Civ.Engrs.-1983 in IN: COASTAL ZONE'83, PROC. THIRD SYMP. ON COASTAL AND OCEAN MANAGEMENT, (SAN DIEGO, U.S.A.: JUN. 1-4, 1983), O.T. MAGOON; H. 1983 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Sediment
ALESHECHKIN, O. I. and A. M. VEL'KOV. 1982. Prospects Of Search For Hydrocarbon Accumulations In Volga Valley'S Saratov Region, Depending On Oil And Gas Trap Types/ Perspektivy Poiskov Skoplenii Uglevodorodov V Saratovskom Povolzh'E V Zavisimosti Ot Tipov Lovushek Nefti I Gaza. Pages 16-20 IZV VYSSH UCHEBN ZAVED NEFT GAZ. 1982
Shuaib, S. M. 1982. Geology and hydrocarbon potential of offshore Indus basin, Pakistan. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 66:940-946. 1982 India Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 1981. Ecological investigations of petroleum production platforms in the central Gulf of Mexico: volume I part 1, 2, and 3. in [No source information available]. 1981 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Sediment
[No author name available]. 1981. Environmental Effects Of Offshore Oil Production: The Buccaneer Gas And Oil Field Study (Proceeding Of A Symposium), 1981. Marine Science (Plenum) 14. 1981 South & Central America; Mexico Model; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Fish; Microorganisms; Sediment
Keith, R. E. 1981. Loss of therapeutic copper in closed marine systems. Aquaculture 24:355-362. 1981 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
King, R. E. 1981. World exploration highlights ( petroleum). American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 65:1933-1939. 1981 Sudan; Spain
Longman, M. W. 1981. A process approach to recognizing facies of reef complexes. European fossil reef models Sep-40. 1981
Peters, E. C., P. A. Meyers, P. P. Yevich, and N. J. Blake. 1981. Bioaccumulation and histopathological effects of oil on a stony coral. Marine Pollution Bulletin 12:333-339. 1981 South & Central America; Caribbean Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Ray James, P. 1981. Effects Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons On Corals. Pages 705-726 in [No source information available]. 1981
Weydert, P. 1981. (The outer- reef facies of the Turonian of Libreville vicinity ( Gabon): paleoecologic significance during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean). [Les facies peri-recifaux du turonien de Libreville (Gabon): significations paleoecologiques au cours de l'ouver. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Section II 292:97-101. 1981 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Oman Sediment
Braekman, J. C., D. Daloze, B. Tursch, S. E. Hull, J. P. Declercq, G. Germain, and M. Van Meerssche. 1980. Chemical studies of marine invertebrates. XXXVIII. Δ9(15)-africanene, a new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon from Sinularia polydactyla (Coelenterata, Octocorallia, Alcyonaceae). Experientia 36:893. 1980 Octocoral
Kashman, Y., M. Bodner, J. S. Finer-Moore, and J. Clardy. 1980. Δ9(15)-Africanene, a new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon from the soft coral Sinularia erecta. Experientia 36:891-892. 1980 Octocoral
Middleditch, B. S. and B. Basile. 1980. Alkanes in benthic organisms from the buccaneer oil field. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 24:945-952. 1980 Florida Molluscs
Ayanoglu, E., T. Gebreyesus, C. M. Beechan, and C. Djerassi. 1979. Terpenoids-LXXVI1 1 For paper LXXV, see E. Ayanoglu, T. Gebreyesus, C.M. Beechan, C. Djerassi and M. Kaisin, Tetrahedron Letters 1671 (1978). Precapnelladiene, a possible biosynthetic precursor of the capnellane skeleton. Tetrahedron 35:1035-1039. 1979 Octocoral
Cook Theodore, D. 1979. Exploration History Of South Texas Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Platform. AAPG Bulletin 63:32-49. 1979 Field Study & Monitoring
Gladfelter, W. B. 1979. Twilight migrations and foraging activities of the copper sweeper Pempheris schomburgki (Teleostei: Pempheridae). Marine Biology 50:109-119. 1979 US Virgin Islands Light; Plankton
Sleeter, T. D., J. N. Butler, and J. E. Barbash. 1979. Hydrocarbons in sediments from the edge of the Bermuda platform. Pages 615-620 in Proc 1979 oil spill conference (prevention, behavior, control, cleanup), Los Angeles, Cal. March 1979, (American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, Publication 4308). 1979 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Ayanoglu, E., T. Gebreyesus, C. M. Beechan, C. Djerassi, and M. Kaisin. 1978. Terpenoids LXXV. Δ9(12)-capnellene, a new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon from the soft coral capnella imbricata. Tetrahedron Letters 19:1671-1674. 1978 Octocoral
Beechan, C. M., C. Djerassi, and H. Eggert. 1978. Terpenoids-LXXIV1 1 Terpenoids LXXIII: C.M. Beechan, C. Djerassi, J.S. Finer and J. Clardy, Tetrahedron Letters 2395 (1977). The sesquiterpenes from the soft coral sinularia mayi. Tetrahedron 34:2503-2508. 1978 Octocoral
Busch Daniel, A. and AM AD O Govela. 1978. Stratigraphy And Structure Of Chicontepec Turbidites, Southeastern Tampico-Misantla Basin, Mexico. AAPG Bulletin 62:235-246. 1978 South & Central America; Mexico Sediment
Sabitay, A. 1978. Status Of Hydrocarbon Exploration, Offshore Northeastern Australia And The Gulf Of Papua. APEA journal 18:77-82. 1978 Australia; Papua New Guinea Review Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment
Stewart-Gordon, T. J. 1978. New Pays Develop New Plays In The Permian Basin. World Oil 186. 1978 South & Central America; Mexico CO2
Beechan, C. M., C. Djerassi, J. S. Finer, and J. Clardy. 1977. Terpenoids LXXIII. Sinularene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon based on a novel skeleton from the soft coral, Sinularia Mayi. Tetrahedron Letters 18:2395-2398. 1977 Octocoral
Cohen, Y., A. Nissenbaum, and R. Eisler. 1977. Effects of Iranian Crude Oil on the Red Sea octocoral Heteroxenia Fuscescens. Environmental Pollution 12:173-186. 1977 Iran Octocoral; Salinity
Droste John, B. and H. Shaver Robert. 1977. Synchronization Of Deposition: Silurian Reef-Bearing Rocks On Wabash Platform With Cyclic Evaporites Of Michigan Basin. AAPG Stud Geol 5:93-109. 1977 India Sediment
Evans III, E. C. 1977. Microcosm responses to environmental perturbants - An extension of baseline field survey. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 30:178-191. 1977 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Substrate
Heslinga, G. A. 1976. Effects of copper on the coral reef echinoid Echinometra mathaei. Marine Biology 35:155-160. 1976
Pelensky, M. A. 1976. Corrosion At A Ballistic Missile Field Installation. in [No source information available]. 1976 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring
Schwellnus, J. S. I., S. A. Hiemstra, and EL VI RA Gasparrini. 1976. Merensky Reef At The Atok Platinum Mine And Its Environs. Economic Geology 71:249-260. 1976
Zillman, N. J. and R. J. Paten. 1975. Seram Offers Good Oil Prospect. Oil and Gas Journal 73. 1975 Indonesia GIS & Maps
Archer, A. A. 1974. Progress And Prospects Of Marine Mining. Mining Magazine 130:150-151. 1974 Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Toxics
Giam, C. S., R. L. Richardson, D. Taylor, and M. K. Wong. 1974. DDT, DDE and PCBs in the tissues of reef dwelling groupers (Serranidae) in the Gulf of Mexico and the Grand Bahamas. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 11:189-192. 1974 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean; Mexico Piscivorous Fish; Plankton
Green, J. H. 1973. The study of metal organic complexes as pollutants in marine plants and animals. Pages 99-104 in PROC.ROY.SOC.QUEENSLAND. 1973 Review Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seastars; Toxics
Schidlowski, M. 1966. Mineralbestand und Gefugebilder in Faseraggregaten von kohliger Substanz (\Thucholith\") aus den Witwatersrand-Konglomeraten". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 12:365-380. 1966 South Africa
Anon,. Colloque International Sur L'Exploitation Des Oceans, 2Nd, 1974, Volume 1: Politiques De Developpement Oceanique, Volume 2: Mise En Valeur Industrielle Des Plateaux Continentaux, Volume 3: Systemes Des Mesures Pour L'Analyse Et La Prevision De L'Environne. in [No source information available]. Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Microorganisms; Pipelines; Salinity; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Becker, E. L., E. E. Cordes, S. A. Macko, and C. R. Fisher. Importance of seep primary production to Lophelia pertusa and associated fauna in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers South & Central America; Mexico Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Snails & Conch
Boehm, P.D., D.S. Page, J.S. Brown, J.M. Neff, A.E. Bence. Comparison of mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices as intertidal monitors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at oil spill sites. Marine Pollution Bulletin Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Esquivel, S. Short term copper bioassay on the planula of the reef coral Pocillopora damicornis. Pages 465-472 Stony Coral
Johns, R. K. Base Metal Mineralization In The Pernatty Lagoon Region. Dep of Mines, South Aust, Geol Surv. GIS & Maps
Le Guilloux, E., K. Olu, J. F. Bourillet, B. Savoye, S. P. Iglesias, and M. Sibuet. First observations of deep-sea coral reefs along the Angola margin. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Stony Coral
Pawley Julian, K. Shallow Structures Of The South Texas Continental Shelf. Pages 217-226 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. GIS & Maps
Venn, A. A., J. Quinn, R. Jones, and A. Bodnar. P-glycoprotein (multi-xenobiotic resistance) and heat shock protein gene expression in the reef coral Montastraea franksi in response to environmental toxicants. Aquatic Toxicology Global Algae; Stony Coral; Substrate

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Contour Farming Contour Farming involves sloping land in such a way that field preparation, planting and cultivating are done on the contour. This includes following established grades of terraces or diversions. During heavy rains the crop rows formed slow water runoff reducing erosion and water runoff of non-point source pollutants such as agricultural herbicides and fertilizers. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Corporate Response: Standardized Environmental Certifications and Labels Product labeling initiatives are based on the premise that product information represented by or contained on the label is otherwise not readily available (or apparent) and is of value in consumer purchase decisions. For example, warning labels highlight product safety and toxic exposure hazards and advise consumers on ways to minimize risks. Likewise, a number of environmental certification programs (ECPs) identify products' environmental burdens and/or set standards for products' environmental attributes. Properly designed environmental labeling efforts can change consumer and manufacturer attitudes and behaviors, thus reducing environmental burdens. The specific metrics used to measure environmental label effectiveness include: 1) consumer awareness of labels, 2) consumer acceptance of labels (credibility and understanding), 3) changes in consumer behavior, 4) changes in manufacturer behavior, and 5) improvement of end goals, such as environmental quality. Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Forestry; Health; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Birds; Medical Care; Medical Centers; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Resource Use Management; Toxics; Transportation; Utilities; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Coordinated Oil & Hazardous Spill Response This management option calls for developing unified response protocols to deal with containment and clean-up of oil spills. This is important to protect corals, mangroves, and seagrasses from adverse impacts of hazardous materials. Given the limited number of spills and the importance of responding quickly, interagency coordination of reporting and response is essential for success. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Data Management & Decision Tools: Research and Model Causal Linkage Between Pollutants and Ecological Impact This involves conducting research to identify and document causal linkages between discharge water pollutants and specific, quantifiable ecological problems. The natural environment naturally assimilates some pollutants, but has thresholds for this type of contaminant processing. Different hydrology, biology and spatial/temporal factors are all going to play a roll in the linkage between pollutants and ecological problems, meaning modeling and risk assessment can be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Sewage Treatment; Stormwater Management; Sunscreen Use; Supporting Services; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Discharge Controls: Survey and Manage Household Chemical Use This management option targets household indoor and outdoor chemical use (pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, cleaners, detergents, solvents, etc). Though these chemicals are typically used in small amounts, many make their way into the watershed because of improper use. Before designing a plan to manage these chemicals, data must be gathered from the local community through surveys. An ideal survey would gather information on what chemicals are being used, how they are used, and how they are disposed of. Enforcing proper use and disposal is very difficult, making a strong education program in response to findings from the study essential. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Culture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Housing; Improved Technology; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Controls; Shelter; Textiles & Apparel; Toxics
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Discharge Controls: Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards Effluent Toxicity is considered the aggregate toxic effect to aquatic organisms from all pollutants contained in a facility's wastewater (effluent). It is one part of the Water Quality Standards (#22) that prohibits the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts. Numerical criteria can be adopted from the Clean Water Act of based on scientifically-defensible methods. In addition to setting this numerical criteria, enforcement of the standards requires inspection programs and monitoring. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Improved Technology; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Economic Markets & Policy: Regulate International Trade of Reef Species Many coral reef species are harvested internationally for a variety of markets including the aquarium trade, food, curios, jewelry and pharmaceuticals. The US is the largest importer for many of these markets. The US strictly limits extraction of stony coral and many reef species in its waters; but as a major importer and consumer of coral reef species, more actions can be taken to decrease the demand on international imports. Setting and enforcing regulations on what can be imported (such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CITES) is one approach that has been taken. More information is needed, leaving room to collect trade data and assess the impacts of extraction techniques to find sustainable methods. Demand for species collected this way will be increased with greater transparency to consumers, which can be accomplished through certifications for environmentally cognoscente collectors and those using alternatives like aquaculture and coral farming. Continued participation in Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is also beneficial. U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. International Trade in Coral and Coral Reef Species: The Role of the United States. Report of the Trade Subgroup of the International Working Group to the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, Washington, D.C.

World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Designate Protected Species; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Products; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Political Pressure; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Sponges; Stony Coral; Toxics; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig End of Life As oil production at a given offshore site decreases it becomes necessary to decommission the rigs that were drilling them. It is very expensive to dismantle and transport the rigs back to shore. One such well know case was Shell's Brent Spar 1995. Regulations on the end of life for oil rigs differ by country and even state within the US. The Minerals Management Service has a Rigs-to-Reefs program which supports and encourages the reuse of oil and gas structures for offshore artificial reef developments. If these structures are to be sunk as artificial reefs the normal permit requirements for artificial reefs still apply to ensure the structure will not interfere with navigation channels or degrade the environment. Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Construction Regulations The Minerals Management Service (MMS) has several requirements for leasing and permits for construction of new drilling rigs and platforms. Placement is very important so as to not interfere with other uses or the environment. These permits also cover exploratory structures for research and test sites. Minerals Management Service. 2006. Leasing Oil and Natural Gas Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Maintenance and Use Regulations There are regulated procedures and documentation required during production operations to prevent major incidents that may harm workers or the environment. A major part of incident prevention is inspection and maintenance. Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Pipeline Maintenance Requirements The best way to ensure a high level of safety and reliability in operation of pipelines is to have a maintenance and inspection plan in place that targets damage, degradation or defects before they lead to failures. Economically, expenditures for maintenance and inspection are significantly less than those for emergency service in reaction to unforeseen situations. However, legislative requirements for plans, procedures and documentation ensures compliance with these best management practices. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Pipeline Maintenance Best Practices: Lessons Learned from the Natural Gas STAR Program. Charlotte (North Carolina).

United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators� Association. 2006. UKOPA Recommendations for Pipeline Maintenance and Inspection. UKOPA/06/0032,

Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Forestry Policy: Forestry Management Planning There are many aspects to properly managing forestry sites to reduce point source and non-point source pollutants. Forestry activities can degrade water quality with several types of pollutants and impacts, including: sediment, nutrients, forest chemicals like pesticides, organic debris from tree litter, increased water temperature and increased streamflow. The Forestry management plan and practices include, but are not limited to: pre-harvest planning, road construction and use, prescribed burning and fire management, brush management, timber harvest, regeneration, and application of forest chemicals. Wetlands Forest Management has additional best practices. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Biological Harvest; Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Forestry Policy: Forest Chemical Management Pesticides and fertilizers are commonly used in forestry to reduce mortality of desired trees, improve forest production, and ease harvest/extraction. The rate of application is typically very low, but given the overall area covered, pesticides can still accumulate within watersheds. Some forest management chemical use considerations to reduce nonpoint source pollution impacts include: Develop an effective spill contingency plan to contain spills, and immediately report accidental spills into surface waters to the appropriate State agency. Prior to application, inspect the mixing and loading process and the calibration of equipment, and identify the appropriate weather conditions, the spray area, and buffer areas for surface waters. Buffer areas for surface waters are especially important for aerial applications. Carefully prescribe the type and amount of pesticides appropriate for the insect, fungus, or herbaceous species. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Provisioning Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Water Resources; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Landuse Management: Mine Reclamation Lands disturbed by mining must be reclaimed to their Approximate Original Contour (AOC). Mine operators must backfill, compact, and grade in order to restore the AOC of the land with all highwalls, spoil piles, and depressions eliminated. Spoil material is prone to erosion, and may carry various disturbed toxics into groundwater if not properly managed. Temporary roads and impervious surfaces may have also been constructed for mining purposes. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC.

Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Valuation; Waterborne Discharges
Landuse Management: Household Landscaping Best Management Practices Homeowners manipulate the visible features of the land surrounding their home through landscaping. This includes flora, fauna, and terrain. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for landscaping include selection of indigenous flora and fauna, landscape irrigation (sprinkler systems etc), stormwater runoff BMPs, reducing water use, integrated pest management, composting, and incorporation of permeable surfaces. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Addition; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Impervious Surfaces; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shelter; Supplemental Feeding; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Research Artificial Reef Siting, Size, and Materials Impact for Future Management Decisions The effects of artificial reefs on fish and invertebrate abundance and community composition and on other sanctuary resources need to be assessed. Siting and size considerations should include spatial components such as nearest natural reef, species connectivity, currents, distance to shore, expected use, hurricane occurances, etc. The longevity of artificial reefs composed of different materials needs to be evaluated and considered heavily. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce.

NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Debris; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Water Resources; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Monitor & Research: Water Quality Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term, comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of water quality parameters. Parameters that should be measured include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, relative fluorescence, light attenuation, nutrients, chlorophyll, and alkaline phosphatase activity. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Supporting Services; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Develop Innovative Monitoring Tools This management option calls for identifying and evaluating monitoring tools and methodologies used to detect pollutants and identify cause-and-effect relationships among water quality and biological resources. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Chemical Variables; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Scientific Research; Toxics
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Fishing Gear/Fishing Methods Regulations In most regions there are already regulations that prohibit fishing methods that incorporate explosives, poisons, oil, and bleach. Further investigation may reveal additional methods, materials, or gear that should be prohibited as well. Regulations should aim to increase the use of low-impact gear (#194) in place of more destructive gear and methods. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Researching Other Pollutants and Water Quality Issues: Estimate other pollutant loadings This activity involves documenting the locations and magnitude of pollution impact other than wastewater. Sources can be from inside and outside of the Sanctuary. Pollutants can include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides. Water Quality standards (#22) Waste water (#21) NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pressures; Responses; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Resource Use Management: Develop Live Collection Regulations Live collection is often more destructive than capture of food fishes because of the destructive methods used to remove live fish and invertebrates from the reef habitat. These methods include use of cyanide and explosives. Current methods should be assessed and alternatives should be developed or collection prohibited. World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Educational & Research Opportunities; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Toxic Discharge Controls This option aims to eliminate unsightly residues, reduce erosion and control acid or otherwise toxic aqueous discharges from abandoned coal mines, coalmine waste or other types of land change. For toxic mine drainage, preventative actions include mine sealing, infiltration control, day lighting, and neutralization with alkaline material such as hydrated lime. Which action to take relies heavily on groundwater and runoff in the region of the mine. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Aquaculture; Coal Mining; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Restoration: Environmental Remediation Environmental Remediation is a type of restoration that's focus ranges from Brownfields to Oil Spills to Hazardous Waste Sites. These restoration activities aim to restore the site to a previous condition, or to a condition that is not a threat to human health or other forms of life. Several standards can be used to determine when remediation is necessary and to what extent the environment should be restores. Biocriteria can be used to determine the degree of degradation to biological components of the site. Often it is the presence of a particular pollutant in the soil, water or air, which is above acceptable limits and will not degrade fast enough over a short period of time and therefore must be removed. Physical and chemical water quality criteria can be used to set maximum acceptable limits of water quality parameters. Air quality criteria can be used to set acceptable maximum and minimum air standards for remediation. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency.

Environment Protection Authority. EPA Guidelines for Environmental management of on-site remediation. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, Australia.

Applied Chemicals; Biocriteria; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Health; Health Policies; Landuse Management; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Military; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Valuation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that trap or filter impurities out of runoff water. These include but are not limited to, using swales, filter strips, oil/water separators, oil/grit separators, and sand filters. Often structural retrofitting is coupled with biological filters/controls to direct water as desired and to fully reap the benefits of both systems. Structural filters are often incorporated into retention/detention and infiltration systems as well. One disadvantage of structural filters is that they are often higher maintenance as sand and chambers fill and clog with pollutants over time. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Compost Filter System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Median Strip Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montgomery County Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Off-Line Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Oil/Water Separators. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Organic Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Peat Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Perimeter Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pocket Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rockville Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Sediment Basin (Water Quality Enhancement). Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Side-by-Side Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Trench with Oil/Grit Chamber. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Under-the-Swale Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Quality Volume (WQV) Storage Tank. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

US EPA. EPA Filtration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Manufactured Products for Stormwater Inlets. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Alum Injection. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Stormwater Pollution Reduction Through Instituting Preventitive Best Management Practices This method focuses on reducing the amount of harmful contaminants in stormwater runoff by establishing Best Management Practices that prevent the generation of the pollutant to begin with. These BMPs include educational programs, infrastructure improvements and agricultural BMPs. Examples of educational programs would be programs that educate the public on the importance of, and how to avoid depositing hazardous wastes, such as oil, into storm drains, or how to use landscape management controls to limit the chemical and debris that from enter stormwater runoff from their personal lawns. Infrastructure improvement could include the use of alternative turnarounds and street cleaning. Agricultural practices such as roofs and covers for pesticides and equipment, or use of bedding are both preventative stormwater practices. Some additional specific practices include: controlling fertilizer application, properly using and disposing of fertilizers, pesticides, motor oil, and other harmful chemicals, debris removal, exposure reduction, minimization of pollutants, parking lot cleaning, stormwater catch basin insert, eliminate curbs and gutters, green parking, green roofs, street design and patterns, bedding. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

US EPA. Alternative Turnarounds. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Eliminate Curbs and Gutters. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Parking. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Street Design and Patterns. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Agriculture; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Housing; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Mining; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Industry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Retention/Detention This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of natural structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. These structures are typically characterized as retention ponds and incorporate natural vegetation such as grass. These ponds may be dry, or may drain into nearby wetlands. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementing engineering techniques that allow natural processes and plants to act as filters. Such techniques would include using grass parking and turf covered swales. Many of these techniques, such as reversed elevations for planted areas in parking lots, can demonstrate benefits both as natural filters and for the vegetation that are used since it eliminates the need to water them with irrigation systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Basic Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bioretention System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Constructed Wetland. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Filter Strips. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Reversed Elevations System for Parking Lots and Planting Areas. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Riparian Forest Buffer. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Roadway Landscape Treatment System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Pond Design. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Rainwater Collection Systems Creating a rainwater collection system (either through policy change or the initiative of homeowners) would help in many ways. These systems would utilize water in an efficient manner. It would reduce the pressure of water as a finite resource. Water would be collected and utilized before it reaches the ground. Once rain falls to the ground, it picks up nutrients, chemicals, and pathogens on the ground and transports them in the form of runoff. Eventually this contaminated stormwater runoff enters water resources through the drainage basin. Collecting a considerable amount of water would prevent contamination of that water, and allow for it to be usable. Also, it would reduce the amount of water that is lost when it is contaminated as runoff. An overall reduced amount of stormwater runoff would reduce the amount of contaminants that would harm corals. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cisterns used for water harvesting. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shelter; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Protection of Resources from Hazardous Materials & Spills Wherever possible, take actions to decrease the likelihood of hazardous materials spills near corals. Even when risks are reduced significantly, spills may still occur, necessitating contingency plans (#56). In order for reef managers to stay informed of the latest spills/updates, a spill-reporting system should be established along with a geo-referenced database that keeps track of all spills within a certain distance of reefs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands.

USCG. 2007. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Florida Keys.

Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Refine Pest Spraying Program This strategy aims to reduce the amount of pesticides that could potentially enter the water from spraying for pests such as mosquitoes. A site-specific combination of pest prevention, pest avoidance, pest monitoring, and pest suppression strategies (PAMs) should be used. Aerial spraying is often used only when the mosquito concentration reaches a specific threshold. The mosquito spraying strategy would review the aerial spraying threshold to see if it could be raised, to reduce frequency of use. Refining spraying technologies would be advocated to see if newer techniques/technologies would possibly reduce the amount of pesticides released over water. For identified water quality concerns related to pesticide leaching, solution runoff and adsorbed runoff, the current version of the USDA-NRCS WIN-PST program should be used to evaluate potential risks to humans and/or fish, as appropriate, for each pesticide to be used. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). CODE 595. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Controls; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Toxics
Water Quality Management: Landfill & Solid Waste Disposal Site Assessment Strategy This option seeks to reduce/eliminate pollution from leaching at landfill sites. High risk, old landfill sites that may have hazardous waste must be identified. Once identified, monitoring at these landfills should be intensified to insure leaching does not occur into marine systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Littering; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Water Quality Management: Treating Effluent Water Through Wetlands Additional treatment of sewage is often a necessary management option because secondary treatment alone leaves 20,000 times more nutrients in the water than the safe limit for corals. High concentrations of nutrients in the water leads to eutrophication, and coral reefs are more sensitive to nutrient enrichment than any other coastal system. Wetlands are extremely successful at reducing nitrogen levels in water. Using natural wetlands or "living machines" to perform this task can actually be more cost effective than further sewage treatment. Each successive wetland treatment cell of the series can provide incredible levels of denitrification, and thus protect corals from nutrient enrichment. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Water Quality Management: Water Quality Standards Water Quality Standards are the foundation of the water quality-based pollution control program mandated by the Clean Water Act. Water Quality Standards define the goals for a waterbody by establishing Designated Uses (#279), setting baseline waterbody minimum criteria to protect those uses, and establishing provisions that regulate Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards (#280). Since the baseline water quality standards are for the waterbody in its entirety, there is some flexibility on how that minimum criterion is accomplished. In some cases, Remediation (#281) may be preferable to more stringent effluent standards. The criteria include specific biochemical and ecological measures that would be good indicators of ecological health, including Biocriteria (#282). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biocriteria; Chemical Variables; Cultural Services; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Toxics

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Air Pollution Control, 62-204 Florida Administrative Code (1996). 62-204.100 Purpose and Scope. (1) This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. (2) In addition, this chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have been adopted; further designates certain attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as air quality maintenance areas for particular pollutants; classifies all areas of the state as Class I, Class II, or Class III for determining which set of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments apply; and designates all attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as one or more PSD areas for determining which pollutant-specific PSD baseline dates apply. This chapter also sets forth procedures for redesignating and reclassifying areas as above. (3) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to identify the Florida State Implementation Plan (SIP) required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51; to set forth the public notice and hearing requirements that the Department will adhere to for making SIP revisions; and to set forth the definitions, criteria, and procedures that the Department will use to review a federal agency�s general conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; and to adopt by reference an interagency memorandum of agreement that the Department will comply with to review any transportation conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart T. The provisions to 40 C.F.R. 51.853 require that a federal agency make a general conformity determination for any federal agency action in a nonattainment or maintenance area, to ensure that such action is consistent with the SIP and that such federal conformity determination be reviewed by the affected state. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. 51.394 require that a transportation conformity determination be made for the adoption, acceptance, approval, or support of certain transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, and transportation projects in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants to ensure that such actions are consistent with the SIP. (4) Finally, this chapter adopts and incorporates by reference federal air pollution control regulations which are referenced in whole or in part throughout the Department�s air pollution control rules.

Application to Coral Reefs:By reducing emmissions to air, particularly carbon dioxide, the pH of ocean waters will not be reduced and that is a direct benefit to coral reefs, since a reduction in pH is believed to be detrimental to corals.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassified with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have benn adopted.

Comments:This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code §§ 7400 et seq. To ensure Americans have clean air to breath, and to protect the environment from air pollution. Regulates air emmissions from area, stationary and mobile sources. Charges federal land managers with direct responsibility to protect the "air quality and related values" of land under their control. The "related values" include fish and widlife and their habitats. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibility for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act would decrease carbon dioxide emissions from sources in the United States, thereby making a contribution toward reducing ocean acidification, which is one of the problems contributing to coral reef decline.

Legislative Actions:Response will differ from State to State because many Sates have been delegated to administer the Clean Air Act. However, States cannot have air quality standards less stringent then the federal standards. State air pollution agencies hold permit hearings and fines industries that violate air quality limits. States must develop state implementation plans that require approval by EPA.

Comments:The 1990 amendments authorized the Acid Deposition Control Program, a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, established permit program requirements, expanded and modified the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and expanded and modified enforcement authority. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Transportation Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Clean Water Act of 1974, 33 United States Code § 1252. To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act can be used to establish water quality standards for the disharge of pollutants into surface waters. Section 101 (3) stated that it will be the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts will be prohibited. The legislation employs a variety of regulatory and nonregulatory tools to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. The tools are employed to achieve the broad goal of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters so they can support "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water."

Legislative Actions:During the late 1980's, the program shifted from program-by-program, source by source, pollutant-by-pollutant approach to more holistic water-shed strategies. Under the watershed approach equal emphasis is placed on protecting healthy waters and restoring impaired waters. Also during the 1980's, voluntary programs for nonpoint runoff and regulatory programs for wet weather point sources began to be addressed.

Comments:The Federal Water Pollution Contrl Act Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500, replaced the previous language of the Act entirely, including the Water Quality Act of 1965, the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, all of which had been amendments of the Water Pollution Control Act first passed in 1956. The 1977 amendments, PL 95-217, further amended PL 92-500. 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territories 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Drinking Water Supply; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Domestic Wastewater Facilities, 62-600 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Section 403.021(2), Florida Statutes, as amended, the Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act, established that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessary to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Toward this end, Sections 403.085 and 403.086, Florida Statutes, set forth requirements for the treatment and reuse or disposal of domestic wastewater. Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, requires that any Department planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be developed as a rule. This chapter is promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of Sections 120.53(1), 120.55, 403.021, 403.051, 403.061, 403.062, 403.064, 403.085, 403.086, 403.087, 403.088, 403.0881, 403.101, 403.131, 403.161, 403.182, 403.859, and 403.918, Florida Statutes, concerning domestic wastewater facilities. - 442 (2) The requirements of this chapter represent the specific requirements of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and of Local Pollution Control Programs approved and established pursuant to Section 403.182, Florida Statutes, where such authority has been delegated to those programs. It may be necessary for domestic wastewater facilities to conform with requirements of other agencies, established via interagency agreements (e.g., for mosquito control); the absence of reference to such arrangements in this chapter does not negate the need for compliance with those requirements. (3) The purpose of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., is to provide minimum standards for the design of domestic wastewater facilities and to establish minimum treatment and disinfection requirements for the operation of domestic wastewater facilities. All systems shall be designed in accordance with sound engineering practice. Supported by moderating provisions, it is intended that Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., establish a framework whereby design flexibility and sound engineering practice can be used in developing systems with which to manage domestic wastewater in an environmentally sound manner. (4) As appropriate, Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., shall be used in conjunction with other Department rules relating to the design and operation and maintenance of domestic wastewater facilities. (5) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities (including residuals management facilities). (a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and modifications or expansions of existing facilities that submit complete permit applications to the Department after July 1, 1991. (b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit complete applications for permit renewal after July 1, 1991. (6) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications on or before July 1, 1991, may: (a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the time the permit was issued and with the conditions of the existing construction or operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or (b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter. (7) The standards and requirements of Part II of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., and Rules 62-600.500 and 62-600.530, F.A.C., shall be applicable to septic tank drainfield systems and other on-site waste treatment systems with subsurface disposal regulated by this chapter. The reliability requirements of paragraph 62-600.400(1)(b), F.A.C., shall not apply to such septic tank drainfield systems and other on-site waste treatment systems. (8) The discharge limitation of subsection 62-600.510(4), F.A.C., shall not be applicable to facilities permitted on or before January 1, 1982, that discharge into Class II waters or Class III waters which are subsequently reclassified as Class II waters. (9) This chapter provides for exemptions, allowances for existing facilities and variations from standards and requirements. Unless specifically provided otherwise, no wastewater permit shall be issued or renewed unless the permit applicant demonstrates that the subject facility is in compliance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:Setting construction and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the processes for planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant monitoring, 62-601 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, as amended, part of the Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act, requires that any Department operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be developed as a rule. This rule is promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of the Act concerning domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring. (2) The purpose of Chapter 62-601, F.A.C., is to ensure that owners and operators of domestic wastewater treatment facilities maintain accurate records and submit reports required by this Chapter in a timely, accurate, cost-effective and uniform manner. (3) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities (including residuals management facilities). The standards and requirements are not applicable to facilities described in Rules 62-600.120(1) and (2), F.A.C. (a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and modifications or expansions of existing facilities that submit complete permit applications to the Department after July 1, 1991. (b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit complete applications for permit renewal after July 1, 1991. (4) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications on or before July 1, 1991 may: (a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the time the permit was issued and with the conditions of the existing construction or operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or (b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:Setting monitoring requirements and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:to implement the provisions and requirements concerning domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Discharge Limitations; Manufacturing & Trade; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Dredge and Fill Activities, 62-312 Florida Administrative Code. This part provides the requirements and procedures for obtaining permits and jurisdictional declaratory statements from the Department pursuant to Sections 403.91 through 403.929, F.S. Dredging or filling which is grandfathered by subsections 403.913(6), (8) and (9), F.S., is governed by Rules 62-312.150 and 62-312.160, F.A.C. The requirements of this part are in addition to and not in lieu of the water quality standards which are required by other portions of these sections. Except for the definitions contained in Rule 62-312.020, F.A.C., which shall also apply to activities regulated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., the provisions of this Part shall only apply to activities in the geographical territory of the Northwest Florida Water Management District and to activities grandfathered under Sections 373.414(9), (11), (12)(a), (13), (14), (15) and (16), F.S. Specific Authority 373.414(11)-(16), 373.4145, 403.805(1) FS. Law Implemented 373.409, 373.413, 373.414(9), (11), (12)(a), (13), (14), (15), (16), 373.4145, 373.416, 373.418, 403.061, 403.813, 403.814 FS. History�New 12-10-84, Amended 8-7-85, Formerly 17-12.010, 17-312.010, Amended 10-3-95.

Application to Coral Reefs:The permit reviewers will require BMP for dredge and fill activities. This will include siltation reduction methods that will keep sediment, nutrient and other contaminants from leaving the work site and getting into the water column and potentially reaching sensitive ecosysten, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This part provides the requirements and procedures for obtaining permits and jurisdictional declaratory statements from the Department for dredge and fill activities. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters 		Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Large Ships; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Toxics
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction, 62-285 Florida Administrative Code. Florida LEV Program. The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) adopts this rule to establish a Florida low emission vehicle (LEV) program that implements California motor vehicle emission standards pursuant to s. 177 of the Clean Air Act. This rule refers to many sections of chapter 1, division 3, title 13 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), adopted and incorporated by reference at subsection 62-285.400(9), F.A.C. This rule also includes provisions specific to implementation in Florida.

Application to Coral Reefs:Reducing greenhouse gases will contibute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, this rule applies to any heavy-duty diesel engine powered motor vehicle. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
Ground Water Classes, Standards, and Exemptions, 62-520 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Purpose. (a) Article II, Section 7 of the Florida Constitution requires abatement of water pollution and conservation and protection of Florida�s natural resources. (b) The present and future most beneficial uses of all ground waters of the state have been designated by the Department by means of the classification system set forth in this chapter in accordance with Section 403.061(10), F.S. Water quality standards are established by the Department to protect these designated uses. (c) Because activities outside the state sometimes cause pollution of Florida�s waters, the Department will make every reasonable effort to have such pollution abated. (d) Water quality standards apply equally to and shall be uniformly enforced in both the public and private sector. (e) �Public interest� shall not be construed to mean only those activities conducted solely to provide facilities or benefits to the general public. Private activities conducted for private purposes may also be in the public interest. (f) The Commission requests the Secretary to seek and use the best environmental information available when making decisions on the effects of chronically and acutely toxic substances and carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances. Additionally, the Secretary is requested to seek and encourage innovative research and development in waste treatment alternatives that might better preserve environmental quality and at the same time reduce the energy and dollar costs of operation. (g) The present and future most beneficial uses of ground waters of the state shall be protected to ensure the availability and utility of this invaluable resource. To achieve such protection, the ground waters of the state are classified and appropriate water quality criteria for those classes are set forth in this chapter. (h) The criteria set forth in this chapter are minimum levels which are necessary to protect the designated use of ground waters. It is the intent of the Commission that permit applicants should not be penalized because of a low detection limit associated with any specific criterion.

Application to Coral Reefs:Groundwater flow will eventually bring the groundwater to an area where by intrusion it will enter waterbodies such as lakes, streams, estuaries, and the ocean. If the groundwater is contaminated, the contamination then enters the waterbody. The contaminants will affect the open water environment and degrade that system.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies
Ground Water Permitting and Monitoring Requirements, 62-522 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Unless exempted by Rule 62-520.500, 62-520.510 or 62-520.520, F.A.C., no installation shall directly or indirectly discharge into ground water any contaminant that causes a violation in the water quality standards and criteria for the receiving ground water as established in Chapter 62-520, F.A.C., except within a zone of discharge established by permit or rule pursuant to this chapter. (2) Zones of discharge shall be allowed for projects or facilities that allow direct contact with ground water listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) below, which provide beneficial discharges through wells to ground water as described in the cited rules. (a) Projects designed to recharge aquifers with surface water of comparable quality, or projects designed to transfer water across or between aquifers of comparable quality for the purpose of storage or conservation; (b) Facilities permitted under Rule 62-610.466, F.A.C., for aquifer storage and recovery of reclaimed water, subsection 62- 610.560(3), F.A.C., for ground water recharge by injection of reclaimed water, or subsection 62-610.562(4), F.A.C., for creation of salinity barrier systems by injection of reclaimed water; and (c) Department-approved aquifer remediation projects that use Class V, Group 4, underground injection control wells as described in paragraph 62-528.600(2)(d), F.A.C. A zone of discharge shall be allowed for primary standards for ground water for closed-loop re-injection systems and for the prime constituents of the reagents used to remediate site contaminants, and for the secondary standards for ground water, as specified in a Department-approved remedial action plan that addresses the duration and size of the zone of discharge, and ground water monitoring requirements. (3) Other discharges through wells or sinkholes that allow direct contact with class G-I, Class F-I, or Class G-II ground water shall not be allowed a zone of discharge. (4) Discharges that may cause an imminent hazard to the public or the environment through contamination of underground supplies of drinking water or surface water affected by the ground water. (5) Installations operated to render water fit for human consumption and which dispose non-hazardous concentrates from membrane separation technologies, such as reverse osmosis, membrane softening, ultra-filtration, and electrodialysis, through land application operations are exempt from obtaining a zone of discharge in order to discharge to ground water, provided the applicant demonstrates that the receiving unconfined aquifer exhibits a natural background total dissolved solids concentration exceeding 1500 mg/L. Installations discharging to such aquifers shall not cause a violation of primary or secondary drinking water standards at any private or public water supply well outside of the installation�s property boundary. (6) It is the intent of the Department whenever possible to incorporate ground water discharge considerations into other Department permits as appropriate, and not to require a separate permit for discharges to ground water. However, any published notice of proposed agency action on an application for a permit shall contain notice, when appropriate, that ground water considerations are being incorporated into such permits. (7) The purpose of monitoring is to ensure that the permitting of zones of discharge, or exemptions therefrom, will not cause a violation of ground water standards. Ground water monitoring is intended to allow predictions to be made of the movement and composition of the discharge plume and compliance with applicable state ground water standards at the boundary of the zone of discharge. Efforts shall be made to minimize the number and cost of monitoring wells, consistent with the ability to obtain useful and reliable information. (8) Existing installations discharging to Class G-II ground water are exempt from compliance with secondary standards outside of a zone of discharge obtained by Department permit or rule except where compliance is required under Rule 62-520.520, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Groundwater flow will eventually bring the groundwater to an area where by intrusion it will enter waterbodies such as lakes, streams, estuaries, and the ocean. If the groundwater is contaminated, the contamination then enters the waterbody. The contaminants will affect the open water environment and degrade that system.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Prohibits the discharge into ground water any contaminant that causes a violation in the water quality standards and criteria for the receiving ground water. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Waste Management Policies
Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs); Regulations to establish a No Discharge Zone (NDZ) for State waters within the boundary of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary,Code of Federal Regulations § 40 CFR Part 140, 67 FR 35735. US EPA established a no discharge zone within the boundaies of the FKNMS pursuant to section 312 (f) (4) (a) of the Clean Water Act.

Application to Coral Reefs:Prohibition of waste discharges protects reefs system from eutrophication by the nutrients in waste (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus) as well as the debris and sediment in the waste.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Algae; Ballast Discharge; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Test Procedures, 62-242 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter pursuant to the Florida Clean Outdoor Air Law, Section 325.201, F.S., and in order to provide the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles with the necessary rules, standards, and criteria to administer the Florida Motor Vehicle Inspection Program. (2) The Legislature has directed that in order to implement the Motor Vehicle Inspection Program, the Department of Environmental Protection will set the standards and criteria listed below. (a) Designation of program area (Section 325.204, F.S.). (b) Emissions testing and inspection procedures (Section 325.206, F.S.). (c) Inspection pass/fail criteria (Section 325.206, F.S.). (d) Test equipment performance specifications (Sections 325.206, .212, and .213, F.S.). (e) Definition of low emission adjustment (Section 325.209, F.S.). (f) Inspection personnel training criteria (Section 325.213(1)(d), F.S.). (3) The Department has set the vehicle in-use emission standards at levels that are achievable with proper operation and maintenance of the various model year vehicles, if they have not been tampered with, and which will result in a significant reduction in ozone-causing air pollutant emissions from automobiles and light duty trucks. It is the Department�s intent that eligibility for emission control system performance warranty repairs of these vehicles be protected by reference to 40 CFR 85.2201 (Subpart W) � Emission Control System Performance Warranty Short Tests. (4) This chapter, and the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles rules it references, are intended as an integral part of the Department�s program to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation and stanards for air emissions will contribute to lower greenhouse gasses and assist in combating ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Transportation Policies
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 as amended through 1982,. Declared a national policy that will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment : promote efforts that will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere: stimulate the health and welfare of resources important to the Nation and establish a Council on Environmental Quality.

Application to Coral Reefs:Re-athorizes NEPA of 1969. Provides additional funding.

Legislative Actions:The Act potentially could protect coral reefs if the proposed federal project could have a significant impact on the reef.

Comments:The amendments did not add regulations to the Act 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Educational & Research Opportunities; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Mining; Oil & Gas Industry; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Toxics; Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1431-1445. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to designate and manage areas of the marine environment with special national significance due to their conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational, or esthetic qualities as National Marine Sanctuaries.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels, or unique habitats.

Legislative Actions:NOAA may impose civil penalties up tp $130,000 per day per violation. Criminal penalties were added in the 2000 amendments for interfering or resisting with any enforcement of the NMSA, or providing false information to the Secretary or any officer authorized to enforce NMSA. The 2000 amendments made it illegal to offer for sale, purchase, import, or export, any sanctuary resource and increased enforcement authority.

Comments:There are 13 marine sanctuaries in the National Marine Sactuary System, six of which were created after 1990. Each sanctuary has a separarte staff and program in its local region. 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; CO2; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Corporate Responses; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Political Pressure; Recreational Opportunities; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 33 United States Code §§ 2701 et seq. Established limitations on liability for damages resulting from oil pollution, established a fund for the payment of compensation for such damages, mandated the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan to provide organizational structure and procedures for responding to spills.

Application to Coral Reefs:In the event of an oil spill that contaminates a coral reef, the Act could be used to determine liability and provide funds for rapid cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Can provide fines for failing to notify the appropriate federal agency of a maximum of $250,000 per day for an individual and a maximum of $500,000 for an organization. Civil penalties are authorized at $25,000 per day of violation or $1,000 per barrel of oil discharged. Prison sentences up to a maximum of fifteen years can be imposed on violators.

Comments:The Act was signed in 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdex incident. The Act improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and and provided the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills. The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was established and provided up to one billion dollars per spill incident. 		US Coast Guard/US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters 		Chemical Variables; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Non-point Source Controls; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Toxics; Wetlands
Regulation of stormwater discharge, 62-25 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1988). The discharge of untreated stormwater may reasonably be expected to be a source of pollution of waters of the state and is, therefore, subject to Department regulation. The Departmnet shall prevent pollution of waters of the state by discharges of stormwater, to ensure that the designated most beneficial uses of waters, as prescribed by Chapter 62-302, F.A.C., are protected. A permit under this chapter will be required only for new stormwater discharge facilities as defined herein. This provision shall not affect the Department's authority to require appropriate corrective action, pursuant to Sections 403.121-.161.F.S., whenever existing facilities cause or contribute to violations of state water quality standards. Stormwater discharges to groundwaters shall be regulated under the provisions of Chapters 62-520 and 62-522, F.A.C., and other applicable rules of the Department. The Department intends that, to the greatest extent practicable, the provisions of this chapter be delegated to either local governments or water management districts seeking such delegation.

Application to Coral Reefs:Limiting the contaminants and their concentrations in stormwater discharge will reduce the contamination reaching various habitats, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Floridfa Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Impervious Surfaces; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency, 62-016 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies provided for in Section 220.192, F.S. Specific Authority 377.804(3), 377.806(7), 220.192(3) FS. Law Implemented 377.801, 377.802, 377.803, 377.804, 377.806, 220.192 FS. History � New 10-22-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:The regulation could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal fired electric generating plants and thus reduce ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Requirements for Sources Subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program, 62-214 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72. Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at either 40 CFR 72.2 or 76.2 or Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. The provisions of 40 CFR Parts 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 referenced in this rule are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling toxic air emissions will contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gasses and assist in reducing ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 CFR. Part 72. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Ocean Acidity
Small Community Wastewater Construction Grants Program, 62-505 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Florida�s Small Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program is authorized by Sections 403.1835 and 403.1838, F.S. These statutes authorize the Department to fund the planning, design, and construction of wastewater management systems for qualifying small municipalities. (2) This chapter sets forth the Department�s program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance from the Small Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program. (3) Highest priority is given to projects that address the most serious risks to public health, are necessary to achieve compliance, or assist systems most in need based on an affordability index. Specific Authority 403.1835(10) FS. Law Implemented 403.1835(3)(d), 403.1838 FS. History � New 1-25-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:Providing financial assistance to parties interested in building wastewater treatment palnts and best available standards for construction will result in higher treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to waters of the state. Less contaminated water will reach the marine environment where it would have the potential to adversely effect ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:sets forth the program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance from the Small
Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Environmental Education & Outreach; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
State Revolving Fund Loan Program, 62-503 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Florida�s water pollution control revolving loan program is authorized by Section 403.1835, F.S. This statute establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund, which meets federal requirements for a State Revolving Fund. The statute authorizes the Department to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems. The Act also authorizes financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. Project examples include brownfield remediation, wetland restoration, septic tank problem correction, best management practices (especially those for agricultural operations) for controlling leaching and runoff, animal waste management, boat discharge elimination, or other needs identified by the Department�s nonpoint source management program. National estuary program projects also may be eligible. (2) The federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, commonly called the Clean Water Act, authorizes federal appropriations for grants to the Department to capitalize the State Revolving Fund. The Act requires that the state contribute matching funds of 20% to qualify for federal capitalization grants. The State Revolving Fund must be operated in perpetuity by the Department. (3) This rule sets forth the Department�s program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance. Specific Authority 403.1835(5)(a) FS. Law Implemented 403.1835 FS. History - New 7-29-04.

Application to Coral Reefs:Providing financial assistance to parties interested in building wastewater treatment palnts and best available standards for construction will result in higher treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to waters of the state. Less contaminated water will reach the marine environment where it would have the potential to adversely effect ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems and to provide financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Environmental Education & Outreach; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Stationary Sources - Emission Standards, 62-296 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish emission limiting standards and compliance requirements for stationary sources of air pollutant emissions. (2) The chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. Where work practice standards, including requirements for specific types of pollution control equipment, are provided for in this chapter, such standards shall be of the same force and effect as emission limiting standards. The emission limiting and work practice standards of Rule 62-296.320, F.A.C., and Rules 62-296.401 through 62-296.480, F.A.C., are applicable statewide. The reasonably available control technology requirements are established for specific areas of the state as set forth in Rules 62-296.500, 62-296.600, and 62-296.700, F.A.C. (3) A facility or emissions unit subject to any standard or requirement of 40 CFR. Part 60, 61, 63 or 65, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall comply with such standard or requirement. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve a facility or emissions unit from complying with such standard or requirement, provided, however, that where a facility or emissions unit is subject to a standard established in this chapter, such standard shall also apply. (4) Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling air emission pollutants can assist in controlling ocean acid acidification and the damaging effect of ocean water acidification on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, the chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate Regulation; CO2; Corporate Responses; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients
Surface water quality standards, 62-302 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). The Chapter establishes the minimum concentrations of contamination that are allowable to protect the designated uses of a waterbody. Designated uses include public drinking water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife, agricultural, recreation, industrial, and navigation.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting surface waters by limiting the concentration of pollutants that can be present will control the concentrations of those pollutants that will reach estuarine and marine environments, thus protecting the associated ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Penalties are not presented in the Rule. Specific requirements and penalties are addrressed in individual permits. The Rule relies heavily on biocriteria including acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Section 400 presents the classes of Florida waters; Class I potable water supplies, Class II shellfish propagation or harvesting, Class III recreation, propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife, Class IV agricultural water supplies, Class V navigation, utility and industrial use.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designate Protected Species; Discharge Limitations; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Impervious Surfaces; Invertebrates; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Tampering with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Equipment, 62-243 Florida Administrative Code. The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish procedures to determine compliance with those parts of Section 316.2935, F.S., which provide that no person shall operate on the public roads or streets of this state any motor vehicle that has been tampered with and that no person or motor vehicle dealer as defined in Section 320.27, F.S., shall offer or display for retail sale or lease, sell, lease or transfer title to a motor vehicle in Florida that has been tampered with. Specific Authority: 316.2935, F.S. Law Implemented: 316.2935, 316.6105, 318.18, 325.209, F.S. History.: New 2-21-90, Amended 5-29-90, Formerly 17-243.100.

Application to Coral Reefs:Vehicles with properly operating air pollution control equipment will dischage less air polllutants and will contribute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust by ensuring that that the air pollution control equipment of the motor
vehicle has not been tampered with. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act, Public Law 101-605 (H.R. 5909 United States Code (1990). To protect the resources of the area delineated in section 5(b) of the Act, to educate and interpret for the public regarding the Florida Keys marine environment, and to manage such human uses of the Sanctuary consistent with the Act. Nothing in the Act is intended to restrict activities that do not cause adverse effects to the resources or property of the Sanctuary or that do not pose harm to the users of the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the thrid largest coral reef barrier in the world. Included in the FKNMS are Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 squared nautical miles of coral reefs.The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive in the Sanctuary. From Miami to the Marquesas Keys there are over 6000 patch reefs. The Act also protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, futher protecting mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act required the preparation of a comprehensive mangement plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:Large vessel groundings on coral reefs in the Florida Keys was a major driver for the designation of the Sanctuary. In 1989, there were three groundings of large commercial vessels on the coral reef tract within an eighteen day period. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as lead agency and Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, and Monroe County as Co-Trustees

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Transportation
Total maximum daily loads, 62-304 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). The Chapter establishes Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), and their allocations, for waters that have been verified to be impaired by a pollutant pursuant to Chapter 62-303. F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Envitonmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
United States; State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Biomedical Research Policies; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Impervious Surfaces; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Water quality based effluent limitations, 62-650 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To implement the provisions of Section 403.051, 403.085 through 403.088 concerning the development of effluent limitations for wastewater facilities.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Florida Air and Water Pollution Act establishes that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessay to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Requiring treatment of industrial and domestic waste water indirectly protects adjoining ecosystem, such as reefs, by limiting the pollutant that reach these other systems.

Legislative Actions:The Department shall not issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state, unless the Department has established an efflent limit for those pollutants in the discharge that are present in quantities or concentrations which can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute, directly or indirectly, to a violation of any water quality standard established in rule 62-302. The effluent limit may be a technology based effluent limit (TBEL), a water quality based effluent limit (WQBEL) determined by a Level 1 process, or where applicable, a WQBEL determined by a Level 2 process.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Domestic Animal Waste; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Wetland applications, 62-611 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To provide qualitative and quantitative design criteria discharge limits, permitting requirements, and monitoring requirements for wetlands, man-made and natural, receiving domestic wastewater.

Application to Coral Reefs:Because wetlands act as buffers and remove nutrients from contaminated water, in many case the nutrients will not reach the estuarine and marine environments and potentially have an adverse effect on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative in nature and specific pollutant limits and monitoring requirements are specified in individual permits

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge

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