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ReefLink Database

Responses

Responses

Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Responses include policies, strategies, and interventions to address specific issues, needs, opportunities, or problems. In the context of ecosystem management, responses may be of legal, technical, institutional, economic, and behavioral nature and may operate at local or micro, regional, national, or international level and at various time scales (MEA 2009).

CMap

Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Food & energy policies are legislation, restrictions, and guidelines that pertain to sectors that harvest or extract natural resources. Health policies are responses that impact the functioning of health sectors, including waste management facilities, biomedical research, and development and sale of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Infrastructural policies are responses, including zoning, codes, or regulations, that impact the distribution and functioning of socio-economic sectors that provide infrastructure. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Security and public administration policies are responses to improve the decision-making and enforcement abilities of governmental institutions. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Valuation is the process of estimating the worth, merit, or desirability of benefits derived from ecosystems. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Cultural policies are responses that impact the distribution and functioning of cultural sectors, including tourism, recreation, education, and social organization. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals.

CMap Description

Changes in ecosystem services or their perceived value elicit responses from decision-makers. Responses may seek to control socio-economic drivers through policies or economic decisions that directly influence sectors, or to control pressures through regulations or technology that limit human activities or attempt to modify human behavior. Responses may seek to better understand or preserve the reef ecosystem through monitoring or restoration activities. Decision-makers may also seek to quantify the importance of ecosystem services through various valuation methods.

Citations

More than 2000 citations. Sorting and filtering have been disabled. Choose a more specific topic to narrow number of citations.

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Delean, S. and G. De'ath. 20008. Spatial and temoporal patterns of indicators of reef health on the Great Barrier Reef. Report to the Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility, Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cains, Australia. 20008 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Fish; Resource Use Management
Principe, P., P. Bradley, S. Yee, W. Fisher, E. Johnson, P. Allen, and D. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying Coral Reef Ecosystem Services. EPA/600/R-11/206, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2012 Global Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beach & Land Formation; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Bruno, F; Bianco, G; Muzzupappa, M; Barone, S; Razionale, AV. 2011. Experimentation of structured light and stereo vision for underwater 3D reconstruction. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 66:508-518. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Wedding, L. M., C. A. Lepczyk, S. J. Pittman, A. M. Friedlander, and S. Jorgensen. 2011. Quantifying seascape structure: extending terrestrial spatial pattern metrics to the marine realm. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:219-232. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Peng, SE; Chen, WNU; Chen, HK; Lu, CY; Mayfield, AB; Fang, LS; Chen, CS. 2011. Lipid bodies in coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis: Proteomic and ultrastructural studies. Proteomics 11:3540-3555. 2011 Cleaner & Solvent Use; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Dick, DM; Hines, EM. 2011. Using distance sampling techniques to estimate bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) abundance at Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Marine Mammal Science 27:606-621. 2011 South & Central America; Belize Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Ports & Harbors; Whales & Dolphins
Vasquez-Yeomans, L; Vega-Cendejas, ME; Montero, JL; Sosa-Cordero, E. 2011. High species richness of early stages of fish in a locality of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System: a small-scale survey using different sampling gears. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:2379-2392. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish
Hsieh, HYJ; Chen, KS; Lin, YHI; Huang, YCA; Baird, AH; Tsai, WS; Su, WC; Chen, CLA. 2011. Establishment of a No-take Area (NTA) could not Guarantee the Preservation of Coral Communities in Chinwan Inner Bay, Penghu, Taiwan. Zoological Studies 50:443-453. 2011 Taiwan Rate functions Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Snails & Conch
Bostrom, C; Pittman, SJ; Simenstad, C; Kneib, RT. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Docks & Marinas; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Schneider, K; Silverman, J; Woolsey, E; Eriksson, H; Byrne, M; Caldeira, K. 2011. Potential influence of sea cucumbers on coral reef CaCO(3) budget: A case study at One Tree Reef. Journal Of Geophysical Research-biogeosciences 116. 2011 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Fang, GC; Nam, DH; Basu, N. 2011. Mercury and selenium content of Taiwanese seafood. Food Additives & Contaminants Part B-surveillance 4:212-217. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Taiwan Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Onton, K; Page, CA; Wilson, SK; Neale, S; Armstrong, S. 2011. Distribution and drivers of coral disease at Ningaloo reef, Indian Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 433:75-84. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India Climate; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Strubin, C; Steinegger, M; Bshary, R. 2011. On Group Living and Collaborative Hunting in the Yellow Saddle Goatfish (Parupeneus cyclostomus). Ethology 117:961-969. 2011 Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
Bellchambers, LM; Meeuwig, JJ; Evans, SN; Legendre, P. 2011. Modelling habitat associations of the common spider conch in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 432:83-90. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Torres-Pratts, H; Lado-Insua, T; Rhyne, AL; Rodriguez-Matos, L; Schizas, NV. 2011. Two distinct, geographically overlapping lineages of the corallimorpharian Ricordea florida (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia: Ricordeidae). Coral Reefs 30:391-396. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Guarderas, AP; Hacker, SD; Lubchenco, J. 2011. Ecological effects of marine reserves in Latin America and the Caribbean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 429:219-U847. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Edwards, HJ; Elliott, IA; Eakin, CM; Irikawa, A; Madin, JS; McField, M; Morgan, JA; van Woesik, R; Mumby, PJ. 2011. How much time can herbivore protection buy for coral reefs under realistic regimes of hurricanes and coral bleaching? Global Change Biology 17:2033-2048. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Bahamas; Belize; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Ocean Acidity; Resource Use Management; Sea Temperatures; Sea Urchins; Storms & Hurricanes
Wagner, D; Waller, RG; Toonen, RJ. 2011. Sexual reproduction of Hawaiian black corals, with a review of the reproduction of antipatharians (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Biology 130:211-225. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Marine Protected Areas
Klemas, V. 2011. Remote Sensing Techniques for Studying Coastal Ecosystems: An Overview. Journal of Coastal Research 27:2-17. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Salinity; Wetlands
Klemas, V. 2011. Beach Profiling and LIDAR Bathymetry: An Overview with Case Studies. Journal of Coastal Research 27:1019-1028. 2011 Global; Florida Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Graham, NAJ; Nash, KL; Kool, JT. 2011. Coral reef recovery dynamics in a changing world. Coral Reefs 30:283-294. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Caribbean Review Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars
Vila-Nova, DA; Bender, MG; Carvalho, A; Ferreira, CEL; Floeter, SR. 2011. The Use of Non-reef Habitats by Brazilian Reef Fish Species: Considerations for the Design of Marine Protected Areas. Natureza and Conservacao 9:79-86. 2011 Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Saenz-Agudelo, P; Jones, GP; Thorrold, SR; Planes, S. 2011. Connectivity dominates larval replenishment in a coastal reef fish metapopulation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:2954-2961. 2011 Papua New Guinea Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Whitall, D. R., B. M. Costa, L. J. Bauer, A. Dieppa, and S. D. Hile, editors. 2011. A Baseline Assessment of the Ecological Resources of Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 133, NOAA, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2011 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Kerr, AM; Baird, AH; Hughes, TP. 2011. Correlated evolution of sex and reproductive mode in corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:75-81. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Mouillot, D; Albouy, C; Guilhaumon, F; Lasram, FBR; Coll, M; Devictor, V; Meynard, CN; Pauly, D; Tomasini, JA; Troussellier, M; Velez, L; Watson, R; Douzery, EJP; Mouquet, N. 2011. Protected and Threatened Components of Fish Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Current Biology 21:1044-1050. 2011 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hamilton, RJ; Potuku, T; Montambault, JR. 2011. Community-based conservation results in the recovery of reef fish spawning aggregations in the Coral Triangle. Biological Conservation 144:1850-1858. 2011 Micronesia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Sinclair, W; Newman, SJ; Vianna, GMS; Williams, S; Aspden, WJ. 2011. Spatial Subdivision and Genetic Diversity in Populations on the East and West Coasts of Australia: The Multi-Faceted Case of Nautilus pompilius (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). Reviews in Fisheries Science 19:52-61. 2011 Australia Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid
Storlazzi, CD; Field, ME; Bothner, MH. 2011. The use (and misuse) of sediment traps in coral reef environments: theory, observations, and suggested protocols. Coral Reefs 30:23-38. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Substrate
Benedetti, A; Bramanti, L; Tsounis, G; Faimali, M; Pavanello, G; Rossi, S; Gili, JM; Santangelo, G. 2011. Applying cathodically polarised substrata to the restoration of a high value coral. Biofouling 27:799-809. 2011 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Octocoral
Edgar, GJ; Banks, SA; Bessudo, S; Cortes, J; Guzman, HM; Henderson, S; Martinez, C; Rivera, F; Soler, G; Ruiz, D; Zapata, FA. 2011. Variation in reef fish and invertebrate communities with level of protection from fishing across the Eastern Tropical Pacific seascape. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20:730-743. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica; Panama Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
McClanahan, TR. 2011. Human and coral reef use interactions: From impacts to solutions? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 408:3-10. 2011 Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas
van Woesik, R; Jordan-Garza, AG. 2011. Coral populations in a rapidly changing environment. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 408:11-20. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Malcolm, HA; Jordan, A; Smith, SDA. 2011. Testing a depth-based Habitat Classification System against reef fish assemblage patterns in a subtropical marine park. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:173-185. 2011 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, TR. 2011. Coral reef fish communities in management systems with unregulated fishing and small fisheries closures compared with lightly fished reefs - Maldives vs. Kenya. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:186-198. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Kenya; Maldives; India Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Jayaraju, N; Reddy, BCSR; Reddy, KR. 2011. Anthropogenic impact on Andaman coast monitoring with benthic foraminifera, Andaman Sea, India. Environmental Earth Sciences 62:821-829. 2011 India Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Lorenzo, B; Ilaria, V; Sergio, R; Stefano, S; Giovanni, S. 2011. Involvement of recreational scuba divers in emblematic species monitoring: The case of Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum). Journal for Nature Conservation 19:312-318. 2011 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Goater, S; Derne, B; Weinstein, P. 2011. Critical Issues in the Development of Health Information Systems in Supporting Environmental Health: A Case Study of Ciguatera. Environmental Health Perspectives 119:585-590. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Review Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Health Policies; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McClanahan, TR; Hicks, CC. 2011. Changes in life history and ecological characteristics of coral reef fish catch composition with increasing fishery management. Fisheries Management and Ecology 18:50-60. 2011 Kenya Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Atkins, J. P., D. Burdon, M. Elliott, and A. J. Gregory. 2011. Management of the marine environment: Integrating ecosystem services and societal benefits with the DPSIR framework in a systems approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:215-226. 2011 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Nanola, CL; Alino, PM; Carpenter, KE. 2011. Exploitation-related reef fish species richness depletion in the epicenter of marine biodiversity. Environmental Biology of Fishes 90:405-420. 2011 Philippines Aquarium & Pet Trade; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Tyler, EHM; Manica, A; Jiddawi, N; Speight, MR. 2011. A role for partially protected areas on coral reefs: maintaining fish diversity? Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:231-238. 2011 Tanzania Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McClanahan, TR; Muthiga, NA; Coleman, RA. 2011. Testing for top-down control: can post-disturbance fisheries closures reverse algal dominance? Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:658-675. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Van Rein, H; Brown, CJ; Schoeman, DS; Quinn, R; Breen, J. 2011. Fixed-station monitoring of a harbour wall community: the utility of low-cost photomosaics and scuba on hard-substrata. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:690-703. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Encrusting Sponges; Sponges
Arroyo, AM; Naim, SM; Hidalgo, JZ. 2011. Vulnerability to climate change of marine and coastal fisheries in Mexico. Atmosfera 24:103-123. 2011 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Model Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mitigation; Physical Variables; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Maynard, JA; Anthony, KRN; Harvell, CD; Burgman, MA; Beeden, R; Sweatman, H; Heron, SF; Lamb, JB; Willis, BL. 2011. Predicting outbreaks of a climate-driven coral disease in the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 30:485-495. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures
Shackeroff, JM; Campbell, LM; Crowder, LB. 2011. Social-Ecological Guilds: Putting People into Marine Historical Ecology. Ecology and Society 16. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Fishing Sector
Melbourne-Thomas, J., C. R. Johnson, T. Fung, R. M. Seymour, L. M. Cherubin, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, and E. A. Fulton. 2011. Regional-scale scenario modeling for coral reefs: a decision support tool to inform management of a complex system. Ecological Applications 21:1380-1398. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Physical Damage; Storms & Hurricanes
Melbourne-Thomas, J., C.R. Johnson, P.M. Ali�o, R.C. Geronimo, C.L. Villanoy, and G.G. Gurney. 2011. A multi-scale biophysical model to inform regional management of coral reefs in the western Philippines and South China Sea. Environmental Modelling & Software 26:66-82. 2011 China; Philippines Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Mitigation
Seppelt, R., C. F. Dormann, F. V. Eppink, S. Lautenbach, and S. Schmidt. 2011. A quantitative review of ecosystem service studies: approaches, shortcomings and the road ahead. Journal of Applied Ecology doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01952.x. 2011 Review; Model Resource Use Management; Valuation
Scales, KL; Lewis, JA; Lewis, JP; Castellanos, D; Godley, BJ; Graham, RT. 2011. Insights into habitat utilisation of the hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766), using acoustic telemetry. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 407:122-129. 2011 South & Central America; Belize Field Study & Monitoring Sea Turtles
Smith, SDA. 2011. Densities of the endolithic bivalve Lithophaga lessepsiana (Vaillant, 1865) in Pocillopora damicornis, Solitary Islands Marine Park, northern NSW, Australia. Molluscan Research 31:42-46. 2011 Australia Bivalves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Denis, V; Debreuil, J; De Palmas, S; Richard, J; Guillaume, MMM; Bruggemann, JH. 2011. Lesion regeneration capacities in populations of the massive coral Porites lutea at Reunion Island: environmental correlates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 428:105-117. 2011 Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Evans, LS; Brown, K; Allison, EH. 2011. Factors Influencing Adaptive Marine Governance in a Developing Country Context: a Case Study of Southern Kenya. Ecology and Society 16. 2011 Kenya; Oman Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Perez, P; Eustache, J; Fulton, EA; Cleland, D. 2011. Coupling Biophysical and Socioeconomic Models for Coral Reef Systems in Quintana Roo, Mexican Caribbean. Ecology and Society 16. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Tourism & Recreation
Pittman, SJ; Brown, KA. 2011. Multi-Scale Approach for Predicting Fish Species Distributions across Coral Reef Seascapes. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Meyer, E; Aglyamova, GV; Matz, MV. 2011. Profiling gene expression responses of coral larvae (Acropora millepora) to elevated temperature and settlement inducers using a novel RNA-Seq procedure. Molecular Ecology 20:3599-3616. 2011 Global; Europe Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Dailianis, T; Tsigenopoulos, CS; Dounas, C; Voultsiadou, E. 2011. Genetic diversity of the imperilled bath sponge Spongia officinalis Linnaeus, 1759 across the Mediterranean Sea: patterns of population differentiation and implications for taxonomy and conservation. Molecular Ecology 20:3757-3772. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Monetary Valuation; Sponges
Negri, AP; Hoogenboom, MO. 2011. Water Contamination Reduces the Tolerance of Coral Larvae to Thermal Stress. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global Model Climate; Mitigation; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Wu, JJ; Mak, YL; Murphy, MB; Lam, JCW; Chan, WH; Wang, MF; Chan, LL; Lam, PKS. 2011. Validation of an accelerated solvent extraction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for Pacific ciguatoxin-1 in fish flesh and comparison with the mouse neuroblastoma assay. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 400:3165-3175. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Java Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Clemente, S; Hernandez, JC; Brito, A. 2011. Context-dependent effects of marine protected areas on predatory interactions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 437:119-133. 2011 Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Engle, V. D. 2011. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services by Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands. Wetlands DOI10.1007/s13157-010-0132-9. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Review Carbon Storage & Cycling; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Elfman, L; Tooke, NE; Patring, JDM. 2011. Detection of pesticides used in rice cultivation in streams on the island of Leyte in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management 101:81-87. 2011 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Armoza-Zvuloni, R; Segal, R; Kramarsky-Winter, E; Loya, Y. 2011. Repeated bleaching events may result in high tolerance and notable gametogenesis in stony corals: Oculina patagonica as a model. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:149-159. 2011 Model Climate; Stony Coral
Webster, NS; Botte, ES; Soo, RM; Whalan, S. 2011. The larval sponge holobiont exhibits high thermal tolerance. Environmental Microbiology Reports 3:756-762. 2011 Global; Australia Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Sponges
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Alino, PM; Geronimo, RC; Villanoy, CL; Gurney, GG. 2011. A multi-scale biophysical model to inform regional management of coral reefs in the western Philippines and South China Sea. Environmental Modelling & Software 26:66-82. 2011 China; Philippines Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Nutrients; Sea Urchins
Aragon, J; Gonzalez, R; Fuentes, G; Palin, L; Croce, G; Viterbo, D. 2011. Development and Characterization of a Novel Bioresorbable and Bioactive Biomaterial Based on Polyvinyl Acetate, Calcium Carbonate and Coralline Hydroxyapatite. Materials Research-Ibero-American Journal of Materials 14:25-30. 2011 Cuba Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Nowak, K; Lee, PC. 2011. Demographic Structure of Zanzibar Red Colobus Populations in Unprotected Coral Rag and Mangrove Forests. Pages 24-45 in 22nd Congress of the International-Primatological-Society. NEW YORK. 2011 Global Index or Indicator Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Davies, AJ; Guinotte, JM. 2011. Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Stony Coral
Macdonald, AHH; Schleyer, MH; Lamb, JM. 2011. Acropora austera connectivity in the south-western Indian Ocean assessed using nuclear intron sequence data. Marine Biology 158:613-621. 2011 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; India; South Africa Index or Indicator Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Francis, T. B., P. S. Levin, and C. J.Harvey. 2011. The perils and promise of futures analysis in marine ecosystem-based management. Marine Policy 35:675-681. 2011 Review; Model Surface & Groundwater Flow
Graham, N. A. J., P. Chabanet, R. D. Evans, S. Jennings, Y. Letourneur, M. A. MacNeil, T. R. McClanahan, M. C. O� hman, N. V. C. Polunin, and S. K. Wilson. 2011. Extinction vulnerability of coral reef fishes. Ecology Letters 1-8. 2011 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Navalgund, RR; Singh, RP. 2011. Climate Change Studies Using Space Based Observation. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 39:281-295. 2011 Global; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Irrigation; Light; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Kjaer, KH; Ottosen, CO. 2011. Growth of Chrysanthemum in Response to Supplemental Light Provided by Irregular Light Breaks during the Night. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 136:3-9. 2011 Climate; Light; Primary Production; Utility Policies
McClanahan, TR; Graham, NAJ; MacNeil, MA; Muthiga, NA; Cinner, JE; Bruggemann, JH; Wilson, SK. 2011. Critical thresholds and tangible targets for ecosystem-based management of coral reef fisheries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108:17230-17233. 2011 Indian Ocean; India Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Baker, DM; Kim, K; Andras, JP; Sparks, JP. 2011. Light-mediated (15)N fractionation in Caribbean gorgonian octocorals: implications for pollution monitoring. Coral Reefs 30:709-717. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Octocoral; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Shefferson, RP; McCormick, MK; Whigham, DF; O'Neill, JP. 2011. Life history strategy in herbaceous perennials: inferring demographic patterns from the aboveground dynamics of a primarily subterranean, myco-heterotrophic orchid. Oikos 120:1291-1300. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Primary Production
Smallwood, CB; Beckley, LE; Moore, SA; Kobryn, HT. 2011. Assessing patterns of recreational use in large marine parks: A case study from Ningaloo Marine Park, Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:330-340. 2011 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Cullen-Unsworth, LC; Pretty, J; Smith, DJ. 2011. Developing community-derived indicators of economic status in the coral triangle: A management support tool. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:446-454. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Housing; Marine Protected Areas
Di Franco, A; De Benedetto, G; De Rinaldis, G; Raventos, N; Sahyoun, R; Guidetti, P. 2011. Large scale-variability in otolith microstructure and microchemistry: The case study of Diplodus sargus sargus (Pisces: Sparidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Italian Journal of Zoology 78:182-192. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton
Kininmonth, S; Beger, M; Bode, M; Peterson, E; Adams, VM; Dorfman, D; Brumbaugh, DR; Possingham, HP. 2011. Dispersal connectivity and reserve selection for marine conservation. Ecological Modelling 222:1272-1282. 2011 Model Marine Protected Areas
Gao, L; Hailu, A. 2011. Evaluating the effects of area closure for recreational fishing in a coral reef ecosystem: The benefits of an integrated economic and biophysical modeling. Ecological Economics 70:1735-1745. 2011 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Fung, T; Seymour, RM; Cherubin, LM; Arias-Gonzalez, JE; Fulton, EA. 2011. Regional-scale scenario modeling for coral reefs: a decision support tool to inform management of a complex system. Ecological Applications 21:1380-1398. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Nutrients; Physical Damage; Sea Urchins; Storms & Hurricanes
Pittman, S. J. and K. A. Brown. 2011. Multi-Scale Approach for Predicting Fish Species Distributions across Coral Reef Seascapes. PLoS One 3:1-12. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Kragt, M. E., L. T. H. Newham, J. Bennett, and A. J. Jakeman. 2011. An integrated approach to linking economic valuation and catchment modelling. Environmental Modelling & Software 26:92-102. 2011 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Farmer, NA; Ault, JS. 2011. Grouper and snapper movements and habitat use in Dry Tortugas, Florida. Marine Ecology Progress Series 433:169-184. 2011 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Mumby, PJ; Vitolo, R; Stephenson, DB. 2011. Temporal clustering of tropical cyclones and its ecosystem impacts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108:17626-17630. 2011 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Haiti; Jamaica; Belize; Honduras; Costa Rica; Caribbean Model Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Storms & Hurricanes
Ananthasubramaniam, B; Nisbet, RM; Morse, DE; Doyle, FJ. 2011. Integrate-and-fire models of insolation-driven entrainment of broadcast spawning in corals. Theoretical Ecology 4:69-85. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Linden, B; Rinkevich, B. 2011. Creating stocks of young colonies from brooding coral larvae, amenable to active reef restoration. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 398:40-46. 2011 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Kellner, JB; Sanchirico, JN; Hastings, A; Mumby, PJ. 2011. Optimizing for multiple species and multiple values: tradeoffs inherent in ecosystem-based fisheries management. Conservation Letters 4:21-30. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Ban, NC; Adams, V; Pressey, RL; Hicks, J. 2011. Promise and problems for estimating management costs of marine protected areas. Conservation Letters 4:241-252. 2011 Global; Australia Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Marine Protected Areas
Game, ET; Lipsett-Moore, G; Hamilton, R; Peterson, N; Kereseka, J; Atu, W; Watts, M; Possingham, H. 2011. Informed opportunism for conservation planning in the Solomon Islands. Conservation Letters 4:38-46. 2011 Solomon Islands GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas
Anderson, TJ; Nichol, SL; Syms, C; Przeslawski, R; Harris, PT. 2011. Deep-sea bio-physical variables as surrogates for biological assemblages, an example from the Lord Howe Rise. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58:979-991. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Variables; Sediment; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ateweberhan, M; McClanahan, TR; Graham, NAJ; Sheppard, CRC. 2011. Episodic heterogeneous decline and recovery of coral cover in the Indian Ocean. Coral Reefs 30:739-752. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Sri Lanka; India; Southeast Asia; Caribbean Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fukuda, S; Suzuki, I; Hama, T; Shiraiwa, Y. 2011. Compensatory response of the unicellular-calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi (Coccolithophoridales, Haptophyta) to ocean acidification. Journal of Oceanography 67:17-25. 2011 Cuba Algae; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting
Sato, Y; Bourne, DG; Willis, BL. 2011. Effects of temperature and light on the progression of black band disease on the reef coral, Montipora hispida. Coral Reefs 30:753-761. 2011 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pratchett, MS; Bay, LK; Gehrke, PC; Koehn, JD; Osborne, K; Pressey, RL; Sweatman, HPA; Wachenfeld, D. 2011. Contribution of climate change to degradation and loss of critical fish habitats in Australian marine and freshwater environments. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:1062-1081. 2011 Australia; India Review Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Ochavillo, D; Tofaeono, S; Sabater, M; Trip, EL. 2011. Population structure of Ctenochaetus striatus (Acanthuridae) in Tutuila, American Samoa: The use of size-at-age data in multi-scale population size surveys. Fisheries Research 107:14-21. 2011 Samoa; American Samoa Algae; Coralline Algae; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
La Mesa, G; Molinari, A; Bava, S; Finoia, MG; Cattaneo-Vietti, R; Tunesi, L. 2011. Gradients of abundance of sea breams across the boundaries of a Mediterranean marine protected area. Fisheries Research 111:24-30. 2011 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Karnauskas, M; McClellan, DB; Wiener, JW; Miller, MW; Babcock, EA. 2011. Inferring trends in a small-scale, data-limited tropical fishery based on fishery-independent data. Fisheries Research 111:40-52. 2011 South & Central America; Haiti; Caribbean Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Wattage, P; Glenn, H; Mardle, S; Van Rensburg, T; Grehan, A; Foley, N. 2011. Economic value of conserving deep-sea corals in Irish waters: A choice experiment study on marine protected areas. Fisheries Research 107:59-67. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Discharges; Fish; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies; Waste Management; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Grafton, RQ; Akter, S; Kompas, T. 2011. A Policy-enabling framework for the ex-ante evaluation of marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:478-487. 2011 Review Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Burt, J; Bartholomew, A; Sale, PF. 2011. Benthic development on large-scale engineered reefs: A comparison of communities among breakwaters of different age and natural reefs. Ecological Engineering 37:191-198. 2011 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Turf Algae
Rosendo, S; Brown, K; Joubert, A; Jiddawi, N; Mechisso, M. 2011. A clash of values and approaches: A case study of marine protected area planning in Mozambique. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:55-65. 2011 Global; Mozambique Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Richard Newton. 2011. Continental Marsh Preserve: Baseline Documentation File / Property Management Plan. 2011
Needham, MD; Szuster, BW; Bell, CM. 2011. Encounter norms, social carrying capacity indicators, and standards of quality at a marine protected area. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:633-641. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Marine Protected Areas; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation
Ban, NC; Adams, VM; Almany, GR; Ban, S; Cinner, JE; McCook, LJ; Mills, M; Pressey, RL; White, A. 2011. Designing, implementing and managing marine protected areas: Emerging trends and opportunities for coral reef nations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 408:21-31. 2011 Australia; Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Rasheed, M; Mian, S; Aubrey, D. 2011. Guidelines for EIA of fish and shrimp hatcheries in a semi-enclosed water body. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:678-686. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mitigation; Sediment
Mallela, J; Hermann, J; Rapp, RP; Eggins, SM. 2011. Fine-scale phosphorus distribution in coral skeletons: combining X-ray mapping by electronprobe microanalysis and LA-ICP-MS. Coral Reefs 30:813-818. 2011 GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Cruz-Trinidad, A; Geronimo, RC; Cabral, RB; Alino, PM. 2011. How much are the Bolinao-Anda coral reefs worth? Ocean and Coastal Management 54:696-705. 2011 Philippines Model; Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Jentoft, S; Chuenpagdee, R; Pascual-Fernandez, JJ. 2011. What are MPAs for: On goal formation and displacement. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:75-83. 2011 Oman Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Muallil, RN; Geronimo, RC; Cleland, D; Cabral, RB; Doctor, MV; Cruz-Trinidad, A; Alino, PM. 2011. Willingness to exit the artisanal fishery as a response to scenarios of declining catch or increasing monetary incentives. Fisheries Research 111:74-81. 2011 China; Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Monetary Valuation
Pelletier, D; Leleu, K; Mou-Tham, G; Guillemot, N; Chabanet, P. 2011. Comparison of visual census and high definition video transects for monitoring coral reef fish assemblages. Fisheries Research 107:84-93. 2011 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Bradman, H; Grewe, P; Appleton, B. 2011. Direct comparison of mitochondrial markers for the analysis of swordfish population structure. Fisheries Research 109:95-99. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India; Pacific Ocean Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Stoeckl, N; Hicks, CC; Mills, M; Fabricius, K; Esparon, M; Kroon, F; Kaur, K; Costanza, R. 2011. The economic value of ecosystem services in the Great Barrier Reef: our state of knowledge. Ecological Economics Reviews 1219:113-133. 2011 Australia Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Detournay, O; Weis, VM. 2011. Role of the Sphingosine Rheostat in the Regulation of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbioses. Biological Bulletin 221:261-269. 2011 Cuba Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
Kayal, M; Lenihan, HS; Pau, C; Penin, L; Adjeroud, M. 2011. Associational refuges among corals mediate impacts of a crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci outbreak. Coral Reefs 30:827-837. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Seastars; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Fulton, EA. 2011. Interesting times: winners, losers, and system shifts under climate change around Australia. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:1329-1342. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Climate; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity
Beukers-Stewart, BD; Beukers-Stewart, JS; Jones, GP. 2011. Behavioural and developmental responses of predatory coral reef fish to variation in the abundance of prey. Coral Reefs 30:855-864. 2011 Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Scott, A; Malcolm, HA; Damiano, C; Richardson, DL. 2011. Long-term increases in abundance of anemonefish and their host sea anemones in an Australian marine protected area. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:187-196. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rooper, CN; Wilkins, ME; Rose, CS; Coon, C. 2011. Modeling the impacts of bottom trawling and the subsequent recovery rates of sponges and corals in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Continental Shelf Research 31:1827-1834. 2011 Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Sponges; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Huang, Z; Brooke, BP; Harris, PT. 2011. A new approach to mapping marine benthic habitats using physical environmental data. Continental Shelf Research 31:S4-S16. 2011 Australia; Spain GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sediment
Yahya, SAS; Gullstrom, M; Ohman, MC; Jiddawi, NS; Andersson, MH; Mgaya, YD; Lindahl, U. 2011. Coral bleaching and habitat effects on colonisation of reef fish assemblages: An experimental study. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 94:16-23. 2011 Tanzania Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Wei, WC; Lin, SY; Chen, YJ; Wen, CC; Huang, CY; Palanisamy, A; Yang, NS; Sheu, JH. 2011. Topical application of marine briarane-type diterpenes effectively inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and dermatitis in murine skin. Journal of Biomedical Science 18. 2011 China Index or Indicator Octocoral; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting
Brown, BE; Dunne, RP; Phongsuwan, N; Somerfield, PJ. 2011. Increased sea level promotes coral cover on shallow reef flats in the Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean. Coral Reefs 30:867-878. 2011 Indian Ocean; India; Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lapointe, BE; Bedford, BJ. 2011. Stormwater nutrient inputs favor growth of non-native macroalgae (Rhodophyta) on O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands. Harmful Algae 10:310-318. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lindahl, T; Soderqvist, T. 2011. Who wants to save the Baltic Sea when the success is uncertain? Regional Environmental Change 11:133-147. 2011 Monetary Valuation
Hur, SP; Takeuchi, Y; Esaka, Y; Nina, W; Park, YJ; Kang, HC; Jeong, HB; Lee, YD; Kim, SJ; Takemura, A. 2011. Diurnal expression patterns of neurohypophysial hormone genes in the brain of the threespot wrasse Halichoeres trimaculatus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and Integrative Physiology 158:490-497. 2011 Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Murillo, FJ; Munoz, PD; Altuna, A; Serrano, A. 2011. Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): interaction with fishing activities. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:319-332. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean GIS & Maps Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Whatmough, S; Van Putten, I; Chin, A. 2011. From hunters to nature observers: a record of 53 years of diver attitudes towards sharks and rays and marine protected areas. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:755-763. 2011 Australia; Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Huvenne, VAI; Tyler, PA; Masson, DG; Fisher, EH; Hauton, C; Huhnerbach, V; Le Bas, TP; Wolff, GA. 2011. A Picture on the Wall: Innovative Mapping Reveals Cold-Water Coral Refuge in Submarine Canyon. PLoS One 6. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stevenson, TC; Tissot, BN; Dierking, J. 2011. Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:813-822. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kvitt, H; Rosenfeld, H; Zandbank, K; Tchernov, D. 2011. Regulation of Apoptotic Pathways by Stylophora pistillata (Anthozoa, Pocilloporidae) to Survive Thermal Stress and Bleaching. PLoS One 6. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Wiebe, A; Sturman, A; Mcgowan, H. 2011. Wavelet Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence over a Coral Reef Flat. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28:698-708. 2011 Global; Australia Climate; Monetary Valuation
Golbuu, Y; Friedlander, AM. 2011. Spatial and temporal characteristics of grouper spawning aggregations in marine protected areas in Palau, western Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 92:223-231. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Palau; Micronesia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Bouma, JA; Kuik, O; Dekker, AG. 2011. Assessing the value of Earth Observation for managing coral reefs: An example from the Great Barrier Reef. Science of the Total Environment 409:4497-4503. 2011 Global; Australia; Europe Climate; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Simon, T; Pinheiro, HT; Joyeux, JC. 2011. Target fishes on artificial reefs: Evidences of impacts over nearby natural environments. Science of the Total Environment 409:4579-4584. 2011 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
van Rein, H; Brown, CJ; Quinn, R; Breen, J; Schoeman, D. 2011. An evaluation of acoustic seabed classification techniques for marine biotope monitoring over broad-scales (> 1 km(2)) and meso-scales (10 m(2)-1 km(2)). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 93:336-349. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Jones, RJ. 2011. Spatial patterns of chemical contamination (metals, PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFS) in sediments of a non-industrialized but densely populated coral atoll/small island state (Bermuda). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1362-1376. 2011 South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics
Kininmontha, S., M. Beger, M. Bode, E. Peterson, V. M. Adams, D. Dorfman, D. R. Brumbaugh, and H. P. Possingham. 2011. Dispersal connectivity and reserve selection for marine conservation. Ecological Modelling 222:1272-1282. 2011 Model Marine Protected Areas
Hughes, L. 2011. Climate change and Australia: key vulnerable regions. Regional Environmental Change 11:S189-S195. 2011 Australia Review Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Perrings, C., A. Duraiappah, A. Larigauderie, and H. Mooney. 2011. The Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Science-Policy Interface. Science 331:1139-1140. 2011
Murugan, A; Dhanya, S; Sarcar, AB; Naganathan, V; Rajagopal, S; Balasubramanian, T. 2011. Fishery biology, demography of three spotted seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus inhabiting Gulf of Mannar region, Southeast coast of India. Indian journal of GeoMarine Sciences 40:411-423. 2011 India Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Nobi, EP; Dilipan, E; Sivakumar, K; Thangaradjou, T. 2011. Distribution and biology of seagrass resources of Lakshadweep group of Islands, India. Indian journal of GeoMarine Sciences 40:624-634. 2011 India Docks & Marinas; Seagrasses
Williams, AJ; Little, LR; Begg, GA. 2011. Balancing indigenous and non-indigenous commercial objectives in a coral reef finfish fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:834-847. 2011 Australia Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Santos, MN; Leitao, F; Moura, A; Cerqueira, M; Monteiro, CC. 2011. Diplodus spp. on artificial reefs of different ages: influence of the associated macrobenthic community. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:87-97. 2011 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Diaza, RG; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. Analysis of the co-evolutions of correlations as a tool for QSAR-modeling of carcinogenicity: an unexpected good prediction based on a model that seems untrustworthy. Central European Journal Of Chemistry 9:165-174. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. QSAR modelling toxicity toward rats of inorganic substances by means of CORAL. Central European Journal Of Chemistry 9:75-85. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications
Lin, YC; Huang, SY; Jean, YH; Chen, WF; Sung, CS; Kao, ES; Wang, HM; Chakraborty, C; Duh, CY; Wen, ZH. 2011. Intrathecal lemnalol, a natural marine compound obtained from Formosan soft coral, attenuates nociceptive responses and the activity of spinal glial cells in neuropathic rats. Behavioural Pharmacology 22:739-750. 2011 Model Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Fablet, R; Pecquerie, L; de Pontual, H; Hoie, H; Millner, R; Mosegaard, H; Kooijman, SALM. 2011. Shedding Light on Fish Otolith Biomineralization Using a Bioenergetic Approach. PLoS One 6. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Bivalves; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity
Oigman-Pszczol, SS; Creed, JC. 2011. Can patterns in benthic communities be explained by an environmental pressure index? Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2181-2189. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Leon, J; Woodroffe, CD. 2011. Improving the synoptic mapping of coral reef geomorphology using object-based image analysis. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 25:949-969. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Lamb, JB; Willis, BL. 2011. Using Coral Disease Prevalence to Assess the Effects of Concentrating Tourism Activities on Offshore Reefs in a Tropical Marine Park. Conservation Biology 25:1044-1052. 2011 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation
Claudet, J; Garcia-Charton, JA; Lenfant, P. 2011. Combined Effects of Levels of Protection and Environmental Variables at Different Spatial Resolutions on Fish Assemblages in a Marine Protected Area. Conservation Biology 25:105-114. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Fulton, EA. 2011. Regional-scale scenario analysis for the Meso-American Reef system: Modelling coral reef futures under multiple stressors. Ecological Modelling 222:1756-1770. 2011 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Nutrients; Sediment
Muko, S; Iwasa, Y. 2011. Optimal choice of species and size class for transplanting coral community. Journal of Theoretical Biology 273:130-137. 2011 Index or Indicator Mitigation
Samy, M; Lizaso, JLS; Forcada, A. 2011. Status of marine protected areas in Egypt. Pages 165-177 in Conference on SIEBM 2010. BARCELONA. 2011 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Grkovic, T; Whitson, EL; Rabe, DC; Gardella, RS; Bottaro, DP; Linehan, WM; McMahon, JB; Gustafson, KR; McKee, TC. 2011. Identification and evaluation of soft coral diterpenes as inhibitors of HIF-2 alpha induced gene expression. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21:2113-2115. 2011 Octocoral; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Lowe, PK; Bruno, JF; Selig, ER; Spencer, M. 2011. Empirical Models of Transitions between Coral Reef States: Effects of Region, Protection, and Environmental Change. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Model Climate; Marine Protected Areas
Leggat, W; Seneca, F; Wasmund, K; Ukani, L; Yellowlees, D; Ainsworth, TD. 2011. Differential Responses of the Coral Host and Their Algal Symbiont to Thermal Stress. PLoS One 6. 2011 Hydrocoral; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Plaisance, L; Caley, MJ; Brainard, RE; Knowlton, N. 2011. The Diversity of Coral Reefs: What Are We Missing? PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Stony Coral
Albright, R. 2011. Reviewing the Effects of Ocean Acidification on Sexual Reproduction and Early Life History Stages of Reef-Building Corals. Journal of Marine Biology 2011:1-14. 2011 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Bishop, R. C., D. J. Chapman, B. J. Kanninen, J. A. Krosnick, B. Leeworthy, and N. F. Meade. 2011. Total Ecolonic Value for Protecting and Restoring Hawaiian Coral Reef Ecosystems: Final Report. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 16, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD, USA. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Review Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing; Internet & Telecommunications; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Sjoo, GL; Mork, E; Andersson, S; Melander, I. 2011. Differences in top-down and bottom-up regulation of macroalgal communities between a reef crest and back reef habitat in Zanzibar. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 91:511-518. 2011 South & Central America; Tanzania; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Nutrients; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting
Salinas-de-Leon, P; Costales-Carrera, A; Zeljkovic, S; Smith, DJ; Bell, JJ. 2011. Scleractinian settlement patterns to natural cleared reef substrata and artificial settlement panels on an Indonesian coral reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 93:80-85. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral
Bostrom, C., S. J. Pittma, C. Simenstad, and R. T. Kneib. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. 2011 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Mills, M; Jupiter, SD; Pressey, RL; Ban, NC; Comley, J. 2011. Incorporating Effectiveness of Community-Based Management in a National Marine Gap Analysis for Fiji. Conservation Biology 25:1155-1164. 2011 Fiji; Philippines Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Rudd, MA. 2011. Scientists' Opinions on the Global Status and Management of Biological Diversity. Conservation Biology 25:1165-1175. 2011 Global; Southeast Asia; Europe Climate; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Internet & Telecommunications; Social Organizations
Feary, DA; Cinner, JE; Graham, NAJ; Januchowski-Hartley, FA. 2011. Effects of Customary Marine Closures on Fish Behavior, Spear-Fishing Success, and Underwater Visual Surveys. Conservation Biology 25:341-349. 2011 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
McClanahan, TR; Omukoto, JO. 2011. Comparison of Modern and Historical Fish Catches (AD 750-1400) to Inform Goals for Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable Fisheries. Conservation Biology 25:945-955. 2011 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Christensen, V., J. Steenbeek, and P. Failler. 2011. A combined ecosystem and value chain modeling approach for evaluating societal cost and benefit of fishing. Ecological Modelling 222:857-864. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Hart, MK; Shenoy, K; Crowley, PH. 2011. Sexual conflicts along gradients of density and predation risk: insights from an egg-trading fish. Evolutionary Ecology 25:1081-1105. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Worms; Planktivorous Fish
Brady, AK; Snyder, KA; Vize, PD. 2011. Circadian Cycles of Gene Expression in the Coral, Acropora millepora. PLoS One 6. 2011 Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Buddemeier, RW; Lane, DR; Martinich, JA. 2011. Modeling regional coral reef responses to global warming and changes in ocean chemistry: Caribbean case study. Climatic change 109:375-397. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Model Algae; Climate; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Youssef, DH; El-Said, GF. 2011. Assessment of some heavy metals in surface sediments of the Aqaba Gulf, Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 180:229-242. 2011 Egypt; China Index or Indicator Sediment; Toxics
Rouphael, AB; Abdulla, A; Said, Y. 2011. A framework for practical and rigorous impact monitoring by field managers of marine protected areas. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 180:557-572. 2011 Australia; Egypt Review; Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Pathogens
Rosic, NN; Pernice, M; Dove, S; Dunn, S; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Gene expression profiles of cytosolic heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 from symbiotic dinoflagellates in response to thermal stress: possible implications for coral bleaching. Cell Stress & Chaperones 16:69-80. 2011 Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Sea Temperatures; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Bohensky, E; Butler, JRA; Costanza, R; Bohnet, I; Delisle, A; Fabricius, K; Gooch, M; Kubiszewski, I; Lukacs, G; Pert, P; Wolanski, E. 2011. Future makers or future takers? A scenario analysis of climate change and the Great Barrier Reef. Global Environmental Change-human And Policy Dimensions 21:876-893. 2011 Global; Australia Climate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Munoz, PD; Murillo, FJ; Sayago-Gil, M; Serrano, A; Laporta, M; Otero, I; Gomez, C. 2011. Effects of deep-sea bottom longlining on the Hatton Bank fish communities and benthic ecosystem, north-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91:939-952. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Littering; Marine Birds; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hongo, C; Kayanne, H. 2011. Key species of hermatypic coral for reef formation in the northwest Pacific during Holocene sea-level change. Marine Geology 279:162-177. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Palau Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Moore, CH; Van Niel, K; Harvey, ES. 2011. The effect of landscape composition and configuration on the spatial distribution of temperate demersal fish. Ecography 34:425-435. 2011 Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Aburto-Oropeza, O; Erisman, B; Galland, GR; Mascarenas-Osorio, I; Sala, E; Ezcurra, E. 2011. Large Recovery of Fish Biomass in a No-Take Marine Reserve. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hixon, MA. 2011. 60 Years Of Coral Reef Fish Ecology: Past, Present, Future. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:727-765. 2011 Cuba Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invasive Species; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Munday, PL; Gagliano, M; Donelson, JM; Dixson, DL; Thorrold, SR. 2011. Ocean acidification does not affect the early life history development of a tropical marine fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 423:211-221. 2011 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Benzerara, K; Miot, J; Morin, G; Ona-Nguema, G; Skouri-Panet, F; Ferard, C. 2011. Significance, mechanisms and environmental implications of microbial biomineralization. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 343:160-167. 2011 France Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Microorganisms; Remediation
Dale, JJ; Wallsgrove, NJ; Popp, BN; Holland, KN. 2011. Nursery habitat use and foraging ecology of the brown stingray Dasyatis lata determined from stomach contents, bulk and amino acid stable isotopes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 433:221-236. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Apex Fish Predators; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting
Bellchambers, LM; Meeuwig, JJ; Evans, SN; Legendre, P. 2011. Modelling habitat associations of 14 species of holothurians from an unfished coral atoll: implications for fisheries management. Aquatic Biology 14:57-66. 2011 Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Octocoral
Bert, TM; Arnold, WS; McMillen-Jackson, AL; Wilbur, AE; Crawford, C. 2011. Natural And Anthropogenic Forces Shape The Population Genetics And Recent Evolutionary History Of Eastern United States Bay Scallops (Argopecten Irradians). Journal of Shellfish Research 30:583-608. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Fishing Sector
Linan-Cabello, MA; Flores-Ramirez, LA; Laurel-Sandoval, MA; Mendoza, EG; Santiago, OS; Delgadillo-Nuno, MA. 2011. Acclimation in Pocillopora spp. during a coral restoration program in Carrizales Bay, Colima, Mexico. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 44:61-72. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Index or Indicator Pathogens; Stony Coral; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae
Mclean, DL; Harvey, ES; Meeuwig, JJ. 2011. Declines in the abundance of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) in areas closed to fishing at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 406:71-78. 2011 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Neto, CCM; Cioffi, MB; Bertollo, LAC; Molina, WF. 2011. Extensive chromosomal homologies and evidence of karyotypic stasis in Atlantic grunts of the genus Haemulon (Perciformes). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 401:75-79. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Ryu, J., T. M. Leschine, J. Namb, W. K. Chang, and K. Dyson. 2011. A resilience-based approach for comparing expert preferences across two large-scale coastal management programs. Journal of Environmental Management 92:92-101. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Lapointe, BE; Thacker, K; Hanson, C; Getten, L. 2011. Sewage pollution in Negril, Jamaica: effects on nutrition and ecology of coral reef macroalgae. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 29:775-789. 2011 Florida; Jamaica Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Dale, JJ; Stankus, AM; Burns, MS; Meyer, CG. 2011. The Shark Assemblage at French Frigate Shoals Atoll, Hawai'i: Species Composition, Abundance and Habitat Use. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest
Dunstan, A; Bradshaw, CJA; Marshall, J. 2011. Nautilus at Risk - Estimating Population Size and Demography of Nautilus pompilius. PLoS One 6. 2011 Australia; Palau; Fiji Model Octopus & Squid
Sanvicente-Anorve, L; Hermoso-Salazar, M. 2011. RELATIVE GROWTH OF THE LAND HERMIT CRAB, COENOBITA CLYPEATUS (ANOMURA, COENOBITIDAE) FROM A CORAL REEF ISLAND, SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO. Crustaceana 84:689-699. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Model; Index or Indicator Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Jaramillo, S; Pawlak, G. 2011. AUV-based bed roughness mapping over a tropical reef. Coral Reefs 30:11-23. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Coleman, JB; Yao, XB; Jordan, TR; Madden, M. 2011. Holes in the ocean: Filling voids in bathymetric lidar data. Computers & Geosciences 37:474-484. 2011 Florida Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Annibaldi, A; Illuminati, S; Truzzi, C; Scarponi, G. 2011. SWASV speciation of Cd, Pb and Cu for the determination of seawater contamination in the area of the Nicole shipwreck (Ancona coast, Central Adriatic Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2813-2821. 2011 Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Storlazzi, CD; Fregoso, TA; Golden, NE; Finlayson, DP. 2011. Sediment dynamics and the burial and exhumation of bedrock reefs along an emergent coastline as elucidated by repetitive sonar surveys: Northern Monterey Bay, CA. Marine Geology 289:46-59. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Model; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Campbell, SJ; Kartawijaya, T; Sabarini, EK. 2011. Connectivity in reef fish assemblages between seagrass and coral reef habitats. Aquatic Biology 13:65-77. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Chan, WH; Mak, YL; Wu, JJ; Jin, L; Sit, WH; Lam, JCW; de Mitcheson, YS; Chan, LL; Lam, PKS; Murphy, MB. 2011. Spatial distribution of ciguateric fish in the Republic of Kiribati. Chemosphere 84:117-123. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Kiribati Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Pernice, M; Dunn, SR; Miard, T; Dufour, S; Dove, S; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Regulation of Apoptotic Mediators Reveals Dynamic Responses to Thermal Stress in the Reef Building Coral Acropora millepora. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; Cuba Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Rolfe, J; Windle, J. 2011. Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef. Water Resources Research 47. 2011 Australia Model Agriculture; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff
Bell, CM; Needham, MD; Szuster, BW. 2011. Congruence Among Encounters, Norms, Crowding, and Management in a Marine Protected Area. Environmental Management 48:499-513. 2011 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Pollnac, R; Seara, T. 2011. Factors Influencing Success of Marine Protected Areas in the Visayas, Philippines as Related to Increasing Protected Area Coverage. Environmental Management 47:584-592. 2011 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Gonzalez, C; Jentoft, S. 2011. MPA in Labor: Securing the Pearl Cays of Nicaragua. Environmental Management 47:617-629. 2011 South & Central America; Nicaragua; Oman; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles
Zhang, FF; Cai, WY; Zhu, JC; Sun, ZR; Zhang, J. 2011. In Situ Raman Spectral Mapping Study on the Microscale Fibers in Blue Coral (Heliopora coerulea) Skeletons. Analytical Chemistry 83:7870-7875. 2011 GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Hargreaves-Allen, V; Mourato, S; Milner-Gulland, EJ. 2011. A Global Evaluation of Coral Reef Management Performance: Are MPAs Producing Conservation and Socio-Economic Improvements? Environmental Management 47:684-700. 2011 Global; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Teresa, FB; Romero, RD; Casatti, L; Sabino, J. 2011. Fish as Indicators of Disturbance in Streams Used for Snorkeling Activities in a Tourist Region. Environmental Management 47:960-968. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Gopinath, A; Muraleedharan, NS; Chandramohanakumar, N; Jayalakshmi, KV. 2011. Statistical Significance of BioMonitoring of Marine Algae for Trace Metal Levels in a Coral Environment. Environmental Forensics 12:98-105. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Primary Production
Blanco, FM; Alonso, LC; Sanson, GG; Amargos, FP. 2011. Influence of Diadema antillarum populations (Echinodermata: Diadematidae) on algal community structure in Jardines de la Reina, Cuba. Revista de Biologia Tropical 59:1149-1163. 2011 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nava, H; Ramirez-Herrera, MT. 2011. Government conservation policies on Mexican coastal areas: is "top-down" management working? Revista de Biologia Tropical 59:1487-1501. 2011 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Karnauskas, M; Huntington, BE; Babcock, EA; Lirman, D. 2011. Pre-existing spatial patterns in fish abundances influence species-specific responses in a Caribbean marine reserve. Marine Ecology Progress Series 432:235-246. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
McCaffrey, K; Hawkins, MB; Godwin, J. 2011. Sexual Phenotype Differences in zic2 mRNA Abundance in the Preoptic Area of a Protogynous Teleost, Thalassoma bifasciatum. PLoS One 6. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Ramirez-Llodra, E; Tyler, PA; Baker, MC; Bergstad, OA; Clark, MR; Escobar, E; Levin, LA; Menot, L; Rowden, AA; Smith, CR; Van Dover, CL. 2011. Man and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the Deep Sea. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Review Climate; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
McAdoo, BG; Ah-Leong, JS; Bell, L; Ifopo, P; Ward, J; Lovell, E; Skelton, P. 2011. Coral reefs as buffers during the 2009 South Pacific tsunami, Upolu Island, Samoa. Earth-Science Reviews 107:147-155. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Samoa Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation
Hannak, JS; Kompatscher, S; Stachowitsch, M; Herler, J. 2011. Snorkelling and trampling in shallow-water fringing reefs: Risk assessment and proposed management strategy. Journal of Environmental Management 92:2723-2733. 2011 Cuba; Egypt Model; Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Hamasaki, K; Sugizaki, M; Sugimoto, A; Murakami, Y; Kitada, S. 2011. Emigration behaviour during sea-to-land transition of the coconut crab Birgus latro: Effects of gastropod shells, substrata, shelters and humidity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 403:81-89. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
Jameson, S. C., M. V. Erdmann, J. R. Karr, G. R. Gibson, and K. W. Potts. 2011. Charting a Course Toward Diagnostic Monitoring: A Continuing Review of Coral Reef Attributes and a Research Strategy for Creating Coral Reef Indexes of Biotic Integrity. Bulletin of Marine Science 2011 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biocriteria; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Plankton
Alvarez-Filip, L; Gill, JA; Dulvy, NK; Perry, AL; Watkinson, AR; Cote, IM. 2011. Drivers of region-wide declines in architectural complexity on Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs 30:1051-1060. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zuidema, C; Plate, R; Dikou, A. 2011. To preserve or to develop? East Bay dredging project, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands. Journal of Coastal Conservation 15:555-563. 2011 Turks and Caicos Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae; Valuation
Souter, P; Bay, LK; Andreakis, N; Csaszar, N; Seneca, FO; van Oppen, MJH. 2011. A multilocus, temperature stress-related gene expression profile assay in Acropora millepora, a dominant reef-building coral. Molecular Ecology Resources 11:328-334. 2011 Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Stony Coral
Hitt, S; Pittman, SJ; Nemeth, RS. 2011. Diel movements of fishes linked to benthic seascape structure in a Caribbean coral reef ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:275-291. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment
Ramos, R; Bastidas, C; Debrot, D; Garcia, E. 2011. Phase I and II biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes in the coral Siderastrea siderea act as biomarkers for reproductive condition and habitat quality. Marine Biology Research 7:398-406. 2011 Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Findlay, HS; Wood, HL; Kendall, MA; Spicer, JI; Twitchett, RJ; Widdicombe, S. 2011. Comparing the impact of high CO(2) on calcium carbonate structures in different marine organisms. Marine Biology Research 7:565-575. 2011 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Daniels, CA; Zeifman, A; Heym, K; Ritchie, KB; Watson, CA; Berzins, I; Breitbart, M. 2011. Spatial heterogeneity of bacterial communities in the mucus of Montastraea annularis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:29-40. 2011 Florida Microorganisms; Sponges; Stony Coral
Rohr, JR; Dobson, AP; Johnson, PTJ; Kilpatrick, AM; Paull, SH; Raffel, TR; Ruiz-Moreno, D; Thomas, MB. 2011. Frontiers in climate change-disease research. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26:270-277. 2011 Review; Model Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Pathogens
Guest, JR; Dizon, RM; Edwards, AJ; Franco, C; Gomez, ED. 2011. How Quickly do Fragments of Coral "Self-Attach" after Transplantation? Restoration Ecology 19:234-242. 2011 Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Stony Coral; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Forrester, GE; O'Connell-Rodwell, C; Baily, P; Forrester, LM; Giovannini, S; Harmon, L; Karis, R; Krumholz, J; Rodwell, T; Jarecki, L. 2011. Evaluating Methods for Transplanting Endangered Elkhorn Corals in the Virgin Islands. Restoration Ecology 19:299-306. 2011 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Kreyling, J; Bittner, T; Jaeschke, A; Jentsch, A; Steinbauer, MJ; Thiel, D; Beierkuhnlein, C. 2011. Assisted Colonization: A Question of Focal Units and Recipient Localities. Restoration Ecology 19:433-440. 2011 Complex Habitat & Resources; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Soares, MC; Oliveira, RF; Ros, AFH; Grutter, AS; Bshary, R. 2011. Tactile stimulation lowers stress in fish. Nature Communications 2. 2011 Model Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Godinot, C; Grover, R; Allemand, D; Ferrier-Pages, C. 2011. High phosphate uptake requirements of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:2749-2754. 2011 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Nevitt, GA. 2011. The Neuroecology of Dimethyl Sulfide: A Global-Climate Regulator Turned Marine Infochemical. Integrative And Comparative Biology 51:819-825. 2011 Global Lab Study Algae; Climate; Marine Birds; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Huntington, BE; Karnauskas, M; Lirman, D. 2011. Corals fail to recover at a Caribbean marine reserve despite ten years of reserve designation. Coral Reefs 30:1077-1085. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Pittman, S., R. Kneib, C. Simenstad, and I. Nagelkerken. 2011. THEME SECTION - Seascape ecology: application of landscape ecology to the marine environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:187-302. 2011 Resource Use Management
Wang, JT; Meng, PJ; Sampayo, E; Tang, SL; Chen, CA. 2011. Photosystem II breakdown induced by reactive oxygen species in freshly-isolated Symbiodinium from Montipora (Scleractinia; Acroporidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 422:51-62. 2011 Index or Indicator Algae; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Bruckner, A. W. 2010. Quantifying the decline in Corallium rubrum populations: Reply to Santangelo & Bramanti (2010). Marine Ecology Progress Series 418:299-303. 2010 Cuba; Spain Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Johnson, A. E. 2010. Reducing bycatch in coral reef trap fisheries: escape gaps as a step towards sustainability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 415:201-209. 2010 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Monetary Valuation; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Irving, A. D., J. E. Tanner, S. Seddon, D. Miller, G. J. Collings, R. J. Wear, S. L. Hoare, and M. J. Theil. 2010. Testing alternate ecological approaches to seagrass rehabilitation: links to life-history traits. Journal of Applied Ecology 47:1119-1127. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mitigation; Seagrasses; Sediment; Valuation
Brown, S. C., S. Bolte, M. Gaudin, C. Pereira, J. Marion, M. N. Soler, and B. Satiat-Jeunemaitre. 2010. Exploring plant endomembrane dynamics using the photoconvertible protein Kaede. Plant Journal 63:696-711. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Construction Codes & Projects; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Stony Coral
Houk, P. and R. Camacho. 2010. Dynamics of seagrass and macroalgal assemblages in Saipan Lagoon, Western Pacific Ocean: disturbances, pollution, and seasonal cycles. Botanica Marina 53:205-212. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Luna-Perez, B., C. Valle, T. V. Fernandez, J. L. Sanchez-Lizaso, and A. A. Ramos-Espla. 2010. Halocynthia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1767) as an indicator of SCUBA diving impact. Ecological Indicators 10:1017-1024. 2010 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Tunicates
Fonseca, A. C., H. M. Guzman, J. Cortes, and C. Soto. 2010. Marine habitats map of "Isla del Cano", Costa Rica, comparing Quickbird and Hymap images classification results. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:373-381. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Costa Rica Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Shank, T. M. 2010. Seamounts Deep-Ocean Laboratories of Faunal Connectivity, Evolution, and Endemism. Oceanography 23:108-122. 2010 Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector
Evans, R. D., L. van Herwerden, G. R. Russ, and A. J. Frisch. 2010. Strong genetic but not spatial subdivision of two reef fish species targeted by fishers on the Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research 102:16-25. 2010 Australia Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman. 2010. Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:642-650. 2010 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates
Knudby, A., A. Brenning, and E. LeDrew. 2010. New approaches to modelling fish�habitat relationships. Ecological Modelling 221:503-211. 2010 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Huang, C. Y., J. H. Su, Y. C. Liu, Z. H. Wen, C. H. Hsu, M. Y. Chiang, and J. H. Sheu. 2010. Oppositane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia leptoclados. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 83:678-682. 2010 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Stephen, J. A. and P. J. Harris. 2010. Commercial catch composition with discard and immediate release mortality proportions off the southeastern coast of the United States. Fisheries Research 103:18-24. 2010 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Claudet, J., C. W. Osenberg, P. Domenici, F. Badalamenti, M. Milazzo, J. M. Falcon, I. Bertocci, L. Benedetti-Cecchi, J. A. Garcia-Charton, R. Goni, J. A. Borg, A. Forcada, G. A. de Lucia, A. Perez-Ruzafa, P. Afonso, A. Brito, I. Guala, L. Le Direach, and Sanchez-Jerez,. 2010. Marine reserves: Fish life history and ecological traits matter. Ecological Applications 20:830-839. 2010 Europe Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation
Bartley, R., J. P. Corfield, B. N. Abbott, A. A. Hawdon, S. N. Wilkinson, and B. Nelson. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields, Part 1: Hills lope processes. Journal of Hydrology 389:237-248. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Littering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cortes, J., C. E. Jimenez, A. C. Fonseca, and J. J. Alvarado. 2010. Status and conservation of coral reefs in Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:33-50. 2010 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Bartley, R., S. N. Wilkinson, A. A. Hawdon, B. N. Abbott, and D. A. Post. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields. Part 2: Catchment response. Journal of Hydrology 389:249-259. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Croquer, A., D. Debrot, E. Klein, M. Kurten, S. Rodriguez, and C. Bastidas. 2010. What can two years of monitoring tell us about Venezuelan coral reefs? The Southern Tropical America node of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (STA-GCRMN). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:51-65. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Stony Coral
Hamel, M. A. and S. Andrefouet. 2010. Using very high resolution remote sensing for the management of coral reef fisheries: Review and perspectives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1397-1405. 2010 Review; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Kopp, D., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, S. Cordonnier, A. Haouisee, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Evaluation of algal regulation by herbivorous fishes on Caribbean coral reefs. Helgoland Marine Research 64:181-190. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Niggl, W. and C. Wild. 2010. Spatial distribution of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea sp. within fringing coral reef environments of the Northern Red Sea: implications for its life cycle. Helgoland Marine Research 64:281-287. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Iwata, E., Y. Nagai, and H. Sasaki. 2010. Social rank modulates brain arginine vasotocin immunoreactivity in false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 36:337-345. 2010 Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Special Use Permitting
Scoccia, F. and E. Gaino. 2010. Mesenterial filaments of the black coral Cirrhipathes cfr. anguina provide a home to developing nauplii. Symbiosis 50:151-156. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Indonesia Marine Protected Areas
Knudby, A., C. Newman, Y. Shaghude, and C. Muhando. 2010. Simple and effective monitoring of historic changes in nearshore environments using the free archive of Landsat imagery. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 12:S116-S122. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Substrate
Marriott, R. J., N. D. C. Jarvis, D. J. Adams, A. E. Gallash, J. Norriss, and S. J. Newman. 2010. Maturation and sexual ontogeny in the spangled emperor Lethrinus nebulosus. Journal of Fish Biology 76:1396-1414. 2010 Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Hastings, P. A. and G. R. Galland. 2010. Ontogeny of microhabitat use and two-step recruitment in a specialist reef fish, the Browncheek Blenny (Chaenopsidae). Coral Reefs 29:155-164. 2010 Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Borell, E. M., S. B. C. Romatzki, and S. C. A. Ferse. 2010. Differential physiological responses of two congeneric scleractinian corals to mineral accretion and an electric field. Coral Reefs 29:191-200. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Thresher, R. and W. Musial. 2010. Ocean Renewable Energy�s Potential Role in Supplying Future Electrical Energy Needs. Oceanography 23:16-21. 2010 Climate
Rasher, D. B. and M. E. Hay. 2010. Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:9683-9688. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Jean, C., S. Ciccione, K. Ballorain, J. Y. Georges, and J. Bourjea. 2010. Ultralight aircraft surveys reveal marine turtle population increases along the west coast of Reunion Island. ORYX 44:223-229. 2010 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Substrate
Rosenfelder, N., N. J. Van Zee, J. F. Mueller, C. Gaus, and W. Vetter. 2010. Gas Chromatography/Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry-Selected Ion Monitoring Screening Method for a Thorough Investigation of Polyhalogenated Compounds in Passive Sampler Extracts with Quadrupole Systems. Analytical Chemistry 82:9835-9842. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Faure, V., C. Pinazo, J. P. Torreton, and P. Douillet. 2010. Modelling the spatial and temporal variability of the SW lagoon of New Caledonia II: Realistic 3D simulations compared with in situ data. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:480-502. 2010 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
May-Ku, M. A., P. L. Ardisson, and U. Ordonez-Lopez. 2010. Morphological variation of Thalassia testudinum in two shallow coastal environments from the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Botanica Marina 53:449-455. 2010 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105. 2010 Germany; United Kingdom Construction Codes & Projects; Food & Energy Policies
Lirman, D., A. Bowden-Kerby, S. Schopmeyer, B. Huntington, T. Thyberg, M. Gough, T. Gough, R. Gough, and Y. Gough. 2010. A window to the past: documenting the status of one of the last remaining 'megapopulations' of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis in the Dominican Republic. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:773-781. 2010 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Algae; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Worms; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Jollit, I., M. Leopold, N. Guillemot, G. David, P. Chabanet, J. M. Lebigre, and J. Ferraris. 2010. Geographical aspects of informal reef fishery systems in New Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:585-597. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Kendall, M. S. and T. J. Miller. 2010. Relationships among map resolution, fish assemblages, and habitat variables in a coral reef ecosystem. Hydrobiologia 637:101-119. 2010 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Teixeira, S. F., Y. F. Duarte, and B. P. Ferreira. 2010. Reproduction of the fish Lutjanus analis (mutton snapper; Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Northeastern Brazil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:791-800. 2010 Cuba Index or Indicator Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Reyes-Bonilla, H., L. E. Calderon-Aguilera, G. Cruz-Pinon, R. A. Lopez-Perez, and P. Medina-Rosas. 2010. Evaluation of gamma diversity of reef corals (Scleractinia) in the Mexican Pacific. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81:113-121. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Villanueva, R. D., A. J. Edwards, and J. D. Bell. 2010. Enhancement of Grazing Gastropod Populations as a Coral Reef Restoration Tool: Predation Effects and Related Applied Implications. Restoration Ecology 18:803-809. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Octopus & Squid; Small Herbivorous Fish; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Gleason, M., S. McCreary, M. Miller-Henson, J. Ugoretz, E. Fox, M. Merrifield, W. McClintock, P. Serpa, and K. Hoffman. 2010. Science-based and stakeholder-driven marine protected area network planning: A successful case study from north central California. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:52-68. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas
Fernandes, L., K. Dobbs, J. Day, and S. Slegers. 2010. Identifying biologically and physically special or unique sites for inclusion in the protected area design for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:80-88. 2010 Australia Review Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Hoogenboom, M., R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, and C. Ferrier-Pages. 2010. Co-variation between autotrophy and heterotrophy in the Mediterranean coral Cladocora caespitosa. Journal of Experimental Biology 213:2399-2409. 2010 Cuba Nutrients; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Hunt, M. E., M. P. Scherrer, F. D. Ferrari, and M. V. Matz. 2010. Very Bright Green Fluorescent Proteins from the Pontellid Copepod Pontella mimocerami. PLoS One 5:e11517. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biomedical Research Policies; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Montano, S., D. Seveso, P. Galli, and D. O. Obura. 2010. Assessing coral bleaching and recovery with a colour reference card in Watamu Marine Park, Kenya. Hydrobiologia 655:99-108. 2010 Kenya Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
van Oosterom, J., S. C. King, A. Negri, C. Humphrey, and J. Mondon. 2010. Investigation of the mud crab (Scylla serrata) as a potential bio-monitoring species for tropical coastal marine environments of Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:283-290. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Colton, M. A. and S. E. Swearer. 2010. A comparison of two survey methods: differences between underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:19-36. 2010 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Fish
March, D., M. Palmer, J. Alos, A. Grau, and F. Cardona. 2010. Short-term residence, home range size and diel patterns of the painted comber Serranus scriba in a temperate marine reserve. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:195-206. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Ramos, C. A. C., F. D. Amaral, R. K. P. de Kikuchi, E. M. Chaves, and G. R. de Melo. 2010. Quantification of reef benthos communities and variability inherent to the monitoring using video transect method. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 162:95-101. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Galindo, H. M., A. S. Pfeiffer-Herbert, M. A. McManus, Y. Chao, F. Chai, and S. R. Palumbi. 2010. Seascape genetics along a steep cline: using genetic patterns to test predictions of marine larval dispersal. Molecular Ecology 19:3692-3707. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Poonian, C., P. Z. R. Davis, and C. K. McNaughton. 2010. Impacts of Recreational Divers on Palauan Coral Reefs and Options for Management. Pacific Science 64:557-565. 2010 Cuba; Palau Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Physical Damage; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Rassweiler, A., R. J. Schmitt, and S. J. Holbrook. 2010. Triggers and maintenance of multiple shifts in the state of a natural community. Oecologia 164:489-498. 2010 Algae; Echinoderms; Resource Use Management
Yamana, Y., S. Sonezaki, H. I. Ogawa, and K. Kusano. 2010. Mismatch-induced lethality due to a defect in Escherichia coil RecQ helicase in exonuclease-deficient background: Dependence on MutS and UvrD functions. Plasmid 63:119-127. 2010 Special Use Permitting
Koss, R. S. and J. Y. Kingley. 2010. Volunteer health and emotional wellbeing in marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:447-453. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas
Locker, S. D., R. A. Armstrong, T. A. Battista, J. J. Rooney, C. Sherman, and D. G. Zawada. 2010. Geomorphology of mesophotic coral ecosystems: current perspectives on morphology, distribution, and mapping strategies. Coral Reefs 29:329-345. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean; Mexico Review; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Ransom, K. P. and S. C. Mangi. 2010. Valuing Recreational Benefits of Coral Reefs: The Case of Mombasa Marine National Park and Reserve, Kenya. Environmental Management 45:145-154. 2010 Kenya Banks, Credit, & Securities; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Ferse, S. C. A., M. M. Costa, K. S. Manez, D. S. Adhuri, and M. Glaser. 2010. Allies, not aliens: increasing the role of local communities in marine protected area implementation. Environmental Conservation 37:23-34. 2010 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Main, W. P. L., C. Ross, and G. K. Bielmyer. 2010. Copper accumulation and oxidative stress in the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, after waterborne copper exposure. Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology 151:216-221. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Zooxanthellae
Rasalato, E., V. Maginnity, and J. M. Brunnschweiler. 2010. Using local ecological knowledge to identify shark river habitats in Fiji (South Pacific). Environmental Conservation 37:90-97. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Clarke, P. and S. D. Jupiter. 2010. Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji). Environmental Conservation 37:98-106. 2010 Fiji Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Munoz, R. C., M. L. Burton, K. J. Brennan, and R. O. Parker. 2010. Reproduction, Habitat Utilization, And Movements Of Hogfish (Lachnolaimus Maximus) In The Florida Keys, Usa: Comparisons From Fished Versus Unfished Habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:93-116. 2010 Florida; Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
Galaz, V., B. Crona, T. Daw, O. Bodin, M. Nystrom, and P. Olsson. 2010. Can web crawlers revolutionize ecological monitoring? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8:99-104. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Internet & Telecommunications
Almany, G. R., R. J. Hamilton, D. H. Williamson, R. D. Evans, G. P. Jones, M. Matawai, T. Potuku, K. L. Rhodes, G. R. Russ, and B. Sawynok. 2010. Research partnerships with local communities: two case studies from Papua New Guinea and Australia. Coral Reefs 29:567-576. 2010 Australia; Papua New Guinea Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas
Washburne, R. and Wagar, J. 2010. Evaluating Visitor Response to Exhibit Content. Curator: The Museum Journal 15:248-256. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Tourism & Recreation
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. 2010. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: 2009 System Status Report. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Peterson, M. J., D. M. Hall, A. M. Feldpausch-Paker, and T. R. Peterson. 2010. Obscuring ecosystem function with application of the ecosystem services concept. Conservation Biology 21:113-119. 2010 Global Valuation
Rudershausen, P. J., W. A. Mitchell, J. A. Buckel, E. H. Williams, and E. Hazen. 2010. Developing a two-step fishery-independent design to estimate the relative abundance of deepwater reef fish: Application to a marine protected area off the southeastern United States coast. Fisheries Research 105:254-260. 2010 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Gray, D. L., R. Canessa, R. Rollins, C. P. Keller, and P. Dearden. 2010. Incorporating Recreational Users into Marine Protected Area Planning: A Study of Recreational Boating in British Columbia, Canada. Environmental Management 46:167-180. 2010 Columbia Model Aquaculture; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Godoy, N., S. Gelcich, J. A. Vasquez, and J. C. Castilla. 2010. Spearfishing to depletion: evidence from temperate reef fishes in Chile. Ecological Applications 20:1504-1511. 2010 Cuba Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Pert, P. L., J. R. A. Butler, J. E. Brodie, C. Bruce, M. Honzak, F. J. Kroon, D. Metcalfe, D. Mitchell, and G. Wong. 2010. A catchment-based approach to mapping hydrological ecosystem services using riparian habitat: A case study from the Wet Tropics, Australia. Ecological Complexity 7:378-388. 2010 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Evans, S. N. and D. A. Abdo. 2010. A cost-effective technique for measuring relative water movement for studies of benthic organisms. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:1327-1335. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection
Baker, D. M., E. Jordan-Dahlgren, M. A. Maldonado, and C. D. Harvell. 2010. Sea fan corals provide a stable isotope baseline for assessing sewage pollution in the Mexican Caribbean. Limnology and Oceanography 55:2139-2149. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Infrastructure; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies
Musingwini, C. 2010. Techno-economic optimization of level and raise spacing in Bushveld Complex platinum reef conventional breast mining. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 110:425-436. 2010 South Africa Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining Policies; Valuation
Omori, M. 2010. Degradation and restoration of coral reefs: Experience in Okinawa, Japan. Marine Biology Research 7:3-12. 2010 Japan Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Puce, S., M. Bo, C. G. Di Camillo, L. Paoli, D. Pica, and G. Bavestrello. 2010. Morphology and development of the early growth stages of an Indonesian Stylaster (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:1145-1151. 2010 Indonesia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Protected Areas
Boisnier, E., T. Sagawa, T. Komatsu, and N. Takagi. 2010. Distinguishing resident from transient species along marine artificial reefs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:1297-1303. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish
Bellchambers, L. M., S. N. Evans, and J. J. Meeuwig. 2010. Abundance and size of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) as a function of benthic habitat: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:279-287. 2010 Australia GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sponges
Dalton, S. J., S. Godwin, S. D. A. Smith, and L. Pereg. 2010. Australian subtropical white syndrome: a transmissible, temperature-dependent coral disease. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:342-350. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Maynard, J. A., P. A. Marshall, J. E. Johnson, and S. Harman. 2010. Building resilience into practical conservation: identifying local management responses to global climate change in the southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 29:381-391. 2010 Global; Australia Index or Indicator Climate; Mitigation
Valentine, J. P. and G. J. Edgar. 2010. Impacts of a population outbreak of the urchin Tripneustes gratilla amongst Lord Howe Island coral communities. Coral Reefs 29:399-410. 2010 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
McCammon, A., P. C. Sikkel, and D. Nemeth. 2010. Effects of three Caribbean cleaner shrimps on ectoparasitic monogeneans in a semi-natural environment. Coral Reefs 29:419-426. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Molina, J. L., J. Bromley, J.L. Garcia-Arostegui, C. Sullivan, J. Benavente. 2010. Integrated water resources management of overexploited hydrogeological systems using Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks. Environmental Modelling & Software 25:383-397. 2010 Spain Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rodriguez-Ramirez, A., J. Garzon-Ferreira, A. Batista-Morales, D. L. Gil, D. I. Gomez-Lopez, K. Gomez-Campo, T. Lopez-Londono, R. Navas-Camacho, M. C. Reyes-Nivia, and J. Vega-Sequeda. 2010. Temporal patterns in coral reef, seagrass and mangrove communities from Chengue bay CARICOMP site (Colombia) 1993-2008. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:45-62. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Vroom, P. S., C. A. Musburger, S. W. Cooper, J. E. Maragos, K. N. Page-Albins, and M. A. V. Timmers. 2010. Marine biological community baselines in unimpacted tropical ecosystems: spatial and temporal analysis of reefs at Howland and Baker Islands. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:797-812. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Baker Island; Howland Island Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Turf Algae
van Beukering, P. J. H., S. Sarkis, E. McKenzie, S. Hess, L. Brander, M. Roelfsema, L. Looijenstijn-van der Putten, and T. Bervoets. 2010. Total economic value of bermuda�s coral reefs: valuation of ecosystem services. Van Beukering Consulting, Amsterdam, NL. 2010 Bermuda Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Beger, M., S. Linke, M. Watts, E. Game, E. Treml, I. Ball, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Incorporating asymmetric connectivity into spatial decision making for conservation. Conservation Letters 3:359-368. 2010 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McCook, L. J., T. Ayling, M. Cappo, J. H. Choat, R. D. Evans., D. M. De Freitas, M. Heupel, T. P. Hughes, G. P. Jones, B. Mapstone, H. Marsh, M. Mills, F. J. Molloy, C. R. Pitcher, R. L. Pressey, G. R. Russ, S. Sutton, H. Sweatman, R. Tobin, D. R. Wachenfeld, and D. H. Williamson. 2010. Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef: a globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of marine reserves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [earlyedition]. 2010 Global; Australia Review Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Vroom, P. S. and C. L. Braun. 2010. Benthic composition of a healthy subtropical reef: baseline species-level cover, with an emphasis on algae, in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. PLoS One 5:e9733. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Substrate
Sofonia, J. J. and R. K. F. Unsworth. 2010. Development of water quality thresholds during dredging for the protection of benthic primary producer habitats. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12:159-163. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Light; Sediment
A. V. Borges and N. Gypens. 2010. Carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone responds more strongly to eutrophication than to ocean acidification. Limnology and Oceanography 55:346-353. 2010 Model Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wilson, B. 2010. Effect Of Hurricanes On Guilds Of Nearshore Epiphytal Foraminifera, Nevis, West Indies. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 40:327-343. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Wulff, J. 2010. Regeneration of Sponges in Ecological Context: Is Regeneration an Integral Part of Life History and Morphological Strategies? Integrative And Comparative Biology 50:494-505. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Mangroves; Sponges
Wielgus, J., E. Cooper, R. Torres, and L. Burke. 2010. Coastal capital: Dominican Republic. Case studies on the economic value of coastal ecosystems in the Dominican Republic. Washington, DC, World Resources Institute. 2010 Global; Dominican Republic Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Hutchinson, N. and K. Rhodes. 2010. Home range estimates for squaretail coralgrouper, Plectropomus areolatus (Ruppell 1830). Coral Reefs 29:511-519. 2010 Micronesia Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Lirman, D., T. Thyberg, J. Herlan, C. Hill, C. Young-Lahiff, S. Schopmeyer, B. Huntington, R. Santos, and C. Drury. 2010. Propagation of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis: methods to minimize the impacts of fragment collection and maximize production. Coral Reefs 29:729-735. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Vignon, M. and P. Sasal. 2010. Multiscale determinants of parasite abundance: A quantitative hierarchical approach for coral reef fishes. International Journal for Parasitology 40:443-451. 2010 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Ilagan, R. P., E. Rhoades, D. F. Gruber, H. T. Kao, V. A. Pieribone, and L. Regan. 2010. A new bright green-emitting fluorescent protein - engineered monomeric and dimeric forms. FEBS Journal 277:1967-1978. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Levy, G., L. Shaish, A. Haim, and B. Rinkevich. 2010. Mid-water rope nursery Testing design and performance of a novel reef restoration instrument. Ecological Engineering 36:560-569. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Wetland & Reef Restoration
Renshaw, G. M. C., G. Wise, and P. R. Dodd. 2010. Ecophysiology of neuronal metabolism in transiently oxygen-depleted environments: Evidence that GABA is accumulated pre-synaptically in the cerebellum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 155:486-492. 2010 Apex Fish Predators; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Keene, A. F., S. G. Johnston, R. T. Bush, E. D. Burton, and L. A. Sullivan. 2010. Reactive trace element enrichment in a highly modified, tidally inundated acid sulfate soil wetland: East Trinity, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:620-626. 2010 Australia Mangroves; Remediation; Sediment; Wetlands
Bradley, P., L. Fore, W. Fisher, and W. Davis. 2010. Coral reef biological criteria: using the clean water act to protect a national treasure. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Narragansett, RI. 2010 Biocriteria
Martinez-Porchas, M., L. R. Martinez-Cordova, M. A. Porchas-Cornejo, and J. A. Lopez-Elias. 2010. Shrimp polyculture: a potentially profitable, sustainable, but uncommon aquacultural practice. Reviews In Aquaculture 2:73-85. 2010 Review Aquaculture; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Pathogens
Edwards, H. J., I. A. Elliott, R. L. Pressey, and P. J. Mumby. 2010. Incorporating ontogenetic dispersal, ecological processes and conservation zoning into reserve design. Biological Conservation 143:457-470. 2010 South & Central America; Belize Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Landuse Management; Mangroves
Malcolm, H. A., S. D. A. Smith, and A. Jordan. 2010. Using patterns of reef fish assemblages to refine a Habitat Classification System for marine parks in NSW, Australia. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:83-92. 2010 Australia Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Koldewey, H. J., D. Curnick, S. Harding, L. R. Harrison, and M. Gollock. 2010. Potential benefits to fisheries and biodiversity of the Chagos Archipelago/British Indian Ocean Territory as a no-take marine reserve. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1906-1915. 2010 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hopkins, G. A. and B. M. Forrest. 2010. Challenges associated with pre-border management of biofouling on oil rigs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1924-1929. 2010 Australia Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Oil & Gas Rigs
Dunne, R. P. 2010. Synergy or antagonism-interactions between stressors on coral reefs. Coral Reefs 29:145-152. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Scopelitis, J., S. Andrefouet, S. Phinn, L. Arroyo, M. Dalleau, A. Cros, and P. Chabanet. 2010. The next step in shallow coral reef monitoring: Combining remote sensing and in situ approaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1956-1968. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Collaboration & Partnering
Borsa, P., A. Collet, L. Carassou, D. Ponton, and W. J. Chen. 2010. Multiple nuclear and mitochondrial genotyping identifies emperors and large-eye breams (Teleostei: Lethrinidae) from New Caledonia and reveals new large-eye bream species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 38:370-389. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Feely, R. A., S. R. Alin, J. Newton, C. L. Sabine, M. Warner, A. Devol, C. Krembs, and C. Maloy. 2010. The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 88:442-449. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Frank, D. M. and S. Sarkar. 2010. Group Decisions in Biodiversity Conservation: Implications from Game Theory. PLoS One 5:e10688. 2010 Philippines; South Africa; United Kingdom Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Funding & Incentives
Heupel, M. R., A. J. Williams, D. J. Welch, C. R. Davies, A. Penny, J. P. Kritzer, R. J. Marriott, and B. D. Mapstone. 2010. Demographic characteristics of exploited tropical lutjanids: a comparative analysis. Fishery Bulletin 108:420-432. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Laidig, T. E. 2010. Influence of ocean conditions on the timing of early life history events for blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) off California. Fishery Bulletin 108:442-449. 2010 Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Water Depth & Sea Level
Garmendia, E., R. Prellezo, A. Murillas, M. Escapa, and M. Gallastegui. 2010. Weak and strong sustainability assessment in fisheries. Ecological Economics 70:96-106. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Melbourne-Thomas, J. 2010. CORSET documentation: how to access and use the Coral Reef Scenario Evaluation Tool via the reef scenarios portal. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Campbell, R. J., N. Ledesma, G. Zill, J. C. Herrera, and J. Leon. 2010. Collecting Pouterias (Pouteria spp.), Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) and Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito) for the Creation of New Markets. Journal Of The American Pomological Society 64:24-27. 2010 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Nicaragua; Costa Rica Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Collaboration & Partnering; Landscaping & Household Services
Wen, C. K. C., M. S. Pratchett, K. T. Shao, K. P. Kan, and B. K. K. Chan. 2010. Effects of habitat modification on coastal fish assemblages. Journal of Fish Biology 77:1674-1687. 2010 Taiwan Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R. 2010. Effects of Fisheries Closures and Gear Restrictions on Fishing Income in a Kenyan Coral Reef. Conservation Biology 24:1519-1528. 2010 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Turgeon, K., A. Robillard, J. Gregoire, V. Duclos, and D. L. Kramer. 2010. Functional connectivity from a reef fish perspective: behavioral tactics for moving in a fragmented landscape. Ecology 91:3332-3342. 2010 GIS & Maps Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Gavio, B., S. Palmer-Cantillo, and J. E. Mancera. 2010. Historical analysis (2000-2005) of the coastal water quality in San Andres Island, Sea Flower Biosphere Reserve, Caribbean Colombia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1018-1030. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Seagrasses
Ryan, J. C., J. S. Morey, M. Y. D. Bottein, J. S. Ramsdell, and F. M. Van Dolah. 2010. Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response. Bmc Neuroscience 11:107. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Grimsditch, G., J. M. Mwaura, J. Kilonzo, and N. Amiyo. 2010. The Effects of Habitat on Coral Bleaching Responses in Kenya. Ambio 39:295-304. 2010 Kenya Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Kawabata, Y., J. Okuyama, K. Asami, K. Okuzawa, K. Yoseda, and N. Arai. 2010. Effects of a tropical cyclone on the distribution of hatchery-reared black-spot tuskfish Choerodon schoenleinii determined by acoustic telemetry. Journal of Fish Biology 77:627-642. 2010 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Marshall, N. A., P. A. Marshall, A. Abdulla, and T. Rouphael. 2010. The Links Between Resource Dependency and Attitude of Commercial Fishers to Coral Reef Conservation in the Red Sea. Ambio 39:305-313. 2010 Egypt Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
de Mitcheson, Y. S., M. Liu, and S. Suharti. 2010. Gonadal development in a giant threatened reef fish, the humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus, and its relationship to international trade. Journal of Fish Biology 77:706-718. 2010 Global; Indonesia Fishing Sector; Planktivorous Fish; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Wakefield, C. B., S. J. Newman, and B. W. Molony. 2010. Age-based demography and reproduction of hapuku, Polyprion oxygeneios, from the south coast of Western Australia: implications for management. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67:1164-1174. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Krief, S., E. J. Hendy, M. Fine, R. Yam, A. Meibom, G. L. Foster, and A. Shemesh. 2010. Physiological and isotopic responses of scleractinian corals to ocean acidification. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74:4988-5001. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Beharry-Borg, N. and R. Scarpa. 2010. Valuing quality changes in Caribbean coastal waters for heterogeneous beach visitors. Ecological Economics 69:1124-1139. 2010 South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Health Policies; Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Langhamer, O., K. Haikonen, and J. Sundberg. 2010. Wave power Sustainable energy or environmentally costly? A review with special emphasis on linear wave energy converters. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 14:1329-1335. 2010 Global Review Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Whales & Dolphins
Thomassin, A., C. S. White, S. S. Stead, and G. David. 2010. Social acceptability of a marine protected area: The case of Reunion Island. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:169-179. 2010 Indian Ocean; Cuba; Reunion; India Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Springer, Y. P., C. G. Hays, M. H. Carr, and M. R. Mackey. 2010. Toward Ecosystem-Based Management Of Marine Macroalgae-The Bull Kelp, Nereocystis Luetkeana. Pages 1-41 Oceanography And Marine Biology: An Annual Review, Vol 48. 2010 Review Algae; Primary Production
Tsounis, G., S. Rossi, R. Grigg, G. Santangelo, L. Bramanti, and J. M. Gili. 2010. The Exploitation And Conservation Of Precious Corals. Pages 161-211 Oceanography And Marine Biology: An Annual Review, Vol 48. 2010 Review Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Souvenir & Decorative Trade
D'Onghia, G., P. Maiorano, L. Sion, A. Giove, F. Capezzuto, R. Carlucci, and A. Tursi. 2010. Effects of deep-water coral banks on the abundance and size structure of the megafauna in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57:397-411. 2010 Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Kuminoff, N. V., C. F.Parmeter, and J. C. Pope. 2010. Which hedonic models can we trust to recover the marginal willingness to pay for environmental amenities? Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 60:145-160. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Housing; Monetary Valuation
Todd, P. A., X. Y. Ong, and L. M. Chou. 2010. Impacts of pollution on marine life in Southeast Asia. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:1063-1082. 2010 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Review Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waterborne Discharges
Boudali, H., P. Crouzen, and M. Stoelinga. 2010. A Rigorous, Compositional, and Extensible Framework for Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis. Ieee Transactions On Dependable And Secure Computing 7:128-143. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2010. Ecology and nutrition of invasive Caulerpa brachypus f. parvifolia blooms on coral reefs off southeast Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 9:1-12. 2010 Florida; Bahamas Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dumas, P., H. Jimenez, M. Leopold, G. Petro, and R. Jimmy. 2010. Effectiveness of village-based marine reserves on reef invertebrates in Emau, Vanuatu. Environmental Conservation 37:364-372. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Snails & Conch
Kaplan, D. M., S. Planes, C. Fauvelot, T. Brochier, C. Lett, N. Bodin, F. Le Loc'h, Y. Tremblay, and J. Y. Georges. 2010. New tools for the spatial management of living marine resources. Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability 2:88-93. 2010 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Mills, M., R. L. Pressey, R. Weeks, S. Foale, and N. C. Ban. 2010. A mismatch of scales: challenges in planning for implementation of marine protected areas in the Coral Triangle. Conservation Letters 3:291-303. 2010 Review Marine Protected Areas
Narayan, Y. R. and J. M. Pandolfi. 2010. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Moreton Bay, South-East Queensland, Australia: Applications in monitoring water and substrate quality in subtropical estuarine environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:2062-2078. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate
Beaudoin, G., D. Robertson, R. Doherty, D. Corren, B. Staby, and L. Meyer. 2010. Technological Challenges to Commercial-Scale Application of Marine Renewables. Oceanography 23:32-41. 2010
Bedard, R., P. T. Jacobson, M. Previsic, W. Musial, and R. Varley. 2010. An Overview of Ocean Renewable Energy Technologies. Oceanography 23:22-31. 2010 Europe Salinity; Shoreline Protection
Boehlert, G. W. and A. B. Gill. 2010. Environmental and Ecological Effects Of Ocean Renewable Energy Development A Current Synthesis. Oceanography 23:68-81. 2010 Review
Mason, T. J. and C. G. Lowe. 2010. Home range, habitat use, and site fidelity of barred sand bass within a southern California marine protected area. Fisheries Research 106:93-101. 2010 GIS & Maps Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Brandt, F., D. Bank, S. L. Cross, and R. Weiss. 2010. A Lidocaine-Containing Formulation of Large-Gel Particle Hyaluronic Acid Alleviates Pain. Dermatologic Surgery 36:1876-1885. 2010
Molloy, P. P., J. A. Anticamara, J. L. Rist, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2010. Frugal conservation: What does it take to detect changes in fish populations? Biological Conservation 143:2532-2542. 2010 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Knittweis, L. and M. Wolff. 2010. Live coral trade impacts on the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis in Indonesia: Potential future management approaches. Biological Conservation 143:2722-2729. 2010 Indonesia Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Smith, K., M. Scarr, and C. Scarpaci. 2010. Grey Nurse Shark (Carcharias taurus) Diving Tourism: Tourist Compliance and Shark Behaviour at Fish Rock, Australia. Environmental Management 46:699-710. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., U. R. Sumaila, K. Kaschner, and D. Pauly. 2010. The global potential for whale watching. Marine Policy [inpress]. 2010 Global Funding & Incentives; Whales & Dolphins
Andrefouet, S. and L. Wantiez. 2010. Characterizing the diversity of coral reef habitats and fish communities found in a UNESCO World Heritage Site: The strategy developed for Lagoons of New Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:612-620. 2010 New Caledonia Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Fish
Moreno-Sanchez, R. d. P. and J. H. Maldonado. 2010. Evaluating the role of co-management in improving governance of marine protected areas: an experimental approach in the Colombian Caribbean. Ecological Economics 69:2557-2567. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Pemberton, C. A., E. Harris-Charles, and H. Patterson-Andrews. 2010. Cultural bias in contingent valuation of copper mining in the Commonwealth of Dominica. Ecological Economics 70:19-23. 2010 Valuation
Walker, B., L. Pearson, M. Harris, K.-G. Maler, C.-Z. Li, R. Biggs, and T. Bayes. 2010. Incorporating resilience in the assessment of inclusive wealth: an example from South East Australia. Environmental Resources and Economics 45:183-202. 2010 Australia Agriculture
Albouy, C., D. Mouillot, D. Rocklin, J. M. Culioli, and F. Le Loc'h. 2010. Simulation of the combined effects of artisanal and recreational fisheries on a Mediterranean MPA ecosystem using a trophic model. Marine Ecology Progress Series 412:207-221. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Water Stewardship Inc. 2010. Beta Test Report: Process Development & Description of Findings. 2010 Agriculture; Nutrients
Wells, M. and S. Parker. 2010. The thermal variability of the waters of Fathom Five National Marine Park, Lake Huron. Journal of Great Lakes Research 36:570-576. 2010 Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Portune, K. J., C. R. Voolstra, M. Medina, and A. M. Szmant. 2010. Development and heat stress-induced transcriptomic changes during embryogenesis of the scleractinian coral Acropora palmata. Marine Genomics 3:51-62. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Plankton; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Mbije, N. E. J., E. Spanier, and B. Rinkevich. 2010. Testing the first phase of the 'gardening concept' as an applicable tool in restoring denuded reefs in Tanzania. Ecological Engineering 36:713-721. 2010 Tanzania Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Hydrocoral; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Hamouda, A. Z. and K. M. Abdel-Salam. 2010. Estuarine Habitat Assessment for Construction of a Submarine Transmission Line. Surveys In Geophysics 31:449-463. 2010 Egypt GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Mitigation; Pipelines; Sediment; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Depth & Sea Level
Edgar, G. J. and N. S. Barrett. 2010. Biotic affinities of rocky reef fishes, invertebrates and macroalgae in different zones of the Port Davey marine protected area, south-western Tasmania. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:282-296. 2010 Australia Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Water Depth & Sea Level
Edgar, G. J., P. R. Last, N. S. Barrett, K. Gowlett-Holmes, M. Driessen, and P. Mooney. 2010. Conservation of natural wilderness values in the Port Davey marine and estuarine protected area, south-western Tasmania. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:297-311. 2010 Global; Australia Boating Activities; Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Carpenter, L. W., M. R. Patterson, and E. S. Bromage. 2010. Water flow influences the spatiotemporal distribution of heat shock protein 70 within colonies of the scleractinian coral Montastrea annularis (Ellis and Solander, 1786) following heat stress: Implications for coral bleaching. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 387:52-59. 2010 Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lynch, A. M. J., S. G. Sutton, and C. A. Simpfendorfer. 2010. Implications of recreational fishing for elasmobranch conservation in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:312-318. 2010 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Wabnitz, C. C. C., S. Andrefouet, and F. E. Muller-Karger. 2010. Measuring progress toward global marine conservation targets. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8:124-129. 2010 Global Remote Sensing Marine Protected Areas
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2010. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164:513-531. 2010 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Murchie, K. J., E. Schwager, S. J. Cooke, A. J. Danylchuk, S. E. Danylchuk, T. L. Goldberg, C. D. Suski, and D. P. Philipp. 2010. Spatial ecology of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in tidal creeks and coastal waters of Eleuthera, The Bahamas. Environmental Biology of Fishes 89:95-104. 2010 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Vergauwen, L., D. Benoot, R. Blust, and D. Knapen. 2010. Long-term warm or cold acclimation elicits a specific transcriptional response and affects energy metabolism in zebrafish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 157:149-157. 2010 Fish; Special Use Permitting
Miller, T. L., R. D. Adlard, R. A. Bray, J. L. Justine, and T. H. Cribb. 2010. Cryptic species of Euryakaina n. g. (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from sympatric lutjanids in the Indo-West Pacific. Systematic Parasitology 77:185-204. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Maldives; New Caledonia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Docks & Marinas
Roth, M. S., M. I. Latz, R. Goericke, and D. D. Deheyn. 2010. Green fluorescent protein regulation in the coral Acropora yongei during photoacclimation. Journal of Experimental Biology 213:3644-3655. 2010 Lab Study Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Pineda, J., F. Porri, V. Starczak, and J. Blythe. 2010. Causes of decoupling between larval supply and settlement and consequences for understanding recruitment and population connectivity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 392:9-21. 2010 Review Invertebrates; Special Use Permitting
Westerberg, V. H., R. Lifran, and S. B. Olsen. 2010. To restore or not? A valuation of social and ecological functions of the Marais des Baux wetland in Southern France. Ecological Economics 69:2383-2393. 2010 France Model Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
TEEB. 2010. Integrating the ecological and economic dimensions in biodiversity and ecosystem service valuation. in Kumar, P., editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives
TEEB. 2010. Biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Surface & Groundwater Flow
TEEB. 2010. Measuring biophysical quantities and the use of indicators. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Index or Indicator Agriculture; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Forestry
Garzon-Ferreira, J. and A. Rodriguez-Ramirez. 2010. SIMAC: Development and implementation of a coral reef monitoring network in Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:67-80. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Docks & Marinas; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Internet & Telecommunications; Octocoral; Pathogens; Salinity
O'Donnell, M. J., A. E. Todgham, M. A. Sewell, L. M. Hammond, K. Ruggiero, N. A. Fangue, M. L. Zippay, and G. E. Hofmann. 2010. Ocean acidification alters skeletogenesis and gene expression in larval sea urchins. Marine Ecology Progress Series 398:157-171. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Manez, K. S. and S. C. A. Ferse. 2010. The History of Makassan Trepang Fishing and Trade. PLoS One 5:e11346. 2010 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Olsen, Y. S., S. E. Fox, E. L. Kinney, M. Teichberg, and I. Valiela. 2010. Differences in urbanization and degree of marine influence are reflected in delta C-13 and delta N-15 of producers and consumers in seagrass habitats of Puerto Rico. Marine Environmental Research 69:198-206. 2010 Puerto Rico Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Dailer, M. L., R. S. Knox, J. E. Smith, M. Napier, and C. M. Smith. 2010. Using delta N-15 values in algal tissue to map locations and potential sources of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on the island of Maui, Hawai'i, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:655-671. 2010 GIS & Maps Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Wastewater Discharge
Arbuatti, A. and P. Lucidi. 2010. Poisonous ornamental fishes on free sale. Survey on envenomations by Pterois volitans. Sanitary and legislative aspects with reference to the Italian current regulations about dangerous animals. Veterinaria 24:37-41. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Special Use Permitting
Butler, A. J., T. Rees, P. Beesley, and N. J. Bax. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in the Australian Region. PLoS One 5:e11831. 2010 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites
Fautin, D., P. Dalton, L. S. Incze, J. A. C. Leong, C. Pautzke, A. Rosenberg, P. Sandifer, G. Sedberry, J. W. Tunnell, I. Abbott, R. E. Brainard, M. Brodeur, L. G. Eldredge, M. Feldman, F. Moretzsohn, P. S. Vroom, M. Wainstein, and N. Wolff. 2010. An Overview of Marine Biodiversity in United States Waters. PLoS One 5:e11914. 2010 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Banks, Credit, & Securities; CO2; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Ward-Paige, C. A., C. Mora, H. K. Lotze, C. Pattengill-Semmens, L. McClenachan, E. Arias-Castro, and R. A. Myers. 2010. Large-Scale Absence of Sharks on Reefs in the Greater-Caribbean: A Footprint of Human Pressures. PLoS One 5:e11968. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Special Use Permitting
TEEB. 2010. Socio-cultural context of ecosystem and biodiversity valuation. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
TEEB. 2010. The economics of valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Climate; Climate Regulation; Cultural Policies; Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
TEEB. 2010. Discounting, ethics, and options for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010
TEEB. 2010. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Index or Indicator Economic Markets & Policies; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
TEEB. 2010. Appendix C: Estimates of monetary values of ecosystem services. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation
Adams, E. W. and C. A. Hasler. 2010. The intrinsic effect of shape on the retrogradation motif and timing of drowning of carbonate patch reef systems (Lower Frasnian, Bugle Gap, Canning Basin, Western Australia). Sedimentology 57:956-984. 2010 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Litaker, R. W., M. W. Vandersea, M. A. Faust, S. R. Kibler, A. W. Nau, W. C. Holland, M. Chinain, M. J. Holmes, and P. A. Tester. 2010. Global distribution of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. Toxicon 56:711-730. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Klein, C. J., N. C. Ban, B. S. Halpern, M. Beger, E. T. Game, H. S. Grantham, A. Green, T. J. Klein, S. Kininmonth, E. Treml, K. Wilson, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Prioritizing Land and Sea Conservation Investments to Protect Coral Reefs. PLoS One 5:e12431. 2010 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity
Singh, S. P., A. Azua, A. Chaudhary, S. Khan, K. L. Willett, and P. R. Gardinali. 2010. Occurrence and distribution of steroids, hormones and selected pharmaceuticals in South Florida coastal environments. Ecotoxicology 19:338-350. 2010 Florida Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Sheehy, D. J. and S. F. Vik. 2010. The role of constructed reefs in non-indigenous species introductions and range expansions. Ecological Engineering 36:1-11. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Review Artificial Habitat; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Skeletal Coral
Svensson, P., L. D. Rodwell, and M. J. Attrill. 2010. The perceptions of local fishermen towards a hotel managed marine reserve in Vietnam. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:114-122. 2010 Vietnam Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas
Lamb, R. W. and D. W. Johnson. 2010. Trophic restructuring of coral reef fish communities in a large marine reserve. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:169-180. 2010 Bahamas Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Rees, S. E., M. J. Attrill, M. C. Austen, S. C. Mangi, J. P. Richards, and L. D. Rodwell. 2010. Is there a win-win scenario for marine nature conservation? A case study of Lyme Bay, England. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:135-145. 2010 England Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Monetary Valuation; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Ford, J. R., R. J. Williams, A. M. Fowler, D. R. Cox, and I. M. Suthers. 2010. Identifying critical estuarine seagrass habitat for settlement of coastally spawned fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:181-193. 2010 Australia Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Seagrasses
Henriques, A. P. M., A. D. D. Neto, and R. F. Amaral. 2010. Classification of multispectral images in coral environments using a hybrid of classifier ensembles. Neurocomputing 73:1256-1264. 2010 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Wilson, S. K., M. Adjeroud, D. R. Bellwood, M. L. Berumen, D. Booth, Y. M. Bozec, P. Chabanet, A. Cheal, J. Cinner, M. Depczynski, D. A. Feary, M. Gagliano, N. A. J. Graham, A. R. Halford, B. S. Halpern, A. R. Harborne, A. S. Hoey, S. J. Holbrook, G. P. Jones, M. Kulbiki, and Letourneu. 2010. Crucial knowledge gaps in current understanding of climate change impacts on coral reef fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology 213:894-900. 2010 Global Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity
Knee, K. L., J. H. Street, E. E. Grossman, A. B. Boehm, and A. Paytan. 2010. Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean from submarine groundwater discharge in a groundwater-dominated system: Relation to land use (Kona coast, Hawaii, USA). Limnology and Oceanography 55:1105-1122. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Discharges; Golf Course Operations; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Beare, D., F. Holker, G. H. Engelhard, E. McKenzie, and D. G. Reid. 2010. An unintended experiment in fisheries science: a marine area protected by war results in Mexican waves in fish numbers-at-age. Naturwissenschaften 97:797-808. 2010 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Anticamara, J. A., D. Zeller, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2010. Spatial and temporal variation of abundance, biomass and diversity within marine reserves in the Philippines. Diversity and Distributions 16:529-536. 2010 Philippines Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hardiman, N. and S. Burgin. 2010. Recreational impacts on the fauna of Australian coastal marine ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management 91:2096-2108. 2010 Australia; Cuba Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Boating Activities; Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Edwards, A. J., editor. 2010. Reef rehabilitation manual. The Coral Reef Targeted Research & Capacity Building for Management Program, St Lucia, Australia. 2010 Global; Australia Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Mitigation; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae
Scott, C., S. E. Lewis, R. Milla, M. C. Taylor, A. J. W. Rodgers, G. Dumsday, J. E. Brodie, J. G. Oakeshott, and R. J. Russell. 2010. A free-enzyme catalyst for the bioremediation of environmental atrazine contamination. Journal of Environmental Management 91:2075-2078. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Remediation
Anton, C., J. Young, P. A. Harrison, M. Musche, G. Bela, C. K. Feld, R. Harrington, J. R. Haslett, G. Pataki, M. D. A. Rounsevell, M. Skourtos, J. P. Sousa, M. T. Sykes, R. Tinch, M. Vandewalle, A. Watt, and J. Settele. 2010. Research needs for incorporating the ecosystem service approach into EU biodiversity conservation policy. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2979-2994. 2010 Review; Index or Indicator Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Zawada, D. G., G. A. Piniak, and C. J. Hearn. 2010. Topographic complexity and roughness of a tropical benthic seascape. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L14604. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Substrate
Hill, N. A., A. R. Pepper, M. L. Puotinen, M. G. Hughes, G. J. Edgar, N. S. Barrett, R. D. Stuart-Smith, and R. Leaper. 2010. Quantifying wave exposure in shallow temperate reef systems: applicability of fetch models for predicting algal biodiversity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 417:83-U100. 2010 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae
Chu, J. W. F. and S. P. Leys. 2010. High resolution mapping of community structure in three glass sponge reefs (Porifera, Hexactinellida). Marine Ecology Progress Series 417:97-U120. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Molluscs; Sponges
Kininmonth, S., M. Drechsler, K. Johst, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Metapopulation mean life time within complex networks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 417:139-149. 2010 Australia Model Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Hogan, J. D., R. J. Thiessen, and D. D. Heath. 2010. Variability in connectivity indicated by chaotic genetic patchiness within and among populations of a marine fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 417:263-U289. 2010 Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Winfree, R. 2010. The conservation and restoration of wild bees. Pages 169-197 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2010. 2010 Global Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Metcalf, S. J. 2010. Qualitative Models to Complement Quantitative Ecosystem Models for the Analysis of Data-Limited Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries. Reviews in Fisheries Science 18:248-265. 2010 Australia Model Algae; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Samhouri, J. F., P. S. Levin, and C. H. Ainsworth. 2010. Identifying Thresholds for Ecosystem-Based Management. PLoS One 5:e8907. 2010 Columbia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest
Bell, J. J., J. Berman, T. Jones, and L. J. Hepburn. 2010. Variability in the spatial association patterns of sponge assemblages in response to environmental heterogeneity. Marine Biology 157:2503-2509. 2010 South & Central America; Indonesia; Caribbean Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Sponges
Harper, S. J. M., C. R. Bates, H. M. Guzman, and J. M. Mair. 2010. Acoustic mapping of fish aggregation areas to improve fisheries management in Las Perlas Archipelago, Pacific Panama. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:615-623. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management
Speed, C. W., I. C. Field, M. G. Meekan, and C. J. A. Bradshaw. 2010. Complexities of coastal shark movements and their implications for management. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:275-U305. 2010 Global Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Salinity
Clifton, J., L. C. Cullen, J. Haapkyla, and R. K. F. Unsworth. 2010. Ensuring appropriate and proportionate responses to environmental threats: A response to Caras and Pasternak. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:700-702. 2010 Indonesia Cultural Policies; Mangroves; Mining Policies; Seagrasses
Broad, A., N. Knott, X. Turon, and A. R. Davis. 2010. Effects of a shark repulsion device on rocky reef fishes: no shocking outcomes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:295-298. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
de Juan, S. and J. Lleonart. 2010. A conceptual framework for the protection of vulnerable habitats impacted by fishing activities in the Mediterranean high seas. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:717-723. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Heyman, W. D., L. M. Carr, and P. S. Lobel. 2010. Diver ecotourism and disturbance to reef fish spawning aggregations: It is better to be disturbed than to be dead. Marine Ecology Progress Series 419:201-210. 2010 South & Central America; Belize Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Selig, E. R., K. S. Casey, and J. F. Bruno. 2010. New insights into global patterns of ocean temperature anomalies: implications for coral reef health and management. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19:397-411. 2010 Global Model Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures
Oren, M., K. O. Amar, J. Douek, T. Rosenzweig, G. Paz, and B. Rinkevich. 2010. Assembled catalog of immune-related genes from allogeneic challenged corals that unveils the participation of vWF-like transcript. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 34:630-637. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Goffredo, S., F. Pensa, P. Neri, A. Orlandi, M. S. Gagliardi, A. Velardi, C. Piccinetti, and F. Zaccanti. 2010. Unite research with what citizens do for fun: "recreational monitoring'' of marine biodiversity. Ecological Applications 20:2170-2187. 2010 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Social Organizations; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Scharron, C. E. R. 2010. Sediment production from unpaved roads in a sub-tropical dry setting - Southwestern Puerto Rico. Catena 82:146-158. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Mitigation; Sediment; Transportation Policies
Heupel, M. R., A. J. Williams, D. J. Welch, C. R. Davies, S. Adams, G. Carlos, and B. D. Mapstone. 2010. Demography of a large exploited grouper, Plectropomus laevis: Implications for fisheries management. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:184-195. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Murphy, H. M. and G. P. Jenkins. 2010. Observational methods used in marine spatial monitoring of fishes and associated habitats: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:236-252. 2010 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Louzao, M., N. Anadon, J. Arrontes, C. Alvarez-Claudio, D. M. Fuente, F. Ocharan, A. Anadon, and J. L. Acuna. 2010. Historical macrobenthic community assemblages in the Aviles Canyon, N Iberian Shelf: Baseline biodiversity information for a marine protected area. Journal of Marine Systems 80:47-56. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe; Spain Marine Protected Areas
Dawson, T. P., M. D. A. Rounsevell, T. Kluvankova-Oravska, V. Chobotova, and A. Stirling. 2010. Dynamic properties of complex adaptive ecosystems: implications for the sustainability of service provision. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2843-2853. 2010 Global Surface & Groundwater Flow
de Bello, F., S. Lavorel, S. Diaz, R. Harrington, J. H. C. Cornelissen, R. D. Bardgett, M. P. Berg, P. Cipriotti, C. K. Feld, D. Hering, P. M. da Silva, S. G. Potts, L. Sandin, J. P. Sousa, J. Storkey, D. A. Wardle, and P. A. Harrison. 2010. Towards an assessment of multiple ecosystem processes and services via functional traits. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2873-2893. 2010 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Nutrients
Feld, C. K., J. P. Sousa, P. M. da Silva, and T. P. Dawson. 2010. Indicators for biodiversity and ecosystem services: towards an improved framework for ecosystems assessment. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2895-2919. 2010 Global; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Harrington, R., C. Anton, T. P. Dawson, F. de Bello, C. K. Feld, J. R. Haslett, T. Kluvankova-Oravska, A. Kontogianni, S. Lavorel, G. W. Luck, M. D. A. Rounsevell, M. J. Samways, J. Settele, M. Skourtos, J. H. Spangenberg, M. Vandewalle, M. Zobel, and P. A. Harrison. 2010. Ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation: concepts and a glossary. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2773-2790. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Valuation
Calado, H. and A. Gil, editors. 2010. Geographic technologies applied to marine spatial planning and integrated coastal zone management. CIGPT, Ponta Delgada, Portugal. 2010 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) GIS & Maps Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes
2010. USVI Integrated Water Quality Monitoring & Assessment Report. Department of Planning & Natural Resources. 2010 US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sarkis, S., P. J. H. VanBeukering, and E. McKenzie, editors. 2010. TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF BERMUDA�S CORAL REEFS: Valuation of Ecosystem Services. Department of Conservation Services, Bermuda. 2010 Bermuda Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Economic Markets & Policies; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Shaish, L., G. Levy, G. Katzir, and B. Rinkevich. 2010. Employing a highly fragmented, weedy coral species in reef restoration. Ecological Engineering 36:1424-1432. 2010 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Moussa, R. M. 2010. Estimation of the size of lagoon fish sold at the roadside as tui on Moorea Island (French Polynesia) by analysis of digital images. Cybium 34:73-82. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Vaslet, A., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Fish assemblages in a mangrove shoreline lagoon of Guadeloupe (FWI): spatial and temporal distribution patterns along environmental gradients. Cybium 34:115-127. 2010 Antilles Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jackson, D. J., V. Thiel, and G. Worheide. 2010. An evolutionary fast-track to biocalcification. Geobiology 8:191-196. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Sponges
Haisfield, K. M., H. E. Fox, S. Yen, S. Mangubhai, and P. J. Mous. 2010. An ounce of prevention: cost-effectiveness of coral reef rehabilitation relative to enforcement. Conservation Letters 3:243-250. 2010 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Kopp, D., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, D. Mouillot, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Herbivorous fishes and the potential of Caribbean marine reserves to preserve coral reef ecosystems. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:516-524. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Graham, N. A. J., M. D. Spalding, and C. R. C. Sheppard. 2010. Reef shark declines in remote atolls highlight the need for multi-faceted conservation action. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:543-548. 2010 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Walker, S. P. W., L. Thibaut, and M. I. McCormick. 2010. Density-Dependent Sex Ratio Adjustment and the Allee Effect: A Model and a Test Using a Sex-Changing Fish. American Naturalist 176:312-321. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Invertebrates
Serrano, X., M. Grosell, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Salinity selection and preference of the grey snapper Lutjanus griseus: field and laboratory observations. Journal of Fish Biology 76:1592-1608. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Special Use Permitting
Rush, J. and C. Kerans. 2010. Stratigraphic Response Across A Structurally Dynamic Shelf: The Latest Guadalupian Composite Sequence At Walnut Canyon, New Mexico, Usa. Journal of Sedimentary Research 80:808-828. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Sediment
Launio, C. C., Y. Morooka, H. Aizaki, and Y. Iiguni. 2010. Perceptions of small-scale fishermen on the value of marine resources and protected areas: case of Claveria, Northern Philippines. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 17:401-409. 2010 Philippines Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management
Vietti, R. C., G. Albertelli, S. Aliani, S. Bava, G. Bavestrello, L. B. Cecchi, C. N. Bianchi, E. Bozzo, M. Capello, M. Castellano, C. Cerrano, M. Chiantore, N. Corradi, S. Cocito, L. Cutroneo, G. Diviacco, M. Fabiano, M. Faimali, M. Ferrari, G. P. Gasparini, and Locr. 2010. The Ligurian Sea: present status, problems and perspectives. Chemistry and Ecology 26:319-340. 2010 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Plankton; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins
Chou, L. M., D. W. Huang, K. P. P. Tun, J. T. B. Kwik, Y. C. Tay, and A. L. Seow. 2010. Temporal Changes in Reef Community Structure at Bintan Island (Indonesia) Suggest Need for Integrated Management. Pacific Science 64:99-111. 2010 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Selig, E. R. and J. F. Bruno. 2010. A global analysis of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in preventing coral loss. PLoS One 5:e9278. 2010 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Stony Coral
Holmes, G. and R. W. Johnstone. 2010. Modelling coral reef ecosystems with limited observational data. Ecological Modelling 221:1173-1183. 2010 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Jordan, S. J., S. E. Hayes, D. Yoskowitz, L. S. Smith, J. K. Summers, M. Russell, and W. H. Benson. 2010. Accounting for natural resources and environmental sustainability: linking ecosystem services to human well-being. Environmental Science and Technology [inpress]. 2010 Index or Indicator Special Use Permitting
Malcolm, H. A. and S. D. A. Smith. 2010. Objective selection of surrogate families to describe reef fish assemblages in a subtropical marine park. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:3611-3618. 2010 Australia Fish; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bejarano, S., P. J. Mumby, J. D. Hedley, and I. Sotheran. 2010. Combining optical and acoustic data to enhance the detection of Caribbean forereef habitats. Remote Sensing of Environment 114:2768-2778. 2010 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Water Depth & Sea Level
Garcon, J. S., A. Grech, J. Moloney, and M. Hamann. 2010. Relative Exposure Index: an important factor in sea turtle nesting distribution. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:140-149. 2010 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Climate; Coastal Development; Sea Turtles
Jenkins, A. P., S. D. Jupiter, I. Qauqau, and J. Atherton. 2010. The importance of ecosystem-based management for conserving aquatic migratory pathways on tropical high islands: a case study from Fiji. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:224-238. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji; Papua New Guinea GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). CODE 595. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff
Wilson, S. K., M. Depczynski, R. Fisher, T. H. Holmes, R. A. O'Leary, and P. Tinkler. 2010. Habitat Associations of Juvenile Fish at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia: The Importance of Coral and Algae. PLoS One 5:e15185. 2010 Australia Algae; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Bischof, B. G. 2010. Negotiating uncertainty Framing attitudes, prioritizing issues, and finding consensus in the coral reef environment management "crisis". Ocean and Coastal Management 53:597-614. 2010 Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mitigation
Ikmi, A. and M. C. Gibson. 2010. Identification and In Vivo Characterization of NvFP-7R, a Developmentally Regulated Red Fluorescent Protein of Nematostella vectensis. PLoS One 5:e11807. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids
Munakata, A. and M. Kobayashi. 2010. Endocrine control of sexual behavior in teleost fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165:456-468. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Fish; Special Use Permitting
Schreck, C. B. 2010. Stress and fish reproduction: The roles of allostasis and hormesis. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165:549-556. 2010 Review Fish; Security Policies
Gilman, E., J. Gearhart, B. Price, S. Eckert, H. Milliken, J. Wang, Y. Swimmer, D. Shiode, O. Abe, S. H. Peckham, M. Chaloupka, M. Hall, J. Mangel, J. Alfaro-Shigueto, P. Dalzell, and A. Ishizaki. 2010. Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 11:57-88. 2010 Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Sea Turtles
Reza, M. I. H. and S. A. Abdullah. 2010. Regional Index of ecological integrity: a need for sustainable management of natural resources. Ecological Indicators 11:220-229. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Rounsevell, M. D. A., T. P. Dawson, and P. A. Harrison. 2010. A conceptual framework to assess the effects of environmental change on ecosystem services. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2823-2842. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mitigation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Sagoff, M. 2010. The quantification and valuation of ecosystem services. Ecological Economics [inpress]. 2010 Collaboration & Partnering; Valuation
Pittman, S. J., C. F. G. Jeffrey, R. Clark, K. Woody, B. D. Herlach, C. Caldow, M. E. Monaco, and R. Appledoorn. 2010. Coral reef ecosystems of Reserva Natural de La Parguera (Puerto Rico): spatial and temporal patterns in fish and benthic communities (2001-2007). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2010. Coral reef local action strategies. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. 2010 Florida Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation
dos Santos, L. N., D. S. Brotto, and I. R. Zalmon. 2010. Fish responses to increasing distance from artificial reefs on the Southeastern Brazilian Coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 386:54-60. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Papastamatiou, Y. P., A. M. Friedlander, J. E. Caselle, and C. G. Lowe. 2010. Long-term movement patterns and trophic ecology of blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus) at Palmyra Atoll. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 386:94-102. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palmyra Atoll Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Marine Protected Areas
Assogbadjo, A. E., R. Glelekakai, T. Kyndt, and B. Sinsin. 2010. Conservation Genetics of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in the Parklands Agroforestry Systems of Benin (West Africa). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca 38:136-140. 2010 Global; Sudan Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Williams, N. B., B. Dixon, and A. Johnson. 2010. Linking Watersheds' Hydrologic Response to Sediment Deliver: A Conceptual Framework. Pages 1-8 in AWRA 2010 Summer Specialty Conference. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Norse, E. A. 2010. Ecosystem-Based Spatial Planning And Management Of Marine Fisheries: Why And How? Bulletin of Marine Science 86:179-195. 2010 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Fujita, R. M., K. T. Honey, A. Morris, J. R. Wilson, and H. Russell. 2010. Cooperative Strategies In Fisheries Management: Integrating Across Scales. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:251-271. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives
Sanchirico, J. N., J. Eagle, S. Palumbi, and B. H. Thompson. 2010. Comprehensive Planning, Dominant-Use Zones, And User Rights: A New Era In Ocean Governance. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:273-285. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management
Kenchington, R. 2010. Strategic Roles Of Marine Protected Areas In Ecosystem Scale Conservation. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:303-313. 2010 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
LaJeunesse, T. C., R. Smith, M. Walther, J. Pinzon, D. T. Pettay, M. McGinley, M. Aschaffenburg, P. Medina-Rosas, A. L. Cupul-Magana, A. L. Perez, H. Reyes-Bonilla, and M. E. Warner. 2010. Host-symbiont recombination versus natural selection in the response of coral-dinoflagellate symbioses to environmental disturbance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:2925-2934. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Invasive Species; Stony Coral
Iacona, G. D., L. K. Kirkman, and E. M. Bruna. 2010. Effects of resource availability on seedling recruitment in a fire-maintained savanna. Oecologia 163:171-180. 2010 Index or Indicator Water
Bridge, D., A. G. Theofiles, R. L. Holler, E. Marcinkevicius, R. E. Steele, and D. E. Martinez. 2010. FoxO and Stress Responses in the Cnidarian Hydra vulgaris. PLoS One 5:e11686. 2010 Special Use Permitting; Sponges
Ward-Paige, C., J. M. Flemming, and H. K. Lotze. 2010. Overestimating Fish Counts by Non-Instantaneous Visual Censuses: Consequences for Population and Community Descriptions. PLoS One 5:e11722. 2010 Model Apex Fish Predators; Fish
Landry, M. S. and C. T. Taggart. 2010. Turtle watching conservation guidelines: green turtle (Chelonia mydas) tourism in nearshore coastal environments. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:305-312. 2010 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Sea Turtles; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Whales & Dolphins
Sheppard, C., M. Al-Husiani, F. Al-Jamali, F. Al-Yamani, R. Baldwin, J. Bishop, F. Benzoni, E. Dutrieux, N. K. Dulvy, S. R. V. Durvasula, D. A. Jones, R. Loughland, D. Medio, M. Nithyanandan, G. M. Pilling, I. Polikarpov, A. R. G. Price, S. Purkis, B. Riegl, and M. Saburova. 2010. The Gulf: A young sea in decline. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:13-38. 2010 Review Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Shaw, M., M. J. Furnas, K. Fabricius, D. Haynes, S. Carter, G. Eaglesham, and J. F. Mueller. 2010. Monitoring pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:113-122. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
White, J. W. 2010. Adapting the steepness parameter from stock-recruit curves for use in spatially explicit models. Fisheries Research 102:330-334. 2010 Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Crec'hriou, R., F. Alemany, E. Roussel, A. Chassanite, J. Y. Marinaro, J. Mader, E. Rochel, and S. Planes. 2010. Fisheries replenishment of early life taxa: potential export of fish eggs and larvae from a temperate marine protected area. Fisheries Oceanography 19:135-150. 2010 Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sarno, D., A. Zingone, and M. Montresor. 2010. A massive and simultaneous sex event of two Pseudo-nitzschia species. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57:248-255. 2010 Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aswani, S. and A. Sabetian. 2010. Implications of Urbanization for Artisanal Parrotfish Fisheries in the Western Solomon Islands. Conservation Biology 24:520-530. 2010 Solomon Islands Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Weeks, R., G. R. Russ, A. C. Alcala, and A. T. White. 2010. Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas in the Philippines for Biodiversity Conservation. Conservation Biology 24:531-540. 2010 Global; Philippines Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Dalleau, M., S. Andrefouet, C. C. C. Wabnitz, C. Payri, L. Wantiez, M. Pichon, K. Friedman, L. Vigliola, and F. Benzoni. 2010. Use of Habitats as Surrogates of Biodiversity for Efficient Coral Reef Conservation Planning in Pacific Ocean Islands. Conservation Biology 24:541-552. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Jimenez, H., P. Dumas, L. Bigot, J. M. Amouroux, and J. Ferraris. 2010. Taxonomic resolution needed to describe invertebrate assemblages and to detect harvesting effects on coral reef ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 406:211-222. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Hayes, M. L., R. I. Eytan, and M. E. Hellberg. 2010. High amino acid diversity and positive selection at a putative coral immunity gene (tachylectin-2). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:150. 2010 Japan Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Weeks, R., G. R. Russ, A. A. Bucol, and A. C. Alcala. 2010. Shortcuts for marine conservation planning: The effectiveness of socioeconomic data surrogates. Biological Conservation 143:1236-1244. 2010 Philippines Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Johnson, J. E. and D. J. Welch. 2010. Marine Fisheries Management in a Changing Climate: A Review of Vulnerability and Future Options. Reviews in Fisheries Science 18:106-124. 2010 Global Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Ocean Acidity; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Garcia, T. M., H. Matthews-Cascon, and W. Franklin. 2010. Sipuncula Associated With Branching Fire Coral (Millepora Alcicornis) In A Marine Protected Area In Northeastern Brazil. Thalassas 26:9-12. 2010 Cuba Lab Study Hydrocoral; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms
Linan-Cabello, M. A., L. A. Flores-Ramirez, J. F. Cobo-Diaz, T. Zenteno-Savin, N. O. Olguin-Monroy, A. Olivos-Ortiz, and A. Tintos-Gomez. 2010. Response to short term ultraviolet stress in the reef-building coral Pocillopora capitata (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:103-118. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Algae; Light; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Weiss, R., D. Bank, and F. Brandt. 2010. Randomized, Double-Blind, Split-Face Study of Small-Gel-Particle Hyaluronic Acid with and without Lidocaine During Correction of Nasolabial Folds. Dermatologic Surgery 36:750-759. 2010
Ushie, H., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, S. Murayama, and M. Inoue. 2010. Enhanced riverine carbon flux from carbonate catchment to the ocean: A comparative hydrogeochemical study on Ishigaki and Iriomote islands, southwestern Japan. Journal Of Geophysical Research-biogeosciences 115:G02017. 2010 Japan Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ang, T. Z. and A. Manica. 2010. Unavoidable limits on group size in a body size-based linear hierarchy. Behavioral Ecology 21:819-825. 2010 Fish; Special Use Permitting
David, G., M. Leopold, P. S. Dumas, J. Ferraris, J. B. Herrenschmidt, and G. Fontenelle. 2010. Integrated coastal zone management perspectives to ensure the sustainability of coral reefs in New Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:323-334. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia
Jones, K. B., E. T. Slonecker, M. S. Nash, A. C. Neale, T. G. Wade, and S. Hamann. 2010. Riparian habitat changes across the continental United States (1972-2003) and potential implications for sustaining ecosystem services. Landscape Ecology 1-15. 2010 Model; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Wetlands
Kirkby, C. A., R. Giudice-Granados, B. Day, K. Turner, L. M. Velarde- Andrade, A. Duenas-Duenas, J. C. Lara-Rivas, and D. W. Yu. 2010. The Market Triumph of Ecotourism: An Economic Investigation of the Private and Social Benefits of Competing Land Uses in the Peruvian Amazon. PLoS One 5:1-14. 2010 Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Tourism & Recreation
Vignon, M. and F. Morat. 2010. Environmental and genetic determinant of otolith shape revealed by a non-indigenous tropical fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:231-241. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Taylor, B. M. and J. L. McIlwain. 2010. Beyond abundance and biomass: effects of marine protected areas on the demography of a highly exploited reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:243-258. 2010 Guam Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Foden, J., S. I. Rogers, and A. P. Jones. 2010. Recovery of UK seabed habitats from benthic fishing and aggregate extraction-towards a cumulative impact assessment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:259-270. 2010 Europe; England Review; Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Patrick, W. S., P. Spencer, J. Link, J. Cope, J. Field, D. Kobayashi, P. Lawson, T. Gedamke, E. Cortes, O. Ormseth, K. Bigelow, and W. Overholtz. 2010. Using productivity and susceptibility indices to assess the vulnerability of United States fish stocks to overfishing. Fishery Bulletin 108:305-322. 2010 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Sukhdev, P., editor. 2010. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for business: executive summary. Earthscan, Cambridge,(UK). 2010 Monetary Valuation
Sukhdev, P., editor. 2010. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: a quick guide to TEEB for local and regional policy makers, Earthscan, Cambridge,(UK). 2010
Wicks, L. C., E. Sampayo, J. P. A. Gardner, and S. K. Davy. 2010. Local endemicity and high diversity characterise high-latitude coral-Symbiodinium partnerships. Coral Reefs 29:989-1003. 2010 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Octocoral
Villegas-Sanchez, C. A., R. Rivera-Madrid, and J. E. Arias-Gonzalez. 2010. Small-scale genetic connectivity of bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) recruits in Mexican Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs 29:1023-1033. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Takemura, A., M. S. Rahman, and Y. J. Park. 2010. External and internal controls of lunar-related reproductive rhythms in fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 76:7-26. 2010 Review Fish; Special Use Permitting
Hickey, T. D., A. C. Hine, E. A. Shinn, S. E. Kruse, and R. Z. Poore. 2010. Pleistocene Carbonate Stratigraphy of South Florida: Evidence for High-Frequency Sea-Level Cyclicity. Journal of Coastal Research 26:605-614. 2010 Florida
Callaway, R., N. Desroy, S. F. Dubois, J. Fournier, M. Frost, L. Godet, V. J. Hendrick, and M. Rabaut. 2010. Ephemeral Bio-engineers or Reef-building Polychaetes: How Stable are Aggregations of the Tube Worm Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766)? Integrative And Comparative Biology 50:237-250. 2010 Europe; France Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Sediment
Richlen, M. L., S. L. Morton, E. A. Jamali, A. Rajan, and D. M. Anderson. 2010. The catastrophic 2008-2009 red tide in the Arabian gulf region, with observations on the identification and phylogeny of the fish-killing dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Harmful Algae 9:163-172. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Malaysia; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Mexico Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Unsworth, R. K. F., L. C. Cullen, J. N. Pretty, D. J. Smith, and J. J. Bell. 2010. Economic and subsistence values of the standing stocks of seagrass fisheries: Potential benefits of no-fishing marine protected area management. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:218-224. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Luna, B., C. V. Perez, and J. L. Sanchez-Lizaso. 2009. Benthic impacts of recreational divers in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:517-523. 2009 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Gray, N. J. and L. M. Campbell. 2009. Science, Policy Advocacy, and Marine Protected Areas. Conservation Biology 23:460-468. 2009 Marine Protected Areas
Stone, R., D. White, R. Guest, and B. Francis. 2009. The Virtual Scylla: An exploration of \serious games\", artificial life and simulation complexity". Virtual Reality 13:13-25. 2009 Europe; England Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Climate; Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering; Military; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Metaxas, A. and M. Saunders. 2009. Quantifying the "bio-" components in biophysical models of larval transport in marine benthic invertebrates: advances and pitfalls. Biological Bulletin 216:257-272. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Invertebrates
Kinney, M. J. and C. A. Simpfendorfer. 2009. Reassessing the value of nursery areas to shark conservation and management. Conservation Letters 2:53-60. 2009 GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Lin, M. Z., M. R. McKeown, H. L. Ng, T. A. Aguilera, N. C. Shaner, R. E. Campbell, S. R. Adams, L. A. Gross, W. Ma, T. Alber, and R. Y. Tsien. 2009. Autofluorescent Proteins with Excitation in the Optical Window for Intravital Imaging in Mammals. Chemistry & Biology 16:1169-1179. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biomedical Research Policies; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Alvarado, E. and A. Acosta. 2009. Natural lesions and regeneration of ramets of Montastraea annularis (Scleractinia: Faviidae) in a degraded reef of the Colombian Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57:939-954. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges; Stony Coral
Smith, R. T., J. H. Pinzon, and T. C. LaJeunesse. 2009. Symbiodinium (Dinophyta) Diversity And Stability In Aquarium Corals. Journal of Phycology 45:1030-1036. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Collaboration & Partnering; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Sabourault, C., P. Ganot, E. Deleury, D. Allemand, and P. Furla. 2009. Comprehensive EST analysis of the symbiotic sea anemone, Anemonia viridis. BMC Genomics 10:333. 2009 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Teplitski, M. and K. Ritchie. 2009. How feasible is the biological control of coral diseases? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24:378-385. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Pathogens
Kendall, M. S., L. J. Bauer, and C. F. G. Jeffrey. 2009. Influence Of Hard Bottom Morphology On Fish Assemblages Of The Continental Shelf Off Georgia, Southeastern Usa. Bulletin of Marine Science 84:265-286. 2009 Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Haapkyla, J., A. S. Seymour, O. Barneah, I. Brickner, S. Hennige, D. Suggett, and D. Smith. 2009. Association of Waminoa sp (Acoela) with corals in the Wakatobi Marine Park, South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. Marine Biology 156:1021-1027. 2009 Indonesia Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Jordan, S. J., L. M. Smith, and J. A. Nestlerode. 2009. Cumulative Effects of Coastal Habitat Alterations on Fishery Resources: toward Prediction at Regional Scales. Ecology and Society 14:16-35. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Model Commercial Fisheries; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
McAdoo, B. G., A. Moore, and J. Baumwoll. 2009. Indigenous knowledge and the near field population response during the 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami. Natural Hazards 48:73-82. 2009 Solomon Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Housing; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection
Brodie, J., S. Lewis, Z. Bainbridge, A. Mitchell, J. Waterhouse, and F. Kroon. 2009. Target setting for pollutant discharge management of rivers in the Great Barrier Reef catchment area. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1141-1149. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Brock, J. C. and S. J. Purkis. 2009. The Emerging Role of Lidar Remote Sensing in Coastal Research and Resource Management. Journal of Coastal Research 25:1-5. 2009 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Storms & Hurricanes
McClanahan, T. R., M. Ateweberhan, J. Omukoto, and L. Pearson. 2009. Recent seawater temperature histories, status, and predictions for madagascar's coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:117-128. 2009 Indian Ocean; Madagascar; India Algae; Climate; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Temperatures
Duran, A. and R. Claro. 2009. The feeding activity of herbivorous fishes and their impact on coral reefs with different levels of anthropogenic degradation. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57:687-697. 2009 Cuba Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Fava, F., M. Ponti, A. Scinto, B. Calcinai, and C. Cerrano. 2009. Possible effects of human impacts on epibenthic communities and coral rubble features in the marine Park of Bunaken (Indonesia). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 85:151-156. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Tallis, H., R. Goldman, M. Uhl, and B. Brosi. 2009. Integrating conservation and development in the field: implementing ecosystem service projects. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:12�20. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Bartlett, C. Y., C. Manua, J. Cinner, S. Sutton, R. Jimmy, R. South, J. Nilsson, and J. Raina. 2009. Comparison of Outcomes of Permanently Closed and Periodically Harvested Coral Reef Reserves. Conservation Biology 23:1475-1484. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Vanuatu Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coralline Algae; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Cinner, J. E., T. R. McClanahan, N. A. J. Graham, M. S. Pratchett, S. K. Wilson, and J.-B. Raina. 2009. Gear-based fisheries management as a potential adaptive response to climate change and coral mortality. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:724-732. 2009 Kenya; Papua New Guinea Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Aguilar-Perera, A., C. Gonzalez-Salas, A. Tuz-Sulub, and H. Villegas-Hernandez. 2009. Fishery of the Goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara (Teleostei: Epinephelidae) based on local ecological knowledge and fishery records in Yucatan, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57:557-566. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
de Freitas, D. M., S. Kininmonth, and S. Woodley. 2009. Linking science and management in the adoption of sensor network technology in the Great Barrier Reef coast, Australia. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 33:111-121. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Light; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sashidhara, K. V., K. N. White, and P. Crews. 2009. A selective account of effective paradigms and significant outcomes in the discovery of inspirational marine natural products. Journal of Natural Products 72:588-603. 2009 Review Collaboration & Partnering; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Unsworth, R. K. F., S. L. Garrard, P. S. De Leon, L. C. Cullen, D. J. Smith, K. A. Sloman, and J. J. Bell. 2009. Structuring of Indo-Pacific fish assemblages along the mangrove-seagrass continuum. Aquatic Biology 5:85-95. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Sanchirico, J. N. and P. Mumby. 2009. Mapping ecosystem functions to the valuation of ecosystem services: Implications of species-habitat associations for coastal land-use decisions. Theoretical Ecology 2:67-77. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Lopez-Sanz, A., N. Vert, M. Zabala, and A. Sabates. 2009. Small-scale distribution of fish larvae around the Medes Islands marine protected area (NW Mediterranean). Journal of Plankton Research 31:763-775. 2009 Index or Indicator Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Costa, B. M., T. A. Battista, and S. J. Pittman. 2009. Comparative evaluation of airborne LiDAR and ship-based multibeam SoNAR bathymetry and intensity for mapping coral reef ecosystems. Remote Sensing of Environment 113:1082-1100. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Som, S. K., V. Shivgotra, and A. Saha. 2009. Coral microatoll as geodetic tool in North Andaman and Little Andaman, India. Journal of Earth System Science 118:157-162. 2009 Global; India Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Di Camillo, C. G., S. Puce, and G. Bavestrello. 2009. Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology 76:208-228. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Marine Protected Areas
Knittweis, L., W. E. Kraemer, J. Timm, and M. Kochzius. 2009. Genetic structure of Heliofungia actiniformis (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) populations in the Indo-Malay Archipelago: implications for live coral trade management efforts. Conservation Genetics 10:241-249. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Aquarium & Pet Trade; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Semeniuk, C. A. D., W. Haider, B. Beardmore, and K. D. Rothley. 2009. A multi-attribute trade-off approach for advancing the management of marine wildlife tourism: a quantitative assessment of heterogeneous visitor preferences. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:194-208. 2009 Cayman Islands Model Tourism & Recreation
Pande, A. and J. P. A. Gardner. 2009. A baseline biological survey of the proposed Taputeranga Marine Reserve (Wellington, New Zealand): spatial and temporal variability along a natural environmental gradient. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:237-248. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Saenz-Agudelo, P., G. P. Jones, S. R. Thorrold, and S. Planes. 2009. Estimating connectivity in marine populations: An empirical evaluation of assignment tests and parentage analysis under different gene flow scenarios. Molecular Ecology 18:1765-1776. 2009 Papua New Guinea; Britain Model Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Di Franco, A., S. Bussotti, A. Navone, P. Panzalis, and P. Guidetti. 2009. Evaluating effects of total and partial restrictions to fishing on Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 387:275-285. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Tittensor, D. P., A. R. Baco, P. E. Brewin, M. R. Clark, M. Consalvey, J. Hall-Spencer, A. A. Rowden, T. Schlacher, K. I. Stocks, and A. D. Rogers. 2009. Predicting global habitat suitability for stony corals on seamounts. Journal of Biogeography 36:1111-1128. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
van Hooidonk, R. and M. Huber. 2009. Quantifying the quality of coral bleaching predictions. Coral Reefs 9-Jan. 2009 Global GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sea Temperatures
Chai, H., N. Li, C. Xiao, X. Liu, D. Li, C. Wang, and D. Wu. 2009. Automatic discrimination of sedimentary facies and lithologies in reef-bank reservoirs using borehole image logs. Applied Geophysics 6:17-29. 2009 China Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Lim, A., J. D. Hedley, E. LeDrew, P. J. Mumby, and C. Roelfsema. 2009. The effects of ecologically determined spatial complexity on the classification accuracy of simulated coral reef images. Remote Sensing of Environment 113:965-978. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Ban, N. C., G. J. A. Hansen, M. Jones, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2009. Systematic marine conservation planning in data-poor regions: Socioeconomic data is essential. Marine Policy 33:794-800. 2009 Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Bartlett, C. Y., K. Pakoa, and C. Manua. 2009. Marine reserve phenomenon in the Pacific islands. Marine Policy 33:673-678. 2009 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu Marine Protected Areas
Wolanski, E., J. A. Martinez, and R. H. Richmond. 2009. Quantifying the impact of watershed urbanization on a coral reef: Maunalua Bay, Hawaii. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:259-268. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Martin-Smith, K. 2009. A Risk-Management Framework For Avoiding Significant Adverse Impacts Of Bottom Fishing Gear On Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Ccamlr Science 16:177-193. 2009 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Marine Birds; Scientific Research; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Crabbe, M. J. C. and J. P. Carlin. 2009. Multiple Symbiodinium clades in Acropora species scleractinian corals from the Ningaloo reef, Australia. International Journal of Integrative Biology 5:72-74. 2009 Global; Australia Climate; Hydrocoral; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Georgiadis, M., G. Papatheodorou, E. Tzanatos, M. Geraga, A. Ramfos, C. Koutsikopoulos, and G. Ferentinos. 2009. Coralligene formations in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Morphology, distribution, mapping and relation to fisheries in the southern Aegean Sea (Greece) based on high-resolution acoustics. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 368:44-58. 2009 GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Crain, C. M., B. S. Halpern, M. W. Beck, and C. V. Kappel. 2009. Understanding and Managing Human Threats to the Coastal Marine Environment. Pages 39-62 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2009. 2009 Global Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landuse Management
Clark, M. R. and A. A. Rowden. 2009. Effect of deepwater trawling on the macro-invertebrate assemblages of seamounts on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56:1540-1554. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Brierley, A. S. and M. J. Kingsford. 2009. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems. Current Biology 19:R602-R614. 2009 Global Review Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Alvarado-Chacon, E. M. and A. Acosta. 2009. Population Size-Structure Of The Reef-Coral Montastraea Annularis In Two Contrasting Reefs Of A Marine Protected Area In The Southern Caribbean Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 85:61-76. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Waycott, M., C. M. Duarte, T. J. B. Carruthers, R. J. Orth, W. C. Dennison, S. Olyarnik, A. Calladine, J. W. Fourqurean, K. L. Heck, A. R. Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, W. J. Kenworthy, F. T. Short, and S. L. Williams. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:12377-12381. 2009 Global Climate; Coastal Development; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Ortiz-Lozano, L., A. Granados-Barba, and I. Espejel. 2009. Ecosystemic zonification as a management tool for marine protected areas in the coastal zone: Applications for the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:317-323. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas
Carpenter, S. R., H. A. Mooney, J. Agard, D. Capistrano, R. S. DeFries, S. D�az, T. Dietz, A. K. Duraiappah, A. Oteng-Yeboahi, H. M. Pereira, C. Perrings, W. V. Reid, J. Sarukhan, R. J. Scholes, and A. Whyte. 2009. Science for managing ecosystem services: beyond the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:1305-1312. 2009
Langhamer, O., D. Wilhelmsson, and J. Engstrom. 2009. Artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power foundations and buoys - a pilot study. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 82:426-432. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates
Lan, T. D. 2009. Assessment of some marine ecosystems using sustainable utilization indicators in Hai Phong-Quang Ninh coastal area, Vietnam. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:243-248. 2009 Vietnam Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Stony Coral
Dung, L. D. 2009. Nha Trang Bay marine protected area, Vietnam: Initial trends in coral structure and some preliminary linkages between these trends and human activities (2002-2005). Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:249-257. 2009 Vietnam Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Follesa, M. C., D. Cuccu, R. Cannas, A. Sabatini, A. M. Deiana, and A. Cau. 2009. Movement patterns of the spiny lobster Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) from a central western Mediterranean protected area. Scientia Marina 73:499-506. 2009 Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE). 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. 2009 Global GIS & Maps Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Macpherson, A. J., P. P. Principe, and E. R. Smith. 2009. A production function approach to regional environmental-economic assessments. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, (NC, USA). 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; Index or Indicator
ILM Secretariat (Environment Canada), GeoConnections and International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2009. Integrated management and geospatial information network for the environment - building a shared vision: workshop report. Ottawa, ON, Canada. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landuse Management
deGroot, R. S., R. Alkemade, L. Braat, L. Hein, and L. Willemen. 2009. Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological Complexity (inpress). 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Valuation
Maliao, R. J., A. T. White, A. P. Maypa, and R. G. Turingan. 2009. Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis. Coral Reefs 28:809-822. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Smajgl, A., S. Morris, and S. Heckbert. 2009. Water policy impact assessment - combining modelling techniques in the Great Barrier Reef region. Water Policy 11:191-202. 2009 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support
Van Herwerden, L., J. Howard Choat, S. J. Newman, M. Leray, and G. Hillersoy. 2009. Complex patterns of population structure and recruitment of Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Epinephelidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: implications for fisheries management. Marine Biology 13-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Taiwan Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Di Franco, A., M. Milazzo, P. Baiata, A. Tomasello, and R. Chemello. 2009. Scuba diver behaviour and its effects on the biota of a Mediterranean marine protected area. Environmental Conservation 36:32-40. 2009 Cuba Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Planes, S., G. P. Jones, and S. R. Thorrold. 2009. Larval dispersal connects fish populations in a network of marine protected areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:5693-5697. 2009 Papua New Guinea Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Saenz-Agudelo, P., G. P. Jones, S. R. Thorrold, and S. Planes. 2009. Estimating connectivity in marine populations: an empirical evaluation of assignment tests and parentage analysis under different gene flow scenarios. Molecular Ecology 18:1765-1776. 2009 Papua New Guinea; Britain Model Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Meng, P.-J., J. Lin, and L.-L. Liu. 2009. Aquatic organotin pollution in Taiwan. Journal of Environmental Management 90. 2009 Taiwan Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Small Boats; Snails & Conch
Voolstra, C. R., J. Schnetzer, L. Peshkin, C. J. Randall, A. M. Szmant, and M. Medina. 2009. Effects of temperature on gene expression in embryos of the coral Montastraea faveolata. BMC Genomics 10:627. 2009 Global Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Bohnet, I. C. and C. Kinjun. 2009. Community uses and values of water informing water quality improvement planning: a study from the Great Barrier Reef region, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1176-1182. 2009 Australia Valuation
Chateau, O. and L. Wantiez. 2009. Movement patterns of four coral reef fish species in a fragmented habitat in New Caledonia: Implications for the design of marine protected area networks. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:50-55. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Andersson, M. H., M. Berggren, D. Wilhelmsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2009. Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment. Helgoland Marine Research 12-Jan. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Tunicates
Obura, D. O. 2009. Reef corals bleach to resist stress. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:206-212. 2009 Climate; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Vroom, P. S. and M. A. V. Timmers. 2009. Spatial and temporal comparison of algal biodiversity and benthic cover at gardner pinnacles, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Phycology 45:337-347. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate; Turf Algae
Stelzenmuller, V., F. Maynou, and P. Martin. 2009. Patterns of species and functional diversity around a coastal marine reserve: a fisheries perspective. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:554-565. 2009 Spain GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Cooper, T. F., J. P. Gilmour, and K. E. Fabricius. 2009. Bioindicators of changes in water quality on coral reefs: review and recommendations for monitoring programmes. Coral Reefs 18-Jan. 2009 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral
Koch, E. W., E. B. Barbier, B. R. Silliman, D. J. Reed, G. M. E. Perillo, S. D. Hacker, E. F. Granek, J. H. Primavera, N. Muthiga, S. Polasky, B. S. Halpern, C. J. Kennedy, C. V. Kappel, and E. Wolanski. 2009. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:29-37. 2009 Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Valuation
Pistortus, P. A. and F. E. Taylor. 2009. Declining catch rates of reef fish in Aldabra's marine protected area. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:S2-S9. 2009 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Rasheed, M., E. El-Hihi, S. Al-Rousan, and A. Abu-Hilal. 2009. Chemical evaluation of sand material sources for beach replenishment along the coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Chemistry and Ecology 25:371-384. 2009 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients
Fay, S. A., M. X. Weber, and J. H. Lipps. 2009. The distribution of Symbiodinium diversity within individual host foraminifera. Coral Reefs 10-Jan. 2009 Papua New Guinea Special Use Permitting
Freeman, D. J., A. B. MacDiarmid, and R. B. Taylor. 2009. Habitat patches that cross marine reserve boundaries: consequences for the lobster Jasus edwardsii. Marine Ecology Progress Series 388:159-167. 2009 Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Silva, I. R., J. C. Rossi, H. M. Nascimento, and T. G. Siqueira. 2009. Geoenvironmental Characterization and Urbanization of the Beaches on the Islands of Tinhare and Boipeba, South Coast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 1297-1300. 2009 Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Bruce Duguid. 2009. Fasten Your Seat Belt: Airlines and cap-and-trade. CTC764, Carbon Trust, United Kingdom. 2009 Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Special Use Permitting
Kaunda-Arara, B., J. M. Mwaluma, G. A. Locham, V. Oresland, and M. K. Osore. 2009. Temporal variability in fish larval supply to Malindi Marine Park, coastal Kenya. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:S10-S18. 2009 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fisher, B., R. K. Turner, and P. Morling. 2009. Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecological Economics 68:643-653. 2009 Model
Clemente, S., J. C. Hernandez, and A. Brito. 2009. Evidence of the top-down role of predators in structuring sublittoral rocky-reef communities in a marine protected area and nearby areas of the Canary Islands. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:64-71. 2009 Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Mandal, D. and K. P. Tripathi. 2009. Soil erosion limits for Lakshadweep Archipelago. Current Science 96:276-280. 2009 Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Fry, G. C. and D. A. Milton. 2009. Age, growth and mortality estimates for populations of red snappers Lutjanus erythropterus and L. malabaricus from northern Australia and eastern Indonesia. Fisheries Science 75:1219-1229. 2009 Australia; Indonesia Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Moffitt, E. A., L. W. Botsford, D. M. Kaplan, and M. R. O'Farrell. 2009. Marine reserve networks for species that move within a home range. Ecological Applications 19:1835-1847. 2009 Model Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
De Moura, R. L., C. V. Minte-Vera, I. B. Curado, R. B. Francini, H. D. L. Rodrigues, G. F. Dutra, D. C. Alves, and F. J. B. Souto. 2009. Challenges and Prospects of Fisheries Co-Management under a Marine Extractive Reserve Framework in Northeastern Brazil. Coastal Management 37:617-632. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector
McLeod, E., B. Szuster, and R. Salm. 2009. Sasi and Marine Conservation in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Coastal Management 37:656-676. 2009 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Housing; Resource Use Management; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting
Vroom, P. S. and M. A. V. Timmers. 2009. Spatial And Temporal Comparison Of Algal Biodiversity And Benthic Cover At Gardner Pinnacles, Northwestern Hawai'Ian Islands. Journal of Phycology 45:337-347. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate; Turf Algae
Olbers, J. M., L. Celliers, and M. H. Schleyer. 2009. Zonation of benthic communities on the subtropical Aliwal Shoal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Zoology 44:8-23. 2009 Cuba; South Africa Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Octocoral; Primary Production; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Stony Coral
Nothdurft, L. D. and G. E. Webb. 2009. Clypeotheca, a new skeletal structure in scleractinian corals: A potential stress indicator. Coral Reefs 28:143-153. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens
Kroon, F. J., C. J. Robinson, and A. P. Dale. 2009. Integrating knowledge to inform water quality planning in the Tully-Murray basin, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1183-1188. 2009 Australia Collaboration & Partnering
Nuryanto, A. and M. Kochzius. 2009. Highly restricted gene flow and deep evolutionary lineages in the giant clam Tridacna maxima. Coral Reefs 13-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Southeast Asia; Java; Indonesia Index or Indicator Aquarium & Pet Trade; Marine Protected Areas
Eberhard, R., C. J. Robinson, J. Waterhouse, J. Parslow, B. Hart, R. Grayson, and B. Taylor. 2009. Adaptive management for water quality planning - from theory to practice. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1189-1195. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management
Van Herwerden, L., J. H. Choat, S. J. Newman, M. Leray, and G. Hillersoy. 2009. Complex patterns of population structure and recruitment of Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Epinephelidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: implications for fisheries management. Marine Biology 156:1595-1607. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Taiwan Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Scott, A. and P. L. Harrison. 2009. Gametogenic and reproductive cycles of the sea anemone, Entacmaea quadricolor. Marine Biology 156:1659-1671. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Study Location Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Zorrilla, P., G. Carmona, A. De la Hera, C. Varela-Ortega, P. Martinez-Santos, J. Bromley, and H. Jorgen Henriksen. 2009. Evaluation of Bayesian Networks in Participatory Water Resources Management, Upper Guadiana Basin, Spain. Ecology and Society 15. 2009 Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy. 2009 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Mitigation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies
Collen, J. D., J. P. A. Gardner, and D. W. Garton. 2009. Application of the littoral cell concept to managing a protected atoll: Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:628-635. 2009 Palmyra Atoll Sediment
Aubert, A., C. E. Lazareth, G. Cabioch, H. Boucher, T. Yamada, Y. Iryu, and R. Farman. 2009. The tropical giant clam Hippopus hippopus shell, a new archive of environmental conditions as revealed by sclerochronological and delta O-18 profiles. Coral Reefs 28:989-998. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral Reefs Threats and Conservation in an Era of Global Change. Pages 136-186 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2009. 2009 Global; Florida Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Rabaut, M., M. Vincx, and S. Degraer. 2009. Do Lanice conchilega (sandmason) aggregations classify as reefs? Quantifying habitat modifying effects. Helgoland Marine Research 63:37-46. 2009 Marine Worms; Sediment
Anthony, K. R. N., M. O. Hoogenboom, J. A. Maynard, A. G. Grottoli, and R. Middlebrook. 2009. Energetics approach to predicting mortality risk from environmental stress: A case study of coral bleaching. Functional Ecology 23:539-550. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Climate; Stony Coral
Waheed, B., F. Khan, and B. Veitch. 2009. Linkage-based frameworks for sustainability assessment: making a case for driving force-pressure-state-exposure- effect-action (DPSEEA) frameworks. Sustainability 1:441-463. 2009 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Nelson, D.M., T. Haverland, and E. Finnen. 2009. EcoGIS - GIS Tools for Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries Management. Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 75, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring (MD, USA). 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Smith, A. M. 2009. Bryozoans as southern sentinels of ocean acidification: A major role for a minor phylum. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:475-482. 2009 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Obura, D. O. and G. Grimsditch. 2009. Resilience Assessment of Coral Reefs Rapid assessment protocol for coral reefs, focusing on coral bleaching and thermal stress. IUCN working group on Climate Change and Coral Reefs, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Boyer, J. N. and H. O. Briceno. 2009. 2009 annual report of the water quality monitoring project for the water quality protection program of the Florida Keys National Marine Sactuary. Florida International University, Miami, FL. 2009 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Light; Nutrients; Salinity
Palmer, M. A. and S. Filoso. 2009. Restoration of Ecosystem Services for Environmental Markets. Science 325:575-576. 2009
World Resources Institute. 2009. Value of coral reefs & mangroves in the caribbean: economic valuation methodology v3.0. 2009 South & Central America; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Belize; Caribbean Review Collaboration & Partnering; Cruise Ships; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Rodriguez-Lanetty, M., S. Harii, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2009. Early molecular responses of coral larvae to hyperthermal stress. Molecular Ecology 18:5101-5114. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Carr, L. M. and W. D. Heyman. 2009. Jamaica bound? Marine resources and management at a crossroads in Antigua and Barbuda. Geographical Journal 175:17-38. 2009 South & Central America; Jamaica; Antigua; Barbuda; Caribbean Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Cruz-Trinidad, A., R. C. Geronimo, and P. M. Alino. 2009. Development trajectories and impacts on coral reef use in Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:173-180. 2009 Philippines Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Luck, G. W., R. harrington, P. A. Harrison, C. Kremen, P. M. Berry, R. Bugter, T. P. Dawson, F. de Bello, S. Diaz, C. K. Feld, J. R. Haslett, D. Hering, A. Kontogianni, S. Lavorel, M. Rounsevell, M. J. Samways, L. Sandin, J. Settele, M. T. Sykes, S. van den Hove, M. Vanderwalle, and M. Zobel. 2009. Quantifying the contribution of organisms to the provision of ecosystem services. Bioscience 59:223-235. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Myers, M. R. and R. F. Ambrose. 2009. Differences in benthic cover inside and outside marine protected areas on the Great Barrier Reef: influence of protection or disturbance history? Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:736-747. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Haapkyla, J., A. S. Seymour, O. Barneah, I. Brickner, S. Hennige, D. Suggett, and D. Smith. 2009. Association of Waminoa sp. (Acoela) with corals in the Wakatobi Marine Park, South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. Marine Biology 156:1021-1027. 2009 Indonesia Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. Muthiga, J. Maina, A. T. Kamukuru, and S. A. S. Yahya. 2009. Changes in northern Tanzania coral reefs during a period of increased fisheries management and climatic disturbance. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:758-771. 2009 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Spillman, C. M. and O. Alves. 2009. Dynamical seasonal prediction of summer sea surface temperatures in the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 28:197-206. 2009 Global; Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Singh, S., W. G. L. Aalbersberg, and R. J. Morrison. 2009. Nutrient Pollution in Laucala Bay, Fiji Islands. Water Air And Soil Pollution 204:363-372. 2009 Fiji Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Bapary, M. A. J., P. Fainuulelei, and A. Takemura. 2009. Environmental control of gonadal development in the tropical damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea. Marine Biology Research 5:462-469. 2009 Index or Indicator Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Check, W. 2009. DNA sequencing grows virtuosic - And deep. Microbe 4:18-22. 2009 Biomedical Research Policies; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Williamson, D. H., G. P. Jones, and S. R. Thorrold. 2009. An experimental evaluation of transgenerational isotope labelling in a coral reef grouper. Marine Biology 156:2517-2525. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Knittweis, L., W. E. Kraemer, J. Timm, and M. Kochzius. 2009. Genetic structure of Heliofungia actiniformis (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) populations in the Indo-Malay Archipelago: Implications for live coral trade management efforts. Conservation Genetics 10:241-249. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Aquarium & Pet Trade; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Walker, S. P. W. and M. I. McCormick. 2009. Fish ears are sensitive to sex change. Biology Letters 5:73-76. 2009 Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management
Watts, M. E., I. R. Ball, R. S. Stewart, C. J. Klein, K. Wilson, C. Steinback, R. Lourival, L. Kircher, and H. P. Possingham. 2009. Marxan with Zones: Software for optimal conservation based land- and sea-use zoning. Environmental Modelling & Software 24:1513-1521. 2009 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Gledhill, D. K., R. Wanninkhof, and C. M. Eakin. 2009. Observing ocean acidification from space. Oceanography 22:48-59. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. J. Graham, S. K. Wilson, Y. Letourneur, and R. Fisher. 2009. Effects of fisheries closure size, age, and history of compliance on coral reef fish communities in the western Indian Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 396:99-109. 2009 Indian Ocean; India Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Roseman, E. F., J. S. Schaeffer, and P. J. Steen. 2009. Review of fish diversity in the Lake Huron basin. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 12:22-Nov. 2009 Review Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Remediation; Schools & Colleges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
de Voogd, N. J., L. E. Becking, and D. F. R. Cleary. 2009. Sponge community composition in the Derawan Islands, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 396:169-180. 2009 Java; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bell, J. D., E. Clua, C. A. Hair, R. Galzin, and P. J. Doherty. 2009. The Capture and Culture of Post-Larval Fish and Invertebrates for the Marine Ornamental Trade. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:223-240. 2009 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Plankton; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Orr, J. C., K. Caldeira, V. Fabry, J.-P. Gattuso, P. Haugan, P. Lehodey, S. Pantoja, H.-O. Portner, U. Riebesell, T. Trull, E. Urban, M. Hood, and W. Broadgate. 2009. Research priorities for understanding ocean acidification: summary from the Second Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World. Oceanography 22:182-189. 2009 Index or Indicator CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Morgan, O. A., D. M. Massey, and W. L. Huth. 2009. Diving demand for large ship artificial reefs. Marine Resource Economics 24:43-59. 2009 Model Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Large Ships; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Scarfe, B. E., T. R. Healy, and H. G. Rennie. 2009. Research-Based Surfing Literature for Coastal Management and the Science of Surfing-A Review. Journal of Coastal Research 25:539-557. 2009 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Curley, B. G. and M. R. Gillings. 2009. Population connectivity in the temperate damselfish Parma microlepis: Analyses of genetic structure across multiple spatial scales. Marine Biology 156:381-393. 2009 Australia Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Purser, A., M. Bergmann, T. Lundalv, J. Ontrup, and T. W. Nattkemper. 2009. Use of machine-learning algorithms for the automated detection of cold-water coral habitats: a pilot study. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:241-251. 2009 Norway GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sponges
Villa, F., M. Ceroni, K. Bagstad, G. Johnson, and S. Krivov. 2009. ARIES (ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services): a new tool for ecosystem services assessment, planning, and valuation. in Proceedings of the 11th Annual BIOECON Conference on Economic Instruments to Enhance the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity. Venice, Italy, September, 2000. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Singh, V. S., D. V. Sarwade, N. C. Mondal, M. V. Nanadakumar, and B. Singh. 2009. Evaluation of groundwater resources in a tiny Andrott Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 158:145-154. 2009 India Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hughes, A. O., J. M. Olley, J. C. Croke, and L. A. McKergow. 2009. Sediment source changes over the last 250 years in a dry-tropical catchment, central Queensland, Australia. Geomorphology 104:262-275. 2009 Australia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Mitigation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Silvano, R. A. M., M. Ramires, and J. Zuanon. 2009. Effects of fisheries management on fish communities in the floodplain lakes of a Brazilian Amazonian Reserve. Ecology Of Freshwater Fish 18:156-166. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Jones, G. P., G. R. Almany, G. R. Russ, P. F. Sale, R. S. Steneck, M. J. H. Van Oppen, and B. L. Willis. 2009. Larval retention and connectivity among populations of corals and reef fishes: History, advances and challenges. Coral Reefs 28:307-325. 2009 Model Marine Protected Areas
Jones, G. P., G. R. Russ, P. F. Sale, and R. S. Steneck. 2009. Theme section on "Larval connectivity, resilience and the future of coral reefs"". Coral Reefs 28:303-305. 2009 Complex Habitat & Resources
Parks, N. 2009. Is regulation on ocean acidification on the horizon? Environmental Science and Technology 6118-6119. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Levin, P. S., I. Kaplan, R. Grober-Dunsmore, P. M. Chittaro, S. Oyamada, K. Andrews, and M. Mangel. 2009. A framework for assessing the biodiversity and fishery aspects of marine reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:735-742. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Erbe, C. and A. R. King. 2009. Modeling cumulative sound exposure around marine seismic surveys. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125:2443-2451. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Molloy, P. P., I. B. McLean, and I. M. Cote. 2009. Effects of marine reserve age on fish populations: a global meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:743-751. 2009 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Cooley, S. R. and S. C. Doney. 2009. Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries. Environmental Research Letters 4:24007. 2009 Review; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Little, L. R., A. E. Punt, B. D. Mapstone, G. A. Begg, B. Goldman, and N. Ellis. 2009. Different responses to area closures and effort controls for sedentary and migratory harvested species in a multispecies coral reef linefishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:1931-1941. 2009 GIS & Maps Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Gerhardinger, L. C., M. Hostim-Silva, R. P. Medeiros, J. Matarezi, A. A. Bertoncini, M. O. Freitas, and B. P. Ferreira. 2009. Fishers' resource mapping and goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Serranidae) conservation in Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 7:93-102. 2009 Tonga GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Substrate
Coles, R., L. McKenzie, G. De'ath, A. Roelofs, and W. L. Long. 2009. Spatial distribution of deepwater seagrass in the inter-reef lagoon of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Marine Ecology Progress Series 392:57-68. 2009 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Point Source Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Di Franco, A., A. Marchini, P. Baiata, M. Milazzo, and R. Chemello. 2009. Developing a scuba trail vulnerability index (STVI): a case study from a Mediterranean MPA. Biodiversity and Conservation 18:1201-1217. 2009 Cuba Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Quicoy, A. R. and N. D. Briones. 2009. Beach Carrying Capacity Assessment of Coastal Ecotourism in Calatagan, Batangas, Phlippines. Journal Of Environmental Science And Management 12:11-26. 2009 Florida Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Csaszar, N. B. M., F. O. Seneca, and M. J. H. van Oppen. 2009. Variation in antioxidant gene expression in the scleractinian coral Acropora millepora under laboratory thermal stress. Marine Ecology Progress Series 392:93-102. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Bourne, D. G., M. Garren, T. M. Work, E. Rosenberg, G. W. Smith, and C. D. Harvell. 2009. Microbial disease and the coral holobiont. Trends in Microbiology 17:554-562. 2009 Global Review Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics
Caras, T. and Z. Pasternak. 2009. Long-term environmental impact of coral mining at the Wakatobi marine park, Indonesia. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:539-544. 2009 Indonesia Algae; Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Skeletal Coral; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Neves, E. and R. Johnsson. 2009. Taxonomic revision of the southwestern Atlantic Madracis and the description of Madracis fragilis n. sp (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae), a new coral species from Brazil. Scientia Marina 73:739-746. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Hampton-Smith, R. J. and D. J. Peet. 2009. From Polyps to People A HIghly Familiar Response to Hypoxia. Pages 19-29 in Peers, C., G. G. Haddad, and N. S. Chandel, editors. Hypoxia And Consequences From Molecule To Malady. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Ahmad, S. A. and N. Hanley. 2009. Willingness to pay for reducing crowding effect damages in Marine Parks in Malaysia. Singapore Economic Review 54:21-39. 2009 Malaysia; Oman Model Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Baron, J. S., L. Gunderson, C. D. Allen, E. Fleishman, D. McKenzie, L. A. Meyerson, J. Oropeza, and N. Stephenson. 2009. Options for National Parks and Reserves for Adapting to Climate Change. Environmental Management 44:1033-1042. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management
Keller, B. D., D. F. Gleason, E. McLeod, C. M. Woodley, S. Airame, B. D. Causey, A. M. Friedlander, R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. E. Johnson, S. L. Miller, and R. S. Steneck. 2009. Climate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas. Environmental Management 44:1069-1088. 2009 Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mooney, H., A. Larigauderie, M. Cesario, T. Elmquist, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, S. Lavorel, G. M. Mace, M. Palmer, R. Scholes, and T. Yahara. 2009. Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability 1:46-54. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Burke, J. S., W. J. Kenworthy, and L. L. Wood. 2009. Ontogenetic patterns of concentration indicate lagoon nurseries are essential to common grunts stocks in a Puerto Rican bay. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 81:533-543. 2009 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Bussotti, S. and P. Guidetti. 2009. Do Mediterranean fish assemblages associated with marine caves and rocky cliffs differ? Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 81:65-73. 2009 Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Truscan, D., T. Lundkvist, M. Alanen, K. Sandstrom, I. Porres, and J. Lilius. 2009. MDE for SoC design. Pages 49-64 in Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Kundzewicz, Z. W. and P. Doll. 2009. Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change? Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques 54:665-675. 2009 Global Climate; Drinking Water Supply; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level
Deng, W. F., G. J. Wei, X. H. Li, K. F. Yu, J. X. Zhao, W. D. Sun, and Y. Liu. 2009. Paleoprecipitation record from coral Sr/Ca and delta O-18 during the mid Holocene in the northern South China Sea. Holocene 19:811-821. 2009 China Model; Index or Indicator Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Salinity
Graham, N. A. J., S. K. Wilson, M. S. Pratchett, N. V. C. Polunin, and M. D. Spalding. 2009. Coral mortality versus structural collapse as drivers of corallivorous butterflyfish decline. Biodiversity and Conservation 12-Jan. 2009 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; Chagos Archipelago; India Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Mitigation; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Andersson, M. H., M. Berggren, D. Wilhelmsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2009. Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment. Helgoland Marine Research 63:249-260. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Tunicates
Albanez-Lucero, M. O. and F. Arreguin-Sanchez. 2009. Modelling the spatial distribution of red grouper (Epinephelus morio) at Campeche Bank, Mexico, with respect substrate. Ecological Modelling 220:2744-2750. 2009 South & Central America; Cuba; Mexico Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Substrate
UNCWI. 2009. Healthy Watersheds through Healthy Forests. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Collaboration & Partnering; Drinking Water Supply; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hall-Spencer, J. M., M. Tasker, M. Soffker, S. Christiansen, S. Rogers, M. Campbell, and K. Hoydal. 2009. Design of Marine Protected Areas on high seas and territorial waters of Rockall Bank. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:305-308. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Cinner, J., M. M. P. B. Fuentes, and H. Randriamahazo. 2009. Exploring Social Resilience in Madagascar's Marine Protected Areas. Ecology and Society 14:41. 2009 Madagascar Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Housing; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas
Johnson, C. R. 2009. Natural Length Scales of Ecological Systems: Applications at Community and Ecosystem Levels. Ecology and Society 14:7. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Bruckner, A. W. 2009. Rate and extent of decline in Corallium (pink and red coral) populations: existing data meet the requirements for a CITES Appendix II listing. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:319-332. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Fishing Sector; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Special Use Permitting
Vignon, M., P. Sasal, M. C. Rigby, and R. Galzin. 2009. Multiple parasite introduction and host management plan: case study of lutjanid fish in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 85:133-145. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Piscivorous Fish
Hourigan, T. F. 2009. Managing fishery impacts on deep-water coral ecosystems of the USA: emerging best practices. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:333-340. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Grandcourt, E. M., T. Z. Al Abdessalaam, F. Francis, A. T. Al Shamsi, and S. A. Hartmann. 2009. Reproductive biology and implications for management of the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides in the southern Arabian Gulf. Journal of Fish Biology 74:820-841. 2009 Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Penney, A. J., S. J. Parker, and J. H. Brown. 2009. Protection measures implemented by New Zealand for vulnerable marine ecosystems in the South Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:341-354. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Pacific Ocean Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Brock, R., E. English, E. Kenchington, and M. Tasker. 2009. The alphabet soup that protects cold-water corals in the North Atlantic. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:355-360. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Europe Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Commercial Fisheries; Marine Protected Areas; Molluscs
Perkol-Finkel, S. and Y. Benayahu. 2009. The role of differential survival patterns in shaping coral communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 369:7-Jan. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Hernandez, L., E. F. Balart, and H. Reyes-Bonilla. 2009. Checklist of reef decapod crustaceans (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the southern gulf of California, Mexico. Zootaxa 39-50. 2009 South & Central America; Cuba; Mexico Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Ternengo, S., C. Levron, D. Mouillot, and B. Marchand. 2009. Site influence in parasite distribution from fishes of the Bonifacio Strait Marine Reserve (Corsica Island, Mediterranean Sea). Parasitology Research 104:1279-1287. 2009 Index or Indicator Fish
Connell, A. D. 2009. The genus Anisomysis (Crustacea: Mysidae) from the east coast of South Africa - descriptions of three new species, and range extensions of two known species. African Natural History 5:17-30. 2009 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Madagascar; India; South Africa Marine Protected Areas
Barber, J. S., D. M. Chosid, R. P. Glenn, and K. A. Whitmore. 2009. A systematic model for artificial reef site selection. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:283-297. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mitigation; Substrate
Forcada, A., C. Valle, P. Bonhomme, G. Criquet, G. Cadiou, P. Lenfant, and J. L. Sanchez-Lizaso. 2009. Effects of habitat on spillover from marine protected areas to artisanal fisheries. Marine Ecology Progress Series 379:197-211. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Ceccherelli, G., S. Pinna, and N. Sechi. 2009. Evaluating the effects of protection on Paracentrotus lividus distribution in two contrasting habitats. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 81:59-64. 2009 Complex Habitat & Resources; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Cottin, A. G., D. L. Forbes, and B. F. Long. 2009. Shallow seabed mapping and classification using waveform analysis and bathymetry from SHOALS lidar data. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 35:422-434. 2009 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Leopold, M., A. Cakacaka, S. Meo, J. Sikolia, and D. Lecchini. 2009. Evaluation of the effectiveness of three underwater reef fish monitoring methods in Fiji. Biodiversity and Conservation 16-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Social Organizations
Shokri, M. R., W. Gladstone, and A. Kepert. 2009. Annelids, arthropods or molluscs are suitable as surrogate taxa for selecting conservation reserves in estuaries. Biodiversity and Conservation 18:1117-1130. 2009 Australia Arthropods; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Molluscs
Dodds, W. K., W. A. Bouska, J. L. Eitzmann, T. J. Pilger, K. L. Pitts, A. J. Riley, J. T. Schloesser, and D. J. Thornbrugh. 2009. Eutrophication of U.S. freshwaters: analysis of potential economic damages. Environmental Science and Technology 43:13-19. 2009 Drinking Water Supply; Fish; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Selkoe, K. A., B. S. Halpern, C. M. Ebert, E. C. Franklin, E. R. Selig, K. S. Casey, J. Bruno, and R. J. Toonen. 2009. A map of human impacts to a "pristine" coral reef ecosystem, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. Coral Reefs 16-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Climate; Finfish Harvest; Light; Marine Debris; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kragt, M. E., P. C. Roebeling, and A. Ruijs. 2009. Effects of Great Barrier Reef degradation on recreational reef-trip demand: A contingent behaviour approach. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 53:213-229. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Schobernd, C. M. and G. R. Sedberry. 2009. Shelf-edge and upper-slope reef fish assemblages in the south atlantic bight: Habitat characteristics, spatial variation, and reproductive behavior. Bulletin of Marine Science 84:67-92. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Rosales-Hoz, L., A. Carranza-Edwards, L. Sanvicente-Anorve, M. A. Alatorre-Mendieta, and F. Rivera-Ramirez. 2009. Distribution of Dissolved Trace Metals Around the Sacrificos Coral Reef Island, in the Southwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 83:713-719. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies
Gotz, A., S. E. Kerwath, C. G. Attwood, and W. H. H. Sauer. 2009. Effects of fishing on a temperate reef community in South Africa 1: ichthyofauna. African Journal of Marine Science 31:241-251. 2009 Oman; South Africa Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. 2009. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59:72-86. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gotz, A., S. E. Kerwath, C. G. Attwood, and W. H. H. Sauer. 2009. Effects of fishing on a temperate reef community in South Africa 2: benthic invertebrates and algae. African Journal of Marine Science 31:253-262. 2009 Oman; South Africa Algae; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
von der Heyden, S. 2009. Why do we need to integrate population genetics into South African marine protected area planning? African Journal of Marine Science 31:263-269. 2009 South Africa Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Rahman, M. A. and T. Oomori. 2009. In Vitro Regulation of CaCO3 Crystal Growth by the Highly Acidic Proteins of Calcitic Sclerites in Soft Coral, Sinularia Polydactyla. Connective Tissue Research 50:285-293. 2009 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Avila, E. and J. L. Carballo. 2009. A preliminary assessment of the invasiveness of the Indo-Pacific sponge Chalinula nematifera on coral communities from the tropical Eastern Pacific. Biological Invasions 11:257-264. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Sponges; Stony Coral
Cinner, J. E., T. R. McClanahan, N. A. J. Graham, M. S. Pratchett, S. K. Wilson, and J. B. Raina. 2009. Gear-based fisheries management as a potential adaptive response to climate change and coral mortality. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:724-732. 2009 Kenya; Papua New Guinea Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lane, M. B. and C. J. Robinson. 2009. Institutional complexity and environmental management: The challenge of integration and the promise of large-scale collaboration. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 16:16-24. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Juan-Jorda, M. J., J. A. Barth, M. E. Clarke, and W. W. Wakefield. 2009. Groundfish species associations with distinct oceanographic habitats in the Northern California Current. Fisheries Oceanography 18:1-19. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Peters, H. and J. P. Hawkins. 2009. Access to marine parks: A comparative study in willingness to pay. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:219-228. 2009 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Shearer, T. L., I. Porto, and A. L. Zubillaga. 2009. Restoration of coral populations in light of genetic diversity estimates. Coral Reefs 7-Jan. 2009 Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
McCook, L. J., G. R. Almany, M. L. Berumen, J. C. Day, A. L. Green, G. P. Jones, J. M. Leis, S. Planes, G. R. Russ, P. F. Sale, and S. R. Thorrold. 2009. Management under uncertainty: Guide-lines for incorporating connectivity into the protection of coral reefs. Coral Reefs 28:353-366. 2009 Global; Australia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines
Sheppard, C. 2009. Large temperature plunges recorded by data loggers at different depths on an Indian Ocean atoll: Comparison with satellite data and relevance to coral refuges. Coral Reefs 28:399-403. 2009 Indian Ocean; India Substrate
Walton, R. S. and H. M. Hunter. 2009. Isolating the water quality responses of multiple land uses from stream monitoring data through model calibration. Journal of Hydrology 378:29-45. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ringold, P., J. Boyd, D. Landers, and M. Weber. 2009. Report from the workshop on indicators of final ecosystem services for streams. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/600/R-09/137. 2009 Index or Indicator Surface & Groundwater Flow
Makowski, C., S. E. Prekel, M. J. Lybolt, and R. M. Baron. 2009. The Benthic Ecological Assessment for Marginal Reefs (BEAMR) method. Journal of Coastal Research 25:515-522. 2009 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Stony Coral
Elmhirst, T., S. R. Connolly, and T. P. Hughes. 2009. Connectivity, regime shifts and the resilience of coral reefs. Coral Reefs 28:949-957. 2009 Model Algae; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bay, L. K., K. E. Ulstrup, H. B. Nielsen, H. Jarmer, N. Goffard, B. L. Willis, D. J. Miller, and M. J. H. Van Oppen. 2009. Microarray analysis reveals transcriptional plasticity in the reef building coral Acropora millepora. Molecular Ecology 18:3062-3075. 2009 Lab Study Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Risk, M. J., B. E. Lapointe, O. A. Sherwood, and B. J. Bedford. 2009. The use of delta N-15 in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:793-802. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Bivalves; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment
Ikegami, T., E. Motohashi, H. Doi, A. Hattori, and H. Ando. 2009. Synchronized diurnal and circadian expressions of four subtypes of melatonin receptor genes in the diencephalon of a puffer fish with lunar-related spawning cycles. Neuroscience Letters 462:58-63. 2009 Fish; Special Use Permitting
Nicholson, E., G. M. Mace, P. R. Armsworth, G. Atkinson, S. Buckle, T. Clements, R. M. Ewers, J. E. Fa, T. A. Gardner, J. Gibbons, R. Grenyer, R. Metcalfe, S. Mourato, M. Muuls, D. Osborn, D. C. Reuman, C. Watson, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. 2009. Priority research areas for ecosystem services in a changing world. Journal of Applied Ecology 1-6. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chapman, D. D., E. A. Babcock, S. H. Gruber, J. D. Dibattista, B. R. Franks, S. A. Kessel, T. Guttridge, E. K. Pikitch, and K. A. Feldheim. 2009. Long-term natal site-fidelity by immature lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) at a subtropical island. Molecular Ecology 18:3500-3507. 2009 Bahamas Apex Fish Predators; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Puillandre, N., E. E. Strong, P. Bouchet, M. C. Boisselier, A. Couloux, and S. Samadi. 2009. Identifying gastropod spawn from DNA barcodes: possible but not yet practicable. Molecular Ecology Resources 9:1311-1321. 2009 New Caledonia; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Molluscs
Jennings, S. and R. W. Wilson. 2009. Fishing impacts on the marine inorganic carbon cycle. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:976-982. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Nowak, D., M. Florek, J. Nowak, W. Kwiatek, J. Lekki, P. Chevallier, A. Hacura, R. Wrzalik, B. Ben-Nissan, R. Van Grieken, and A. Kuczumow. 2009. Morphology and the chemical make-up of the inorganic components of black corals. Materials Science and Engineering C 29:1029-1038. 2009 GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
van Herwerden, L., W. J. Aspden, S. J. Newman, G. G. Pegg, L. Briskey, and W. Sinclair. 2009. A comparison of the population genetics of Lethrinus miniatus and Lutjanus sebae from the east and west coasts of Australia: Evidence for panmixia and isolation. Fisheries Research 100:148-155. 2009 Australia Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Calo, C. F. F., A. Schiavetti, and M. Cetra. 2009. Local ecological and taxonomic knowledge of snapper fish (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) held by fishermen in Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 7:403-414. 2009 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nguyen, H. Y. T., O. Pedersen, K. Ikejima, K. Sunada, and S. Oishi. 2009. Using reefcheck monitoring database to develop the coral reef index of biological integrity. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 4:90-102. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Small Boats; Stony Coral
Vosoghi, G. H., M. R. Fatemi, S. Jamili, A. R. Nikoyab, and M. Rabbaniba. 2009. The fluctuation of coralline fish larvae of Khark and Kharko (Persian Gulf). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 4:136-142. 2009 Iran; Oman Index or Indicator Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barbosa, C. F., M. D. Prazeres, B. P. Ferreira, and J. C. S. Seoane. 2009. Foraminiferal assemblage and reef check census in coral reef health monitoring of East Brazilian margin. Marine Micropaleontology 73:62-69. 2009 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Anderson, T. J., C. Syms, D. A. Roberts, and D. F. Howard. 2009. Multi-scale fish-habitat associations and the use of habitat surrogates to predict the organisation and abundance of deep-water fish assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 379:34-42. 2009 GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment
Bromage, E., L. Carpenter, S. Kaattari, and M. Patterson. 2009. Quantification of coral heat shock proteins from individual coral polyps. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376:123-132. 2009 Invasive Species; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting
Koldewey, H. J., J. Atkinson, and A. Debney. 2009. Threatened species on the menu? Towards sustainable seafood use in zoos and aquariums. International Zoo Yearbook 43:71-81. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Wetlands
Aurellado, M. E. B., V. V. Hilomen, P. M. Alino, and V. Lumbab. 2009. Movement of Reef Fishes Across Boundaries of Marine Protected Areas in Danjugan Island, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:66-76. 2009 Philippines Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Wainger, L. A. and J. W. Boyd. 2009. Valuing ecosystem services. Pages 92-111 in K. McLeod and H. Leslie, editors. Ecosystem-based management for the oceans. Island Press, Washington, DC. 2009 Valuation
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics
Meyer, C. G. and K. N. Holland. 2009. Spatial dynamics and substrate impacts of recreational snorkelers and SCUBA divers in Hawaiian Marine Protected Areas. Journal of Coastal Conservation 8-Jan. 2009 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba GIS & Maps Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions. 2009 Southeast Asia; Europe Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance
Das, S. 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2009 Global GIS & Maps Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Harrison, P. A. and the RUBICODE consortium. 2009. Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe: from threat to action. Pensoft. 2009 Europe Review; Index or Indicator Climate; Climate Regulation; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mitigation; Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Feld, C. K., R. M. da Silva, J. P. Sousa, F. de Bello, R. Bugter, U. Grandin, D. Hering, S. Lavorel, O. Mountford, I. Pardo, M. Partel, J. Rombke, L. Sandin, K. B. Jones, and P. Harrison. 2009. Indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem services: a synthesis across ecosystems and spatial scales. Oikos 118:1862-1871. 2009 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Paddack, M. J., J. D. Reynolds, C. Aguilar, R. S. Appeldoorn, J. Beets, E. W. Burkett, P. M. Chittaro, K. Clarke, R. Esteves, A. C. Fonseca, G. E. Forrester, A. M. Friedlander, J. Garcia-Sais, G. Gonzalez-Sanson, L. K.B. Jordan, D. B. McClellan, M. W. Miller, P. P. Molloy, P. J. Mumby, I. Nagelkerken, M. Nemeth, R. Navas-Camacho, J. Pitt, N. V.C. Polunin, M. C. Reyes-Nivia, D. R. Robertson, A. Rodriguez-Ramirez, E. Salas, S. R. Smith, R. E. Spieler, M. A. Steele, I. D. Williams, C. L. Wormald, A. R. Watkinson, and I. M. Cote. 2009. Recent region-wide declines in Caribbean Reef Fish Abundance. Current Biology 19:590-595. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Brand, F. 2009. Critical natural capital revisited: Ecological resilience and sustainable development. Ecological Economics 68:605-612. 2009 Valuation
Gilmour, J. P., L. D. Smith, and R. M. Brinkman. 2009. Biannual spawning, rapid larval development and evidence of self-seeding for scleractinian corals at an isolated system of reefs. Marine Biology 156:1297-1309. 2009 Australia Stony Coral
Guillemot, N., M. Leopold, M. Cuif, and P. Chabanet. 2009. Characterization and management of informal fisheries confronted with socio-economic changes in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Fisheries Research 98:51-61. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Yadav, S. P., D. N. Singh, A. K. Singh, and R. Prasad. 2009. Electrical resistivity imaging for the study of quartz reef using inverse slope method. Current Science 96:1521-1527. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Contamin, R. and A. M. Ellison. 2009. Indicators of regime shifts in ecological systems: What do we need to know and when do we need to know it? Ecological Applications 19:799-816. 2009 Model; Index or Indicator Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cox, S. and B. Searle. 2009. The State of Ecosystem Services. The Bridgespan Group. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Wetlands
Oxford Economics. 2009. Valuing the effects of Great Barrier Reef bleaching. 2009 Global; Australia Review Climate; CO2; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Pathogens; Primary Production; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
ten Voorde, M., J. S. A. do Carmo, and M. G. Neves. 2009. Designing a Preliminary Multifunctional Artificial Reef to Protect the Portuguese Coast. Journal of Coastal Research 25:69-79. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Luiz, O. J., A. P. Balboni, G. Kodja, M. Andrade, and H. Marum. 2009. Seasonal occurrences of Manta birostris (Chondrichthyes: Mobulidae) in southeastern Brazil. Ichthyological Research 56:96-99. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Pacific Ocean Marine Protected Areas; Plankton
Forst, M. F. 2009. The convergence of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and the ecosystems approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:294-306. 2009 South & Central America; Australia; Belize Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Raymundo, L. J., A. R. Halford, A. P. Maypa, and A. M. Kerr. 2009. Functionally diverse reef-fish communities ameliorate coral disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:17067-17070. 2009 Australia; Philippines Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Shulzitski, K., M. A. McCartney, and M. L. Burton. 2009. Population connectivity among Dry Tortugas, Florida, and Caribbean populations of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), inferred from multiple microsatellite loci. Fishery Bulletin 107:501-509. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Piscivorous Fish
Munday, P.L., J. M. Leis, J. M. Lough, C. B. Paris, M. J. Kingsford, M. L. Berumen, J. Lambrechts. 2009. Climate change and coral reef connectivity. Coral Reefs 23:379-395. 2009 Global Review; Model Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Sea Temperatures
Dikou, A., C. Ackerman, C. Banks, A. Dempsey, M. Fox, M. Gins, P. Hester, A. Parnes, S. Roach, J. Rohde, C. Spital, M. Tapleshay, and L. Thomas. 2009. Ecological assessment to detect imminent change in coral reefs of Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park, Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 30:425-436. 2009 South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae
Foster, G., B. K. Walker, and B. M. Riegl. 2009. Interpretation of Single-Beam Acoustic Backscatter Using Lidar-Derived Topographic Complexity and Benthic Habitat Classifications in a Coral Reef Environment. Journal of Coastal Research 25:16-26. 2009 Florida GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Hicks, C. C., T. R. McClanahan, J. E. Cinner, and J. M. Hills. 2009. Trade-offs in values assigned to ecological goods and services associated with different coral reef management strategies. Ecology and Society 14:10-27. 2009 Global; Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Bo, M., M. Barucca, M. A. Biscotti, A. Canapa, H. F. N. Lapian, E. Olmo, and G. Bavestrello. 2009. Description of Pseudocirrhipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipathidae), a new genus of whip black corals from the Indo-Pacific. Italian Journal of Zoology 76:392-402. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Marine Protected Areas
Diesing, M., R. Coggan, and K. Vanstaen. 2009. Widespread rocky reef occurrence in the central English Channel and the implications for predictive habitat mapping. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 83:647-658. 2009 Europe; United Kingdom Model; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. 2009. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:976-986. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Yost, D. M. and C. L. Mitchelmore. 2009. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) lyase activity in different strains of the symbiotic alga Symbiodinium microadriaticum. Marine Ecology Progress Series 386:61-70. 2009 Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting
Reopanichkul, P., T. A. Schlacher, R. W. Carter, and S. Worachananant. 2009. Sewage impacts coral reefs at multiple levels of ecological organization. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1356-1362. 2009 Global; Thailand Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Raventos, N., B. Ferrari, and S. Planes. 2009. Differences in population parameters and behaviour of the herbivorous fish Sarpa salpa between protected and unprotected seagrass meadows in the north-western Mediterranean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89:1153-1159. 2009 Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Gutierrez-Rodriguez, C., M. S. Barbeitos, J. A. Sanchez, and H. R. Lasker. 2009. Phylogeography and morphological variation of the branching octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50:1-15. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Caribbean Octocoral
Shipp, R. L. and S. A. Bortone. 2009. A prospective of the importance of artificial habitat on the management of red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:41-47. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Wielgusa, J., L. R. Gerbera, E. Salab, and J. Bennett. 2009. Including risk in stated-preference economic valuations: experiments on choices for marine recreation. Journal of Environmental Management 90:3401-3409. 2009 Global Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Sunagawa, S., E. C. Wilson, M. Thaler, M. L. Smith, C. Caruso, J. R. Pringle, V. M. Weis, M. Medina, and J. A. Schwarz. 2009. Generation and analysis of transcriptomic resources for a model system on the rise: the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida and its dinoflagellate endosymbiont. BMC Genomics 10:258. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Rhyne, A., R. Rotjan, A. Bruckner, and M. Tlusty. 2009. Crawling to Collapse: Ecologically Unsound Ornamental Invertebrate Fisheries. PLoS One 4:e8413. 2009 Florida Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Monetary Valuation
Risk, M.J., B.E. Lapointe, O.A. Sherwood, B.J. Bedford. 2009. The use of d15N in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:793-802. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Bivalves; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment
Cowen, R. K. and S. Sponaugle. 2009. Larval Dispersal and Marine Population Connectivity. Annual Review of Marine Science 1:443-466. 2009 Model Special Use Permitting
Binimelis, R., I. Monterroso, and B. Rodriguez-Labajos. 2009. Catalan agriculture and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) � An application of DPSIR model. Ecological Economics 69:55-62. 2009 Europe; Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture
Nielsen, S. N. and F. Muller. 2009. Understanding the functional principles of nature- proposing another type of ecosystem services. Ecological Modelling 220:1913-1925. 2009 Index or Indicator
Ellison, J. C. 2009. Wetlands of the pacific island region. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:169-206. 2009 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Niue; Samoa; Tuvalu; Marshall Islands; Kiribati; Cook Islands; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands Review; Field Study & Monitoring Landuse Management; Mangroves; Mining Policies; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Bonkosky, M., E. A. Hernandez-Delgado, B. Sandoz, I. E. Robledo, J. Norat-Ramirez, and H. Mattei. 2009. Detection of spatial fluctuations of non-point source fecal pollution in coral reef surrounding waters in southwestern Puerto Rico using PCR-based assays. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:45-54. 2009 Puerto Rico Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Steinke, D., T. S. Zemlak, and P. D. N. Hebert. 2009. Barcoding Nemo: DNA-Based Identifications for the Ornamental Fish Trade. PLoS One 4:e6300. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Special Use Permitting
Krediet, C. J., K. B. Ritchie, and M. Teplitski. 2009. Catabolite regulation of enzymatic activities in a white pox pathogen and commensal bacteria during growth on mucus polymers from the coral Acropora palmata. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 87:57-66. 2009 Cuba Microorganisms; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Substrate
Brandt, M. E. and J. W. McManus. 2009. Dynamics and impact of the coral disease white plague: insights from a simulation model. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 87:117-133. 2009 Cayman Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens
Brewer, T. D., J. E. Cinner, A. Green, and J. M. Pandolfi. 2009. Thresholds and multiple scale interaction of environment, resource use, and market proximity on reef fishery resources in the Solomon Islands. Biological Conservation 142:1797-1807. 2009 Solomon Islands Index or Indicator Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Maynard, J. A., J. E. Johnson, P. A. Marshall, C. M. Eakin, G. Goby, H. Schuttenberg, and C. M. Spillman. 2009. A Strategic Framework for Responding to Coral Bleaching Events in a Changing Climate. Environmental Management 11-Jan. 2009 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Sea Temperatures
Blumenthal, J. M., T. J. Austin, J. B. Bothwell, A. C. Broderick, G. Ebanks-Petrie, J. R. Olynik, M. F. Orr, J. L. Solomon, M. J. Witt, and B. J. Godley. 2009. Diving behavior and movements of juvenile hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata on a Caribbean coral reef. Coral Reefs 28:55-65. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Cayman Islands; Caribbean Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Sea Turtles
Lefevre, J.-M. 2009. High swell warnings in the Caribbean Islands during March 2008. Natural Hazards 49:361-370. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Model
Chartrand, K. M. and M. J. Durako. 2009. Distribution and photobiology of siderastrea radians and thalassia testudinum in florida bay, florida, USA. Bulletin of Marine Science 84:153-166. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Index or Indicator Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Fancy, S. G., J. E. Gross, and S. L. Carter. 2009. Monitoring the condition of natural resources in US national parks. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 151:161-174. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Fore, L. S., J. R. Karr, W. S. Fisher, P. Bradley, and W. S. Davis. 2009. Heeding a call to action for US coral reefs: the untapped potential of the Clean Water Act. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1421-1423. 2009
Kuldna, P., K. Peterson, H. Poltimae, and Jaan Luig. 2009. An application of DPSIR framework to identify issues of pollinator loss. Ecological Economics 69:32-42. 2009 Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies
Maxim, L., J. H. Spangenberg, and M. O'Connor. 2009. An analysis of risks for biodiversity under the DPSIR framework. Ecological Economics 69:12-23. 2009 Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Maxim, L. and J. H. Spangenberg. 2009. Driving forces of chemical risks for the European biodiversity. Ecological Economics 69:43-54. 2009 Europe Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Special Use Permitting
Omann, I., A. Stocker, and J. Jager. 2009. Climate change as a threat to biodiversity: an application of the DPSIR approach. Ecological Economics 69:24-31. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Primary Production; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rodriguez-Labajos, B., R. Binimelis, and I. Monterroso. 2009. Multi-level driving forces of biological invasions. Ecological Economics 69:63-75. 2009 Review; Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Spangenberg, J. H., J. Martinez-Alier, I. Omann, I. Monterroso, and R. Binimelis. 2009. The DPSIR scheme for analysing biodiversity loss and developing preservation strategies. Ecological Economics 69:9-11. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Fontes, J., J. E. Caselle, P. Afonso, and R. S. Santos. 2009. Multi-scale recruitment patterns and effects on local population size of a temperate reef fish. Journal of Fish Biology 75:1271-1286. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fish; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Fernandez, T. V., G. D'Anna, F. Badalamenti, and A. Perez-Ruzafa. 2009. Effect of simulated macroalgae on the fish assemblage associated with a temperate reef system. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 376:7-16. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Barr, R. F. and S. Mourato. 2009. Investigating the potential for marine resource protection through environmental service markets: An exploratory study from La Paz, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:568-577. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Karras, C. and J. J. Agar. 2009. Cruzan fishers' perspectives on the performance of the Buck Island Reef National Monument and the red hind seasonal closure. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:578-585. 2009 US Virgin Islands Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Snails & Conch; Waste Management
Muthiga, N. A. 2009. Evaluating the effectiveness of management of the Malindi-Watamu marine protected area complex in Kenya. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:417-423. 2009 Kenya; Tanzania; Seychelles Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Fernandes, L., J. Day, B. Kerrigan, D. Breen, G. De'ath, B. Mapstone, R. Coles, T. Done, H. Marsh, I. Poiner, T. Ward, D. Williams, and R. Kenchington. 2009. A process to design a network of marine no-take areas: Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:439-447. 2009 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
McLeod, E., R. Salm, A. Green, and J. Almany. 2009. Designing marine protected area networks to address the impacts of climate change. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:362-370. 2009 Biocriteria; Climate; Marine Protected Areas
Hoffmann, F., R. Radax, D. Woebken, M. Holtappels, G. Lavik, H. T. Rapp, M. L. Schlappy, C. Schleper, and M. M. M. Kuypers. 2009. Complex nitrogen cycling in the sponge Geodia barretti. Environmental Microbiology 11:2228-2243. 2009 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment; Sponges
Nelson, E., G. Mendoza, J. Regetz, S. Polasky, H. Tallis, D. R. Cameron, K. M. A. Chan, G. C. Daily, J. Goldstein, P. M. Kareiva, E. Lonsdorf, R. Naidoo, T. H. Ricketts, and M. R. Shaw. 2009. Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:4-11. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Carbon Storage & Cycling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Resource Use Management; Valuation
Wasmund, K., D. I. Kurtboke, K. A. Burns, and D. G. Bourne. 2009. Microbial diversity in sediments associated with a shallow methane seep in the tropical Timor Sea of Australia reveals a novel aerobic methanotroph diversity. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 68:142-151. 2009 Australia Microorganisms; Sediment
Harter, S. L., M. M. Ribera, A. N. Shepard, and J. K. Reed. 2009. Assessment of fish populations and habitat on Oculina bank, a deep-sea coral marine protected area off eastern Florida. Fishery Bulletin 107:195-206. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Turchin, P. 2009. Long-term population cycles in human societies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1162:1-17. 2009 Global Review Special Use Permitting
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2009. Federal Member Coral Profiles. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. 2009 Agriculture; Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering
Karfs, R. A., B. N. Abbott, P. F. Scarth, and J. F. Wallace. 2009. Land condition monitoring information for reef catchments: a new era. Rangeland Journal 31:69-86. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management
Sanchez, F., A. Serrano, and M. G. Ballesteros. 2009. Photogrammetric quantitative study of habitat and benthic communities of deep Cantabrian Sea hard grounds. Continental Shelf Research 29:1174-1188. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cruz-Trinidad, A., R. C. Geronimo, and P. M. Alino. 2009. Development trajectories and impacts on coral reef use in Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:173-180. 2009 Philippines Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Draut, A. E., M. H. Bothner, M. E. Field, R. L. Reynolds, S. A. Cochran, J. B. Logan, C. D. Storlazzi, and C. J. Berg. 2009. Supply and dispersal of flood sediment from a steep, tropical watershed: Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121:574-585. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Botsford, L. W., J. W. White, A. Coffroth M.-, C. B. Paris, S. Planes, T. L. Shearer, S. R. Thorrold, and G. P. Jones. 2009. Connectivity and resilience of coral reef metapopulations in marine protected areas: matching empirical efforts to predictive needs. Coral Reefs 11-Jan. 2009 Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Santos, R. S., S. Christiansen, B. Christiansen, and S. Gubbay. 2009. Toward the conservation and management of Sedlo Seamount: A case study. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56:2720-2730. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Modelling effects of geoengineering options in response to climate change and global warming: Implications for coral reefs. Computational Biology and Chemistry 33:415-420. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review; Model Climate; CO2; Light; Mitigation; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Almany, G. R., S. R. Connolly, D. D. Heath, J. D. Hogan, G. P. Jones, L. J. McCook, M. Mills, R. L. Pressey, and D. H. Williamson. 2009. Connectivity, biodiversity conservation and the design of marine reserve networks for coral reefs. Coral Reefs 13-Jan. 2009 Australia Climate; Marine Protected Areas
Notarbartolo-Di-Sciara, G., M. H. Hanafy, M. M. Fouda, A. Afifi, and M. Costa. 2009. Spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) resting habitat in Samadai Reef (Egypt, Red Sea) protected through tourism management. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89:211-216. 2009 Egypt; United Kingdom Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Cinner, J. E., T. R. McClanahan, T. M. Daw, N. A. J. Graham, J. Maina, S. K. Wilson, and T. P. Hughes. 2009. Linking Social and Ecological Systems to Sustain Coral Reef Fisheries. Current Biology 19:206-212. 2009 Indian Ocean; India Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector
Gachon, C. M. M., M. Strittmatter, D. G. Muller, J. Kleinteich, and F. C. Kupper. 2009. Detection of Differential Host Susceptibility to the Marine Oomycete Pathogen Eurychasma dicksonii by Real-Time PCR: Not All Algae Are Equal. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75:322-328. 2009 South & Central America; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens
von Winterfeldt, D. and B. Fasolo. 2009. Structuring decision problems: A case study and reflections for practitioners. European Journal of Operational Research 199:857-866. 2009 Review; Model Natural Gas & Electric Power
Wooldridge, S. A. and T. J. Done. 2009. Improved water quality can ameliorate effects of climate change on corals. Ecological Applications 19:1492-1499. 2009 Global; Australia Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures
Roebeling, P. C., E. M. T. Hendrix, and M. E. van Grieken. 2009. Exploring industry specific social welfare maximizing rates of water pollution abatement in linked terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Journal of Coastal Research 1681-1685. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Chatterjea, S. and P. Havinga. 2009. Improving Temporal Coverage of an Energy-Efficient Data Extraction Algorithm for Environmental Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors 9:4941-4954. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Lester, S. E., B. S. Halpern, K. Grorud-Colvert, J. Lubchenco, B. I. Ruttenberg, S. D. Gaines, S. Airame, and R. R. Warner. 2009. Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:33-46. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
Stobart, B., R. Warwick, C. Gonzalez, S. Mallol, D. Diaz, O. Renones, and R. Goni. 2009. Long-term and spillover effects of a marine protected area on an exploited fish community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:47-60. 2009 Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Moses, C. S., S. Andrefouet, C. J. Kranenburg, and F. E. Muller-Karger. 2009. Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity Using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:103-115. 2009 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2009. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 19-Jan. 2009 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Duffy, J. E. 2009. Why biodiversity is important to the functioning of real-world ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:437-444. 2009
Page, C. A., D. M. Baker, C. D. Harvell, Y. Golbuu, L. Raymundo, S. J. Neale, K. B. Rosell, K. L. Rypien, J. P. Andras, and B. L. Willis. 2009. Influence of marine reserves on coral disease prevalence. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 87:135-150. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau Climate; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens
Green, B. S. and C. Gardner. 2009. Surviving a sea-change: survival of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) translocated to a site of fast growth. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:656-664. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Viehman, S., S. M. Thur, and G. A. Piniak. 2009. Coral reef metrics and habitat equivalency analysis. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:181-188. 2009 Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills
Gotanda, K. M., K. Turgeon, and D. L. Kramer. 2009. Body size and reserve protection affect flight initiation distance in parrotfishes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 10-Jan. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Sutton, S. G. and R. C. Tobin. 2009. Recreational fishers' attitudes towards the 2004 rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Environmental Conservation 36:245-252. 2009 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Ojeda-Martinez, C., F. G. Casalduero, J. T. Bayle-Sempere, C. B. Cebrian, C. Valle, J. L. Sanchez-Lizaso, A. Forcada, P. Sanchez-Jerez, P. Martin-Sosa, J. M. Falcon, F. Salas, M. Graziano, R. Chemello, B. Stobart, P. Cartagena, A. Perez-Ruzafa, F. Vandeperre, E. Rochel, S. Planes, and A. Brito. 2009. A conceptual framework for the integral management of marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:89-101. 2009 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sattar, J., P. Giguere, and G. Dudek. 2009. Sensor-based behavior control for an autonomous underwater vehicle. International Journal of Robotics Research 28:701-713. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral reefs: threats and conservation in an era of global change. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1162:136-186. 2009 Global; Florida Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Ling, S. D., C. R. Johnson, S. D. Frusher, and K. R. Ridgway. 2009. Overfishing reduces resilience of kelp beds to climate-driven catastrophic phase shift. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:22341-22345. 2009 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Godet, L., J. Fournier, N. Toupoint, and F. Olivier. 2009. Mapping and monitoring intertidal benthic habitats: a review of techniques and a proposal for a new visual methodology for the European coasts. Progress in Physical Geography 33:378-402. 2009 Global; Europe Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Palmer, C. V., C. K. Modi, and L. D. Mydlarz. 2009. Coral Fluorescent Proteins as Antioxidants. PLoS One 4:e7298. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Cudney-Bueno, R., M.F. Lavin, S.G. Marinone, P.T. Raimondi, W.W. Shaw. 2009. Rapid Effects of Marine Reserves via Larval Dispersal. PLoS One 4:e4140. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Surface & Groundwater Flow
2009. Federal Expenditures for U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Conservation Activities (2002-2004). Appendix A, NOAA. 2009 Global Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Luo, J., J. E. Serafy, S. Sponaugle, P. B. Teare, and D. Kieckbusch. 2009. Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:255-269. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Bainbridge, Z. T., J. E. Brodie, J. W. Faithful, D. A. Sydes, and S. E. Lewis. 2009. Identifying the land-based sources of suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides discharged to the Great Barrier Reef from the Tully-Murray Basin, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1081-1090. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Armour, J. D., L. R. Hateley, and G. L. Pitt. 2009. Catchment modelling of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loads with SedNet/ANNEX in the Tully-Murray basin. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1091-1096. 2009 Australia Model Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sediment
Hoehn, S. and B. Thapa. 2009. Attitudes and perceptions of indigenous fishermen towards marine resource management in Kuna Yala, Panama. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 16:427-437. 2009 Panama Index or Indicator Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management
Ramos, C. A. C., F. D. Amaral, R. K. P. de Kikuchi, E. M. Chaves, and G. R. de Melo. 2009. Quantification of reef benthos communities and variability inherent to the monitoring using video transect method. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 7-Jan. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Guinan, J., A. J. Grehan, M. F. J. Dolan, and C. Brown. 2009. Quantifying relationships between video observations of cold-water coral cover and seafloor features in rockall trough, west of Ireland. Marine Ecology Progress Series 375:125-138. 2009 Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Costa, C., M. Scardi, V. Vitalini, and S. Cataudella. 2009. A dual camera system for counting and sizing Northern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus; Linnaeus, 1758) stock, during transfer to aquaculture cages, with a semi automatic Artificial Neural Network tool. Aquaculture 291:161-167. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Pedersen, S. A., H. Fock, J. Krause, C. Pusch, A. L. Sell, U. Bottcher, S. I. Rogers, M. Skold, H. Skov, M. Podolska, G. J. Piet, and J. C. Rice. 2009. Natura 2000 sites and fisheries in German offshore waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:155-169. 2009 Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Preuss, B., D. Pelletier, L. Wantiez, Y. Letourneur, S. Sarramegna, M. Kulbicki, R. Galzin, and J. Ferraris. 2009. Considering multiple-species attributes to understand better the effects of successive changes in protection status on a coral reef fish assemblage. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:170-179. 2009 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Plummer, M. L. 2009. Assessing benefit transfer for the valuation of ecosystem services. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:38-45. 2009 Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Butardo-Toribio, M. Z., P. M. Alino, and E. S. Guiang. 2009. Cost-Benefit Study of Marine Protected Areas: Implications on Financing and Institutional Needs. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:153-169. 2009 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Social Organizations
O'Garra, T. 2009. Bequest Values for Marine Resources: How Important for Indigenous Communities in Less-Developed Economies? Pages 24-Jan Environmental and Resource Economics. 2009 Fiji Finfish Harvest; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Textiles & Apparel; Valuation
Terry, J. P. and K. Khatri. 2009. People, pigs and pollution - Experiences with applying participatory learning and action (PLA) methodology to identify problems of pig-waste management at the village level in Fiji. Journal of Cleaner Production 17:1393-1400. 2009 Fiji Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Yooyongwech, S., S. Sugaya, Y. Sekozawa, and H. Gemma. 2009. Differential adaptation of high- and low-chill dormant peaches in winter through aquaporin gene expression and soluble sugar content. Plant Cell Reports 28:1709-1715. 2009 Special Use Permitting
De Mitcheson, Y. S., A. Cornish, M. Domeier, P. L. Colin, M. Russell, and K. C. Lindeman. 2008. A global baseline for spawning aggregations of reef fishes. Conservation Biology 22:1233-1244. 2008 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Piscivorous Fish
Li, Y.-C., H. Huang, Z.-J. Dong, J.-S. Lian, and G.-W. Zhou. 2008. Headway of study on coral reefs ecological restoration. Shengtai Xuebao/ Acta Ecologica Sinica 28:5047-5054. 2008 Global; China Artificial Habitat; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Barbour, M. T., N. L. Poff, R. H. Norris, and J. D. Allan. 2008. Perspective: communicating our science to influence public policy. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27:562-569. 2008 Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Scientific Research
Kellner, J. B., R. M. Nisbet, and S. D. Gaines. 2008. Spillover from marine reserves related to mechanisms of population regulation. Theoretical Ecology 1:117-127. 2008 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Granek, E. F., E. M. P. Madin, M. A. Brown, W. Figueira, D. S. Cameron, Z. Hogan, G. Kristianson, P. De Villiers, J. E. Williams, J. Post, S. Zahn, and R. Arlinghaus. 2008. Engaging recreational fishers in management and conservation: Global case studies. Conservation Biology 22:1125-1134. 2008 Global; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Grech, A. and H. Marsh. 2008. Rapid assessment of risks to a mobile marine mammal in an ecosystem-scale marine protected area. Conservation Biology 22:711-720. 2008 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Whales & Dolphins
Santos, L. N., F. G. Araujo, and D. S. Brotto. 2008. Artificial structures as tools for fish habitat rehabilitation in a neotropical reservoir. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:896-908. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species
Restrepo, J. D. 2008. Applicability of LOICZ catchment-coast continuum in a major Caribbean basin: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:214-229. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Treml, E. A., P. N. Halpin, D. L. Urban, and L. F. Pratson. 2008. Modeling population connectivity by ocean currents, a graph-theoretic approach for marine conservation. Landscape Ecology 23:19-36. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Model Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Selkoe, K. A., B. S. Halpern, and R. J. Toonen. 2008. Evaluating anthropogenic threats to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1149-1165. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Temperatures
Keegan, W. F., S. M. Fitzpatrick, K. S. Sealey, M. J. LeFebvre, and P. T. Sinelli. 2008. The role of small islands in marine subsistence strategies: Case studies from the caribbean. Human Ecology 36:635-654. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Columbia; Caribbean Cultural Policies
Stevely, J. and D. Sweat. 2008. Exploring the potential and protecting the resources: Florida's marine sponges. Sea Grant, Gainesville, FL. 2008 Florida Commercial Fisheries; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Sponges
White, I., T. Falkland, T. Metutera, M. Katatia, T. Abete-Reema, M. Overmars, P. Perez, and A. Dray. 2008. Safe water for people in low, small Island Pacific Nations: The rural-urban dilemma. Development 51:282-287. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Water
Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, C. V. Kappel, C. P. Dahlgren, F. Micheli, K. E. Holmes, J. N. Sanchirico, K. Broad, I. A. Elliott, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2008. Reserve effects and natural variation in coral reef communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:1010-1018. 2008 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Wabnitz, C. C., S. Andrefouet, D. Torres-Pulliza, F. E. Muller-Karger, and P. A. Kramer. 2008. Regional-scale seagrass habitat mapping in the Wider Caribbean region using Landsat sensors: Applications to conservation and ecology. Remote Sensing of Environment 112:3455-3467. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Roberts, J. M., L.-A. Henry, D. Long, and J. P. Hartley. 2008. Cold-water coral reef frameworks, megafaunal communities and evidence for coral carbonate mounds on the Hatton Bank, north east Atlantic. Facies 54:297-316. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Skeletal Coral
Daley, B. and P. Griggs. 2008. 'Loved to death': Coral collecting in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 1770-1970. Environment and History 14:89-119. 2008 Australia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Scientific Research; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Tourism & Recreation
Goffredo, S. and H. R. Lasker. 2008. An adaptive management approach to an octocoral fishery based on the Beverton-Holt model. Coral Reefs 27:751-761. 2008 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Maynard, J. A., P. J. Turner, K. R. N. Anthony, A. H. Baird, R. Berkelmans, C. M. Eakin, J. Johnson, P. A. Marshall, G. R. Packer, A. Rea, and B. L. Willis. 2008. ReefTemp: An interactive monitoring system for coral bleaching using high-resolution SST and improved stress predictors. Geophysical Research Letters 35. 2008 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Sea Temperatures
Godet, L., N. Toupoint, F. Olivier, J. Fournier, and C. Retiere. 2008. Considering the functional value of common marine species as a conservation stake: The case of sandmason worm Lanice conchilega (Pallas 1766) (Annelida, Polychaeta) beds. Ambio 37:347-355. 2008 Europe; France Marine Worms; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. 2008 Puerto Rico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Scott, A. and P. L. Harrison. 2008. Larval settlement and juvenile development of sea anemones that provide habitat for anemonefish. Marine Biology 154:833-839. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Wulff, J. L. 2008. Collaboration among sponge species increases sponge diversity and abundance in a seagrass meadow. Marine Ecology 29:193-204. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Collaboration & Partnering; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges
Palmer, C. V., L. D. Mydlarz, and B. L. Willis. 2008. Evidence of an inflammatory-like response in non-normally pigmented tissues of two scleractinian corals. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275:2687-2693. 2008 Climate; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R., C. C. Hicks, and E. S. Darling. 2008. Malthusian overfishing and efforts to overcome it on Kenyan coral reefs. Ecological Applications 18:1516-1529. 2008 Kenya Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kendall, M. S., L. J. Bauer, and C. F. G. Jeffrey. 2008. Influence of benthic features and fishing pressure on size and distribution of three exploited reef fishes from the southeastern United States. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:1134-1146. 2008 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Williams, A. J., L. M. Currey, G. A. Begg, C. D. Murchie, and A. C. Ballagh. 2008. Population biology of coral trout species in eastern Torres Strait: Implications for fishery management. Continental Shelf Research 28:2129-2142. 2008 Australia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
MacNeil, M. A., N. A. J. Graham, M. J. Conroy, C. J. Fonnesbeck, N. V. C. Polunin, S. P. Rushton, P. Chabanet, and T. R. McClanahan. 2008. Detection heterogeneity in underwater visual-census data. Journal of Fish Biology 73:1748-1763. 2008 Kenya Model Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Gaino, E. and F. Scoccia. 2008. Female gametes of the black coral Cirrhipathes cfr. anguina (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) from the Indonesian Marine Park of Bunaken. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 51:119-126. 2008 Indonesia Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients
Shen, J. W. and Y. Wang. 2008. Modern microbialites and their environmental significance, Meiji reef atoll, Nansha (Spratly) Islands, South China Sea. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 51:608-617. 2008 China Construction Codes & Projects; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sediment; Stony Coral
2008. DRAFT PROPOSED REVISIONS TO: U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS. Chapter 7. Water Pollution Control, Subchapter 186. Water Quality Standards for Waters of the Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands. 2008 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator Biocriteria; Designated Uses; Discharges; Irrigation; Mangroves; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Freire, K. M. F., V. Christensen, and D. Pauly. 2008. Description of the East Brazil Large Marine Ecosystem using a trophic model. Scientia Marina 72:477-491. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Thangaradjou, T., R. Sridhar, S. Senthilkumar, and S. Kannan. 2008. Seagrass resource assessment in the Mandapam coast of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 6:139-146. 2008 India Remote Sensing Seagrasses
Reimao, J. Q., A. E. Migotto, M. H. Kossuga, R. G. S. Berlinck, and A. G. Tempone. 2008. Antiprotozoan activity of Brazilian marine cnidarian extracts and of a modified steroid from the octocoral Carijoa riisei. Parasitology Research 103:1445-1450. 2008 Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Lo Lacono, C., E. Gracia, and J. J. Danobeitia. 2008. Acoustic detection of deep coral mounds. Sea Technology 49:35-38. 2008 GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Substrate
Drew, C. A. and D. B. Eggleston. 2008. Juvenile fish densities in Florida Keys mangroves correlate with landscape characteristics. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362:233-243. 2008 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Sanderson, W. G., R. H. F. Holt, L. Kay, K. Ramsay, J. Perrins, A. J. Mcmath, and E. I. S. Rees. 2008. Small-scale variation within a Modiolus modiolus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) reef in the Irish Sea. II. Epifauna recorded by divers and cameras. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:143-149. 2008 United Kingdom Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Sediment
Scinto, A., G. Bavestrello, M. Boyer, M. Previati, and C. Cerrano. 2008. Gorgonian mortality related to a massive attack by caprellids in the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:723-727. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; United Kingdom Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral
Baums, I. B. 2008. A restoration genetics guide for coral reef conservation. Molecular Ecology 17:2796-2811. 2008 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Strusinska, A. and H. Oumeraci. 2008. Geotextile reef as a coastal protection against tsunami. Pages 742-747 in Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference GEDMAR08. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Irion, J. B., D. Ball, and C. E. Horrell. 2008. The US government's role in deepwater archaeology: The deep gulf Wrecks project. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 12:75-81. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Richier, S., M. Rodriguez-Lanetty, C. E. Schnitzler, and V. M. Weis. 2008. Response of the symbiotic cnidarian Anthopleura elegantissima transcriptome to temperature and UV increase. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 3:283-289. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Eggleston, D. B., D. M. Parsons, G. T. Kellison, G. R. Plaia, and E. G. Johnson. 2008. Functional response of sport divers to lobsters with application to fisheries management. Ecological Applications 18:258-272. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; Cuba; Caribbean Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Day, J. 2008. The need and practice of monitoring, evaluating and adapting marine planning and management-lessons from the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Policy 32:823-831. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas
Douvere, F. 2008. The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management. Marine Policy 32:762-771. 2008 Australia; Europe Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Vicente, M., M. Falcao, M. N. Santos, M. Caetano, D. Serpa, C. Vale, and C. Monteiro. 2008. Environmental assessment of two artificial reef systems off southern Portugal (Faro and Olhão): A question of location. Continental Shelf Research 28:839-847. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment
Pelletier, D., J. Claudet, J. Ferraris, L. Benedetti-Cecchi, and J. Antonio Garc�a-Charton. 2008. Models and indicators for assessing conservation and fisheries-related effects of marine protected areas. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65:765-779. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Kuhl, M. and L. Polerecky. 2008. Functional and structural imaging of phototrophic microbial communities and symbioses. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 53:99-118. 2008 GIS & Maps CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Primary Production; Sediment
GARRISON, V. and G. WARD. 2008. Storm-generated coral fragments - A viable source of transplants for reef rehabilitation. Biological Conservation 141:3089-3100. 2008 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Bellquist, L. F., C. G. Lowe, and J. E. Caselle. 2008. Fine-scale movement patterns, site fidelity, and habitat selection of ocean whitefish (Caulolatilus princeps). Fisheries Research 91:325-335. 2008 GIS & Maps Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hajkowicz, S. A. 2008. Supporting multi-stakeholder environmental decisions. Journal of Environmental Management 88:607-614. 2008 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Primary Production
Zoraja, I., I. Zulim, and M. Stula. 2008. CORAL - Online monitoring in distributed applications: Issues and solutions. WSEAS Transactions on Computers 7:113-118. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Whiteley, R. J. and S. B. Stewart. 2008. Case studies of shallow marine investigations in Australia with advanced underwater seismic refraction (USR). Exploration Geophysics 39:34-40. 2008 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Pipelines; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huang, H.-J., L.-H. Wang, W.-N.U. Chen, L.-S. Fang, and C.-S. Chen. 2008. Developmentally regulated localization of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates in different tissue layers of coral larvae. Coral Reefs 27:365-372. 2008 Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Goodman, J. A., M. Velez-Reyes, and S. Rosario-Torres. 2008. An update on SeaBED: A TesBED for validating subsurface aquatic hyperspectral remote sensing algorithms. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7105. 2008 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Infrastructure; Seagrasses
Przeslawski, R., S. Ahyong, M. Byrne, G. Worheide, and P. Hutchings. 2008. Beyond corals and fish: The effects of climate change on noncoral benthic invertebrates of tropical reefs. Global Change Biology 14:2773-2795. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review Climate; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Clemencic, M. 2008. LHCb distributed conditions database. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
[No author name available]. 2008. Coastal Environment 2008: Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions, CENV 08. in WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Boating Activities; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Morley, D. M., R. L. Sherman, L. K. B. Jordan, K. W. Banks, T. P. Quinn, and R. E. Spieler. 2008. Environmental enhancement gone awry: Characterization of an artificial reef constructed from waste vehicle tires. Pages 73-87 in WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 2008 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Substrate
US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423. 2008 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Transportation Policies
Aubrecht, C., C. D. Elvidge, T. Longcore, C. Rich, J. Safran, A. E. Strong, C. M. Eakin, K. E. Baugh, B. T. Tuttle, A. T. Howard, and E. H. Erwin. 2008. A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on satellite observed nighttime lights. Geocarto International 23:467-479. 2008 Global Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Small Boats
Hirst, A. J. 2008. Surrogate measures for assessing cryptic faunal biodiversity on macroalgal-dominated subtidal reefs. Biological Conservation 141:211-220. 2008 GIS & Maps Algae; Arthropods; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Letourneur, Y., J.-C. Gaertner, J.-P. Durbec, and M. E. Jessu. 2008. Effects of geomorphological zones, reefs and seasons on coral reef fish communities of Reunion Island, Mascarene Archipelago, SW Indian Ocean. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:697-709. 2008 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Jianyu, C., M. Zhihua, and H. Xianqiang. 2008. Geomorphological diversity of Dong-Sha Atoll based on spectrum and texture analysis in high resolution remote sensing imagery. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7150. 2008 China GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection
Haywood, M. D. E., C. R. Pitcher, N. Ellis, T. J. Wassenberg, G. Smith, K. Forcey, I. McLeod, A. Carter, C. Strickland, and R. Coles. 2008. Mapping and characterisation of the inter-reefal benthic assemblages of the Torres Strait. Continental Shelf Research 28:2304-2316. 2008 Australia GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Barton, D. N., T. Saloranta, S.J. Moe, H.O. Eggestad, and S. Kuikka. 2008. Bayesian belief networks as a meta-modelling tool in integrated river basin management Pros and cons in evaluating nutrient abatement decisions under uncertainty in a Norwegian river basin. Ecological Economics 66:91-104. 2008 Norway Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Recreational Opportunities; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
de Paula Silva, P. H., S. McBride, R. de Nys, and N. A. Paul. 2008. Integrating filamentous 'green tide' algae into tropical pond-based aquaculture. Aquaculture 284:74-80. 2008 Australia Algae; Aquaculture; Nutrients; Remediation; Salinity; Special Use Permitting
Wolanski, E., K. E. Fabricius, T. F. Cooper, and C. Humphrey. 2008. Wet season fine sediment dynamics on the inner shelf of the Great Barrier Reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:755-762. 2008 Australia Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wilson, S. K., R. Fisher, M. S. Pratchett, N. A. J. Graham, N. K. Dulvy, R. A. Turner, A. Cakacaka, N. V. C. Polunin, and S. P. Rushton. 2008. Exploitation and habitat degradation as agents of change within coral reef fish communities. Global Change Biology 14:2796-2809. 2008 Global; Fiji Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Costa, O. S., Jr., M. Nimmo, and M. J. Attrill. 2008. Coastal nutrification in Brazil: A review of the role of nutrient excess on coral reef demise. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 25:257-270. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Review Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Speed, C. W., M. G. Meekan, D. Rowat, S. J. Pierce, A. D. Marshall, and C. J. A. Bradshaw. 2008. Scarring patterns and relative mortality rates of Indian Ocean whale sharks. Journal of Fish Biology 72:1488-1503. 2008 Australia; Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Seychelles; India Apex Fish Predators; Boating Regulations
Shcherbina, A. Y., G. G. Gawarkiewicz, C. A. Linder, and S. R. Thorrold. 2008. Mapping bathymetric and hydrographic features of Glover's Reef, Belize, with a REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle. Limnology and Oceanography 53:2264-2272. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Dryden, J., A. Grech, J. Moloney, and M. Hamann. 2008. Rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Does it afford greater protection for marine turtles? Wildlife Research 35:477-485. 2008 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Linares, C., R. Coma, and M. Zabala. 2008. Restoration of threatened red gorgonian populations: An experimental and modelling approach. Biological Conservation 141:427-437. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Light; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral
Kang, C.-K., E. J. Choy, Y. Son, J.-Y. Lee, J. K. Kim, Y. Kim, and K.-S. Lee. 2008. Food web structure of a restored macroalgal bed in the eastern Korean peninsula determined by C and N stable isotope analyses. Marine Biology 153:1181-1198. 2008 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Plankton; Sea Urchins
Nystrom, M., N. A. J. Graham, J. Lokrantz, and A. V. Norstrom. 2008. Capturing the cornerstones of coral reef resilience: Linking theory to practice. Coral Reefs 27:795-809. 2008 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Cochard, R., S. L. Ranamukhaarachchi, G. P. Shivakoti, O. V. Shipin, P. J. Edwards, and K. T. Seeland. 2008. The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 10:3-40. 2008 Thailand Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Gavella, N. 2008. On the acquisition of ownership by appropriation of sea fish and other sea organisms [O stjecanju vlasništva prisvajanjem morskih riba i drugih morskih organizama]. Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu 58:113-134. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Shertzer, K. W. and E. H. Williams. 2008. Fish assemblages and indicator species: Reef fishes off the southeastern United States. Fishery Bulletin 106:257-269. 2008 Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Jimenez-Badillo, L. 2008. Management challenges of small-scale fishing communities in a protected reef system of Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Management and Ecology 15:19-26. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Schools & Colleges; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Pares-Ramos, I., W. A. Gould, and T. M. Aide. 2008. Suburban growth and forest expansion following agricultural abandonment in Puerto Rico (1991-2000). Pages 1-24 in Berlin Conference "Long-Term Policies: Governing Social-Ecological Change" International Conference of the Social-Ecological Research. Berlin, (Germany). 2008 Global; Puerto Rico Agriculture; Housing; Manufacturing & Trade
Cabaitan, P. C., E. D. Gomez, and P. M. Alino. 2008. Effects of coral transplantation and giant clam restocking on the structure of fish communities on degraded patch reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357:85-98. 2008 Philippines Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Greiner-Wronowa, E. 2008. Glass decoration elements - History and technology. Pages 505-510 in Advanced Materials Research. 2008 Collaboration & Partnering
Chang, Y.-C., M.-T. Lee, and K.-C. Lai. 2008. Web-based information management system for the Long Term Ecological Research program in kenting, Taiwan. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 16:174-181. 2008 Taiwan GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Housing; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Omori, M., K. Iwao, and M. Tamura. 2008. Growth of transplanted Acropora tenuis 2 years after egg culture. Coral Reefs 27:165. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Ainsworth, C. H., D. A. Varkey, and T. J. Pitcher. 2008. Ecosystem simulations supporting ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Coral Triangle, Indonesia. Ecological Modelling 214:361-374. 2008 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Schueth, J. D. and T. D. Frank. 2008. Reef foraminifera as bioindicators of coral reef health: Low Isles Reef, Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 38:22-Nov. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Broderick, K. 2008. Adaptive management for water quality improvement in the great barrier reef catchments: Learning on the edge. Geographical Research 46:303-313. 2008 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Resource Use Management
Burke, L., S. Greenhalgh, D. Prager, and E. Cooper. 2008. Coastal capital -- economic valuation of coral reefs in Tobago and St. Lucia. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 2008 South & Central America; St. Lucia; Tobago; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Metzger, M.J., D. Schroter, R. Leemans, W. Cramer. 2008. A spatially explicit and quantitative vulnerability assessment of ecosystem service change in Europe. Regional Environmental Change 3:91-107. 2008 Global; Europe Model; Index or Indicator Climate; Collaboration & Partnering
Leitao, F., M. N. Santos, K. Erzini, and C. C. Monteiro. 2008. The effect of predation on artificial reef juvenile demersal fish species. Marine Biology 153:1233-1244. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Banerjee, P., D. Sarwade, and V. S. Singh. 2008. Characterization of an island aquifer from tidal response. Environmental Geology 55:901-906. 2008 Drinking Water Supply; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vignon, M., F. Morat, R. Galzin, and P. Sasal. 2008. Evidence for spatial limitation of the bluestripe snapper Lutjanus kasmira in French Polynesia from parasite and otolith shape analysis. Journal of Fish Biology 73:2305-2320. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Kumar, A., P. Seralathan, and K. S. Jayappa. 2008. Distribution of coastal cliffs in Kerala, India: their mechanisms of failure and related human engineering response. Environmental Geology 18-Jan. 2008 India Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Shears, N. T., F. Smith, R. C. Babcock, C. A. J. Duffy, and E. Villouta. 2008. Evaluation of biogeographic classification schemes for conservation planning: Application to New Zealand's coastal marine environment. Conservation Biology 22:467-481. 2008 Algae; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
Clynick, B. G., M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. 2008. Fish assemblages associated with urban structures and natural reefs in Sydney, Australia. Austral Ecology 33:140-150. 2008 Australia Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Fish
Hennige, S. 2008. Harvesting light. Planet Earth 18-19. 2008 Algae; Collaboration & Partnering; Zooxanthellae
Valassi, A., R. Basset, M. Clemencic, G. Pucciani, S. A. Schmidt, and M. Wache. 2008. Cool, LCG conditions database for the IHC experiments: Development and deployment status. Pages 3021-3028 in IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 2008 Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering
Kaniewska, P., K. R. N. Anthony, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Variation in colony geometry modulates internal light levels in branching corals, Acropora humilis and Stylophora pistillata. Marine Biology 155:649-660. 2008 Australia Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
FISHER, B., K. TURNER, M. ZYLSTRA, R. ROUWER, R. DE GROOT, S. FARBER, P. FERRARO, R. GREEN, D. HADLEY, J. HARLOW, P. JEFFERISS, C. KIRKBY, P. MORLING, S. MOWATT, R. NAIDOO, J. PAAVOLA, B. STRASSBURG, D. YU, AND A. BALMFORD. 2008. Ecosystem Services And Economic Theory: Integration For Policy-Relevant Research. Ecological Applications 18:2050-2067. 2008
Dizon, R. M., A. J. Edwards, and E. D. Gomez. 2008. Comparison of three types of adhesives in attaching coral transplants to clam shell substrates. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1140-1148. 2008 Philippines Stony Coral; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Edgar, G. J., S. Banks, R. Bensted-Smith, M. Calvopina, A. Chiriboga, L. E. Garske, S. Henderson, K. A. Miller, and S. Salazar. 2008. Conservation of threatened species in the Galapagos Marine Reserve through identification and protection of marine key biodiversity areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:955-968. 2008 Global Algae; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Gullstrom, M., M. Bodin, P. G. Nilsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2008. Seagrass structural complexity and landscape configuration as determinants of tropical fish assemblage composition. Marine Ecology Progress Series 363:241-255. 2008 Indian Ocean; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gao, Q.-F., P. K. S. Shin, W. Z. Xu, and S. G. Cheung. 2008. Amelioration of marine farming impact on the benthic environment using artificial reefs as biofilters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57:652-661. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sediment
Bell, J. J. 2008. The functional roles of marine sponges. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 79:341-353. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sponges; Substrate
Brown, C. J. and J. S. Collier. 2008. Mapping benthic habitat in regions of gradational substrata: An automated approach utilising geophysical, geological, and biological relationships. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:203-214. 2008 Europe GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Lough, J. M. 2008. 10th Anniversary Review: A changing climate for coral reefs. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10:21-29. 2008 Global Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Mitigation
Asafu-Adjaye, J. and S. Tapsuwan. 2008. A contingent valuation study of scuba diving benefits: Case study in Mu Ko Similan Marine National Park, Thailand. Tourism Management 29:1122-1130. 2008 Cuba; Thailand Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Pittman, S. J., S. D. Hile, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, M. S. Kendall, M. E. Monaco, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2008. Fish assemblages and benthic habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands) and the surrounding seascape: a characterization of spatial and temporal patterns. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD. 2008 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Lucieer, V. and H. Pederson. 2008. Linking morphometric characterisation of rocky reef with fine scale lobster movement. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 63:496-509. 2008 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Cleary, D. F. R., L. De Vantier, Giyanto, L. Vail, P. Manto, N. J. De Voogd, P. G. Rachello-Dolmen, Y. Tuti, A. Budiyanto, J. Wolstenholme, B. W. Hoeksema, and Suharsono. 2008. Relating variation in species composition to environmental variables: A multi-taxon study in an Indonesian coral reef complex. Aquatic Science 70:419-431. 2008 Java; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral
Yost, R. W. and E. L. F. Gonzalez. 2008. A coral reef as an analogical model to promote collaborative learning on cultural & ethnic diversity in science. American Biology Teacher 70:39-43. 2008 Model Collaboration & Partnering
Airoldi, L., D. Balata, M.W. Beck. 2008. The Gray Zone: Relationships between habitat loss and marine diversity and their applications in conservation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 366:8-15. 2008 Model Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Wetlands
Taggart, S. J., J. Mondragon, A. G. Andrews, and J. K. Nielsen. 2008. Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:151-163. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Vermeij, M. J. A. and S. A. Sandin. 2008. Density-dependent settlement and mortality structure the earliest life phases of a coral population. Ecology 89:1994-2004. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Patterson, H. M. and S. E. Swearer. 2008. Origin of yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, from Lord Howe Island, Australia, inferred from otolith chemistry. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 42:409-416. 2008 Australia Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Shogren, J. F. and L. O. Taylor. 2008. On Behavioral-Environmental Economics. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 2:26-44. 2008 Economic Markets & Policies
Aydin, N. 2008. The need for tourism satellite account: a florida case study: more basic estimating methods reach only the tip of the iceberg. Applied Research in Economic Development 5:37-47. 2008 Florida Model Tourism & Recreation
Schwarz, J. A., P. B. Brokstein, C. Voolstra, A. Y. Terry, D. J. Miller, A. M. Szmant, M. A. Coffroth, and M. Medina. 2008. Coral life history and symbiosis: functional genomic resources for two reef building Caribbean corals, Acropora palmata and Montastraea faveolata. BMC Genomics 9:97. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Okamoto, M., S. Nojima, S. Fujiwara, and Y. Furushima. 2008. Development of ceramic settlement devices for coral reef restoration using in situ sexualreproduction of corals. Fisheries Science 74:1245-1253. 2008 Lab Study Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Bertels, L., T. Vanderstraete, S. Van Coillie, E. Knaeps, S. Sterckx, R. Goossens, and B. Deronde. 2008. Mapping of coral reefs using hyperspectral CASI data; a case study: Fordata, Tanimbar, Indonesia. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29:2359-2391. 2008 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Mehan, G. T. 2008. Establishing markets for ecological services: beyond water quality to a complete portfolio. N.Y.U. Environmental Law Journal 17:638-645. 2008
Fisher, J. B., R. Nawaz, R. Fauzi, F. Nawaz, E. S. Said Md. Sadek, Z. Abd. Latif, and M. Blackett. 2008. Balancing water, religion and tourism on Redang Island, Malaysia. Environmental Research Letters 3:1-6. 2008 Malaysia Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Schools & Colleges; Tourism & Recreation
Houk, P. and R. Van Woesik. 2008. Dynamics of shallow-water assemblages in the Saipan Lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 356:39-50. 2008 Northern Mariana Islands GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Huebert, K. B. 2008. Barokinesis and depth regulation by pelagic coral reef fish larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 367:261-269. 2008 Florida Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Schroder, P., R. Herzig, B. Bojinov, A. Ruttens, E. Nehnevajova, S. Stamatiadis, A. Memon, A. Vassilev, M. Caviezel, and J. Vangronsveld. 2008. Bioenergy to save the world: Producing novel energy plants for growth on abandoned land. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 15:196-204. 2008 Global; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Domestic Animal Waste; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Prince, J. D., H. Peeters, H. Gorfine, and R. W. Day. 2008. The novel use of harvest policies and rapid visual assessment to manage spatially complex abalone resources (Genus Haliotis). Fisheries Research 94:330-338. 2008 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Corporate Responses; Fishing Sector
Verweij, M. C., I. Nagelkerken, I. Hans, S. M. Ruseler, and P. R. D. Mason. 2008. Seagrass nurseries contribute to coral reef fish populations. Limnology and Oceanography 53:1540-1547. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hoover, C. A., M. Slattery, N. M. Targett, and A. G. Marsh. 2008. Transcriptome and metabolite responses to predation in a South Pacific soft coral. Biological Bulletin 214:319-328. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Lab Study; Model Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Chapter 13, Part 650. Wetland Restoration, Enhancement or Creation. Engineering Field Handbook. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Military; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN-WCPA). 2008. Establishing Marine Protected Area Networks�Making It Happen. IUCN-WCPA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D.C. 2008 Global; Palau; Micronesia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Ocean Acidity
Venerus, L. A., A. M. Parma, and D. E. Galvan. 2008. Annual occupation pattern of temperate rocky reefs by the Argentine sandperch Pseudopercis semifasciata in San Jose Gulf Marine Park, Argentina. Fisheries Management and Ecology 15:217-229. 2008 Model Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Benson, B., A. Irturk, J. Cho, and R. Kastner. 2008. Survey of hardware platforms for an energy efficient implementation of matching pursuits algorithm for shallow water networks. Pages 83-86 in Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MOBICOM. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Energy Policy & Development
Water Environment Servicves. 2008. Three Creeks Restoration. 2008 Invasive Species; Littering; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Ogston, A. S., R. W. Sternberg, C. A. Nittrouer, D. P. Martin, M. A. Goni, and J. S. Crockett. 2008. Sediment delivery from the Fly River tidally dominated delta to the nearshore marine environment and the impact of El Nino. Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface 113. 2008 Papua New Guinea Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cooper, E., L. Burke, and N. Bood. 2008. Coastal capital: Belize, the economic contribution of Belize�s coral reefs and mangroves. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Mexico Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Daily, G. C. and P. A. Matson. 2008. Ecosystem services: from theory to implementation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:9455-9456. 2008 GIS & Maps Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives
Guzman, H. M., S. Benfield, O. Breedy, and J. M. Mair. 2008. Broadening reef protection across the Marine Conservation Corridor of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Distribution and diversity of reefs in Las Perlas Archipelago, Panama. Environmental Conservation 35:46-54. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica; Panama Review Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Mohammed, S. W. C. and S. E. Coppard. 2008. Ecology and distribution of soft-sediment benthic communities off Viti Levu (Fiji). Marine Ecology Progress Series 371:91-107. 2008 Australia; New Caledonia; Fiji Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cassata, L. and L. B. Collins. 2008. Coral reef communities, habitats, and substrates in and near sanctuary zones of Ningaloo Marine Park. Journal of Coastal Research 24:139-151. 2008 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Leticia, A.-G. and G.-B. Gerardo. 2008. Determination of esterase activity and characterization of cholinesterases in the reef fish Haemulon plumieri. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 71:787-797. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Walker, S. J., B. M. Degnan, J. N. A. Hooper, and G. A. Skilleter. 2008. Will increased storm disturbance affect the biodiversity of intertidal, nonscleractinian sessile fauna on coral reefs? Global Change Biology 14:2755-2770. 2008 Global; Australia Climate; Fish; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Da Silva, M., M. R. Z. Passarini, R. C. Bonugli, and L. D. Sette. 2008. Cnidarian-derived filamentous fungi from Brazil: Isolation, characterisation and RBBR decolourisation screening. Environmental Technology 29:1331-1339. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Remediation; Stony Coral
Dupont, J. M. 2008. Artificial reefs as restoration tools: A case study on the West Florida shelf. Coastal Management 36:495-507. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Mitigation; Pipelines
NOAA; The Nature Conservancy. 2008. Creosote Assessment in Puget Sound Beaches. NOAA. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Docks & Marinas; Sediment
Ben-Tzvi, O., M. Kiflawi, S. D. Gaines, M. Al-Zibdah, M. S. Sheeny, G. L. Paradis, and A. Abelson. 2008. Tracking recruitment pathways of Chromis viridis in the Gulf of Aqaba using otolith chemistry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 359:229-238. 2008 Egypt Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hasler, H. and J. A. Ott. 2008. Diving down the reefs? Intensive diving tourism threatens the reefs of the northern Red Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1788-1794. 2008 Cuba; Egypt Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fish; Recreational Opportunities; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Johnson, D. W. 2008. Combined effects of condition and density on post-settlement survival and growth of a marine fish. Oecologia 155:43-52. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Kendall, M. S. and T. Miller. 2008. The influence of thematic and spatial resolution on maps of a coral reef ecosystem. Marine Geodesy 31:75-102. 2008 Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Seagrasses
Jankun, J., T. Doerks, A. M. Aleem, W. Lysiak-Szydlowska, and E. Skrzypczak-Jankun. 2008. Do Human lipoxygenases have a PDZ regulatory domain? Current Molecular Medicine 8:768-773. 2008 Review Pathogens; Special Use Permitting
Sirelkhatim, D. A., A. K. Sam, and R. K. Hassona. 2008. Plutonium isotopes in marine sediments and some biota from the Sudanese coast of the Red Sea. Radiation Protection Dosimetry 131:414-417. 2008 Global; Sudan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Maina, J., V. Venus, T. R. McClanahan, and M. Ateweberhan. 2008. Modelling susceptibility of coral reefs to environmental stress using remote sensing data and GIS models. Ecological Modelling 212:180-199. 2008 Indian Ocean; Madagascar; India Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Light; Marine Protected Areas
D'Entremont, A., J. Kaariainen, and K. Baker. 2008. SERPENT of the Deep - Research, monitoring and partnerships for a deepwater well off atlantic canada. Pages 1493-1500 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Schools & Colleges; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kracker, L., M. Kendall, and G. McFall. 2008. Benthic features as a determinant for fish biomass in Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. Marine Geodesy 31:267-280. 2008 GIS & Maps Fish; Fishing Sector
Wedding, L. M. and A. Friedlander. 2008. Determining the influence of seascape structure on coral reef fishes in Hawaii using a geospatial approach. Marine Geodesy 31:246-266. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Hawdon, A. A., R. J. Keen, D. A. Post, and S. N. Wilkinson. 2008. Hydrological recovery of rangeland following cattle exclusion. IAHS-AISH Publication 532-539. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hughes, A. O., J. M. Olley, J. C. Croke, and L. A. Mckergow. 2008. Sediment sources in a dry-tropical catchment: central Queensland, Australia. IAHS-AISH Publication 351-358. 2008 Australia; Europe Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Mitigation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Laurent, D., A.-S. Kerbrat, H. T. Darius, E. Girard, S. Golubic, E. Benoit, M.-P. Sauviat, M. Chinain, J. Molgo, and S. Pauillac. 2008. Are cyanobacteria involved in Ciguatera Fish Poisoning-like outbreaks in New Caledonia? Harmful Algae 7:827-838. 2008 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Cyanobacteria; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Molluscs
Purkis, S. J., N. A. J. Graham, and B. M. Riegl. 2008. Predictability of reef fish diversity and abundance using remote sensing data in Diego Garcia (Chagos Archipelago). Coral Reefs 27:167-178. 2008 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Monteiro-Neto, C., R. A. Tubino, L. E. S. Moraes, J. P. De Mendonca Neto, G. V. Esteves, and W. L. Fortes. 2008. Associations of fishes in the coastal region of Itaipu, Niteroi [Associacões de peixes na região costeira de Itaipu, Niteroi, RJ]. Iheringia - Serie Zoologia 98:50-59. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector
Addison, P. F. E., R. S. Koss, and T. D. O'Hara. 2008. Recreational use of a rocky intertidal reef in Victoria: Implications for ecological research and management. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 15:169-179. 2008 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Rioja-Nieto, R. and C. Sheppard. 2008. Effects of management strategies on the landscape ecology of a Marine Protected Area. Ocean and Coastal Management 51:397-404. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Welch, D. J., B. D. Mapstone, and G. A. Begg. 2008. Spatial and temporal variation and effects of changes in management in discard rates from the commercial reef line fishery of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Research 90:247-260. 2008 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Lam, K. and B. Morton. 2008. Soft corals, sea fans, gorgonians (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) and black and wire corals (Ceriantipatharia: Antipatharia) from submarine caves in Hong Kong with a checklist of local species and a description of a new species of Paraminabea. Journal of Natural History 42:749-780. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral
Morton, J. K., M. E. Platell, and W. Gladstone. 2008. Differences in feeding ecology among three co-occurring species of wrasse (Teleostei: Labridae) on rocky reefs of temperate Australia. Marine Biology 154:577-592. 2008 Australia; Cuba Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Planktivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral; Special Use Permitting
Lam, K., B. Morton, and P. Hodgson. 2008. Ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae, Oculinidae and Rhizangiidae) recorded from submarine caves in Hong Kong. Journal of Natural History 42:729-747. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Jones, A. M., S. Gardner, and W. Sinclair. 2008. Losing 'Nemo': Bleaching and collection appear to reduce inshore populations of anemonefishes. Journal of Fish Biology 73:753-761. 2008 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Teh, L. C. L., L. S. L. Teh, and F. C. Chung. 2008. A private management approach to coral reef conservation in Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversity and Conservation 17:3061-3077. 2008 Malaysia Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Gala, W. R., R. W. Hill, and L. A. Hostetter. 2008. Use of Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) to determine the environmentally superior project alternative. Pages 1393-1401 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Artificial Habitat; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Hirst, R., C. Sutton, and C.-H. Chaineau. 2008. Coral transplantation, an innovative measure in the frame of environmental impact mitigation. Pages 165-181 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Fish; Mitigation; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Physical Damage; Substrate
Moltu, U. E. and L. Pinturier. 2008. Zero harmful impact from drilling discharges: Where are the limits? Pages 988-1002 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corporate Responses; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Toxics
Chaloupka, M., K. A. Bjorndal, G. H. Balazs, A. B. Bolten, L. M. Ehrhart, C. J. Limpus, H. Suganuma, S. Troeng, and M. Yamaguchi. 2008. Encouraging outlook for recovery of a once severely exploited marine megaherbivore. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17:297-304. 2008 Global; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Costa Rica; Japan Review Sea Turtles
Sale, P. F. and J. P. Kritzer. 2008. Connectivity: what it is, how it is measured, and why it is important for management of reef fishes. Pages 16-30 in R. Grober-Dunsmore and B. D. Keller, editors. Caribbean connectivity: implications for marine protected area management. Proceedings of a special symposium, 9-11 November 2006, 59th Annual Meeting of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Belize City, Belize. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Coleman, M. A., B. P. Kelaher, P. D. Steinberg, and A. J. K. Millar. 2008. Absence of a large brown macroalga on urbanized rocky reefs around Sydney, Australia, and evidence for historical decline. Journal of Phycology 44:897-901. 2008 Australia Algae
Chang, Y.C., F.W. Hong, and M.T. Lee. 2008. A system dynamic based DSS for sustainable coral reef management in Kenting coastal zone, Taiwan. Ecological Modelling 211:153-168. 2008 Taiwan Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Sewage Treatment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
O'Leary, J., J. C. Braga, and T. McClanahan. 2008. The Effect Of Fisheries Management On Species-Composition Of Crustose Coralline Algae, With Implications For Coral Recruitment. in Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium. 2008 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Hunter, H. M. and R. S. Walton. 2008. Land-use effects on fluxes of suspended sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus from a river catchment of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 356:131-146. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Doerge, B. C. and C. Smith. 2008. Mechanisms of erosion of volcanic soils on non-agricultural lands in guam. Pages 419-429 in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2008. 2008 Guam Agriculture; Coastal Defense; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Military; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection
deJongh Jr., J. P., editor. 2008. United States Virgin Islands comprehensive economic development strategy. USVI Bureau of Economic Research, Unites States Virgin Islands. 2008 US Virgin Islands Collaboration & Partnering; Economic Markets & Policies; Housing
Gangai, J. W., R. Lenaburg, B. Batten, E. Drei-Horgan, N. Sheffner, D. Hamilton, M. Rezakhani, and P. Shrestha. 2008. Hurricane Flood Insurance study for the Hawaiian Islands. Pages 432-443 in Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008 - Proceedings of the Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Insurance; Military; Security Policies; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Reitzel, A. M., J. C. Sullivan, N. Traylor-Knowles, and J. R. Finnerty. 2008. Genomic survey of candidate stress-response genes in the estuarine anemone Nematostella vectensis. Biological Bulletin 214:233-254. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrients; Pathogens; Salinity; Stony Coral
Dimond, J. and E. Carrington. 2008. Symbiosis regulation in a facultatively symbiotic temperate coral: Zooxanthellae division and expulsion. Coral Reefs 27:601-604. 2008 England Index or Indicator Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Cabrera, D., J.T. Mandel, J.P. Andras, M.L. Nydam. 2008. What is the crisis? Defining and prioritizing the world�s most pressing problems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6:469-475. 2008 Global GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens
Johansson, M. L., M. A. Banks, K. D. Glunt, H. M. Hassel-Finnegan, and V. P. Buonaccorsi. 2008. Influence of habitat discontinuity, geographical distance, and oceanography on fine-scale population genetic structure of copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus). Molecular Ecology 17:3051-3061. 2008 Model Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton
Conroy, M. J., R. J. Baker, P. W. Dillingham, D. Fletcher, A. M. Gormley, and I. M. Westbrooke. 2008. Application of decision theory to conservation management: recovery of Hector�s dolphin. Wildlife Research 35:93-102. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Resource Use Management; Whales & Dolphins
Reeves, J. M., A. R. Chivas, A. Garcia, S. Holt, M. J. J. Couapel, B. G. Jones, D. I. Cendon, and D. Fink. 2008. The sedimentary record of palaeoenvironments and sea-level change in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, through the last glacial cycle. Quaternary International 183:22-Mar. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean Climate; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dobbs, K., L. Fernandes, S. Slegers, B. Jago, L. Thompson, J. Hall, J. Day, D. Cameron, J. Tanzer, F. Macdonald, H. Marsh, and R. Coles. 2008. Incorporating dugong habitats into the marine protected area design for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland, Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management 51:368-375. 2008 Australia Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Delaunoy, O., N. Gracias, and R. Garcia. 2008. Towards detecting changes in underwater image sequences. in OCEANS'08 MTS/IEEE Kobe-Techno-Ocean'08 - Voyage toward the Future, OTO'08. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Storms & Hurricanes
Carney, R. S. 2008. Developing a better bio-geology overview and information needs for effective assessment of the environmental risks of deepwater oil and gas development. Pages 1200-1207 in Offshore Technology Conference, Proceedings. 2008 Review Special Use Permitting
Guidetti, P., E. Vierucci, and S. Bussotti. 2008. Differences in escape response of fish in protected and fished Mediterranean rocky reefs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:625-627. 2008 United Kingdom Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
WBCSD, WRI, and Meridian Institute. 2008. The corporate ecosystem services review: guidelines for identifying business risks and opportunities arising from ecosystem change. World Resources Institute, Washington DC. 2008 Global Review Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Climate; Corporate Responses; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands
Sammarco, P. W. 2008. Crises on coral reefs and in coral reef science in the 21st century: The need for a new peer-review system. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 8:109-119. 2008 Global Review; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Pathogens
McClanahan, T. R. 2008. Response of the coral reef benthos and herbivory to fishery closure management and the 1998 ENSO disturbance. Oecologia 155:169-177. 2008 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Spencer, M. and J. E. Tanner. 2008. Lotka-Volterra competition models for sessile organisms. Ecology 89:1134-1143. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Loper, C., R. Pomeroy, V. Hoon, P. McConney, M. Pena, A. Sanders, G. Sriskanthan, S. Vergara, M. Pido, R. Vave, C. Vieux, I. Wanyonyi. 2008. Socioeconomic conditions along the world�s tropical coasts: 2008. Conservation International. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Micronesia; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Buddemeier, R. W., P. L. Jokiel, K. M. Zimmerman, D. R. Lane, J. M. Carey, G. C. Bohling, and J. A. Martinich. 2008. A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 6:395-411. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; CO2
Mitsuguchi, T., P. X. Dang, H. Kitagawa, T. Uchida, and Y. Shibata. 2008. Coral Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca records in Con Dao Island off the Mekong Delta: Assessment of their potential for monitoring ENSO and East Asian monsoon. Global and Planetary Change 63:341-352. 2008 China Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Montagna, P., S. Silenzi, S. Devoti, C. Mazzoli, M. McCulloch, G. Scicchitano, and M. Taviani. 2008. Climate reconstructions and monitoring in the Mediterranean Sea: A review on some recently discovered high-resolution marine archives. Rendiconti Lincei 19:121-140. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity
Lipcius, R. N., D. B. Eggleston, S. J. Schreiber, R. D. Seitz, J. Shen, M. Sisson, W. T. Stockhausen, and H. V. Wang. 2008. Importance of metapopulation connectivity to restocking and restoration of marine species. Reviews in Fisheries Science 16:101-110. 2008
Hern�ndez, J. C., S. Clemente, C. Sangil, and A. Brito. 2008. The key role of the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum in controlling macroalgae assemblages throughout the Canary Islands (eastern subtropical Atlantic): an spatio-temporal approach. Marine Environmental Research 66:259-270. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Boats; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Meynecke, J. O, S. Y. Lee, and N. C. Duke. 2008. Linking spatial metrics and fish catch reveals the importance of coastal wetland connectivity to inshore fisheries in Queensland, Australia. Biological Conservation 141:981-996. 2008 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Kerwath, S. E., A. Gotz, C. G. Attwood, and W. H. H. Sauer. 2008. The effect of marine protected areas on an exploited population of sex-changing temperate reef fish: An individual-based model. African Journal of Marine Science 30:337-350. 2008 Oman; South Africa Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Rodriguez-Cabello, C., F. Sanchez, A. Serrano, and I. Olaso. 2008. Effects of closed trawl fishery areas on some elasmobranch species in the Cantabrian Sea. Journal of Marine Systems 72:418-428. 2008 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Guzy, M. R., C. L. Smith, J. P. Bolte, D. W. Hulse and S. V. Gregory. 2008. Policy research using agent-based modeling to assess future impacts of urban expansion into farmlands and forests. 2008 Model Agriculture; Fish; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Steyn, E., P. J. Fielding, and M. H. Schleyer. 2008. The artisanal fishery for East Coast rock lobsters Panulirus homarus along the Wild Coast, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 30:497-506. 2008 South Africa Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Bruschetti, M., T. Luppi, E. Fanjul, A. Rosenthal, and O. Iribarne. 2008. Grazing effect of the invasive reef-forming polychaete Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel) on phytoplankton biomass in a SW Atlantic coastal lagoon. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 354:212-219. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Invasive Species; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seawater Flow
Lindenbaum, C., J. D. Bennell, E. I. S. Rees, D. Mcclean, W. Cook, A. J. Wheeler, and W. G. Sanderson. 2008. Small-scale variation within a Modiolus modiolus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) reef in the Irish Sea: I. Seabed mapping and reef morphology. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:133-141. 2008 United Kingdom Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs
Jupiter, S. D. and G. S. Marion. 2008. Changes in forest area along stream networks in an agricultural catchment of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Environmental Management 42:66-79. 2008 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lloret, J. and V. Riera. 2008. Evolution of a mediterranean coastal zone: Human impacts on the marine environment of cape creus. Environmental Management 42:977-988. 2008 Cuba Boating Activities; Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Tepedino, V. J., B. A. Bradley, and T. L. Griswold. 2008. Might flowers of invasive plants increase native bee carrying capacity? Intimations from Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Natural Areas Journal 28:44-50. 2008 Invasive Species
[No author name available]. 2008. Proceedings of Spie - Remote Sensing of Inland, Coastal, and Oceanic Waters. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7150. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Fiji; China Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Torrents, O., E. Tambutte, N. Caminiti, and J. Garrabou. 2008. Upper thermal thresholds of shallow vs. deep populations of the precious Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum (L.): Assessing the potential effects of warming in the NW Mediterranean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357:19-Jul. 2008 Global; France Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate
Rinkevich, B. 2008. Management of coral reefs: We have gone wrong when neglecting active reef restoration. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1821-1824. 2008 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Dahdouh-Guebas, F. and N. Koedam. 2008. Long-term retrospection on mangrove development using transdisciplinary approaches: A review. Aquatic Botany 89:80-92. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Shoreline Protection
Roberts, D. A., E. L. Johnston, and A. G. B. Poore. 2008. Contamination of marine biogenic habitats and effects upon associated epifauna. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1057-1065. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sponges
Halpern, B. S., S. Walbridge, K. A. Selkoe, C. V. Kappel, F. Micheli, C. D�Agrosa, J. F. Bruno, K. S. Casey, C. Ebert, H. E. Fox, R. Fujita, D. Heinemann, H. S. Lenihan, E. M. P. Madin, M. T. Perry, E. R. Selig, M. Spalding, R. Steneck, and R. Watson. 2008. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319:948-952. 2008 Global Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Arentze, T. A., B. G. C. Dellaert, H. J. P. Timmermans. 2008. Modeling and Measuring Individuals� Mental Representations of Complex Spatio-Temporal Decision Problems. Environment and Behavior 40:843-869. 2008 Model; GIS & Maps
Hecht, A. D., D. Shaw, R. Bruins, V. Dale, K. Kline, and A. Chen. 2008. Good policy follows good science: using criteria and indicators for assessing sustainable biofuel production. Ecotoxicology 2008 Model; Index or Indicator
Mislan, K. A. S. and R. C. Babcock. 2008. Survival and behaviour of juvenile red rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, on rocky reefs with varying predation pressure and habitat complexity. Marine and Freshwater Research 59:246-253. 2008 Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Bouchon, C., P. Portillo, M. Louis, F. Mazeas, and Y. Bouchon-Navaro. 2008. Recent evolution of the coral reefs of Guadeloupe and Saint- Barthelemy Islands [evolution recente des recifs coralliens des îles de la Guadeloupe et de Saint-Barthelemy]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:45-65. 2008 Antilles Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Chancerelle, Y. 2008. Coral reefs of Wallis and Futuna: Biological monitoring, health and future [Les recifs coralliens de Wallis et Futuna: Suivi biologique, etat de sante et perspectives d'avenir]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:133-143. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Fiji; Samoa; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest
Dinhut, V., J.-B. Nicet, and J.-P. Quod. 2008. Monitoring and health state 2007 of coral reefs of Mayotte Island [Suivi et etat de sante 2007 des recifs coralliens de Mayotte]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:103-114. 2008 Mayotte Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Granek, E. and B. I. Ruttenberg. 2008. Changes in biotic and abiotic processes following mangrove clearing. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 80:555-562. 2008 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Santos, P. R., N. Added, J. H. Aburaya, and M. A. Rizzutto. 2008. Measurements of Sr/Ca in bones to evaluate differences in temperature. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266:1616-1618. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Williams, G. J., M. J. Cameron, J. R. Turner, and R. B. Ford. 2008. Quantitative characterisation of reef fish diversity among nearshore habitats in a northeastern New Zealand marine reserve. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 42:33-46. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sponges
Kitada, Y., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, and T. Oomori. 2008. Distribution of pesticides and bisphenol A in sediments collected from rivers adjacent to coral reefs. Chemosphere 71:2082-2090. 2008 Japan Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wheeler, M., F. M. J. Chambers, R. Sims-Castley, R. M. Cowling, and D. S. Schoeman. 2008. From beans to breams: How participatory workshops can contribute to marine conservation planning. African Journal of Marine Science 30:475-487. 2008 South Africa Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Wong, C.-K., P. Hung, K. L. H. Lee, T. Mok, T. Chung, and K.-M. Kam. 2008. Features of ciguatera fish poisoning cases in Hong Kong 2004-2007. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 21:521-527. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; India; China; Caribbean Review; Lab Study Fish
Phinn, S., C. Roelfsema, A. Dekker, V. Brando, and J. Anstee. 2008. Mapping seagrass species, cover and biomass in shallow waters: An assessment of satellite multi-spectral and airborne hyper-spectral imaging systems in Moreton Bay (Australia). Remote Sensing of Environment 112:3412-3425. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Segal, B., H. Evangelista, M. Kampel, A. C. Goncalves, P. S. Polito, and E. A. dos Santos. 2008. Potential impacts of polar fronts on sedimentation processes at Abrolhos coral reef (South-West Atlantic Ocean/Brazil). Continental Shelf Research 28:533-544. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Monk, J., D. Ierodiaconou, A. Bellgrove, and L. Laurenson. 2008. Using community-based monitoring with GIS to create habitat maps for a marine protected area in Australia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:865-871. 2008 Global; Australia; Cuba; United Kingdom Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Social Organizations
Rogers, S. I., P. J. Somerfield, M. Schratzberger, R. Warwick, T. A. D. Maxwell, and J. R. Ellis. 2008. Sampling strategies to evaluate the status of offshore soft sediment assemblages. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:880-894. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Sediment
Conservation International (CI). 2008. Economic values of coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses: a global compilation. Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Arlington, Virginia. 2008 Global; Florida Carbon Storage & Cycling; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Oxenford, H. A., R. Roach, A. Brathwaite, L. Nurse, R. Goodridge, F. Hinds, K. Baldwin, and C. Finney. 2008. Quantitative observations of a major coral bleaching event in Barbados, Southeastern Caribbean. Climatic change 87:435-449. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources
Barbier, E. B., E. W. Koch, B. R. Silliman, S. D. Hacker, E. Wolanski, J. Primavera, E. F. Granek, S. Polasky, S. Aswani, L. A. Cramer, D. M. Stoms, C. J. Kennedy, D. Bael, C. V. Kappel, G. M. E. Perillo, and D. J. Reed. 2008. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science 319:321-323. 2008 Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Henriques, S., M. P. Pais, M. J. Costa, and H. Cabral. 2008. Development of a fish-based multimetric index to assess the ecological quality of marine habitats: the Marine Fish Community Index. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1913-1934. 2008 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Yee, S. H., D. L. Santavy, and M. G. Barron. 2008. Comparing environmental influences on coral bleaching across and within species using clustered binomial regression. Ecological Modelling 218:162-174. 2008 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Light; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ortiz, D. M. and B. N. Tissot. 2008. Ontogenetic patterns of habitat use by reef-fish in a Marine Protected Area network: A multi-scaled remote sensing and in situ approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:217-232. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Legrand, H., Y. Rousseau, C. Peres, and J.-P. Marechal. 2008. Ecological monitoring of coral reefs in IFRECOR survey sites in Martinique between 2001 and 2006 [Suivi ecologique des recifs coralliens des stations IFRECOR en Martinique de 2001 à 2006]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:67-84. 2008 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Martinique; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Pathogens
Olsson, P., C. Folke, and T. P. Hughes. 2008. Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:9489-9494. 2008 Global; Australia; Oman Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff
Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., S. Reynaud, D. Allemand, and C. Ferrier-Pages. 2008. Temporal and depth responses of two temperate corals, Cladocora caespitosa and Oculina patagonica, from the North Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 369:103-114. 2008 Algae; Light; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Hsu, M.-K., A. K. Liu, Y. Zhao, and K. Hotta. 2008. Satellite remote sensing of Spratly Islands using SAR. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29:6427-6436. 2008 China; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Takada, Y., O. Abe, and T. Shibuno. 2008. Cryptic assemblages in coral-rubble interstices along a terrestrial-sediment gradient. Coral Reefs 27:665-675. 2008 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Lindsay, M. J., H. M. Patterson, and S. E. Swearer. 2008. Habitat as a surrogate measure of reef fish diversity in the zoning of the Lord Howe Island Marine Park, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 353:265-273. 2008 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
D'Angelo, C., A. Denzel, A. Vogt, M. V. Matz, F. Oswald, A. Salih, G. U. Nienhaus, and J. Wiedenmann. 2008. Blue light regulation of host pigment in reef-building corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 364:97-106. 2008 Climate; Ports & Harbors; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Siddiqui, P. J. A., S. Farooq, S. Shafique, Z.-u.-N. Burhan, and Z. Farooqi. 2008. Conservation and management of biodiversity in Pakistan through the establishment of marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 51:377-382. 2008 Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton; Sea Turtles; Whales & Dolphins
Leujak, W. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2008. Quantifying acceptable levels of visitor use on Red Sea reef flats. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:930-944. 2008 Egypt Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Allen, G. R. 2008. Conservation hotspots of biodiversity and endemism for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:541-556. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Malaysia; Oman; Japan; Palau; Micronesia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia; Philippines; Taiwan GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas
Alippi, C., R. Camplani, C. Galperti, M. Roveri, and L. Sportiello. 2008. Towards a credible WSNs deployment: A monitoring framework based on an adaptive communication protocol and energy-harvesting availability. Pages 66-71 in Conference Record - IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Crabbe, J.C. 2008. Climate change, global warming and coral reefs: Modelling the effects of temperature. Computational Biology and Chemistry 2008 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Internet & Telecommunications; Stony Coral
Rodriguez-Zaragoza, F. A. and J. E. Arias-Gonzalez. 2008. Additive diversity partitioning of reef fishes across multiple spatial scales. Caribbean Journal of Science 44:90-101. 2008 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
2008. Coral Bay Watershed Management Plan A Pilot Project for Watershed Planning in the USVI. Center for Watershed Protection, Wllicott City,(Maryland, USA). 2008
Smith, J., G. B. Douglas, L. C. Radke, M. Palmer, and B. P. Brooke. 2008. Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia. III. Identification of sediment sources in the coastal zone. Environmental Chemistry 5:231-242. 2008 Australia; Europe Model Landuse Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dewan, A. K., K. P. Maruska, and T. C. Tricas. 2008. Arginine vasotocin neuronal phenotypes among congeneric territorial and shoaling reef butterflyfishes: Species, sex and reproductive season comparisons. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 20:1382-1394. 2008 Europe Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Special Use Permitting
Mueller, E. M. and C. J. Booker. 2008. Assessment of resilience of Montastrea faveolata inside and outside of a marine park. Page 5 in Proceedings of the 11th International Coral reef Symposium. 2008 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas
Lundquist, C. J. and M. H. Pinkerton. 2008. Collation of data for ecosystem modelling of Te Tapuwae o Rongokako Marine Reserve. Science for Conservation 1-103. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Davies, A. J., M. Wisshak, J. C. Orr, and J. Murray Roberts. 2008. Predicting suitable habitat for the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia). Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 55:1048-1062. 2008 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Stony Coral
Perkol-Finkel, S., G. Zilman, I. Sella, T. Miloh, and Y. Benayahu. 2008. Floating and fixed artificial habitats: Spatial and temporal patterns of benthic communities in a coral reef environment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:491-500. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sponges
Halpern, B. S. and S. R. Floeter. 2008. Functional diversity responses to changing species richness in reef fish communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 364:147-156. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fish
Pierre, S., S. Gaillard, N. Prevot-D'Alvise, J. Aubert, O. Rostaing-Capaillon, D. Leung-Tack, and J.-P. Grillasca. 2008. Grouper aquaculture: Asian success and Mediterranean trials. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:297-308. 2008 Taiwan Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Monetary Valuation; Piscivorous Fish
Sukhdev, P., editor. 2008. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: An Interm report. Earthscan, Cambridge,(UK). 2008 Valuation
Bokma, B. H., E. P. J. Gibbs, A. A. Aguirre, and B. Kaplan. 2008. A resolution by the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine in support of \One Health\"". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1149:8-Apr. 2008 Collaboration & Partnering; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics
Salvat, B., A. Aubanel, M. Adjeroud, P. Bouisset, D. Calmet, Y. Chancerelle, N. Cochennec, N. Davies, A. Fougerousse, R. Galzin, E. Lagouy, C. Lo, C. Monier, C. Ponsonnet, G. Remoissenet, D. Schneider, A. Stein, M. Tatarata, and L. Villiers. 2008. Monitoring of French Polynesia coral reefs and their recent development [Le suivi de l'etat des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise et leur recente evolution]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:145-177. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Nutrients; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies
Tessier, E., L. Bigot, C. Cadet, B. Cauvin, P. Chabanet, C. Conand, J.-B. Nicet, and J.-P. Quod. 2008. Coral reefs of Reunion Island in 2007: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de la Reunion en 2007: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:85-102. 2008 Global; Indian Ocean; Reunion; India; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes
Wantiez, L. 2008. Coral reefs of New Caledonia in 2006: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de nouvelle-caledonie en 2006: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:117-132. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Cruise Ships; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Mining; Mining Policies; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Cardona-Maldonado, M. A. 2008. Assessment of coral reef community structure using water optical properties. Masters Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico). 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrients; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate
Ridgway, T., C. Riginos, J. Davis, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Genetic connectivity patterns of Pocillopora verrucosa in southern African Marine Protected Areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 354:161-168. 2008 Mozambique; South Africa Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Mora, C. 2008. A clear human footprint in the coral reefs of the Caribbean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275:767-773. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lesser, M. P. and C. D. Mobley. 2007. Bathymetry, water optical properties, and benthic classification of coral reefs using hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. Coral Reefs 26:819-829. 2007 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Rhodes, K. L. and M. H. Tupper. 2007. A preliminary market-based analysis of the Pohnpei, Micronesia, grouper (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) fishery reveals unsustainable fishing practices. Coral Reefs 26:335-344. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Graham, N. A. J., S. K. Wilson, S. Jennings, N. V. C. Polunin, J. Robinson, J. P. Bijoux, and T. M. Daw. 2007. Lag effects in the impacts of mass coral bleaching on coral reef fish, fisheries, and ecosystems. Conservation Biology 21:1291-1300. 2007 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Merritt, R. 2007. MPAA's top cop quits, hopes to land corporate gig. Electronic Engineering Times 1469:36-38. 2007 Europe Corporate Responses; Internet & Telecommunications
Halpern, B. S., K. A. Selkoe, F. Micheli, and C. V. Kappel. 2007. Evaluating and ranking the vulnerability of global marine ecosystems to anthropogenic threats. Conservation Biology 21:1301-1315. 2007 Global Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Point Source Discharges; Sea Temperatures
Jegatheesan, V., C. Zeng, L. Shu, C. Manicom, and C. Steicke. 2007. Technological advances in aquaculture farms for minimal effluent discharge to oceans. Journal of Cleaner Production 15:1535-1544. 2007 Australia Aquaculture; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. J. Graham, J. Maina, P. Chabanet, J. H. Bruggemann, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2007. Influence of instantaneous variation on estimates of coral reef fish populations and communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 340:221-234. 2007 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Scopelitis, J., S. Andrefouet, and C. Largouet. 2007. Modelling coral reef habitat trajectories: evaluation of an integrated timed automata and remote sensing approach. Ecological Modelling 205:59-80. 2007 New Caledonia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes
Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Mitigation; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting
Kao, H.-T., S. Sturgis, R. DeSalle, J. Tsai, D. Davis, D. F. Gruber, and V. A. Pieribone. 2007. Dynamic regulation of fluorescent proteins from a single species of coral. Marine Biotechnology 9:733-746. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Dytham, C. and S. D. Simpson. 2007. Elevated mortality of fish larvae on coral reefs drives the evolution of larval movement patterns. Marine Ecology Progress Series 346:255-264. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Beaudreau, A. H. and T. E. Essington. 2007. Spatial, temporal, and ontogenetic patterns of predation on rockfishes by lingcod. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1438-1452. 2007 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish
Pizarro, V., J. Polania, and J. C. Thomason. 2007. Recruitment and juvenile survivorship of brain corals at San Andres Island, Western Caribbean Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 48:113-119. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Perrin, C. and D. C. Smith. 2007. Earliest steps of diagenesis in living scleractinian corals: Evidence from ultrastructural pattern and Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Sedimentary Research 77:495-507. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Taghavi, A. A., A. Mork, and E. Kazemzadeh. 2007. Flow unit classification for geological modelling of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir: Cretaceous sarvak formation, Dehluran field, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30:129-146. 2007 Iran Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Toxics
Yang, S., N. Li, Y. Suo, and G. Chen. 2007. Study on construction of simulation platform for vessel automatic anti-collision and its test method. Pages 2414-2419 in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, ICAL 2007. 2007 Model
Frisch, A. J., S. P. W. Walker, M. I. McCormick, and T. K. Solomon-Lane. 2007. Regulation of protogynous sex change by competition between corticosteroids and androgens: An experimental test using sandperch, Parapercis cylindrica. Hormones and Behavior 52:540-545. 2007 Fish; Special Use Permitting; Substrate
Brown-Saracino, J., P. Peckol, H. Allen Curran, and M. L. Robbart. 2007. Spatial variation in sea urchins, fish predators, and bioerosion rates on coral reefs of Belize. Coral Reefs 26:71-78. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Al-Rousan, S. A., R. N. Al-Shloul, F. A. Al-Horani, and A. H. Abu-Hilal. 2007. Heavy metal contents in growth bands of Porites corals: Record of anthropogenic and human developments from the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1912-1922. 2007 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Wong, M. Y. L., P. M. Buston, P. L. Munday, and G. P. Jones. 2007. The threat of punishment enforces peaceful cooperation and stabilizes queues in a coral-reef fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274:1093-1099. 2007 Special Use Permitting
Schmidt, J. A., S. W. Ellsworth, R. A. Brooks, D. E. Bishop, M. C. Aubele, and A. E. Watkins. 2007. Environmental mitigation - Conclusion: Habitat replacement increases flora-fauna diversity, abundance. Oil and Gas Journal 105:50-54. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Fish; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2007. Qatar conducts reef restoration along three pipeline corridors. Oil and Gas Journal 105:66. 2007 Global; Qatar Field Study & Monitoring Pipelines; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Pimentel, J. C. L., R. Monroy, and D. Hutter. 2007. A Method for Patching Interleaving-Replay Attacks in Faulty Security Protocols. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 174:117-130. 2007 Europe; Germany; Norway Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Fleitmann, D., R. B. Dunbar, M. McCulloch, M. Mudelsee, M. Vuille, T. R. McClanahan, J. E. Cole, and S. Eggins. 2007. East African soil erosion recorded in a 300 year old coral colony from Kenya. Geophysical Research Letters 34. 2007 Kenya Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2007. Transportation: Qatar conducts reef restoration along three pipeline corridors. Oil and Gas Journal 105:66. 2007 Global; Qatar Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Mitigation; Pipelines; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Harvell, D., E. Jord�n-Dahlgren, S. Merkel, E. Rosenberg, L. Raymundo, G. Smith, E. Weil and B. Willis. 2007. Coral disease, environmental drivers, and the balance between coral and microbial associates. Oceanography 20:172-195. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Philippines; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ryan, D. A., B. P. Brooke, L. B. Collins, G. A. Kendrick, K. J. Baxter, A. N. Bickers, P. J. W. Siwabessy, and C. B. Pattiaratchi. 2007. The influence of geomorphology and sedimentary processes on shallow-water benthic habitat distribution: Esperance Bay, Western Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:379-386. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate
Cinner, J. E., S. G. Sutton, and T. G. Bond. 2007. Socioeconomic thresholds that affect use of customary fisheries management tools. Conservation Biology 21:1603-1611. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Dambacher, J. M., D. T. Brewer, D. M. Dennis, M. Macintyre, and S. Foale. 2007. Qualitative modelling of gold mine impacts on Lihir Island's socioeconomic system and reef-edge fish community. Environmental Science and Technology 41:555-562. 2007 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Sediment
De Santo, E. M. and P. J. S. Jones. 2007. Offshore marine conservation policies in the North East Atlantic: Emerging tensions and opportunities. Marine Policy 31:336-347. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Derse, E., K. L. Knee, S. D. Wankel, C. Kendall, C. J. Berg Jr., and A. Paytan. 2007. Identifying sources of nitrogen to Hanalei Bay, Kauai, utilizing the nitrogen isotope signature of macroalgae. Environmental Science and Technology 41:5217-5223. 2007 Algae; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Remediation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bannister, R. J., R. Brinkman, C. Wolff, C. Battershill, and R. De Nys. 2007. The distribution and abundance of dictyoceratid sponges in relation to hydrodynamic features: Identifying candidates and environmental conditions for sponge aquaculture. Marine and Freshwater Research 58:624-633. 2007 Australia Model Aquaculture; Sponges
Grech, A. and H. Marsh. 2007. Prioritising areas for dugong conservation in a marine protected area using a spatially explicit population model. Applied GIS 3. 2007 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas
Campbell, S. J., M. S. Pratchett, A. W. Anggoro, R. L. Ardiwijaya, N. Fadli, Y. Herdiana, T. Kartawijaya, D. Mahyiddin, A. Mukminin, S. T. Pardede, E. Rudi, A. M. Siregar, and A. H. Baird. 2007. Disturbance to coral reefs in Aceh, Northern Sumatra: Impacts of the Sumatra-Andaman tsunami and pre-tsunami degradation. Atoll Research Bulletin 55-78. 2007 Indonesia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Turf Algae
Spangenberg, J. H. 2007. Biodiversity pressure and the driving forces behind. Ecological Economics 61:146-158. 2007 Europe Mitigation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Greenwood, M. A. 2007. Watery laboratory whets interest. Photonics Spectra 41:148. 2007 Florida Lab Study Collaboration & Partnering; Sponges
Sanchiricho, J. N. and J. E. Wilen. 2007. Sustainable use of renewable resources: implications of spatial-dynamic ecological and economic processes. International review of Environmental and Resource Economics 1:367-405. 2007 Review; Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management
Christie, P. and A. T. White. 2007. Best practices for improved governance of coral reef marine protected areas. Coral Reefs 26:1047-1056. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas
Glaser, K. B. 2007. HDAC inhibitors: clinical update and mechanism-based potential. Biochemical Pharmacology 75:659-671. 2007 Pathogens; Special Use Permitting
Dray, A., P. Perez, C. Le Page, P. D'Aquino, and I. White. 2007. Who wants to terminate the game? The role of vested interests and metaplayers in the ATOLLGAME experience. Simulation and Gaming 38:494-511. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Model Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cinner, J. E. 2007. Designing marine reserves to reflect local socioeconomic conditions: Lessons from long-enduring customary management systems. Coral Reefs 26:1035-1045. 2007 Papua New Guinea Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Roebeling, P. C., C. S. Fletcher, D. W. Hilbert, and J. Udo. 2007. Welfare gains from urbanizing landscapes in Great Barrier Reef catchments? A spatial environmental-economic modelling approach. Pages 737-749 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2007 Australia Model Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Chapman, D. D., E. K. Pikitch, E. A. Babcock, and M. S. Shivji. 2007. Deep-diving and diel changes in vertical habitat use by Caribbean reef sharks Carcharhinus perezi. Marine Ecology Progress Series 344:271-275. 2007 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas
Chakalall, B., R. Mahon, P. McConney, L. Nurse, and D. Oderson. 2007. Governance of fisheries and other living marine resources in the Wider Caribbean. Fisheries Research 87:92-99. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Umezawa, Y., T. Miyajima, Y. Tanaka, I. Koike, and T. Hayashibara. 2007. Variation in internal δ15N and δ13C distributions and their bulk values in the brown macroalga Padina australis growing in subtropical oligotrophic waters. Journal of Phycology 43:437-448. 2007 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrients
Van Dongen-Vogels, V. and J. Mallefet. 2007. Fluorescent labelling of cultivated corals as a sustainable management tool in coral trade and reefs conservation. Mer 45:81-90. 2007 Cuba Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Knudby, A., E. LeDrew, and C. Newman. 2007. Progress in the use of remote sensing for coral reef biodiversity studies. Progress in Physical Geography 31:421-434. 2007 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Substrate
[No author name available]. 2007. Alien invaders - Nowhere to hide. Pages 31-33 MER - Marine Engineers Review. 2007 Review Ballast Discharge; Collaboration & Partnering; Cruise Ships
Erlandson, J. M., M. H. Graham, B. J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J. A. Estes, and R. S. Steneck. 2007. The kelp highway hypothesis: Marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2:161-174. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Leibowitz, S. G., P. J. Wigington, and M. C. Rains. 2007. The effects of non-navigable streams and adjacent wetlands on navigable waters: an approach for addressing information needs following the US Supreme Court's Rapanos and Carabell decisions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment [inpress]. 2007 Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Cheung, W. W. L., R. Watson, T. Morato, T. J. Pitcher, and D. Pauly. 2007. Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:12-Jan. 2007 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Alquezar, R. and W. Boyd. 2007. Development of rapid, cost effective coral survey techniques: Tools for management and conservation planning. Journal of Coastal Conservation 11:105-119. 2007 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Substrate
Starr, R. M., E. Sala, E. Ballesteros, and M. Zabala. 2007. Spatial dynamics of the Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus in a Caribbean atoll. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:239-249. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Bondarenko, O., S. Kininmonth, and M. Kingsford. 2007. Underwater sensor networks, oceanography and plankton assemblages. Pages 657-662 in Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, ISSNIP. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Plankton
Santos, M. N. and C. C. Monteiro. 2007. A fourteen-year overview of the fish assemblages and yield of the two oldest Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal). Hydrobiologia 580:225-231. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Mohamed, M. 2007. ECONOMIC VALUATION OF CORAL REEFS: A CASE STUDY OF THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF DHIGALI HAA, A MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN BAA ATOLL, MALDIVES. Masters Thesis. University of Canterbury, (Christchurch, New Zealand). 2007 Maldives Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Khristoforova, N. K., V. YA . Kavun, YU .Y A. Latypov, D. D. Tien, E. V. Zhuravel', and N. X. Tuyan. 2007. Heavy metals in mass species of bivalves in Ha Long Bay (South China Sea, Vietnam). Oceanology 47:685-690. 2007 China; Vietnam Field Study & Monitoring Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs
Coelho, V. R. and C. Manfrino. 2007. Coral community decline at a remote Caribbean island: Marine no-take reserves are not enough. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:666-685. 2007 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cayman Islands; Caribbean Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Brando, V. E. and S. R. Phinn. 2007. Coastal aquatic remote sensing applications for environmental monitoring and management. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Goodman, J. A. and S. L. Ustin. 2007. Classification of benthic composition in a coral reef environment using spectral unmixing. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Substrate
Seaman, W. 2007. Artificial habitats and the restoration of degraded marine ecosystems and fisheries. Hydrobiologia 580:143-155. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Cuba; Pacific Ocean; Japan; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Aldana Aranda, D. and M. Perez Perez. 2007. Abundance and distribution of Queen conch (Strombus gigas, Linne 1758) veligers of Alacranes reef, Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Shellfish Research 26:59-63. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Marine Protected Areas; Plankton; Snails & Conch
Henriksen, H. J., P. Rasmussen, G. Brandt, D. von Bulow, and F. V. Jensen. 2007. Public participation modelling using Bayesian Networks in management of groundwater contamination. Environmental Modelling & Software 22:1101-1113. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Chemical Use Regulations; Decision Support; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carpenter, L. W. and M. R. Patterson. 2007. Water flow influences the distribution of photosynthetic efficiency within colonies of the scleractinian coral Montastrea annularis (Ellis and Solander, 1786); implications for coral bleaching. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 351:26-Oct. 2007 Primary Production; Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pittman, S. J., C. Caldow, S. D. Hile, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Using seascape types to explain the spatial patterns of fish in the mangroves of SW Puerto Rico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348:273-284. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Oles, B. 2007. Transformations in the sociocultural values and meanings of reefs and resources on Mwoakilloa. Coral Reefs 26:971-981. 2007 Global; Micronesia Cultural Policies; Non-Monetary Valuation
Islam, A., L. Wang, C. Smith, S. Reddy, A. Lewis, and A. Smith. 2007. Evaluation of satellite remote sensing for operational monitoring of sediment plumes produced by dredging at Hay Point, Queensland, Australia. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Newman, C. M., A. J. Knudby, and E. F. Ledrew. 2007. Assessing the effect of management zonation on live coral cover using multi-date IKONOS satellite imagery. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1. 2007 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Kulbicki, M., S. Sarramegna, Y. Letourneur, L. Wantiez, R. Galzin, G. Mou-Tham, C. Chauvet, and P. Thollot. 2007. Opening of an MPA to fishing: Natural variations in the structure of a coral reef fish assemblage obscure changes due to fishing. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 353:145-163. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Reed, J. K., C. C. Koenig, and A. N. Shepard. 2007. Impacts of bottom trawling on a deep-water Oculina coral ecosystem off Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:481-496. 2007 Florida Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lund, K. and A. R. Wilbur. 2007. Habitat classification feasibility study for coastal and marine environments in Massachusetts. Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, Boston, MA. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Wetlands
Borges, R., R. Ben-Hamadou, M. A. Chicharo, P. Re, and E. J. Goncalves. 2007. Horizontal spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nearshore larval fish assemblages at a temperate rocky shore. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 71:412-428. 2007 Fish; Marine Protected Areas
David, G., J.-B. Herrenschmidt, E. Mirault and A. Thomassin. 2007. Social and economic values of Pacific coral reefs. Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific (CRISP) Component 1A, Project 1A4 Integrated Coastal Management (GERSA)., Noumea, New Caledonia. 2007 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Jamaica; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Meyer, C. G., K. N. Holland, and Y. P. Papastamatiou. 2007. Seasonal and diel movements of giant trevally Caranx ignobilis at remote Hawaiian atolls: Implications for the design of marine protected areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:13-25. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hall-Spencer, J. M., J. Pike, and C. B. Munn. 2007. Diseases affect cold-water corals too: Eunicella verrucosa (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) necrosis in SW England. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 76:87-97. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); England Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Octocoral; Pathogens
Roiser, S. and A. Pfeiffer. 2007. Configuration, build and distribution of LCG applications area software for the LHC experiments. Pages 1918-1922 in IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure
Wielgus, J., F. Ballantyne IV, E. Sala, and L. R. Gerber. 2007. Viability analysis of reef fish populations based on limited demographic information. Conservation Biology 21:447-454. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Jenkin, M., A. Hogue, A. Germam, S. Gill, A. Topol, and S. Wilson. 2007. Underwater surface recovery and segmentation. Pages 373-380 in Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics, ICCI 2007. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Hendee, J. C., L. Gramer, J. A. Kleypas, D. Manzello, M. Jankulak, and C. Langdon. 2007. The integrated coral observing network: Sensor solutions for sensitive sites. Pages 669-673 in Proceedings of the 2007 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, ISSNIP. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Walters, C. J. 2007. Is adaptive management helping to solve fisheries problems? Ambio 36:304-307. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector
Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, F. R. Gell, and C. Dytham. 2007. Effects of trap fishing on reef fish communities. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:111-132. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
De Pippo, T. and C. Petrosino. 2007. Innovative littoral preserving technologies within the European coastal management. Pages 253-258 in Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Advanced Technology in the Environmental Field, ATEF 2006. 2007 Europe Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Wetlands
NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring
Raymundo, L. J., A. P. Maypa, E. D. Gomez, and P. Cadiz. 2007. Can dynamite-blasted reefs recover? A novel, low-tech approach to stimulating natural recovery in fish and coral populations. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1009-1019. 2007 Southeast Asia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Kankara, R. S. and B. R. Subramanian. 2007. Oil spill sensitivity analysis and risk assessment for Gulf of Kachchh, India, using integrated modeling. Journal of Coastal Research 23:1251-1258. 2007 India Model; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills; Transportation Policies
Reichert, P., M. Borsuk, M. Hostmann, S. Schweizer, C. Sporri, K. Tockner, and B. Truffer. 2007. Concepts of decision support for river rehabilitation. Environmental Modelling & Software 22:188-201. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lirman, D. and P. Fong. 2007. Is proximity to land-based sources of coral stressors an appropriate measure of risk to coral reefs? An example from the Florida Reef Tract. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:779-791. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Thiel, M., E. C. Macaya, E. Acuna, W. E. Arntz, H. Bastias, K. Brokordt, P. A. Camus, J. C. Castilla, L. R. Castro, M. Cortes, C. P. Dumont, R. Escribano, M. Fernandez, J. A. Gajardo, C. F. Gaymer, I. Gomez, A. E. Gonzalez, H. E. Gonzalez, P. A. Haye, and J.-E. Illanes. 2007. The Humboldt Current System of northern and central Chile - Oceanographic processes, ecological interactions and socioeconomic feedback. Oceanography and Marine Biology 45:195-344. 2007 South & Central America Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Doyen, L., M. De Lara, J. Ferraris, and D. Pelletier. 2007. Sustainability of exploited marine ecosystems through protected areas: A viability model and a coral reef case study. Ecological Modelling 208:353-366. 2007 New Caledonia Model Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Kassahn, K. S., R. H. Crozier, A. C. Ward, G. Stone, and M. J. Caley. 2007. From transcriptome to biological function: Environmental stress in an ectothermic vertebrate, the coral reef fish Pomacentrus moluccensis. BMC Genomics 8. 2007 Fish; Special Use Permitting
Price, A. R. G., M. J. Keeling, and I. N. Stewart. 2007. A robustness metric integrating spatial and temporal information: Application to coral reefs exposed to local and regional disturbances. Marine Ecology Progress Series 331:101-108. 2007 Global; Indian Ocean; India; Thailand Index or Indicator Climate; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sea Temperatures; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Anderson, T. W., M. H. Carr, and M. A. Hixon. 2007. Patterns and mechanisms of variable settlement and recruitment of a coral reef damselfish, Chromis cyanea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350:109-116. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Bell, J. J. 2007. Contrasting patterns of species and functional composition of coral reef sponge assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 339:73-81. 2007 Indonesia Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Sponges
Mbui, J. M. 2007. Modelling ecological susceptibility of coral reefs to environmental stress using remote sensing, GIS, and in situ observations: a case study in the Western Indian Ocean. Masters Thesis. International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands. 2007 Global; Indian Ocean; India Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Light; Mitigation
Tupper, M. H. 2007. Spillover of commercially valuable reef fishes from marine protected areas in Guam, Micronesia. Fishery Bulletin 105:527-537. 2007 Micronesia; Guam Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Aswani, S., S. Albert, A. Sabetian, and T. Furusawa. 2007. Customary management as precautionary and adaptive principles for protecting coral reefs in Oceania. Coral Reefs 26:1009-1021. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Cardona, L., M. Sales, and D. Lopez. 2007. Changes in fish abundance do not cascade to sea urchins and erect algae in one of the most oligotrophic parts of the Mediterranean. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:273-282. 2007 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Edmunds, P. J. and R. Elahi. 2007. The demographics of a 15-year decline in cover of the Caribbean reef coral Montastraea annularis. Ecological Monographs 77:39525. 2007 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Model Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Simpson, B. W. 2007. Lessons for achieving effective management from field research on agrochemicals. Pages 338-359 in ACS Symposium Series. 2007 Australia; Mauritius Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kramer, K. L. and K. L. Heck Jr. 2007. Top-down trophic shifts in Florida Keys patch reef marine protected areas (Marine Ecology Progress Series (2007) 349, (111,123)). Marine Ecology Progress Series 352:310. 2007 Florida Marine Protected Areas
Monaco, M. E., A. M. Friedlander, C. Caldow, J. D. Christensen, C. Rogers, J. Beets, J. Miller, and R. Boulon. 2007. Characterising reef fish populations and habitats within and outside the US Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument: A lesson in marine protected area design. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14:33-40. 2007 US Virgin Islands Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Rudershausen, P. J., J. A. Buckel, and E. H. Williams. 2007. Discard composition and release fate in the snapper and grouper commercial hook-and-line fishery in North Carolina, USA. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14:103-113. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Toohey, B. D. and G. A. Kendrick. 2007. Survival of juvenile Ecklonia radiata sporophytes after canopy loss. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349:170-182. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Morrison, A. E. and T. L. Hunt. 2007. Human impacts on the nearshore environment: An archaeological case study from Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 61:325-345. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Molluscs
McClanahan, T. R. 2007. Testing for correspondence between coral reef invertebrate diversity and marine park designation on the Masoala Peninsula of eastern Madagascar. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:409-419. 2007 Indian Ocean; Madagascar; India Index or Indicator Marine Protected Areas; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Perkol-Finkel, S. and Y. Benayahu. 2007. Differential recruitment of benthic communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 340:25-39. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Octocoral; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Snow, N. 2007. Watching government: CFTC, FERC 'conflict' noted. Oil and Gas Journal 105:30. 2007 Iran Food & Energy Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Chapman, N. D., C. G. Moore, D. B. Harries, and A. R. Lyndon. 2007. Recruitment patterns of Serpula vermicularis L. (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) in Loch Creran, Scotland. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:598-606. 2007 Marine Worms; Remediation; Substrate
Little, L. R., A. E. Punt, B. D. Mapstone, F. Pantus, A. D. M. Smith, C. R. Davies, and A. D. McDonald. 2007. ELFSim-A model for evaluating management options for spatially structured reef fish populations: An illustration of the \larval subsidy\" effect". Ecological Modelling 205:381-396. 2007 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Vincent, A. C. J., J. J. Meeuwig, M. G. Pajaro, and N. C. Perante. 2007. Characterizing a small-scale, data-poor, artisanal fishery: Seahorses in the central Philippines. Fisheries Research 86:207-215. 2007 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Tazioli, S., M. Bo, M. Boyer, H. Rotinsulu, and G. Bavestrello. 2007. Ecological observations of some common antipatharian corals in the marine park of Bunaken (North Sulawesi, Indonesia). Zoological Studies 46:227-241. 2007 Indonesia Index or Indicator Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Terashima, H., M. Sato, H. Kawasaki, and D. Thiam. 2007. Quantitative biological assessment of a newly installed artificial reef in Yenne, Senegal. Zoological Studies 46:69-82. 2007 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Friedlander, A. M., E. Brown, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Defining reef fish habitat utilization patterns in Hawaii: Comparisons between marine protected areas and areas open to fishing. Marine Ecology Progress Series 351:221-233. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Mulhall, M. 2007. Saving rainforests of the sea: an analysis of international efforts to conserve coral reefs. Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 19:321-351. 2007 Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Ocean Acidity
Yang, S., L. Li, and C. Shi. 2007. Decision-making support system for vessel automatic anti-grounding and anti-reef. Pages 2356-2361 in International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2007, ICTE 2007. 2007 Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bromage, M., K. Obraczka, and D. Potts. 2007. SEA-LABS: A wireless sensor network for sustained monitoring of coral reefs. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 1132-1135. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Sherman, B. S., J. Brodie, L. Cogle, and C. Carroll. 2007. Appropriate use of catchment models for water-quality target setting and land-use management. IAHS-AISH Publication 239-250. 2007 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sediment
Pickering, T. D., P. Skelton, and R. J. Sulu. 2007. Intentional introductions of commercially harvested alien seaweeds. Botanica Marina 50:338-350. 2007 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Neigel, J., A. Domingo, and J. Stake. 2007. DNA barcoding as a tool for coral reef conservation. Coral Reefs 26:487-499. 2007 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2007. Drift rhodophyte blooms emerge in Lee County, Florida, USA: Evidence of escalating coastal eutrophication. Harmful Algae 6:421-437. 2007 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Ding, H., A. Ruijs, and E. C. van Ierland. 2007. Designing a Decision Support System for Marine Reserves Management: An Economic Analysis for the Dutch North Sea. FEEM Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Research Paper Series 23, Italy. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Fishing Sector
Tepedino, V. J., D. G. Alston, B. A. Bradley, T. R. Toler, and T. L. Griswold. 2007. Orchard pollination in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA. Honey bees or native bees? Biodiversity and Conservation 16:3083-3094. 2007
Schmitt, R. J. and S. J. Holbrook. 2007. The scale and cause of spatial heterogeneity in strength of temporal density dependence. Ecology 88:1241-1249. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Smajgl, A. and P. C. Gehrke. 2007. Integrating economic and ecological modelling in the great barrier reef catchments. IAHS-AISH Publication 107-115. 2007 Australia Model Agriculture; Climate; Funding & Incentives; Non-point Source Runoff
Rouphael, A. B. and M. Hanafy. 2007. An alternative management framework to limit the impact of SCUBA divers on coral assemblages. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 15:91-103. 2007 Cuba Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes
Juanes, F. 2007. Role of habitat in mediating mortality during the post-settlement transition phase of temperate marine fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 70:661-677. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Diedrich, A. 2007. The impacts of tourism on coral reef conservation awareness and support in coastal communities in Belize. Coral Reefs 26:985-996. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Ronnback, P., B. Crona, and L. Ingwall. 2007. The return of ecosystem goods and services in replanted mangrove forests: Perspectives from local communities in Kenya. Environmental Conservation 34:313-324. 2007 Kenya Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Valuation
Mellin, C., S. Andrefouet, and D. Ponton. 2007. Spatial predictability of juvenile fish species richness and abundance in a coral reef environment. Coral Reefs 26:895-907. 2007 New Caledonia Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Seagrasses
Pais, A., E. Azzurro, and P. Guidetti. 2007. Spatial variability of fish fauna in sheltered and exposed shallow rocky reefs from a recently established Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. Italian Journal of Zoology 74:277-287. 2007 Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Singh, H., C. Roman, O. Pizarro, R. Eustice, and A. Can. 2007. Towards high-resolution imaging from underwater vehicles. International Journal of Robotics Research 26:55-74. 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
White, S. 2007. Utilization of LIDAR and NOAA's vertical datum transformation tool (VDatum) for shoreline delineation. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Antona, M., G. David, and E. Mirault. 2007. Scientists dealing with stakeholders' demand for coral reef management indicators: Methodological approach and issues. International Journal of Sustainable Development 10:46-60. 2007 Index or Indicator
Wilson, A. 2007. Nonwoven support - From Boscombe Pier to Palm Jumeirah. Technical Textiles International 16:25-28. 2007 Global; United Arab Emirates; Europe Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Road Construction & Maintenance; Shoreline Protection
Vann, A. 2007. Marine protected areas (MPAs): federal legal authority. Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC. 2007 Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Gupta, L. P., A. Suzuki, and H. Kawahata. 2007. Endolithic aspartic acid as a proxy of fluctuations in coral growth. Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences 112. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Grasmueck, M., G. P. Eberli, T. B. S. Correa, D. A. Viggiano, J. Luo, G. J. Wyatt, J. K. Reed, A. E. Wright, and S. A. Pomponi. 2007. AUV-based environmental characterization of deepwater coral mounds in the straits of Florida. Pages 158-169 in Offshore Technology Conference, Proceedings. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Diaz, S., S. Lavorel, F. de Bello, F. Quetier, K. Grilgulis, and T. M. Robson. 2007. Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:20684-20689. 2007 Global Model Landscape Changes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vergano, L. and P. A. L. D. Nunes. 2007. Analysis and evaluation of ecosystem resilience: an economic perspective with an application to the Venice lagoon. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:3385-3408. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Military; Mitigation; Schools & Colleges
Meyer, C. G., W. C. Burgess, Y. P. Papastamatiou, and K. N. Holland. 2007. Use of an implanted sound recording device (Bioacoustic Probe) to document the acoustic environment of a blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus). Aquatic Living Resource 20:291-298. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Bosschieter, C. 2007. Environmental monitoring for the reconstruction of Vilufushi, Maldives. Terra et Aqua 109:14-22. 2007 Maldives Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Housing; Stony Coral; Valuation
Hwang, S. 2007. Page 111 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. St. Croix, USVI. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Drinking Water Supply; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Schools & Colleges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Elliott, M., D. Burdon, K. L. Hemingway, and S. E. Apitz. 2007. Estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystem restoration: Confusing management and science - A revision of concepts. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 74:349-366. 2007 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Remediation; Seagrasses
Jones, R. J. 2007. Chemical contamination of a coral reef by the grounding of a cruise ship in Bermuda. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:905-911. 2007 Bermuda Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cruise Ships; Remediation; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Toxics
Turner, R. A., A. Cakacaka, N. A. J. Graham, N. V. C. Polunin, M. S. Pratchett, S. M. Stead, and S. K. Wilson. 2007. Declining reliance on marine resources in remote South Pacific societies: Ecological versus socio-economic drivers. Coral Reefs 26:997-1008. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Climate; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Seijo, J. C. 2007. Considerations for management of metapopulations in small-scale fisheries of the Mesoamerican barrier reef ecosystem. Fisheries Research 87:86-91. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Monetary Valuation
Terrazas, M., M. Estrada, V. M. Lopez, A. Jardines, E. Diaz, and M. Fisher. 2007. Drilling with liner on horizontal oil wells. Pages 349-357 in SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Proceedings. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring
Celliers, L., B. Q. Mann, A. H. H. Macdonald, and M. H. Schleyer. 2007. A benthic survey of the rocky reefs off Pondoland, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 29:65-77. 2007 South Africa GIS & Maps Algae; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Williams, A. J., B. D. Mapstone, and C. R. Davies. 2007. Spatial and interannual patterns in growth of an exploited coral-reef fish. Journal of Fish Biology 71:970-992. 2007 Australia Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Zhang, Z., G. Li, L. Yang, and X. Ning. 2007. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by novel bioactive mineral carriers. Pages 394-399 in Battelle Press - 9th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium 2007. 2007 Lab Study Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Remediation
Caceres, T., J. A. Mesa, and F. A. Ortega. 2007. Locating waste pipelines to minimize their impact on marine environment. European Journal of Operational Research 179:1143-1159. 2007 Model Pipelines
Haapkyla, J., A. S. Seymour, J. Trebilco, and D. Smith. 2007. Coral disease prevalence and coral health in the Wakatobi Marine Park, south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87:403-414. 2007 Indonesia Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Callaghan, R. T. 2007. Prehistoric settlement patterns on St. Vincent, West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science 43:22-Nov. 2007 Antilles GIS & Maps
VanBeukering, P., W. Haider, M. Longland, H. Cesar, J. Sablan, S. Shjegstad, B. Beardmore, Y. Liu, and G. O. Garces. 2007. The economic value of Guam�s coral reefs. Technical Report No. 116, University of Guam Marine Laboratory. 2007 Guam Fish; Monetary Valuation; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Bryan, T. L. and A. Metaxas. 2007. Predicting suitable habitat for deep-water gorgonian corals on the Atlantic and Pacific Continental Margins of North America. Marine Ecology Progress Series 330:113-126. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Columbia Model; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Resource Use Management
Xu, D.-X. and G.-X. Zhang. 2007. Impact of human activities on coastal wetlands in China. Wetland Science 5:282-298. 2007 China Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Valentine-Rose, L. M., J. A. Cherry, J. J. Culp, K. E. Perez, J. B. Pollock, D. A. Arrington, and C. A. Layman. 2007. Floral and faunal differences between fragmented and unfragmented Bahamian tidal creeks. Wetlands 27:702-718. 2007 Bahamas Fish; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Lam, K., P. K. S. Shin, R. Bradbeer, K. K. K. Ku, P. Hodgson, and S. G. Cheung. 2007. Baseline data of subtropical coral communities in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, Hong Kong, obtained by an underwater remote operated vehicle (ROV). Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:107-112. 2007 Marine Protected Areas
Penin, L., M. Adjeroud, M. S. Pratchett, and T. P. Hughes. 2007. Spatial distribution of juvenile and adult corals around Moorea (French Polynesia): Implications for population regulation. Bulletin of Marine Science 80:379-389. 2007 Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Garpe, K. C. and M. C. Ohman. 2007. Non-random habitat use by coral reef fish recruits in Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania. African Journal of Marine Science 29:187-199. 2007 Global; Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Rule, M. J. and S. D. A. Smith. 2007. Depth-associated patterns in the development of benthic assemblages on artificial substrata deployed on shallow, subtropical reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 345:38-51. 2007 Australia Bivalves; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms
Gladstone, W. 2007. Requirements for marine protected areas to conserve the biodiversity of rocky reef fishes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:71-87. 2007 Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
De Camargo, J. M. R., T. C. M. De Araujo, M. Maida, and T. M. Ushizima. 2007. Morphology of the inner continental shelf adjacent to the City of Tamandare, south of Pernambuco - Brazil [Morfologia da plataforma continental interna adjacente ao municipio de tamandare, sul de pernambuco - Brasil]. Revista Brasileira de Geofisica 25:79-89. 2007 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Pears, R. J., J. H. Choat, B. D. Mapstone, and G. A. Begg. 2007. Reproductive biology of a large, aggregation-spawning serranid, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål): Management implications. Journal of Fish Biology 71:795-817. 2007 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
McCarthy, M., G. Henderson, and S. Batos. 2007. The heritage of the deep: Finding s/s Stefano. Nase More 54:233-238. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites
Ostrom, E., M. A. Janssen, and J. M. Anderies. 2007. Going beyond panaceas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:15176-15178. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Lin, H.-J., C.-Y. Wu, S.-J. Kao, W.-Y. Kao, and P.-J. Meng. 2007. Mapping anthropogenic nitrogen through point sources in coral reefs using δ15N in macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:95-109. 2007 Taiwan Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Tourism & Recreation
Mangi, S. C., C. M. Roberts, and L. D. Rodwell. 2007. Reef fisheries management in Kenya: Preliminary approach using the driver-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) scheme of indicators. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:463-480. 2007 Kenya Review; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Leujak, W. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2007. Visitor perceptions and the shifting social carrying capacity of South Sinai's coral reefs. Environmental Management 39:472-489. 2007 Egypt Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Tsounis, G., S. Rossi, J.-M. Gili, and W. E. Arntz. 2007. Red coral fishery at the costa brava (NW Mediterranean): Case study of an overharvested precious coral. Ecosystems 10:975-986. 2007 Cuba; Spain Review; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Special Use Permitting
Fishe, W. S., W. P. Davis, R. L. Quarles, J. Patrick, J. G. Campbell, P. S. Harris, B. L. Hemmer, and M. Parsons. 2007. Characterizing coral condition using estimates of three-dimensional colony surface area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 125:347-360. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Primary Production; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Tupper, M. 2007. Identification of nursery habitats for commercially valuable humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus and large groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) in Palau. Marine Ecology Progress Series 332:189-199. 2007 Palau Algae; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Schmidt, J. A., S. W. Ellsworth, R. A. Brooks, D. F. Bishop, M. G. Bisett, M. C. Aubele, and H. E. Watkins. 2007. Colonization and habitat use by marine fish and epifauna of the gulfstream pipeline habitat replacement structures. Pages 397-408 in Proceedings of the Biennial International Pipeline Conference, IPC. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sumaila, U.R., William W. L. Cheung and Louise The. 2007. Rebuilding Hong Kong's marine fisheries: an evaluation of management options. FCRR 2007, Vol. 15(3), Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. 2007 Columbia; China Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jones, A., S. J. Slade, A. J. Williams, B. D. Mapstone, and K. J. Kane. 2007. Pitfalls and benefits of involving industry in fisheries research: A case study of the live reef fish industry in Queensland, Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:428-442. 2007 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Froukh, T. and M. Kochzius. 2007. Genetic population structure of the endemic fourline wrasse (Larabicus quadrilineatus) suggests limited larval dispersal distances in the Red Sea. Molecular Ecology 16:1359-1367. 2007 Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Siciliano, D. and R. C. Olsen. 2007. Using high resolution multispectral imaging to map Pacific coral reefs in support of UNESCO's World Heritage Central Pacific project. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6749. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Kiribati Model; GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources
Nassiri, N. 2007. Industry news: Biocoral wins French patent after three years. Pages 7-Jun Biomedical Materials. 2007 France Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Svarstad, H., L. K. Petersen, D. Rothman, H. Siepel, and F. Watzold. 2007. Discursive biases of the environmental research framework DPSIR. Land Use Policy [inpress]. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Puverel, S., F. Houlbreque, E. Tambutte, D. Zoccola, P. Payan, N. Caminiti, S. Tambutte, and D. Allemand. 2007. Evidence of low molecular weight components in the organic matrix of the reef building coral, Stylophora pistillata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 147:850-856. 2007 Echinoderms; Molluscs; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Beaman, R. J. and P. T. Harris. 2007. Geophysical variables as predictors of megabenthos assemblages from the Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Special Paper - Geological Association of Canada 247-263. 2007 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Sediment; Substrate
Fisher, W.S. 2007. Stony soral rapid bioassessment protocol. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biocriteria; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Stony Coral; Valuation
Pittman, S. J., J. D. Christensen, C. Caldow, C. Menza, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Predictive mapping of fish species richness across shallow-water seascapes in the Caribbean. Ecological Modelling 204:9-21. 2007 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Huhnerbach, V., P. Blondel, V. A. I. Huvenne, and A. Freiwald. 2007. Habitat mapping of a cold-water coral reef off Norway: A comparison of visual and computer-assisted methods to interpret sidescan sonar data. Special Paper - Geological Association of Canada 297-308. 2007 Norway Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges
McLeod, I., T. D. Skewes, S. R. Gordon, and C. R. Pitcher. 2007. A method for seabed habitat mapping: Integrating acoustic information with biogeophysical observations: Case study - Scott Reef. Special Paper - Geological Association of Canada 309-317. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Philpott, S. L., J. W. C. James, C. V. L. Poulton, E. J. Bee, C. Graham, and L. Jones. 2007. The use of geological data in developing a framework for the mapping of marine habitats on a national scale in English waters. Special Paper - Geological Association of Canada 211-218. 2007 Europe GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
M. P. Weinstein, R. C. Baird, D. O. Conover, M. Gross, J. Keulartz, D. K. Loomis, Z. Naveh, S. B. Peterson, D. J. Reed, E. Roe, R. L. Swanson, J. A. A Swart, J. M. Teal, R. E. Turner, and H. J. van der Windt. 2007. Managing coastal resources in the 21st century. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5:43-48. 2007 Landuse Management; Mitigation
Santos, C. L. A., H. Vital, V. E. Amaro, and R. K. P. De Kikuchi. 2007. Mapping of the submerged reefs in the coast of the Rio Grande do Norte, near Brazil: Macau to Maracajau [Mapeamento de recifes submersos na costa do rio grande do norte, ne brasil: Macau a maracajau]. Revista Brasileira de Geofisica 25:27-36. 2007 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Tabosa, W. F., V. E. Amaro, and H. Vital. 2007. Analysis of the coastal and marine environment, based on remote sensing outcomes in the Sao Bento do Norte, NE Brazil [Analise do ambiente costeiro e marinho, a partir de produtos de sensoriamento remoto na região de são bento do norte, Ne Brasil]. Revista Brasileira de Geofisica 25:37-48. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Gines, A. and J. Gines. 2007. Eogenetic karst, glacioeustatic cave pools and anchialine environments on Mallorca Island: A discussion of coastal speleogenesis. Pages 57-67 in International Journal of Speleology. 2007 Cuba Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tribollet, A. D. and P. S. Vroom. 2007. Temporal and spatial comparison of the relative abundance of macroalgae across the Mariana Archipelago between 2003 and 2005. Phycologia 46:187-197. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Turf Algae
Richards, V. P., J. D. Thomas, M. J. Stanhope, and M. S. Shivji. 2007. Genetic connectivity in the Florida reef system: Comparative phylogeography of commensal invertebrates with contrasting reproductive strategies. Molecular Ecology 16:139-157. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; Belize Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Cinner, J. E. and S. Aswani. 2007. Integrating customary management into marine conservation. Biological Conservation 140:201-216. 2007 Review Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Guidetti, P. and E. Sala. 2007. Community-wide effects of marine reserves in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:43-56. 2007 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins
Lindholm, J., P. J. Auster, and A. Knight. 2007. Site fidelity and movement of adult Atlantic cod Gadus morhua at deep boulder reefs in the western Gulf of Maine, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 342:239-247. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Fish; Fishing Sector
Moore, S. A. and A. Polley. 2007. Defining indicators and standards for tourism impacts in protected areas: Cape Range National Park, Australia. Environmental Management 39:291-300. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Tourism & Recreation
Roman, G. S. J., P. Dearden, and R. Rollins. 2007. Application of zoning and \limits of acceptable change\" to manage snorkelling tourism". Environmental Management 39:819-830. 2007 Thailand Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Taylor, M. S. and L. Akins. 2007. Two new species of Elacatinus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Zootaxa 45-51. 2007 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Mexico Marine Protected Areas; Plankton
Richardson, K. E. 2007. Diving expedition medicine - The Coral Cay Conservation experience. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 37:189-197. 2007 Review Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Medical Care; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics
Beckman, R. C. 2007. PSSAs and transit passage - Australia's pilotage system in the Torres Strait challenges the IMO and UNCLOS. Ocean Development and International Law 38:325-357. 2007 Australia Special Use Permitting
Cappo, M., G. De'ath, and P. Speare. 2007. Inter-reef vertebrate communities of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park determined by baited remote underwater video stations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350:209-221. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Fenton, N., m. Neil, W. Marsh, P. Hearty, D. Marquez, P. Krause, and R. Mishra. 2007. Predicting software defects in varying development lifecycles using Bayesian nets. Information and Software Technology 49:32-43. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., G. Muller-Parker, C. B. Cook, R. D. Gates, E. Gladfelter, R. K. Trench, and V. M. Weis. 2007. Len Muscatine (1932-2007) and his contributions to the understanding of algal-invertebrate endosymbiosis. Coral Reefs 26:731-739. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Special Use Permitting
Tarrant, A. M. 2007. Hormonal signaling in cnidarians: Do we understand the pathways well enough to know whether they are being disrupted? Ecotoxicology 16:13-May. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Special Use Permitting
Wang, Y., M. L. Heron, A. Prytz, P. V. Ridd, C. R. Steinberg, and J. M. Hacker. 2007. Evaluation of a new airborne microwave remote sensing radiometer by measuring the salinity gradients across the shelf of the great barrier reef lagoon. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45:3701-3710. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity
Sutton, S. G. and S. L. Bushnell. 2007. Socio-economic aspects of artificial reefs: Considerations for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:829-846. 2007 Australia Review Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Bell, J. J. 2007. The use of volunteers for conducting sponge biodiversity assessments and monitoring using a morphological approach on Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:133-145. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sponges
Dobbs, K., L. Fernandes, S. Slegers, B. Jago, L. Thompson, J. Hall, J. Day, D. Cameron, J. Tanzer, F. MacDonald, and C. Lumpus. 2007. Incorporating marine turtle habitats into the marine protected area design for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland, Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 13:293-302. 2007 Australia Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles
The coral disease working group of the global environmental facility coral reef targeted research program. 2007. Coral disease, environmental drivers, and the balance between coral and microbial associates. Oceanography 20:172-195. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Philippines; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dodds, L. A., J. M. Roberts, A. C. Taylor, and F. Marubini. 2007. Metabolic tolerance of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) to temperature and dissolved oxygen change. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349:205-214. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Aburto-Oropeza, O., E. Sala, G. Paredes, A. Mendoza, and E. Ballesteros. 2007. Predictability of reef fish recruitment in a highly variable nursery habitat. Ecology 88:2220-2228. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Climate; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. 2007. Sediment Production From Natural And Disturbed Surfaces In Dry Tropical Areas Of La Parguera-Pr, 2003-2005. Pages 1-5 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies
Foret, S., K. S. Kassahn, L. C. Grasso, D. C. Hayward, A. Iguchi, E. E. Ball, and D. J. Miller. 2007. Genomic and microarray approaches to coral reef conservation biology. Coral Reefs 26:475-486. 2007 Pathogens; Stony Coral
Velez-Reyes, M., J. A. Goodman, S. Rosario, and A. M. Castrodad. 2007. Subsurface unmixing with application to underwater classification. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6743. 2007 Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Nassiri, N. 2007. Materials: Coral bone substitute proves able to heal bone fast and effectively. Pages 3-Jan Biomedical Materials. 2007 Europe; France Collaboration & Partnering; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Velez-Reyes, M., S. Rosario-Torres, J. A. Goodman, E. M. Alvira, and A. Castrodad. 2007. Hyperspectral image unmixing over benthic habitats. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6565. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Macia, S., M. P. Robinson, and A. Nalevanko. 2007. Experimental dispersal of recovering Diadema antillarum increases grazing intensity and reduces macroalgal abundance on a coral reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348:173-182. 2007 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Sea Urchins; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Pais, A., L. A. Chessa, S. Serra, A. Ruiu, G. Meloni, and Y. Donno. 2007. The impact of commercial and recreational harvesting for Paracentrotus lividus on shallow rocky reef sea urchin communities in North-western Sardinia, Italy. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:589-597. 2007 Europe Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Shears, N. T. 2007. Biogeography, community structure and biological habitat types of subtidal reefs on the South Island West Coast, New Zealand. Science for Conservation Jan-53. 2007 GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Sponges
Azzini, F., B. Calcinai, and M. Pansini. 2007. A new species of Coelocarteria (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87:1349-1353. 2007 Indonesia Marine Protected Areas; Sponges
Camilli, R., O. Pizarro, and L. Camilli. 2007. Rapid swath mapping of reef ecology and associated water column chemistry in the Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama; Pacific Ocean GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Primary Production
Johnson-Roberson, M., S. Kumar, and S. Willams. 2007. Segmentation and classification of coral for oceanographic surveys: A semi-supervised machine learning approach. in OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Woods, G. S., C. M. Palazzi, A. Kulessa, and D. L. Maskell. 2007. ReefGrid - A communication network on the great barrier reef. in OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Braybrook, P. J., R. Rogers, and S. Healy. 2007. Oceans acts and the false dichotomy between defence and environment. in OCEANS 2007 - Europe. 2007 Australia; Europe; United Kingdom Review Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation
Dunbabin, M. D. and S. S. Allen. 2007. Large-scale habitat mapping using vision-based AUVs: Experiences, challenges & vehicle design. in OCEANS 2007 - Europe. 2007 Europe Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Teh, L. S. L., D. Zeller, A. Cabanban, L. C. L. Teh, and U. R. Sumaila. 2007. Seasonality and historic trends in the reef fisheries of Pulau Banggi, Sabah, Malaysia. Coral Reefs 26:251-263. 2007 Malaysia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Malcolm, H. A., W. Gladstone, S. Lindfield, J. Wraith, and T. P. Lynch. 2007. Spatial and temporal variation in reef fish assemblages of marine parks in New South Wales, Australia - Baited video observations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350:277-290. 2007 Australia Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Thomas, F. R. 2007. The behavioral ecology of shellfish gathering in Western Kiribati, Micronesia 1: Prey choice. Human Ecology 35:179-194. 2007 Micronesia; Kiribati Model Invertebrates
Thanner, S. E., T. L. McIntosh, and S. M. Blair. 2006. Development of benthic and fish assemblages on artificial reef materials compared to adjacent natural reef assemblages in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:57-70. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Mitigation
Van Alstyne, K. L., P. Schupp, and M. Slattery. 2006. The distribution of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in tropical Pacific coral reef invertebrates. Coral Reefs 25:321-327. 2006 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Climate; Climate Regulation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Zooxanthellae
Pooley, S. G. and M. Pan. 2006. Economic research on the NWHI - A historical perspective. Atoll Research Bulletin 33-50. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Turton, A., C. Schultz, H. Buckle, M. Kgomongoe, T. Malungani, and M. Drackner. 2006. Gold, scorched earth and water: The hydropolitics of Johannesburg. International Journal of Water Resources Development 22:313-335. 2006 South Africa Housing; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water
Dykes, A. P. and J. Gunn. 2006. Hoga island, Sulawesi, Indonesia: Geomorphology and groundwater resources of a small tropical carbonate island. Cave and Karst Science 33:21-28. 2006 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Rigby, J. K. and G. L. Bell Jr. 2006. Sponges from the Reef Trail Member of the Upper Guadalupian (Permian) Bell Canyon Formation, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 80:Jan-42. 2006 Sponges
Ashby, M. F. 2006. The properties of foams and lattices. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364:15-30. 2006 Model Energy Policy & Development; Sponges
Rahman, M. A., Y. Isa, and T. Uehara. 2006. Studies on two closely related species of octocorallians: Biochemical and molecular characteristics of the organic matrices of endoskeletal sclerites. Marine Biotechnology 8:415-424. 2006 Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Gomez, E. D. and S. S. Mingoa-Licuanan. 2006. Achievements and lessons learned in restocking giant clams in the Philippines. Fisheries Research 80:46-52. 2006 Philippines Aquarium & Pet Trade; Bivalves; Collaboration & Partnering
Park, Y.-J., J.-G. Park, S.-J. Kim, Y.-D. Lee, MD .S . Rahman, and A. Takemura. 2006. Melatonin receptor of a reef fish with lunar-related rhythmicity: Cloning and daily variations. Journal of Pineal Research 41:166-174. 2006 Fish; Special Use Permitting
Daley, B. and P. Griggs. 2006. Mining the reefs and cays: Coral, guano and rock phosphate extraction in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 1844-1940. Environment and History 12:395-433. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mining Policies; Scientific Research
Wilkinson, C., A. Caillaud, L. DeVantier, and R. South. 2006. Strategies to reverse the decline in valuable and diverse coral reefs, mangroves and fisheries: The bottom of the J-Curve in Southeast Asia? Ocean and Coastal Management 49:764-778. 2006 Global; Southeast Asia Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Vize, P. D. 2006. Deepwater broadcast spawning by Montastraea cavernosa, Montastraea franksi, and Diploria strigosa at the Flower Garden Banks, Gulf of Mexico. Coral Reefs 25:169-171. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Beaver, C. R., W. C. Jaap, M. K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Slade, S. Kupfner, S. Wade, J. W. Porter, K. Sutherland, C. Torres, C. Tsokos, and G. Yanev. 2006. U.S. EPA / FKNMS coral reef evaluation and monitoring project. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Pathogens; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Voss, J. D. and L. L. Richardson. 2006. Nutrient enrichment enhances black band disease progression in corals. Coral Reefs 25:569-576. 2006 Lab Study Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Roberts, D. E., S. P. Cummins, A. R. Davis, and M. G. Chapman. 2006. Structure and dynamics of sponge-dominated assemblages on exposed and sheltered temperate reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 321:19-30. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Sponges
Ritchie, K. B. 2006. Regulation of microbial populations by coral surface mucus and mucus-associated bacteria. Marine Ecology Progress Series 322:14-Jan. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Invasive Species; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Day-Lewis, F. D., E. A. White, C. D. Johnson, J. W. Lane, and M. Belaval. 2006. Continuous resistivity profiling to delineate submarine groundwater discharge - Examples and limitations. Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) 25:724-728. 2006 Discharges; Nutrients; Resource Use Management; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chimner, R. A., B. Fry, M. Y. Kaneshiro, and N. Cormier. 2006. Current extent and historical expansion of introduced mangroves on O'ahu, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 60:377-383. 2006 GIS & Maps Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Coles, S. L., F. L. M. Kandel, P. A. Reath, K. Longenecker, and L. G. Eldredge. 2006. Rapid assessment of nonindigenous marine species on coral reefs in the main Hawaiian islands. Pacific Science 60:483-507. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study; Model Algae; Invasive Species; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bigot, L., C. Conand, J. M. Amouroux, P. Frouin, H. Bruggemann, and A. Gremare. 2006. Effects of industrial outfalls on tropical macrobenthic sediment communities in Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean). Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:865-880. 2006 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Hawgood, B. J. 2006. The marine biologist-Bob Endean. Toxicon 48:768-779. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Snails & Conch
Grasmueck, M., G. P. Eberli, D. A. Viggiano, T. Correa, G. Rathwell, and J. Luo. 2006. Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) mapping reveals coral mound distribution, morphology, and oceanography in deep water of the Straits of Florida. Geophysical Research Letters 33. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Balaram, V., M. L. Patil, A. K. Agrawal, D. V. Subba Rao, S. N. Charan, M. Satyanarayanan, R. Mathur, K. Kapilavastu, D. S. Sarma, M. Sankara Gowda, S. L. Ramesh, P. Sangurmath, K. V. Anjaiah, B. Dasaram, R. K. Saxena, and Z. Begum. 2006. Preparation and certification of high-grade gold geochemical reference material. Accreditation and Quality Assurance 11:329-335. 2006 Tanzania; India; China Lab Study Collaboration & Partnering; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Kayanne, H., H. Iijima, N. Nakamura, T. R. McClanahan, S. Behera, and T. Yamagata. 2006. Indian ocean dipole index recorded in Kenyan coral annual density bands. Geophysical Research Letters 33. 2006 Global; Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Index or Indicator Climate; Marine Protected Areas
Heemstra, P. C., H. Fricke, K. Hissmann, J. Schauer, M. Smale, and K. Sink. 2006. Interactions of fishes with particular reference to coelacanths in the canyons at Sodwana Bay and the St Lucia Marine Protected Area of South Africa. South African Journal of Science 102:461-465. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Comoros; South Africa Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Ando, A. W. and M. Getzner. 2006. The roles of ownership, ecology, and economics in public wetland-conservation decisions. Ecological Economics 58:287-303. 2006 Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Political Pressure; Wetlands
Santavy, D.L., J. Campbell, R.L. Quarles, J.M. Patrick, L.M. Harwell, M. Parsons, L. MacLaughlin, J. Halas, E. Mueller, E.C. Peters, and J. Hawkridge. 2006. The Epizootiology of Coral Diseases in South Florida. EPA/600/R-05/146, US Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, (Florida, USA). 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Collaboration & Partnering; Octocoral; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Watanuki, N. and B. J. Gonzales. 2006. The potential of artificial reefs as fisheries management tools in developing countries. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:19-Sep. 2006 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Floeter, S. R., B. S. Halpern, and C. E. L. Ferreira. 2006. Effects of fishing and protection on Brazilian reef fishes. Biological Conservation 128:391-402. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Kutser, T., I. Miller, and D. L. B. Jupp. 2006. Mapping coral reef benthic substrates using hyperspectral space-borne images and spectral libraries. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 70:449-460. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sudmeier-Rieux, K., H. Masundire, A. Rizvi, and S. Rietbergen, editors. 2006. Ecosystems, livelihoods and disasters: an integrated approach to disaster risk management. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gl�nd (Switzerland) & Cambridge (UK). 2006 Mangroves; Shoreline Protection
Goodman, J. A., M. Velez-Reyes, S. Hunt, and R. Armstrong. 2006. Development of a field test environment for the validation of coastal remote sensing algorithms: Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6360. 2006 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Grimaccia, F., A. Gandelli, R. W. Johnstone, T. Chiffings, and R. E. Zich. 2006. Smart integrated sensor networks for the marine environment. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6035. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Substrate
Worm, B., E. B. Barbier, N. Beaumont, J. E. Duffy, C. Folke, B. S. Halpern, J. B. C. Jackson, H. K. Lotze, F. Micheli, S. R. Palumbi, E. Sala, K. A. Selkoe, J. J. Stachowicz, and R. Watson. 2006. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314:787-790. 2006 Global Fishing Sector
CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Collaboration & Partnering; Military
Burridge, C. Y., C. R. Pitcher, B. J. Hill, T. J. Wassenberg, and I. R. Poiner. 2006. A comparison of demersal communities in an area closed to trawling with those in adjacent areas open to trawling: A study in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Fisheries Research 79:64-74. 2006 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lan, C.-H. and C.-Y. Hsui. 2006. The deployment of artificial reef ecosystem: Modelling, simulation and application. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 14:663-675. 2006 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Waste Management Policies
van Dongen-Vogels, V. and J. Mallefet. 2006. Fragment growth-rates of six cultivated coral species: A reference framework for coral transplantation. Mer 44:99-107. 2006 Stony Coral
Pears, R. J., J. H. Choat, B. D. Mapstone, and G. A. Begg. 2006. Demography of a large grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, from Australia's Great Barrier Reef: Implications for fishery management. Marine Ecology Progress Series 307:259-272. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Live Collection; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Mumby, P. J. 2006. Connectivity of reef fish between mangroves and coral reefs: algorithms for the design of marine reserves at seascape scales. Biological Conservation 128:215-222. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Davidson, E. H. and D. H. Erwin. 2006. Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans. Science 311:796-800. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Garla, R. C., D. D. Chapman, M. S. Shivji, B. M. Wetherbee, and A. F. Amorim. 2006. Habitat of juvenile Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, at two oceanic insular marine protected areas in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Fisheries Research 81:236-241. 2006 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Folke, C. 2006. Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change 16:253-267. 2006 Model
Hudson, J. H. and E. C. Franklin. 2006. Structural stabilization of a large Montastrea faveolata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) colony damaged by vessel impact. Caribbean Journal of Science 42:252-254. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Stony Coral
Thapa, B., A. R. Graefe, and L. A. Meyer. 2006. Specialization and marine based environmental behaviors among SCUBA divers. Journal of Leisure Research 38:601-615. 2006 Florida; Cuba Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Schneider, K. and J. Erez. 2006. The effect of carbonate chemistry on calcification and photosynthesis in the hermatypic coral Acropora eurystoma. Limnology and Oceanography 51:1284-1293. 2006 Lab Study CO2; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Ranasinghe, R., I. L. Turner, and G. Symonds. 2006. Shoreline response to multi-functional artificial surfing reefs: A numerical and physical modelling study. Coastal Engineering 53:589-611. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Shoreline Protection
Field, S. F., M. Y. Bulina, I. V. Kelmanson, J. P. Bielawski, and M. V. Matz. 2006. Adaptive evolution of multicolored fluorescent proteins in reef-building corals. Journal of Molecular Evolution 62:332-339. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
J. Parra, G., R. Schick, and P. J. Corkeron. 2006. Spatial distribution and environmental correlates of Australian snubfin and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Ecography 29:396-406. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Mangi, S. C. and C. M. Roberts. 2006. Quantifying the environmental impacts of artisanal fishing gear on Kenya's coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:1646-1660. 2006 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Physical Damage; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Silvano, R. A. M., P. F. L. MacCord, R. V. Lima, and A. Begossi. 2006. When does this fish spawn? Fishermen's local knowledge of migration and reproduction of Brazilian coastal fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 76:371-386. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bortone, S. A. 2006. A perspective of artificial reef research: The past, present, and future. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:8-Jan. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Kuster, C., V. C. Vuki, and L. P. Zann. 2006. Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: A Fijian case study. Fisheries Management and Ecology 13:177-184. 2006 Fiji Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Invertebrates
Santos, M. N., P. G. Lino, P. Pousao-Ferreira, and C. C. Monteiro. 2006. Preliminary results of hatchery-reared seabreams released at artificial reefs off the algarve coast (Southern Portugal): A pilot study. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:177-184. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Toller, W. 2006. An investigation of anchor damage to the Frederiksted Reef System: Impacts to substrate, benthic communities, and reef fish assemblages. Disivision of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Frederiksted, USVI. 2006 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate; Turf Algae
Campbell, G. 2006. High resolution aeromagnetic mapping of \loss-of-ground\" features at platinum and coal mines in South Africa". South African Journal of Geology 109:439-458. 2006 South Africa Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coal Mining; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Johnson, J. and J. P. Grotzinger. 2006. Affect of sedimentation on stromatolite reef growth and morphology, Ediacaran Omkyk Member (Nama Group), Namibia. South African Journal of Geology 109:87-96. 2006 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dulvy, N. K. 2006. Conservation Biology: Strict Marine Protected Areas Prevent Reef Shark Declines. Current Biology 16. 2006 Apex Fish Predators; Marine Protected Areas
Galindo, H. M., D. B. Olson, and S. R. Palumbi. 2006. Seascape Genetics: A Coupled Oceanographic-Genetic Model Predicts Population Structure of Caribbean Corals. Current Biology 16:1622-1626. 2006 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
McClanahan, T. R., M. J. Marnane, J. E. Cinner, and W. E. Kiene. 2006. A Comparison of Marine Protected Areas and Alternative Approaches to Coral-Reef Management. Current Biology 16:1408-1413. 2006 Oman; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas
Pearn, J. and P. Fenner. 2006. The Jellyfish hunter-Jack Barnes: A pioneer medical toxinologist in Australia. Toxicon 48:762-767. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Invertebrates; Medical Care; Military
Hewins, M. R. and C. T. Perry. 2006. Bathymetric and environmentally influenced patterns of carbonate sediment accumulation in three contrasting reef settings, Danjugan Island, Philippines. Journal of Coastal Research 22:812-824. 2006 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Hilbert, K. W. 2006. Land cover change within the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve: 1974-2001. Journal of Coastal Research 22:1552-1557. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Remote Sensing Landscape Changes; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Reed, J. K., D. C. Weaver, and S. A. Pomponi. 2006. Habitat and fauna of deep-water Lophelia pertusa coral reefs off the southeastern U.S.: Blake Plateau, Straits of Florida, and Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:343-375. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico GIS & Maps Biomedical Research Policies; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Kadison, E., R. S. Nemeth, S. Herzlieb, and J. Blondeau. 2006. Temporal and spatial dynamics of Lutjanus cyanopterus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) and L. jocu spawning aggregations in the United States Virgin Islands. Revista de Biologia Tropical 54:69-78. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Lang, J. C. and R. N. Ginsburg. 2006. A vision for regular, rapid assessments of the tropical northwestern Atlantic's coral reefs. Revista de Biologia Tropical 54:23-29. 2006 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Collaboration & Partnering; Fish
Mellin, C., J. Ferraris, R. Galzin, M. Kulbicki, D. Ponton. 2006. Diversity of coral reef fish assemblages: Modelling of the species richness spectra from multi-scale environmental variables in the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia). Ecological Modelling 198:409-425. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Kelley, C. and W. Ikehara. 2006. The impacts of bottomfishing on Raita and West St. Rogatien Banks in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 305-317. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cervino, J. M., K. Winiarski-Cervino, S. W. Polson, T. Goreau, and G. W. Smith. 2006. Identification of bacteria associated with a disease affecting the marine sponge Ianthella basta in New Britian, Papua New Guinea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 324:139-150. 2006 Papua New Guinea; Britain Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sponges
Kelley, C., R. Moffitt, and J. R. Smith. 2006. Mega- to micro-scale classification and description of bottomfish essential fish habitat on four banks in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 319-332. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate; Tunicates
Kolinski, S. P., R. K. Hoeke, S. R. Holzwarth, L. I. Ilo, E. F. Cox, R. C. O'Conner, and P. S. Vroom. 2006. Nearshore distribution and an abundance estimate for green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, at Rota Island, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Pacific Science 60:509-522. 2006 Northern Mariana Islands Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sea Turtles
Munday, P. L., A. M. Cardoni, and C. Syms. 2006. Cooperative growth regulation in coral-dwelling fishes. Biology Letters 2:355-358. 2006 Fish; Special Use Permitting
Ahmed, A. F., Y.-T. Hsieh, Z.-H. Wen, Y.-C. Wu, and J.-H. Sheu. 2006. Polyoxygenated sterols from the formosan soft coral Sinularia gibberosa. Journal of Natural Products 69:1275-1279. 2006 Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
[No author name available]. 2006. The further adventures of. Pages 44-47 Dredging and Port Construction. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Coal Mining; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Morgan, S. K. and S. A. Lourie. 2006. Threatened fishes of the world: Hippocampus comes cantor 1850 (Syngnathidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 75:311-313. 2006 Global; Thailand; Malaysia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Kalker, T. 2006. On interoperability of DRM. Pages 45-46 in Proceedings of the ACM Workshop On Digital Rights Management, DRM'06. Co-located with the 13th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, CCS'06. 2006 Europe Model Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Special Use Permitting
Gilbert, A., S. Andrefouet, L. Yan, and G. Remoissenet. 2006. The giant clam Tridacna maxima communities of three French Polynesia islands: comparison of their population sizes and structures at early stages of their exploitation. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63:1573-1589. 2006 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Cinner, J. E. and T. R. McClanahan. 2006. Socioeconomic factors that lead to overfishing in small-scale coral reef fisheries of Papua New Guinea. Environmental Conservation 33:73-80. 2006 Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Muller, J., R. A. J. Wust, and P. J. Hearty. 2006. Sediment transport along an artificial shoreline: \The Strand\", Townsville, NE-Queensland, Australia". Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 66:204-210. 2006 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Lemon, N., M. Alimchandani, and W. Hoban. 2006. LADS passage and fairway channel. Hydro International 10:27-29. 2006 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Brunnschweiler, J. M. and J. L. Earle. 2006. A contribution to marine life conservation efforts in the South Pacific: The Shark Reef Marine Reserve, Fiji. Cybium 30:133-139. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Model Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Rodriguez-Lanetty, M., W. S. Phillips, and V. M. Weis. 2006. Transcriptome analysis of a cnidarian - Dinoflagellate mutualism reveals complex modulation of host gene expression. BMC Genomics 7. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
Lindberg, W. J., T. K. Frazer, K. M. Portier, F. Vose, J. Loftin, D. J. Murie, D. M. Mason, B. Nagy, and M. K. Hart. 2006. Density-dependent habitat selection and performance by a large mobile reef fish. Ecological Applications 16:731-746. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Berman, D. J. 2006. Recycling from rhodes to reefs. Public Roads 70. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Solid Waste Disposal
Pereira, H. M. and H. David Cooper. 2006. Towards the global monitoring of biodiversity change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21:123-129. 2006 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Wetlands
Hale, M. E., R. D. Day, D. H. Thorsen, and M. W. Westneat. 2006. Pectoral fin coordination and gait transitions in steadily swimming juvenile reef fishes. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:3708-3718. 2006 Corallivorous Fish; Energy Policy & Development; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
McLeod, E. and R. V. Salm. 2006. Managing mangroves for resilience to climate change. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 2006 Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Burke, L. and Z. Sugg. 2006. Hydrologic Modeling of Watersheds Discharging Adjacent to the Mesoamerican Reef. World Resource Institute. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kelley Hart. 2006. The upper Neuse Clean Water Iniative Conservation Plan. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Improved Technology; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Utilities Policies
Averbukh, B. M. and S. A. Aliyeva. 2006. Commercial oil and gas potential of the Northern Caspian shelf. Geologiya Nefti i Gaza 1:18-24. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Landuse Management; Sediment
Williams, I. D., W. J. Walsh, A. Miyasaka, and A. M. Friedlander. 2006. Effects of rotational closure on coral reef fishes in Waikiki-Diamond Head Fishery Management Area, Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Ecology Progress Series 310:139-149. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dove, S., J. C. Ortiz, S. Enriquez, M. Fine, P. Fisher, R. Iglesias-Prieto, D. Thornhill, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2006. Response of holosymbiont pigments from the scleractinian coral Montipora monasteriata to short-term heat stress. Limnology and Oceanography 51:1149-1158. 2006 Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Weight, A. 2006. The potential development of the Newquay Surf Reef. Pages 74-88 in International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Weil, E. 2006. Diversity and relative abundance of corals, octocorals and sponges at Jaragua National Park, Dominican Republic [Diversidad y abundancia relativa de corales, octocorales y esponjas en el Parque Nacional Jaragua, Republica Dominicana.]. Revista de biología tropical 54:423-443. 2006 South & Central America; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Davies, S. P. and S. K. Jackson. 2006. The biological condtion gradient: a descriptive model for interpreting change in aquatic ecosystems. Ecological Applications 16:1251-1266. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Invertebrates
Menza, C., J. Ault, J. Beets, J. Bohnsack, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, A. Friedlander, C. Jeffrey, M. Kendall, J. Luo, M. Monaco, S. Smith, and K. Woody. 2006. A guide to monitoring reef fish in the National Park Service�s South Florida/Caribbean Network. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 39. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Beecham, B. 2006. 'Eclipse' - A New Wave dive catamaran for the Great Barrier Reef. Work Boat World 25:30. 2006 Australia Collaboration & Partnering
Martin, C., H. G. Deters, and T. W. Nattkemper. 2006. Fusing biomedical multi-modal data for exploratory data analysis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 798-807. 2006 GIS & Maps Biomedical Research Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mora, C., S. Andrefouet, M. J. Costello, C. Kranenburg, A. Rollo, J. Veron, K. J. Gaston, and R. A. Myers. 2006. Coral reefs and the global network of marine protected areas. Science 312:1750-1751. 2006 Global Marine Protected Areas
Foale, S. 2006. The intersection of scientific and indigenous ecological knowledge in coastal Melanesia: Implications for contemporary marine resource management. International Social Science Journal 58:129-137. 2006 Fish; Resource Use Management
Hviding, E. 2006. Knowing and managing biodiversity in the Pacific Islands: Challenges of environmentalism in Marovo Lagoon. International Social Science Journal 58:69-85. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Solomon Islands Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
United Nations Environment Program - World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC). 2006. In the front line: shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Mexico Climate; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Garla, R. C., D. D. Chapman, B. M. Wetherbee, and M. Shivji. 2006. Movement patterns of young Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil: The potential of marine protected areas for conservation of a nursery ground. Marine Biology 149:189-199. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Apex Fish Predators; Marine Protected Areas
Roelfsema, C. M., S. R. Phinn, W. C. Dennison, A. G. Dekker, and V. E. Brando. 2006. Monitoring toxic cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula (Gomont) in Moreton Bay, Australia by integrating satellite image data and field mapping. Harmful Algae 5:45-56. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Cyanobacteria; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate
Mumby, P. J., C. P. Dahlgren, A. R. Harborne, C. V. Kappel, F. Micheli, D. R. Brumbaugh, K. E. Holmes, J. M. Mendes, K. Broad, J. N. Sanchirico, K. Buch, S. Box, R. W. Stoffle, and A. B. Gill. 2006. Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs. Science 311:98-101. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, F. Micheli, C. T. Perry, C. P. Dahlgren, K. E. Holmes, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2006. The functional value of Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove habitats to ecosystem processes. Advances in Marine Biology 50:57-189. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Mitigation; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2006. Birding in the United States: a demographic and economic analysis. Addendum to the 2006 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation. Report 2006-4. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Davenport, J. and J. L. Davenport. 2006. The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 67:280-292. 2006 Cuba Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Invasive Species; Land & Air Transportation; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Grimsditch, G. D. and R. V. Salm. 2006. Coral reef resilience and resistance to bleaching. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Zooxanthellae
Mous, P. J., Y. Sadovy, A. Halim, and J. S. Pet. 2006. Capture for culture: Artificial shelters for grouper collection in SE Asia. Fish and Fisheries 7:58-72. 2006 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
World Resource Institute. 2006. Value of coral reefs in Caribbean islands: draft economic valuation methodology. 2006 South & Central America; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Caribbean Review; GIS & Maps Cruise Ships; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Gravel, M., R. Vago, and M. Tabrizian. 2006. Use of natural coralline biomaterials as reinforcing and gas-forming agent for developing novel hybrid biomatrices: Microarchitectural and mechanical studies. Tissue Engineering 12:589-600. 2006 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Falace, A., E. Zanelli, and G. Bressan. 2006. Algal transplantation as a potential tool for artificial reef management and environmental mitigation. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:161-166. 2006 Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Mitigation
Dirhamsyah, D. 2006. Indonesian legislative framework for coastal resources management: A critical review and recommendation. Ocean and Coastal Management 49:68-92. 2006 Indonesia Review Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Mishra, D., S. Narumalani, D. Rundquist, and M. Lawson. 2006. Benthic habitat mapping in tropical marine environments using quickbird multispectral data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 72:1037-1048. 2006 Honduras Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Chen, P. 2006. Evaluation on service value of wetland ecosystem in Xiamen City. Wetland Science 4:101-107. 2006 Global; China GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Lan, Z.-H., Y. Liao, Y.-Z. Xiao, and G.-Z. Chen. 2006. Degradation and conservation of coastal wetlands in South China Sea. Wetland Science 4:204-209. 2006 Global; China Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Blyth-Skyrme, R. E., M. J. Kaiser, J. G. Hiddink, G. Edwards-Jones, and P. J. B. Hart. 2006. Conservation benefits of temperate marine protected areas: Variation among fish species. Conservation Biology 20:811-820. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing
Costa Jr., O. S., M. J. Attrill, and M. Nimmo. 2006. Seasonal and spatial controls on the delivery of excess nutrients to nearshore and offshore coral reefs of Brazil. Journal of Marine Systems 60:63-74. 2006 Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Crueger, T., H. Kuhnert, J. Patzold, and E. Zorita. 2006. Calibrations of Bermuda corals against large-scale sea surface temperature and sea level pressure pattern time series and implications for climate reconstructions. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 111. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hyland, J., C. Cooksey, W. L. Balthis, M. Fulton, D. Bearden, G. McFall, and M. Kendall. 2006. The soft-bottom macrobenthos of Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and nearby shelf waters off the coast of Georgia, USA. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 330:307-326. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Toxics
Han, Q., X. Huang, P. Shi, and Q. Zhang. 2006. Coastal wetland in South China: Degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures. Chinese Science Bulletin 51:121-128. 2006 China Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Scientific Research; Wetlands
Huang, H., J. Lian, X. Huang, L. Huang, R. Zou, and D. Wang. 2006. Coral cover as a proxy of disturbance: A case study of the biodiversity of the hermatypic corals in Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin 51:129-135. 2006 China Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Howell, B. and S. Wood. 2006. Kamikaze: Investigational autonomous underwater vehicle for collaborative research and undergraduate education and training. in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings. 2006 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering
Groeneveld, O. L. 2006. The mine manager's toolkit. Pages 5-Mar in Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series. 2006 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Manufacturing & Trade; Mining Policies; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Pante, E., M. Adjeroud, P. Dustan, L. Penin, and M. Schrimm. 2006. Spatial patterns of benthic invertebrate assemblages within atoll lagoons: Importance of habitat heterogeneity and considerations for marine protected area design in French Polynesia. Aquatic Living Resource 19:207-217. 2006 Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Marine Protected Areas; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Wilhelmsson, D., T. Malm, and M. C. Ohman. 2006. The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63:775-784. 2006 Europe Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Mann, B. Q., L. Celliers, S. T. Fennessy, S. Bailey, and A. D. Wood. 2006. Towards the declaration of a large marine protected area: A subtidal ichthyofaunal survey of the Pondoland coast in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 28:535-551. 2006 South Africa Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shrestha, S. and S. K. Deo. 2006. Anthozoa red fluorescent protein in biosensing. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 386:515-524. 2006 Biomedical Research Policies; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Restrepo, J. D., P. Zapata, J. M. Diaz, J. Garzon-Ferreira, and C. B. Garcia. 2006. Fluvial fluxes into the Caribbean Sea and their impact on coastal ecosystems: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Global and Planetary Change 50:33-49. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bevilacqua, S., A. Terlizzi, S. Fraschetti, G. F. Russo, and F. Boero. 2006. Mitigating human disturbance: Can protection influence trajectories of recovery in benthic assemblages? Journal of Animal Ecology 75:908-920. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation
Einbinder, S., A. Perelberg, O. Ben-Shaprut, M. H. Foucart, and N. Shashar. 2006. Effects of artificial reefs on fish grazing in their vicinity: Evidence from algae presentation experiments. Marine Environmental Research 61:110-119. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Winters, G., Y. Loya, and S. Beer. 2006. In situ measured seasonal variations in Fv/Fm of two common Red Sea corals. Coral Reefs 25:593-598. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral
Kirkman, H. 2006. The east Asian seas UNEP regional seas programme. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 6:305-316. 2006 Global; China Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Lan, C.-H. and C.-Y. Hsui. 2006. Insight from complexity: A new approach to designing the deployment of artificial reef communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:21-28. 2006 Model Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Cinner, J., M. J. Marnane, T. R. McClanahan, and G. R. Almany. 2006. Periodic closures as adaptive coral reef management in the Indo-Pacific. Ecology and Society 11. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Alcala, A. C. and G. R. Russ. 2006. No-take marine reserves and reef fisheries management in the Philippines: A new people power revolution. Ambio 35:245-254. 2006 Oman; Philippines Model Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Harding, S., J. Comley, and P. Raines. 2006. Baseline data analysis as a tool for predicting the conservation value of tropical coastal habitats in the Indo-Pacific. Ocean and Coastal Management 49:696-705. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean; United Kingdom Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Social Organizations
Tsounis, G., S. Rossi, M. Aranguren, J.-M. Gili, and W. Arntz. 2006. Effects of spatial variability and colony size on the reproductive output and gonadal development cycle of the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum L.). Marine Biology 148:513-527. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Nellemann, C. and E. Corcoran. 2006. Our precious coasts � Marine pollution, climate change and the resilience of coastal ecosystems. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID, Arendal, Norway. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Morita, M., A. Nishikawa, A. Nakajima, A. Iguchi, K. Sakai, A. Takemura, and M. Okuno. 2006. Eggs regulate sperm flagellar motility initiation, chemotaxis and inhibition in the coral Acropora digitifera, A. gemmifera and A. tenuis. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:4574-4579. 2006 Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Smith, M. D., J. Zhang, and F. C. Coleman. 2006. Effectiveness of marine reserves for large-scale fisheries management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63:153-164. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Troy, A. and M. A. Wilson. 2006. Mapping ecosystem services: Practical challenges and opportunities in linking GIS and value transfer. Ecological Economics 60:435-449. 2006 GIS & Maps Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Welpa, M., A. de la Vega-Leinerta, S. Stoll-Kleemannb, and C. C. Jaegera. 2006. Science-based stakeholder dialogues: Theories and tools. Global Environmental Change 16:170-181. 2006 Global; Europe Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate
Yum, S. 2006. Ubiquitin expression in soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) exposed to environmental stresses. Korean Journal of Genetics 28:149-156. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Dobson, J. 2006. Sharks, wildlife tourism, and state regulation. Pages 15-23 in Tourism in Marine Environments. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; South Africa Apex Fish Predators; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Ramade, F. and H. Roche. 2006. Pollutant effects on coral reefs ecosystems [Effets des polluants sur les ecosystemes recifaux]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 61:Mar-33. 2006 Global Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Poulsen, A., K. Burns, J. Lough, D. Brinkman, and S. Delean. 2006. Trace analysis of hydrocarbons in coral cores from Saudi Arabia. Organic Geochemistry 37:1913-1930. 2006 Australia; Saudi Arabia; Iran Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Claudet, J., D. Pelletier, J.-Y. Jouvenel, F. Bachet, and R. Galzin. 2006. Assessing the effects of marine protected area (MPA) on a reef fish assemblage in a northwestern Mediterranean marine reserve: Identifying community-based indicators. Biological Conservation 130:349-369. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Pondella II, D. J., L. G. Allen, M. T. Craig, and B. Gintert. 2006. Evaluation of eelgrass mitigation and fishery enhancement structures in San Diego Bay, California. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:115-131. 2006 Fish; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Skeletal Coral
Dearden, P., M. Bennett, and R. Rollins. 2006. Implications for coral reef conservation of diver specialization. Environmental Conservation 33:353-363. 2006 Cuba; Thailand Field Study & Monitoring; Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Incentives; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Zhang, Q., Q. Shi, G. Chen, T. C. W. Fong, D. C. C. Wong, H. Huang, H. Wang, and M. Zhao. 2006. Status monitoring and health assessment of Luhuitou fringing reef of Sanya, Hainan, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 51:81-88. 2006 China Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Sediment
McClanahan, T. R., E. Verheij, and J. Maina. 2006. Comparing the management effectiveness of a marine park and a multiple-use collaborative fisheries management area in East Africa. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:147-165. 2006 Kenya; Tanzania Algae; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Ashworth, J. S., O. E. Bruce, and M. El Hellw. 2006. Fish assemblages of Red Sea backreef biotopes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:593-609. 2006 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Calado, R. 2006. Marine ornamental species from European waters: A valuable overlooked resource or a future threat for the conservation of marine ecosystems? Scientia Marina 70:389-398. 2006 Europe Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Babinsky, H., L. Cattafesta, and G. Abate. 2006. Design considerations for a micro aerial vehicle aerodynamic characterization facility at the University of Florida research and engineering education facility. Pages 713-722 in Collection of Technical Papers - 25th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. 2006 Florida Lab Study Collaboration & Partnering; Military
Valles, H., D. L. Kramer, and W. Hunte. 2006. A standard unit for monitoring recruitment of fishes to coral reef rubble. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:171-183. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Construction Codes & Projects; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
The Coastal Theme Team, editor. 2006. IGOS Coastal Theme Report: For the monitoring of our environment from space and from earth. Integrated Global Observing Strategy. 2006 Global; Florida; China; France Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
2006. Caltrans Statewide Sand Filter Study Stormwater Monitoring Report (CTSW-RT-06-128.01-1). 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Calcinai, B., C. Cerrano, C. Totti, T. Romagnoli, and G. Bavestrello. 2006. Symbiosis of Mycale (Mycale) vansoesti sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae) with a coralline alga from North Sulawesi (Indonesia). Invertebrate Biology 125:195-204. 2006 Indonesia Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges
Miller, J. E., S. Vogt, R. Hoeke, S. Ferguson, B. Appelgate, J. R. Smith, and M. Parke. 2006. Bathymetric atlas and website for the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 409-422. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Collaboration & Partnering; Fish
Schleyer, M. H., J. M. Heikoop, and M. J. Risk. 2006. A benthic survey of Aliwal Shoal and assessment of the effects of a wood pulp effluent on the reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:503-514. 2006 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Encrusting Sponges; Sponges
Dalton, S. J. and S. D. A. Smith. 2006. Coral disease dynamics at a subtropical location, Solitary Islands Marine Park, eastern Australia. Coral Reefs 25:37-45. 2006 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Chatterjea, S., S. Kininmonth, and P. J. M. Havinga. 2006. Sensor networks. GEO: connexion 5:20-22. 2006 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Energy Policy & Development
Lee, S. C. 2006. Habitat complexity and consumer-mediated positive feedbacks on a Caribbean coral reef. Oikos 112:442-447. 2006 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Sea Urchins; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Aronson, R.B. and W.F. Precht. 2006. Conservation, precaution, and Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs 25:441-450. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish
Quinn, N. J. and B. L. Kojis. 2006. Evaluating the potential of natural reproduction and artificial techniques to increase Acropora cervicornis populations at Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 54:105-116. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Minerals Management Service. 2006. Leasing Oil and Natural Gas Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior. 2006 South & Central America; India; Mexico Monetary Valuation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Special Use Permitting; Utility Policies
Sinclair, D. J. and M. J. Risk. 2006. A numerical model of trace-element coprecipitation in a physicochemical calcification system: Application to coral biomineralization and trace-element 'vital effects'. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70:3855-3868. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production
Peterson, C. H. and M. J. Bishop. 2005. Assessing the environmental impacts of beach nourishment. Bioscience 55:887-896. 2005 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Mitigation; Sea Turtles; Water Depth & Sea Level
Graham, N. A. J., N. K. Dulvy, S. Jennings, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2005. Size-spectra as indicators of the effects of fishing on coral reef fish assemblages. Coral Reefs 24:118-124. 2005 Fiji Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Cunningham, R. B. and D. B. Lindenmayer. 2005. Modeling count data of rare species: Some statistical issues. Ecology 86:1135-1142. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds
Sanchez, J. A., V. Pizarro, A. R. Acosta-de-Sanchez, P. A. Castillo, P. Herron, J. C. Martinez, P. Montoya, and C. Orozco. 2005. Evaluating coral reef benthic communities in remote Caribbean Atolls (Quitasueno, Serrana, and Roncador Banks) to recommend marine-protected areas for the seaflower biosphere reserve. Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-65. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral; Substrate
Amaral, A. C. Z. and S. Jablonski. 2005. Conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity in Brazil. Conservation Biology 19:625-631. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Peters, E., M. Barbour, and J. Ewing. 2005. Considerations on classifying coral reefs for diagnostic biological monitoring in the development of biological criteria for coral reefs. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Costanzo, S. D., J. Udy, B. Longstaff, and A. Jones. 2005. Using nitrogen stable isotope ratios of macroalgae to determine the effectiveness of sewage upgrades: changes in the extent of sewage plumes over four years in Moreton Bay, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:212-217. 2005 Australia; Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Granek, E. E. and M. A. Brown. 2005. Co-management approach to marine conservation in Moheli, Comoros Islands. Conservation Biology 19:1724-1732. 2005 Indian Ocean; Comoros; India Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation
Duvat, V. 2005. Coral reef coasts in small islands of the western Indian Ocean. Second part. Development and management [Les littoraux coralliens des petites îles de l'ouest de l'ocean Indien. Seconde partie. Amenagement et gestion]. Oceanis 31:195-341. 2005 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Thomas, S. and P. Ridd. 2005. Field assessment of innovative sensor for monitoring of sediment accumulation at inshore coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:470-480. 2005 Australia; Japan; Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guo, C.L., H.W. Zhou, Y.S. Wong, and N.F.Y. Tam. 2005. Isolation of PAH-degrading bacteria from mangrove sediments and their biodegradation potential. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2005 Mangroves; Microorganisms; Remediation; Sediment
McClanahan, T. R. and N. A. J. Graham. 2005. Recovery trajectories of coral reef fish assemblages within Kenyan marine protected areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 294:241-248. 2005 Kenya Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Primary Production
Rivera-Planter, M. and C. Munoz-Pina. 2005. Fees for reefs: Economic instruments to protect Mexico's marine natural areas. Current Issues in Tourism 8:195-213. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Model Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Schweizer, D., R. A. Armstrong, and J. Posada. 2005. Remote sensing characterization of benthic habitats and submerged vegetation biomass in Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26:2657-2667. 2005 Venezuela Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Seagrasses
WRI and NOAA. 2005. Land-based Sources of Threat to Coral Reefs in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Washington, DC. 2005 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Sediment
Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, D. Kooistra, K. Buchan, and S. White. 2005. Sustainability of scuba diving tourism on coral reefs of Saba. Coastal Management 33:373-387. 2005 South & Central America; Antilles; Cuba; Caribbean Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Govender, Y., M. R. Jury, A. Mthembu, S. Hatesse, and E. Bulfoni. 2005. Socio-economic status and development potential for a rural community on the Maputaland coast of South Africa. South African Geographical Journal 87:37-42. 2005 Indian Ocean; India; South Africa Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Tourism & Recreation
Craik, W. 2005. Oil spills in the great barrier reef region. Page 5801 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Australia Review Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills
Craik, W. 2005. Protecting the Great Barrier Reef from an oil spill. Pages 6586-6598 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills
Cubit, J. D. and J. L. Connor. 2005. Effects of the 1986 Bahia Las Minas oil spill on reef flat communities. Page 2359 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Plankton
Hunter Jr., M. L. 2005. A mesofilter conservation strategy to complement fine and coarse filters. Conservation Biology 19:1025-1029. 2005 Agriculture; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Adjeroud, M., Y. Chancerelle, M. Schrimm, T. Perez, D. Lecchini, R. Galzin, and B. Salvat. 2005. Detecting the effects of natural disturbances on coral assemblages in French Polynesia: A decade survey at multiple scales. Aquatic Living Resource 18:111-123. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Seastars; Stony Coral
Hutchings, P. 2005. A complete rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:4-Jan. 2005 Australia Marine Protected Areas
Rasiah, V, J. D. Armour, and A. L. Cogle. 2005. Assessment of variables controlling nitrate dynamics in groundwater: Is it a threat to surface aquatic ecosystems? Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:60-69. 2005 Australia Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
de Koning, J. and S. Thiesen. 2005. Aqua Solaris - An optimized small scale desalination system with 40 litres output per square meter based upon solar-thermal distillation. Desalination 182:503-509. 2005 Model Deforestation & Devegetation; Energy Policy & Development; Pathogens
Bak, R.P.M., G. Nieuwland, and E.H. Meesters. 2005. Coral reef crisis in deep and shallow reefs: 30 years of constancy and change in reefs of Curacao and Bonaire. Coral Reefs 24:475-479. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Matsuda, F., M. Saito, R. Iwahashi, H. Oda, and Y. Tsuji. 2005. Computer simulation of carbonate sedimentary and shallow diagenetic processes. AAPG Memoir 365-382. 2005 Japan; Indonesia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Campos-Davila, L., V. H. Cruz-Escalona, F. Galvan-Magana, A. Abitia-Cardenas, F. J. Gutierrez-Sanchez, and E. F. Balart. 2005. Fish assemblages in a Gulf of California Marine Reserve. Bulletin of Marine Science 77:347-362. 2005 Fish
James, M. K. and L. B. Mason. 2005. Synthetic tropical cyclone database. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 131:181-192. 2005 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Bosman, C., R. Uken, and A. M. Smith. 2005. The bathymetry of the Aliwal Shoal, Scottburgh, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 101:255-257. 2005 South Africa Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas
Dalyell, T. 2005. Westminster diary. New Scientist 185:21. 2005 Forestry
2005. Brightwork: Best Management Practices Manual for Maine's Boatyards and Marinas. 2005 Boating Regulations; Docks & Marinas
Smith, S. A. and E. Bermingham. 2005. The biogeography of lower Mesoamerican freshwater fishes. Journal of Biogeography 32:1835-1854. 2005 Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dubois, S., L. Barille, B. Cognie, and P. G. Beninger. 2005. Particle capture and processing mechanisms in Sabellaria alveolata (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 301:159-171. 2005 Europe GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shapiro, A. C. and S. O. Rohmann. 2005. Summit-to-Sea mapping and change detection using satellite imagery: Tools for conservation and management of coral reefs. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:185-193. 2005 US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Kaiser, M. J. 2005. Models predict cost savings of Louisiana program. Oil and Gas Journal 103:38-41. 2005 Model Funding & Donations
Schleyer, M. H. and L. Celliers. 2005. Modelling reef zonation in the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park, South Africa. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 63:373-384. 2005 Global; South Africa Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Decision Support; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Blundell, A. G. and M. B. Mascia. 2005. Discrepancies in reported levels of international wildlife trade. Conservation Biology 19:2020-2025. 2005 Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Snails & Conch
Cinner, J. E., M. J. Marnane, T. R. McClanahan, T. H. Clark, and J. Ben. 2005. Trade, tenure, and tradition: Influence of sociocultural factors on resource use in melanesia. Conservation Biology 19:1469-1477. 2005 Papua New Guinea Cultural Policies; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Stony Coral
Rigby, J. K. and G. L. Bell. 2005. A new hexactinellid sponge from the reef trail member of the upper Guadalupian bell canyon formation, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 79:200-204. 2005 Sponges
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. 2005 India Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Remediation; Security Policies; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Epstein, N., M. J. A. Vermeij, R. P. M. Bak, and B. Rinkevich. 2005. Alleviating impacts of anthropogenic activities by traditional conservation measures: Can a small reef reserve be sustainedly managed? Biological Conservation 121:243-255. 2005 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Bello, P. J., L. V. Rios, C. M. A. Liceaga, M. C. Zetina, C. K. Cervera, B. P. Arceo, and N. H. Hernandez. 2005. Incorporating spatial analysis of habitat into spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) stock assessment at Alacranes reef, Yucatan, Mexico. Fisheries Research 73:37-47. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Bergenius, M. A. J., B. D. Mapstone, G. A. Begg, and C. D. Murchie. 2005. The use of otolith chemistry to determine stock structure of three epinepheline serranid coral reef fishes on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Research 72:253-270. 2005 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Ribeiro, C., A. J. Almeida, R. Araujo, M. Biscoito, and M. Freitas. 2005. Fish assemblages of Cais do Carvão Bay (Madeira Island) determined by the visual census technique. Journal of Fish Biology 67:1568-1584. 2005 Index or Indicator Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Vermeij, M. J. A. 2005. Substrate composition and adult distribution determine recruitment patterns in a Caribbean brooding coral. Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:123-133. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Substrate
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2005. Indonesia: preliminary damage and loss assessment, December 26, 2004 Natural Disaster. Technical Report. Consultative Group on Indonesia. 2005 Global; Indian Ocean; India; Indonesia Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Fishing Sector; Housing; Infrastructure; Military; Mitigation; Skeletal Coral
Fauth, J. E., P. Dustan, E. Ponte, K. Banks, B. Vargas-Angel, and C. A. Downs. 2005. Final report: southeast Florida coral biomarker local action study. 2005 Florida; Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral; Substrate
Bradbeer, R. S., K. K. Y. Lam, L. F. Yeung, and K. K. K. Ku. 2005. Real-time monitoring of fish activity on an inshore coral reef. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Salinity
Capili, E. B., A. C. S. Ibay, and J. R. T. Villarin. 2005. Climate change impacts and adaptation on Philippine coasts. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Review Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Plankton; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Crosse, W. 2005. The opportunities and constraints in using cost-effective satellite remote sensing for biodiversity monitoring. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves
Sayer, M. D. J., S. H. Magill, T. J. Pitcher, L. Morissette, and C. Ainsworth. 2005. Simulation-based investigations of fishery changes as affected by the scale and design of artificial habitats. Journal of Fish Biology 67:218-243. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
O'Reagain, P. J., J. Brodie, G. Fraser, J. J. Bushell, C. H. Holloway, J. W. Faithful, and D. Haynes. 2005. Nutrient loss and water quality under extensive grazing in the upper Burdekin river catchment, North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:37-50. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lee, L. Y. 2005. Ecology of scleractinian corals in the waters of Port Dickson and theor tolerance to sedimentation. Masters Thesis. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gayle, P. M. H., P. Wilson-Kelly, and S. Green. 2005. Transplantation of benthic species to mitigate impacts of coastal development in Jamaica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:105-115. 2005 Jamaica; Panama Coastal Development; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Octocoral; Recreational Opportunities; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate
Rosenberg, A. A., W. J. Bolster, K. E. Alexander, W. B. Leavenworth, A. B. Cooper, and M. G. McKenzie. 2005. The history of ocean resources: Modeling cod biomass using historical records. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:84-90. 2005 Global; England Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives
Gracias, N. and S. Negahdaripour. 2005. Underwater mosaic creation using video sequences from different altitudes. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Hudson, J. H. and E. C. Franklin. 2005. Structural reef restoration and coral transplantation to the R/V Columbus Iselin grounding site in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ports & Harbors; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Lang, M. A. 2005. Smithsonian institution coral reef research. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Panama; Caribbean Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
Lang, M. A. and A. H. Hines. 2005. Smithsonian institution marine science network. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Panama; India Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sakas, C. J. 2005. Education standards and ocean science oceans 2005 MTS/IEEE. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Global Review
Aronson, R. B., W. F. Precht, T. J. T. Murdoch, and M. L. Robbart. 2005. Long-term persistence of coral assemblages on the Flower Garden Banks, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico: Implications for science and management. Gulf of Mexico Science 23:84-94. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Merrick, J. R. W., G. S. Parnell, J. Barnett, M. Garcia. 2005. A Multiple-objective decision analysis of stakeholder values to identify watershed improvement needs. Decision Analysis 2:44-57. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kaneshiro, K. Y., P. Chinn, K. N. Duin, A. P. Hood, K. Maly, and B. A. Wilcox. 2005. Hawai'i's mountain-to-sea ecosystems: Social-ecological microcosms for sustainability science and practice. EcoHealth 2:349-360. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Infrastructure; Pathogens
Hardin, M. P. and R. S. Legore. 2005. Development of management policy for the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate fishery in Puerto Rico: A case study. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:139-144. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Resource Use Management
Vize, P. D., J. A. Embesi, M. Nickell, D. P. Brown, and D. K. Hagman. 2005. Tight temporal consistency of coral mass spawning at the Flower Garden Banks, Gulf of Mexico, from 1997-2003. Gulf of Mexico Science 23:107-114. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Symons, L. C., R. Pavia, and M. Hodges. 2005. Emergency response in National Marine Sanctuaries. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Security Policies; Transportation Policies
Watanabe, K. and A. Nakamura. 2005. A design of tiny basin test-bed for AUV multi agent. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Waterborne Discharges
Rowley, A. F., C. L. Vogan, G. W. Taylor, and A. S. Clare. 2005. Prostaglandins in non-insectan invertebrates: Recent insights and unsolved problems. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:14-Mar. 2005 Review Special Use Permitting; Tunicates
Stevens, T. and R. M. Connolly. 2005. Local-scale mapping of benthic habitats to assess representation in a marine protected area. Marine and Freshwater Research 56:111-123. 2005 Australia GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Substrate
Gardner, J. V. and J. Beaudoin. 2005. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry and acoustic backscatter of selected northwestern Gulf of Mexico outer shelf banks. Gulf of Mexico Science 23:29-May. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Phinn, S. R., A. G. Dekker, V. E. Brando, and C. M. Roelfsema. 2005. Mapping water quality and substrate cover in optically complex coastal and reef waters: An integrated approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:459-469. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Substrate
Omori, M. 2005. Success of mass culture of Acropora corals from egg to colony in open water. Coral Reefs 24:563. 2005 Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Powell, B. and M. Martens. 2005. A review of acid sulfate soil impacts, actions and policies that impact on water quality in Great Barrier Reef catchments, including a case study on remediation at East Trinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:149-164. 2005 Australia Review; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Microorganisms; Remediation; Wetlands
Sadovy, Y. and M. Domeier. 2005. Are aggregation-fisheries sustainable? Reef fish fisheries as a case study. Coral Reefs 24:254-262. 2005 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Christie, P. 2005. Observed and perceived environmental impacts of marine protected areas in two Southeast Asia sites. Ocean and Coastal Management 48:252-270. 2005 Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Rahman, M. A., Y. Isa, and T. Uehara. 2005. Proteins of calcified endoskeleton: II Partial amino acid sequences of endoskeletal proteins and the characterization of proteinaceous organic matrix of spicules from the alcyonarian, Synularia polydactyla. Proteomics 5:885-893. 2005 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Boling, E. A. 2005. Environmental Management Systems and NEPA: A Framework for Productive Harmony. Environmental Law Reporter 35:10022-10031. 2005 Review
Juman, R. A. 2005. Biomass, litterfall and decomposition rates for the fringed Rhizophora mangle forest lining the Bon Accord Lagoon, Tobago. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:207-217. 2005 South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Juman, R. A. 2005. The structure and productivity of the Thalassia testudinum community in Bon Accord Lagoon, Tobago. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:219-227. 2005 South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses
LeGore, R. S., M. P. Hardin, and D. Ter-Ghazaryan. 2005. Organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:145-153. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch
Davies, P.L., B.D. Eyre. 2005. Estuarine modification of nutrient and sediment exports to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park from the Daintree and Annan River catchments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:174-185. 2005 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Costanzo, S.D., J. Murby, J. Bates. 2005. Ecosystem response to antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:218-223. 2005 Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Bell, R., R. Buchsbaum, C. Roman, and M. Chandler. 2005. Inventory of intertidal marine habitats, Boston Harbor Islands national park area. Northeastern Naturalist 12:169-200. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Invertebrates; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Substrate
Kuffner, I. B. 2005. Temporal variation in photosynthetic pigments and UV-absorbing compounds in shallow populations of two Hawaiian reef corals. Pacific Science 59:561-580. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Light; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Ismail, M., T. Kimura, Y. Suzuki, and M. Tsuchiya. 2005. Seasonal and spatial variations of total mass flux around coral reefs in the Southern Ryukyus, Japan. Journal of Oceanography 61:631-644. 2005 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roberts, M. and S. Gass. 2005. Looking for Lophelia. Planet Earth 26-27. 2005 Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Internet & Telecommunications; Skeletal Coral; Sponges
Golabi, M. H., C. Iyekar, and D. Minton. 2005. Effect of vetiver technology on sediment loss and water quality in southern Guam. Pages 348-355 in Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and Emerging TMDL. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Little, L. R., A. D. M. Smith, A. D. McDonald, A. E. Punt, B. D. Mapstone, F. Pantus, and C. R. Davies. 2005. Effects of size and fragmentation of marine reserves and fisher infringement on the catch and biomass of coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Management and Ecology 12:177-188. 2005 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
McClanahan, T. R., J. Maina, and J. Davies. 2005. Perceptions of resource users and managers towards fisheries management options in Kenyan coral reefs. Fisheries Management and Ecology 12:105-112. 2005 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Gasparini, J. L., S. R. Floeter, C. E. L. Ferreira, and I. Sazima. 2005. Marine ornamental trade in Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:2883-2899. 2005 Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Gladstone, W. and T. Alexander. 2005. A test of the higher-taxon approach in the identification of candidate sites for marine reserves. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:3151-3168. 2005 Marine Protected Areas; Molluscs
Ahlen, J., D. Sundgren, and E. Bengtsson. 2005. Pre-processing of underwater images taken in shallow water for color reconstruction purposes. Pages 560-564 in Proceedings of the Seventh IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, SIP 2005. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Shaughnessy, P. D., T. E. Dennis, and P. G. Seager. 2005. Status of Australian sea lions, Neophoca cinerea, and New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, on Eyre Peninsula and the far west coast of South Australia. Wildlife Research 32:85-101. 2005 Australia Aquaculture; Marine Protected Areas
Gascuel, D., Y.-M. Bozec, E. Chassot, A. Colomb, and M. Laurans. 2005. The trophic spectrum: Theory and application as an ecosystem indicator. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62:443-452. 2005 New Caledonia; Europe Model; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Alongi, D.M., A.D. McKinnon. 2005. The cycling and fate of terrestrially-derived sediments and nutrients in the coastal zone of the Great Barrier Reef shelf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:239-252. 2005 Australia; Europe Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Linnane, A., W. Dimmlich, and T. Ward. 2005. Movement patterns of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, off South Australia. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39:335-346. 2005 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Chateau, O. and L. Wantiez. 2005. Comparison of coral reef fish communities between two fished and one protected reefs in New Caledonia South Lagoon Marine Park [Comparaison de la structure des communautes de poissons coralliens d'interet commercial entre une reserve marine et deux zo. Cybium 29:159-174. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Micheli, F. and B. Halpern. 2005. Low functional redundancy in coastal marine assemblages. Ecology Letters 8:391-400. 2005 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Marchetti, D. W. and T. E. Cerling. 2005. Cosmogenic 3He exposure ages of Pleistocene debris flows and desert pavements in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Geomorphology 67:423-435. 2005 Surface & Groundwater Flow
LeDrew, E. and A. Lim. 2005. The application of the getis statistic to high resolution imagery to detect change in the spatial structure of submerged tropical corals between image dates. Pages 217-219 in Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images 2005. 2005 Remote Sensing Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses
Kirkpatrick, L. A. and J. F. Weishampel. 2005. Quantifying spatial structure of volumetric neutral models. Ecological Modelling 186:312-325. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Construction Codes & Projects
Barton, A. D. and K. S. Casey. 2005. Climatological context for large-scale coral bleaching. Coral Reefs 24:536-554. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Jamaica; Maldives; Caribbean GIS & Maps Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Scientific Research
Chapman, D. J. and B. E. Julius. 2005. The use of preventative projects as compensatory restoration. Journal of Coastal Research 21:120-131. 2005 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Petroleum Spills
Greiner, R., A. Herr, J. Brodie, and D. Haynes. 2005. A multi-criteria approach to Great Barrier Reef catchment (Queensland, Australia) diffuse-source pollution problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:128-137. 2005 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chateau-Degat, M.-L., M. Chinain, N. Cerf, S. Gingras, B. Hubert, and E. Dewailly. 2005. Seawater temperature, Gambierdiscus spp. variability and incidence of ciguatera poisoning in French Polynesia. Harmful Algae 4:1053-1062. 2005 Global Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Climate; Pathogens
McClanahan, T. R., J. Maina, C. J. Starger, P. Herron-Perez, and E. Dusek. 2005. Detriments to post-bleaching recovery of corals. Coral Reefs 24:230-246. 2005 Global Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae
Neitsch, S. L., J. G. Arnold, J. R. Kiniry, and J. R. Williams. 2005. Soli and water assessment tool theoretical documentation. Agricultural Research Service, Temple, Texas. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sandin, S. A. and S. W. Pacala. 2005. Demographic theory of coral reef fish populations with stochastic recruitment: Comparing sources of population regulation. American Naturalist 165:107-119. 2005 Model Fish; Special Use Permitting
Sandin, S. A. and S. W. Pacala. 2005. Fish aggregation results in inversely density-dependent predation on continuous coral reefs. Ecology 86:1520-1530. 2005 Antilles Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Special Use Permitting
National Marine Sanctuaries. 2005. MPAs and Enforcement. Module 7, NOAA. 2005 Special Use Permitting
Myneni, S. and D. W. Hess. 2005. Post plasma etch residue removal using CO2-based mixtures: Mechanistic considerations. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 152. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Pelletier, D. and S. Mahevas. 2005. Spatially explicit fisheries simulation models for policy evaluation. Fish and Fisheries 6:307-349. 2005 Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Uychiaoco, A. J., H. O. Arceo, S. J. Green, M. T. De La Cruz, P. A. Gaite, and P. M. Alino. 2005. Monitoring and evaluation of reef protected areas by local fishers in the Philippines: Tightening the adaptive management cycle. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:2775-2794. 2005 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Social Organizations; Stony Coral
Wooldridge, S., T. Done, R. Berkelmans, R. Jones, and P. Marshall. 2005. Precursors for resilience in coral communities in a warming climate: A belief network approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:157-169. 2005 Global; Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Stony Coral
Roberts, C. D., A. L. Stewart, C. D. Paulin, and D. Neale. 2005. Regional diversity and biogeography of coastal fishes on the West Coast South Island of New Zealand. Science for Conservation May-70. 2005 Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Invertebrates
Rule, M. J. and S. D. A. Smith. 2005. Spatial variation in the recruitment of benthic assemblages to artificial substrata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 290:67-78. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms
Overholtzer-McLeod, K. L. 2005. Post-settlement emigration affects mortality estimates for two Bahamian wrasses. Coral Reefs 24:283-291. 2005 Bahamas Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Potter, A. and V. Molose. 2005. Access to clean water crucial in fight against AIDS. Water Wheel 4:18-20. 2005
Hayakawa, H., Y. Nakano, T. Andoh, and T. Watanabe. 2005. Sex-dependent expression of mRNA encoding a major egg protein in the gonochoric coral Galaxea fascicularis. Coral Reefs 24:488-494. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Davies, S. L., J. M. Virgona, M. H. McCallum, A. D. Swan, and M. B. Peoples. 2005. Effectiveness of grazing and herbicide treatments for lucerne removal before cropping in southern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45:1147-1155. 2005 Australia Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Nakamura, T. and H. Yamasaki. 2005. Requirement of water-flow for sustainable growth of Pocilloporid corals during high temperature periods. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1115-1120. 2005 Stony Coral
Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2005. Population impacts of collecting sea anemones and anemonefish for the marine aquarium trade in the Philippines. Coral Reefs 24:564-573. 2005 Philippines Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector
Duvat, V. 2005. Coral reef coasts in small islands of the western Indian Ocean. First part. Geomorphology [Les littoraux coralliens des petites îles de l'ouest de l'ocean Indien. Premiere partie. Geomorphologie]. Oceanis 31:Jan-90. 2005 Global; Indian Ocean; Seychelles; Maldives; India Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Scientific Research; Storms & Hurricanes
Hodge, J., B. Longstaff, A. Steven, P. Thornton, P. Ellis, and I. McKelvie. 2005. Rapid underway profiling of water quality in Queensland estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:113-118. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goulet, T. L., C. B. Cook, and D. Goulet. 2005. Effect of short-term exposure to elevated temperatures and light levels on photosynthesis of different host-symbiont combinations in the Aiptasia pallidal Symbiodinium symbiosis. Limnology and Oceanography 50:1490-1498. 2005 Florida; Bermuda Lab Study Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Carrubba, L. and J. Torres. 2005. Bibliography of coral reef and coralline communities in Puerto Rico. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Lajas, Puerto Rico. 2005 Puerto Rico Remote Sensing Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Sadovy, Y. 2005. Trouble on the reef: The imperative for managing vulnerable and valuable fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 6:167-185. 2005 Global Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Live Collection
Armstrong, H. G. 2005. Environmental education in Tobago's primary schools: A case study of coral reef education. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:229-238. 2005 Trinidad; Tobago Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Education & Outreach; Schools & Colleges
Kelsey, C. 2005. On the waterfront. Industrial Fabric Products Review 90:38-40. 2005 Australia Artificial Habitat; Remediation; Shoreline Protection
SeafoodWatch. 2005. Sustainable Seafood Business Practices. Monteray Bay. 2005 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Montaggioni, L. F. 2005. History of Indo-Pacific coral reef systems since the last glaciation: Development patterns and controlling factors. Earth-Science Reviews 71:Jan-75. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Uyarra, M. C., I. M. Cote, J. A. Gill, R. R. T. Tinch, D. Viner, and A. R. Watkinson. 2005. Island-specific preferences of tourists for environmental features: Implications of climate change for tourism-dependent states. Environmental Conservation 32:11-19. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; Fish; Infrastructure; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sosa-Lopez, A., D. Mouillot, T. Do Chi, and J. Ramos-Miranda. 2005. Ecological indicators based on fish biomass distribution along trophic levels: An application to the Terminos coastal lagoon, Mexico. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62:453-458. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Bruckner, A. W. 2005. The importance of the marine ornamental reef fish trade in the wider Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:127-137. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Maldives; Sri Lanka; India; Japan; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Caribbean; Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Taban, F., E. Acar, I. Fidan, and A. Zora. 2005. Teaching basic engineering concepts in a K-12 environment using LEGO bricks and robotics. Pages 13727-13736 in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings. 2005 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Pipelines; Schools & Colleges; Storms & Hurricanes
Ashworth, J. S. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2005. Effects of fishing pressure and trophic group on abundance and spillover across boundaries of a no-take zone. Biological Conservation 121:333-344. 2005 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Pelletier, D., J. A. Garcia-Charton, J. Ferraris, G. David, O. Thebaud, Y. Letourneur, J. Claudet, M. Amand, M. Kulbicki, and R. Galzin. 2005. Designing indicators for assessing the effects of marine protected areas on coral reef ecosystems: A multidisciplinary standpoint. Aquatic Living Resource 18:15-33. 2005 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas
Auble, G. T., M. L. Scott, and J. M. Friedman. 2005. Use of individualistic streamflow-vegetation relations along the Fremont River, Utah, USA to assess impacts of flow alteration on Wetland and riparian areas. Wetlands 25:143-154. 2005 Model; Index or Indicator Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Bymers, L., E. P. Glenn, S. G. Nelson, and K. Fitzsimmons. 2005. Diversity and biomass dynamics of marine algae in Biosphere II's tropical reef macrocosm. Ecological Engineering 25:442-456. 2005 Algae; Nutrients; Plankton; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Petit, C. C. and J. J. Vandenabeele. 2005. Supporting coastal and lake applications with the help of remote sensing. Pages 2771-2774 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2005 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Coastal Development; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Sediment
Shick, J. M., C. Ferrier-Pages, R. Grover, and D. Allemand. 2005. Effects of starvation, ammonium concentration, and photosynthesis on the UV-dependent accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the coral Stylophora pistillata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:135-156. 2005 Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use; Zooxanthellae
Ordines, F., J. Moranta, M. Palmer, A. Lerycke, A. Suau, B. Morales-Nin, and A. M. Grau. 2005. Variations in a shallow rocky reef fish community at different spatial scales in the western Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 304:221-233. 2005 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Kroon, F. J., P. L. Munday, D. A. Westcott, J.-P.A. Hobbs, and N. R. Liley. 2005. Aromatase pathway mediates sex change in each direction. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272:1399-1405. 2005 Fish; Special Use Permitting
Tomasko, D. A., C. A. Corbett, H. S. Greening, and G. E. Raulerson. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:797-805. 2005 Florida Nutrients; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge
Collin, R. 2005. Ecological monitoring and biodiversity surveys at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Boas del Toro Research Station. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:367-373. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Portman, C., J. E. Andrews, P. J. Rowe, M. R. Leeder, and J. Hoogewerff. 2005. Submarine-spring controlled calcification and growth of large Rivularia bioherms, Late Pleistocene (MIS 5e), Gulf of Corinth, Greece. Sedimentology 52:441-465. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Khalaf, M. and M. P. Crosby. 2005. Assemblage structure of butterflyfishes and their use as indicators of Gulf of Aqaba benthic habitat in Jordan. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15. 2005 Saudi Arabia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
King, M. C. and K. F. Beazley. 2005. Selecting focal species for marine protected area network planning in the Scotia-Fundy region of Atlantic Canada. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15:367-385. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Index or Indicator Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Kulbicki, M., Y. M. Bozec, and A. Green. 2005. Implications of biogeography in the use of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) as indicators for Western and Central Pacific areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corallivorous Fish; Fish
Raubenheimer, D., W. L. Zemke-White, R. J. Phillips, and K. D. Clements. 2005. Algal macronutrients and food selection by the omnivorous marine fish Girella tricuspidata. Ecology 86:2601-2610. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Wood, D. and J. Glasson. 2005. Giving the environment a voice: The transformational potential of valuing tourism in sensitive natural environments: The case of The Ningaloo Coastal Region, Western Australia. Planning Practice and Research 20:391-407. 2005 Australia Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Begg, G. A., B. D. Mapstone, A. J. Williams, S. Adams, C. R. Davies, and D. C. Lou. 2005. Multivariate life-history indices of exploited coral reef fish populations used to measure the performance of no-take zones in a marine protected area. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62:679-692. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Adams, S. M. 2005. Assessing cause and effect of multiple stressors on marine systems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:649-657. 2005 Index or Indicator
Boulon, R., M. Chiappone, R. Halley, W. Jaap, B. Keller, B. Kruczynski, M. Miller, and C. Rogers. 2005. Atlantic Acropora Status Review. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Review Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Coastal Development; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
Cinner, J. 2005. Socioeconomic factors influencing customary marine tenure in the Indo-Pacific. Ecology and Society 10. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management
Badran, M. I. and M. K. Al Zibdah. 2005. Environmental quality of Jordanian coastal surface sediment, Gulf of Aqaba, red sea. Ambio 34:615-620. 2005 Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Salcido, R. E. 2005. Enduring optimism: Examining the rig-to-reef bargain. Ecology Law Quarterly 32:863-937. 2005 Model Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Oil & Gas Rigs
Keller, B. D. and B. D. Causey. 2005. Linkages between the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Initiative. Ocean and Coastal Management 48:869-900. 2005 Florida Agriculture; Marine Protected Areas
Saunders, S. M., B. Radford, S. A. Bourke, Z. Thiele, T. Bech, and J. Mardon. 2005. A rapid method for determining lipid fraction ratios of hard corals under varying sediment and light regimes. Environmental Chemistry 2:331-336. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Stony Coral
Finkl, C. W., R. H. Charlier, and S. L. Krupa. 2005. Vulnerability of coastal environments to land use and abuse: The example of southeast Florida. International Journal of Environmental Studies 62:535-554. 2005 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jimenez-Rodriguez, L. O., A. Umana-Diaz, J. Diaz-Santos, G. Neira-Carolina, J. Morales-Morales, and E. Rodriguez. 2005. Subsurface object recognition by means of regularization techniques for mappimg coastal waters floor. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5977. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Milazzo, M., F. Badalamenti, T. Vega Fernandez, and R. Chemello. 2005. Effects of fish feeding by snorkellers on the density and size distribution of fishes in a Mediterranean marine protected area. Marine Biology 146:1213-1222. 2005 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
DeVogelaere, A., R. Kochevar, M. Tamburri, G. Cailliet, E. Burton, S. Benson, and W. Douros. 2005. Exploring the davidson seamount: Combining science, public outreach, and resource management. Pages 371-376 in California and the World Ocean - Proceedings of the Conference. 2005 Model Resource Use Management; Sponges
Halpern, B. S. 2005. Predicting local responses to marine reserves from global evidence. Pages 686-696 in California and the World Ocean - Proceedings of the Conference. 2005 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Resource Use Management; Substrate
Bender, K. and R. Taylor. 2005. Oil spill contingency planning in Thailand. Page 5512 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Thailand Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Bodnar, J. L. 2005. The information technology of SHIELDS - NOAA'S Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Emergency Logistics Database System. Pages 11312-11316 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications; Petroleum Spills
Sordelli, C. and N. Garcia. 2005. Venezuelan national oil spill training program. Page 8972 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Venezuela Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Mangroves; Military; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Symons, L. C., M. Hodges, and M. S. Devany. 2005. Flexibility for NOAA in development and application of multi-hazard contingency plans and response tools: The Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Logistics Database System (SHIELDS). Pages 11158-11160 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Small Boats; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Symons, L. C. and J. Morris. 2005. Development of multi-hazard contingency plans and tools for the National Marine Sanctuary System. Pages 9628-9631 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cultural Protections; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Whales & Dolphins
Hendee, J. C., E. Stabenau, L. Florit, D. Manzello, and C. Jeffris. 2005. Infrastructure and capabilities of near real-time meteorlogical and oceanographic in situ instrumented array, and its role in marine environmental desicsion support. Pages 1-26 in L. L. Richardson and E. F. leDrew, editors. Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes. 2005 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure
Dunbabin, M., J. Roberts, K. Usher, G. Winstanley, and P. Corke. 2005. A hybrid AUV design for shallow water reef navigation. Pages 2105-2110 in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Infrastructure
Gjertsen, H. 2005. Can habitat protection lead to improvements in human well-being? Evidence from marine protected areas in the Philippines. World Development 33:199-217. 2005 Philippines Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Chiappone, M., H. Dienes, D. W. Swanson, and S. L. Miller. 2005. Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Biological Conservation 121:221-230. 2005 Florida Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Recreational Fishing; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges
[No author name available]. 2005. Subsea pipeline to Magnetic Island. Civil Engineers Australia 77:40. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Pipelines
Kaiser, M. J. and A. G. Pulsipher. 2005. Rigs-to-reef programs in the Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Development and International Law 36:119-134. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Oil & Gas Rigs
Purkis, S. J. 2005. A \reef-up\" approach to classifying coral habitats from IKONOS imagery". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43:1375-1390. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Vidal, L. and D. Pauly. 2005. Integration of subsystems models as a tool toward describing feeding interactions and fisheries impacts in a large marine ecosystem, the Gulf of Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:709-725. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Otero, E. and K. K. Carbery. 2005. Chlorophyll a and turbidity patterns over coral reefs systems of La Parguera Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:25-32. 2005 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment
Huang, Y.-C., J.-H. Guh, Y.-C. Shen, and C.-M. Teng. 2005. Investigation of anticancer mechanism of clavulone II, a coral cyclopentenone prostaglandin analog, in human acute promyelocytic leukemia. Journal of Biomedical Science 12:335-345. 2005 Special Use Permitting
Abesamis, R. A. and G. R. Russ. 2005. Density-dependent spillover from a marine reserve: Long-term evidence. Ecological Applications 15:1798-1812. 2005 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Shaw, M. and J. F. Muller. 2005. Preliminary evaluation of the occurrence of herbicides and PAHs in the Wet Tropics region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, using passive samplers. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:876-881. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cox, M.E., A. Moss, and G.K. Smyth. 2005. Water quality condition and trend in North Queensland waterways. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:89-98. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Point Source Discharges
Vincent, A. C. J., K. L. Evans, and A. D. Marsden. 2005. Home range behaviour of the monogamous Australian seahorse, Hippocampus whitei. Environmental Biology of Fishes 72:12-Jan. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Seagrasses
Devlin, M.J., J. Brodie. 2005. Terrestrial discharge into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: nutrient behavior in coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:9-22. 2005 Australia; Europe GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. and L. H. MacDonald. 2005. Measurement and prediction of sediment production from unpaved roads, St John, US Virgin Islands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30:1283-1304. 2005 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Model Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies
Zaczek-Peplinska, J. 2005. Testing changes of landscape form shapes - Experiences from research and didactic projects implemented in \the migrating dunes\" reserve area [Badanie zmian kształtu formy krajobrazowej - Doświadczenia z projektow naukowo-dydaktycznych realizowanych w. Pages 365-372 Prace Naukowe Instytutu Gornictwa Politechniki Wroclawskiej. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Mining Policies
Trudel, B. K., R. C. Belore, B. J. Jessiman, and S. L. Ross. 2005. A microcomputer-based spill impact assessment system for untreated and chemically dispersed oil spills in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Page 4770 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Model Coastal Defense; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Auster, P. J., B. X. Semmens, and K. Barber. 2005. Pattern in the co-occurrence of fishes inhabiting the coral reefs of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. Environmental Biology of Fishes 74:187-194. 2005 Antilles Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Social Organizations; Tourism & Recreation
Barans, C. A., M. D. Arendt, T. Moore, and D. Schmidt. 2005. Remote video revisited: A visual technique for conducting long-term monitoring of reef fishes on the continental shelf. Marine Technology Society Journal 39:110-118. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector
Schaffelke, B., J. Mellors, and N. C. Duke. 2005. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: Responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:279-296. 2005 Australia Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Chapman, D. D., E. K. Pikitch, E. Babcock, and M. S. Shiyji. 2005. Marine reserve design and evaluation using automated acoustic telemetry: A case-study involving coral reef-associated sharks in the mesoamerican Caribbean. Marine Technology Society Journal 39:42-55. 2005 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest
[No author name available]. 2005. IMAPS points the way. GEO: connexion 4:36-38. 2005 Indian Ocean; India; England Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Housing; Mangroves
Garcia, E., R. Ramos, and C. Bastidas. 2005. Presence of cytochrome P450 in the Caribbean corals Siderastrea siderea and Montastraea faveolata [Presencia del citocromo P450 en las especies de coral Siderastrea siderea y Montastraea faveolata del Caribe]. Ciencias Marinas 31:23-30. 2005 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
[No author name available]. 2005. News: Mock ship grounding and oil spill in Florida keys National Marine Sanctuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50. 2005 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Petroleum Spills; Security Policies
Sinclair, D. J. 2005. Correlated trace element \vital effects\" in tropical corals: A new geochemical tool for probing biomineralization". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69:3265-3284. 2005 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Weis, J. S. and P. Weis. 2005. Use of intertidal mangrove and sea wall habitats by coral reef fishes in the Wakatobi Marine Park, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 53:119-124. 2005 Indonesia Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Enriquez, S. and N. I. Pantoja-Reyes. 2005. Form-function analysis of the effect of canopy morphology on leaf self-shading in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Oecologia 145:235-243. 2005 Model; Index or Indicator Light; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Anderson, M. J. and A. A. Thompson. 2004. Multivariate control charts for ecological and environmental monitoring. Ecological Applications 14:1921-1935. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Edgar, G. J., N. S. Barrett, and A. J. Morton. 2004. Patterns of fish movement on eastern Tasmanian rocky reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 70:273-284. 2004 Algae; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Barile, P. J. 2004. Evidence of anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment of the littoral waters of east central Florida. Journal of Coastal Research 20:1237-1245. 2004 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India Index or Indicator Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Improved Technology; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Irisson, J.-O., A. LeVan, M. De Lara, and S. Planes. 2004. Strategies and trajectories of coral reef fish larvae optimizing self-recruitment. Journal of Theoretical Biology 227:205-218. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Asoh, K., T. Yoshikawa, R. Kosaki, and E. A. Marschall. 2004. Damage to cauliflower coral by monofilament fishing lines in Hawaii. Conservation Biology 18:1645-1650. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Beck, M. W., T. D. Marsh, S. E. Reisewitz, and M. L. Bortman. 2004. New tools for marine conservation: The leasing and ownership of submerged lands. Conservation Biology 18:1214-1223. 2004 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Bivalves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Inoue, M., A. Suzuki, M. Nohara, H. Kan, A. Edward, and H. Kawahata. 2004. Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: Possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints. Environmental Pollution 129:399-407. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Micronesia Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Strong, A. E., G. Liu, J. Meyer, J. C. Hendee, and D. Sasko. 2004. Coral reef watch 2002. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:259-268. 2004 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Shinn, E. A. 2004. The mixed value of environmental regulations: Do acroporid corals deserve endangered species status? Marine Pollution Bulletin 49:531-533. 2004 Special Use Permitting
Ashworth, J. S., R. F. G. Ormond, and H. T. Sturrock. 2004. Effects of reef-top gathering and fishing on invertebrate abundance across take and no-take zones. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 303:221-242. 2004 Egypt Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Sea Urchins
Lord-Boring, C., I. J. Zelo, and Z. J. Nixon. 2004. Abandoned vessels: Impacts to coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves in the US Caribbean and pacific territories with implications for removal. Marine Technology Society Journal 38:26-28. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Security Policies; Storms & Hurricanes
Kolian, S. and A. Walker. 2004. Louisiana is losing critical reef habitat and job opportunities. Sea Technology 45:31-34. 2004 Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Tourism & Recreation
Finkl, C. W. 2004. Coastal classification: Systematic approaches to consider in the development of a comprehensive scheme. Journal of Coastal Research 20:166-213. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Goffredo, S., G. Mattiolo, and F. Zaccani. 2004. Growth and population dynamics model of the Mediterranean solitary coral Balanophyllia europaea (Scleractinia, Dendrophylliidae). Coral Reefs 23:433-443. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Resource Use Management; Stony Coral
Guidetti, P., A. Terlizzi, and F. Boero. 2004. Effects of the edible sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, fishery along the Apulian rocky coast (SE Italy, Mediterranean Sea). Fisheries Research 66:287-297. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Morton, B. 2004. A marine heritage forgotten. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48:417-419. 2004
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 2: delving deeper into the sea's bounty. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A472-481. 2004 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Forrester, G. E. and M. A. Steele. 2004. Predators, prey refuges, and the spatial scaling of density-dependent prey mortality. Ecology 85:1332-1342. 2004 Special Use Permitting
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 1: eating away at a global food source. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A282-A291. 2004 Global Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens
Wettle, M., V. E. Brando, and A. G. Dekker. 2004. A methodology for retrieval of environmental noise equivalent spectra applied to four Hyperion scenes of the same tropical coral reef. Remote Sensing of Environment 93:188-197. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Gutierrez-Rodriguez, C. and H. R. Lasker. 2004. Microsatellite variation reveals high levels of genetic variability and population structure in the gorgonian coral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae across the Bahamas. Molecular Ecology 13:2211-2221. 2004 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Octocoral
Amand, M., D. Pelletier, J. Ferraris, and M. Kulbicki. 2004. A step toward the definition of ecological indicators of the impact of fishing on the fish assemblage of the Abore reef reserve (New Caledonia). Aquatic Living Resource 17:139-149. 2004 New Caledonia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Burke, L. and J. Maidens. 2004. Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Climate; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Jarving, R., I. Jarving, R. Kurg, A. R. Brash, and N. Samel. 2004. On the evolutionary origin of cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes: Characterization of marine invertebrate COX genes points to independent duplication events in vertebrate and invertebrate lineages. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279:13624-13633. 2004 Special Use Permitting
Sammarco, P. W., A. D. Atchison, and G. S. Boland. 2004. Expansion of coral communities within the Northern Gulf of Mexico via offshore oil and gas platforms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 280:129-143. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Oil & Gas Rigs; Stony Coral; Valuation
Bandaranayake, A. G., P. R. T. Cumaranatunga, and M. F. M. Fairoz. 2004. Impact of sedimentation and its organic matter content on two reef sites in the southern coastal belt of Sri Lanka. Pages 495-500 in Remediation of Contaminated Sediments - 2003: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. 2004 Sri Lanka Algae; Remediation; Sediment
Burke, C. D., T. M. McHenry, W. D. Bischoff, E. S. Huttig, W. Yang, and L. Thorndyke. 2004. Coral mortality, recovery and reef degradation at Mexico Rocks Patch Reef Complex, Northern Belize, Central America: 1995-1997. Hydrobiologia 481-487. 2004 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Skeletal Coral
Birkeland, C. 2004. Ratcheting down the coral reefs. Bioscience 54:1021-1027. 2004 Global CO2; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Sediment
Weight, A. 2004. Artificial reef in Newquay, UK. Pages 87-95 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Municipal Engineer. 2004 Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Tourism & Recreation
Goeke, R. F. 2004. The coral reef satellite mission. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5569:107-115. 2004 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Kaunda-Arara, B. and G. A. Rose. 2004. Effects of marine reef National Parks on fishery CPUE in coastal Kenya. Biological Conservation 118:13-Jan. 2004 Kenya Model Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Guillaume, M. M. M. 2004. Corals and coral trade [Les coraux et leur commerce]. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 129:28-Nov. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; Fiji; Indonesia; Philippines; Taiwan; Europe; Spain; France Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Monetary Valuation; Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Cesar, H. and C. K. Chong. 2004. Economic valuation and socioeconomics of coral reefs: methodological issues and three case studies. Pages 14-40 in M. Ahmed, C. K. Chong, and H. Cesar, editors. Economic valuation and policy piorities for sustainable management of coral reefs. World Fish Center Conference ProceedingsWorld Fish Center Conference Proceedings. 2004 Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Howard, E. G., J. J. Pereira, G. J. Dittberner, M. Griffin, and H.-H. Burke. 2004. Remote sensing opportunities for coastal management. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5548:25-36. 2004 Review; Remote Sensing Resource Use Management
Brown, E., E. Cox, P. Jokiel, K. u. Rodgers, W. Smith, B. Tissot, S. L. Coles, and J. Hultquist. 2004. Development of benthic sampling methods for the Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) in Hawaii. Pacific Science 58:145-158. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Monetary Valuation
Steel, G., A. Bundy, and M. Maidl. 2004. Attacking a protocol for group key agreement by refuting incorrect inductive conjectures. Pages 137-151 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science). 2004 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Deutsch, L., C. Folke, and K. Ska�nberg. 2004. The critical natural capital of ecosystem performance as insurance for human well-being. Ecological Economics 44:205-217. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Shick, J. M. 2004. The continuity and intensity of ultraviolet irradiation affect the kinetics of biosynthesis, accumulation, and conversion of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the coral Stylophora pistillata. Limnology and Oceanography 49:442-458. 2004 Lab Study Light; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Chapman, B. and J. R. Turner. 2004. Development of a geographical information system for the marine resources of Rodrigues. Journal of Natural History 38:2937-2957. 2004 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Octopus & Squid; Skeletal Coral
Garcia-Charton, J. A., A. Perez-Ruzafa, P. Sanchez-Jerez, J. T. Bayle-Sempere, O. Renones, and D. Moreno. 2004. Multi-scale spatial heterogeneity, habitat structure, and the effect of marine reserves on Western Mediterranean rocky reef fish assemblages. Marine Biology 144:161-182. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
van Duin, M. J. P., N. R. Wiersma, D. J. R. Walstra, L. C. van Rijn, and M. J. F. Stive. 2004. Nourishing the shoreface: Observations and hindcasting of the Egmond case, The Netherlands. Coastal Engineering 51:813-837. 2004 Model Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Arias-Gonzalez, J.E., E. Nunez-Lara, C. Gonzalez-Salas, and R. Galzin. 2004. Trophic models for investigation of fishing effect on coral reef ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 172:197-212. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Primary Production
Mendoza Baldwin, E. G. and R. Silva Casarin. 2004. Beach profile model in the presence of submerged protection structures [Modelo de perfil de playa en presencia de estructuras sumergidas de proteccion]. Ingenieria Hidraulica en Mexico 19:16-May. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Gales, N., R. D. McCauley, J. Lanyon, and D. Holley. 2004. Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: Evidence for large-scale migration. Wildlife Research 31:283-290. 2004 Australia Marine Protected Areas
Zoccola, D., E. Tambutte, E. Kulhanek, S. Puverel, J.-C. Scimeca, D. Allemand, and S. Tambutte. 2004. Molecular cloning and localization of a PMCA P-type calcium ATPase from the coral Stylophora pistillata. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes 1663:117-126. 2004 Model Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Suzuki, R. O., K. Tatemoto, and H. Kitagawa. 2004. Preparation of hydrogen storage alloys from the oxides by calcium co-reduction in molten CaCl2. Page 2470 in Meeting Abstracts. 2004
Tripati, S., A. S. Gaur, Sundaresh, and K. H. Vora. 2004. Shipwreck archaeology of Goa: Evidence of maritime contacts with other countries. Current Science 86:1238-1245. 2004 India Housing
Chen, C.-Y., K.-T. Shao, and Y.-Y. Tu. 2004. Effect of thermal discharges on the fish assemblages of a nuclear power plant in northern Taiwan. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 12:404-410. 2004 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish
Foale, S. and B. Manele. 2004. Social and political barriers to the use of Marine Protected Areas for conservation and fishery management in Melanesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 45:373-386. 2004 Solomon Islands; Papua New Guinea Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Chee, Y. E. 2004. An ecological perspective on the valuation of ecosystem services. Biological Conservation 120:549-565. 2004 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Bellwood, D. R., T. P. Hughes, C. Folke, and M. Nystrom. 2004. Confronting the coral reef crisis. Nature 429:827-833. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Review Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Jonathan, M. P., V. Ram-Mohan, and S. Srinivasalu. 2004. Geochemical variations of major and trace elements in recent sediments, off the Gulf of Mannar, the southeast coast of India. Environmental Geology 45:466-480. 2004 India Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Uthicke, S., D. Welch, and J. A. H. Benzie. 2004. Slow growth and lack of recovery in overfished holothurians on the Great Barrier Reef: Evidence from DNA fingerprints and repeated large-scale surveys. Conservation Biology 18:1395-1404. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Nutrients
Little, L. R., S. Kuikka, A. E. Punt, F. Pantus, C. R. Davies, and B. D. Mapstone. 2004. Information flow among fishing vessels modelled using a Bayesian network. Environmental Modelling & Software 19:27-34. 2004 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Oyawa, W. O. 2004. Eco-materials for developing countries. Structural Engineering International: Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) 14:208-212. 2004 Global; Kenya
Rau, G. H., K. G. Knauss, W. H. Langer, and K. Caldeira. 2004. CO2 mitigation via accelerated limestone weathering. in ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts. 2004 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Mitigation
Bruggemann, J. H., R. T. Buffler, M. M. M. Guillaume, R. C. Walter, R. Von Cosel, B. N. Ghebretensae, and S. M. Berhe. 2004. Stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments and model for the deposition of the Abdur Reef Limestone: Context for an important archaeological site from the last interglacial on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 203:179-206. 2004 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
DeMartini, E. E. 2004. Habitat and endemism of recruits to shallow reef fish populations: Selection criteria for no-take MPAs in the NWHI coral reef ecosystem reserve. Bulletin of Marine Science 74:185-205. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Gribble, N. A. 2004. A spatially explicit multi-competitor coexistence model of penaeid (shrimp) distribution on the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Modelling 177:61-74. 2004 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Storms & Hurricanes; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Musick, J. A. and J. K. Ellis. 2004. Constraints on sustainable marine fisheries in the United States: A look at the record. Pages 44-66 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); England Review; Model Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Fishing Sector
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, and W. R. Matzie. 2004. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef communities in the Lower Florida Keys: Discrimination of local versus regional nitrogen sources. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:23-58. 2004 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sun, W. H., J. B. Lo, F. M. Robert, C. Ray, and C.-S. Tang. 2004. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal soils: I. Selection of promising woody plants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 11:260-266. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Military; Remediation; Salinity; Sediment
Pomeroy, R. S., J. E. Parks, and L. M. Watson. 2004. How is your MPA doing? a guidebook of natural and social indicators for evaluating marine protected area management effectiveness. he World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 2004 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Berlinck, R. G. S., E. Hajdu, R. M. Da Rocha, J. H. H. L. De Oliveira, I. L. C. Hernandez, M. H. R. Seleghim, A. C. Granato, E. V. R. De Almeida, C. V. Nunez, G. Muricy, S. Peixinho, C. Pessoa, M. O. Moraes, B. C. Cavalcanti, G. G. F. Nascimento, O. Thiemann, M. Silva, A. O. Souza, C. L. Silva, and P. R. Minarini. 2004. Challenges and Rewards of Research in Marine Natural Products Chemistry in Brazil. Journal of Natural Products 67:510-522. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Collaboration & Partnering; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Guzman, H. M., C. A. Guevara, and O. Breedy. 2004. Distribution, diversity, and conservation of coral reefs and coral communities in the largest marine protected area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island). Environmental Conservation 31:111-121. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama Algae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Sale, P. F. 2004. Connectivity, recruitment variation, and the structure of reef fish communities. Pages 390-399 in Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2004 Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Brock, R. J. and B. F. Culhane. 2004. The no-take research natural area of Dry Tortugas National Park (Florida): Wishful thinking or responsible planning? Pages 67-74 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Gaston, T. F., A. Kostoglidis, and I. M. Suthers. 2004. The 13C, 15N and 34S signatures of a rocky reef planktivorous fish indicate different coastal discharges of sewage. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:689-699. 2004 Discharges; Fish; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Duval, M. A., D. N. Rader, K. C. Lindeman. 2004. Linking habitat protection and marine protected area programs to conserve coral reefs and associated back reef habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:321-334. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Nardi, K., G. P. Jones, M. J. Moran, and Y. W. Cheng. 2004. Contrasting effects of marine protected areas on the abundance of two exploited reef fishes at the sub-tropical Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Environmental Conservation 31:160-168. 2004 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Okey, T. A., S. Banks, A. F. Born, R. H. Bustamante, M. Calvopina, G. J. Edgar, E. Espinoza, J. M. Farina, L. E. Garske, G. K. Reck, S. Salazar, S. Shepherd, V. Toral-Granda, and P. Wallem. 2004. A trophic model of a Galapagos subtidal rocky reef for evaluating fisheries and conservation strategies. Ecological Modelling 172:383-401. 2004 Model Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Ochiewo, J. 2004. Changing fisheries practices and their socioeconomic implications in South Coast Kenya. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:389-408. 2004 Kenya Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Corson, M. R., J. H. Bowles, W. Chen, C. O. Davis, K. H. Gallelli, D. R. Konvan, P. G. Lucey, T. J. Mosher, and R. Holasek. 2004. The HICO Program - Hyperspectral Imaging of the Coastal Ocean from the international space station. Pages 4184-4186 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2004 Lab Study; Remote Sensing Collaboration & Partnering
Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2004. Southeast Florida coral reef initiative: a local action strategy. 2004 Florida Coastal Development; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest
Sealey, K. S. 2004. Large-scale ecological impacts of development on tropical islands systems: Comparison of developed and undeveloped islands in the central Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:295-320. 2004 Bahamas Algae; Coastal Development; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Pais, A., E. Azzurro, and L. A. Chessa. 2004. Distribution patterns of coastal fish assemblages associated with different rocky substrates in Asinara Island National Park (Sardinia, Italy). Italian Journal of Zoology 71:309-316. 2004 Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Goldshmid, R., R. Holzman, D. Weihs, and A. Genin. 2004. Aeration of corals by sleep-swimming fish. Limnology and Oceanography 49:1832-1839. 2004 Lab Study Algae; Fish; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Wilkinson, C. 2004. Status of the coral reefs of the world: 2004 Volume 1. Australian Institution of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia. 2004 Global Climate; Cultural Protections; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Shipp, R. L. 2004. Harvest benefits: Marine reserves or traditional fishery management tools. Pages 125-131 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Flynn, A. M. 2004. Marine protected areas: federal legal authority. Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC. 2004 Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Buonaccorsi, V. P., M. Westerman, J. Stannard, C. Kimbrell, E. Lynn, and R. D. Vetter. 2004. Molecular genetic structure suggests limited larval dispersal in grass rockfish, Sebastes rastrelliger. Marine Biology 145:779-788. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Takemura, A., MD .S . Rahman, S. Nakamura, J. P. Young, and K. Takano. 2004. Lunar cycles and reproductive activity in reef fishes with particular attention to rabbitfishes. Fish and Fisheries 5:317-328. 2004 Review Fish; Special Use Permitting
Wielgus, J. 2004. General protocol for calculating the basis of monetary legal claims for damages to coral reefs by vessel groundings and an application to the northern Red Sea. Israel Nature and National Parks Protection Authority, Jerusalem. 2004 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Wilkinson, C. 2004. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004 volume 2. Australian Institution of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia. 2004 Global; South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Micronesia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Niue; Samoa; Tuvalu; Kiribati; Cook Islands; American Samoa; Caribbean Climate; Cultural Protections; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Cappo, M., P. Speare, and G. De'Ath. 2004. Comparison of baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) and prawn (shrimp) trawls for assessments of fish biodiversity in inter-reefal areas of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 302:123-152. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rockloff, S. F. and S. Lockie. 2004. Participatory tools for coastal zone management: Use of stakeholder analysis and social mapping in Australia. Journal of Coastal Conservation 10:81-92. 2004 Australia GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Cesar, H. S. J., P. van Beukering, R. Payet, and E. Grandourt. 2004. Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of marine ecosystem degradation in the Seychelles. Cesar Environmental Economics Consulting, Netherlands. 2004 Seychelles Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Leopold, M., J. Ferraris, and P. Labrosse. 2004. Assessment of the reliability of fish consumption as an indicator of reef fish catches in small Pacific islands: The example of Ouvea Island in New Caledonia. Aquatic Living Resource 17:119-127. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Resource Use Management
Jenkins, G. P. 2004. The ecosystem effects of abalone fishing: A review. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:545-552. 2004 Review; Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Blidberg, E. 2004. Effects of copper and decreased salinity on survival rate and development of Tridacna gigas larvae. Marine Environmental Research 58:793-797. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2004. Managing the marine aquarium trade: Is eco-certification the answer? Environmental Conservation 31:339-348. 2004 Global; Indonesia; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Thompson, G., R. Smith, A. Lunn, D. Hutt, D. W. Burlton, and A. Charman. 2004. Bogged down with conservation work: Restoration of internationally important mire sites in Northern England. Biologist 51:45-48. 2004 England Landscape Conservation & Restoration
McConochie, J. D., T. A. Hardy, and L. B. Mason. 2004. Modelling tropical cyclone over-water wind and pressure fields. Ocean Engineering 31:1757-1782. 2004 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Storms & Hurricanes
Watson, M. and J. L. Munro. 2004. Settlement and recruitment of coral reef fishes in moderately exploited and overexploited Caribbean ecosystems: Implications for marine protected areas. Fisheries Research 69:415-425. 2004 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Hyams, M., R. Gorham, B. B. Gorham, L. Howitt, and K. Dixon. 2004. Best practice methods for offshore pipeline installation in sensitive shallow water marine environments. in SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines
Fourqurean, J. W. and L. M. Rutten. 2004. The impact of Hurricane Georges on soft-bottom, back reef communities: site- and species-specific effects in south Florida seagrass beds. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:239-257. 2004 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Kelty, R., K. Andrews, J. Wheaton, L. Nall, C. Beaver, W. Japp, B. Keller, V. R. Leeworthy, J. A. Bohnsack, T. Matthews, J. Ault, F. Ferro, G. Delgado, D. Harper, J. Hunt, B. Sharp, C. Pattengil-Semmens, S. Smith, R. Spieler, R.E. Dodge, D. Gilliam, B. Goodwin, G. Schmahl, E. Hickerson, J. R. Garcia, C. Lilyestrom, R. Appeldoorn, A. Bruckner, E. Williams, C. .F.G. Jeffrey, U. Alauf, A. Riedlander, C. Rogers, J. Miller, J. Beets, R. Nemeth, S. Herzlieb, V. Mayor, W. Toller, Z. Hillis-Starr, S. Caseau, and M. Miller. 2004. Status of coral reefs in the U.S. Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico: Florida, Flower Garden Banks, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Navassa. Pages 431-450 Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004. Volume 2. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 2004 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Climate; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Williamson, D. H., G. R. Russ, and A. M. Ayling. 2004. No-take marine reserves increase abundance and biomass of reef fish on inshore fringing reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Conservation 31:149-159. 2004 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Beger, M., A. R. Harborne, T. P. Dacles, J.-L. Solandt, and G. L. Ledesma. 2004. A framework of lessons learned from community-based marine reserves and its effectiveness in guiding a new coastal management initiative in the Philippines. Environmental Management 34:786-801. 2004 Philippines Review Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Lynch, T.P., E. Wilkinson, L. Melling, R. Hamilton, A. Macready, and S. Feary. 2004. Conflict and Impacts of Divers and Anglers in a Marine Park. Environmental Management 33:196-211. 2004 Australia; Cuba Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Mohammad, A. and D. Yue. 2004. Complexity of capacity estimation of driven piles in weathered coral limestone. Pages 131-140 in Port Development in the Changing World, PORTS 2004, Proceedings of the Conference. 2004 Remediation
Barker, N. H. L. and C. M. Roberts. 2004. Scuba diver behaviour and the management of diving impacts on coral reefs. Biological Conservation 120:481-489. 2004 Cuba; St. Lucia Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Chiappone, M., D. W. Swanson, S. L. Miller, and H. Dienes. 2004. Spatial distribution of lost fishing gear on fished and protected offshore reefs in the Florida Keys national marine sanctuary. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:312-326. 2004 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Tissot, B. N., W. J. Walsh, and L. E. Hallacher. 2004. Evaluating effectiveness of a marine protected area network in West Hawai'i to increase productivity of an aquarium fishery. Pacific Science 58:175-188. 2004 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
van Beukering, P. J. H. and H. S. J. Cesar. 2004. Ecological economic modeling of coral reefs: Evaluating tourist overuse at Hanauma Bay and algae blooms at the Kīhei Coast, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 58:243-260. 2004 Model Algae; Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Elvidge, C. D., J. B. Dietz, R. Berkelmans, S. Andrefouet, W. Skirving, A. E. Strong, and B. T. Tuttle. 2004. Satellite observation of Keppel Islands (Great Barrier Reef) 2002 coral bleaching using IKONOS data. Coral Reefs 23:123-132. 2004 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Coleman, F. C., P. B. Baker, and C. C. Koenig. 2004. A Review of Gulf of Mexico Marine Protected Areas: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned. Fisheries 29:21-Oct. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Watanabe, K., K. Sugiyama, and A. Nakamura. 2004. A concept of distributed compact AUV groups for the continuous monitoring of coastal sea environment. Pages 511-516 in Ocean '04 - MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04: Bridges across the Oceans - Conference Proceedings. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Small Boats; Waterborne Discharges
Kamukuru, A. T., Y. D. Mgaya, and M. C. Ohman. 2004. Evaluating a marine protected area in a developing country: Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:321-337. 2004 Tanzania Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Munksgaard, N. C., Y. Antwertinger, and D. L. Parry. 2004. Laser ablation ICP-MS analysis of faviidae corals for environmental monitoring of a tropical estuary. Environmental Chemistry 1:188-196. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Mumby, P. J., A. J. Edwards, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, K. C. Lindeman, P. G. Blackwell, A. Gall, M. I. Gorczynska, A. R. Harborne, C. L. Pescod., H. Renken, C. C. C. Wabnitz, and G. Llewenyn. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427:533-536. 2004 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dunbabin, M., P. Corke, and G. Buskey. 2004. Low-cost vision-based AUV guidance system for reef navigation. Pages 12-Jul in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Infrastructure
Wooldridge, S. and T. Done. 2004. Learning to predict large-scale coral bleaching from past events: A Bayesian approach using remotely sensed data, in-situ data, and environmental proxies. Coral Reefs 23:96-108. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Overholtzer-McLeod, K. L. 2004. Variance in reef spatial structure masks density dependence in coral-reef fish populations on natural versus artificial reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 276:269-280. 2004 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Jouvenel, J.-Y., F. Bachet, J.-G. Harmelin, and D. Bellan-Santini. 2004. Biological monitoring of a marine reserve ('Cote bleue' marine park, Marseilles Bay, Mediterranean Sea, France) [Suivi biologique d'une reserve marine de la Cote bleue (golfe de Marseille, Mediterranee, France)]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 59:243-251. 2004 France Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Andrulewicz, E., L. Kruk-Dowgiallo, and A. Osowiecki. 2004. Phytobenthos and macrozoobenthos of the Slupsk Bank stony reefs, Baltic Sea. Hydrobiologia 514:163-170. 2004 Algae
Pavageau, J. 2004. Research in human sciences and management of protected areas [La recherche en sciences humaines et la gestion des aires protegees]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 59:71-76. 2004 Global; Reunion Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Schroeder, D. M. and M. S. Love. 2004. Ecological and political issues surrounding decommissioning of offshore oil facilities in the Southern California Bight. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:21-48. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Climate; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Rigs
Verheij, E., S. Makoloweka, and H. Kalombo. 2004. Collaborative coastal management improves coral reefs and fisheries in Tanga, Tanzania. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:309-320. 2004 Tanzania Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Miller, K. J., C. N. Mundy, and W. L. Chadderton. 2004. Ecological and genetic evidence of the vulnerability of shallow-water populations of the stylasterid hydro coral Errina novaezelandiae in New Zealand's fiords. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 14:75-94. 2004 Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Hydrocoral; Tourism & Recreation
Benkendorff, K. and A. R. Davis. 2004. Gastropod egg mass deposition on a temperate, wave-exposed coastline in New South Wales, Australia: Implications for intertidal conservation. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 14:263-280. 2004 Australia Molluscs
Laws, E. A., D. Brown, and C. Peace. 2004. Coastal water quality in the Kihei and Lahaina districts of the island of Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Impacts from physical habitat and groundwater seepage: Implications for water quality standards. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 22:531-546. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Muller, A., M. K. Gagan, and J. M. Lough. 2004. Effect of early marine diagenesis on coral reconstructions of surface-ocean 13C/12C and carbonate saturation state. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18. 2004 Global; Australia Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Marine Protected Areas
Mumby, P. J., W. Skirving, A. E. Strong, J. T. Hardy, E. F. LeDrew, E. J. Hochberg, R. P. Stumpg, and L. T. David. 2004. Remote sensing of coral reefs and their physical environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48:219-228. 2004 Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Internet & Telecommunications; Light
Crabbe, M. J. C., S. Karaviotis, and D. J. Smith. 2004. Monitoring growth of hard corals as performance indicators for coral reefs. Journal of Biological Education 38:113-117. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Jamaica; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Stony Coral
DeMartini, E. E. and A. M. Friedlander. 2004. Spatial patterns of endemism in shallow-water reef fish populations of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 271:281-296. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Denny, C. M., T. J. Willis, and R. C. Babcock. 2004. Rapid recolonisation of snapper Pagrus auratus: Sparidae within an offshore island marine reserve after implementation of no-take status. Marine Ecology Progress Series 272:183-190. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Dollar, S.J., R.W. Grigg. 2004. Anthropogenic and Natural Stresses on Selected Coral Reefs in Hawai'i: A Multidecade Synthesis of Impact and Recovery. Pacific Science 58:281-304. 2004 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Firn, R. D. 2003. Bioprospecting - why is it so unrewarding? Biodiversity and Conservation 12:207-216. 2003 Columbia Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2003 Domestic Animal Waste; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Stachowitsch, M. 2003. Research on intact marine ecosystems: A lost era. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:801-805. 2003 Global Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Sea Turtles; Whales & Dolphins
Melville-Smith, R., Y. W. Cheng, and A. W. Thomson. 2003. Factors affecting colour change in 'white' western rock lobsters, Panulirus cygnus. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 291:111-129. 2003 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Monetary Valuation
Green, E. and R. Donnelly. 2003. Recreational scuba diving in Caribbean marine protected areas: Do the users pay? Ambio 32:140-144. 2003 South & Central America; Florida; Cuba; Caribbean Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Gittings, S. R., K. Benson, L. Takata, and K. Witman. 2003. Conservation science in the National Marine Sanctuary Program. Marine Technology Society Journal 37:9-May. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Whales & Dolphins
Harriott, V. J. 2003. Can corals be harvested sustainably? Ambio 32:130-133. 2003 Europe Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Westera, M., P. Lavery, and G. Hyndes. 2003. Differences in recreationally targeted fishes between protected and fished areas of a coral reef marine park. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 294:145-168. 2003 Australia; Indian Ocean; India Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Cheevaporn, V. and P. Menasveta. 2003. Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:43-51. 2003 Thailand Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Plankton; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Rodriguez-Lanetty, M., S.-J. Chang, and J.-I. Song. 2003. Specificity of two temperate dinoflagellate-anthozoan associations from the north-western Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology 143:1193-1199. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Russ, G. R., A. C. Alcala, and A. P. Maypa. 2003. Spillover from marine reserves: The case of Naso vlamingii at Apo Island, the Philippines. Marine Ecology Progress Series 264:15-20. 2003 Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Huang, L., Y. Tan, X. Song, X. Huang, H. Wang, S. Zhang, J. Dong, and R. Chen. 2003. The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:180-186. 2003 China Fish; Mangroves; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Plankton; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Evans, B. K., D. Hill, J. E. Miller, J. R. Smith, and J. B. Weirich. 2003. Collaborative nautical charting and scientific seabed mapping missions: A case study in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Page 986 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering
Allen, J. P., M. Nelson, and A. Alling. 2003. The legacy of biosphere 2 for the study of biospherics and closed ecological systems. Advances in Space Research 31:1629-1639. 2003 Global; Columbia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; CO2; Nutrients; Pathogens; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Burrage, D. M., M. L. Heron, J. M. Hacker, J. L. Miller, T. C. Stieglitz, C. R. Steinberg, and A. Prytz. 2003. Structure and influence of tropical river plumes in the Great Barrier Reef: Application and performance of an airborne sea surface salinity mapping system. Remote Sensing of Environment 85:204-220. 2003 Australia GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Runghen, H., M. Bhuruth, S. D. D. V. Rughooputh, and H. C. S. Rughooputh. 2003. Oil spill information system for mauritius: Oil spill shoreline sensitivity mapping & analysis. Pages 450-455 in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. 2003 Mauritius Model; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills
Perry, A. N. and M. S. Grober. 2003. A model for social control of sex change: Interactions of behavior, neuropeptides, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids. Hormones and Behavior 43:31-38. 2003 Europe Model Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Zubillaga, A. L., S. M. Pauls, and A. Croquer. 2003. Evaluation of the impact of recreational dive activity on the community structure of some coral reefs at Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela [Evaluacion de las actividades del buceo recreativo sobre la estructura comunitaria de algunos arreci. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:189-195. 2003 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Pathogens; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Karr, J. R. and D. N. Kimberling. 2003. A terrestrial arthropod index of biological integrity for shrub-steppe landscapes. Northwest Science 77:202-213. 2003 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Arthropods; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Toxics
Lindsey, G., J. A. Todd, and S. J. Hayter. 2003. A Handbook for Planning and Conducting Charrettes for High-Performance Projects. NREL/BK-710-33425, National Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, (Colorado, USA). 2003 Collaboration & Partnering; Storms & Hurricanes
Ginsburg, R. N. and J. C. Lang. 2003. Status of coral reefs in the western Atlantic: Results of initial surveys, Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) program. Atoll Research Bulletin 496:vii-xiii. 2003 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Stony Coral
Thompson, A. 2003. Victorian collaboration: Anglo-Indian embroidery. Embroidery 54:28-29. 2003 India Collaboration & Partnering
McBride, R. S., J. R. Styer, and R. Hudson. 2003. Spawning cycles and habitats for ballyhoo (Hemiramphus brasiliensis) and balao (H. balao) in south Florida. Fishery Bulletin 101:583-589. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Eggleston, D. B., E. G. Johnson, G. T. Kellison, and D. A. Nadeau. 2003. Intense removal and non-saturating functional responses by recreational divers on spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 257:197-207. 2003 South & Central America; Florida; Cuba; Caribbean Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Clarke, P. J., T. Komatsu, J. D. Bell, F. Lasi, C. P. Oengpepa, and J. Leqata. 2003. Combined culture of Trochus niloticus and giant clams (Tridacnidae): Benefits for restocking and farming. Aquaculture 215:123-144. 2003 Solomon Islands Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Isoun, E., C. Fletcher, N. Frazer, and J. Gradie. 2003. Multi-spectral mapping of reef bathymetry and coral cover; Kailua Bay, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 22:68-82. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 2003. Profiles and economic contribution: general visitors to Monroe County, Florida 2000-2001. 2003 Florida Collaboration & Partnering
Vermeij, M. J. A., E. Sampayo, K. Broker, and R. P. M. Bak. 2003. Variation in planulae release of closely related coral species. Marine Ecology Progress Series 247:75-84. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Perreault, H. A. N., K. Semsar, and J. Godwin. 2003. Fluoxetine treatment decreases territorial aggression in a coral reef fish. Physiology and Behavior 79:719-724. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Bell, F. W. 2003. Policy white paper on socioeconomic study of reefs in Southeast Florida. 2003 Florida Artificial Habitat; Economic Markets & Policies
[No author name available]. 2003. Projects: Broward-Bahamas pipeline gets preliminary FERC nod. Pipeline and Gas Journal 230. 2003 Florida; Bahamas Fish; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines
Bosence, D. and J. Wilson. 2003. Maerl growth, carbonate production rates and accumulation rates in the northeast Atlantic. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Spain; France; Norway Agriculture; Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Monaco, M. E., M. S. Kendall, J. L. Higgins, C. E. Alexander, and M. S. Tartt. 2003. Biogeographic assessments of NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries: The integration of ecology and GIS technology. Pages 1489-1498 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas
Ferguson, N. M., M. J. Keeling, W. J. Edmunds, R. Gani, B. T. Grenfell, R. M. Anderson, and S. Leach. 2003. Planning for smallpox outbreaks. Nature 425:681-685. 2003 Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens
Kelly, S. and A. B. MacDiarmid. 2003. Movement patterns of mature spiny lobsters, Jasus edwardsii, from a marine reserve. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 37:149-158. 2003 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Tian, W.-M. 2003. Positioning of Artificial Benthic Habitats off Mito, Southwestern Coast of Taiwan. Pages 794-801 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2003 Taiwan Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Gribble, N.A. 2003. GBR-prawn: modelling ecosystem impacts of changes in fisheries management of the commercial prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery in the far northern Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research 65:493-506. 2003 Australia Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cervino, J. M., R.L. Hayes, M. Honovich, T.J. Goreau, S. Jones, and P.J. Rubec. 2003. Changes in zooxanthellae density, morphology, and mitotic index in hermatypic corals and anemones exposed to cyanide. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:573-586. 2003 Southeast Asia Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Hydrocoral; Microorganisms; Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
West, J. M. and R. V. Salm. 2003. Resistance and Resilience to Coral Bleaching: Implications for Coral Reef Conservation and Management. Conservation Biology 17:956-967. 2003 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Marine Protected Areas
Epstein, N., R. P. M. Bak, and B. Rinkevich. 2003. Applying forest restoration principles to coral reef rehabilitation. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13:387-395. 2003 Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Fox, H. E., J. S. Pet, R. Dahuri, and R. L. Caldwell. 2003. Recovery in rubble fields: Long-term impacts of blast fishing. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:1024-1031. 2003 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Warren-Rhodes, K., Y. Sadovy, and H. Cesar. 2003. Marine ecosystem appropriation in the Indo-Pacific: a case study of the live reef fish food trade. Ambio 32:481-488. 2003 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Lirman, D., B. Orlando, S. Macia, D. Manzello, L. Kaufman, P. Biber, and T. Jones. 2003. Coral communities of Biscayne Bay, Florida and adjacent offshore areas: Diversity, abundance, distribution, and environmental correlates. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13:121-135. 2003 Florida Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2003. Coral Princess: First of the new Princess pair from Atlantique. Pages 13-15 Naval Architect. 2003 Cruise Ships; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Jull, A. J. T., G. S. Burr, J. W. Beck, D. J. Donahue, D. Biddulph, A. L. Hatheway, T. E. Lange, and L. R. McHargue. 2003. Accelerator mass spectrometry at Arizona: Geochronology of the climate record and connections with the ocean. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 69:19-Mar. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Sediment
National Research Council. 2003. Oil in the sea III: inputs, fates, and effects. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 2003 Escape & Release of Non-natives; Mitigation
Bandara, N. J. G. J. 2003. Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka. Water Science and Technology 47:305-312. 2003 Sri Lanka Agriculture; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Williams, J. C., G. V. Byrd, and N. B. Konyukhov. 2003. Whiskered Auklets Aethia pygmaea, foxes, humans and how to right a wrong. Marine Ornithology 31:175-180. 2003 Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Webster, M. S. 2003. Temporal density dependence and population regulation in a marine fish. Ecology 84:623-628. 2003 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Special Use Permitting
Singh, H. S. 2003. Marine protected areas in India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 32:226-233. 2003 India GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Wetlands
Patterson, W. F. and J. H. Cowan. 2003. Site fidelity and dispersion of red snapper associated with artificial reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 181-193 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Model Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Jan, R.-Q., C.-T. Ho, and F.-K. Shiah. 2003. Determinants of territory size of the dusky gregory. Journal of Fish Biology 63:1589-1597. 2003 Taiwan Algae; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Hoitink, A. J. F. 2003. Physics of coral reef systems in a shallow tidal embayment. Nederlandse Geografische Studies 313:11-141. 2003 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
De Paula, A. F., M. A. D. O. Figueiredo, and J. C. Creed. 2003. Structure of the macroalgal community associated with the seagrass Halodule wrightii Ascherson in the Abrolhos Marine National Park, Brazil. Botanica Marina 46:413-424. 2003 Cuba Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Call, K. A., J. T. Hardy, and D. O. Wallin. 2003. Coral reef habitat discrimination using multivariate spectral analysis and satellite remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing 24:2627-2639. 2003 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Seagrasses; Substrate
Conruyt, N. and D. Grosser. 2003. Knowledge engineering in environmental sciences with IKBS. Pages 267-278 in AI Communications. 2003 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Internet & Telecommunications
Halpern, B. S. and R. R. Warner. 2003. Matching marine reserve design to reserve objectives. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 270:1871-1876. 2003 Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Sale, P. F. and J. P. Kritzer. 2003. Determining the extent and spatial scale of population connectivity: Decapods and coral reef fishes compared. Fisheries Research 65:153-172. 2003 Review Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Kershaw, S. and L. Guo. 2003. Pleistocene cyanobacterial mounds in the Perachora Peninsula, Gulf of Corinth, Greece: Structure and applications to interpreting sea-level history and terrace sequences in an unstable tectonic setting. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 193:503-514. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Construction Codes & Projects; Cyanobacteria; Marine Debris; Microorganisms; Plankton; Water Depth & Sea Level
Graham, N. A. J., R. D. Evans, and G. R. Russ. 2003. The effects of marine reserve protection on the trophic relationships of reef fishes on the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Conservation 30:200-208. 2003 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Singh, H. S. 2003. Sea mammals in marine protected area in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat State, India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 32:258-262. 2003 India Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Scheffers, S. R., J. De Goeij, F. C. Van Duyl, and R. P. M. Bak. 2003. The cave-profiler: a simple tool to describe the 3-D structure of inaccessible coral reef cavities. Coral Reefs 22:49-53. 2003 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Marshall, N., T. Norall, R. S. Grove, and M. H. S. Elwany. 2003. Artificial reef site selection: Geophysical surveys for San Clemente kelp reef. Pages 793-803 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Review Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Sediment
Smith, L. D., A. P. Negri, E. Philipp, N. S. Webster, and A. J. Heyward. 2003. The effects of antifoulant-paint-contaminated sediments on coral recruits and branchlets. Marine Biology 143:651-657. 2003 Australia Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Turner, R. K., J. Paavola, P. Cooper, S. Farber, V. Jessamy, and S. Georgiou. 2003. Valuing nature: lessons learned and future research directions. Ecological Economics 46:493-510. 2003 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Diamond, A. 2003. Identification and assessment of scleractinians at Tarou Point, Dominica, West Indies. Coastal Management 31:409-421. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Griffiths, D. J. and M. L. Saker. 2003. The Palm Island mystery disease 20 years on: A review of research on the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin. Environmental Toxicology 18:78-93. 2003 Australia Review Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Pathogens
Haley, M. and A. Clayton. 2003. The role of NGOs in environmental policy failures in a developing country: The mismanagement of Jamaica's coral reefs. Environmental Values 12:29-54. 2003 Jamaica Corporate Responses; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Bhat, M. G. 2003. Application of non-market valuation to the Florida Keys marine reserve management. Journal of Environmental Management 67:315-325. 2003 Florida Model Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Franklin, E. C., J. S. Ault, S. G. Smith, J. Luo, G. A. Meester, G. A. Diaz, M. Chiappone, D. W. Swanson, S. L. Miller, and J. A. Bohnsack. 2003. Benthic habitat mapping in the Tortugas Region, Florida. Marine Geodesy 26:19-34. 2003 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Baine, M. and J. Side. 2003. The role of fishermen and other stakeholders in the North Sea rigs-to-reefs debate. Pages 14-Jan in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Oil & Gas Rigs
Borelli, G., N. Mayer-Gostan, P. L. Merle, H. De Pontual, G. Boeuf, D. Allemand, and P. Payan. 2003. Composition of biomineral organic matrices with special emphasis on turbot (Psetta maxima) otolith and endolymph. Calcified Tissue International 72:717-725. 2003 Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Borghesio, L. and P. K. Ndang'ang'a. 2003. Habitat selection and the conservation status of Fischer's turaco Tauraco fischen on Unguja, Tanzania. ORYX 37:444-453. 2003 Tanzania Agriculture; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Wilson, J. R. and P. L. Harrison. 2003. Spawning patterns of scleractinian corals at the Solitary Islands - A high latitude coral community in eastern Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 260:115-123. 2003 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral
Giannini, F., J.-M. Gili, and G. Santangelo. 2003. Relationships between the spatial distribution of red coral Corallium rubrum and coexisting suspension feeders at Medas Islands Marine Protected Area (Spain). Italian Journal of Zoology 70:233-239. 2003 Spain Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Cerepi, A., J.-P. Barde, and N. Labat. 2003. High-resolution characterization and integrated study of a reservoir formation: The danian carbonate platform in the Aquitaine Basin (France). Marine and Petroleum Geology 20:1161-1183. 2003 France Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Lemmens, S. 2003. Periphyton collectors as a tool to measure environmental performance of ocean outlets. Water Science and Technology 47:125-131. 2003 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Wastewater Discharge
Moberg, F. and P. Ronnback. 2003. Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: Interactions, substitutions and restoration. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:27-46. 2003 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Despinoy, M., A. Minghelli-Roman, A. Begue, M. Petit, J. Coudray, and A. Barcelo. 2003. Airborne CASI imagery for bathymetric study in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Pages 2368-2370 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2003 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light
Merks, R., A. Hoekstra, J. Kaandorp, and P. Sloot. 2003. A problem solving environment for modelling stony coral morphogenesis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2657:639-648. 2003 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Aubanel, A., C. Monier, A. Benet, J.-A. Di Jorio, and B. Salvat. 2003. Management plan for marine environment in French Polynesia [Les plans de gestion de l'espace maritime en Polynesie Francaise]. Oceanis 29:375-395. 2003 Special Use Permitting
Harman, N., E. S. Harvey, and G. A. Kendrick. 2003. Differences in fish assemblages from different reef habitats at Hamelin Bay, south-western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 54:177-184. 2003 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Substrate
Bianchi, C. N., M. Pichon, C. Morri, P. Colantoni, F. Benzoni, G. Baldelli, and M. Sandrini. 2003. Monitoring coral bleaching in the Maldives: Lessons to be learned and new hypotheses [Le suivi du blanchissement des coraux aux Maldives: Lecons à tirer et nouvelles hypotheses]. Oceanis 29:325-354. 2003 Maldives Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Monaco, M. E., J. D. Christensen, A. M. Friedlander, M. S. Kendall, and C. Caldow. 2003. Quantifying Habitat Utilization Patterns Of U.S. Caribbean And Hawaii Reef Fish To Define Marine Protected Area Boundaries: The Coupling Of Gis & Ecology. Pages 1-6 in 13th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference. Baltimore,(Maryland, USA). 2003 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Gherardi, D. F. M., C. Z. F. Braga, and V. F. Renno. 2003. The use of numerical experiments on a metapopulation model and remote sensing data for reef conservation. Pages 2371-2373 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2003 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Colin, P. 2003. National strategies for coral reefs [Les actions nationales en faveur des recifs coralliens]. Oceanis 29:429-440. 2003 France Monetary Valuation
Gabrie, C., M. Oberlinkens, M. Porcher, and J.-P. Quod. 2003. A management plan for the lagoon of Mayotte [Plan de gestion du lagon de Mayotte]. Oceanis 29:355-373. 2003 Mayotte Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas
United Nations Environment Program - Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (UNEP/GPA). 2003. Diagnosis of the erosion processes in the Caribbean sandy beaches. Environmental Agency, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Cuba, Cuba. 2003 Global; South & Central America; Cuba; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Wilkinson, C., A. Green, J. Almany, and S. Dionne. 2003. Monitoring coral reef marine protected areas. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research Centre, Townsville, Australia. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Young, R. F. and H. E. Winn. 2003. Activity patterns, diet, and shelter site use for two species of moray eels, Gymnothorax moringa and Gymnothorax vicinus, in Belize. Copeia 44-55. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral
Zeller, D., S. L. Stoute, and G. R. Russ. 2003. Movements of reef fishes across marine reserve boundaries: Effects of manipulating a density gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 254:269-280. 2003 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Shima, J. S. and C. W. Osenberg. 2003. Cryptic density dependence: Effects of covariation between density and site quality in reef fish. Ecology 84:46-52. 2003 Fish; Special Use Permitting
Asch, R. G. and D. D. Turgeon. 2003. Detection of gaps in the spatial coverage of coral reef monitoring projects in the US Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:127-140. 2003 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Haiti; Jamaica; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Van Trump, J. 2003. Protecting the 'rainforests of the sea': Creating the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands coral reef ecosystem reserve by executive order. Penn State Environmental Law Review 11:273-293. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Brammer, C. A. and J. F. MacDonald. 2003. Benthic insect fauna of a clean-water stream on Utah's Colorado Plateau, USA. Western North American Naturalist 63:21-34. 2003 Index or Indicator Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cesar, H. S. J. 2003. Economic Valuation of the Egyptian Red Sea Coral Reef. USAID, Egypt. 2003 Egypt Monetary Valuation; Valuation
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector. 2003 Cuba Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Recreational Fishing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Acosta, C. A. and D. N. Robertson. 2003. Comparative spatial ecology of fished spiny lobsters Panulirus argus and an unfished congener P. guttatus in an isolated marine reserve at Glover's Reef atoll, Belize. Coral Reefs 22:9-Jan. 2003 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Hedley, J. D. and P. J. Mumby. 2003. A remote sensing method for resolving depth and subpixel composition of aquatic benthos. Limnology and Oceanography 48:480-488. 2003 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Johns, G. M., V. R. Leeworthy, F. W. Bell, and M. A. Bonn. 2003. Socioeconomic study of reefs in southeast Florida. Hazen and Sawyer. 2003 Florida Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Keller, B.D. and S. Donahue. 2003. 2002-03 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary science report: an ecosystem report card after five years of marine zoning. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP-06-12. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Sanctuary Program, Silver Spring, MD. 2003 Florida Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Monetary Valuation; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Guzman, H. M., C. Guevara, and A. Castillo. 2003. Natural Disturbances and Mining of Panamanian Coral Reefs by Indigenous People. Conservation Biology 17:1396-1401. 2003 South & Central America; Panama; India; Caribbean Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Water Depth & Sea Level
Walmsley, S. F. and A. T. White. 2003. Influence of social, management and enforcement factors on the long-term ecological effects of marine sanctuaries. Environmental Conservation 30:388-407. 2003 Cuba; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Substrate
Zabel, R. W., C. J. Harvey, S. L. Katz, T. P. Good, and P. S. Levin. 2003. Ecologically sustainable yield. American Scientist 91:150-157. 2003
Chiappone, M., H. Dienes, D. W. Swanson, and S. L. Miller. 2003. Density and Gorgonian host-occupation patterns by Flamingo Tongue snails (Cyphoma gibbosum) in the Florida keys. Caribbean Journal of Science 39:116-127. 2003 Florida Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Octocoral; Snails & Conch
Wielgus, J., N.E. Chadwick-Furman, N. Zeitouni, and M. Shechter. 2003. Effects of Coral Reef Attribute Damage on Recreational Welfare. Marine Resource Economics 18:225-237. 2003 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Kuijper, M. W. M. 2003. Marine and coastal environmental awareness building within the context of UNESCO's activities in Asia and the Pacific. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:265-272. 2003 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Thailand; Solomon Islands; Samoa; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Protections
Lam, K. K. Y. 2003. Coral recruitment onto an experimental pulverised fuel ash-concrete artificial reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:642-653. 2003 Artificial Habitat; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Brule, T., X. Renan, T. Coles-Marrufo, Y. Hauyon, A. N. Tuz-Sulub, and C. Deniel. 2003. Reproduction in the protogynous black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey)) from the southern Gulf of Mexico. Fishery Bulletin 101:463-475. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Linton, D. M. and G. F. Warner. 2003. Biological indicators in the Caribbean coastal zone and their role in integrated coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:261-276. 2003 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Index or Indicator Climate; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Mitigation; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Beger, M., G. P. Jones, and P. L. Munday. 2003. Conservation of coral reef biodiversity: A comparison of reserve selection procedures for corals and fishes. Biological Conservation 111:53-62. 2003 Index or Indicator Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Joannot, P. 2003. The role and importance of protected areas of coral reefs: The example of French overseas territories [Role et importance des aires protegees dans les recifs coralliens. L'exemple de l'outre-mer francais]. Oceanis 29:415-427. 2003 Australia; Indonesia; Philippines; France Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Non-Monetary Valuation
Van Buskirk, P., C. Ryffel, and D. Clare. 2003. Smart tool. Planning 69:32-36. 2003 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Halpern, B. S. 2003. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reverse size matter? Ecological Applications 13:S117-S137. 2003 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Carr, L. and R. Mendelsohn. 2003. Valuing coral reefs: A travel cost analysis of the Great Barrier Reef. Ambio 32:353-357. 2003 Australia Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Hochberg, E. J., S. Andrefouet, and M. R. Tyler. 2003. Sea surface correction of high spatial resolution ikonos images to improve bottom mapping in near-shore environments. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41:1724-1729. 2003 Bahamas GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Substrate
Schroter, U. 2003. Modelling of magnetic effects in near-field optics. European Physical Journal B 33:297-310. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Louchard, E. M., R. P. Reid, F. C. Stephens, C. O. Davis, R. A. Leathers, and T. V. Downes. 2003. Optical remote sensing of benthic habitats and bathymetry in coastal environments at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas: A comparative spectral classification approach. Limnology and Oceanography 48:511-521. 2003 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Light; Seagrasses; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Jimenez-Rodriguez, L. O., E. Rodriguez-Diaz, M. Velez-Reyes, and C. A. DiMarzio. 2003. Image reconstruction and subsurface detection by the application of Tikhonov regularization to inverse problems in hyperspectral images. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4892:398-407. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nanami, A. and M. Nishihira. 2003. Population dynamics and spatial distribution of coral reef fishes: Comparison between continuous and isolated habitats. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68:101-112. 2003 Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Baker, A. C. 2003. Flexibility and Specificity in Coral-Algal Symbiosis: Diversity, Ecology, and Biogeography of Symbiodinium. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:661-689. 2003 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Wiley. P. C. 2003. Valuing our national marine sanctuaries. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD. 2003 Valuation
Andrefouet, S., P. Kramer, D. Torres-Pulliza, K. E. Joyce, E. J. Hochberg, R. Garza-Perez, P. J. Mumby, B. Riegl, H. Yamano, W. H. White, M. Zubia, J. C. Brock, S. R. Phinn, A. Naseer, B. G. Hatcher, and F. E. Muller-Karger. 2003. Multi-site evaluation of IKONOS data for classification of tropical coral reef environments. Remote Sensing of Environment 88:128-143. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment
Peckol, P. M., H. A. Curran, E. Y. Floyd, M. L. Robbart, B. J. Greenstein, and K. L. Buckman. 2003. Assessment of selected reef sites in northern and southern central Belize, including recovery from bleaching and hurricane disturbances (stony corals, algae and fish). Atoll Research Bulletin 146-171. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Turf Algae
The Coral Reef Sub-theme Team, editor. 2003. IGOS Coral Reef Sub-theme Report. Integrated Global Observing Strategy. 2003 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Protections; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Philipson, P. and T. Lindell. 2003. Can Coral Reefs Be Monitored from Space? Ambio 32:586-593. 2003 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Manfrino, C., B. Riegl, J. L. Hall, and R. Graifman. 2003. Status of coral reefs of Little Cayman, Grand Cayman and Cayman brac, British West Indies, in 1999 and 2000 (part 1: Stony corals and algae). Atoll Research Bulletin 204-225. 2003 Cayman Islands Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Storlazzi, C. D., J. B. Logan, and M. E. Field. 2003. Quantitative morphology of a fringing reef tract from high-resolution laser bathymetry: Southern Molokai, Hawaii. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 115:1344-1355. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Capolsini, P., S. Andrefouet, C. Rion, and C. Payri. 2003. A comparison of Landsat ETM+, SPOT HRV, Ikonos, ASTER, and airborne MASTER data for coral reef habitat mapping in South Pacific islands. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 29:187-200. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Pattengill-Semmens C.V., Semmens B.X. 2003. Conservation and management applications of the reef volunteer fish monitoring program. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 81:43-50. 2003 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Social Organizations
Rees, W. E. 2003. Economic development and environmental protection: An ecological economics perspective. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 86:29-45. 2003 Global Model Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mining Policies; Non-Monetary Valuation
[No author name available]. 2003. Oceans 2003 MTS/IEEE Proceedings. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Wastewater Discharge; Whales & Dolphins
Guidetti, P., A. Terlizzi, S. Fraschetti, and F. Boero. 2003. Changes in Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblages exposed to sewage pollution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 253:269-278. 2003 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Quinn, N. J. and B. L. Kojis. 2003. Variation in subsurface seawater temperature off Discovery Bay, Jamaica and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:181-187. 2003 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Storms & Hurricanes
Stevens, T. and R. M. Connolly. 2003. Shallow water crinoids are on soft sediments too: Evidence from a video survey of a subtropical estuary. Bulletin of Marine Science 73:593-604. 2003 Australia GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Sediment; Substrate
Bouvet, G., J. Ferraris, and S. Andrefouet. 2003. Evaluation of large-scale unsupervised classification of New Caledonia reef ecosystems using Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery. Oceanologica Acta 26:281-290. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Seagrasses
Kirkman, H. and J. A. Kirkman. 2002. The management of seagrasses in Southeast Asia. Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1379-1390. 2002 Global; Southeast Asia Review; GIS & Maps Mangroves; Seagrasses
Richmond, R., R. Kelty, P. Craig, C. Emaurois, A. Green, C. Birkeland, G. Davis, A. Edward, Y. Golbuu, J. Gutierrez, P. Houk, N. Idechong, J. Maragos, G. Paulay, J. Starmer, A. Tafileichig, M. Trianni, and N. V. Velde. 2002. Status of the coral reefs in micronesia and American Samoa: US affiliated and freely associated islands in the Pacific. Pages 217-236 in C.R. Wilkinson, editor. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2002. GCRMN Report. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Palau; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Seastars; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Germano, J. D., C. A. Reid, P. G. D. Whiteside, and R. Kennish. 2002. Field verification of computer models predicting plume dispersion in Hong Kong. Pages 859-873 in Dredging, Key Technologies for Global Prosperity. 2002 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Sediment
Gullstrom, M., M. De La Torre Castro, S. O. Bandeira, M. Bjork, M. Dahlberg, N. Kautsky, P. Ronnback, and M. C. Ohman. 2002. Seagrass ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean. Ambio 31:588-596. 2002 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius; Reunion; India; South Africa; France Review; Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Benkendorff, K. and A. R. Davis. 2002. Identifying hotspots of molluscan species richness on rocky intertidal reefs. Biodiversity and Conservation 11:1959-1973. 2002 Australia Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs
Christie, P., A. White, and E. Deguit. 2002. Starting point or solution? Community-based marine protected areas in the Philippines. Journal of Environmental Management 66:441-454. 2002 Philippines Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Small Boats; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Hoffmann, T. C. 2002. The reimplementation of the Ra'ui: Coral reef management in Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Coastal Management 30:401-418. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Tonga; Cook Islands Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Stony Coral
Francis, J., A. Nilsson, and D. Waruinge. 2002. Marine protected areas in the Eastern African Region: How successful are they? Ambio 31:503-511. 2002 Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius Review; Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Corporate Responses; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Owen, R., A. Knap, M. Toaspern, and K. Carbery. 2002. Inhibition of coral photosynthesis by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:623-632. 2002 Florida; US Virgin Islands; Cuba; Bermuda Algae; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Steele, M. A. and G. E. Forrester. 2002. Early postsettlement predation on three reef fishes: Effects on spatial patterns of recruitment. Ecology 83:1076-1091. 2002 Plankton; Special Use Permitting
McClanahan, T. R. 2002. The effects of time, habitat, and fisheries management on Kenyan coral-reef-associated gastropods. Ecological Applications 12:1484-1495. 2002 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Snails & Conch
Mumby, P. J. and A. J. Edwards. 2002. Mapping marine environments with IKONOS imagery: Enhanced spatial resolution can deliver greater thematic accuracy. Remote Sensing of Environment 82:248-257. 2002 Turks and Caicos Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Muchammed, M. V. and I. O. Shilov. 2002. Environmental impact of socioeconomic activity on the Egyptian Red sea coastal zone. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, Seriya Geologiya i Geografiya 2002:92-98. 2002 Egypt Climate; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Sayer, M. D. J. and T. A. Wilding. 2002. Planning, licensing, and stakeholder consultation in an artificial reef development: The Loch Linnhe reef, a case study. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Europe Artificial Habitat
Curley, B. G., M. J. Kingsford, and B. M. Gillanders. 2002. Spatial and habitat-related patterns of temperate reef fish assemblages: Implications for the design of Marine Protected Areas. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:1197-1210. 2002 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges
Schwartz, S. E. 2002. Challenges in EPA's coastal and ocean programs. Sea Technology 43:33-37. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Pocock, C. 2002. Sense matters: Aesthetic values of the Great Barrier Reef. International Journal of Heritage Studies 8:365-381. 2002 Australia Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities
Heyward, A. J., L. D. Smith, M. Rees, and S. N. Field. 2002. Enhancement of coral recruitment by in situ mass culture of coral larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 230:113-118. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Stony Coral
Heron, M. L., D. M. Burrage, and A. Prytz. 2002. Terrigenous runoff in the tropics observed with a scanning low frequency radiometer. Pages 2008-2013 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2002 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Cesar, H. 2002. The biodiversity benefits of coral reef ecosystems: values and markets. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris. 2002 Global; Indonesia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Farber, S. C., R. Costanza, and M. A. Wilson. 2002. Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services. Ecological Economics 41:375-392. 2002 Global Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Cesar, H., P. van Beukering, S. Pintz, and J. Dierking. 2002. Economic valuation of the coral reefs of Hawaii. Hawaii Coral Reefs Initiative, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, US. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Koskela, R. W., P. Ringeltaube, A. R. Small, T. V. Koskela, A. R. Fraser, J. D. Lee, and P. Marshall. 2002. Using predictive monitoring to mitigate construction impacts in sensitive marine environments. Pages 1-15 in Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology. 2002 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Ports & Harbors
Paringit, E. C. and K. Nadaoka. 2002. Reflectance sensitivity of coral reef areas to optically-active constituents in coastal waters: Computer modeling and field observations. Pages 240-242 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Shears, N. T. and R. C. Babcock. 2002. Marine reserves demonstrate top-down control of community structure on temperate reefs. Oecologia 132:131-142. 2002 Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Burton, W. H., J. S. Farrar, F. Steimle, and B. Conlin. 2002. Assessment of out-of-kind mitigation success of an artificial reef deployed in Delaware Bay, USA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Ports & Harbors
Chou, W.-R., K. S. Tew, and L.-S. Fang. 2002. Long-term monitoring of the demersal fish community in a steel-slag disposal area in the coastal waters of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Substrate
Roberts, J. M. and R. M. Anderson. 2002. A new laboratory method for monitoring deep-water coral polyp behaviour. Hydrobiologia 471:143-148. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Samankassou, E. and R. R. West. 2002. Construction versus accumulation in phylloid algal mounds: An example of a small constructed mound in the Pennsylvanian of Kansas, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 185:379-389. 2002 Model Algae; Biocriteria; Echinoderms; Sponges
Jull, A. J., G. S. Burr, J. W. Beck, D. J. Donahue, D. Biddulph, A. L. Hatheway, T. E. Lange, and L. R. McHargue. 2002. Accelerator mass spectrometry at Arizona: geochronology of the climatic record and connections with the ocean. TheScientificWorldJournal 2:1579-1593. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Sediment
Carr M.H., T.W. Anderson, M.A. Hixon. 2002. Biodiversity, population regulation, and the stability of coral-reef fish communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99:11241-11245. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Special Use Permitting
Torres, J. L. and J. Morelock. 2002. Effect of terrigenous sediment influx on coral cover and linear extension rates of three Caribbean massive coral species. Caribbean Journal of Science 38:222-229. 2002 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Iwao, K., T. Fujisawa, and M. Hatta. 2002. A cnidarian neuropeptide of the GLWamide family induces metamorphosis of reef-building corals in the genus Acropora. Coral Reefs 21:127-129. 2002 Europe Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Chiappone, M., D. W. Swanson, and S. L. Miller. 2002. Density, spatial distribution and size structure of sea urchins in Florida Keys coral reef and hard-bottom habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 235:117-126. 2002 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Sea Urchins
Green, D. R. and S. T. Ray. 2002. Using GIS for siting artificial reefs - Data issues, problems and solutions: 'Real World' to 'Real World'. Journal of Coastal Conservation 8:16-Jul. 2002 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Grabowski, H. G., J. Vernon, and J. A. DiMasi. 2002. Returns on research and development for the 1990s new drug introductions. PharmacoEconomics 20:11-29. 2002 Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Shima, J. S. 2002. Mechanisms of density- and number-dependent population regulation of a coral-reef fish. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:175-179. 2002 Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Clarke, S., A. Leung Wai-Yin, Y. M. Mak, R. Kennish, and N. Haggan. 2002. Consultation with local fishers on the Hong Kong artificial reefs initiative. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Model Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Deysher, L. E., T. A. Dean, R. S. Grove, and A. Jahn. 2002. Design considerations for an artificial reef to grow giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Southern California. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Review Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Substrate
Luppi, T. A., E. D. Spivak, K. Anger, and J. L. Valero. 2002. Patterns and processes of Chasmagnathus granulata and Cyrtograpsus angulatus (Brachyura: Grapsidae) recruitment in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon, Argentina. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 55:287-297. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton; Special Use Permitting; Substrate
US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA. 2002 Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge
Ditton, R. B., H. R. Osburn, T. L. Baker, and C. E. Thailing. 2002. Demographics, attitudes, and reef management preferences of sport divers in offshore Texas waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Cowley, P. D., S. L. Brouwer, and R. L. Tilney. 2002. The role of the Tsitsikamma National Park in the management of four shore-angling fish along the south-eastern Cape coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 27-35. 2002 South Africa Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Crabtree, R. E., P. B. Hood, and D. Snodgrass. 2002. Age, growth, and reproduction of permit (Trachinotus falcatus) in Florida waters. Fishery Bulletin 100:26-34. 2002 Florida Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Crosby, M. P., G. Brighouse, and M. Pichon. 2002. Priorities and strategies for addressing natural and anthropogenic threats to coral reefs in Pacific Island Nations. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:121-137. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Recreational Opportunities
Day, J. C. 2002. Zoning - Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:139-156. 2002 Australia; United Kingdom Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Suenaga, Y., K. Masuda, H. Kakegawa, K. Hisamura, A. Suenaga, and K. Kimigawa. 2002. Development of the System for Creating Fishery Ground in and Around the Seto Inland Sea. Pages 420-424 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Fishing Sector
Miller, M. W. and C. L. Gerstner. 2002. Reefs of an uninhabited Caribbean island: Fishes, benthic habitat, and opportunities to discern reef fishery impact. Biological Conservation 106:37-44. 2002 South & Central America; Haiti; Jamaica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Morton, R. A. 2002. Coastal geoindicators of environmental change in the humid tropics. Environmental Geology 42:711-724. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Cook, C. B., E. M. Mueller, M. D. Ferrier, and E. Annis. 2002. The influence of nearshore waters on corals of the Florida Reef Tract. Pages 771-788 in J. W. Porter and K. G. Porter, editors. The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: and ecosystem sourcebook. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 2002 Florida
Ovenden, J. R., J. Lloyd, S. J. Newman, C. P. Keenan, and L. S. Slater. 2002. Spatial genetic subdivision between northern Australian and southeast Asian populations of Pristipomoides multidens: A tropical marine reef fish species. Fisheries Research 59:57-69. 2002 Australia; Papua New Guinea; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Bohnsack, J. A., A. Y. Cantillo, and M. J. Bello (eds.). 2002. Resource Survey of Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary 1983. NOAA/NOS National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD. 2002 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Scientific Research; Sediment; Stony Coral
Godoy, E. A. S., T. C. M. Almeida, and I. R. Zalmon. 2002. Fish assemblages and environmental variables on an artificial reef north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hovland, M., S. Vasshus, A. Indreeide, L. Austdal, and O. Nilsen. 2002. Mapping and imaging deep-sea coral reefs off Norway, 1982-2000. Hydrobiologia 471:13-17. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Norway Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pipelines; Sediment
Cuevas-Jimenez, A., P.-L. Ardisson, and A. R. Condal. 2002. Mapping of shallow coral reefs by colour aerial photography. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23:3697-3712. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Holden, H. 2002. Characterisation of optical water quality in Bunaken National Marine Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 23:23-26. 2002 Indonesia Remote Sensing Marine Protected Areas
Burris, M. W., C. R. Swenson, and G. L. Crawford. 2002. Lee County's variable pricing project. ITE Journal (Institute of Transportation Engineers) 72:36-41. 2002 Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Walter, D. J., D. N. Lambert, and D. C. Young. 2002. Sediment facies determination using acoustic techniques in a shallow-water carbonate environment, Dry Tortugas, Florida. Marine Geology 182:161-177. 2002 Florida GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Leidel, D. J. 2002. Explosive operations and its regulation in the Gulf of Mexico. Pages 343-361 in Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Mitigation; Special Use Permitting
James, M. K., P. R. Armsworth, L. B. Mason, and L. Bode. 2002. The structure of reef fish metapopulations: Modelling larval dispersal and retention patterns. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 269:2079-2086. 2002 Australia Model Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Hooper, J. N. A., J. A. Kennedy, and R. J. Quinn. 2002. Biodiversity 'hotspots', patterns of richness and endemism, and taxonomic affinities of tropical Australian sponges (Porifera). Biodiversity and Conservation 11:851-885. 2002 Australia; Thailand; Palau; Vanuatu Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Resource Use Management; Sponges
Don, C. 2002. Could the San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge serve to protect marine areas? Building on existing institutions and legal authorities to create marine protected areas. Coastal Management 30:421-426. 2002 Collaboration & Partnering; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Hartman, W. and M. Handley. 2002. The application of the Q-tunnelling quality index to rock mass assessment at Impala Platinum Mine. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 102:155-165. 2002 South Africa Review; Index or Indicator Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining Policies
Spencer, T. and H. Viles. 2002. Bioconstruction, bioerosion and disturbance on tropical coasts: Coral reefs and rocky limestone shores. Geomorphology 48:23-50. 2002 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model
Kvernevik, T.-I., M. Zambri Mohd Akhir, and J. Studholme. 2002. A low-cost procedure for automatic seafloor mapping, with particular reference to coral reef conservation in developing nations. Hydrobiologia 474:67-79. 2002 Malaysia GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications
Galal, N., R. F. G. Ormond, and O. Hassan. 2002. Effect of a network of no-take reserves in increasing catch per unit effort and stocks of exploited reef fish at Nabq, South Sinai, Egypt. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:199-205. 2002 Egypt Apex Fish Predators; Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R. 2002. The near future of coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 29:460-483. 2002 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Herbert, N. A., R. M. G. Wells, and J. Baldwin. 2002. Correlates of choroid rete development with the metabolic potential of various tropical reef fish and the effect of strenuous exercise on visual performance. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 275:31-46. 2002 Fish
Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome. 2002 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Mohammed, S. M. 2002. Pollution management in Zanzibar: The need for a new approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:301-311. 2002 Discharges; Mangroves; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Brown, B. E., K. R. Clarke, and R. M. Warwick. 2002. Serial patterns of biodiversity change in corals across shallow reef flats in KO Phuket, Thailand, due to the effects of local (sedimentation) and regional (climatic) perturbations. Marine Biology 141:21-29. 2002 Indian Ocean; India; Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Goodman, J. A. and S. L. Ustin. 2002. Hyperspectral image calibration in a coral reef environment: An empirical approach. Pages 243-245 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Beattie, A., U.R. Sumaila, V. Christensen, D. Pauly. 2002. A Model for the Bioeconomic Evaluation of Marine Protected Area Size and Placement in the North Sea. Natural Resource Modeling 15:413-437. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Holden, H. and E. LeDrew. 2002. Hyperspectral linear mixing based on in situ measurements in a coral reef environment. Pages 249-251 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2002 US Virgin Islands Remote Sensing Algae; Marine Protected Areas
Wozencraft, J. M. 2002. Complete coastal mapping with airborne lidar. Pages 1194-1198 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2002 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Water Depth & Sea Level
Hedley, J. D. and P. J. Mumby. 2002. Biological and remote sensing perspectives of pigmentation in coral reef organisms. Advances in Marine Biology 43:279-317. 2002 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Skeletal Coral; Zooxanthellae
Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of the coral reefs of the world: 2002. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research Centre, Townsville, Australia. 2002 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate
Monaco, M. E. 2002. NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science-Biogeography Program: Integration of ecology and GIS to assess impacts of climate change on living marine resources. Pages 456-466 in Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2002. 2002 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Pathogens
Reckhow, Kenneth H.; Stow, Craig A.; Borsuk, Mark E. 2002. Uncertainty Between The Criterion And The Designated Use: Implications For Standards And Tmdl Margin Of Safety. Pages 1223-1228 in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 Model; Index or Indicator Designated Uses; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Water
Nitschke, P., M. Mather, and F. Juanes. 2002. Evidence for density-dependent mortality in recruitment of a temperate reef fish, cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus, among similar reefs in the vicinity of an anthropogenic disturbance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 226:165-178. 2002 Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Special Use Permitting
Hickey, T. E., M. M. J. Seymour, and S. D. Sayle. 2002. A management plan for the offshore disposal of drilling muds & cuttings in Brunei - A receiving environment based approach. Pages 459-466 in American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Division (Publication) PD. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Riding, R. 2002. Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mud mounds: Concepts and categories. Earth-Science Reviews 58:163-231. 2002 Construction Codes & Projects; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heller, P. S. and M. Mani. 2002. Adapting to climate change. Finance and Development 39:29-31. 2002 India Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Mitigation; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tupper, M. and M. A. Rudd. 2002. Species-specific impacts of a small marine reserve on reef fish production and fishing productivity in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Environmental Conservation 29:484-492. 2002 Turks and Caicos Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Funding & Incentives; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Wielgus, J., N. E. Chadwick-Furman, Z. Dubinsky, M. Shechter, and N. Zeitouni. 2002. Dose-response modeling of recreationally important coral-reef attributes: A review and potential application to the economic valuation of damage. Coral Reefs 21:253-259. 2002 Review; Model Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Steimle, F., K. Foster, R. Kropp, and B. Conlin. 2002. Benthic macrofauna productivity enhancement by an artificial reef in Delaware Bay, USA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Mitigation
Turpin, R. K. and S. A. Bortone. 2002. Pre- and post-hurricane assessment of artificial reefs: Evidence for potential use as refugia in a fishery management strategy. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Wilding, T. A. and M. D. J. Sayer. 2002. The physical and chemical performance of artificial reef blocks made using quarry by-products. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects
Miller, S. L., D. W. Swanson, and M. Chiappone. 2002. Multiple spatial scale assessment of coral reef and hard-bottom community structure in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Pages 69-74 in Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium. 2002 Florida Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Octocoral
NOAA Marine Sanctuaries Division. 2002. Environmental assessment: M/V Wellwood grounding site restoration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Sanctuaries Division, Silver Spring, Maryland. 2002 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Cultural Policies; Mitigation
Rashleigh, Brenda. 2002. Ecological Endpoint Modeling For Tmdls: Effects Of Sediment On Fish Populations. Pages 850-858 in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 Model Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tupper, M. H., K. Wickstrom, R. Hilborn, C. M. Roberts, J. A. Bohnsack, F. Gell, J. P. Hawkins, and R. Goodridge. 2002. Marine reserves and fisheries management. Science 295:1233-1235. 2002 Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Reckhow, Kenneth H.; Borsuk, Mark E.; Stow, Craig A. 2002. Adaptive Implementation Of Tmdls Using Bayesian Analysis. in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients
Jackson, C. Rhett; Kolka, Randy. 2002. Forestry Best Management Practices And Their Effectiveness. in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 Chemical Use Regulations; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Strecker, Eric W.; Quigley, Marcus M.; Urbonas, Ben. 2002. How Well Do BMPs Work? A Guidance Manual for Meeting the National Stormwater BMP Database Requirements and an Update on BMP Effectiveness. Pages 172-188 in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barker, D. R. 2002. Biodiversity conservation in the wider Caribbean Region. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 11:74-83. 2002 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Jedoui, Y., E. Davaud, H. B. Ismail, and J.-L. Reyss. 2002. Sedimentological analysis of marine Pleistocene deposits of southeastern Tunisia: Evidence of two positive eustatic pulsations during the marine isotopic substage 5e (Eemian, Tyrrhenian) [Analyse sedimentologique des depots marins pleistocenes du Sud. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 173:255-264. 2002 Beaches & Nature Parks; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Perante, N. C., M. G. Pajaro, J. J. Meeuwig, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2002. Biology of a seahorse species, Hippocampus comes in the central Philippines. Journal of Fish Biology 60:821-837. 2002 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas
Abuodha, J. O. Z. 2002. Environmental impact assessment of the proposed titanium mining project in Kwale District, Kenya. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 20:199-207. 2002 Kenya Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mining Policies; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins
Leis, J. M. 2002. Pacific coral-reef fishes: The implications of behaviour and ecology of larvae for biodiversity and conservation, and a reassessment of the open population paradigm. Environmental Biology of Fishes 65:199-208. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Bouchet, P., P. Lozouet, P. Maestrati, and V. Heros. 2002. Assessing the magnitude of species richness in tropical marine environments: Exceptionally high numbers of molluscs at a New Caledonia site. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75:421-436. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Molluscs
Jensen, A. 2002. Artificial reefs of Europe: Perspective and future. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Oman; Europe; Spain; Poland; France; Norway; United Kingdom Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Kennish, R., K. D. P. Wilson, J. Lo, S. C. Clarke, and S. Laister. 2002. Selecting sites for large-scale deployment of artificial reefs in Hong Kong: Constraint mapping and prioritization techniques. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector
Holbrook, S. J. and R. J. Schmitt. 2002. Competition for shelter space causes density-dependent predation mortality in damselfishes. Ecology 83:2855-2868. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Lok, A., C. Metin, A. Ulas, F. O. Duzbastilar, and A. Tokac. 2002. Artificial reefs in Turkey. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Decamps, H. and B. Lesaffre. 2002. Nature restoration: Towards new references and practices. Insight into five years of the research programme \Recreating Nature\" [Restauration de la nature: Vers de nouvelles references et pratiques. Apercu de CINQ annees de recherche du programme «. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 57:16-Sep. 2002 France Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Infrastructure; Mitigation; Wetlands
Suganuma, U. 2002. Economic growth vs. environmental conservation in Okinawa: The case of the Ishigaki Island airport construction. Regional Development Dialogue 23:69-82. 2002 Civil Engineering & Construction; Land & Air Transportation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Voss, G. L. 2002. An environmental assessment of the John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park and the Key Largo Coral Reef Marine Sanctuary (Unpublished 1983 Report). Page 445pp. 2002
Topping, M., J. Pfeiffer, A. Sparks, K. T. C. Jim, and D. Yoon. 2002. Advanced Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging System (AAHIS). Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4816:11-Jan. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Whales & Dolphins
Ralph, P. J., R. Gademann, A. W. D. Larkum, and M. Kuhl. 2002. Spatial heterogeneity in active chlorophyll fluorescence and PSII activity of coral tissues. Marine Biology 141:639-646. 2002 Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Andrews, A. H., E. E. Cordes, M. M. Mahoney, K. Munk, K. H. Coale, G. M. Cailliet, and J. Heifetz. 2002. Age, growth and radiometric age validation of a deep-sea, habitat-forming gorgonian (Primnoa resedaeformis) from the Gulf of Alaska. Hydrobiologia 471:101-110. 2002 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Octocoral
Puce, S., C. Cerrano, M. Boyer, C. Ferretti, and G. Bavestrello. 2002. Zanclea (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) species from Bunaken Marine Park (Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82:943-954. 2002 Papua New Guinea; Indonesia Algae; Bivalves; Marine Protected Areas
Sayer, M. D. J. and M. S. P. Baine. 2002. Rigs to reefs: A critical evaluation of the potential for reef development using decommissioned rigs. Underwater Technology 25:93-97. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Fishing Sector
Shick, J. M. and W. C. Dunlap. 2002. Mycosporine-like amino acids and related gadusols: Biosynthesis, accumulation, and UV-protective functions in aquatic organisms. Annual Review of Physiology 64:223-262. 2002 Review Algae; Light; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Sunscreen Use
Edmunds, P. J. 2002. Long-term dynamics of coral reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands. Coral Reefs 21:357-367. 2002 Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Choudhury, S. B., K. H. Rao, and M. V. Rao. 2002. Sattelite remote sensing for marine resources assessment. Tropical Ecology 43:187-202. 2002 India Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Bernabeu-Tello, A. M., J. J. Munoz-Perez, and R. Medina-Santamaria. 2002. Influence of a rocky platform in the profile morphology: Victoria Beach, Cadiz (Spain) [Influencia de un sustrato rocoso en la morfologia del perfil de playa: Playa Victoria, Cadiz]. Ciencias Marinas 28:181-192. 2002 Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks
Berkelmans, R., J. C. Hendee, P. A. Marshall, P. V. Ridd, A. R. Orpin, and D. Irvine. 2002. Automatic weather stations: Tools for managing and monitoring potential impacts to coral reefs. Marine Technology Society Journal 36:29-38. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Osenberg, C. W., C. M. St. Mary, J. A. Wilson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2002. A quantitative framework to evaluate the attraction-production controversy. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat
Pitcher, T. J., E. A. Buchary, and T. Hutton. 2002. Forecasting the benefits of no-take human-made reefs using spatial ecosystem simulation. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 China Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Salvat, B. and A. Aubanel. 2002. The management of coral reefs of French Polynesia [La gestion des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 57:193-251. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; France Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Sponaugle, S., R. K. Cowen, A. Shanks, S. G. Morgan, J. M. Leis, J. Pineda, G. W. Boehlert, M. J. Kingsford, K. C. Lindeman, C. Grimes, and J. L. Munro. 2002. Predicting self-recruitment in marine populations: Biophysical correlates and mechanisms. Bulletin of Marine Science 70:341-375. 2002 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Physical Variables; Seawater Flow
Salvat, B., Y. Chancerelle, M. Schrimm, R. Morancy, M. Porcher, and A. Aubanel. 2002. Restoration of a degraded coral reef site and creation of a coral garden (Bora Bora, French Polynesia) [Restauration d'une zone corallienne degradee et implantation d'un jardin corallien à Bora Bora, Polynesie Francaise]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 57:81-96. 2002 Global Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Molluscs; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Porter, J. W., V. Kosmynin, K. L. Patterson, K. G. Porter, W. C. Jaap, J. L. Wheaton, K. Hackett, M. Lybolt, C. P. Tsokos, G. Yanev, D. M. Marcinek, J. Dotten, D. Eaken, M. Patterson, O. W. Meier, M. Brill, and P. Dustan. 2002. Detection of coral reef change by Florida Keys Coral Reef Monitoring Project. Pages 749-769 in J. W. Porter and K. G. Porter, editors. The Everglades, Florida bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: and ecosystem sourcebook. 2002 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Pathogens
Armsworth, P. R. 2002. Recruitment limitation, population regulation, and larval connectivity in reef fish metapopulations. Ecology 83:1092-1104. 2002 Model Fish; Special Use Permitting
Warn, S. 2002. Sustainable management of coral reefs. Geography Review 15:6-Feb. 2002 Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Chaston, K.A.V. 2001. Sediment Nutrient Bioavailability in a Sub-tropical Catchment Dominated by Agriculture: The transition from Land to Sea. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carriquiry, J. D., A. L. Cupul-Magana, F. Rodriguez-Zaragoza, and P. Medina-Rosas. 2001. Coral bleaching and mortality in the Mexican Pacific during the 1997-98 El Nino and prediction from a remote sensing approach. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:237-249. 2001 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Salinity; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Acosta, A. 2001. Disease in Zoanthids: Dynamics in space and time. Hydrobiologia 460:113-130. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Stoll, H. M. and D. P. Schrag. 2001. Sr/Ca variations in Cretaceous carbonates: Relation to productivity and sea level changes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 168:311-336. 2001 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Plankton; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Demicco, R. V. and G. J. Klir. 2001. Stratigraphic simulations using fuzzy logic to model sediment dispersal. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 31:135-155. 2001 Model Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Thorburn, C. C. 2001. The house that poison built: Customary marine property rights and the live food fish trade in the Kei Islands, southeast Maluku. Development and Change 32:151-180. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman; Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Philippines Fishing Sector; Housing; Military
Epstein, N. and B. Rinkevich. 2001. From isolated ramets to coral colonies: The significance of colony pattern formation in reef restoration practices. Basic and Applied Ecology 2:219-222. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
McClanahan, T. R. and R. Arthur. 2001. The effect of marine reserves and habitat on populations of East African coral reef fishes. Ecological Applications 11:559-569. 2001 Indian Ocean; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Munoz-Perez, J. J., B. Lopez De San Roman-Blanco, J. M. Gutierrez-Mas, L. Moreno, and G. J. Cuena. 2001. Cost of beach maintenance in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Coastal Engineering 42:143-153. 2001 Spain Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Yang, W. A. N. 2001. Estimation of duration of subaerial exposure in shallow-marine limestones-an isotopic approach. Journal of Sedimentary Research 71:778-789. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Heyman, W. D., R. T. Graham, B. Kjerfve, and R. E. Johannes. 2001. Whale sharks Rhincodon typus aggregate to feed on fish spawn in Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 215:275-282. 2001 South & Central America; Belize Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Jackson, J. B. C. and E. Sala. 2001. Unnatural Oceans. Scientia Marina 65:273-281. 2001 Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Torres, R., M. Chiappone, F. Geraldes, Y. Rodriguez, and M. Vega. 2001. Sedimentation as an important environmental influence on Dominican Republic reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:805-818. 2001 Dominican Republic GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Bax, N. J. and A. Williams. 2001. Seabed habitat on the south-eastern Australian continental shelf: Context, vulnerability and monitoring. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:491-512. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest
Schuttenberg, editor. 2001. Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response - Selected Papers Presented at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium October 2000. Coastal Management Report #2230, Coastal Resources Center, Narragansett, (Rhode Island, USA). 2001 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Philippines Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Kelmo, F. and M. J. Attrill. 2001. Cnidarian community structure of coastal reefs from Northern Bahia, Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:547-557. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Causey, B. D. 2001. Lessons learned from the intensification of coral bleaching from 1980-2000 in the Florida Keys, USA. 2001 Florida Marine Protected Areas
Talbot, F. and C. Wilkinson. 2001. Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses: a sourcebook for managers. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville (Australia). 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Riegl, B., J. L. Korrubel, and C. Martin. 2001. Mapping and monitoring of coral communities and their spatial patterns using a surface-based video method from a vessel. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:869-880. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Pasqualini, V., C. Pergent-Martini, P. Clabaut, H. Marteel, and G. Pergent. 2001. Integration of aerial remote sensing photogrammetry, and GIS technologies in seagrass mapping. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 67:99-105. 2001 France Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Shima, J. S. 2001. Regulation of local populations of a coral reef fish via joint effects of density- and number-dependent mortality. Oecologia 126:58-65. 2001 Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Parnell, P. E. 2001. The distribution of estuarine and oceanic water masses on the southern shore of O'ahu, Hawai'i: Ecological and coastal management implications, and novel methodology. Limnology and Oceanography 46:1468-1485. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Bivalves; Plankton
Salm, R. V. and S. L. Coles. 2001. Coral bleaching and marine protected areas. Page 118 in Proceedings of the Workshop on Mitigating Coral Bleaching Impact Through MPA Design, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 29-31 May 2001. Asia Pacific Coastal Marine Program Report # 0102. Honolulu, Hawaii,. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites
Ritchie, K. B., S. W. Polson, and G. W. Smith. 2001. Microbial disease causation in marine invertebrates: Problems, practices, and future prospects. Hydrobiologia 460:131-139. 2001 Lab Study Collaboration & Partnering; Microorganisms; Pathogens
Diaz, M.C., K. Rutzler. 2001. Sponges: an essential component of caribbean coral reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:535-546. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sponges
Obura, D. O. 2001. Kenya. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1264-1278. 2001 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Bessat, F. and D. Buigues. 2001. Two centuries of variation in coral growth in a massive Porites colony from Moorea (French Polynesia): A response of ocean-atmosphere variability from south central Pacific. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:381-392. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Price, A. R. 2001. The marine food chain in relation to biodiversity. TheScientificWorldJournal 1:579-587. 2001 Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Guzman, H. M. and C. A. Guevara. 2001. Arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro, Panama: IV. Distribucion, estructura y estado de conservacion de los arrecifes continentales de Peninsula Valiente. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49:53-66. 2001 Panama Field Study & Monitoring Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Bowden-Kerby, A. 2001. Low-tech coral reef restoration methods modeled after natural fragmentation processes. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:915-931. 2001 Model Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Naughton, J. and P. L. Jokiel. 2001. Coral reef mitigation and restoration techniques employed in the Pacific Islands: I. Overview. Pages 306-312 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mitigation
Matsunaga, T., A. Hoyano, and Y. Mizukami. 2001. Monitoring of coral reefs on Ishigaki Island in Japan using multitemporal remote sensing data. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4154:212-222. 2001 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rubec, P. J., V. R. Pratt, and F. Cruz. 2001. Territorial use rights in fisheries to manage areas for farming coral reef fish and invertebrates for the aquarium trade. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:119-134. 2001 Southeast Asia; Philippines Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Holden, H. and E. LeDrew. 2001. Hyperspectral discrimination of healthy versus stressed corals using in situ reflectance. Journal of Coastal Research 17:850-858. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
St John, J., G. R. Russ, I. W. Brown, and L. C. Squire. 2001. The diet of the large coral reef serranid Plectropomus leopardus in two fishing zones on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fishery Bulletin 99:180-192. 2001 Australia Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
CARICOMP. 2001. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP); a cooperative research and monitoring network of marine laboratories, parks, and reserves. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 2001 Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Eristhee, N. and H. A. Oxenford. 2001. Home range size and use of space by Bermuda chub Kyphosus sectatrix (L.) in two marine reserves in the Soufriere Marine Management Area, St Lucia, West Indies. Journal of Fish Biology 59:129-151. 2001 South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Jackson, J. B. C. 2001. What was natural in the coastal oceans? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98:5411-5418. 2001 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sponges
Salafsky, N., H. Cauley, G. Balachander, B. Cordes, J. Parks, C. Margoluis, S. Bhatt, C. Encarnacion, D. Russell, and R. Margoluis. 2001. A systematic test of an enterprise strategy for community-based biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 15:1585-1595. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Tourism & Recreation
Catterall, C. P., I. R. Poiner, and C. J. O'Brien. 2001. Long-term population dynamics of a coral reef gastropod and responses to disturbance. Austral Ecology 26:604-617. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs; Sediment
Opishinski, T. B., M. L. Spaulding, K. Rutzler, and M. Carpenter. 2001. A real time environmental data monitoring, management and analysis system for the coral reefs off the coast of Belize. Pages 1188-1197 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications
McClanahan, T. R. and S. Mangi. 2001. The effect of a closed area and beach seine exclusion on coral reef fish catches. Fisheries Management and Ecology 8:107-121. 2001 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Pet-Soede, C., W. L. T. Van Densen, J. S. Pet, and M. A. M. Machiels. 2001. Impact of Indonesian coral reef fisheries on fish community structure and the resultant catch composition. Fisheries Research 51:35-51. 2001 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Brodie, J., C. Christie, M. Devlin, D. Haynes, S. Morris, M. Ramsay, J. Waterhouse, and H. Yorkston. 2001. Catchment management and the Great Barrier Reef. Water Science and Technology 43:203-211. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Westmacott, S. 2001. Developing decision support systems for integrated coastal management in the tropics: Is the ICM decision-making environment too complex for the development of a useable and useful DSS? Journal of Environmental Management 62:55-74. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Mangroves
Nlyibigira, E. I. and Z. S. Abdallah. 2001. Distribution and abundance, in maize and sorghum, of lepidopteran stemborers and associated indigenous parasitoids in zanzibar. Insect Science and its Application 21:335-346. 2001 Fiji Invasive Species; Special Use Permitting
Wilson, J., C. W. Osenberg, C. M. St. Mary, C. A. Watson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2001. Artificial reefs, the attraction-production issue, and density dependence in marine ornamental fishes. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:95-105. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Fish
Urbonas, B. and Doerfer, J. 2001. �Testing of an Underground Stormwater Treatment Vault in Denver, Colorado, USA�, Innovative Technologies in Urban Drainage, Proceedings 4th International Conference � Novatech 2001, Lyon, France. 2001 France Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gorfine, H. K. and C. D. Dixon. 2001. Diver behaviour and its influence on assessments of a quota-managed abalone fishery. Journal of Shellfish Research 20:787-794. 2001 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting
Gorfine, H. K., B. L. Taylor, and T. I. Walker. 2001. Triggers and targets: What are we aiming for with abalone fisheries models in Australia? Journal of Shellfish Research 20:803-811. 2001 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Eggleston, D. B. and C. P. Dahlgren. 2001. Distribution and abundance of Caribbean spiny lobsters in the Key West National Wildlife Refuge: Relationship to habitat features and impact of an intensive recreational fishery. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:1567-1576. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Vannier, J., WA NG Shang Qi, and M. Coen. 2001. Leperditicopid arthropods (Ordovician-Late Devonian): Functional morphology and ecological range. Journal of Paleontology 75:75-95. 2001 China Review Arthropods; Bivalves; Salinity; Special Use Permitting
Wheaton, J., W.C. Japp, J.W. Porter, V. Kosminyn, K. Hackett, M. Lybolt, M.K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Kupfner, C. Tsokos, G. Yanev. 2001. EPA/FKNMS Coral Reef Monitoring Project. 2001 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Domroes, M. 2001. Conceptualising state-controlled resort islands for an environment-friendly development of tourism: The Maldivian experience. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 22:122-137. 2001 Maldives Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Li, Q. X., A. E. Karu, K. Li, and S. Thomas. 2001. Refinement of Immunochemical Methods for Environmental Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Pages 379-396 in ACS Symposium Series. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator CO2; Remediation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Winn, R. D. JR ., P. D. Crevello, and W. Bosworth. 2001. Lower miocene nukhul formation, Gebel el Zeit, Egypt: Model for structural control on early synrift strata and reservoirs, Gulf of Suez. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 85:1871-1890. 2001 Egypt Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Elliott, G., B. Mitchell, B. Wiltshire, I. A. Manan, and S. Wismer. 2001. Community participation in marine protected area management Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coastal Management 29:295-316. 2001 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Done, T. J. 2001. Useful science for coral reef management: The cooperative research centre model. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:309-315. 2001 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Ballast Discharge; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Seastars; Special Use Permitting; Wastewater Discharge
Koslow, J. A., K. Gowlett-Holmes, J. K. Lowry, T. O'Hara, G. C. B. Poore, and A. Williams. 2001. Seamount benthic macrofauna off southern Tasmania: Community structure and impacts of trawling. Marine Ecology Progress Series 213:111-125. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Sponges; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McClanahan, T. R., M. McField, M. Huitric, K. Bergman, E. Sala, M. Nystrom, I. Nordemar, T. Elfwing, and N. A. Muthiga. 2001. Responses of algae, corals and fish to the reduction of macroalgae in fished and unfished patch reefs of Glovers Reef Atoll, Belize. Coral Reefs 19:367-379. 2001 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Nonpoint Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Korngreen, D. and C. Benjamini. 2001. Upper Triassic reef facies in the Asher-Atlit-1 borehole, Northern Israel: Microfacies, cement stratigraphy and paleogeographic implications. Facies 24-Jan. 2001 Construction Codes & Projects; Sediment; Sponges
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture, and Department of the Interior and Local Government. 2001. Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook No. 8 Coastal Law Enforcement. No.8 Coastal Law Enforcement, Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cebu City, Philippines. 2001 Philippines Military; Resource Use Management
Bingham, B. L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81-251. 2001 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Spadoni, R. H. and C. J. Kruempel. 2001. Florida keys national marine sanctuary Looe key coral reef restoration project of 1999. Pages 302-305 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Sternlicht, D. D., D. W. Lemonds, R. D. Dikeman, M. Ericksen, and S. G. Schock. 2001. Detection and classification of buried objects with an adaptive acoustic mine-hunting system. Pages 212-219 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 Cuba GIS & Maps Coastal Defense; Military
Mahon, R. and W. Hunte. 2001. Trap mesh selectivity and the management of reef fishes. Fish and Fisheries 2:356-375. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Iakovou, E. T. and J. E. Pachon. 2001. Optimization of the transportation system at a university campus: A continuous improvement quality management methodology. Quality Engineering 13:427-435. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation
Rogers, C. S. and J. Beets. 2001. Degradation of marine ecosystems and decline of fishery resources in marine protected areas in the US Virgin Islands. Environmental Conservation 28:312-322. 2001 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Review Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Gorbunov, M. Y., Z. S. Kolber, M. P. Lesser, and P. G. Falkowaski. 2001. Photosynthesis and photoprotection in symbiotic corals. Limnology and Oceanography 46:75-85. 2001 Cuba Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting
Nemeth, R. S. and J. Sladek Nowlis. 2001. Monitoring the effects of land development on the near-shore reef environment of St. Thomas, USVI. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:759-775. 2001 US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscaping & Household Services; Octocoral; Sediment; Sponges
Chevalier, F., J.-P. Garcia, D. Quesne, M. Guiraud, and J.-C. Menot. 2001. Correlations and genetic stratigraphy through Oxfordian reefal formations in the upper Yonne valley (southern Paris basin, France) [Correlations et interpretations genetiques dans les formations recifales oxfordiennes de la haute vallee de l'Yonne. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 172:69-84. 2001 France Field Study & Monitoring; Model Landuse Management; Permitting & Zoning; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Newman, C. M. and E. F. LeDrew. 2001. Assessment of beer's law of logarithmic attenuation for remote sensing of shallow tropical waters. Pages 1539-1541 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light
Lesser, M. P. and M. Y. Gorbunov. 2001. Diurnal and bathymetric changes in chlorophyll fluorescence yields of reef corals measured in situ with a fast repetition rate fluorometer. Marine Ecology Progress Series 212:69-77. 2001 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Uthicke, S. and J. A. H. Benzie. 2001. Effect of beche-de-mer fishing on densities and size structure of Holothuria nobilis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) populations on the great barrier reef. Coral Reefs 19:271-276. 2001 Australia Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Bett, B. J. 2001. UK atlantic margin environmental survey: Introduction and overview of bathyal benthic ecology. Continental Shelf Research 21:917-956. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Industry; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Koop, K., A. Steven, R. Mcgill, E. Drew, and B. Macdonald. 2001. Use of a telemetered dispensing system for controlling nutrient additions to experimental patch reefs in the ENCORE Study at One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:121-126. 2001 Australia; Cuba Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients
Mumby, P. 2001. Beta and habitat diversity in marine systems: A new approach to measurement, scaling and interpretation. Oecologia 128:274-280. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas
Phinn, S. R., P. Scarth, M. Stanford, C. Menges, and G. Hill. 2001. Quantitative monitoring of environmental health and dynamics from the ADAR-1000 low-cost airborne digital multi-spectral camera. Pages 378-380 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Petersen, D. and R. Tollrian. 2001. Methods to enhance sexual recruitment for restoration of damaged reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:989-1000. 2001 Florida Lab Study Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Sediment; Stony Coral
Dunne, R. P. and B. E. Brown. 2001. The influence of solar radiation on bleaching of shallow water reef corals in the Andaman Sea, 1993-1998. Coral Reefs 20:201-210. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Sea Temperatures
Fonseca, M. S. 2001. Comparative analysis of the functioning of disturbed and undisturbed coral reef and seagrass ecosystems in the Tortugas: phase I- establishing a baseline. Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, Beaufort, North Carolina. 2001 Florida GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Plankton; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nystrom, M. and C. Folke. 2001. Spatial resilience of coral reefs. Ecosystems 4:406-417. 2001
Gleason, D. F., D. A. Brazeau, and D. Munfus. 2001. Can self-fertilizing coral species be used to enhance restoration of Caribbean reefs? Bulletin of Marine Science 69:933-943. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Kojis, B. L. and N. J. Quinn. 2001. The importance of regional differences in hard coral recruitment rates for determining the need for coral restoration. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:967-974. 2001 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Fiji; Northern Mariana Islands; Caribbean Hydrocoral; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Mikkelsen, P. M. and J. Cracraft. 2001. Marine biodiversity and the need for systematic inventories. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:525-534. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Echinoderms; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges
Miller, M. W. and J. Barimo. 2001. Assessment of juvenile coral populations at two reef restoration sites in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Indicators of success? Bulletin of Marine Science 69:395-405. 2001 Florida Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Obura, D. O. 2001. Participatory monitoring of shallow tropical marine fisheries by artisanal fishers in Diani, Kenya. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:777-791. 2001 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Campbell, D. E. 2001. Proposal for including what is valuable to ecosystems in environmental assessments. Environmental Science and Technology 35:2867-2873. 2001 Model Valuation
Cain, J. 2001. Planning improvements in natural resources management: Guidelines for using Bayesian networks to support the planning and management of development programmes in the water sector and beyond. Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford (Oxon, UK). 2001 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Resource Use Management
Hempel, L. C. and S. Morozova. 2001. Science into policy: Designing coral reef management from the benthos up. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:945-966. 2001 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate
Clark, J.S., S.R. Carpenter, M. Barber, S. Collins, A. Dobson, J.A. Foley, D.M. Lodge, M. Pascual, R. Pielke, W. Pizer, C. Pringle, W.V. Reid, K.A. Rose, O. Sala, W.H. Schlesinger, D.H. Wall, D. Wear. 2001. Ecological Forecasts: An Emerging Imperative. Science 293. 2001 Climate
MacDonald, L. H., R. W. Sampson, and D. M. Anderson. 2001. Runoff and road erosion at the plot and road segment scales, St John, US Virgin Islands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26:251-272. 2001 US Virgin Islands Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Transportation Policies
McCrone, A. 2001. Visitor impacts on marine protected areas in New Zealand. Science for Conservation May-61. 2001 Review Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Kendall, M. S., M. E. Monaco, K. R. Buja, J. D. Christensen, C.R. Kruer, M. Finkbeiner, and R. A. Warner. 2001. Methods Used to Map the Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2001 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean GIS & Maps Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Uthicke, S. and J. A. H. Benzie. 2001. Restricted gene flow between Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) populations along the north-east coast of Australia and the Solomon Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 216:109-117. 2001 Australia; Solomon Islands Echinoderms; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Fox, H. and J. Pet. 2001. Pilot study suggests viable options for reef restoration in Komodo National Park. Coral Reefs 20:219-220. 2001 Wetland & Reef Restoration
Spieler, R. E., D. S. Gilliam, and R. L. Sherman. 2001. Artificial substrate and coral reef restoration: What do we need to know to know what we need. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:1013-1030. 2001 Review Sediment; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Spurgeon, J. P. G. 2001. Improving the economic effectiveness of coral reef restoration. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:1031-1045. 2001 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Anderson, T. W. 2001. Predator responses, prey refuges, and density-dependent mortality of a marine fish. Ecology 82:245-257. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Special Use Permitting
[No author name available]. 2001. News: Protection for sponge gardens. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:4. 2001 Australia Marine Birds; Sea Turtles; Sponges
[No author name available]. 2001. WWF calls for more action on global warning. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:253. 2001 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Van Tussenbroek, B. I., C. A. Galindo, and J. Marquez. 2000. Dormancy and foliar density regulation in Thalassia testudinum. Aquatic Botany 68:281-295. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Nutrients; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Shaghude, Y. W. and K. O. Wannas. 2000. Mineralogical and biogenic composition of the Zanzibar Channel sediments, Tanzania. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 51:477-489. 2000 Tanzania; Mozambique Model Construction Codes & Projects; Molluscs; Sea Urchins; Sediment
Wozencraft, J. M. and J. L. Irish. 2000. SHOALS surveys and carbonate beaches. Pages 24-37 in Carbonate Beaches 2000. 2000 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Military
Cesar, H. S. J., editor. 2000. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Jamaica; India; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Marine Protected Areas; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Forrester, G. E. and M. A. Steele. 2000. Variation in the presence and cause of density-dependent mortality in three species of reef fishes. Ecology 81:2416-2427. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Special Use Permitting
Stejskal, I. V. 2000. Obtaining Approvals for Oil and Gas Projects in Shallow Water Marine Areas in Western Australia using an Environmental Risk Assessment Framework. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 6:69-76. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Towler, P. H. and J. D. Smith. 2000. Studies of the influence of graded storm layers on 210Pb and heavy metals profiles in Great Barrier Reef sediments. Environmental Science and Technology 34:2947-2951. 2000 Australia Lab Study; Model Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Paul, J. H., M. R. McLaughlin, D. W. Griffin, E. K. Lipp, R. Stokes, and J. B. Rose. 2000. Rapid movement of wastewater from on-site disposal systems into surface waters in the Lower Florida Keys. Estuaries 23:662-668. 2000 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Ports & Harbors; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Wilks, J. and R. J. Davis. 2000. Risk management for scuba diving operators on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Tourism Management 21:591-599. 2000 Australia; Cuba Review Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Marshall, P. A. 2000. Skeletal damage in reef corals: Relating resistance to colony morphology. Marine Ecology Progress Series 200:177-189. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Samtleben, C., A. Munnecke, and T. Bickert. 2000. Development of facies and C/O-isotopes in transects through the Ludlow of Gotland: Evidence for global and local influences on a shallow-marine environment. Facies Jan-38. 2000 Global GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ramachandran, S. 2000. The Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 189-197. 2000 India Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Stewart, L. K., A. D. Heap, and K. J. Woolfe. 2000. Evaluating the influence of tidal currents on the distribution of silt in Nara Inlet, central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Sedimentary Geology 136:59-69. 2000 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Boutilier, R. G., T. G. West, D. M. Webber, G. H. Pogson, K. A. Mesa, J. Wells, and M. J. Wells. 2000. The protective effects of hypoxia-induced hypometabolism in the Nautilus. Journal of comparative physiology B 170:261-268. 2000 Papua New Guinea Lab Study Octopus & Squid; Special Use Permitting
Cooke, A., O. Ratomahenina, E. Ranaivoson, and H. Razafindrainibe. 2000. Madagascar. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 113-131. 2000 Mozambique; Madagascar Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Kalakaua Marine Education, CE NT ER. 2000. Hawaii coral reef network. Hawaii coral reef network. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Collaboration & Partnering
Carbone, F. and G. Accordi. 2000. The Indian Ocean Coast of Somalia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:141-159. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; India Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Trexler, J. C. and J. Travis. 2000. Can marine protected areas restore and conserve stock attributes of reef fishes? Bulletin of Marine Science 66:853-873. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton
Lindeman, K. C., R. Pugliese, G. T. Waugh, and J. S. Ault. 2000. Developmental patterns within a multispecies reef fishery: Management applications for essential fish habitats and protected areas. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:929-956. 2000 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Civil Engineering & Construction; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Edgar, G. J. and N. S. Barrett. 2000. Impact of the Iron Baron oil spill on subtidal reef assemblages in Tasmania. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:36-49. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Invertebrates; Petroleum Spills
Cesar, H .J. S., M. C. Ohman, P. Espeut, and M. Honkanen. 2000. An economic valuation of Portland Bight, Jamaica: an integrated terrestrial and marine protected area. Working paper 00/03. Institute for Environmental Studie, Free University, Amsterdam. 2000 Jamaica Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation; Wetlands
Maloney, K. A., L. A. Maguire, and E. A. Lind. 2000. NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY MODELING AND MONITORING PROJECT STAGE 1: ASSESSMENT OF STAKEHOLDER INTEREST AND CONCERNS TO INFORM LONG-TERM MODELING. 50237, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, (NC, USA). 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
White, A. T., M. Ross, and M. Flores. 2000. Benefits and costs of coral reef and wetland management, Olango Island, Philippines. Pages 215-227 in H. S. J. Cesar, editor. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. 2000 Philippines Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation; Wetlands
Chapman, M. R. and D. L. Kramer. 2000. Movements of fishes within and among fringing coral reefs in Barbados. Environmental Biology of Fishes 57:24-Nov. 2000 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Boak, L., J. McGrath, and L. A. Jackson. 2000. IENCE - A case study - The northern gold coast beach protection strategy. Pages 3710-3717 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. 2000 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Infrastructure; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 2000. Proposed Tortugas 2000 ecological reserve: socioeconomic impact analysis of alternatives. 2000 Florida Review
Bockstael, N. E., A. M. Freeman, R. J. Kopp, P. R. Portney, and V. K. Smith. 2000. On Measuring Economic Values for Nature. Environmental Science and Technology 34:1384-1389. 2000 Global Monetary Valuation
Haynes, D. and J. E. Johnson. 2000. Organochlorine, heavy metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:267-278. 2000 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Jayaraman, B. and K. Moon. 2000. Subset-logic programs and their implementation. Journal of Logic Programming 42:71-110. 2000 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
McClanahan, T. R. 2000. Recovery of a coral reef keystone predator, Balistapus undulatus, in East African marine parks. Biological Conservation 94:191-198. 2000 Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Cole, R. G., E. Villouta, and R. J. Davidson. 2000. Direct evidence of limited dispersal of the reef fish Parapercis colias (Pinguipedidae) within a marine reserve and adjacent fished areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10:421-436. 2000 Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Haynes, D. and K. Michalek-Wagner. 2000. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Past perspectives, current issues and new research directions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:428-434. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics
Neil, M., N. Fenton, and L. Nielsen. 2000. Building large-scale Bayesian networks. The Knowledge Engineering Review 15:1-33. 2000 Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Davis, W. and J. Scott. 2000. Mid-Atlantic Highlands Streams Assessment: Technical Support Document. EPA/903/B-00/004, US Environmental Protection Agency. 2000 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chan, T.T.C. and Y. Sadovy. 2000. Profile of the marine aquarium fish trade in Hong Kong. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 2:197-213. 2000 Global Review Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Designate Protected Species; Invertivorous Fish; Live Collection; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Smith, S. D. A. 2000. Evaluating stress in rocky shore and shallow reef habitats using the macrofauna of kelp holdfasts. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery 7:259-272. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates
Boyer, J. N., P. Sterling, and R. D. Jones. 2000. Maximizing information from a water quality monitoring network through visualization techniques. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 50:39-48. 2000 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Nutrients; Salinity
Cesar, H. S. J. 2000. Coral reefs: their functions, threats and economic value. Pages 14-39 in Cesar, H. S. J., editor. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Sweden. 2000 Global Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Valuation
Halfar, J., L. Godinez-Orta, and JR . Ingle J.C. 2000. Microfacies analysis of recent carbonate environments in the Southern Gulf of California, Mexico - a model for warm-temperate to subtropical carbonate formation. Palaios 15:323-342. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Model; GIS & Maps Algae; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Crowder, L. B., S. J. Lyman, W. F. Figueira, and J. Priddy. 2000. Source-sink population dynamics and the problem of siting marine reserves. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:799-820. 2000 Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Jeng, W.-L., C.-F. Dai, and K.-L. Fan. 2000. Taiwan Strait. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 499-512. 2000 China; Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Labrosse, P., R. Fichez, R. Farman, and T. Adams. 2000. New Caledonia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 723-736. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Europe; France Agriculture; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Maragos, J. E. 2000. Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 791-812. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Pathogens; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Myers, M. and M. Whittington. 2000. Mozambique. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 99-112. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Madagascar; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Oakley, S., N. Pilcher, and E. Wood. 2000. Borneo. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 361-379. 2000 Global; Malaysia; Indonesia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Forestry; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Whales & Dolphins
Price, A. R. G. and S. Clark. 2000. The Maldives. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 199-219. 2000 Global; Seychelles; Maldives Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Price, A. R. G. and J. E. Maragos. 2000. The Marshall Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 773-789. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Micronesia; Marshall Islands Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Military; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Schleyer, M. H. and B. J. Tomalin. 2000. Damage on South African coral reefs and an assessment of their sustainable diving capacity using a fisheries approach. Bulletin of Marine Science 67:1025-1042. 2000 South Africa Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Okamoto, MI NE O, TA KA O Sato, and SU SU MU Morita. 2000. Basic coral distribution data for long term monitoring at Sekisei Lagoon. Pages 1383-1387 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2000 Global; Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Plankton
Webster, M. S. and M. A. Hixon. 2000. Mechanisms and individual consequences of intraspecific competition in a coral-reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 196:187-194. 2000 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Fish; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Cervi, G. A. 2000. War wrecks and the environment: Who's responsible for the legacy of war? A case study: Solomon Islands and the United States. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 14:351-399. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Solomon Islands Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Rayment, G. E. and G. A. Barry. 2000. Indicator tissues for heavy metal monitoring - Additional attributes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:353-358. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Rao, D. V. S. 2000. The Bay of Bengal. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 269-284. 2000 Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Mitigation; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rao, D. V. S. and F. Al-Yamani. 2000. The Arabian Gulf. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 16-Jan. 2000 Indian Ocean; India Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fish; Invasive Species; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Plankton; Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Schleyer, M. H., L. E. Beckley, S. T. Fennessy, P. J. Fielding, A. Govender, B. Q. Mann, W. D. Robertson, B. J. Tomalin, and R. P. Van Der Elst. 2000. South Africa. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 133-144. 2000 South Africa Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Red Sea. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 35-45. 2000 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies
Turner, J., C. Jago, D. Daby, and R. Klaus. 2000. The Mascarene Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 253-268. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Reunion; India Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Vuki, V. C., S. Appana, M. R. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. Vanuatu. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 737-749. 2000 Vanuatu Review; Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies
Vuki, V. C., L. P. Zann, M. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. The Fiji Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 751-764. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Corallivorous Fish; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Walker, D. I. 2000. The Western Australian region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 691-704. 2000 Australia Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Wilson, S. C. 2000. Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 17-33. 2000 India; United Arab Emirates; Iran; Oman Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Bruckner, A. W. 2000. Black-band disease (BBD) of scleractinian corals: Occurrence, impacts, and mitigation. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico). 2000 Puerto Rico; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Jamaica Mitigation; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Ball, I. and H. Possingham. 2000. Marxan (v1.8.2): Marine reserve design using spatially explicit annealing. University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. 2000 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management
Nunn, P. D. 2000. Coastal changes over the past 200 years around Ovalau and Moturiki Islands, Fiji: Implications for coastal zone management. Australian Geographer 31:21-39. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Mangroves; Shoreline Protection
Rajasuriya, A. and A. Premaratne. 2000. Sri Lanka. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 175-187. 2000 Indian Ocean; Cuba; Sri Lanka; India Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Ramachandran, S. 2000. Southeast India. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 161-173. 2000 India Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fishing Sector; Irrigation; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wilson, S. C. and R. Klaus. 2000. The Gulf of Aden. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 47-61. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; India; Djibouti Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Zann, L. P. 2000. Northeastern Australia: The Great Barrier Reef region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 611-628. 2000 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Australian Region: An overview. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 579-592. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Sediment
Zann, L. P. and V. Vuki. 2000. The South Western Pacific Islands region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 705-722. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa; American Samoa Model Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Sediment; Wetlands
Cronin, B. T., K. GUrbUz, A. Hurst, and N. Satur. 2000. Vertical and lateral organization of a carbonate deep-water slope marginal to a submarine fan system, Miocene, southern Turkey. Sedimentology 47:801-824. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Waldman, M. and Y. Shevah. 2000. Biological diversity - An overview. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 123:299-310. 2000 Global Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Lam, K. K. Y. 2000. Sexual reproduction of a low-temperature tolerant coral Oulastrea crispata (Scleractinia, Faviidae) in Hong Kong, China. Marine Ecology Progress Series 205:101-111. 2000 China Artificial Habitat; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Munoz-Perez, J. J., J. M. Gutierrez Mas, J. M. Naranjo, E. Torres, and L. Fages. 2000. Position and monitoring of anti-trawling reefs in the Cape of Trafalgar (Gulf of Cadiz, SW Spain). Bulletin of Marine Science 67:761-772. 2000 Spain Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Andrefouet, S., S. Maritorena, and L. Loubersac. 2000. Review of remote sensing applied to coral reefs [Un bilan de la teledetection appliquee aux milieux coralliens]. Oceanis 26:311-349. 2000 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Karczmarski, L. 2000. Conservation and management of humpback dolphins: The South African perspective. ORYX 34:207-216. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; South Africa Model Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Soja, C. M., B. White, A. Antoshkina, S. Joyce, L. Mayhew, B. Flynn, and A. Gleason. 2000. Development and decline of a Silurian stromatolite reef complex, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Palaios 15:273-292. 2000 Sediment; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pinnegar, J. K., N. V. C. Polunin, P. Francour, F. Badalamenti, R. Chemello, M.-L. Harmelin-Vivien, B. Hereu, M. Milazzo, M. Zabala, G. D'Anna, and C. Pipitone. 2000. Trophic cascades in benthic marine ecosystems: Lessons for fisheries and protected-area management. Environmental Conservation 27:179-200. 2000 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India; Caribbean Review Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
Spash, C. L. 2000. Assessing the benefits of improving coral reef biodiversity: the contingent valuation method. Pages 40-54 in Cesar, H. S. J., editor. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. 2000 Jamaica Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Holden, HE AT HE R and EL LS WO RT H LeDrew. 2000. Optical water column properties of a coral reef environment: Towards correction of remotely sensed imagery. Pages 2666-2668 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bohnsack J. A., B. Causey, M. P. Crosby, R. B. Griffis, M. A. Hixon, T. F. Hourigan, K. H. Koltes, J. E. Maragos, A. Simons, and J. T. Tilmant. 2000. Proc 9th Int Coral Reef Symp. 2000 Model Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Turek, J. G. 2000. Science and technology needs for marine fishery habitat restoration. Pages 1707-1712 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2000 Fishing Sector; Ports & Harbors
Nagelkerken, I., S. Bouma, S. Van den Akker, and R. P. M. Bak. 2000. Growth and survival of unattached Madracis mirabilis fragments transplanted to different reef sites, and the implication for reef rehabilitation. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:497-505. 2000 Antilles Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Dempsey, M. J., W. E. Mathieson, and T. A. Winters. 2000. Learning from Offshore Decommissioning Practices in Europe and the USA. Pages 741-746 in SPE - Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Europe Internet & Telecommunications; Special Use Permitting
Haskell, B. D., V. R. Leeworthy, P. C. Wiley, T. M. Beuttler, M. R. Haflich, J. Delaney, B. L. Richards, and E. Franklin. 2000. Final supplemental environmental impact statement and final supplemental management plan for the Tortugas Ecological Reserve. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2000 Florida Algae; Fish; Marine Birds; Seagrasses; Sponges
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
LeDrew Ellsworth, F., MI KE Wulder, and HE AT HE R Holden. 2000. Change detection of satellite imagery for reconnaissance of stressed tropical corals. Pages 2678-2680 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2000 Fiji Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining Policies; Shoreline Armoring; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Labrosse, P., Y. Letourneur, M. Kulbicki, J. R. Paddon. 2000. Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons: 3 - fishing pressure, potential yields and impact on management options. Aquatic Living Resource 13:91-98. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
DIXON, J. A., L. F. SCURA, and T. VAN�T HOF. 2000. An Economic and Ecological Analysis of the Bonaire Marine Park. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Johnson, A. K. L. and S. P. Ebert. 2000. Quantifying inputs of pesticides to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - A case study in the Herbert River catchment of North-East Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:302-309. 2000 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gladstone, W. 2000. The ecological and social basis for management of a Red Sea marine-protected area. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:1015-1032. 2000 Saudi Arabia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Williams, I. D. and N. V. C. Polunin. 2000. Differences between protected and unprotected reefs of the western Caribbean in attributes preferred by dive tourists. Environmental Conservation 27:382-391. 2000 South & Central America; Cuba; Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean; France Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Tuya, F. C., M. L. Soboil, and J. Kido. 2000. An assessment of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:1218-1226. 2000 China Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
Karalis, T., L. Gupta, M. Chu, B. A. Campbell, M. F. Capra, and P. A. Maywood. 2000. Three clusters of ciguatera poisoning: Clinical manifestations and public health implications. Medical Journal of Australia 172:160-162. 2000 Fish; Health Policies; Special Use Permitting
Watkins, R. 2000. Silurian Reef-Dwelling Brachiopods and Their Ecologie Implications. Palaios 15:112-119. 2000 Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Sediment; Valuation
Ammar, M. S. A., E. M. Amin, D. Gundacker, and W. E. G. Mueller. 2000. One rational strategy for restoration of coral reefs: Application of molecular biological tools to select sites for rehabilitation by asexual recruits. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:618-627. 2000 Egypt Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Octocoral; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Stony Coral; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Phinn Stuart, R., T. Neil David, E. Joyce Karen, and WA QA R Ahmad. 2000. Coral reefs: A multi-scale approach to monitoring their composition & dynamics. Pages 2672-2674 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2000 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Warner, R. A., CH RI S Elvidge, JO HN Dietz, and GR EG G Goddard. 2000. Use of NOAA photogrammetry for shallow coral reef mapping and bathymetry. Pages 2675-2677 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2000 US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Baker, J. 2000. The Eastern Bristlebird: Cover-dependent and fire-sensitive. Emu 100:286-298. 2000 Littering
Zeller, D. C. and G. R. Russ. 2000. Population estimates and size structure of Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Serranidae) in relation to no-fishing zones: Mark-release-resighting and underwater visual census. Marine and Freshwater Research 51:221-228. 2000 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Esslemont, G. 2000. Heavy metals in seawater, marine sediments and corals from the Townsville section, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland. Marine Chemistry 71:215-231. 2000 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Reef Environmental Education, FO UN DA TI ON. 2000. Reef Environmental Education Foundation survey data. Reef Environmental Education Foundation survey data. 2000 Global Index or Indicator Environmental Education & Outreach; Social Organizations
Australian Institute of Marine, SC IE NC E. 2000. Reef monitoring: interactive data summaries for the Great Barrier Reef. Reef monitoring: interactive data summaries for the Great Barrier Reef. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Seastars
Goddard Space Flight, CE NT ER. 2000. Remote sensing of coral reefs. Remote sensing of coral reefs. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering
Coleman, F. C., C. C. Koenig, G. R. Huntsman, J. A. Musick, A. M. Eklund, J. C. McGovern, R. W. Chapman, G. R. Sedberry, and C. B. Grimes. 2000. Long-lived reef fishes: The grouper-snapper complex. Fisheries 25:14-21. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Rice, M. A., A. Valliere, and A. Caporelli. 2000. A review of shellfish restoration and management projects in Rhode Island. Journal of Shellfish Research 19:401-408. 2000 Review Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Petroleum Spills; Ports & Harbors; Surface & Groundwater Flow
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Conservation. 2000. Coral reef protected areas: a guide for management. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Valuation
Reynolds, W. S., J. A. Schwarz, and V. M. Weis. 2000. Symbiosis-enhanced gene expression in cnidarian-algal associations: Cloning and characterization of a cDNA, sym32, encoding a possible cell adhesion protein. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 126:33-44. 2000 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Hajkowicz, S., M. Young, S. Wheeler, D. MacDonald, and D. Young. 2000. Supporting Decisions: Understanding Natural Resource Management Assessment Techniques - A report to the Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation. Primary Industries and Resources SA, Adelaide (South Australia). 2000 Australia Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Resource Use Management; Salinity
Pitcher, T. J., R. Watson, N. Haggan, S. Guenette, R. Kennish, U. R. Sumaila, D. Cook, K. Wilson, and A. Leung. 2000. Marine reserves and the restoration of fisheries and marine ecosystems in the South China Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:543-566. 2000 China Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Thorburn, C. C. 2000. Changing customary marine resource management practice and institutions: The case of Sasi Lola in the Kei Islands, Indonesia. World Development 28:1461-1479. 2000 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Shafer, C. S. and G. J. Inglis. 2000. Influence of social, biophysical, and managerial conditions on tourism experiences within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Environmental Management 26:73-87. 2000 Australia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Shivlani, M. P. and D. O. Suman. 2000. Dive operator use patterns in the designated no-take zones of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Environmental Management 25:647-659. 2000 Florida GIS & Maps Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Landuse Management; Tourism & Recreation
Adey, H. W. 2000. Coral reef ecosystems and human health: Biodiversity counts! Ecosystem Health 6:227-236. 2000 Global Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Souter, D. W. and O. Linden. 2000. The health and future of coral reef systems. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:657-688. 2000 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Sea Temperatures; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Foale, S. and M. Macintyre. 2000. Dynamic and flexible aspects of land and marine tenure at West Nggela: Implications for marine resource management. Oceania 71:30-45. 2000 Model Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Resource Use Management
Mumby, P. J. 2000. Remote sensing of tropical coastal resources: Progress and fresh challenges for the new millennium. Pages 283-291 Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 3. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Rilov, G. and Y. Benayahu. 2000. Fish assemblage on natural versus vertical artificial reefs: The rehabilitation perspective. Marine Biology 136:931-942. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Rinkevich, B. 2000. Steps towards the evaluation of coral reef restoration by using small branch fragments. Marine Biology 136:807-812. 2000 Complex Habitat & Resources; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Riegl, B. and W. E. Piller. 2000. Mapping of benthic habitats in northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt): A tool for proactive management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10:127-140. 2000 Egypt GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Pattengill-Semmens, C., S. R. Gittings, and T. Shyka. 2000. Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary: a rapid assessment of coral, fish, and algae using the AGRRA protocol. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series MSD-00-3. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Sanctuaries Division, Silver Spring, MD. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Social Organizations
Werner, T. B., L. P. Pinto, G. F. Dutra, and P. G. Do Prado Pereira. 2000. Abrolhos 2000: Conserving the southern Atlantic's richest coastal biodiversity into the next century. Coastal Management 28:99-108. 2000 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas
Dudgeon, C. L., N. Gust, and D. Blair. 2000. No apparent genetic basis to demographic differences in scarid fishes across continental shelf of the great barrier reef. Marine Biology 137:1059-1066. 2000 Australia Corallivorous Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Titlyanov, E. A., J. Tsukahara, T. V. Titlyanova, V. A. Leletkin, R. Van Woesik, and K. Yamazato. 2000. Zooxanthellae population density and physiological state of the coral Stylophora pistillata during starvation and osmotic shock. Symbiosis 28:303-322. 2000 Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Nhan, D. D., N. X. Duc, D. H. Duong, N. T. Tiep, and B. C. Que. 2000. Vietnam and adjacent Bien Dong (South China Sea). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 561-568. 2000 China; Vietnam Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity
Bunce, L., K. Gustavson, J. Williams, and M. Miller. 1999. The human side of reef management: A case study analysis of the socioeconomic framework of Montego Bay Marine Park. Coral Reefs 18:369-380. 1999 Jamaica Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Non-Monetary Valuation
Charton, J. A. G. and A. P. Ruzafa. 1999. Ecological heterogeneity and the evaluation of the effects of marine reserves. Fisheries Research 42:20-Jan. 1999 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Edgar, G. J. and N. S. Barrett. 1999. Effects of the declaration of marine reserves on Tasmanian reef fishes, invertebrates and plants. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 242:107-144. 1999 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Goth, A. and U. Vogel. 1999. Notes on breeding and conservation of birds on Niuafo'ou Island, Kingdom of Tonga. Pacific Conservation Biology 5:103-114. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Tonga Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, T. Van't Hof, K. De Meyer, J. Tratalos, and C. Aldam. 1999. Effects of recreational scuba diving on Caribbean coral and fish communities. Conservation Biology 13:888-897. 1999 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Swearer, S. E., J. E. Caselle, D. W. Lea, and R. R. Warner. 1999. Larval retention and recruitment in an island population of a coral-reef fish. Nature 402:799-802. 1999 Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Nutrients
Mead, S. and K. Black. 1999. A multipurpose, artificial reef at Mount Maunganui Beach, New Zealand. Coastal Management 27:355-365. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Hodgson, G. 1999. A global assessment of human effects on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:345-355. 1999 Global Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Shackley, M. 1999. Tourism development and environmental protection in southern Sinai. Tourism Management 20:543-548. 1999 Egypt Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Kelleher, G. 1999. Guidelines for Marine Protected Areas. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and R. J. Jones. 1999. Photoinhibition and photoprotection in symbiotic dinoflagellates from reef-building corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 183:73-86. 1999 Australia Algae; Light; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Otto, J. C. 1999. Four new species of Agaue (Acarina: Halacaridae) from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 40:273-281. 1999 Australia Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Al-Awadhi, F. M. A. 1999. The Year of the Ocean and its crucial importance to the Gulf. Desalination 123:127-133. 1999 Global Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Finfish Harvest; Littering; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waste Management Policies
Boutaud, O. and A. R. Brash. 1999. Purification and catalytic activities of the two domains of the allene oxide synthase-lipoxygenase fusion protein of the coral Plexaura homomalla. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274:33764-33770. 1999 Collaboration & Partnering; Substrate
Bernecker, M., O. Weidlich, and E. Flugel. 1999. Response of Triassic reef coral communities to sea-level fluctuations, storms and sedimentation: Evidence from a spectacular outcrop (Adnet, Austria). Facies 229-280. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
[No author name available]. 1999. Proceedings of the Sand Rights'99. Bringing back the beaches. in Sand Rights 1999 Bringing Back the Beaches. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Security Policies; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Van Treeck, P. and H. Schuhmacher. 1999. Mass diving tourism - A new dimensional calls for new management approaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:499-504. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation
Rezai, H., H. M. Ibrahim, B. A. G. Idris, and M. R. M. Kushairi. 1999. Some effects of submarine pipeline construction on the sessile zoobenthic community of Redang Island. Hydrobiologia 405:163-167. 1999 Malaysia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pipelines
Smith, A. K., P. A. Ajani, and D. E. Roberts. 1999. Spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages exposed to sewage and implications for management. Marine Environmental Research 47:241-260. 1999 Australia Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Sea Urchins
Goatcher, B., D. Zwiefelhofer, R. Lanctot, S. Talbot, B. Pierson, D. Esler, and K. Scribner. 1999. Differentiation and Interchange of Harlequin Duck Populations Within the North Pacific. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Petroleum Spills
Ruitenbeek, J. and C. Cartier. 1999. Issues in applied coral reef biodiversity valuation: results for Montego Bay, Jamaica. World Bank Research Committee Project RPO# 682-22. 1999 Jamaica Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Educational & Research Opportunities; Fishing Sector; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Haynes, J. M., T. W. Stewart, and G. E. Cook. 1999. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in southwestern Lake Ontario following invasion of Dreissena: Continuing change. Journal of Great Lakes Research 25:828-838. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Invertebrates
Chapman, M. R. and D. L. Kramer. 1999. Gradients in coral reef fish density and size across the Barbados Marine Reserve boundary: Effects of reserve protection and habitat characteristics. Marine Ecology Progress Series 181:81-96. 1999 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Mumby, P. J., E. P. Green, A. J. Edwards, and C. D. Clark. 1999. The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. Journal of Environmental Management 55:157-166. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Seagrasses
Diamant, A., A. Banet, I. Paperna, H. V. Westernhagen, K. Broeg, G. Kruener, W. Koerting, and S. Zander. 1999. The use of fish metabolic, pathological and parasitological indices in pollution monitoring II. The Red Sea and Mediterranean. Helgoland Marine Research 53:195-208. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Jameson, S. C., M. S. A. Ammar, E. Saadalla, H. M. Mostafa, and B. Riegl. 1999. A coral damage index and its application to diving sites in the Egyptian Red Sea. Coral Reefs 18:333-339. 1999 Global; Egypt Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Physical Damage; Skeletal Coral
Raghukumar, C., T. M. D'Souza, R. G. Thorn, and C. A. Reddy. 1999. Lignin-modifying enzymes of Flavodon flavus, a basidiomycete isolated from a coastal marine environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:2103-2111. 1999 India CO2; Nutrients; Remediation; Substrate
Schleyer, M. H. 1999. A synthesis of KwaZulu-Natal coral research. Special Publication, 5. A synthesis of KwaZulu-Natal coral research. Special Publication, 5. 1999 Indian Ocean; India; South Africa Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. Muthiga, A. T. Kamukuru, H. Machano, and R. W. Kiambo. 1999. The effects of marine parks and fishing on coral reefs of northern Tanzania. Biological Conservation 89:161-182. 1999 Kenya; Tanzania Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Guzman, H. M. and C. A. Guevara. 1999. Arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro, Panama: III. Distribucion, estructura, diversidad y estado de conservacion de los arrecifes de las islas Pastores, Cristobal, Popa y Cayo Agua. Revista de Biologia Tropical 47:659-676. 1999 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Hammer, O. S. 1999. Computer-aided study of growth patterns in tabulate corals, exemplified by Catenipora heintzi from Ringerike, Oslo region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 79:219-226. 1999 Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Pickering, H., D. Whitmarsh, and A. Jensen. 1999. Artificial reefs as a tool to aid rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems: Investigating the potential. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:505-514. 1999 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Monetary Valuation
Hensel, P. F., J. W. Day Jr., and D. Pont. 1999. Wetland vertical accretion and soil elevation change in the Rhone River Delta, France: The importance of riverine flooding. Journal of Coastal Research 15:668-681. 1999 France Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Anderson, C. and M. Roche. 1999. Transporting the minerals industry into the next century: Environmental challenges at the Port of Townsville. Pages 252-268 in Mining into the next century : environmental opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 24th annual environmental workshop. Townsville, October 1999. 1999 Australia Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mumby, P. J. and A. R. Harborne. 1999. Development of a systematic classification scheme of marine habitats to facilitate regional management and mapping of Caribbean coral reefs. Biological Conservation 88:155-163. 1999 South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing
Hastings, A. and L. W. Botsford. 1999. Equivalence in yield from marine reserves and traditional fisheries management. Science 284:1537-1538. 1999 Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Walker, P. A., R. Greiner, D. McDonald, and V. Lyne. 1999. The Tourism Futures Simulator: A systems thinking approach. Environmental Modelling & Software 14:59-67. 1999 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation
Cruickshank Michael, J. and JU N Dai. 1999. Progress in beach maintenance efforts for the State of Hawaii. Pages 277-283 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering
Harper, D. M., M. Ebrahimnezhad, E. Taylor, S. Dickinson, O. Decamp, G. Verniers, and T. Balbi. 1999. A catchment-scale approach to the physical restoration of lowland UK rivers. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9:141-157. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
1999. Internal storm summary monitoring reports; also see Annual Compliance Report No. 4, Fourth Stormwater Monitoring Report, Fiscal Year 1998-1999, Prepared for Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
MacDonald Craig, D., A. Mitsuyasu Carol, and EL IZ AB ET H Corbin. 1999. Planned underwater dive attractions program for Hawaii. Pages 180-188 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Infrastructure; Tourism & Recreation
Holmlund, C. M. and M. Hammer. 1999. Ecosystem services generated by fish populations. Ecological Economics 29:253-268. 1999 Global Review Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Kershaw, S. and F. R. Brunton. 1999. Palaeozoic stromatoporoid taphonomy: Ecologic and environmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 149:313-328. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Johnson, A. K. L., S. P. Ebert, and A. E. Murray. 1999. Distribution of coastal freshwater wetlands and riparian forests in the Herbert River catchment and implications for management of catchments adjacent the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Environmental Conservation 26:229-235. 1999 Australia; Europe GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
McClanahan, T. R., V. Hendrick, M. J. Rodrigues, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1999. Varying responses of herbivorous and invertebrate-feeding fishes to macroalgal reduction on a coral reef. Coral Reefs 18:195-203. 1999 Kenya Index or Indicator Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Walters, C., D. Pauly, and V. Christensen. 1999. Ecospace: prediction of mesoscale spatial patterns in trophic relationships of exploited ecosystems, with emphasis on the impacts of marine protected areas. Ecosystems 2:539-554. 1999 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Orams, M. 1999. Marine tourism - development, impacts, and management. Routledge., New York. 1999 Tourism & Recreation
Beecham, B. 1999. 'Reef jet' and 'Oceania' - debis finances two different designs to service dive cruise markets. Work Boat World 18:53-54. 1999 Australia Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products
Morrison, R. J. and M. R. Naqasima. 1999. Fiji's Great Astrolabe Lagoon: Baseline study and management issues for a pristine marine environment. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:617-636. 1999 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Wilson, M. E. J., J. L. C. Chambers, M. J. Evans, S. J. Moss, and D. S. Nas. 1999. Cenozoic carbonates in Borneo: Case studies from northeast Kalimantan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17:183-201. 1999 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Sediment
Carlson, B. A. 1999. Organism responses to rapid change: What aquaria tell us about nature. American Zoologist 39:44-55. 1999 Model
Schmitt, R. J. and S. J. Holbrook. 1999. Mortality of juvenile damselfish: Implications for assessing processes that determine abundance. Ecology 80:35-50. 1999 Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Pet-Soede, L., H. S. J. Cesar, and J. S. Pet. 1999. An economic analysis of blast fishing on Indonesian coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 26:83-93. 1999 Indonesia Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Hinrichsen, D. 1999. Reefs at risk. Defenders 74:15-Jun. 1999 Banks, Credit, & Securities; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Storms & Hurricanes
Caselle, J. E. 1999. Early post-settlement mortality in a coral reef fish and its effect on local population size. Ecological Monographs 69:177-194. 1999 US Virgin Islands Fish; Special Use Permitting
Done T.J. 1999. Coral community adaptability to environmental change at the scales of regions, reefs and reef zones. American Zoologist 39:66-79. 1999 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Fish; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Harriott, V. J., S. A. Banks, R. L. Mau, D. Richardson, and L. G. Roberts. 1999. Ecological and conservation significance of the subtidal rocky reef communities of northern New South Wales, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 50:299-306. 1999 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Sponges; Stony Coral
Tom, M., J. Douek, I. Yankelevich, T. C. G. Bosch, and B. Rinkevich. 1999. Molecular characterization of the first heat shock protein 70 from a reef coral. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 262:103-108. 1999 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Stony Coral
Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Corporate Responses; Funding & Incentives; Oil & Gas Rigs; Valuation
Campos-Vazquez, C., L. F. Carrera-Parra, N. E. Gonzalez, and S. I. Salazar-Vallejo. 1999. Criptofauna en rocas de Punta Nizuc, Caribe mexicano y su utilidad como biomonitor potencial. Revista de Biologia Tropical 47:799-808. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Brown, P. J. and R. B. Taylor. 1999. Effects of trampling by humans on animals inhabiting coralline algal turf in the rocky intertidal. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 235:45-53. 1999 Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Trampling
Murray S. N., R. F. Ambrose, J. A. Bohnsack, L. W. Botsford, M. H. Carr, G. E. Davis, P. K. Dayton, D. Gotshall, G. R. Gunderson, M. A. Hixon, J. Lubcheco, M. Mangel, A. MacCall, D. A. McArdle, J. C. Ogden, J. Roughgarden, R. M. Starr, M. J. Tegner, and M. M. Yoklavisch. 1999. No-take reserve networks. Fisheries 24:11-25. 1999 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Hallacher, L. and B. Tissot. 1999. Quantitative underwater ecological surveying techniques: a coral reef monitoring workshop. Pages 147-158 in Proceedings of the Hawai'I coral reef monitoring workshop. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Social Organizations
Cruickshank, M. J. 1999. Development of aggregate resources in Pacific tropical islands. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:101. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Schaeffer, T. N., M. S. Foster, M. E. Landrau, and R. K. Walder. 1999. Diver disturbance in kelp forests. California Fish and Game 85:170-176. 1999 Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Tourism & Recreation
Epstein, N., R. P. M. Bak, and B. Rinkevich. 1999. Implementation of a small-scale 'no-use zone' policy in a reef ecosystem: Eilat's reef-lagoon six years later. Coral Reefs 18:327-332. 1999 Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Shoreline Protection
Harriott, V. J. 1999. Coral recruitment at a high latitude Pacific site: A comparison with Atlantic reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 65:881-891. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Marine Protected Areas
Jesinghaus, J. and R. Montgomery. 1999. Towards environmental pressure indicators for the EU. 1999 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Fernandes, L., M. A. Ridgley, and T. Van't Hof. 1999. Multiple criteria analysis integrates economic, ecological and social objectives for coral reef managers. Coral Reefs 18:393-402. 1999 Global Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Fenton, N. E. and M. Neil. 1999. Software metrics: successes, failures and new directions. Journal of Systems and Software 47:149-157. 1999 Europe Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Rodriguez-Martinez, R. and L. M. Ortiz. 1999. Coral reef education in schools of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:1061-1068. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Schools & Colleges
1999. Internal storm summary monitoring reports; also see Annual Compliance Report No. 4, Fourth Stormwater Monitoring Report, Fiscal Year 1998-1999, Prepared for Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Scarlett, A., P. Donkin, T. W. Fileman, and R. J. Morris. 1999. Occurrence of the antifouling herbicide, Irgarol 1051, within coastal-water seagrasses from Queensland, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:687-691. 1999 Australia; Europe Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Titlyanov, E. A., T. V. Titlyanova, J. Tsukahara, R. Van Woesik, and K. Yamazato. 1999. Experimental increases of zooxanthellae density in the coral Stylophora pistillata elucidate adaptive mechanisms for zooxanthellae regulation. Symbiosis 26:347-362. 1999 Plankton; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Cragg, G. M. and D. J. Newman. 1999. Discovery and development of antineoplastic agents from natural sources. Cancer Investigation 17:153-163. 1999 Collaboration & Partnering; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Spencer, T. 1998. Tectonic and environmental histories in the Pitcairn group, palaeogene to present: Reconstructions and speculations. Atoll Research Bulletin 322. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bak, R.P.M. and E. H. Meesters. 1998. Coral population structure: the hidden information of colony size-frequency distributions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162:301-306. 1998 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Chadwick, D. H. 1998. Blue refuges: U.S. national marine sanctuaries. National Geographic 193:2. 1998 Florida Lab Study Finfish Harvest; Pathogens
NEPA. 1998. MARICULTURE DRAFT POLICY AND REGULATION NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AUTHORITY COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT DIVISION. National Environment & Planning agency. 1998 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands
Oliveira, P., A. Pascoal, V. Silva, and C. Silvestre. 1998. Mission control of the MARIUS autonomous underwater vehicle: System design, implementation and sea trials. International Journal of Systems Science 29:1065-1080. 1998 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Proust, J. N. 1998. Carbonate platform drowning in a foreland setting: The mid-Carbondifrous Platform in Western Urals (Russia). Journal of Sedimentary Research 68:1175-1188. 1998 GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thewlis, R. M., R. J. Timmins, T. D. Evans, and J. W. Duckworth. 1998. The conservation status of birds in Laos: A review of key species. Bird Conservation International 8:1-159. 1998 Global; Thailand Review Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley, and V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8:559-568. 1998 Review Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Gischler, E. and J. H. Hudson. 1998. Holocene development of three isolated carbonate platforms, Belize, Central America. Marine Geology 144:333-347. 1998 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hammer, O. 1998. Regulation of astogeny in halysitid tabulates. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 43:635-651. 1998 Model Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Sponges
DeVantier, L. M., G. De'ath, T. J. Done, and E. Turak. 1998. Ecological assessment of a complex natural system: A case study from the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications 8:480-496. 1998 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Skeletal Coral
Hower Amy, E. 1998. Combining wave energy and artificial reef technology for sustainable coastal resource development. Pages 1691-1695 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1998 Review Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Drinking Water Supply; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Gribble, N. A. and J. W. A. Robertson. 1998. Fishing effort in the far northern section cross shelf closure area of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: The effectiveness of area closures. Journal of Environmental Management 52:53-67. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rilov, G. and Y. Benayahu. 1998. Vertical artificial structures as an alternative habitat for coral reef fishes in disturbed environments. Marine Environmental Research 45:431-451. 1998 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Russ, C. R., D. C. Lou, J. B. Higgs, and B. P. Ferreira. 1998. Mortality rate of a cohort of the coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, in zones of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park closed to fishing. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:507-511. 1998 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. 1998 Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Venezuela; India Model Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Davis, G. E., P. L. Haaker, and D. V. Richards. 1998. The perilous condition of white abalone Haliotis sorenseni, Bartsch, 1940. Journal of Shellfish Research 17:871-875. 1998 Cuba Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector
Christian, R., F. Steimle, and R. Stone. 1998. Evolution of marine artificial reef development-a philosophical review of management strategies. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:32-36. 1998 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Culbertson, J. C. and D. D. Peter. 1998. Development of tagging techniques for monitoring fish populations at Texas artificial reefs. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:46-53. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Deysher, L., T. A. Dean, R. Grove, and A. Jahn. 1998. An experimental reef program to test designs of an artificial reef for kelp mitigation. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:64-72. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Mitigation
Lewis, AL AN. 1998. National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth. 32:22-23. 1998 Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Docks & Marinas
Gittings, S. R. 1998. Reef community stability on the Flower Garden Banks, northwest Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:161-169. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Dalzell, P. 1998. The role of archaeological and cultural-historical records in long-range coastal fisheries resources management strategies and policies in the Pacific Islands. Ocean and Coastal Management 40:237-252. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Molluscs
Demartini, E. E. 1998. How might recruitment research on coral-reef fishes help manage tropical reef fisheries? Austral Ecology 23:305-310. 1998 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Taniguchi, H. 1998. Knowledge, expertise and enthusiasm. Governments need the collaboration of the private sector including NGOs in effectively and timely tackling the global issues. Integration (Tokyo, Japan) 56:3-Feb. 1998 Global; Japan Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering
Williamson, A. 1998. Use of acoustics in remote sensing of the seabed. Hydro International 2:51-53. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management
Morgan, C. L., J. H. Barry Jr., and M. J. Cruickshank. 1998. Characterization of marine aggregates off Waikiki, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 16:75-94. 1998 GIS & Maps Algae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Stony Coral
Kasprzak, R. A. 1998. Use of oil and gas platforms as habitat in Louisiana's artificial reef program. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:37-45. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Defense; Corporate Responses; Finfish Harvest; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting; Utility Policies
Chauvaud, S., C. Bouchon, and R. Maniere. 1998. Remote sensing techniques adapted to high resolution mapping of tropical coastal marine ecosystems (coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangrove). International Journal of Remote Sensing 19:3625-3639. 1998 Martinique Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Pattengill-Semmens, C. V. and B. X. Semmens. 1998. An analysis of fish survey data generated by nonexpert volunteers in the Flower Garden Banks national marine sanctuary. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:196-207. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Resource Use Management; Social Organizations
Hixon, M. A. 1998. Population dynamics of coral-reef fishes: Controversial concepts and hypotheses. Austral Ecology 23:192-201. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Bryant, D., L. Burke, J. McManus, and M. Spalding. 1998. Reefs at risk: a map based indicator of threats to the world�s coral reefs. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 1998 Index or Indicator Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Forest, N. B. 1998. Assessment of coastal regulations and implementation: case study of Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras. Coastal Management 26:125-155. 1998 South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Model Special Use Permitting
Jameson S. C., M. V. Erdmann, G. R. Gibson Jr., and K. W. Potts. 1998. Development of biological criteria for coral reef ecosystem assessment. Atoll Research Bulletin 450:1-102. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Special Use Permitting
Adey, Walter H. 1998. Coral reefs: conservation by valuation and the utilization of pharmaceutical potential. Pages 72-5 in Coral Reefs: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management; Proceedings of an Associated Event of the Fifth Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development, World Bank, Washington, DC October 9-11,. 1998 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Valuation
Troynikov, V. S., R. W. Day, and A. M. Leorke. 1998. Estimation of seasonal growth parameters using a stochastic Gompertz model for tagging data. Journal of Shellfish Research 17:833-838. 1998 Model Fishing Sector
Major, J. 1998. Do marine 'no-take' zones work? Australasian Science 19:20-22. 1998 Global; Australia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Ranjith, M. W. and N. De Silva. 1998. The Coastal Resources Management Program in Brunei Darussalam. Ocean and Coastal Management 38:147-160. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Oil & Gas Rigs; Petroleum Spills
Takeuchi, M. and M. Komada. 1998. Phosphorus removal from hoggery sewage using natural calcium carbonate. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 32:23-30. 1998 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fouda, M. M., G. V. Hermosa Jr., and S. M. Al-Harthi. 1998. Status of fish biodiversity in the Sultanate of Oman. Italian Journal of Zoology 65:521-525. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Special Use Permitting
Stednick, J. D., D. M. Gilbert, and M. D. Lee. 1998. Development of a national water quality monitoring programme for Belize. IAHS-AISH Publication 379-386. 1998 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Whittington, I. D. 1998. Diversity 'down under': monogeneans in the Antipodes (Australia) with a prediction of monogenean biodiversity worldwide. International Journal for Parasitology 28:1481-1493. 1998 Global; Australia Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Zeller, D. C. 1998. Spawning aggregations: Patterns of movement of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) as determined by ultrasonic telemetry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162:253-263. 1998 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Gibson, J., M. McField, and S. Wells. 1998. Coral reef management in Belize: An approach through integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:229-244. 1998 South & Central America; Belize Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Permitting & Zoning; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Peachey, A. 1998. An economic valuation of water based recreation in the Great Barrier Reef marine park. Australian Parks and Recreation 34:14-16. 1998 Australia; Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Nunez Lara, E. and E. Arias Gonzalez. 1998. The relationship between reef fish community structure and environmental variables in the southern Mexican Caribbean. Journal of Fish Biology 53:209-221. 1998 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Algae; Fish; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Leung, P. S., J. Muraoka, S. T. Nakamoto, and S. Pooley. 1998. Evaluating fisheries management options in Hawaii using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Fisheries Research 36:171-183. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Yu, S. and E. Patron. 1998. Technical Assistance Report Route 7/Goose Creek Water Quality Impact Study. 1998 Dam Construction & Maintenance; Land & Air Transportation; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Li, H., M. J. W. Veldhuis, and A. F. Post. 1998. Alkaline phosphatase activities among planktonic communities in the northern Red Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 173:107-115. 1998 Iran Index or Indicator Plankton; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Brown, K., W. N. Adger, E. Tompkins, P. Bacon, D. Shim, and K. Young. 1998. A framework for incorporating stakeholder participation in marine resource management: A case study in Tobago. Working Paper - Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment. 1998 Global; Trinidad; Tobago Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
McConney, P. and R. Mahon. 1998. Introducing fishery management planning to Barbados. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:189-195. 1998 Review Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Stejskal, I. V. 1998. Drilling in environmentally sensitive marine areas in Western Australia: The Wonnich appraisal drilling program setting an industry example. Pages 263-272 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Bortone, S. A. 1998. Resolving the attraction-production dilemma in artificial reef research: Some Yeas and Nays. Fisheries 23:10-Jun. 1998 Model Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Graham, T. and N. Idechong. 1998. Reconciling customary and constitutional law: Managing marine resources in Palau, Micronesia. Ocean and Coastal Management 40:143-164. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Europe Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Berg, H., M. C. Ohman, S. Troeng, and O. Linden. 1998. Environmental economics of coral reef destruction in Sri Lanka. Ambio 27:627-634. 1998 Sri Lanka; Southeast Asia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Worheide, G. 1998. The reef cave dwelling ultraconservative coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana Lister 1900 from the Indo-Pacific. Facies 38:Jan-88. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hendee James, C. 1998. Expert system for marine environmental monitoring in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Florida Bay. Pages 57-66 in International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Salinity; Sea Temperatures
Planes, S., J.-Y. Jouvenel, and P. Lenfant. 1998. Density dependence in post-recruitment processes of juvenile sparids in the littoral of the Mediterranean Sea. Oikos 83:293-300. 1998 Fish; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
UMIAMI-RSMAS,. 1998. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; Mexico Model Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Marine Debris; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Point Source Discharges
Alibert, C. and M. T. McCulloch. 1997. Strontium/calcium ratios in modern Porites corals from the Great Barrier Reef as a proxy for sea surface temperature: Calibration of the thermometer and monitoring of ENSO. Paleoceanography 12:345-363. 1997 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Drollet, J. H., T. Teai, M. Faucon, and P. M. V. Martin. 1997. Field study of compensatory changes in UV-absorbing compounds in the mucus of the solitary coral Fungia repanda (Scleractinia:Fungiidae) in relation to solar UV radiation, sea-water temperature, and other coincident physico-chemical parameters. Marine and Freshwater Research 48:329-333. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Takazawa, H., M. Amano, SA MU EL A Tukan, and T. Tanaka. 1997. Study on multi-function ocean thermal energy conversion utilization system for coral reef area. Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho/Bulletin of the Electrotechnical Laboratory 61:16-Nov. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji
Riegl, B. and W. E. Piller. 1997. Distribution and environmental control of coral assemblages in Northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt). Facies 140-162. 1997 Egypt GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral
Harriott, V. J., D. Davis, and S. A. Banks. 1997. Recreational diving and its impact in marine protected areas in Eastern Australia. Ambio 26:173-179. 1997 Australia; Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Cesar, H., C. G. Lundin, S. Bettencourt, J. Dixon. 1997. Indonesian coral reefs - an economic analysis of a precious but threatened resource. Ambio 26:345-350. 1997 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Gomez, E. D. 1997. Reef management in developing countries: A case study in the Philippines. Coral Reefs 16. 1997 Philippines Infrastructure
Goiran, C., D. Allemand, and I. Galgani. 1997. Transient Na+ stress in symbiotic dinoflagellates after isolation from coral-host cells and subsequent immersion in seawater. Marine Biology 129:581-589. 1997 Cuba Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Costanza, R., R. d'Arge, R. de Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R. V. O'Neill, J. Paruelo, R. G. Raskin, P. Sutton, and M. van den Belt. 1997. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature 387:253-260. 1997 Global Monetary Valuation
Komatsu, T. 1997. Long-term changes in the Zostera bed area in the Seto Inland Sea (Japan), especially along the coast of the Okayama Prefecture. Oceanologica Acta 20:209-216. 1997 Japan Review Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development; Nutrients
Edgar, G. J., J. Moverley, N. S. Barrett, D. Peters, and C. Reed. 1997. The conservation-related benefits of a systematic marine biological sampling programme: The Tasmanian reef bioregionalisation as a case study. Biological Conservation 79:227-240. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
[No author name available]. 1997. Tracers catch the drift. Dredging and Port Construction 24:18-19. 1997 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Duane, M. J., G. Pigozzi, and C. Harris. 1997. Geochemistry of some deep gold mine waters from the western portion of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 24:105-123. 1997 South Africa Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining Policies
Fontaine, M. 1997. Ethics, bioethics and medical sciences [ethique, bioethique(s) et sciences medicales]. Bulletin de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine 181:1477-1486. 1997 Health Policies; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Special Use Permitting
Holasek Rick, E., P. Portigal Frederick, C. Mooradian Gregory, A. Voelker Mark, M. Even Detlev, W. Fene Michael, D. Owensby Pamela, and S. Breitwieser David. 1997. HSI mapping of marine and coastal environments using the advanced airborne hyperspectral imaging system (AAHIS). Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 3071:169-180. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Gomez, P., J. A. Mercado, L. M. Mitchell, and S. I. Salazar-Vallejo. 1997. Poliquetos de fondos duros (Polychaeta) de bahias de Huatulco y Puerto Angel, Oaxaca, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 45:1067-1074. 1997 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Mexico Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Kricher, J. 1997. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. 1997 Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Steele, M. A. 1997. Population regulation by post-settlement mortality in two temperate reef fishes. Oecologia 112:64-74. 1997 Special Use Permitting
Phillips, J. C., G. A. Kendrick, and P. S. Lavery. 1997. A test of a functional group approach to detecting shifts in macroalgal communities along a disturbance gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 153:125-138. 1997 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae
Medio, D., R. F. G. Ormond, and M. Pearson. 1997. Effect of briefings on rates of damage to corals by scuba divers. Biological Conservation 79:91-95. 1997 Cuba; Egypt Environmental Education & Outreach; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Venier, J.M., D. Pauly. 1997. Trophic Dynamics of a Florida Keys Coral Reef Ecosystem. Pages 915-920 in Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. 1997 Florida Model Collaboration & Partnering; Fish
Hixon, M. A. and M. H. Carr. 1997. Synergistic predation, density dependence, and population regulation in marine fish. Science 277:946-949. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting
Spalding, M. D. and A. M. Grenfell. 1997. New estimates of global and regional coral reef areas. Coral Reefs 16:225-230. 1997 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector
Daily, G. C., S. Alexander, P. R. Ehrlich, L. Goulder, J. Lubchenco, P. A. Matson, H. A. Mooney, S. Postel, S. H. Schneider, D.Tilman, and G. M. Woodwell. 1997. Ecosystem services: benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems. Issues in Ecology 1:1-18. 1997 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; Economic Markets & Policies; Forestry; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
[No author name available]. 1997. Special Issue: 5th symposium on our environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:1-615. 1997 Global; Malaysia; Southeast Asia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Link, J. 1997. Untrawlable bottom in shrimp statistical zones of the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Marine Fisheries Review 59:33-36. 1997 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Davis, H. 1997. Progress on Norfolk's coastal defences. Dredging and Port Construction 24:39. 1997 Shoreline Protection
Culbertson Jan, C. 1997. Alternative donation options with the Texas Artificial Reef Program. Pages 421-431 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1997 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Tourism & Recreation
White, A. T., V. Barker, and G. Tantrigama. 1997. Using integrated coastal management and economics to conserve coastal tourism resources in sri lanka. Ambio 26:335-344. 1997 Sri Lanka Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation
Pickering, H. and D. Whitmarsh. 1997. Artificial reefs and fisheries exploitation: A review of the 'attraction versus production' debate, the influence of design and its significance for policy. Fisheries Research 31:39-59. 1997 Review Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Preen, A. R., H. Marsh, I. R. Lawler, R. I. T. Prince, and R. Shepherd. 1997. Distribution and abundance of Dugongs, Turtles, Dolphins and other Megafauna in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia. Wildlife Research 24:185-208. 1997 Australia; Middle East Apex Fish Predators; Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Whales & Dolphins
Tanner, J. E. 1997. The effects of density on the zoanthid Palythoa caesia. Journal of Animal Ecology 66:793-810. 1997 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
Robison, W. L., K. T. Bogen, and C. L. Conrado. 1997. An updated dose assessment for resettlement options at Bikini Atoll - A U.S. nuclear test site. Health Physics 73:100-114. 1997 Marshall Islands; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Simon, S. L. 1997. A brief history of people and events related to atomic weapons testing in the Marshall Islands. Health Physics 73:20-May. 1997 Micronesia; Marshall Islands Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Military; Remediation
Pandey, J. S. and P. Khanna. 1997. Sensitivity analysis of a mangrove ecosystem model. Journal of Environmental Systems 26:57-72. 1997 Model Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
McClanahan, T. R., D. Obura. 1997. Sedimentation effects on shallow coral communities in Kenya. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 209:103-122. 1997 Kenya Algae; Discharges; Hydrocoral; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
White, E. W. 1997. Biomaterials innovation: It's a long road to the operating room. Materials Research Innovations 1:57-63. 1997 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ilgner, H. J. and C. P. Kramers. 1997. Lateral hydraulic transportation of comminuted reef and waste in future concentrated mining operations. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 97:83-88. 1997 South Africa Review Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining
Dvorak, J. 1997. Geology of palaeozoic sediments in the surroundings of Ostrov u Macochy (Moravian Karst, Moravia) [Geologie paleozoika v okoli Ostrova u Macochy (Moravský kras, Morava)]. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 42:105-110. 1997 Drinking Water Supply; Sediment
Haynes, D. 1997. Marine debris on continental islands and sand cays in the Far Northern Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34:276-279. 1997 Australia Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas
Walters, C., V. Christensen, and D. Pauly. 1997. Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass-balance assessments. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7:139-172. 1997 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Grimshaw, R. 1997. Floating on the margins. Pages 29-30+32 Offshore Engineer. 1997 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges; Mitigation; Plankton; Sponges; Whales & Dolphins
Mcclanahan, T. R., H. Glaesel, J. Rubens, and R. Kiambo. 1997. The effects of traditional fisheries management on fisheries yields and the coral-reef ecosystems of southern Kenya. Environmental Conservation 24:105-120. 1997 Kenya Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Liao, I. C. 1997. Status, problems and prospects of stock enhancement in Taiwan. Hydrobiologia 352:167-180. 1997 Japan; Taiwan Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Special Use Permitting
McManus, J. W. 1997. Tropical marine fisheries and the future of coral reefs: A brief review with emphasis on Southeast Asia. Coral Reefs 16. 1997 Global; Southeast Asia Review; Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Scientific Research; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Dight, I. J. and L. M. Scherl. 1997. The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI): Global priorities for the conservation and management of coral reefs and the need for partnerships. Coral Reefs 16. 1997 Global Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Resource Use Management
Nasr, S., A. F. Abdel-Kader, H. I. El-Gamilyt, and M. El-Raey. 1997. Coastal zone geomorphology of Ras-Mohammed area, Red Sea, Egypt. Journal of Coastal Research 13:134-140. 1997 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Holden, HE AT HE R and EL LS WO RT H LeDrew. 1997. Spectral identification of coral biological vigour. Pages 610-612 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Roberts, C. M. 1997. Connectivity and management of Carribean coral reefs. Science 278:1454-1457. 1997 GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zeller, D. C. 1997. Home range and activity patterns of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 154:65-77. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C. 1997 Global; Tanzania; Maldives; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; Southeast Asia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Germany Lab Study; GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Live Collection; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
LeDrew, EL LS WO RT H, DR EW Knight, and HE AT HE R Holden. 1997. Remote sensing analysis of submerged coral reefs: Applications for integrated coastal management in Fiji. Pages 809-812 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 1997 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Jones, R. J. and D. Yellowlees. 1997. Regulation and control of intracellular algae ( = zooxanthellae) in hard corals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 352:457-468. 1997 Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Walter, D. J., D. N. Lambert, D. C. Young, and K. P. Stephens. 1997. Mapping sediment acoustic impedance using remote sensing acoustic techniques in a shallow-water carbonate environment. Geo-Marine Letters 17:260-267. 1997 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Peters, E.C., N.J. Gassman, J.C. Firman, R.H. Richmonds, E.A. Power. 1997. Ecotoxicology of Tropical Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:12-40. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Knight, D., E. LeDrew, and H. Holden. 1997. Mapping submerged corals in Fiji from remote sensing and in situ measurements: Applications for integrated coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management 34:153-170. 1997 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Luttinger, N. 1997. Community-based coral reef conservation in the Bay Islands of Honduras. Ocean and Coastal Management 36:22-Nov. 1997 Honduras Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Makoloweka, S. and K. Shurcliff. 1997. Coastal management in Tanga, Tanzania: A decentralized community-based approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 37:349-357. 1997 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Aquaculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landuse Management; Mangroves
Macdonald, L. H., D. M. Anderson, and W. E. Dietrich. 1997. Paradise threatened: Land use and erosion on St. John, US Virgin Islands. Environmental Management 21:851-863. 1997 US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Mangroves; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies
Grossman, G. D., G. P. Jones, and W. J. Seaman Jr. 1997. Do artificial reefs increase regional fish production? A review of existing data. Fisheries 22:17-23. 1997 Review Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting
Hildebrand Lawrence, P. 1997. Introduction to the special issue on community-based coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management 36:9-Jan. 1997 Collaboration & Partnering
Planes, S. and R. Galzin. 1997. New perspectives in biogeography of coral reef fish in the pacific using phylogeography and population genetics approaches. Vie et Milieu 47:375-380. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Philippines Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Attwood, C. G., J. M. Harris, and A. J. Williams. 1997. International experience of marine protected areas and their relevance to South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 311-332. 1997 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Corporate Responses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sando, W. J. 1997. Late Paleozoic coral genera and subgenera. State of the art, 1814-1994. Boletin - Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural: Seccion Geologica 91:61-71. 1997 China; Europe Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Mcmanus, J. W., R. B. Reyes Jr., and C. L. Nanola Jr. 1997. Effects of some destructive fishing methods on coral cover and potential rates of recovery. Environmental Management 21:69-78. 1997 Philippines Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest
Bodge Kevin, R. 1997. Structural restoration of coral reefs damaged by vessel groundings. Pages 4261-4273 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1997 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Engineering; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Bavestrello, G., C. Cerrano, D. Zanzi, and R. Cattaneo-Vietti. 1997. Damage by fishing activities to the Gorgonian coral Paramuricea clavata in the Ligurian Sea. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 7:253-262. 1997 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Octocoral
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. 1996. Integrated growth patterns of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig. Aquatic Botany 55:139-144. 1996 South & Central America; Caribbean Special Use Permitting
Boss, S. K. 1996. Digital shaded relief image of a carbonate platform (northern Great Bahama Bank): Scenery seen and unseen. Geology 24:985-988. 1996 Cuba Sediment
Lapointe, B. E. and W. R. Matzie. 1996. Effects of stormwater nutrient discharges on eutrophication processes in nearshore waters of the Florida Keys. Estuaries 19:422-435. 1996 Florida Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Luckett, C., W.H. Adey, J. Morrissey and D.M. Spoon. 1996. Coral reef mesocosms and microcosms - successes, problems, and the future of laboratory models. Ecological Engineering 6:57-72. 1996 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Bahamas; Caribbean Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Plankton
[No author name available]. 1996. Guidelines for integrated coastal zone management. Guidelines for integrated coastal zone management. 1996 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing Sector; Wetlands
Burrage, D. M., C. R. Steinberg, W. J. Skirving, and J. A. Kleypas. 1996. Mesoscale circulation features of the great barrier reef region inferred from NOAA satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 56:21-41. 1996 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Gravier-Bonnet, N. and D. Mioche. 1996. Annual survey of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) cohabiting in shrimp-crevices on a reef flat of La Reunion (Indian Ocean). Scientia Marina 60:165-181. 1996 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Lab Study; GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Sea Urchins
Harris Lee, E., J. Mostkoff Benjamin, and GE RA LD Zadikoff. 1996. Artificial reefs: from waste to resources. Pages 754-759 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1996 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Shoreline Armoring; Tourism & Recreation
Poulsen, A. L. 1996. Coral reef gastropods - A sustainable resource? Pacific Conservation Biology 2:142-145. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Commercial Fisheries; Molluscs; Resource Use Management
Titlyanov, E. A., T. V. Titlyanova, V. A. Leletkin, J. Tsukahara, R. Van Woesik, and K. Yamazato. 1996. Degradation of zooxanthellae and regulation of their density in hermatypic corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 139:167-178. 1996 Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Amar, E. C., R. M. T. Cheong, and M. V. T. Cheong. 1996. Small-scale fisheries of coral reefs and the need for community-based resource management in Malalison Island, Philippines. Fisheries Research 25:265-277. 1996 Philippines Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Small Herbivorous Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Dubinsky, Z. and N. Stambler. 1996. Marine pollution and coral reefs. Global Change Biology 2:511-526. 1996 Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges; Zooxanthellae
Hill, G. J. E., P. K. Dyer, J. L. Carter, and T. Barnes. 1996. Nesting activity, breeding success and colony size for the wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificus on Heron Island. Australian Journal of Ecology 21:316-323. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Cuba Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Bour, W., S. Dupont, and P. Joannot. 1996. Establishing a \SPOT\" thematic neo-channel for the study of hard-of-access lagoon environments: Example of application on the growth areas of the New Caledonian reefs". Geocarto International 11:29-39. 1996 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Jennings, S., S. S. Marshall, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1996. Seychelles' marine protected areas: Comparative structure and status of reef fish communities. Biological Conservation 75:201-209. 1996 Seychelles Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Folke, C., C. S. Holling, and Charles Perrings. 1996. Biological diversity, ecosystems, and the human scale. Ecological Applications 6:1018-1024. 1996 Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Economic Markets & Policies
Newman, S. J., D. M. Williams, and G. R. Russ. 1996. Variability in the population structure of Lutjanus adetii (Castelnau, 1873) and L. quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) among reefs in the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fishery Bulletin 94:313-329. 1996 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 1996. Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay. 1996 Florida Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Pilcher, J. R. 1996. The past global changes (PAGES) project. Geological Society Special Publication 251-256. 1996 Global; Australia; China; Europe Climate; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nayak, S., P. Chauhan, H. B. Chauhan, A. Bahuguna, and A. Narendra Nath. 1996. IRS-1C applications for coastal zone management. Current Science 70:614-618. 1996 Remote Sensing Mangroves; Sediment
Sylwester, R. E., J. L. Dasler, and T. C. Sullivan. 1996. A marine geophysical investigation to determine the cause for failure of the yaquina bay jetty, newport, oregon. Geotechnical Special Publication 62:42-55. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Military; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Osborn, TI M, KE VI N Bodge, MI LE S Croom, MA RK Schroeder, and CH AR LI E Wahle. 1996. Structural restoration of two coral reefs in the Florida keys national marine sanctuary. Pages 14-17 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1996 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Collaboration & Partnering; Military
Riegl, B. and A. Riegl. 1996. Studies on coral community structure and damage as a basis for zoning marine reserves. Biological Conservation 77:269-277. 1996 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Landuse Management; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dumbleton, B. 1996. Shore thing. Surveyor 183:16-18. 1996 Collaboration & Partnering
Hinrichsen, DO N. 1996. Coasts in Crisis: The earth's most biologically productive habitats are being smothered by development. Only coordinated international action can save them. Issues in Science and Technology 12:39-47. 1996 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Wetlands
Flathman Paul, E., L. Laski Mary, R. Trausch Jason, H. Carson Jr. John, M. Woodhull Patrick, E. Jerger Douglas, and R. Lear Paul. 1996. Effect of micronutrient addition on the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated coral sand at a U.S. Navy facility on Midway Island in the Pacific. in Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Coastal Defense; Military; Nutrients; Remediation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Richards, R. P., D. B. Baker, N. L. Creamer, J. W. Kramer, D. E. Ewing, B. J. Merryfield, and L. K. Wallrabenstein. 1996. Well water quality, well vulnerability, and agricultural contamination in the midwestern United States. Journal of Environmental Quality 25:389-402. 1996 India GIS & Maps Agriculture; Cultural Protections; Drinking Water Supply; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Finn, M. D. and M. J. Kingsford. 1996. Two-phase recruitment of Apogonids (pisces) on the great barrier reef. Marine and Freshwater Research 47:423-432. 1996 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Skeletal Coral
Myers, N. 1996. The biodiversity crisis and the future of evolution. Environmentalist 16:37-47. 1996 Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Wetlands
Clark, J. R. 1996. Coastal zone management handbook. Coastal zone management handbook. 1996 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Agriculture; Aquaculture; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Chou, C. and C.-T. Sun. 1996. A computer-network-supported cooperative distance learning system for technical communication education. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 39:205-214. 1996 Taiwan Collaboration & Partnering
Mittermeier, R. A., T. B. Werner, and A. Lees. 1996. New Caledonia - A conservation imperative for an ancient land. ORYX 30:104-112. 1996 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Madagascar; New Caledonia Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Russ, G. R. and A. C. Alcala. 1996. Do marine reserves export adult fish biomass? Evidence from Apo Island, central Philippines. Marine Ecology Progress Series 132:9-Jan. 1996 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Swart, P. K., R. E. Dodge, and H. J. Hudson. 1996. A 240-year stable oxygen and carbon isotopic record in a coral from South Florida: implications for the prediction of precipitation in Southern Florida. Palaios 11:362-375. 1996 Florida CO2
Nacorda, H. M. E. and H. T. Yap. 1996. Macroinfaunal biomass and energy flow in a shallow reef flat of the northwestern Philippines. Hydrobiologia 341:37-49. 1996 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Primary Production; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate
Alder, J. 1996. Costs and effectiveness of education and enforcement, cairns section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Environmental Management 20:541-551. 1996 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Hyndes, G. A., I. C. Potter, and R. C. J. Lenanton. 1996. Habitat partitioning by whiting species (Sillaginidae) in coastal waters. Environmental Biology of Fishes 45:21-40. 1996 Australia Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fukuda, T. 1996. What does the red-tiled roof mean? The conservation movement in the historic district of Taketomi Island, Okinawa. Geographical Review of Japan, Series A 69:727-743. 1996 Japan Building & Home Construction; Cultural Protections; Housing; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Military; Tourism & Recreation
Caley, M. J., M. H. Carr, M. A. Hixon, T. P. Hughes, G. P. Jones, and B. A. Menge. 1996. Recruitment and the local dynamics of open marine populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:477-500. 1996 Invertebrates; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Cortes, J. and C. E. Jimenez. 1996. Coastal-marine environments of Parque Nacional Corcovado, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44:35-40. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica Beaches & Nature Parks; Stony Coral
Craik, W. 1996. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia: A model for regional management. Natural Areas Journal 16:344-353. 1996 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas
[No author name available]. 1996. ReefBase. ReefBase. 1996 Philippines GIS & Maps Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fish; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Aabel, J. P., S. J. Cripps, and G. Kjeilen. 1996. Offshore petroleum installations in the North Sea used as fish aggregating devices - potential and suggestions for preparation, management and monitoring. Pages 295-303 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 1996 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
David, J. A. and R. M. Pitman. 1996. Cyclic-AMP regulation of calcium-dependent K channels in an insect central neurone. Neuroscience Letters 203:151-154. 1996 Special Use Permitting
Gardner, G. 1996. Gribble in the greenheart. New Civil Engineer (NCE) 1171:18-19. 1996 Artificial Habitat; Forestry
O'Riordan, T., A. Jordan, and S. Bragdon. 1996. Institutions for global environmental change. Global Environmental Change 6:177-179. 1996 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Szmant, A. M. and A. Forrester. 1996. Water column and sediment nitrogen and phosphorus distribution patterns in the Florida Keys, USA. Coral Reefs 15:21-41. 1996 Florida Docks & Marinas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Markham, A. 1996. Potential impacts of climate change on ecosystems: A review of implications for policymakers and conservation biologists. Climate Research 6:179-191. 1996 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Wetlands
Hamzah, AM IR, A. AD JI Z Saleh, and SA TY A Budhi Takdir. 1996. Marine management efforts for the Pagerungan gas development. Pages 891-898 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 1996 Indonesia Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Waterborne Discharges
Macdonald, J. C. 1996. The Australian REEFREP system: A coastal vessel traffic information service and ship reporting system for the Torres Strait region and the inner route of the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Navigation 49:299-308. 1996 Australia Infrastructure; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Special Use Permitting
Price, A. R. G. and I. Firaq. 1996. The environmental status of reefs on Maldivian resort islands: A preliminary assessment for tourism planning. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 6:93-106. 1996 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Drake, S. F. 1996. The International Coral Reef Initiative: A strategy for the sustainable management of coral reefs and related ecosystems. Coastal Management 24:279-299. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves
[No author name available]. 1996. Geoindicators: assessing rapid environmental changes in Earth systems. Geoindicators: assessing rapid environmental changes in Earth systems. 1996 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Petrae, Lcdr. G. 1995. Barge Morris J. Berman Spill: NOAA�s Scientific Response. HAZMAT Report No. 95-10. Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle. 1995 Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering; Petroleum Spills
Telesnicki, G. j. and W. M. Goldberg. 1995. Effects of Turbidity on the Photosynthesis and Respiration of Two South Florida Reef Coral Species. Bulletin of Marine Science 57:527-539. 1995 Florida Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Primary Production; Stony Coral
McClanahan, T. R. and D. Obura. 1995. Status of Kenyan coral reefs. Coastal Management 23:57-76. 1995 Kenya Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Ashton, P. H. and B. J. Richardson. 1995. Biological monitoring of the marine ocean outfall at Black Rock, Victoria, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:334-340. 1995 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Sediment
Chen, K. M. 1995. Disappearance of ALS from Guam: Implications for exogenous causes. Pages 1549-1553 in Clinical Neurology. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Guam Deforestation & Devegetation; Drinking Water Supply; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Military; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Hill, G. 1995. Tourism development and environmental limitations at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef: A response. Journal of Environmental Management 45:91-99. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Hotel & Food Services; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Viles, H. and T. Spencer. 1995. Coastal problems: geomorphology, ecology and society at the coast. Coastal problems: geomorphology, ecology and society at the coast. 1995 Global Review Climate; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Peau, LE LE I and MA TT Arnn. 1995. U.S. Pacific Island affiliate involvement in the coral reef initiative: a case study of American Samoa. Pages 324-325 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa
Perez Cynthia, B. and V. Schmidt David. 1995. Can numerical models predict beach fill impacts to nearshore hardgrounds? Pages 525-526 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Florida Model Mitigation; Storms & Hurricanes
Pollnac Richard, B. and W. McManus John. 1995. Human factors in a coral reef database. Pages 100-101 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Natural Gas & Electric Power
McClanahan, T. R. 1995. Fish predators and scavengers of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei in Kenyan coral-reef marine parks. Environmental Biology of Fishes 43:187-193. 1995 Kenya Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Rhodes, MI LT. 1995. Coastal zone management in the Eastern Caribbean: current concerns, components, policies and programs. Pages 195-196 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean Review Economic Markets & Policies; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
[No author name available]. 1995. Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone. in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Storms & Hurricanes
Boon John, D., JE FF RE Y Claassen, and F. Pieters Renaldo. 1995. Environmentally responsive artificial beach design, Curacao, Netherlands antilles. Pages 17-18 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Antilles Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Minneman, SC OT T, ST EV E Harrison, BI LL Janssen, GO RD ON Kurtenbach, TH OM AS Moran, IA N Smith, and BI LL van Melle. 1995. Confederation of tools for capturing and accessing collaborative activity. Pages 523-534 in Proceedings of the ACM International Multimedia Conference & Exhibition. 1995 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Infrastructure
Westmacott, S. and F. R. Rijsberman. 1995. CORAL, coastal management model for the sustainable development of coral reef areas. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 20:245-250. 1995 Model; Index or Indicator
Calumpong Hilconida, P. 1995. Coral reef management training within an integrated coastal zone management framework. Pages 102-103 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Catena John, G. 1995. World prodigy oil spill restoration planning. Pages 92-93 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Petroleum Spills
Causey, BI LL Y. 1995. Florida keys National Marine Sanctuary: a model for ecosystem management and planning. Pages 43-44 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Florida Model Marine Protected Areas
Pritchard, P. H., J. G. Mueller, S. E. Lantz, and D. L. Santavy. 1995. The Potential Importance of Biodiversity in Environmental Biotechnology Applications: Bioremediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils and Sediments. Pages 161-184 in D. Allsopp;D.L. Hawksworth;R.R. Colwell, editor. Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function. CAB Publishers, Oxon, England. 1995 Biotechnology Research & Development; Remediation; Sediment
Pendleton, L. H. 1995. Valuing coral reef protection. Ocean and Coastal Management 26:119-131. 1995 Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Pyburn, B. 1995. Oil spill recovery, little development but hope for the future. Work Boat World 14:30-38. 1995 Australia; South Africa Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills; Remediation
Wells, S. M. 1995. Science and management of coral reefs: problems and prospects. Coral Reefs 14:177-181. 1995 Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
French Jonathan, A. 1995. Gulf of Aqaba: a common cause in the Middle East peace process. Pages 524-527 in [No source information available]. 1995 Middle East Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Hooten, A. J. and M. E. Hatziolos. 1995. Sustainable financing mechanisms for coral reef conservation. Proceedings of a workshop, Washington, DC, June 1995. in Sustainable financing mechanisms for coral reef conservation. Proceedings of a workshop, Washington, DC, June 1995. 1995 Global Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas
Davis, D., V. Harriott, C. Macnamara, L. Roberts, and S. Austin. 1995. Conflicts in a marine protected area: scuba divers, economics, ecology and management in Julian Rocks Aquatic Reserve. Australian Parks & Recreation 31:29-35. 1995 Australia; Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Principe, P. P. 1995. Ecological benefits assessment: a policy-oriented alternative to regional ecological risk assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 1:423-435. 1995 Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management
Kangas, P., M. Shave, and P. Shave. 1995. Economics of an ecotouriasm in Belize. Environmental Management 19:669-673. 1995 South & Central America; Belize Funding & Donations; Tourism & Recreation
Hale Lynne, Z. and YV ES Renard. 1995. Collaborative and community coral reef management. Pages 45-46 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Collaboration & Partnering
Jordan-Dahlgren, ER IC. 1995. Caribbean coastal marine productivity project (CARICOMP). Pages 98-99 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean Collaboration & Partnering
Martin, WI LL and SU SA N Drake. 1995. U.S. contribution to the coral reef initiative. Pages 41-42 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering
McPhail, I. and J. E. Brodie. 1995. Science and management: the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) experience. Pages 82-83 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation
Costello David, K., L. Carder Kendall, F. Chen Robert, G. Peacock Thomas, and N. SA ND Y Nettles. 1995. Multispectral imagery, hyperspectral radiometry, and unmanned underwater vehicles: tools for the assessment of natural resources in coastal waters. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 2501:407-415. 1995 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment
Wiebe William, J. 1995. CARICOMP: a regional research and monitoring program for the Caribbean coastal zone. Pages 508-509 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Breen, M. 1995. New technologies and techniques in underwater science. Underwater Technology 21:43-47. 1995 Mauritius Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Avent, R. M. and R. M. Rogers. 1994. Sensitive Biological Habitats and Resources in the Gulf of Mexico: Environment Issues and Concerns for the Regulation of the Petroleum Industry. Pages 445-453 in Drilling Conference - Proceedings. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Designate Protected Species; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Morton, B. 1994. Hong Kong's coral communities status, threats and management plans. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:74-83. 1994 Review Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Woodroffe, C. D. 1994. Ecology and geomorphology of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 1994 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Climate; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sediment
Kershaw, S. 1994. Classification and geological significance of biostromes. Facies 31:81-91. 1994 Model Construction Codes & Projects; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kelleher, G. 1994. Can the Great Barrier Reef model of protected areas save reefs worldwide? Pages 346-352 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Australia Model Marine Protected Areas
Piot, BE RN AR D, RE MI Ferriere, and BE RN AR D Fraboulet. 1994. Unique experience with foamed cement. Pages 127-142 in European Petroleum Conference - Proceedings. 1994 Europe Lab Study; GIS & Maps Nutrients; Special Use Permitting
Roberts, P. 1994. The application of GPS mapping systems in Central and South America for environmental protection and growth. Geodetical Info Magazine 8:24-27. 1994 South & Central America; Belize; Venezuela; Mexico GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Infrastructure; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics
Gjerde, K. and D. Freestone. 1994. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas - an important environmental concept at a turning-point. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 9:431-578. 1994 Australia Review Educational & Research Opportunities; Marine Protected Areas; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Preu, C. 1994. Background, conceptual structure and organizational-administrative establishing of a sustainable development strategy for coral islands. GeoJournal 33:433-442. 1994
Ohman, M., A. Rajasuriya, and O. Linden. 1994. Three adjacent coral reefs in north-western Sri Lanka; biology and human disturbances. Pages 404-409 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Sri Lanka Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation
Pendleton, L. H. 1994. Environmental quality and recreation demand in a Caribbean coral reef. Coastal Management 22:399-404. 1994 South & Central America; Cuba; Honduras; Caribbean Model Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Puotinen, M. L. 1994. Designing effective baseline monitoring programs for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland, Australia. Coastal Management 22:391-398. 1994 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Marine Protected Areas
White, A. T., L. Z. Hale, Y. Renard, and L. Cortesi. 1994. Collaborative and community-based management of coral reefs: lessons from experience. Collaborative and community-based management of coral reefs: lessons from experience. 1994 South & Central America; Florida; Thailand; Indonesia; Philippines; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Christie, P., A. T. White, and D. Buhat. 1994. Community-based coral reef management on San Salvador Island, the Philippines. Society & Natural Resources 7:103-117. 1994 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
McIvor, C. C., J. A. Ley, and R. D. Bjork. 1994. Changes in freshwater inflow from the Everglades to Florida Bay including effects on biota and biotic processes: A review. Pages 117-146 in S.M. Davis;J.C. Ogden, editor. Evergaldes: The Ecosystem and its Restoration. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Florida. 1994 Florida Review
Brock, R. E. 1994. Beyond fisheries enhancement: artificial reefs and ecotourism. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1181-1188. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Moore William, H. 1994. Grounding of exxon valdez: an examination of the human and organizational factors. Marine Technology 31:41-51. 1994 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Hutchings, P., C. Payri, and C. Gabrie. 1994. The current status of coral reef management in French Polynesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:26-33. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review Agriculture; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Non-point Source Runoff; Tourism & Recreation
Gren, I.-M., C. Folke, K. Turner, and I. Batemen. 1994. Primary and secondary values of wetland ecosystems. Environmental and Resource Economics 4:55-74. 1994 Monetary Valuation; Valuation; Wetlands
Hunter, C. L. and C. W. Evans. 1994. Reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: two centuries of western influence and two decades of data. Pages 339-345 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rinkevich, B., U. Frank, D. Gateno, and C. Rabinowitz. 1994. The establishment of various cell lines from colonial marine invertebrates. Pages 253-264 in W.E.G. Muller, editor. Use of aquatic invertebrates as tools for monitoring environmental hazards. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, Germany. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates
Ingram, G. B. 1994. Institutional obstacles to conservation: Fergusson Island, Papua New Guinea. Pacific Affairs 67:26-45. 1994 Papua New Guinea Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
[No author name available]. 1994. Editorial. Pacific AIDS alert bulletin / South Pacific Commission 9:2. 1994 Fiji; Guam
Gomez, E. D., P. M. Alino, H. T. Yap, and W. Y. Licuanan. 1994. A review of the status of Philippine reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:62-68. 1994 Review; Index or Indicator Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Pitt, R. and R. Creel. 1994. Evaluating Detention Pond Performance with Computer Modeling Verification. 1994 Model Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes
Santavy, D. L. 1994. An Environmental Assessment of Microbial Community Responses to a Compromised Host. in Proceedings of the 5th Investigators' Meeting for EPA's Environmental Releases of Biotechnology Products Risk Assessment Program. Duluth, Minn. 1994 Biotechnology Research & Development
Murray, J. D. 1994. A policy and management assessment of US artificial reef programs. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:960-969. 1994 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat
Tunstall, B. R. 1994. Technical Memorandum - CSIRO, Australia, Division of Water Resources. 1994 Australia Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Military
Basiago, A. D. 1994. Sustainable development in tropical forest ecosystems. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 1:34-40. 1994 South & Central America; Thailand; Papua New Guinea; Mexico Model Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Forestry
Gabrie, C., S. Planes, J. Baldwin, J. Bonvallot, C. Chauvet, Y. Vernaudon, C. Payri, and R. Galzin. 1994. Study of the coral reefs of Bora-Bora (society archipelago, French Polynesia) for the development of a conservation and management plan. Ocean and Coastal Management 25:189-216. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Sebens K.P. 1994. Biodiversity of coral reefs: what are we losing and why? American Zoologist 34:115-133. 1994 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Avsar, N., D. Basso, S. Spezzaferri, H. Koral, and V. Yanko. 1994. Cruise AVI-II 93: Preliminary data from the Iskenderun Bay (Turkey) [Crociera AVI-II 93: Dati preliminari dalla Baia di Iskenderun (Turchia)]. Rendiconti Lincei 5:233-245. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Omar, R. M. N. R. 1994. Design and construction of artificial reefs in Malaysia. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1050-1061. 1994 Malaysia Artificial Habitat; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Thomas, P. M. E. 1994. Everglades nutrient removal project. Pages 27-Nov in Proc. conference on explosives and blasting technique, Austin Texas, 1994. 1994 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Marion, J. L. and C. S. Rogers. 1994. The applicability of terrestrial visitor impact management strategies to the protection of coral reefs. Ocean and Coastal Management 22:153-163. 1994 US Virgin Islands Review Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Larkum, A. W. D. and A. D. L. Steven. 1994. ENCORE: The Effect of Nutrient Enrichment on Coral Reefs. 1. Experimental design and research programme. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:112-120. 1994 Australia Index or Indicator Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients
Foster, K. L., F. W. Steimle, W. C. Muir, R. K. Kropp, and B. E. Conlin. 1994. Mitigation potential of habitat replacement: concrete artificial reef in Delaware Bay - preliminary results. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:783-795. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mitigation
Macdonald, J. M. 1994. Artificial reef debate: habitat enhancement or waste disposal? Ocean Development and International Law 25:87-118. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Gaillard, C., P. Bernier, and Y. Gruet. 1994. Aldabra Lagoon (Seychelles, Indian Ocean). A model to interpret the Cerin paleoenvironment (Upper Kimmeridgian, Southern Jura Mountains, France) [Le lagon d'Aldabra (Seychelles, Ocean indien), un modele pour le paleoenvironnement de Cerin (Kimmeridgie. Geobios 27:331-348. 1994 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India; France Model Sediment
Prove, B. G., T. J. McShane, J. R. Reghenzani, J. D. Armour, S. Sen, and P. W. Moody. 1994. Nutrient loss via drainage from the major agricultural industries on the wet tropical coast of Queensland. in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1994 Australia Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Maragos, J. E. 1994. Description of reefs and corals for the 1988 protected area survey of the northern Marshall Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 1994 Marshall Islands Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Coffen-Smout, S. 1994. Perspectives on ocean management in Niue. Pages 227-255 Ocean yearbook. Vol. 11. 1994 Niue Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Cocks, K. D. and B. H. Walker. 1994. Contribution of \sustainability' criteria to social perceptions of land use options". Land Degradation & Rehabilitation 5:143-151. 1994 Australia Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning
Salm, R. V. 1993. Coral reefs of the Sultanate of Oman. Atoll Research Bulletin 1993 Oman
Wolanski, E. 1993. Facts and numerical artefacts in modelling the dispersal of crown-of- thorns starfish larvae in the Great Barrier Reef. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:427-436. 1993 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas; Seastars
Alder, J. 1993. Permits, an evolving tool for the day-to-day management of the Cairns Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Coastal Management 21:25-36. 1993 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Jones, G. W. 1993. Population, environment and sustainable development in Indonesia. Majalah Demografi Indonesia 20:20-Jan. 1993 Java; Indonesia Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation
Boehlert, G. W. 1993. Fisheries of Hawaii and US-associated Pacific islands. Marine Fisheries Review 55. 1993 US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa; Guam Designate Protected Species; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Green, R. H. 1993. Application of repeated measures designs in environmental impact and monitoring studies. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:81-98. 1993 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills
Suter II, G. W. 1993. A critique of ecosystem health concepts and indexes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12:1553-1539. 1993 Index or Indicator Biocriteria
Walters, C. J. 1993. Dynamic models and large scale field experiments in environmental impact assessment and management. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:53-61. 1993 Florida; Australia; Columbia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Matthews, W. S., A. E. van Wyk, and G. J. Bredenkamp. 1993. Endemic flora of the north-eastern Transvaal Escarpment, South Africa. Biological Conservation 63:83-94. 1993 South Africa Forestry; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Substrate
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. 1993 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Docks & Marinas; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Hale, L. Z. and S. B. Olsen. 1993. Coral reef management in Thailand. A step toward integrated coastal management. Oceanus 36:27-34. 1993 Thailand
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastal Zone'93. Pages 2415-3512 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastlines of Japan II. in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Japan Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Housing; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Polunin, N. V. C. and C. M. Roberts. 1993. Greater biomass and value of target coral-reef fishes in two small Caribbean marine reserves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 100:167-176. 1993 South & Central America; Antilles; Belize; Caribbean GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Freiwald, A. 1993. Coralline algal maerl frameworks-Islands within the phaeophytic kelp belt. Facies 29:133-148. 1993 Global; Norway Algae; Coralline Algae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Priced, A. R. G. 1993. The Gulf: Human impacts and management initiatives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:17-27. 1993 Global; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal
Robert Pitt and K. Dunkers. 1993. Lake Water Quality Improvements from Treatment of Stormwater Using the Flow Balancing Method, 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. Anaheim, CA. October 1993.; Detecting Water Quality Trends from Stormwater Discharge Reductions, Engineerin. in 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. 1993 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level
Leinfelder, R. and H. Seyfried. 1993. Sea level change: a philosophical approach. Geologische Rundschau 82:159-172. 1993 Global Model Climate; CO2; Coal Mining; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Special Use Permitting; Water Depth & Sea Level
Prins, H. H. T. and J. Wind. 1993. Research for nature conservation in south-east Asia. Biological Conservation 63:43-46. 1993 Indonesia Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Wetlands
Caddy, J. F. 1993. Background concepts for a rotating harvesting strategy with particular reference to the Mediterranean red coral, Corallium rubrum. Marine Fisheries Review 55:18-Oct. 1993 Model Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Gabric, A. J. and P. R. F. Bell. 1993. Review of the effects of non-point nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:261-283. 1993 Review Discharges; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Remediation; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Muir, F. and G. Chester. 1993. Managing tourism to a seabird nesting island. Tourism Management 14:99-105. 1993 Australia Review Marine Birds; Tourism & Recreation
[No author name available]. 1993. 11th Australasian Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Pages 429-726 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bode, LA NC E, LU CI AN O Mason, and TH OM AS Hardy. 1993. Application of numerical modelling to the prediction of dredge plume movement. Pages 379-384 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Model Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Senowbari-Daryan, B., R. Zuhlke, T. Bechstadt, and E. Flugel. 1993. Anisian (middle triassic) buildups of the Northern Dolomites (Italy): The recovery of reef communities after the permian/triassic crisis. Facies 28:181-256. 1993 Global; China; Europe Model Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes
Pope, D. L., T. F. Moslow, and J. B. Wagner. 1993. Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf. Ocean and Coastal Management 20:121-145. 1993 GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pipelines; Sediment
Chavez, ER NE ST O and JO HN Tunnell. 1993. Needs for management and conservation of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 2040-2053 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 South & Central America; Mexico Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Thomas, J. D. 1993. Biological monitoring and tropical biodiversity in marine environments: a critique with recommendations, and comments on the use of amphipods as bioindicators. Journal of Natural History 27:795-806. 1993 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Watanabe, F., K. Nakamura, L. Samarakoon, Y. Mabuchi, and A. Ishibashi. 1993. Procedure for estimating and monitoring red soil spread on coral reefs of Okinawa using multitemporal Landsat TM data. Pages 696-699 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 1993 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Pankhurst, N. W. and C. W. Barnett. 1993. Relationship of population density, territorial interaction and plasma levels of gonadal steroids in spawning male demoiselles Chromis dispilus (pisces: pomacentridae). General and Comparative Endocrinology 90:168-176. 1993 Cuba Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Harriott, V. J. 1993. Coral lipids and environmental stress. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 25:131-139. 1993 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Rasmussen, C. F. 1993. Development in a coastal zone. The Magnetic Quay development - Magnetic Island. Pages 537-543 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Docks & Marinas; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Reichelt, A. J. and G. B. Jones. 1993. Characterization and fate of suspended sediments associated with dredging activities in Cleveland Bay. Pages 385-390 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Ridd, P. V., P. Larcombe, and S. Spagnol. 1993. Self-logging suspended sediment and bed-level instrumentation. Pages 705-706 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Sediment
Nakayama, AK IY OS HI, NO BU YU KI Horikosi, and HI RO SH I Kobayashi. 1993. Planning and design of multipurpose artificial barrier reefs. Pages 183-197 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Japan Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dean, R. G., T. R. Healy, and A. P. Dommerholt. 1993. A \blind-folded\" test of equilibrium beach profile concepts with New Zealand data". Marine Geology 109:253-266. 1993 Review Mining Policies; Sediment
Yoshioka, KA ZU NO RI, TA KA SH I Kawakami, TA NA KA Shigenobu, MA MO RU Koarai, and TA KA AK I Uda. 1993. Design manual for artificial reefs. Pages 93-107 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Japan Model Artificial Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Baker, D. J. 1993. Sustainable development and NOAA's special role in meeting national goals. Marine Technology Society Journal 27:49-54. 1993 Fishing Sector; Waterborne Discharges; Whales & Dolphins
Arakel, A. V., T. Loder, D. McConchie, and C. Pailles. 1993. Environmental consequences of land degradation in coastal drainage basins of north Queensland, Australia: influence of farming practices. Land Degradation & Rehabilitation 4:99-112. 1993 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jelinski, L. W., T. E. Graedel, R. A. Laudise, D. W. McCall, and J. K. N. Patel. 1992. Industrial ecology: Concepts and approaches. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89:793-797. 1992 Corporate Responses
Spadoni Richard, H. 1992. Monitoring of the 1988 Boca Raton beach nourishment project. Pages 120-136 in [No source information available]. 1992 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mitigation; Special Use Permitting
Krol, A., M. Noordink, J. Jell, and D. Chen. 1992. Heron island groundwater project. Pages 181-185 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1992 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Yap, H. T., P. M. Alino, and E. D. Gomez. 1992. Trends in growth and mortality of three coral species (Anthozoa: Scleractinia), including effects of transplantation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 83:91-101. 1992 Philippines Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Gittings, S. 1992. Historica data on Gulf of Mexico reef shows compatibility with drilling, production. OFFSHORE, INCORPORATING THE OILMAN 52:33-34+36. 1992 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
McConchie, D. and V. J. Harriott. 1992. The partitioning of metals between tissue and skeletal parts of corals: application in pollution monitoring. Pages 97-103 in Proceedings of the Seventh International Coral Reef Symposium. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring Docks & Marinas; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Hawkins, J. P. and C. M. Roberts. 1992. Effects of recreational SCUBA diving on fore-reef slope communities of coral reefs. Biological Conservation 62:171-178. 1992 Cuba; Egypt Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Glenn, E. P. and M. S. Doty. 1992. Water motion affects the growth rates of Kappaphycus alvarezii and related red seaweeds. Aquaculture 108:233-246. 1992 Special Use Permitting
Frosch, R. A. 1992. Industrial ecology: A philosophical introduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89:800-803. 1992 Corporate Responses
Michalek Jeffrey, L., W. Wagner Thomas, J. Luczkovich Joseph, and W. Stoffle Richard. 1992. Multispectral change vector analysis for monitoring coastal marine environments. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:635-641. 1992 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Martindale, W. 1992. Calcified epibionts as palaeoecological tools: examples from the Recent and Pleistocene reefs of Barbados. Coral Reefs 11:167-177. 1992 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Carpenter, E. J., D. G. Capone, and J. G. Rueter. 1992. Marine pelagic cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and other diazotrophs. Marine pelagic cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and other diazotrophs. 1992 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Thailand; Caribbean; Germany Remote Sensing Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting
NOAA. 1992. Oil spill case histories 1967-1991: summaries of significant U.S. and international spills. Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, Seattle, Washington. 1992 Coastal Defense; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Petroleum Spills
Dasinger, AN DR EW and DO NA LD Galya. 1992. Application for a mixing zone authorization for the ocean discharge of once-through cooling water in Puerto Rico. Pages 605-610 in National Conference on Environmental Engineering. 1992 Puerto Rico Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Special Use Permitting
Pitcher, C. R., T. D. Skewes, D. M. Dennis, and J. H. Prescott. 1992. Estimation of the abundance of the tropical lobster Panulirus ornatus in Torres Strait, using visual transect-survey methods. Marine Biology 113:57-64. 1992 GIS & Maps Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Jaccarini, V. and E. Martens. 1992. The ecology of mangrove and related ecosystems. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Mombasa, Kenya, September 1990. Hydrobiologia 247. 1992 Kenya Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Boc Jr. Stanley, J., J. Reynold William, and M. Dobinchick Jasmina. 1992. Coastal processes and engineering on a micronesian fringing reef. Pages 285-302 in [No source information available]. 1992 Micronesia Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation; Mitigation; Sediment
Uthoff, D. 1992. Tourism and coastal change on Phuket, southern Thailand [Tourismus und Kustenveranderung auf Phuket/Sudthailand]. Erdkundliches Wissen 105:237-249. 1992 Thailand; Malaysia Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Fritzinger Scott, A. 1992. Subaqueous disposal area development and mitigation. Pages 728-744 in [No source information available]. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mitigation; Wetlands
Stoffle Richard, W., B. Halmo David, W. Wagner Thomas, J. Luczkovich Joseph, and RA YM ON D Laurin. 1992. Monitoring coastal impacts of global warming: A Dominican Republic case study. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:845-853. 1992 Global; Dominican Republic Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Uno, S. 1992. Importance of chlorophyll as an indicator of environmental monitoring in coastal area. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:567-574. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Plankton
Uno, S. and K. Gotoh. 1992. Some examples of environmental monitoring in coastal area by remote sensing techniques. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:835-841. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment
van Genderen, J. L., R. A. van Zuidam, and S. GO NZ AL ES Fager. 1992. Environmental information systems for coastal zone management in developing countries. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:647-656. 1992 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Bostater, CH AR LE S. 1992. Remote sensing methods using aircraft and ships for estimating optimal bands & coefficients related to ecosystem responses. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:1051-1062. 1992 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Armstrong, P. H. 1992. Human impacts on Australia's Indian Ocean tropical island ecosystems: A review. The Environmentalist 12:191-206. 1992 Australia; Indian Ocean; India Review Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Lewis, R. J. 1992. Socioeconomic impacts and management ciguatera in the Pacific. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) 85:427-434. 1992 US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Samoa; Tuvalu; American Samoa Fish; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Edwards, A. J. and A. D. Shepherd. 1992. Environmental implications of aquarium-fish collection in the Maldives, with proposals for regulation. Environmental Conservation 19:61-72. 1992 Maldives Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Special Use Permitting
Hardy, J. T., F. E. Hoge, J. K. Yungel, and R. E. Dodge. 1992. Remote detection of coral \bleaching' using pulsed-laser fluorescence spectroscopy". Marine Ecology Progress Series 88:247-255. 1992 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Gravens, M. 1992. User's guide to the shoreline modeling system (SMS). CERC-92-1, Coastal Entineering Researcch Center, Department of the Army, Vicksburg,(Mississippi, USA). 1992 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Engineering; Sediment
Fabbri, P. 1992. Ocean management in global change. Ocean management in global change. 1992 Global; Southeast Asia; China Collaboration & Partnering
Bacon, P. R. and G. P. Alleng. 1992. The management of Insular Caribbean mangroves in relation to site location and community type. Hydrobiologia 247:235-241. 1992 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Antilles; Jamaica; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Caribbean Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal
Ausubel, J. H. 1992. Industrial ecology: Reflections on a colloquium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89:879-884. 1992 Corporate Responses
Cardwell, J. R. and N. R. Liley. 1991. Androgen control of social status in males of a wild population of stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride (Scaridae). Hormones and Behavior 25:18-Jan. 1991 South & Central America; Belize Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Barry, J. H. 1991. Problems in characterization of sand deposits in a carbonate reef environment. Page 1479 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Adey, W. H. and K. Loveland. 1991. Dynamic aquaria: building living ecosystems. Dynamic aquaria: building living ecosystems. 1991 Australia Model Domestic Animal Waste; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Wetlands
Lulla, K. P. 1991. Earth observations during Space Shuttle flight STS-35: Columbia's mission to planet Earth, December 2-10, 1990. Geocarto International 6:71-80. 1991 Columbia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Pintukanok, AM PA N. 1991. Coastal zone management, national implementable plan and policy development. A case study of Phuket Island. Pages 1674-1684 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Thailand Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Liddle, M. J. 1991. Recreation ecology: Effects of trampling on plants and corals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6:13-17. 1991 Review Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Branan William, V., ZE IT LI N Hale Lynne, and KA SE M Srinian. 1991. What future for Phuket? Pages 1713-1719 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Thailand Resource Use Management; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Galli, G. 1991. Mangrove-generated structures and depositional model of the pleistocene fort thompson formation (Florida plateau). Facies 25:297-314. 1991 Florida Model Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kenchington, R. 1991. Tourism development in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Shoreline Management 15:57-78. 1991 Australia Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Meganck, R. A. 1991. Coastal parks as development catalysts: A caribbean example. Ocean and Shoreline Management 15:25-36. 1991 South & Central America; Caribbean Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade
Lee-Shing, FA NG, CH EN Yan-Wan, and CH EN Chji-Shiarng. 1991. Feasibility of using ATP as an index for environmental stress on hermatypic coral. Marine Ecology Progress Series 70:257-262. 1991 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral
Bunpapong, SI RI KU L and SO MP ON G Ausavajitanond. 1991. Saving what's left of tourism development at Patong beach, Phuket, Thailand. Pages 1685-1697 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Thailand Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Chou, L. M. 1991. Reef conservation project involving sport divers in Singapore. Pages 1990-1994 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism
Merlin, M. D. 1991. Woody vegetation on the raised coral limestone of Mangaia, southern Cook Islands. Pacific Science 45:131-151. 1991 Tonga; Cook Islands
Al-Madany, I. M., M. A. Abdalla, and A. S. E. Abdu. 1991. Coastal zone management in Bahrain: An analysis of social, economic and environmental impacts of dredging and reclamation. Journal of Environmental Management 32:335-348. 1991 Bahrain Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sullivan, P. K. and V. Dayananda. 1991. Engineering management considerations in coastal development. Page 1430 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients
Tiffin, D. L. 1991. Marine mineral development activities within the SOPAC region. Page 1474 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Monetary Valuation
LeProvost, M. I. and D. M. Gordon. 1991. Oilfield development and protection of natural resources within the tropical marine environment of the Rowley Shelf, Northwest Australia. Pages 527-540 in SPE Asia Pacific Conference. 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills
Principe, P. P. 1991. Valuing diversity of medicinal plants. Pages 79-124 in V. Heywood, O. Akerele, and H. Synge, editors. Conservation of medicinal plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain. 1991 Valuation
Guzman, H. M. 1991. Restoration of coral reefs in Pacific Costa Rica. Conservation Biology 5:189-195. 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica Stony Coral
White, A. T. and V. P. Palaganas. 1991. Philippine Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park: Status, management issues, and proposed plan. Environmental Conservation 18. 1991 Marine Protected Areas
Ahmed, F. E. 1991. Naturally occurring seafood toxins. Journal of Toxicology - Toxin Reviews 10:263-287. 1991 Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Pomar, L. 1991. Reef geometries, erosion surfaces and high-frequency sea-level changes, upper Miocene Reef Complex, Mallorca, Spain. Sedimentology 38:243-269. 1991 Spain Construction Codes & Projects
Hanna Rifaat, G. M. 1991. Available data for management of the Egyptian Red Sea coastal areas. Pages 3433-3445 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Egypt Mangroves; Mining Policies; Petroleum Spills
Lawrence, D. and I. J. Dight. 1991. Torres Strait Baseline Study. Environmental protection of a tropical marine environment in northern Australia. Pages 1125-1139 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Australia; Papua New Guinea Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hawker, D. W., and D. W. Connell. 1991. Standards and criteria for pollution control in coral reef areas. Pages 169-188 Pollution in Tropical Aquatic Systems. CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 1991 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment
Lemay Michele, H., SO MP ON G Ausavajitanon, and ZE IT LI N Hale Lynne. 1991. National Coral Reef Management Strategy for Thailand. Pages 1698-1712 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Thailand Review Corporate Responses; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Ports & Harbors
Albert, AL AN and CA MP BE LL Grummitt. 1991. Day visitor pontoon Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Pages 2852-2865 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1991 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Coastal Engineering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas
Palaganas Virgilio, P. 1991. Anchor damage on the coral reef of Sombrero, Island, Batangas, Philippines. Pages 3318-3329 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Philippines Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Tourism & Recreation
White Alan, T. and NE LS ON Lopez. 1991. Coastal resources management planning and implementation for the Fishery Sector Program of the Philippines. Pages 762-775 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Cultural Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Rountree, R. A. 1990. Community structure of fishes attracted to shallow water fish aggregation devices off South Carolina, U.S.A. Environmental Biology of Fishes 29:241-262. 1990 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Fish; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Smith, A. B. and N. T. J. Hollingworth. 1990. Tooth structure and phylogeny of the Upper Permian echinoid Miocidaris keyserlingi. Pages 47-60 in Proceedings - Yorkshire Geological Society. 1990 Construction Codes & Projects
Rapaport, M. 1990. Population pressure on coral atolls: trends and approaching limits. Atoll Research Bulletin 1990 Model Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Woolhiser, D. A., R. E. Smith, and D. C. Goodrich. 1990. KINEROS, A kinematic runoff and erosion model: Documentation and user manual. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS-77. 1990 Model Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Ghamrong-navasawat, TH ON. 1990. Preliminary survey on coral reefs and seagrass communities by remote sensing in the Gulf of Thailand. Pages 563-572 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 1990 Thailand Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Harland, A. D. and N. R. Nganro. 1990. Copper uptake by the sea anemone Anemonia viridis and the role of zooxanthellae in metal regulation. Marine Biology 104:297-301. 1990 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
De Vel, O. Y. and W. Bour. 1990. The structural and thematic mapping of coral reefs using high resolution SPOT data: application to the Tetembia Reef (New Caledonia). Geocarto International 5:27-34. 1990 New Caledonia GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Viles, H. A. 1990. Coastal geomorphology into the 1990s. Progress in Physical Geography 14:238-250. 1990 Global Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Kelleher, G. 1990. Floating hotels on the Great Barrier Reef. Pages 149-154 in Coastal ocean space utilization. Proc. international symposium, New York, 1989. 1990 Australia Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies
Berwick, N. L. 1990. Guidelines for the analysis of biophysical impacts to tropical coastal marine resources. Pages Sep-62 in Conservation in developing countries. Proc. centenary seminar, Bombay Natural History Society. 1990 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Ebeling, A. W., S. J. Holbrook, and R. J. Schmitt. 1990. Temporally concordant structure of a fish assemblage: bound or determined? American Naturalist 135:63-73. 1990 Model Fish; Special Use Permitting
Huber Jr., R. M. and R. Meganck. 1990. The management challenge of Grand Anse Beach erosion, Grenada, West Indies. Ocean and Shoreline Management 13:99-109. 1990 Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Caddy, J. F. and C. Stamatopoulos. 1990. Mapping growth and mortality rates of crevice-dwelling organisms onto a perforated surface: The relevance of 'cover' to the carrying capacity of natural and artificial habitats. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 31:87-106. 1990 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
Darnell, R. M. 1990. Mapping of the biological resources of the continental shelf. American Zoologist 30:15-21. 1990 South & Central America; Mexico GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dight, I. J., L. Bode, and M. K. James. 1990. Modelling the larval dispersal of Acanthaster planci - I. Large scale hydrodynamics, Cairns Section, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Coral Reefs 9:115-123. 1990 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas; Seastars
Dight, I. J., M. K. James, and L. Bode. 1990. Modelling the larval dispersal of Acanthaster planci - II. Patterns of reef connectivity. Coral Reefs 9:125-134. 1990 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas; Seastars
Hatcher, A. I., G. D. Wright, and B. G. Hatcher. 1990. Resolving the conflict between conservation values and extractive use of the Abrolhos coral reefs. Pages 55-70 in Australian ecosystems. Proc. symposium, Geraldton, W.A., 1988. 1990 Australia; Indian Ocean; India GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Permitting & Zoning
Ramsay, P. J. and T. R. Mason. 1990. Development of a type zoning model for Zululand coral reefs, Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Journal of Coastal Research 6:829-852. 1990 South Africa Model Landuse Management; Octocoral; Permitting & Zoning
Dixon, J. A. and P. B. Sherman. 1990. Economics of protected areas: a new look at benefits and costs. Island Press, Washington DC. 1990 Fishing Sector
Braga, J. C., J. M. Martin, and B. Alcala. 1990. Coral reefs in coarse-terrigenous sedimentary environments (Upper Tortonian, Granada Basin, southern Spain). Sedimentary Geology 66:135-150. 1990 Spain GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Alcala, A. C. and G. R. Russ. 1990. A direct test of the effects of protective management on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources. Journal du Conseil - Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 47:40-47. 1990 Philippines Finfish Harvest
Simpson, T. E. 1989. Floating hotels in the coastal environment. in [No source information available]. 1989 Australia Review Hotel & Food Services; Mitigation; Tourism & Recreation
Hulsman, K., N. P. E. Langham, and D. Bluhdorn. 1989. Factors affecting the diet of crested terns, Sterna bergii. Australian Wildlife Research 16:475-489. 1989 Australia Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Hill, G. and J. Rosier. 1989. Wedgetailed shearwaters, white capped noddies and tourist development on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Journal of Environmental Management 29:107-114. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Rappa Peter, J. and J. Miller Bruce. 1989. Coastal resource management planning in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. Pages 2147-2160 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Mitigation; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance
Seaman Jr, W., R. M. Buckley, and J. J. Polovina. 1989. Advances in knowledge and priorities for research, technology and management related to artificial aquatic habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:527-532. 1989 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector
Baldwin, C. L. 1989. Water quality and management in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Water Science and Technology 21:267-272. 1989 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Demartini, E. E., D. A. Roberts, and T. W. Anderson. 1989. Contrasting patterns of fish density and abundance at an artificial rock reef and a cobble-bottom kelp forest. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:881-892. 1989 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Light; Mitigation
Davis, G. E. and J. W. Dodrill. 1989. Recreational fishery and population dynamics of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, 1977-1980. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:78-88. 1989 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Hinrichsen, D. 1989. Coping with pollution in Indonesia. Earthwatch 35:8-Jun. 1989 Indonesia Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Wastewater Discharge
Preu, C. 1989. Problems of recent morphodynamics of the Sri Lankan coast [Zur problematik der rezenten morphodynamik an den kusten Sri Lankas]. Erdkundliches Wissen 97:23-42. 1989 Sri Lanka Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Bockstael, N. E., K. E. McConnell, and I. E. Strand. 1989. A aandom utility model for sportfishing: some preliminary results for florida. Marine Resource Economics 6:245-260. 1989 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Finfish Harvest; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing
McKenna, PE TE R. 1989. Application of estimation error studies for decision-making regarding sampling patterns on a South African gold mine. Pages 304-318 in Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry. 1989 South Africa Model Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Stadter, T. 1989. Microfacies, tectonics and diagenesis of the wulfrath limestone deposit (Devonian, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) [Mikrofazies, Strukturverhaltnisse und Diagenese der Wulfrather Kalksteinlagerstatte (Devon, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge)]. Facies 21:57-97. 1989 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment
Pelissonnier, H. 1989. Review of metallogenic concepts and models of lead-zinc deposits in carbonate sedimentary environments [Historique des concepts et modeles metallogeniques pour les gites de plomb-zinc en milieu sedimentaire carbonate. Apport du present colloque]. Chronique de la Recherche Miniere 495:37-45. 1989 Europe Review; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Woodley, S. 1989. Management of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Water Science and Technology 21:31-38. 1989 Australia Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Kalajian Edward, K. 1989. SOAR (Stabilized Oil Ash Reef) performance: An ocean alternative to landfills. Pages 1102-1115 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Solid Waste Disposal; Substrate
Hill, G. J. E. and A. Barnes. 1989. Census and distribution of wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificus burrows on Heron Island, November 1985. Emu 89:135-139. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii Hotel & Food Services
Costanza, R., S. C. Farber, and J. Maxwell. 1989. Valuation and management of wetland ecosystems. Ecological Economics 1:335-361. 1989 Valuation; Wetlands
Lindeman Kenyon, C. 1989. Shoreline habitat use, cross-shelf distributions and nursery area evaluation of newly-settled coastal fishes of southeast Florida. Page 996 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton; Sediment; Valuation
McManus John, W. 1989. Earth observing system and coral reef fisheries. Pages 4936-4949 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Shoreline Protection
McManus Liana, TA LA UE. 1989. Coralline resources of Lingayen Gulf, Philippines: a proposal for their management. Pages 3098-3107 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Smith III, T. J., J. H. Hudson, M. B. Robblee, G. V. N. Powell, and P. J. Isdale. 1989. Freshwater flow from the Everglades to Florida Bay: a historical reconstruction based on fluorescent banding in the coral Solenastrea bournoni. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:274-282. 1989 Florida Model Apex Fish Predators; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sheehy Daniel, J. and F. Vik Susan. 1989. Extending mitigation banking beyond wetlands. Pages 1242-1253 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Wetlands
Hopley, D., K. E. Parnell, and P. J. Isdale. 1989. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: dimensions and regional patterns. Australian Geographical Studies 27:47-66. 1989 Australia GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas
Woodley Jeremy, D. and R. Clark John. 1989. Rehabilitation of degraded coral reefs. Pages 3059-3075 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Review Algae; Aquaculture; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation
Gyuris, E. and C. J. Limpus. 1988. The loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, in Queensland: population breeding structure. Australian Wildlife Research 15:197-209. 1988 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles
Main, M. B. and W. G. Nelson. 1988. Tolerance of the sabellariid polychaete Phragmatopoma lapidosa Kinberg to burial, turbidity and hydrogen sulfide. Marine Environmental Research 26:39-55. 1988 Lab Study Marine Worms; Sediment
Sheehy Daniel, J. and F. Vik Susan. 1988. Mitigation planning for port development. Pages 1470-1475 in [No source information available]. 1988 Mitigation
Clark, D., T. J. Fredette, and U. S. Army Engr. Dist. Mobile. 1988. Creation of offshore topographic features with dredged material. ENVIRON. EFFECTS DREDGING. 1988 South & Central America; Mexico; England Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Thomas, W. J. 1988. Fagatele Bay: a sanctuary in Samoa. Oceanus 31:18-24. 1988 US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Seastars
Perez-Rosas, N. and T. C. Hazen. 1988. In situ survival of vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli in tropical coral reefs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54:9-Jan. 1988 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sediment
Parnell, K. E. 1988. Physical process studies in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Progress in Physical Geography 12:209-237. 1988 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Oberts, G; Osgood, R. 1988. The effectiveness of a detention/wetland treatment system and its effect on an urban lake., 8. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LAKE AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT., 1988., p. 29. 1988 Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Choat, J. H., A. M. Ayling, and D. R. Schiel. 1988. Temporal and spatial variation in an island fish fauna. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 121:91-111. 1988 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sea Temperatures; Storms & Hurricanes
Sale, P. F. and D. J. Ferrell. 1988. Early survivorship of juvenile coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs 7:117-124. 1988 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Blendinger, W. 1988. Permian to jurassic deep water sediments of the eastern Oman Mountains: Their significance for the evolution of the Arabian margin of the South Tethys. Facies 19:31-Jan. 1988 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Oman Sediment; Substrate
Mapstone, B. D. and A. J. Fowler. 1988. Recruitment and the structure of assemblages of fish on coral reefs. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 3:72-77. 1988 Review Fish; Special Use Permitting
Gutherz, E. J. and G. J. Pellegrin. 1988. Estimate of the catch of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, by shrimp trawlers in the US Gulf of Mexico. Marine Fisheries Review 50:17-25. 1988 South & Central America; Mexico Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Thornton, W. L. and J. C. Quigel. 1988. Case history for rigs to reefs: a cost-effective alternative for platform abandonment. Pages 543-552 in IN: OTC '88 PROC. TWENTIETH ANNUAL OFFSHORE TECHNOL. CONF., (HOUSTON, U.S.A.: MAY 2-5, 1988). 1988 Special Use Permitting
Courboules, J., R. Maniere, and C. Bouchon. 1988. Geocoded information system and high-resolution remote sensing. Application to the Jordanian coast [Systemes d'informations geocodees et teledetection a haute resolution. Exemple d'application aux cotes jordaniennes]. Oceanologica Acta 11:337-351. 1988 Saudi Arabia Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Landuse Management
[No author name available]. 1988. Refuse-to-reefs: old platforms process drilling wastes, garbage. Offshore 49. 1988 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Special Use Permitting
Myers, N. 1988. Environmental degradation and some economic consequences in the Philippines. Environmental Conservation 15:205-214. 1988 Global; Philippines Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector
D'Elia Christopher, F. and R. Taylor Phillip. 1988. Disturbances in coral reefs: Lessons from diadema mass mortality and coral bleaching. Pages 803-807 in [No source information available]. 1988 Environmental Education & Outreach; Sea Urchins
Mankiewicz, C. 1988. Occurrence and paleocologic significance of Halimeda in late Miocene reefs, southeastern Spain. Coral Reefs 6:271-279. 1988 Spain GIS & Maps Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Kozlowski, J., J. Rosier, and G. Hill. 1988. Ultimate Environmental Threshold (UET) method in a marine environment (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia). Landscape and Urban Planning 15:327-336. 1988 Australia Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
McCallum, H. I. 1987. Predator regulation of Acanthaster planci. Journal of Theoretical Biology 127:207-220. 1987 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model Seastars; Special Use Permitting
Uthoff, D. 1987. Man-induced coastal disturbance on the 'dream beachs' of Sri Lanka: causes and consequences [Anthropogen induzierte Kustenzerstorung an den 'Traumstranden' Sri Lankas: Ursachen und Folgen]. Berliner Geographische Studien 25:403-419. 1987 Sri Lanka Beaches & Nature Parks; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Done, T.J. 1987. Simulation of the effects of Acanthaster planci on the population structure of massive corals in the genus Porites:evidence of population resilience? Coral Reefs 6:75-90. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Seastars; Stony Coral
Adey, Walter H. 1987. Marine microcosms. Pages 133-49 in William R Jordan III, Michael E Gilpin, and John D Aber, editors. Restoration Ecology A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1987
Thia-Eng, CH UA and N. Paw James. 1987. Aquaculture Development And Coastal Zone Management In Southeast Asia: Conflicts And Complementary. Pages 2007-2021 in [No source information available]. 1987 Southeast Asia Review Agriculture; Aquaculture; Mangroves
Lewis, S. M., J. N. Norris, and R. B. Searles. 1987. The regulation of morphological plasticity in tropical reef algae by herbivory. Ecology 68:636-641. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Baldwin, C. L., G. J. S. Craik, and I. M. Dutton. 1987. Cyclone Winifred - implications for offshore design and management. in IN: 8TH AUSTRALASIAN CONF. ON COASTAL & OCEAN ENGINEERING 1987, PREPRINTS OF PAPERS, (LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA: NOV. 30-DEC. 4, 1. 1987 Australia Review
White Alan, T. and C. Savina Gail. 1987. Community-Based Marine Reserves, A Philippine First. Pages 2022-2036 in [No source information available]. 1987 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish
Agustinus, W. TA UF IK. 1987. Marine Resource Management In The Java Sea. Pages 4488-4502 in [No source information available]. 1987 Java; Indonesia Mangroves; Resource Use Management
Chaloupka Milani, Y. 1987. Taxing Response Evasion On The Great Barrier Reef. Pages 3441-3455 in [No source information available]. 1987 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas
Principe, P. P. 1987. The economic value of biological diversity among medicinal plants. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, final draft approved by Group of Economic Experts. 1987 Monetary Valuation
Hueckel Gregory, J., L. Benson Brian, and M. Buckley Raymond. 1987. Rocky Habitat Mitigation Using Artificial Reefs In Puget Sound, Washington. Pages 3635-3646 in [No source information available]. 1987 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Mitigation
Kakuris Paul, A. 1987. Combination Of Cobble And Sill Controls Erosion. Pages 4589-4599 in [No source information available]. 1987 Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Kintanar Roman, L. and P. Fama Rebecca. 1987. Coastal Zone Management Of Puerto Galera. Pages 2925-2938 in [No source information available]. 1987 Tourism & Recreation
Matthews, D. 1987. From rigs to reefs. LAMP 69:-2. 1987 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Bossad, P. and D. M. Karl. 1986. The direct measurement of ATP and adenine nucleotide pool turnover in microorganisms: a new method for environmental assessment of metabolism, energy flux, and phosphorus dynamics. Journal of Plankton Research 8:39826. 1986 Microorganisms
Slocum, DE AN, RI CH AR D Berlandy, and RO BE RT Wardwell. 1986. Facilities Planning In The Caribbean A Case Study. Pages 1351-1357 in [No source information available]. 1986 South & Central America; Caribbean Improved Technology; Sea Turtles; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Anon,. 1986. OCEANS 86 - CONFERENCE RECORD. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Craik, WE ND Y. 1986. Monitoring In The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Pages 785-790 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Hueckel Gregory, J. and M. Buckley Raymond. 1986. Mitigation Potential Of Artificial Reefs In Puget Sound, Washington. Pages 542-546 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Mitigation; Substrate
Morris, S. C. and H. B. Whittington. 1986. The Burgess Shale. Geos 15. 1986 GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates
Stumpfl, E. F. 1986. Distribution, transport and concentration of platinum group elements. Pages 379-394 Metallogeny of Basic and Ultrabasic Rocks. 1986 Construction Codes & Projects
Bhargava, O. N. and U. K. Bassi. 1986. Silurian reefal buildups: Spiti-Kinnaur, Himachal Himalaya, India. Facies 15:35-51. 1986 India Algae; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Prych, E.A.; Ebbert, J.C. 1986. Quantity and Quality of Storm Runoff from Three Urban Catchments in Bellevue, Washington, Available from Books and Open File Report Section, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4000, 1986. 85p, 14 fig, 34 tab,. 1986 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Savina, G. C. and A. T. White. 1986. A tale of two islands: Some lessons for marine resource management. Environmental Conservation 13:107-113. 1986 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management
Petuch, E. J. 1986. The Pliocene reefs of Miami: their geomorphological significance in the evolution of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, southeastern Florida, USA. Journal of Coastal Research 2:391-408. 1986 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA)
Littleton, JE FF. 1986. Platform Abandonment Liabilities Uncertain. Petroleum Engineer International 58:35-36. 1986 Artificial Habitat
Sartorio, D. 1986. Caprinid patch reef in the Cansiglio inner platform carbonate sequence (Southern Alps): a record of the earliest Aptian marine transgression ( Italy). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 92:383-399. 1986 Global Model Sediment
Christian Richard, T. 1986. Innovative Technologies For The Design And Fabrication Of Cost-Effective Artificial Reef Structures. Pages 524-527 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Fishing Sector
Jupp, D. L. B., K. K. Mayo, D. A. Kuchler, D. V. R. Claasen, R. A. Kenchington, and P. R. Guerin. 1985. Remote sensing for planning and managing the great barrier reef of Australia. Photogrammetria 40:21-42. 1985 Australia GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas
Side, J. 1985. Alternative uses of offshore installations. in [No source information available]. 1985 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Hornibrook, C. A. and J. H. Parker. 1985. Technical Review Of The Energy Authority Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program (C-Warp). Pages 249-268 in Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings. 1985 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coal Mining; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Walton, RA YM ON D, A. Roesner Larry, P. Wang Ming, and W. MA RT IN Williams. 1985. Water Quality Modeling Of Key Largo Coral Reef. Pages 1111-1120 in [No source information available]. 1985 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Bacon, PE TE R and ST EP HE N Head. 1985. Formation Of A Caribbean Coastal Management Unit. Pages 280-299 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring
Boaden, P. J. S. and R. Seed. 1985. An introduction to coastal ecology. An introduction to coastal ecology. 1985 Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment
Schneider, D. C. 1985. Predation on the urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus) by migratory shorebirds on a tropical reef flat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 92:19-27. 1985 Panama Marine Birds
Schwentke, W. and J. Wiedmann. 1985. Development of upper cretaceous sediments and diapirism in the estella basin (Northern Spain) [Oberkreide-Entwicklung und Diapirismus im Estella-Becken (Nordspanien)]. Facies 12:Jan-73. 1985 Global; Oman; Spain GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shabica Charles, W. 1985. Sediment Accretion Associated With Surgebreaker Offshore Reef, A Low Cost Shore Protection Device: An Update On The Corps Of Engineers Section 54 Program. Pages 575-580 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1985 Mitigation; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Chaloupka, M. Y. 1985. Application of the randomized response technique to marine park management: an assessment of permit compliance. Environmental Management 9:393-398. 1985 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas
Knap Anthony, H., D. Sleeter Thomas, and WY N Hughes Idwal. 1985. Case History: The Grounding Of The M/T Tifoso, 1983: A Test Of Bermuda'S Contingency Plan. Pages 289-291 in [No source information available]. 1985 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Tourism & Recreation
Sakai, IT SU O, NO BU O Takai, and TA KE O Kondo. 1985. Improvement And Construction Of Coastal Fishing Grounds In Japan. Pages 2239-2248 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Products
Sheehy Daniel, J. and F. Vik Susan. 1985. Designed Reefs For Habitat Loss Compensation. Pages 1439-1450 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 Artificial Habitat; Finfish & Shellfish Stock
Walton, RA YM ON D, W. MA RT IN Williams, P. Wang Ming, and A. Roesner Larry. 1985. Coral Reef Modeling: Key Largo Case Study. Pages 2420-2438 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 Florida Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production
Schubert, C. and M. Laredo. 1984. Geology of Aves Island (Venezuela) and subsidence of Aves Ridge, Caribbean Sea. Marine Geology 59:305-318. 1984 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean GIS & Maps Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gallegos Sonia, C., R. ST EV EN Nerem, I. Gray Jr. Thomas, and R. Helfert Michael. 1984. Vegetative Responses From A Great Barrier Reef Surface Water Feature Detected By Space Shuttle Photography. Pages 699-707 in [No source information available]. 1984 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Abu Gideiri, Y. B. 1984. Implications of sea mining for the Red Sea environment. Hydrobiologia 110:15-19. 1984 Sudan Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mining; Water Depth & Sea Level
Grigg, R.W. 1984. Resource management of precious corals: a review and application to shallow water reef building corals. Marine Ecology 5:57-74. 1984 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Model Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Stony Coral
Stebbing, A. R. D. and B. E. Brown, editors. 1984. Marine Ecotoxicological Tests with Coelenterates. Pages 307-339 in G. Persoone;E. Jaspers;C. Claus, editor. Ecotoxicological Testing for the Marine Environment. State Univ. Ghent and Inst. Mar. Scient. Res., Bredene, Belgium. 1984 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Cocks, K. D. 1984. A systematic method of public use zoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Coastal Zone Management Journal 12:359-383. 1984 Australia Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning
Campbell Thomas, J. and KI M Beachler. 1984. Engineering For Beach Restoration Dredging. Pages 1014-1023 in [No source information available]. 1984 Florida Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Pirazzoli, P. A. 1984. ( Bathymetric mapping based on remote sensing in the Gambier Archipelago, French Polynesia). [Cartographie des hauts fonds par teledetection dans l'Archipel des Gambier (Polynesie francaise).]. Espace Geographique 13:277-284. 1984 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Water Depth & Sea Level
Jupp, D. L. B. 1984. Technical Memorandum - CSIRO Australia, Division of Water & Land Resources. 1984 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Marine Protected Areas
Salm, R. V. 1984. Ecological boundaries for coral-reef reserves: Principles and guidelines. Environmental Conservation 11:209-215. 1984 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Marine Protected Areas
Williams, D. M., E. Wolanski, and J. C. Andrews. 1984. Transport mechanisms and the potential movement of planktonic larvae in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 3:229-236. 1984 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Plankton
Abu Gideiri, Y. B. 1984. Impacts of mining on Central Red Sea environment. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:823-828. 1984 Discharges; Mining Policies; Plankton; Toxics
Olsen, D. A., D. W. Nellis, and R. S. Wood. 1984. Ciguatera in the eastern Caribbean. Marine Fisheries Review 46:13-18. 1984 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Martinique; Caribbean Fish; Fishing Sector
Dicks, B. 1984. Oil pollution in the Red Sea - Environmental monitoring of an oilfield in a coral area, Gulf of Suez. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. 1984 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Ross, M. A. 1984. A quantitative study of the stony coral fishery in Cebu, Philippines. Marine Ecology 5:75-91. 1984 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Stony Coral
Rouchy, J.-M., M.-C. Bernet-Rollande, A. F. Maurin, and C. Monty. 1983. ( Sedimentological and paleogeographic meaning of different bioconstructed carbonates around Gebel Esh Mellaha, Egypt. Impact on evaporites and paleogeography). [Signification sedimentologique et paleogeographique des divers types de carbonates bioconstru. Comptes Rendus des Seances - Academie des Sciences, Serie II 296:457-462. 1983 Egypt Algae; Construction Codes & Projects; Microorganisms; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Kiefer, D. A. and B. G. Mitchell. 1983. A simple, steady state description of phytoplankton growth based on absorption cross section and quantum efficiency. Limnology and Oceanography 28:770-776. 1983 Model Light; Nutrients; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Cocks, K. D., I. A. Baird, and J. R. Anderson With W. Craik. 1983. CSIRO Australia, Division of Water & Land Resources, Divisional Report. 1983 Australia Marine Protected Areas
Coppes, JA N, AD OL F Lubbers, SO EP AN GA T Soemarto, and SU GI YO Yuwono. 1983. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE DREDGING AND RECLAMATION WORKS AT SOUTH BONTANG BAY, INDONESIA. Water Science and Technology 16:407-415. 1983 Indonesia Lab Study Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Trefry, J. H., R. P. Trocine, and K. C. Yhip. 1983. Drilling mud discharges: minimizing environmental mismatches. Pages Am.Soc.Civ.Engrs.-1983 in IN: COASTAL ZONE'83, PROC. THIRD SYMP. ON COASTAL AND OCEAN MANAGEMENT, (SAN DIEGO, U.S.A.: JUN. 1-4, 1983), O.T. MAGOON; H. 1983 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Sediment
Horodyski, R. J. 1983. Sedimentary geology and stromatolites of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, Glacier National Park, Montana. Precambrian Research 20:391-425. 1983 Columbia Sediment
Kuss, J. 1983. Depositional environments of proximal intraplatform basins: Sedimentation, palecology and geochemistry of the Kossen beds (Upper Triassic, Northern Alps) [Faziesentwicklung in proximalen Intraplattform-Becken: Sedimentation, Palokologie und Geochemie de. Facies 9:61-171. 1983 Algae; Echinoderms; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Polunin, N. V. C. 1983. Marine 'genetic resources' and the potential role of protected areas in conserving them. Environmental Conservation 10:31-41. 1983 Review Aquaculture; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Morris, G. C. 1983. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: a unique management concept ( Australia). Parks 8:4-Jan. 1983 Australia Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Schroeder, J. H. 1983. (The fringing reefs of Port Sudan, Sudan: II. Threats - protection - development aid). [Die Saumriffe von Port Sudan, Sudan: II. Gefahrdung - Schutz - Entwicklungshilfe.]. Essener Geographische Arbeiten 6:45-57. 1983 Sudan Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Tourism & Recreation
Bannerman, R.; Baun, K.; Bohn, M.; Hughes, P.; Graczyk, D. 1983. Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Evaluation of Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution Management in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Volume 2. Feasibility and Application of Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Howard, A. E. and R. S. Nunny. 1983. Effects of near-bed current speeds on the distribution and behaviour of the lobster, Homarus gammarus (L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 71:27-42. 1983 Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Parker, J. H., P. M. J. Woodhead, I. W. Duedall, and H. R. Carleton. 1983. Ocean disposal and construction with stabilized coal waste blocks. Water Science and Technology 15:83-95. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Lab Study Coal Mining; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Kermond John, L. 1983. Research For Management: Gbr Marine Park, Australia. Pages 2877-2889 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1983 Australia Marine Protected Areas
Abu Gideiri Yousif, B. 1983. IMPACTS OF MINING ON CENTRAL RED SEA ENVIRONMENT. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:823-828. 1983 Mining Policies; Toxics
Dicks, BR IA N. 1983. OIL POLLUTION IN THE RED SEA - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF AN OILFIELD IN A CORAL AREA, GULF OF SUEZ. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. 1983 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment
Gomez, E. D. 1983. Perspectives on coral reef research and management in the Pacific. Ocean Management 8:281-295. 1983 US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines Review Marine Protected Areas
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, Div. of Environmental Management. 1983. Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina: An Evaluation of Street Sweeping as a Runoff Pollution Control. Final rept. Sep 79-Oct 83. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Bird, E. C. F. 1982. The management of coastal resources in tropical Australia. Pages 77-84 Man, Land and Sea. 1982 Australia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Bina Ricardo, T. and P. Reyes Geronimo. 1982. Mapping And Inventory Of Coral Reef Lagoons As Potential Mariculture Sites Using Sandsat Data. Page 879 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 1982 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
[No author name available]. 1982. Artificial reefs and marine fisheries enhancement: a special issue. Marine Fisheries Review 44:Jan-60. 1982 Artificial Habitat
Hollett, K. J. and R. Moberly. 1982. Sedimentation, dredging, and spoil disposal in a subtropical estuarine lagoon. Environmental Geology 4:31-42. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Military; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Anderson, J. R., N. Wood, and I. A. Baird. 1982. CSIRO, Australia, Division of Water and Land Resources, Technical Memorandum. 1982 Australia GIS & Maps Marine Protected Areas
Senowbari-Daryan, B., P. Schafer, and B. Abate. 1982. Upper Triassic reefs and reef biota in Sicily [Obertriadische Riffe und Rifforganismen in Sizilien (Beitrage zur Palaontologie und Mikrofazies obertriadischer Riffe im alpin-mediterranen Raum, 27)]. Facies 6:165-183. 1982 Model Algae; Sponges
Curry-Lindahl, K. 1982. A tale of mismanagement at sea. ORYX 16:415-420. 1982 Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
White, A. T. and S. M. Wells. 1982. Coral reefs in the Philippines. ORYX 16:445-451. 1982 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Newton, R. S. and A. Stefanon. 1982. Side-scan sonar and subbottom profiling in the northern Adriatic Sea. Marine Geology 46:279-306. 1982 Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Worms; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Finn, D. P. 1982. Soil loss in developing countries and its relationship to marine resources: examples from East Africa. in [No source information available]. 1982 Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Henrich, R. 1982. Middle Triassic carbonate margin development: Hochstaufen-Zwieselmassif, northern Calcareous Alps, Germany. Facies 6:85-105. 1982 Germany Sediment; Sponges
Reynolds, W. W. and M. E. Casterlin. 1981. Thermoregulatory behavior of the triggerfish Balistes fuscus in an electronic shuttlebox. Hydrobiologia 83:255-256. 1981 Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Crame, J. A. 1981. Ecological stratification in the Pleistocene coral reefs of the Kenya coast. Palaeontology 24:609-646. 1981 Kenya GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Substrate
Goldstein, Alan. 1981. Upland Detention/Retention Demonstration Project. 1981 Florida Agriculture; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Malm, W. C., E. G. Walther, K. O'Dell, and M. Kleine. 1981. Visibility in the southwestern United States from summer 1978 to spring 1979. Atmospheric Environment 15:2031-2042. 1981 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Variables
Bird, E. C. F. and O. S. R. Ongkosongo. 1981. Environmental changes on the coasts of Indonesia ( resource management). in [No source information available]. 1981 Indonesia Review Mangroves; Resource Use Management
Wells, S. M. 1981. International trade in corals. International trade in corals. 1981 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Philippines; Taiwan; Caribbean; Europe Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Collins, N. 1980. Population ecology of Ephydra cinerea Jones (Diptera: Ephydridae), the only benthic metazoan of the Great Salt Lake, U.S.A. Hydrobiologia 68:99-112. 1980 Algae; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Salinity; Special Use Permitting; Substrate
Anderson, R. M. and R. M. May. 1980. Infectious diseases and population cycles of forest insects. Science 210:658-661. 1980 Model Pathogens; Special Use Permitting
Snyder, C. C. 1980. Hermaphroditism. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 7:179-196. 1980 Lab Study Algae; Snails & Conch
Courtenay Jr, W. R., B. C. Hartig, and G. R. Loisel. 1980. Ecological evaluation of a beach nourishment project at Hallandale ( Broward County), Florida. Volume I. Evaluation of fish populations adjacent to borrow areas of beach nourishment project, Hallandale (Broward County), Florida ( USA). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Dept of Biological Sciences, Miscellaneous Report. 1980 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Sediment; Substrate
Spadoni, RI CH AR D and TH OM AS Campbell. 1980. Coral Reef Protection During Beach Restoration In Florida. Pages 152-159 in Proceedings of SOUTHEASTCON Region 3 Conference. 1980 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Davies, P. J. and J. F. Marshall. 1980. A model of epicontinental reef growth. Nature 287:37-38. 1980 South & Central America; Australia; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gilligan, M. R. 1980. Beta diversity of a Gulf of California rocky-shore fish community. Environmental Biology of Fishes 5:109-116. 1980 Fish; Sea Temperatures; Special Use Permitting
Brown, B. E. and R. P. Dunne. 1980. Environmental controls of patch-reef growth and development. Marine Biology 56:85-96. 1980 US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Stony Coral
Gaby, R., S. P. Langley, M. T. Park, and R. W. Curry. 1980. Key Largo coral reef marine sanctuary: literature survey and water quality monitoring program. in [No source information available]. 1980 Field Study & Monitoring
Sammarco, P. W. 1980. Diadema and its relationship to coral spat mortality: grazing, competition, and biological disturbance. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 45:245-272. 1980 Jamaica Algae; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral
Pudlo, R. J., A. J. Beattie, and D. C. Culver. 1980. Population consequences of changes in an ant-seed mutualism in Sanguinaria canadensis. Oecologia 46:32-37. 1980 Model Special Use Permitting
Fishelson, L. 1980. Marine reserves along the Sinai Peninsula (northern Red Sea). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 33:624-640. 1980 Egypt; Iran Marine Protected Areas
Davis, W. P., G. I. Scott, C. D. Getter, M. O. Hayes, and E. R. Gundlach. 1980. Methodology for environmental assessments oil and hazardous substance spills. Helgolander wiss Meeresuntersuchungen 33. 1980 Puerto Rico Index or Indicator Petroleum Spills
Frasier, G. W., K. R. Cooley, and J. R. Griggs. 1979. Performance evaluation of water harvesting catchments. Journal of Range Management 32:453-456. 1979 Field Study & Monitoring Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff
Spadoni, R. H. 1979. Reef monitoring of the Delray Beach Erosion Project. SHORE & BEACH 47:-12. 1979 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Medvick, P. A. and J. M. Miller. 1979. Behavioral thermoregulation in three Hawaiian reef fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 4:23-28. 1979 US Pacific & Hawaii Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Bedinger Jr., C. A. 1979. Ecological Investigations Of Petroleum Production Platforms In The Central Gulf Of Mexico - Preliminary Findings. Pages 2149-2161 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1979 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hanshaw, B. B. and W. Back. 1979. Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems. Journal of Hydrology 43:287-312. 1979 Model Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Invertebrates; Sediment
Smith, S. V. 1978. Coral-reef area and the contributions of reefs to processes and resources of the world's oceans. Nature 273:225-226. 1978 Global Biocriteria; Fishing Sector
Kenchington, R. A. 1978. The Crown-of-thorns crisis in Australia: A retrospective analysis. Environmental Conservation 5:20-Nov. 1978 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Cuba Review; Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Seastars
Swanson Gerald, C., L. Seymour John, and B. Ditton Robert. 1978. Alternative Perspective On Common Property Resource Allocation Decisions In The Coastal Zone. Coastal Zone Management Journal 4:25-45. 1978 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Wetlands
Hermann, F. V., O. Miyamoto, and W. L. Rickard. 1978. Reef Runway! is first in airport design. Civil Engineering 48:-105. 1978 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Land & Air Transportation
Antonius, A. 1977. Coral mortality in reefs: a problem for science and management. Pages 617-624 in Proc. 3rd international coral reef symposium, Miami, 1977. Volume 2, geology. 1977 Field Study & Monitoring Hotel & Food Services; Marine Worms; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
[No author name available]. 1977. Singapore dredge for Maldives. in [No source information available]. 1977 Maldives Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Hayes, R. L. and N. I. Goreau. 1977. Intracellular crystal-bearing vesicles in the epidermis of scleractinian corals, Astrangia danae (Agassiz) and Porites porites (Pallas). Biological Bulletin 152:26-40. 1977 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Chapman, G. A. 1977. Environmental impacts on an island community. in [No source information available]. 1977 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Land & Air Transportation
Baker, J. T. 1977. Management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Pages 597-604 in Proc. 3rd international coral reef symposium, Miami, 1977, Volume 2, geology. 1977 Australia Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Wethey, D. S. and J. W. Porter. 1976. Sun and shade differences in productivity of reef corals. Nature 262:281-282. 1976 Lab Study Algae; Energy Policy & Development; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Smith, Nathan and Howard M. Lenhoff. 1976. Regulation of frequency of pedal laceration in a sea anemone. Pages 117-26 in Mackie, editor. Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior,. University of Victoria, British Columbia. 1976 Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
Balazs, G. H. 1976. Green turtle migrations in the Hawaiian archipelago. Biological Conservation 9:125-140. 1976 US Pacific & Hawaii Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sea Turtles
Kaufman, RA YM ON D. 1976. Ocean Engineering Capabilities And Requirements For The Offshore Mining Industry. Pages 49-62 in [No source information available]. 1976 Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Mining Policies; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Raymond William, F. 1975. Sand And Coral Monitoring At Two Artificial Reefs In Florida. SHORE & BEACH 43:10-Mar. 1975 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat
Rahaman, M. M., M. M. Khan, and K. M. S. Aziz. 1975. An outbreak of dysentery caused by Shigella dysenteriae type 1 on a coral island in the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Infectious Diseases 132:15-19. 1975 Drinking Water Supply; Pathogens; Water Utilities Policies
Seymour John, L. 1975. Preliminary Legal Considerations In Developing Artificial Reefs. Coastal Zone Management Journal 2:149-169. 1975 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Fish; Fishing Sector; Permitting & Zoning
Rutzler, K. 1975. The role of burrowing sponges in bioerosion. Oecologia 19:203-216. 1975 Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boring Sponges; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate
HUDDELL, H. D., J. C. WILLET, and G. MARCHAND. 1974. Nearshore Currents And Coral Reef Ecology Of The West Coast Of Guam, Mariana Islands. in [No source information available]. 1974 Guam Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Military; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies
Dugan, G. L. and R. H. F. Young. 1973. Effects of coastal water disposal in Hawaii. Pages 691-701 in J.ENVIRONM.ENGN DIV.PROC.ASCE. 1973 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
Smith, C. L. and J. C. Tyler. 1973. Direct observations of resource sharing in coral reef fish. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24:264-275. 1973 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Johannes, R. E. 1972. Coral Reefs And Pollution [Marine Pollution And Sea Life]. Pages 364-375 FISHING NEWS LTD., SURREY. 1972 Review Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Salinity; Seastars; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges
Connell, D. W. 1971. The great barrier reef conservation issue-A case history. Biological Conservation 3:249-254. 1971 Australia Oil & Gas Industry; Political Pressure; Seastars
JULYAN, GD. 1970. Footwell raising on President Steyn Cold Mine, using the Geiger Counter. Pages 169-176 Ass Mine Managers of South Africa, Pap and Discussions. 1970 South Africa Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining Policies; Waste Management Policies
Tricart, J. 1967. Certaines formes de sedimentation calcaire quaternaires sont-elles dues à des desequilibres geochimiques periodiques? Chemical Geology 2:233-248. 1967 South & Central America; Mexico Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Peres, J. M. 1965. Reflexions sur les rapports entre l'ecologie et la paleoecologie marines. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1:51-68. 1965 Collaboration & Partnering; Echinoderms; Salinity
Robertson, James D. 1957. Recent Advances in Invertebrate Physiology: A Symposium University of Oregon Publishing: Eugene. 1957 Invertebrates; Special Use Permitting
Guillemot, N., M. Leopold, M. Cuif, and P. Chabanet. Characterization and management of informal fisheries confronted with socio-economic changes in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Fisheries Research US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
O'Garra, T. ESTIMATING THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE (TEV) OF THE NAVAKAVU LMMA (Locally Managed Marine Area) in Vitu Levu island (Fiji). Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific. US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Goodsell, P. J. and M. G. Chapman. Rehabilitation of Habitat and the Value of Artificial Reefs. Pages 333-344 in Wahl, M., editor. Marine Hard Bottom Communities, Ecological Studies 206. Artificial Habitat; Mitigation
Managing Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A TOOLKIT for South Asia: Economic Valuation. Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Tissier, M. L., editor. The DPSIR Framework Technical assistance to SMAP III ICZM Projects: A tool for integrated modelling and analysis in coastal zones. Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Changes
Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC. Review Funding & Incentives; Manufacturing & Trade
Environment Protection Authority. EPA Guidelines for Environmental management of on-site remediation. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, Australia. Remediation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Clark, M. R. and A. A. Rowden. Effect of deepwater trawling on the macro-invertebrate assemblages of seamounts on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Le Guilloux, E., K. Olu, J. F. Bourillet, B. Savoye, S. P. Iglesias, and M. Sibuet. First observations of deep-sea coral reefs along the Angola margin. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Stony Coral
Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA. Global Climate; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing
Medley, P. 9. ParFish - Participatory Fisheries stock assessment. Stock Assessment for Fishery Management A Framework Guide to the Stock Assessment Tools of the Fisheries Management Science Programme FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No.487. Food and Agriculture Organization. Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Santos, R. S., S. Christiansen, B. Christiansen, and S. Gubbay. Toward the conservation and management of Sedlo Seamount: A case study. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Sibuet, M. and A. Vangriesheim. Deep-sea environment and biodiversity of the West African Equatorial margin. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Collaboration & Partnering; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mork, E., G. L. Sjoo, N. Kautsky, and T. R. McClanahan. Top-down and bottom-up regulation of macroalgal community structure on a Kenyan reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science Kenya Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Gustavson, K. R. Values associated with the use of the Montego Bay Marine Park. World Bank Research Committee. Jamaica Marine Protected Areas; Valuation
Edson, G. M. The ancient Atlantic Reef trend. Pages 219-222 in IN: OCEANS '88. A PARTNERSHIP OF MARINE INTERESTS, PROC. CONF. & EXPO., (BALTIMORE, U.S.A.: OCT. 31-NOV. 2, 1988). Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Collaboration & Partnering
Leeworthy, V. R., P. C. Wiley, and J. D. Hospital. Importance-satisfaction ratings five-year comparison, SPA & ER use, and socioeconomic and ecological monitoring comparison of results 1995-96 to 2000-01. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Florida Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Costanza, R., E. Bohensky, J. Butler, I. Bohnet, A. Delisle, K. Fabricius, M. Gooch, I. Kubiszewski, G. Lukacs, P. Pert, and E. Wolanski. Chapter 16: A scenario analysis of climate change and ecosystem services for the Great Barrier Reef. Pages 1-47 in E. Wolanski, and D. McLusky, editors. in Volume 12: Ecological Economics of Estuaries and Coasts, (eds., M. van den Belt and R. Costanza) in the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science. Elsevier. Global; Australia Climate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fava, F., M. Ponti, A. Scinto, B. Calcinai, and C. Cerrano. Possible effects of human impacts on epibenthic communities and coral rubble features in the marine Park of Bunaken (Indonesia). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Jalal, K. F. Regional water resources situation: quantitative and qualitative aspects. in [No source information available]. Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Risk, M. J., B. E. Lapointe, O. A. Sherwood, and B. J. Bedford. The use of δ 15N in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Bivalves; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC. Mining; Mining Policies; Special Use Permitting
Brandt, M.E. An agent-based epizootiological model of coral disease: investigating the dynamics of coral disease with management in mind. in Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Multi-Agent Modeling for Environmental Management. South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Elmqvist, T., E. Maltby, T. Barker, M. Mortimer, and C. Perrings. Chapter 2: Biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services. in Salles, J.-M., editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, Cambridge,(UK). Global

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Integrate Volunteer Assistance in Cultural Resources Inventory Marine Heritage Resource managers should continue or begin to use volunteers to assist staff in collecting information, locating unrecorded sites, recording and documenting sites, assessing site significance, and developing sites for improved public access, interpretation, and protection. Often locals have interest and knowledge of unrecorded sites. If previously established, the management option (#165), will allow this data to be combined with data from other inventory management options such as (#81), and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option (#85). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Provide Policy Information to the Public Communicate valid and emerging resource concerns to the general public. This can be accomplished through (#106), (#), or (#). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications; Responses; Schools & Colleges; Scientific Research; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Collaboratively Evaluate Management Plan Joint Actions As the NMSP continues to increase the rigor of its self-evaluation, the program would like to increase the frequency with which partners formally join with the local sanctuary in assessing the effectiveness of the joint-management actions. Each quarter, sanctuary staff should facilitate collaborative evaluation of one action plan within the management plan. In result, systematic rotation through the actions plans will be completed every few years. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Public Administration; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Develop and maintain standard operating procedures based on federal, state and agency directives and regulation in order to provide staff and programs with consistent and clear direction. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Public Administration; Scientific Research; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Establish Partnerships Local sanctuaries should explore and establish new partnerships with government and non-government agencies to meet goals of the sanctuary. Such partners should be pursued based on synergies between partner goals and competencies. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Develop a Collaborative Action Plan To achieve the greatest efficiency and effectiveness from interagency collaborations it is important to first develop a project management plan and delegate tasks to agencies equipped with those competencies. Such a plan should designate each agencies roles, responsibilities and timelines. A flow chart is often useful for this task. Such a plan or chart can describe procedures for progress assessment, events of possible interest, and to notify permit holders of any changes in procedures. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Conduct Staff Meetings Several types of staff meetings should be regularly scheduled to fulfill a variety of purposes. Management meetings are necessary to address administrative policy matters. Internal staff meetings should be conducted to ensure necessary information is communicated among staff as to any changes, concerns, or developments. Meetings are an opportunity to review the sanctuary management plan (#213) and standard operating procedures (#208). External collaborators should be involved in meetings when an issue is being discussed that the collaborator is involved in, such as when standard operating procedures are being developed across agencies. Meetings can also be used as important staff training sessions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Participate in National Marine Sanctuary Program Activities Local marine sanctuaries should actively participate in NMSP education and outreach and implement national education plans locally whenever possible. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Interagency Sharing of Information This management option is designed to facilitate coordination among federal, state, and local agencies involved in management. Easier collaboration and sharing of information can often be facilitated by decision tools and information technology. There are several activities that can aid better interagency coordination of maritime heritage resources (MHR). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Internet & Telecommunications; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Promote Interagency Collaboration in Policy Making The administrative office communicates with organizations and agencies involved in resource impacts or regulation to determine potential effects of Sanctuary management interest, to help develop policy statements, and to consult with affected agencies regarding sanctuary related policies. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

US EPA. EPA Retention/Detention. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Education & Information; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Participate in Science Community Networking It can be advantageous to actively participating in science-related committees, review panels, and other groups that collaborate on science issues relating to coral reefs, resource management, and other topics. This management option ensures that the local sanctuary is considered in regional planning, that there is broad-based recognition of scientific findings concerning the sanctuary, and that sanctuary expertise is shared with partners. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Public Administration; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Social Organizations
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Participate in Technical Advisory Committees The technical advisory committee can meet once or twice a year with reef managers to help develop agendas on the design and prioritization of water quality and ecological research and monitoring. This provides managers the opportunity to list research/monitoring priorities to federal, state, and local government entities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Develop Cooperative Projects and Programs This option involves NOAA seeking to develop cooperative projects, sharing information, and combining resources with other agencies involved in resource management, marine sanctuaries, monitoring and research. Enhanced interagency interaction will help to better manage the resources of the area at hand. Such projects and programs can be long term (e.g. monitoring) or short term (e.g. crisis management). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Assess and Evaluate Sanctuary Management Plan Implementation This assessment should be conducted internally by sanctuary staff on an annual basis. It is important to revisit the sanctuaries management plan every year, to consider the progress and effectiveness of activities implemented over the previous year. Monitoring and research can also provide information that was unavailable when the management plan was first written. Performance evaluations should be performed routinely and be based on consistent measures. These evaluations can also be used to populate NMSP Report Cards and other performance requirements. This new knowledge and experience can be integrated into the plan and its implementation, in a type of adaptive management (#275). Accomplishments, changes and targets should all be discerned for the year to come. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Public Administration; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Develop a site database Local managers could maintain a central database containing information about local shipwrecks. This data can be incorporated with geological, biological, and census data into GIS in order to interpret relationships. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Create a Public Project Database & Website An inventory and subsequent database of projects involving the public and non-governmental organizations is an important component of managing multiple public projects (#88). Having such an inventory can be important for identifying potential partners for collaboration, as well as for identifying sites (Marine Heritage or Natural Resource) of public interest. Such a database can easily be added to a sanctuary website (#133) in an effort to increase public awareness (#86). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Continued Staff Training It is important that staff be properly educated and trained to perform their designated tasks, but it is equally important to keep staff familiar with applicable agency directive and regulation through training and communication. Some strategies for this include information technology-based reference and guidance, regularly scheduled meetings (#210), and through in-service trainings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Hydroseeding High Risk Soils Hydroseeding is a process that creates a slurry of seeds, water, and mulch. This slurry can be applied with the use of trucks, trailers, and even aircrafts. This method is particularly useful because it promotes quick germination and reduces erosion. It is especially beneficial to use this method where there is a vastness of bare soil due to clearing vegetation for roads, homes, and farming. Higher elevations are typically steeper and often experience heavy rainfall, and ultimately an extreme amount of erosion occurs if soil is bare. Erosion from the highlands can fill the reservoirs in the drainage basin with sediment. Using hydroseeding would increase vegetation and ultimately the stabilization of the soil. Also, increased vegetation through hydroseeding would help with infiltration rates because the roots would aerate the soil. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Reef Life; Sediment
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Grazing Land Management This management option protects range, pasture and other types of grazing lands for agricultural animals. Special actions should be taken to protect sensitive areas such as streams, wetlands and estuaries if livestock is to have access to these areas. Grazing management practices can be categorized into four types, vegetative stabilization, grazing management systems, access limitations and alternative water supplies. Vegetative stabilization involves reestablishing the vegetative cover on ranges after it has been removed by grazing to reduce erosion rates. Grazing management systems typically reduce the time livestock spend in each pasture to increase the quantity and quality of vegetation in those pastures. Grazing frequency, timing, duration, area allocation, and livestock distribution kind, class, distribution and stocking rates should all be considered in the management system to ensure adequate pasture rehabilitation. Access limitations, such as fencing and stream crossings are used to herd and control livestock movement. Physical disturbance from livestock can increase erosion, so crossings and watering access points should be hardened. Alternative water supplies are an alternative to more sensitive water sources that may be vulnerable to erosion and discharges from grazing areas. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Contour Farming Contour Farming involves sloping land in such a way that field preparation, planting and cultivating are done on the contour. This includes following established grades of terraces or diversions. During heavy rains the crop rows formed slow water runoff reducing erosion and water runoff of non-point source pollutants such as agricultural herbicides and fertilizers. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Change Agricultural Cover Crop Practices Cover crop outreach entails changing agricultural practices in an area to leave vegetation and cover on the soil while growing other crops (e.g. Coffee). Agricultural practices that encourage leaving soil bare are extremely susceptible to erosion (e.g. sun grown Coffee). Cover crop methods and shade-grown crops (e.g. shade-grown Coffee) would reduce the large amount of sediment that is eroding, particularly from high elevations, and ultimately will reduce the amount of sediment that reaches the coral reefs. Options to encourage transition to cover crop practices include outreach to raise awareness of benefits and cost share programs to help farmers with the burden of the extra expense. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Conservation Cover. CODE 327. US Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Donations; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Responses; Sediment
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Pond Sealing Waste treatment ponds and pits are useful methods of treatment, but premature seepage from these storage impoundments would also have negative impacts. Bentonite Liner Treatment, Compacted Clay Treatment, Flexible membrane, and Soil Dispersant Treatment are all options for sealing treatment impoundments, depending on the specific soil suitability and other criteria. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Composting Composting involves the controlled aerobic decomposition of manure or other organic material by micro-organisms into a biologically stable organic material that is suitable for use as a soil supplement. Composting should be part of nutrient management plans because it reduces the pollution potential of organic wastes. Smaller scale household composting may reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream, where again it may have greater pollution potential. Larger volumes of material may require construction of containment facilities to ensure pollutants aren't able to enter runoff water in high concentrations. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Landscaping & Household Services; Littering; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Bivalve Aquaculture Biofouling Control These management options reduce, clean or remove biofouling organisms and other waste from bivalve production areas while minimizing environmental risk. Aquaculture shellfish production requires adequate food availability and water of dependable quantity and quality. Aquaculture operations and gear must have a minimal adverse impact on the surrounding water, plant, animal and human resources. Biofouling is detrimental to shellfish production, increasing exposure to pathogens, reducing the available food stuffs, and increasing organic loading. Only environmentally appropriate biofoul control methods should be used, and fouling organisms and algae should be disposed of appropriately to avoid local degradation. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. Conservation Practice Standard: Bivalve Aquaculture Gear and Biofouling Control. CODE 400, USDA.

Algae; Aquaculture; Arthropods; Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Domestic Animal Waste; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Improved Technology; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Octopus & Squid; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Snails & Conch; Supplemental Feeding
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Sodic Soil Management In coastal agriculture it is important to manage and reduce accumulations of salts on the soil surface and down to the crop rooting depth. Saline seep often occurs in crop areas where the water table is very shallow. Irrigation management or drainage improvements may be necessary. Another option may be subsoiling, where internal soil drainage is restricted by layers of contrasting permeability and soil moisture levels are low enough to allow shattering and mixing of soil layers. Vegetative measures include planting deep rooted crops such as wheatgrass and alfalfa. Soil amendments can be used to treat sodium, displacing it with calcium depending on the specific chemistry of the soil. Though crop yield does not directly impact coral reefs, ground water restoration projects may change the raise the water table, making sodic soil management important. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Phase Out Unwanted Subsidies Subsidies are often offered to promote certain types of growth and development. At a later time, with changing priorities, it may be determined that these types of growth and development are no longer optimal. For example, sun grown coffee, was subsidized in Guancia Bay, PR, as it was expected to have higher future market demand. However, it requires clearing large tracts of land on steep, extremely erodible clay soils. This leads to high volumes of erosion because there is no vegetation to anchor the soil in place. Now these subsidies are promoting sun grown coffee even though shade grown is better for the land and reefs because it reduces erosion, extreme runoff, and adds vegetation to the land. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Banks, Credit, & Securities; City Planning; Corporate Responses; Decision Support; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Waterspreading This management option uses a system of dams, dikes, ditches, or other means of diverting or collecting runoff from natural channels, gullies, or streams and spreading it over relatively flat areas. Waterspreading differs from irrigation in that applications are timed by the availability of natural runoff flow rather than scheduled to meet plant needs. Waterspreading is most beneficial in areas with an average annual precipitation of 8 to 25 inches. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Resources
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Livestock Waste Storage and Utilization Confined animal facilities often produce large amounts of animal waste. This waste can be stored and disposed of in a variety of ways, and it is important to consider how rainwater may carry these wastes in groundwater. Wastes can be kept in temporary storage ponds, storage structures, or treatment lagoons. Once composted, these wastes may be applied to agricultural land in an environmentally acceptable manner in place of other fertilizers. Site selection, timing of application and rate of application must be properly managed to reduce the potential for degradation of ground water. Additionally, this practice may increase microbial action in the soil surface, which helps keep pesticides and other pollutants in place. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Fertilizer Application Management This agricultural best management practice involves the development, implementation and periodic update of nutrient management plans. Nutrient management plans are used to efficiently apply nutrients at appropriate rates so as to still achieve desired crop yields. There are several important measures and considerations that must be taken before developing the nutrient plan. Farm and field maps, yield expectations, nutrient resources, and geologic field limitations are all important. Some crops fix nitrogen, such as legumes, and have a nitrogen credit that must be factored. Field limitations include shallow aquifers, nearby surface water, sinkholes, and highly erodible soils. If the nutrients to be applied aren�t commercial they must be assessed to determine the nutrient value and the rate of availability of the nutrients. The nutrient plan�s timing and application methods should use the limiting nutrient concept and avoid applications to frozen soil and during periods of leaching or runoff. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Jokela, Bill, Peter Kleinman, John Peters, and Ann Wolf,. 2011. Manure Spreader Calibration & Manure Testing.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Waterborne Discharges
Chemical Discharge Controls: Research impacts and alternatives This plan involves researching the impacts of current spraying practices on sanctuary resources and indentifying alternative means of mosquito control. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water
Chemical Discharge Controls: Integrated pest Management Modify mosquito control programs/regulations The results of pesticide research program can be used to modify the existing mosquito control program as necessary. (312) NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water
Conducting Socioeconomic Research: Support science of socioeconomic analysis of marine protected areas Little is known about applied socioeconomic analysis to marine protected areas. Funding support will be provided for scientists to meet and share information on this subject. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Contact Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Pressures; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers
Continued Development of Signs, Displays, Exhibits, and Visitor Centers: Develop interactive educational exhibits Creating exhibits that are interactive can help to convey information regarding boundaries, regulations, resources, education programs, and research programs. Computers are a great way to create interactive exhibits. Funding can be provided from private and nonprofit organizations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Continued Distribution of Audio-Visual Materials: Create/Maintain the audio-visual library Local sanctuaries should collect and catalogue audio-visual materials for their personal libraries. These materials should be made available and contribution can come from amateur and professional photographers. The library should be maintained and expanded so that these materials can be loaned to the public for educational purposes. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Responses
Corporate Response: Develop Outreach with Shipping Businesses This option requires the sanctuary to continue to alert shipping businesses about sanctuary regulations. Such regulations may include vessel waste discharge, ATBA, PSSA, etc. The targeted audiences will include importers, exporters, port authorities, commercial fishing companies, ship insurers. This information can be provided to the audience through NOAA nautical charts, trade publications, newsletters, trade shows, and direct mailings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finance & Insurance; Infrastructural Policies; Insurance; Manufacturing & Trade; Ports & Harbors; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Corporate Response: Standardized Environmental Certifications and Labels Product labeling initiatives are based on the premise that product information represented by or contained on the label is otherwise not readily available (or apparent) and is of value in consumer purchase decisions. For example, warning labels highlight product safety and toxic exposure hazards and advise consumers on ways to minimize risks. Likewise, a number of environmental certification programs (ECPs) identify products' environmental burdens and/or set standards for products' environmental attributes. Properly designed environmental labeling efforts can change consumer and manufacturer attitudes and behaviors, thus reducing environmental burdens. The specific metrics used to measure environmental label effectiveness include: 1) consumer awareness of labels, 2) consumer acceptance of labels (credibility and understanding), 3) changes in consumer behavior, 4) changes in manufacturer behavior, and 5) improvement of end goals, such as environmental quality. Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Forestry; Health; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Birds; Medical Care; Medical Centers; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Resource Use Management; Toxics; Transportation; Utilities; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Corporate Response: Invest & Co-finance Projects Investing and co-financing projects that aim to conserve or restore habitats can be an effective means to preserving reef habitats as well as establishing positive working relationships between organizations. Investing in private sector projects will promote desired businesses and business practices, reducing barriers to entry and competitiveness as compared to traditional businesses and business practices to counterbalance advantages from undesired externalities. World Bank Group. 2008. Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation. Nature based solutions from the world bank portfolio. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC.

Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biomedical Research Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Products; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Corporate Response: Develop Outreach with Local Businesses Information should be provided to business along the water so that employees will be aware of environmentally sensitive business practices. This can be achieved through informative brochures, and distributing other educational materials. These interactions can also be used to inform businesses of opportunities for voluntary certifications (#104). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Operating Permits for Towing & Salvage Professionals This management option evaluates the need for a permitting system for all towing and salvage operations. This type of permit would require salvage operators to notify injury response when there are groundings. The permit program would also reduce impacts by ensuring operators know the proper practices and use the proper equipment to most effectively minimize damage to the operating area. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Monitor & Respond to Damages From Fishing Gear When a habitat is damaged or an injury occurs to natural resources as a result of fishing gear, it is beneficial to respond and assess. Responding appropriately is likely to involve other management options such as #91 if the injury was due to a violation. It is important to assess the damage and gather information as to why the injury occurred, so as to be able to find alternative fishing gear or practices that are less likely to cause such damages, for research such as #42. There should be protocols and methodologies for collecting damage assessment data to ensure it can be added to information systems such as #76 to track recovery, especially if repairing or restorative actions are taken. Standardized methods are also important when sharing this information with state and federal fisheries management (#64). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Coordinated Oil & Hazardous Spill Response This management option calls for developing unified response protocols to deal with containment and clean-up of oil spills. This is important to protect corals, mangroves, and seagrasses from adverse impacts of hazardous materials. Given the limited number of spills and the importance of responding quickly, interagency coordination of reporting and response is essential for success. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Increase Public Grounding Notification Public notification of groundings can be increased through more centralized, accessible notification methods, and public education and outreach. Notification methods could include creating a �grounding hotline� with a central government agency as the enforcement dispatch center. By centralizing notification methods, public confusion over what agency to contact can be reduced. Education and outreach efforts should focus on the importance of grounding notification and awareness of notification methods (i.e. the hotline). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical Damage; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Transportation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Develop Chain of Notification for Grounding Incidents This option advocates coordinating with other agencies such as FWC, NOAA, and local coral managers to determine the standard protocol and responsibilities when there are groundings. Through coordination, these agencies can determine threshold levels of damage for different responses and for notifying other agencies higher up the chain. Enhancing inter-agency coordination will be beneficial in terms of dealing with groundings because it will allow the problem to be fixed in a more time-efficient manner. Having a centralized grounding notification system is the first step of this management option, as it ensures all incidents pass through a single agency to determine further actions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Natural Resource Injury Incident Litigation This management option involves sharing information and documentation regarding an injury incident so that litigation teams can proceed with legal action against responsible parties. This is achieved through providing vessel grounding litigation management participation in order to process the information collected during assessment phase of injury to help build a case against the responsible party. Also, it involves providing vessel grounding litigation case management support through providing reports, site reconnaissance, deposition, and witness testimonies in support of litigation. Lastly it would involve documenting and tracking costs along the way from field assessment work, reporting, etc. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Contact Uses; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies; Valuation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Mass Coral Bleaching Events There are several actions managers can take to prepare for and respond to bleaching events. These strategies typically focus on developing and communicating reliable information about the bleaching event and its impacts, rather than providing a "cure." Developing a Bleaching response plan in advance allows managers to respond more effectively during these rapid onset events. Predicting the risk and severity of bleaching events can allow for more timely yet credible information for decision makers. After the bleaching event it is important to quickly access the ecological impacts for further management decisions. Bleached coral are in a vulnerable state, and are therefore less resilient to degraded water quality, physical damage from recreation, or pressure from fishing activities. This heightened sensitivity means that current protections may need to be increased temporarily following a bleaching event. Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching.

Atmospheric Emissions; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Climate Regulation; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Collaborate with Towing & Salvage Operators in Grounding Notification This option advocates the establishment of rapport between local operators and regulatory agencies. This is achieved through regular meetings and training sessions to emphasize the importance of operator cooperation in regards to vessel groundings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Large Ships; Military; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical Damage; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries form Derelict Vessels Semi- permanent/permanent vessels can have a negative impact on the surrounding local environment both due to the effects of shade and from the direct contact with the substrate. Sunken vessels that cannot be seen from the surface may present a danger to navigation. Derelict vessels that do not remain stationary may cause harm in multiple locations before becoming stationary. If fishing gear is still intact, it may cause further biological damage through "ghost fishing� (#283). Early response, creating mooring fields, pump-out stations, and providing support for removing derelict vessels, reduces the impact of these vessels. Also, the removal of intrusive vessels will help contribute to the restoration of reef areas to previous conditions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Military; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Stony Coral; Substrate; Transportation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Coastal Construction & Development This involves assessing coral, seagrass, and hard bottom substrate that is impacted during coastal construction repair or alternation. If unacceptable damages are occurring this information will be useful in future permit decision making. If infringements have occurred, this information may be useful for compensatory mitigation and liability for restoration of those natural resources injured. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Ports & Harbors; Reef Habitat; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Special Use Permitting; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Large Vessel Achoring Damage from freighter anchor is extreme due to the mere weight and size of the anchor and chain. The chain can even be more damaging as it drags along the benthic environment leaving behind catastrophic ruin. This management response would encourage the creation of restoration and monitoring methodologies in shallow reef areas as well as at greater depths. If unacceptable damages are occurring restrictions and regulations prohibiting the use of anchors in high risk areas should be instituted. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Cruise Ships; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Transportation; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Natural Physical Disturbance There are currently no standardized or uniform protocols to follow after natural or catastrophic events (such as hurricanes). Such protocols need to be developed in order to respond to specific issues that follow catastrophic natural events. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Vessel Groundings This option involves assessing conditions and responding, as well as developing methodologies and protocols for coral dominated substrate, seagrass substrate, and mixed substrate. These protocols will help to determine how much damage has been done to the non-living coral framework. Ultimately, fine-tuning these protocols will allow for the most effective assessments. Evaluate these in light of current grounding regulations (#34). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Policies; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Stony Coral; Wetlands
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Assist Direct Contact & Intervention Programs Programs such as Team OCEAN and Professional Guides Association should be assisted by existing protected areas and sanctuaries. These already-existing programs can be assisted through providing technical support, data, advice, vessels, and/or equipment. Assisting pre-existing programs is useful because it helps to strengthen and expand their missions, and it also prevents unnecessary duplication of efforts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop and Maintain Database for Tracking Restoration, Repairs, and Monitoring Activities This response involves adapting NOAA�s Damage Assessment Center�s seagrass injury assessment team component to local management areas. If previously established, the management option # 165, will allow this data to be compared to previously collected baseline data such as that collected with management option #164. This would also allow for comparisons across different types of data, such as use changes, that would be contained in a #166. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Pressures; Remediation; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop an Ecological Information System Spatial and temporal information about ecological resources should be incorporated into an existing local GIS or database. Information should include benthic habitats, species distributions and life histories, water quality, etc. These will act as baseline data for ecological monitoring. If previously established, the management option #165, will allow this data to be combined with updated data from other inventory management options such as #76, and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option #85 or 165. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Climate; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Reef Habitat; Reef Life
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop and Maintain Vessel Grounding Database This management approach would involve refining and maintaining a vessel grounding database and adequate staffing for on-going management, GIS processing of archived data, creating products for management case tracking, and developing a database that is user-friendly and useful. If previously established, the management option #165, will allow this data to be combined with similar data from other inventory management options such as #95, and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option #85. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Transportation Policies
Data Management & Decision Tools: Research and Model Causal Linkage Between Pollutants and Ecological Impact This involves conducting research to identify and document causal linkages between discharge water pollutants and specific, quantifiable ecological problems. The natural environment naturally assimilates some pollutants, but has thresholds for this type of contaminant processing. Different hydrology, biology and spatial/temporal factors are all going to play a roll in the linkage between pollutants and ecological problems, meaning modeling and risk assessment can be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Sewage Treatment; Stormwater Management; Sunscreen Use; Supporting Services; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop Systems Framework A systems framework can serve several research purposes. These can act as conceptual starting points for modeling. Frameworks can act as starting points for brainstorming and discussion of topics. Systems frameworks are particularly useful for identifying indirect relationships and overcoming boundaries between individual disciplines. Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach
Data Management & Decision Tools: Establish a Standardized Data Management Protocol This management option involves creating a management protocol to standardize the way investigators manage data. This will be achieved by creating a single approach to maintaining, storing, and accessing digital data. With research shifting from single organisms to the entire ecosystem, integrating multiple databases is extremely beneficial. The database needs to be a dynamic, distributed system for annual data gathering and archiving. With different types of data often coming from different sources, it is very important to have standard processes for tracking meta-data as well. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Reef Life
Data Management & Decision Tools: Conduct a Modeling Workshop Conducting a workshop can be useful to discuss modeling approaches, develop preliminary conceptual models, and define specific information needs for models. There are decision tools to choose from other than traditional models, and many different modeling approached to choose from, making this type of workshop both an outreach effort, and an effort to collaborate. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical & Chemical Environment; Reef Life; Scientific Research; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Modeling Plan This would involve developing an overall plan for new predictive models focused on management needs. The plan will include discussion of preliminary conceptual models, data needs, data gathering, and model development and refinement. Models may incorporate both abiotic and biotic environmental factors. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Physical & Chemical Environment; Public Administration; Reef Life; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Geographic Information System Incorporating Satellite and Aerial Images This option involves the acquisition of high-resolution, low altitude photos of management areas and grounding hotspots. These photos can then be used for baseline documentation for natural resource litigation, research, and management decisions. If these images are to be incorporated into larger geodatabase, such as that proposed in # 166, a standardized protocol should be developed in advance, as suggested in management option #166. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Geodatabase A Geodatabase combines several GIS layers into one singular geospatial database. This allows for different resources and uses to be compared spatially and temporally. A standardized protocol, such as #165, is necessary when combined different types of data from different sources. Attention to and record keeping of meta-data if very important. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Resource Site Database Local managers could maintain a central database containing information about geological, biological and cultural marine resources. Standardized meta-data should be included for each entry site such as name, position, age, integrity, historical and cultural significance, sensitivity, and recreational value. This data can be incorporated with other data, such as census data or landuse data, into GIS in order to interpret relationships #166. This would combine efforts of multiple management options such as #164, and #81 into one consolidated place. Management options such as #76 & #75 could be incorporated to track changes to these sites over time. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management
Data Management & Decision Tools: Maintain the Maritime Heritage Resources inventory Volunteers can help maintain the heritage resources inventory through collecting existing information, locating unrecorded sites, recording and documenting sites, assessing site significance, and developing sites for improved public access. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Design and Distribute Sanctuary Brochures This management option involves printing out brochures with up-to-date information regarding the sanctuary. Information should be periodically review, updated, and refined/reprinted. Brochures should also be made available on the sanctuary website. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Environmental Education & Outreach
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Establish VHF Radio Stations The local sanctuary staff should work to secure a VHF radio station dedicated to provide information about local boating and water activities in multiple languages. Broadcast messages can include, but are not limited to information about regulations, navigation, resources, weather, and reef conditions. This will help prevent boaters, divers, and fishermen from negatively affecting the ecosystem. Assessments regarding cost and target audience areas must be conducted and external funding pursued to supplement the expense. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Print Marine Etiquette on Marine-Related Products Packaging Printing information on marine-related products regarding proper marine etiquette could be a possibility for raising awareness and improving public stewardship. Partnerships will be explored to help print etiquette information on materials such as bait boxes, ice bags, water buckets, etc. that are commonly used by stakeholders. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Produce the FK Environmental Education Resource Directory This option involves creating a directory that lists all natural and cultural resources in the local sanctuary and descriptions of groups/agencies involved with the resources. This directory will be regularly updated/edited. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Responses
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Multilingual Education and Outreach Materials All forms of information regarding local sanctuary activities should be provided in multiple languages to better inform and educate patrons about environmental issues, stewardship skills, and other information. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop and Maintain Sanctuary Website Marine sanctuary areas can create a website as an educational tool, providing information regarding new issues, educational resources, volunteer opportunities, and current initiatives such as research, restoration projects, or policy changes. If a website is already in use, it should be maintained and updated with new information, resources, and technologies to enhance effectiveness and visitation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Audio-Visual Presentations Staff of sanctuaries should create audio-visual presentations that are appropriate for specific age groups and targeted audiences. Videos may be short and instructional, or much longer and descriptive regarding more specific details about the sanctuary and resources. These presentations should be collected and catalogued, allowing for adaptation for re-use. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Environmental Education & Outreach
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Eco-Discovery Centers in Reef Sanctuary Areas Establishing low-cost, Eco-discovery centers would help educate visitors and residents about marine protected and managed areas. The Eco-discovery center will act as an initial orientation, informing visitors of education programs offered locally (#107), and acting as a source of information and resources (volunteer opportunities (#98), newsletter (#112) sign-up, brochure distribution (#111), etc.). Interactive exhibits (#123) and events at these locations will help to increase awareness and involvement of both visitors and residents. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Educational Materials Producing educational materials such as CD-ROMS, posters, videos, and information sheets is beneficial for informing the public regarding reef health. Collaborations should be made to produce and disseminate such materials, and if the materials have been produced previously, evaluations should be made regarding the material�s effectiveness. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Environmental Atlas for the Sanctuary This option involves collaboration with agencies such as NOAA, DEP, and other regional agencies to develop color atlases that reveal information regarding habitat types, populations, hurricane paths, and other environmental and social themes. Much of this information can be obtained from (#85) and (#166). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Information Booths for Trade Shows and Festivals This option encourages local reef sanctuary staff to attend trade shows and local festivals and set up a booth with brochures, information, and photos regarding sanctuary resources. Such participation will enhance public education regarding local reef resources and education staff will evaluate which festivities would be the most optimum to attend and participate in (in order to be efficient with sanctuary funds). Specific trade shows, such as dive shows, should allow for a more targeted audience. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Interactive Interpretive Exhibits Interpretive exhibits combine an array of information types (pictures, sounds, interactive activities etc.) in an easy to understand, relevant way to visitors. On-water and on-land interpretive exhibits for maritime heritage resources and sanctuaries are helpful at increasing public knowledge/awareness of reefs. Interpretive exhibits can be established near the site of the resource (#126), in permanent (#131) or used as a traveling tool for (#127), and (#130). Such exhibits are beneficial as they allow for schools, the community, and tourists see resources first-hand and learn why they are important, at their leisure and without requiring a staff member to present the information. Expanding already-created exhibits is important to continue to draw in crowds and to continue to add/increase public knowledge and stewardship. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Washburne, R. and Wagar, J. 2010. Evaluating Visitor Response to Exhibit Content. Curator: The Museum Journal 15:248-256.

Veverka, J. The Key to Successful Heritage Tourism Marketing Planning and Program Design. Interpretive Communication Accessed 7/7/2011.

Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Tourism & Recreation
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Mobile Displays Developing mobile displays for conventions (#135)), trade shows (#108), and educational courses is important to communicate information through pre-established educational opportunities. Support for display development can be arranged through grant funding, and design can be accomplished through utilizing volunteer staff. Much of the information for the display can be gathered from less mobile exhibits/signs, and pre-existing brochures/pamphlets. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Washburne, R. and Wagar, J. 2010. Evaluating Visitor Response to Exhibit Content. Curator: The Museum Journal 15:248-256.

Cultural Policies; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Outreach with the Tourism Development Council Collaborating with the Tourism Development Council allows for more specific targeting of tourists and visitors for resource management outreach. Tourists and visitors are less familiar with local ecosystems and are therefore more prone to unintentionally damaging the environment or defying policies and regulations. The Tourism Development Council is also an important stakeholder to consider, in coastal zone management. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Roadside Signs Roadside signs and billboards in local reef watershed areas should be created to inform travelers that they are entering/exiting the reef watershed. Partnerships should be explored to create multi-logo signs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Wayside Exhibits/Signs Creating wayside exhibits is an easy way to inform the public about sanctuary resources, policies, and boundaries. Wayside exhibits can be signs displayed at popular fishing and recreation areas. Coordination and collaboration among local, state, and federal agencies is essential to ensure there is not duplication in efforts, over-signage, and that consistent information is provided. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop, and Implement New Technologies for Educational Resources New technologies should be researched, developed, and adopted for sanctuary educational materials. They should be evaluated before they are adopted. Sanctuaries must make their educational materials available through technologies that the public is currently using. For example, mobile applications could allow visitors to access relevant information while recreating, where older technologies such as websites would be more difficult to access. Such technologies can also be used as decision tools for the public, tracking their use of reef resources to show the user what impact their total activities may have and opportunities to improve that. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Distribute Educational Materials at Visitor Booths/Displays Visitor booths at visitor centers, rental car agencies, airports, and chambers of commerce could hold an array of educational materials and brochures (#111) for walk-in visitors. Locations frequented by tourists are excellent targets for these booths and displays, as visitors are often less knowledgeable of the local ecosystems and the policies governing them. Materials should also be multilingual to enhance their effectiveness. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Provide Interpretive Information Targeted information should be provided and interpreted for media, interest groups, periodicals, publications, and environmental organizations. This information may be about available programs/resources, research findings, policy changes, statistics, avoidance techniques, legal/financial consequences etc. This information should be provided specifically for these groups in such a way to best enhance public understanding regarding reef resources. It is important to interpret this information for these user groups, as this will help them convey the often technical information to the public. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Distribute a Sanctuary Newsletter The sanctuary should produce a regular newsletter that is outlined in terms of target audience, purpose, messages, and distribution. Such newsletters could be mailed, provided online via e-mail and the sanctuary website, and be available in displays (#130). This newsletter will help inform the public about recent reef activities, research, policy changes, volunteer opportunities etc. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Environmental Education & Outreach
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Distribute Information in Utility Bills, and Vessel Registration Distributing pertinant information through these pre-channels allows more efficient targeting of the public for relevant information. Information that is important for local residents, such as changes in policies or sanctuary activities in the area can be distributed with utility bills. This is also a great method for distributing best practices information, educating the public on how their activities in and around their residence can impact coral reef ecosystems. Vessel registration is an excellent method for distributing boating regulations and best practices to those that actually own boats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Discharge Controls: Survey and Manage Household Chemical Use This management option targets household indoor and outdoor chemical use (pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, cleaners, detergents, solvents, etc). Though these chemicals are typically used in small amounts, many make their way into the watershed because of improper use. Before designing a plan to manage these chemicals, data must be gathered from the local community through surveys. An ideal survey would gather information on what chemicals are being used, how they are used, and how they are disposed of. Enforcing proper use and disposal is very difficult, making a strong education program in response to findings from the study essential. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Culture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Housing; Improved Technology; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Controls; Shelter; Textiles & Apparel; Toxics
Discharge Controls: Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards Effluent Toxicity is considered the aggregate toxic effect to aquatic organisms from all pollutants contained in a facility's wastewater (effluent). It is one part of the Water Quality Standards (#22) that prohibits the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts. Numerical criteria can be adopted from the Clean Water Act of based on scientifically-defensible methods. In addition to setting this numerical criteria, enforcement of the standards requires inspection programs and monitoring. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Improved Technology; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal
Dissemination of Findings: Report Monitoring and Research Results It is important to disseminate data and information gathered to collaborators and the wider scientific community. This can be accomplished through publication, such as journals (#161) or other networks (#159). It is important to share this data with other government agencies as well (#92). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Dissemination of Findings: Support Journal Publication This management option involves sponsoring the publication of journals that contain peer-reviewed scientific research. For sanctuaries this can be an excellent place to publish reports and research that used sanctuary areas or resources. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biotechnology Research & Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Scientific Research
Dissemination of Findings: Distribute Periodic Sanctuary Health Reports The management option involves creating monitoring/condition reports on the health of the sanctuary and reef that is released for the public. The findings can be released through newsletters, presentations, reports, publications, and other written and oral methods. Criteria reported on typically include water quality, critical habitats, and species of particular interest. These reports will ultimately help reveal the effectiveness of marine protections and policies based on the conditions researched. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation
Dissemination of Findings: Participate in Conferences Conferences are beneficial as a means to garner and disseminate new information, technology, and methods. Conferences also serve as a networking opportunity to communicate with potential collaborators. Participation in local, state, and federal conferences by sanctuary staff is very important to reach out to the broader coral reef community. Sponsoring conferences would allow scientists and researchers to keep abreast of findings and ongoing research within the local sanctuary. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Scientific Research
Dissemination of Findings: Develop an Information Exchange Network This management option involves developing a compendium of current and ongoing research that should be updated on a regular basis. This is important as it allows for collaborators to share information and resources. This type of exchange helps to maximize gains in economies of scale and reduce duplication of efforts. Decision tools such as inventories and databases can often be adapted for this use. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Scientific Research
Economic Markets & Policy: Regulate International Trade of Reef Species Many coral reef species are harvested internationally for a variety of markets including the aquarium trade, food, curios, jewelry and pharmaceuticals. The US is the largest importer for many of these markets. The US strictly limits extraction of stony coral and many reef species in its waters; but as a major importer and consumer of coral reef species, more actions can be taken to decrease the demand on international imports. Setting and enforcing regulations on what can be imported (such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CITES) is one approach that has been taken. More information is needed, leaving room to collect trade data and assess the impacts of extraction techniques to find sustainable methods. Demand for species collected this way will be increased with greater transparency to consumers, which can be accomplished through certifications for environmentally cognoscente collectors and those using alternatives like aquaculture and coral farming. Continued participation in Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is also beneficial. U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. International Trade in Coral and Coral Reef Species: The Role of the United States. Report of the Trade Subgroup of the International Working Group to the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, Washington, D.C.

World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Designate Protected Species; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Products; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Political Pressure; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Sponges; Stony Coral; Toxics; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Economic Markets & Policy: Create Alternative Livelihoods For Fishermen Many fishermen rely on their catch as their family�s main source of income. When restrictions are placed on fishing it can be to the economic detriment of these fishermen. By creating alternative means of earning income for these fishermen, social and economic goals are accomplished while decreasing pressures on natural fish populations. These alternatives often come in the form of aquaculture, which helps to still meet the demand for fish. Another common alternative is tourism; fishermen can use their knowledge and equipment such as boats to accommodate tourism and recreational fishing. All Islands Coral Reef Committee. Local Action Strategies. United States Coral Reef Task Force Accessed 6/13/2011.

Sumaila, U.R., William W. L. Cheung and Louise The. 2007. Rebuilding Hong Kong's marine fisheries: an evaluation of management options. FCRR 2007, Vol. 15(3), Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Health; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Social Assistance; Tourism & Recreation
Energy Policy & Development: Cable and Pipeline Construction Assessments Pre-assessments must be conducted to ensure pipelines and cables buried on the ocean floor will not disrupt or destroy natural or cultural resources. Reach Networks Hong Kong Ltd. 2007. Project Profile: Asia-America Gateway (AAG) Cable Network, South Lantau. Wanchai, Hong Kong SAR.

Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Pipeline Maintenance Requirements The best way to ensure a high level of safety and reliability in operation of pipelines is to have a maintenance and inspection plan in place that targets damage, degradation or defects before they lead to failures. Economically, expenditures for maintenance and inspection are significantly less than those for emergency service in reaction to unforeseen situations. However, legislative requirements for plans, procedures and documentation ensures compliance with these best management practices. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Pipeline Maintenance Best Practices: Lessons Learned from the Natural Gas STAR Program. Charlotte (North Carolina).

United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators� Association. 2006. UKOPA Recommendations for Pipeline Maintenance and Inspection. UKOPA/06/0032,

Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA.

Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Maintenance and Use Regulations There are regulated procedures and documentation required during production operations to prevent major incidents that may harm workers or the environment. A major part of incident prevention is inspection and maintenance. Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig End of Life As oil production at a given offshore site decreases it becomes necessary to decommission the rigs that were drilling them. It is very expensive to dismantle and transport the rigs back to shore. One such well know case was Shell's Brent Spar 1995. Regulations on the end of life for oil rigs differ by country and even state within the US. The Minerals Management Service has a Rigs-to-Reefs program which supports and encourages the reuse of oil and gas structures for offshore artificial reef developments. If these structures are to be sunk as artificial reefs the normal permit requirements for artificial reefs still apply to ensure the structure will not interfere with navigation channels or degrade the environment. Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Construction Regulations The Minerals Management Service (MMS) has several requirements for leasing and permits for construction of new drilling rigs and platforms. Placement is very important so as to not interfere with other uses or the environment. These permits also cover exploratory structures for research and test sites. Minerals Management Service. 2006. Leasing Oil and Natural Gas Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Offshore Wind and Hydrokinetic Alternative Energies Policies encouraging or authorizing construction of offshore facilities are evolving, and there are many sides to the issue of how to best manage them. Alternative energies are desirable and would reduce the dependence on fossil fuel resources. However, hydrokinetic technologies are just becoming viable, meaning long term impacts are still unknown. Facilitative policies reduce barriers for alternative energy development or increase barriers or costs for incumbent technologies. These include research and innovation policies, technology improvement subsidies, market based policies that internalize externalities, and regulatory changes that simplify the permitting process. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy.

Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Seawater Flow; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies
Enforcement: Enforce Statues, Regulation and Permit Requirements This option ensures compliance with statues, regulations, and permit requirements. This is accomplished through intensive on-site patrols by authorized law enforcement officers. Agencies at the state level as well as NOAA can assist with enforcement. For success, it is important that law enforcement be trained in the compliance requirements of other agencies (e.g. Marine Heritage Resource (MHR) permitting compliance). A standardized training program to help better ensure cross- deputization of enforcement agencies would be necessary. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Dredging Regulations; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting
Enforcement: Interpretive Enforcement Interpretive enforcement, sometimes called �soft� or positive enforcement, refers to approaches geared towards encouraging widespread voluntary compliance with laws, rules and regulations. Interpretive enforcement is based on the premise that most people, once informed about MPA regulations, want to do the right thing. This is the greatest level of compliance because it advocates understanding and public support of goals for reef management. The main objective of this management action is to increase public understanding of the importance to comply with regulations, achieve voluntary compliance, and promote public stewardship of historical and cultural marine resources through interpretive enforcement. Strategies that can help achieve these goals include developing special training programs, organizing events, implementing social marketing, targeting indigenous learning systems and changing cultural value systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture, and Department of the Interior and Local Government. 2001. Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook No. 8 Coastal Law Enforcement. No.8 Coastal Law Enforcement, Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cebu City, Philippines.

National Marine Sanctuaries. 2005. MPAs and Enforcement. Module 7, NOAA.

Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Promote and Support Environmental Education This management option requires developing education programs that increase students� understanding and knowledge of coral and other reef inhabitants. This can be facilitated through field trips, hands on experiences and by providing local schools with age-appropriate materials. Greatest success occurs with a wide reaching, well-developed network of educators, programs, and institutions. Examples of successful programs include: The Coral Reef Classroom- teaches basic reef biology and facilitates learning through water quality sampling, data collection, and analysis/evaluation. Build-An-Ocean- a program for elementary-age students that helps students learn how to identify mangroves, sea grasses, fish, and corals by "building-an-ocean" with color laminated pictures of the organisms that compose the ecosystem. Envirothons- inspire learning through competitive events and can be beneficial education tools. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Education Program. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Accessed 7/1/2011.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Life
Environmental Education: Deliver Non-Enforcement Resource Eductaion at the Resource Site Voluntary compliance (#50) is the most desirable form of site protection. Lack of compliance often occurs unintentionally, due to a lack of knowledge and understanding. Law enforcement plays a role by ensuring rules are appropriately followed, but often the preventative component of this enforcement becomes secondary, especially on high use days/areas. Volunteers can assist by answering questions and talking to people recreating about the reef, reef resources, and how to appropriately recreate. Volunteers can watch to ensure people are acting appropriately, that boaters do not go too close to shallow reefs, and that groundings do not occur. Programs such as Team OCEAN have contributed over 15,000 hours to such activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrate Harvest; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Social Organizations; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Environmental Education: Support Environmental Workshops for Educators This management option involves using environmental education workshops in order to ameliorate educator�s knowledge of the importance of corals because of their cultural and natural resource value. Local management areas can co-sponsor these efforts, and up-to-date information will always be utilized. Involvement in such workshops not only promotes coral education, but can also show educators where resources and opportunities exist through institutional collaboration. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Schools & Colleges; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Competitive Educational Funding Opportunities This response involves offering funding to teachers for field trips, scientific equipment, and reference material in support of curricula. Teachers may submit proposals for evaluation, and funding is administered on a competitive basis from a non-profit organization or a reef management area. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Schools & Colleges; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Provide mechanisms outside the law enforcement sector that can deliver resource education at the site of the resource This plan involves acquiring other personnel such as volunteers to help with resource protection through education. Volunteers can hand out brochures, answer questions, and assist boaters on high-use days/areas. Programs such as Team OCEAN have contributed over 15,000 hours to such activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Socio-Economic Drivers; Transportation; Water Transportation
Environmental Education: Experiential Reef Learning This recommended option encourages taking youth and parents to experience the reefs and learn about them firsthand. Through this interactive experience, residents and visitors can learn about the benefits of corals and their importance to fisheries, ecological health, and the economy. Oftentimes, locals never experience the reefs firsthand and never learned about their importance. This educational experience would be very beneficial because locals will become more aware of the value of coral reefs, increasing their vested interest when making decisions in everyday life that impact reef health. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation
Environmental Education: Develop Standardized Voluntary Certification Programs This management option involves coordinating with leaders of various target businesses related to diving and snorkeling, marine mammal viewing, kayaking, eco-tours, and fishing. Through collaborations with these businesses, management areas can create a voluntary certification program for employees of these businesses to learn and receive accurate information about nearby corals, the ecosystem, and how they can better protect reefs in their everyday actions. These voluntary certifications can be used to educate employees and/or to develop self-regulating standards for these businesses. Depending on the standards and curriculum, voluntary certification programs can then be used by these businesses to convey knowledge or environmentally safe practices to customers through marketing. Educating employees of these businesses helps to assure that they are disseminating accurate information to visitors. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Environmental Education: Create a Public Awareness Program This involves developing a spread of education tools like brochures (#111), newsletters (#118), displays (#127), web sites (#133) and a database (#98) to inform the public about different volunteer, education and training opportunities in regards to preserving the marine environment and maritime heritage resources. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Support Adult Environmental Education Programs This management option advocates the sponsoring and support of local reef management areas for adult, coral education programs. This education program would be used to inform community leaders, decision makers, and organized user groups through guest lectures, field trips, brochures, and support of local organizations offering adult education. This kind of education program would allow stakeholders to make more informed decisions regarding reef health and protection. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Promote Environmental Education in Local Schools Volunteers can be used to assist education and outreach staff to bring environmental education to local schools. Volunteers can do things such as: chaperone during snorkel trips, and help students with water quality testing exercises. Volunteers should be trained to correctly use educational materials and equipment. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Schools & Colleges; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Consult Partners to Increase Education and Outreach Participation and Effectiveness This option is a strategy to continue collaboration with local learning institutions, local government agencies, and education advisory boards in order to develop new ideas for education and outreach measures to enhance reef health. The activities that will result from this collaboration can include: providing information on current activities in regards to education/outreach, encouraging cooperative efforts, providing direction for the local reef management area�s education plan, preventing the duplication of efforts, promoting stewardship, and guiding the development of natural and cultural resource education products. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Support Lecture Series This option encourages coral management staff to speak at local forums to encourage greater public education regarding reef health. This involves collaborating with organizers of lecture series to take advantage of the opportunity to speak in front of an previously-organized audience. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Establishing an Maritime Heritage Resource Inventory: This approach involves creating a bibliography and computerized database in a standard format and making it publicly accessible via internet. This inventory will contain basic information for each entry site such as name, age, integrity , historical and cultural significance, sensitivity, and recreational value. Many activities would be involved in creating this inventory. These include NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Establishing an Maritime Heritage Resource Inventory: Use volunteer assistance in cultural resources inventory This plan advocates the use of volunteers to assist with collecting information, located unrecorded sites, documenting sites, etc. Volunteers can be greatly utilized for maritime heritage resources inventory. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Establishing an Maritime Heritage Resource Inventory: Conduct public participation projects inventory This plan incorporates educational institutions in order to conduct maritime heritage resources inventory projects. This way, the public is involved with inventory. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Responses
Evaluating Fishing Gear/Method Impacts: Evaluate impacts of existing fishing gear and methods on habitats Research is needed to investigate impact on habitat of commercial and recreation fishing gear and methods. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Coral; Culture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Pressures; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Evaluating Fishing Gear/Method Impacts: Conduct research on the ecological impacts on sanctuary preservation areas of baiting fishing and catch-and-release fishing by trolling It is necessary to asses the ecological effects of catch�and-release fishing by trolling and bait-fishing in order to make informed decisions regarding their provisions in protected areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Coral; Culture; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Pressures; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fishing & Harvesting Management: Research Low-impact Fishing Gear & Methods Facilitating research to develop gear designs and fishing methods that minimize impacts is multifaceted. Ideal fishing gear is selective for the target species and sizes, with negligible direct or indirect impact on non-target species, sizes and habitats; but also efficient, giving quality, high catches at the lowest possible cost. Newly developed low-impact gear allows fishermen to fulfill their needs, providing food and income, while lessening the unintended environmental impact of those activities, like by-catch. Before an agency should promote new fishing gear or methods research is important to ensure there are no un-intended environmental tradeoffs. Biodegradable fishing line, modified traps, and buoy lines are examples of gear types that could be studied. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boat Movement; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Improved Technology; Invasive Species; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Debris; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Resource Use Management; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fishing & Harvesting Management: Derelict Fishing Gear & Ghost Fishing The term "ghost fishing" is used to describe the capture of marine organisms by lost or abandoned fishing gear. This is particularly a problem with gillnets, trammel nets and pots. Gear is usually lost because it becomes stuck on rough bottoms containing corals and stones, causing the buoy line to break during retrieval. Nets or pots may continue to fish for years, with captured fish and crustaceans dying and serving as attracting bait for more fish and organisms. Ghost fishing may therefore represent a serious problem in many areas, causing hidden fishing mortality over a long period of time. This management option co-insides with (#63) Respond to Natural Resource Injuries form Derelict Vessels. Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Arthropods; Artificial Habitat; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Forestry Policy: Forestry Streamside Management Areas There are often surface waters, such as streams and lakes, within forestry areas that require special protection. This management option involves establishing and maintaining management areas (35 to 50 feet) around these surface waters to buffer against changes in temperature, increases in sediments and nutrients, and to provide bank stability. Canopy species in these areas also provide woody debris needed for instream channel structure and aquatic species habitat. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Forestry Policy: Forestry Management Planning There are many aspects to properly managing forestry sites to reduce point source and non-point source pollutants. Forestry activities can degrade water quality with several types of pollutants and impacts, including: sediment, nutrients, forest chemicals like pesticides, organic debris from tree litter, increased water temperature and increased streamflow. The Forestry management plan and practices include, but are not limited to: pre-harvest planning, road construction and use, prescribed burning and fire management, brush management, timber harvest, regeneration, and application of forest chemicals. Wetlands Forest Management has additional best practices. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Biological Harvest; Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Forestry Policy: Forest Chemical Management Pesticides and fertilizers are commonly used in forestry to reduce mortality of desired trees, improve forest production, and ease harvest/extraction. The rate of application is typically very low, but given the overall area covered, pesticides can still accumulate within watersheds. Some forest management chemical use considerations to reduce nonpoint source pollution impacts include: Develop an effective spill contingency plan to contain spills, and immediately report accidental spills into surface waters to the appropriate State agency. Prior to application, inspect the mixing and loading process and the calibration of equipment, and identify the appropriate weather conditions, the spray area, and buffer areas for surface waters. Buffer areas for surface waters are especially important for aerial applications. Carefully prescribe the type and amount of pesticides appropriate for the insect, fungus, or herbaceous species. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Provisioning Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Water Resources; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Implementing Notification and Response Protocols: Implement �Eyes on the Water� This plan would entail teaming with volunteers and education staff to develop a volunteer training program to help report groundings. Training would include: incident recognition, documentation, and notification. Possible volunteers could be pulled from Team OCEAN, Reef Medics, Mote Marine Laboratory, professional fishing guides, etc. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security & Public Administration Policies; Social Organizations; Socio-Economic Drivers
Implementing Notification and Response Protocols: Coordinate with Other Management and Enforcement Agencies to Develop Standardized Vessel Grounding and Spill-Response Protocols This plan aims to coordinate with other management and enforcement agencies to create uniform spill response and vessel grounding protocols. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Dredging Regulations; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Injury Prevention: Assist Education and Outreach This plan is to help prevent groundings. This can be achieved through providing products and information such as statistics, avoidance techniques, and legal/financial consequences. Such information would be provided for media, interest groups, periodicals, publications, and environmental organizations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers
Injury Prevention: Assist Waterway Marking/Management This management options involves reporting incidents to identify �hotspots� of seagrass and coral that have been negatively impacted by vessel groundings. This can be achieved through properly marking waterways develop regional patterns for vessel groundings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses
Injury Prevention: Foster Reef Resilience Resilience relates to how well the reef ecosystem is able to maintain key functions and processes while under abnormal pressure or stress. Two ways of supporting coral reef resilience are: incorporating known resilient areas into management design and by implementing strategies to either reinstate or protect factors that contribute to resilience, such as good environmental conditions, biological diversity, and connectivity. Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Contact Uses; Coral; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Pressures; Resource Use Management
Injury Prevention: Minimize or Eliminate Impact from , Derelict or Sunken Vessels This option intends to reduce the effects of vessel impacts through creating mooring fields, pump-out stations, and providing support for removing derelict vessels. Actions such as these are important for reducing contact and waste impacts from live-aboard vessels. Also, the removal of intrusive vessels will help contribute to the restoration of reef areas to previous conditions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Landuse Management: Mine Reclamation Lands disturbed by mining must be reclaimed to their Approximate Original Contour (AOC). Mine operators must backfill, compact, and grade in order to restore the AOC of the land with all highwalls, spoil piles, and depressions eliminated. Spoil material is prone to erosion, and may carry various disturbed toxics into groundwater if not properly managed. Temporary roads and impervious surfaces may have also been constructed for mining purposes. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC.

Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Valuation; Waterborne Discharges
Landuse Management: Temporary Road Planning and Construction This management option involves minimizing sediment discharges from forestry and other temporary roads through their planning and construction. Since these roads are seasonal or temporary, less time and effort is normally invested in construction. Road construction has four main phases, clearing, leveling, construction and surfacing. Construction timing should be targeted to avoid sensitive spawning periods and during low stream flow at water passes. Road surface drainage shaping requires proper moisture content, surfacing, and grading. Drainage should be installed to reduce the volume and velocity of runoff water passing over sensitive areas. Methods for road surface drainage include: broad-based dip construction, pole culverts, ditch relief culverts, road outsloping and grading, ditch and turnout construction. Roadway runoff should be prevented from flowing directly into watercourses by using turnouts, wing ditches and dips. Brush barriers, silt fences, riprap and filter strips can be used to trap sediment in runoff water. Where roads cross streams it is important to guard against erosion, as such erosion may necessitate road repairs. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Landuse Management: Household Landscaping Best Management Practices Homeowners manipulate the visible features of the land surrounding their home through landscaping. This includes flora, fauna, and terrain. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for landscaping include selection of indigenous flora and fauna, landscape irrigation (sprinkler systems etc), stormwater runoff BMPs, reducing water use, integrated pest management, composting, and incorporation of permeable surfaces. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Addition; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Impervious Surfaces; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shelter; Supplemental Feeding; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Marine Zoning: Existing Management Areas The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) uses this zoning category to identify areas that are managed by other agencies where restrictions already exist. These zones delineate the existing jurisdictional authority of other agencies (i.e., State parks, aquatic preserves, sanctuaries, and other restricted areas). Management of these areas within the Sanctuary may require additional regulations or restrictions to adequately protect resources. Any additional management measures will be developed and implemented in coordination with the agency having jurisdictional authority. Their function is not to establish another layer of bureaucracy, but to recognize established management areas and, at a minimum, to complement the existing management programs, ensuring cooperation and coordination with other agencies. Existing Management Areas will be maintained through revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs) This is a type of Marine Zoning used by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). SPAs focus on the protection of shallow, heavily used reefs where conflicts occur between user groups, and where concentrated visitor activity leads to resource degradation. They are designed to enhance the reproductive capabilities of renewable resources, protect areas critical for sustaining and protecting important marine species, and reduce user conflicts in high-use areas. This is accomplished through a prohibition of consumptive activities within these areas. They have been chosen based on the status of important habitat, the ability of a particular area to sustain and protect the habitat, the level of visitor use, and the degree of conflict between consumptive and non-consumptive users. The actual size and location of these zones have been determined by examination of user patterns, aerial photography, and ground-truthing of specific habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artisanal Fishing; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Landscape Changes; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Small Boats; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Permitting Application & Award This management approach is important because permits assure protection and conservation of coral resources from harmful activities and practices. Within sanctuary waters, special use permits (#157) can be used to allow scientists and others to conduct necessary work while following permitting regulations to reduce the impact of that work. General permits are often required for altering land-use, construction projects and certain discharges. To be eligible for a permit, the operator may be required to conduct impact assessments, institute best management practices and conduct monitoring of the project. Though permits are a necessary precaution, the process can be streamlined through ensuring clear submittal requirements, and reducing redundancy. Redundancy often occurs when multiple agencies must approve a permit, a single point of contact and standard, inter-agency protocols can reduce unnecessary redundancy. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Impervious Surfaces; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting
Marine Zoning: Special Use Areas Special use areas are set aside for specific scientific or educational purposes. This is in order to encourage the recovery or restoration of injured or degraded resources. Also, the areas may be designated to facilitate access to, or use of, resources, and prevent other user conflicts. Special-use areas are achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts; and determining/establishing appropriate zones for high-impact or user-conflict activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Biomedical Research Policies; Complex Habitat & Resources; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health Policies; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Marine Zoning: Special Use Permit This permit allows otherwise prohibited activities to take place within sanctuaries. For example researchers may be able to perform certain activities if the research is beneficial to research and monitoring. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. Special Use Permits. National Marine Sanctuaries Accessed 6/13/2011.

Contact Uses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Marine Zoning: Develop Baseline Data Baseline surveys of existing resources need to be conducted before monitoring can begin. The surveys must be conducted in Ecological Reserves, Sanctuary Preservation Areas, and Special-Use Areas to characterize the status of important marine species and their habitats. Establishing baseline data allows for later comparisons to monitoring data to gauge changes over time and revaluate current management actions being taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Supporting Services; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) Wildlife Management Areas include bird nesting, resting, or feeding areas, turtle nesting beaches, and other sensitive habitats including shallow flats that are important feeding areas for fish. These areas seek to provide protection for endangered/threatened species or their habitats while at the same time providing opportunity for public use. Wildlife Management Areas are achieved through placing and maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; implementing management responsibilities; adjusting existing zone boundaries if needed; evaluating allowable activities within the boundaries and make changes if needed; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; monitoring the effectiveness of current zones; and revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Ecological Reserves (ERs) Ecological Reserves set aside areas with minimal human interference. These reserves aim to enhance and protect biodiversity through encompassing large, contiguous habitats. The goal of ecological reserves is to encourage spawning, nurseries, and residence areas that contribute to genetic protection of fish and marine life. Ecological Reserves can be achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Utilize fully protected marine zones as research areas For all three types of fully protected marine zones, permitted researches may conduct non-invasive experiments to address management strategies. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Contact Uses; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Special Use Permitting
Marine Zoning: Integrate Resource Information in Permits, Authorizations, or Certifications Permitting usually includes assessing the natural and cultural resources of an area. Using this previosly gathered data would aid in creating an inventory for marine resources. If previosuly established, the management option (#165), will allow this data to be combined with data from other inventory management options such as (#95), and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option (#85). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Marine Zoning: Utilize Marine Protected Areas for Research and Monitoring Research and monitoring of marine protected areas determine the degree to which the zones meet goals and objectives for protecting natural resources, as well as human-use patterns, attitudes and compliance. Once data is gathered from within the protected zone it can than be compared to comprable data from outside the protected zone, as a control. It is necessary to compile and review data on use patterns to determine where additional Special-Use Areas would be appropriate. Research in the protected area should be non-invasive. It is important to make the protected area available for external research as well. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fish; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands
Maritime Heritage Resource Research and Education: Develop Interpretive Exhibits Interpretive exhibits of archaeological sites nearby coral resources that provide information about the historical context should be established. This is an effective way to provide information to the public about MHRs in the nearby area. These can be permanent, temporary displays/exhibits. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Responses
Measuring Sanctuary Performance Over Time: Monitor existing performance measures consistently over time The sanctuary staff should conduct routine performance evaluations to collect and record data on sanctuary performance over time. Using this data staff will determine effectiveness by evaluating progress towards achievement of each action plan�s desired outcomes, and assessing the role or added value of those outcomes in the overall accomplishment of site goals and objectives. Effectiveness will be evaluated for both the local sanctuary performance measures as well as NMSP national performance measure where applicable. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers
Monitor & Research: Research Artificial Reef Siting, Size, and Materials Impact for Future Management Decisions The effects of artificial reefs on fish and invertebrate abundance and community composition and on other sanctuary resources need to be assessed. Siting and size considerations should include spatial components such as nearest natural reef, species connectivity, currents, distance to shore, expected use, hurricane occurances, etc. The longevity of artificial reefs composed of different materials needs to be evaluated and considered heavily. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce.

NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Debris; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Water Resources; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Monitor & Research: Research and Monitor Wetlands This management option involves monitoring and research of mangroves, both for biotic and abiotic factors. Some biotic factors include disease, species, invasive species, abundance, age and leaf litter. Important abiotic factors include sedimentation rates, types and causes of turbidity, and soil chemistry. The activity would document changes to the extent of mangrove vegetation by using historical aerial photography and other records. Wetland nutrient and contaminant processing productivity depends on maintaining a balance and not exceeding thresholds. There remain many unknowns in wetland restoration as to optimal capacity and how to achieve this. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; Complex Habitat & Resources; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Primary Production; Regulating Services; Scientific Research; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Monitor & Research: Research Historical Hydrology This activity involves a historical assessment of the hydrology of the surrounding water area around the sanctuary as it has affected water quality and biological communities within the sanctuary. It will clarify the role of freshwater inflows and water quality from local freshwater bodies. Also, this activity will examine the effects of structural modification and changes in quality, quantity, timing and distribution of freshwater releases from existing structures and will examine land-based practices affecting the water quality of runoff. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Develop Scientific Research Study Program Management areas can encourage scientific studies by coordinating efforts of research groups and institutions. Collaboration and integration of these scientific studies can be beneficial to both the research groups and the management area. For example, data from monitoring of restoration projects could be analyzed by an academic institution, helping to reduce the burden on funds and perhaps using data in ways outside the scope of management objectives. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Biomedical Research Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Ecosystem Services; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Schools & Colleges; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting
Monitor & Research: Survey and Collect Anecdotal Information Anecdotal information is to be solicited from experts and amateur public participation through surveys and workshops. Persons of interest include fishermen, recreational divers, recreational dive facilities, salvors and other locals with knowledge of marine resources in the area. Information they provide can help identify marine cultural and natural resources and help update resource inventory. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Products; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Water Transportation
Monitor & Research: Research Global Change This management option involves research to examine the effects of stresses associated with global change on the ecosystem. Stresses can include changes in temperature, hydrology, salinity, frequency and intensity of storms, turbidity, sea level change, and ultra violet and visible radiation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Monitor & Research: Utilize Managed Areas for Socioeconomic Research Data are needed to test hypotheses about the socioeconomic impact of marine zoning and user-group perceptions about changes in natural resources within the sanctuary area. User-group perception of changes in natural resources can be compared with quantitative ecological data to identify misconceptions and knowledge gaps. Providing funding opportunities for external scientists to conduct research in the managed area is another option. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Permitting & Zoning; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Valuation
Monitor & Research: Water Quality Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term, comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of water quality parameters. Parameters that should be measured include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, relative fluorescence, light attenuation, nutrients, chlorophyll, and alkaline phosphatase activity. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Supporting Services; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Adaptive Management By definition, adaptive management is a structured management approach that links science to decision-making, thereby improving the probability of restoration success. It provides an efficient process to address risk and uncertainty inherent within ecosystem restoration by encouraging flexible plans and designs. Monitoring (#) is an important component of adaptive management. The affect of different restoration alternatives can be seen using monitoring data, and compared against other environmental variables to determine what the best future actions are based on results of previous projects. CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Public Administration; Regulating Services; Remediation; Scientific Research; Supporting Services
Monitor & Research: Develop Innovative Monitoring Tools This management option calls for identifying and evaluating monitoring tools and methodologies used to detect pollutants and identify cause-and-effect relationships among water quality and biological resources. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Chemical Variables; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Scientific Research; Toxics
Monitor & Research: Monitor Water Temperature Extreme water temperature fluctuations can lead to bleaching and disease in corals and mass mortality of seagrass. Recording thermographs are deployed throughout the sanctuary area to monitor seawater temperatures. Temperatures fluctuate greatly, meaning monitoring should be continued long term, and that historic data must be considered to discern trends. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Atmospheric Emissions; Climate; Climate Regulation; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Sea Temperatures
Monitor & Research: Fisheries Sampling Improved fisheries sampling programs require improving the spatial resolution of commercial and recreation fisheries-dependent and fisheries-independent sampling programs to provide statistics on catch and effort. Improved sampling can be achieved through evaluating and enhancing census programs by using smaller sampling areas. Also, fishery pre-recruitment monitoring efforts should be continued for long-term prediction of fishery stocks. Last, investigating life histories of fishery species needs to be conducted because it is currently a gap. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Apex Fish Predators; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Herbivorous Fish
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Monitor & Research: Continue Stakeholder Research It is beneficial to support monitoring and research projects that are developed by stakeholders because these present an opportunity to directly engage constituents in sanctuary resource issues and to increase understanding of the ecosystem. Sanctuaries can provide support in the form of helping to coordinate activities, assisting with field work, issuing research permits, assisting with identifying potential funding sources, and providing letters of support for grant proposals. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Monitor & Research: Detect and Respond to Episodic Events Sanctuaries should have centralized information about algal blooms, fish kills, large patches of discolored water, and other unusual episodes to determine whether a management action would be appropriate. For such decisions to be made in a timely fashion, monitoring data must be consistently collected and updated in the information system #203. This monitoring information can than be added to a #166, where models like those planned out in #207 can determine the degree of threat and where it may spread. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Fish; Physical Variables
Monitor & Research: Research Queen Conch Reproduction and Restoration Inshore Queen Conch may be experiencing reproductive failure. Research on various snails in other parts of the world has shown that snails are susceptible to endocrine disruption caused by various anthropogenic contaminants. This activity will determine the cause of reproductive failure, possibly by endocrine disruption, of queen conch in reef areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Applied Chemicals; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Recreational Fishing; Reef Inhabitants; Snails & Conch; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Monitor Sanctuary Use Patterns and Resource Value This management option seeks to provide data and analysis of consumptive and non-consumptive use of all natural resources within sanctuary borders. Special emphasis is to be placed on artificial and natural reef resources used by residents and visitors. Wherever possible, market and non-market values of these resources should be elicited as well. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Services; Economic Markets & Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Monitor & Research: Integrate Volunteer Monitoring Program Monitoring by trained volunteers yields useful, cost-effective data that provides positive engagement for a variety of stakeholders. Such existing programs include The Ocean Conservancy, Atlantic Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment, and the Dolphin Ecology Project. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Reef Life; Scientific Research; Social Organizations
Monitor & Research: Monitor Use Patterns on Artificial and Natural Reefs This management option seeks to provide data for decisions concerning creating new artificial reefs. Use data is important because justification for artificial reefs extends from their ability to shift use pressures (diving, fishing, etc.) from natural reefs. Once an artificial reef is decided on there is much more data to collect and factors to consider when deciding where the artificial reef (#189). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Defense; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing Sector; Military; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Valuation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Monitor & Research: Create a Maritime Heritage Resource (MHR) Field Unit A Maritime Heritage Resource (MHR) field unit would be developed to conduct field research and coordinate permitted research activities. Training is an important aspect of developing such a field unit, as improper field work can be very destructive to MHR sites. Additional funding may be needed to involve external underwater archaeological research experts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Incentives; Security & Public Administration Policies
Professional Development of Education and Outreach Staff: Attend conferences Conferences are beneficial because they are a main way that new technologies, methodologies, and information are shared among educators. Participation in local, state, and federal conferences by sanctuary management staff is very important to reach out to education community. Local conferences should be participated in as much as possible. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Integrate Volunteer Support For GIS Volunteers work with sanctuary management staff using GIS software to provide managers with information and photographs. Often such volunteers will come from educational institutions, as these projects require an existing knowledge and familiarity with GIS. Such projects are well suited for such volunteers or internships as they can often be seen to completion and provide the participant with real world application of their skills, often fulfilling requirements of their institution. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Train Volunteers Continuing volunteer training programs for general public involvement in research, documentation, and management is important to protect natural and maritime heritage resources. These same training programs also add value to the participants experience, as they are learning while volunteering. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Assist Dolphin Ecology Project This volunteer program photographs individual dolphins for identification, observes the activities of the dolphins, samples environmental parameters, and identifies and measures the abundance of important dolphin prey. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Marine Vertebrates; Physical & Chemical Environment; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Whales & Dolphins
Public Participation: Assist Florida Keys Watch Volunteers participating in this program help collect seawater samples and environmental data. Florida Keys Watch help to assist scientific studies conducted by universities, agencies, and other institutions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Scientific Research
Public Participation: Coordinate with Trained Volunteer Programs Trained volunteer programs have volunteers that may be experienced with vessel navigation and operation, snorkeling, or SCUBA. An example of a trained volunteer program is Reef Medics. This program is hands-on and often assists with the Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary. These programs can be helpful in restabilization efforts and monitoring repaired sites. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Assist Marine Ecosystem Event Response and Assessment MEERA This volunteer program seeks to provide early detection and assessment of biological events occurring in sanctuaries and surrounding waters. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach
Public Participation: Coordinate the Adopt-A-Reef Program This program encourages local dive operators and volunteer divers to �adopt� a reef within the sanctuary and make species trips to the site to maintain the reef. Volunteers remove trash, fishing lines, and debris. Divers will be properly trained on how to clean the reefs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) and The Ocean Conservancy. 2005. Good Environmental Practices: Underwater Clearnup. CORAL RP-103:2002,

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Volunteer Recruitment This option increases support for volunteers and their activities. Volunteers should be recruited based on their skills and placed according to their experiences, interests, and qualifications. Volunteers should be trained and oriented so they will be familiar with the management area and feel appreciated. To be successful, volunteer programs need to provide safety, and place volunteers in a worthwhile, meaningful job positions. Volunteer projects can then be evaluated based on effectiveness and communication should be kept with volunteers through phone calls, letters, and e-mail. Though volunteer positions are typically unpaid, funding would need to be provided from a variety of sources in order to support efforts. Potential programs and internships should be identified and created in order to enhance the program. Partnerships with local educational institutions can be very beneficial for recruiting volunteers. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Implement and Assist "Eyes On the Water" Program Programs such as Eyes On the Water allow dive-boat captains, crew, and other professionals to act as sanctuary eyes and ears; ensuring people are acting in accordance with reef restrictions and regulations. These programs are also useful for reporting groundings. Such programs require teaming with volunteers and education staff to develop volunteer training on incident recognition, documentation, and notification. Volunteers could be recruited from Team OCEAN, Reef Medics, Mote Marine Lab, professional fishing guides, etc. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Integrate Volunteer Assistance in Facilities Maintenance Volunteers can assist management staff with routine marine and dock maintenance, mooring buoy installation, repair, and cleaning; vehicle and boat maintenance, ground maintenance, and storage and dock cleaning. This allows for management staff that would have been performing these tasks to perform other tasks. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Conduct Public Forums This option ensures public involvement in local reef management area decisions/events. Holding public forums on an as needed basis will encourage dialogue between management staff and stakeholders. During these forums reef staff can present information to help better educate the public through the forum as well as answering questions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Public Administration
Public Participation: Assist Local Volunteer Organizations This management approach encourages collaboration with local volunteer organizations that have missions similar to the coral management area. This way, the sanctuary is working efficiently with other groups to help accomplish the same goals instead of wasting resources trying to accomplish the same ends. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Social Organizations
Public Participation: Assist Marine Animal Rescue Activities There are many volunteers in marine areas that will help rescue distressed animals. Volunteers assist with reducing pain and suffering of marine animals, provide first aid, derive maximum scientific and education benefits from the live and dead marine mammals, and collect high-quality data. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Services; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Marine Vertebrates; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Assist Wild Bird Rehabilitation Many wildlife rescue organizations help and respond to injured birds including marine birds like sea gulls, pelicans, egrets, herons, osprey, and eagles. Collaborations with such organizations can be mutually beneficial as organization volunteers learn from training received from sanctuary staff. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Birds; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Assist Queen Conch Restoration Activities Volunteers assist with raising juvenile queen conchs at a hatchery located at Keys Marine Lab through this volunteer program. They also locate and tag wild, adult conchs for population and reproduction studies. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Molluscs; Snails & Conch; Social Organizations
Public Participation: Assist Reef and Coastal Cleanups Reef and coastal cleanups are organized by a network of environmental and civic organizations, government agencies, industries, and individuals. These efforts help to educate the public on marine debris issues and how to help reduce debris along beaches. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) and The Ocean Conservancy. 2005. Good Environmental Practices: Underwater Clearnup. CORAL RP-103:2002,

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Debris
Public Participation: Assist Reef Ecosystem Condition RECON RECON trains volunteer divers to collect information about the reef environment, health of stony corals, presence of key reef organism, and human-induced impacts. The goal of RECON is to broaden knowledge of bottom-dwelling organisms on reefs. They also act as an alert system when there are abnormal and possibly harmful conditions present on the reefs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical & Chemical Environment; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Security & Public Administration Policies; Social Organizations; Stony Coral
Public Participation: Assist Reef Environmental Education Foundation REEF This program uses recreation divers who conduct fish biodiversity and abundance survey in the Keys and the Caribbean. This surveys work towards contributing to The Great Annual Fish Count. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fish; Scientific Research; Social Organizations
Public Participation: Assist Save the Manatee Club Volunteers are active in helping to remove monofilament line. This is especially dangerous to manatees. Volunteers from Save the Manatees can help with education and monitoring in the local coral management area. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Debris; Marine Vertebrates; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Assist Sea Turtle Activities Sea turtles are protected under the Endangered Species Act. Volunteers protect and preserve sea turtles and their habitats. Volunteers will do an array of tasks including monitoring known and potential nesting beaches, marking and recording the location of nests, and documenting nest success. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Vertebrates; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Sea Turtles
Public Participation: Assist Seafood Watch Assist Seafood Watch and other sustainable seafood consumption initiatives, in their efforts to educate the public and promote sustainable seafood. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

SeafoodWatch. 2005. Sustainable Seafood Business Practices. Monteray Bay.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Sectors Filling Human Needs
Public Participation: Manage Public Participation Projects Public participation projects have significant potential; they not only address the project goals but also encourage public stewardship for important marine resources. Long term public projects require continued involvement, guidance and encouragement to reach project completion. Developing an inventory/database (#98) can be important for successful management of multiple projects. The public cannot participate in such projects if they are not aware of them, so effective marketing (#86) is an essential component of public participation management. Many of these tasks can be performed by volunteers. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies; Social Organizations
Regulatory Review and Development: Change Salvaging & Towing Practices This option seeks to protect natural resources and reduce damage resulting from improper vessel salvage methods. In the past, salvage techniques have caused collateral damage when removing vessels grounded on the reef. These injuries often occur in the immediate area surrounding the grounded vessel but can be avoided with the use of proper salvage techniques developed with reef resources in mind. The principal causes of collateral injuries are dragging a vessel off the reef instead of floating it off; the use of steel towing cables that can drop on or drag across the substrate, impacting and dislodging resources (reef structure, corals, and sponges); and propwash and surge, generated by tugboat propellers, that displace sediment and dislodge organisms. To avoid or minimize collateral injuries, a reconnaissance survey should be conducted while the vessel is grounded to evaluate reef resources in the immediate area surrounding the vessel and determine an appropriate extraction route. Bunker fuel and cargo may need to be offloaded. Floating or buoyed towlines should be used instead of steel cables, and towing activities should be conducted at or near high tide to facilitate floating the vessel. Before and during the extraction, global positioning system (GPS) coordinates at the bow and stern of the vessel should be recorded to assist with future injury assessment. GPS tracking should be operating on the grounded vessel during egress from the site and on all salvage vessels or tugboats involved with the salvage operation. The outbound path for vessel extraction may also need to be buoyed, to help avoid or identify injuries that may occur during the salvage operation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Trampling; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Change Personal Watercraft & Other Small Vessels Practices This activity would aim to reduce noise and pollution, and conflicts among PWC users, the resources, and Sanctuary users. Practices could be changed through requiring certain training to drive such vessels, or restricting which types can be used in designated coastal areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Designated Uses; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Consider Regulations for Catch & Release Trolling This plan seeks to reduce or eliminate catch-and-release fishing in many fragile areas. First an assessment must be conducted to measure the effects of catch-and -release trolling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Coral Touching Regulations Currently touching, removing, damaging, distributing, and injuring any living or dead coral or coral formation is prohibited in Sanctuary Preservation Areas and Ecological Reserves. An investigation will be conducted to consider extending this prohibition to high-use, sensitive and vulnerable areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Contact Uses; Coral; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Spearfishing Regulations Spearfishing is already prohibited in ecological reserves, sanctuary preservation areas, management areas, and special-use areas. There are additional considerations to be made to see if restrictions need to be extended in high priority areas. There may also be need to be further scientific study on the impacts of spearfishing. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Vessel Grounding Regulations In many areas, there are already regulations that target prop scarring to seagrasses and the seabed. Current boat grounding regulations should be evaluated to determine if additional regulations would be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Fishing Gear/Fishing Methods Regulations In most regions there are already regulations that prohibit fishing methods that incorporate explosives, poisons, oil, and bleach. Further investigation may reveal additional methods, materials, or gear that should be prohibited as well. Regulations should aim to increase the use of low-impact gear (#194) in place of more destructive gear and methods. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Fish Feeding Regulations Divers in FL are already prohibited from fish feeding. Further review may show a need to prohibited anyone in state water from feeding fish. There will need to be investigations on the biological and behavioral impacts of fish feeding. This investigation can be used to keep the status quo, or may encourage further regulations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Supplemental Feeding; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Dredging Regulations Dredging is oftentimes prohibited with certain exceptions. Dredging regulation often falls under other controls over the alteration of the seabed, discharging or depositing materials. At times dredging is necessary for navigation or other activities, necessitating .permitting mechanisms for allowing otherwise prohibited activities. Revising the regulations to help eliminate negative dredge-and-fill activities within a certain distance of corals would be beneficial because it would help promote the reestablishment of sensitive benthic communities. Reservoirs may require periodic dredging to remove sediment that may have collected. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sand & Rock Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Transportation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Channel & Reef Navigation Markers This option would evaluate the need for proper marking to ensure better navigation. There are many types of markers, including buoys, charts, beacons, and GPS mapping. Such markers can also be used to advocate prohibition on vessel speeds greater than idle speed in areas designated as idle-speed only/no-wake and around shallow reef locations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beach & Land Formation; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Transportation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Bait Fishing and/or Catch & Release Trolling Regulations This option seeks to reduce or eliminate bait fishing, and catch & release trolling in fragile areas. First assessments must be conducted to measure the effects of bait fishing and catch & release trolling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Artificial Reef Regulations Discharge/depositing of materials and constructions on the seabed are both prohibited without permits, regulating the construction of new artificial reefs. Likewise, existing artificial reefs are protected through permit requirements for any alternation of the seabed. There are still further considerations for protecting artificial reefs. Artificial reef materials and construction choices are very important and may change based on the specific location and desired impacts. An artificial reef to attract recreational fishing differs from one for recreational divers or shoreline storm protection. Many artificial reefs were formally large ships, oil rigs or other types of waste that have been decommissioned and would be too large and expensive to dismantle on land. In these cases it is important to put restrictions on the sinking process to ensure there won�t be any type of chemical leakage and that the structure is stable on the seabed. (#189) (#190) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce.

NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Solid Waste Disposal; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waterborne Discharges
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Aquaculture/Mariculture Regulations This will help determine if there is a need to establish mariculture operations regulations and proceed accordingly. This would help satisfy the commercial demand for fish while taking pressure off of the wild species. Such regulations should consider where, when and what species of mariculture are allowable. The environmental impact mariculture has can vary depending on current, depth and distance to land, making location and even season important. The species being cultured is also an important consideration, especially if they are non-native or different genetically from the local natural population as escapes may occur. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

NEPA. 1998. MARICULTURE DRAFT POLICY AND REGULATION NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AUTHORITY COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT DIVISION. National Environment & Planning agency.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Designated Uses; Domestic Animal Waste; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invasive Species; Resource Use Management; Supplemental Feeding
Regulatory Review and Development: Ensure Consistency Among Fishing Regulations Consistency will improve administrative and regulatory coordination between fisheries regulatory agencies. This involves using a protocol for drafting and revising fisheries regulations in order to implement a consistent set of regulations throughout the protected reef area. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Develop Mobile Source Discharge Controls Pollution discharge controls regulate where different types of discharges are allowed and what acceptable quantities released are. Typically discharge controls target point sources in the form of effluent pipes (#280), but discharges also occur from mobile sources such as boats and ships. There may need to be revisions on where depositing fish, fish parts, bait, cooling water, engine exhaust, deck wash, and effluent can be released. In many areas, these items are often excluded as prohibited, and they should possibly be included. Pollution discharge controls are different from Water Quality Standards (#22) which set acceptable environmental limits and leave it up to the manager to meet those criteria. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Chemical Variables; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Large Ships; Littering; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical Damage; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Activities Allowed in Existing Regulatory Zones There are five different types of regulatory zones within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Ecological Reserves, Sanctuary preservation Areas, Wildlife Management Areas, Existing Management Areas, and Special Use Areas. Each zone has a different set of prohibited or allowable activities. This type of diversity in zones allows for visitors to partake in the activity they desire, but in an area where the impact will be less severe. Allowable activities require periodic evaluation and may need to be changed or relocated to allow for recovery or to address other issues of concern. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Exotic Species Regulations The release of exotic species is already prohibited in many areas. Often these regulations do not consider exotic species released in ballast water. Regulations on discharge of ship ballast water containing exotic or non-indigenous species is therefore an area for regulatory improvement. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Ballast Discharge; Biocriteria; Biological Addition; Boating Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Invasive Species; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Researching Impacts from Artificial Reefs: Monitor and evaluate habitat modification caused by the installation of artificial reefs Information on habitat modifications caused by artificial reefs is a necessary element of evaluating consistency of artificial reefs with the sanctuary goals and objectives. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coral; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Responses
Researching Other Pollutants and Water Quality Issues: Estimate other pollutant loadings This activity involves documenting the locations and magnitude of pollution impact other than wastewater. Sources can be from inside and outside of the Sanctuary. Pollutants can include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides. Water Quality standards (#22) Waste water (#21) NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pressures; Responses; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Resource Use Management: Develop Water Efficiency Initiatives Reducing water use through cost effective water efficiency improvements can be beneficial as it reduces pressure on water as a finite resource and saves money. There are several ways water efficiency can be promoted. Some Water Efficiency BMPs recommended by the EPA include: Water Management Planning; Information and Education Programs; Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection and Repair; Water-Efficient Landscaping, Water-Efficient Irrigation; Toilets and Urinals; Faucets and Showerheads; Boiler/Steam Systems; Single-Pass Cooling Equipment; Cooling Tower Management; Commercial Kitchen Equipment; Laboratory/ Medical Equipment; Other Water Intensive Processes; Alternative Water Sources. One of the ways the US government has promoted Water Efficiency Initiatives is through Executive order 13123 which places certain water use reduction requirements on Federal Agencies. There are also existing funding and incentives for non-government sectors. Project funding comes in many forms, such as appropriations, energy savings performance contract (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contract (UESCs) programs; ratepayer incentive programs such as rebates from public benefit funds or utilities; and the retention of energy and water cost savings. US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423.

Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Water Efficiency Best Management Practices. Federal Energy Management Program Accessed 7/12/2011.

Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Designated Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Textiles & Apparel; Utilities; Utility Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Resource Use Management: Marine Heritage Resource Protections This management option involves protecting underwater items/sites that have historical, cultural, archaeological, or paleontological significance. This response advocates permits for action that may degrade the resource. This can be accomplished through creating an MHR field unit, monitoring MHR site degradation, and evaluating excavation and mitigation techniques. Field units can help conduct field research and coordinated, permitted research activities. Experts relating to archaeological research underwater can also be hired with additional funding. Through evaluation of excavation techniques, new technologies can be suggested such as: turbidity screens, sediment removal equipment, and seagrass restoration/relocation protocols to lead to less disturbance. Inventory and decision tools can also be used in the aid of Maritime Heritage Resource protection. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mitigation; Physical Damage; Pipelines; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Valuation; Wetlands
Resource Use Management: Develop Live Collection Regulations Live collection is often more destructive than capture of food fishes because of the destructive methods used to remove live fish and invertebrates from the reef habitat. These methods include use of cyanide and explosives. Current methods should be assessed and alternatives should be developed or collection prohibited. World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Educational & Research Opportunities; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Resource Use Management: Prevent Introduction of Invasive Species Preventing the introduction of invasive species involves public awareness of the invasive species, minimizing modes and prone areas for invasion, and detecting small populations for early eradication. Some common modes of terrestrial transportation include livestock and domestic animals, mowing equipment, and firewood. Clean equipment before transport to a new location. Remove soil from plants, and plant bare-root. Use high grade seed and weed free livestock feeds. Reduce opportunities for invasive plants by keeping native plant populations strong and healthy and seeding in cover crops to reduce barren soil. Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Ballast Discharge; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Manufacturing & Trade; Transportation; Water Transportation
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Management Enforcement Marine protected areas and other types of coastal zone management areas have fisheries management policies that must be enforced in addition to the broader Statues, Regulation and Permit Requirements (#91). Illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing is a major problem worldwide. Management area policies must be enforced to have an impact on the fisheries stock. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Catch Quotas Quotas designate the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) allocated to an operating unit such as a country, a vessel, a company or an individual fisherman (individual quota) depending on the system of allocation. Quotas may or may not be transferable, inheritable, and tradable. While generally used to allocate total allowable catch, quotas could be used also to allocate fishing effort or biomass. Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Resource Use Management: Develop Regulations for Sponge Fisheries Sponges play a vital role on reefs, providing structure, food and filtration. Depending on the method of removal, this process can be very destructive to other reef fauna and habitat. Research is needed to compare impacts of different sponge fishing methods in different areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boring Sponges; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Culture; Cyanobacteria; Educational & Research Opportunities; Encrusting Sponges; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Resource Use Management: Designated Uses The water quality standards regulation requires that States and Tribes specify appropriate water uses to be achieved and protected. Appropriate uses are identified by taking into consideration the use and value of the water body for public water supply, for protection of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and for recreational, agricultural, industrial, and navigational purposes. In designating uses for a water body, States and Tribes examine the suitability of a water body for the uses based on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the water body, its geographical setting and scenic qualities, and economic considerations. Each water body does not necessarily require a unique set of uses. Instead, the characteristics necessary to support a use can be identified so that water bodies having those characteristics can be grouped together as supporting particular uses. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Environmental Protection Agency. What are Water Quality Standards? Designated Uses. Water: Water Quality Standards Accessed 7/12/2011.

Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Marine Products; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Resource Use Management: Seasonal Fisheries and Harvesting Finfish and shellfish stocks may be more or less susceptible to fishing pressures during certain times of the year. This may be due to seasonality of recruitment and/or changes in food/predation pressures. If fishing restrictions may be more successful if this seasonality is taken into consideration and fishing pressure adjusted accordingly. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Permitting & Zoning; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Restoration: Reintroduce Indigenous Living Corals The approach reviews the policies and regulation regarding the re-introduction of living corals indigenous to a specific geographic location that were propagated in the lab. The concern about reintroduction of organisms from the lab and aquaria revolves around the possibility of introducing exotic or foreign strains of diseases to natural coral. Also, there is concern about introducing defective genetic material as well. One viable solution may be to reintroduce corals reared in in-situ coral nurseries. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Microorganisms; Reef Habitat; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Restoration: Restore Reef Habitat and Salvage Benthic Inhabitants Injured by Physical Damage This management approach involves salvaging, maintenance, and re-stabilization or injured resources by management staff and private contractors in order to rescue and provide first aid following physical damage such as vessel groundings. This can be achieved using Reef Medics and other volunteer programs because these groups have experience with vessel navigation and operation, snorkeling, and SCUBA diving. Also, it allows for researchers to collect living coral material when relocation of such organisms is not possible. Salvage and re-stabilization is not limited to the living coral; octocorals, seagrasses, and the non-living framework may all be damaged of destabilized from groundings or other physical impacts. In addition to the habitat's structural integrity, it is important to re-establish aesthetics and ecological functionality. Funds from mitigation and case settlements should be used for this work, as long term costs of restoration and monitoring can be extensive. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Octocoral; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Transportation; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Restoration: Beach Vegatation Restoration Natural beaches are often host to important costal dune ecosystems. Due to tourism, much of the vegetation that comprises these dune ecosystems may be compromised. The natural vegetation provides an important ecosystem service, with roots providing deep stabilization against physical damage and removal of that sand. Without such vegetation sand and dunes can be completely washed away during hurricanes and other surge events. The dunes themselves offer some protection to nearby inland infrastructure during these same storm events. When the beach past the dunes is for public access it is beneficial to build raised walk-overs over the dune vegetation. This prevents trampling, which leads to dune blowouts. Natural Resources Conservation Service, editor. 2007. Native Plants for Coastal Dune Restoration: What, When, and How for Florida. US Department of Agriculture.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Culture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Invasive Species; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Damage; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Landslide Treatments This management option is exercised to prevent down slope movement of earthen materials, including natural soils, and spoil/waste from mining or forestry activities. Extreme caution and planning must be exercised before permitting any personnel, equipment or other machinery into the slide area. An experienced engineer should analyze the stability of the site both before and after alterations are made to evaluate stability. Water Control: sources of water that enter the area can be controlled to keep the material dry, as it is typically more stable when dry. Loading Control: where appropriate, consider removing excess material from upper portions of the slide area to reduce slide mass. Slope Reduction: where practice, use grading to reduce the slope of the slide area. Increasing Internal Strength: consider the impact of removing and recompacting of material at designed levels of moisture and with biotechnical slope stabilization practices. External Restraints: external restraints can be used where slope movements must be limited due to surrounding valued improvements (e.g. structures), where manipulation of the material may not achieve desired improvements. External restraints must be designed to prevent overturning, sliding at or below the base, and bearing failure of the foundation. Vegetative Treatment: deep rooted grasses and shrubs with proven performance in soil bioengineering applications can be planted using selected soil bioengineering or biotechnical slope stabilization techniques appropriate to the site. Transpiration and infiltration should be considered when choosing vegetation. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Forestry; Infrastructure; Insurance; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Restoration: Transplant Queen Conch from inshore to offshore environments Scientists have determined that moving queen conch from non-reproductive, inshore environments to reproductive, offshore environments is a cost-effective method for increasing reproductive output. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Responses; Snails & Conch
Restoration: Removal of Invasive Algae Benthic organisms on reefs maintain a delicate balance competing for space. In many areas, the competition between coral and algae has fallen out of balance due to confounding factors. Factors such as decreased herbivorous fish and invertebrates, and invasive algae species have allowed faster growing algae to take over many reefs, often growing into smothering mats that cover and kill coral. In Hawaii, there has been some success physically removing invasive algae such as Kappaphycus using underwater vacuums extended down from barges or volunteer events in shallower areas. The Nature Conservancy. 2010.Two Million Pounds of Invasive Algae Removed From Maunalua Bay.

(not cited)

Algae; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Coralline Algae; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Reef Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae
Restoration: Beach Renourishment and Nourishment Beaches are subject to natural accretion and erosion. Tourism is often best supported by wide, accessible, public sandy beaches. Beaches can be restored to counteract natural erosion by transporting large quantities of sand onto the beach. This sand often comes from nearby dredging. Caution should be used when restoring long sections of beaches, as often the area above the mean high tide line is littoral, or privately owned, and restoration of these beaches can impact these property rights, see "Stop the Beach Renourishment, Inc. v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (2010) U.S. Supreme Court decision." Beach protection or nourishment offers an alternative to this often expensive and abrupt type of renourishment, nourishment involves practices which encourage coastal accretion and discourage erosional forces. See "Florida's Beach and Shore Preservation Act" for some restrictions on this. NOAA Coastal Services Center. Beach Nourishment: A Guide for Local Government Officials. Coastal Services Center Accessed 6/17/2011.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Culture; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Recreational Opportunities; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation
Restoration: Environmental Remediation Environmental Remediation is a type of restoration that's focus ranges from Brownfields to Oil Spills to Hazardous Waste Sites. These restoration activities aim to restore the site to a previous condition, or to a condition that is not a threat to human health or other forms of life. Several standards can be used to determine when remediation is necessary and to what extent the environment should be restores. Biocriteria can be used to determine the degree of degradation to biological components of the site. Often it is the presence of a particular pollutant in the soil, water or air, which is above acceptable limits and will not degrade fast enough over a short period of time and therefore must be removed. Physical and chemical water quality criteria can be used to set maximum acceptable limits of water quality parameters. Air quality criteria can be used to set acceptable maximum and minimum air standards for remediation. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency.

Environment Protection Authority. EPA Guidelines for Environmental management of on-site remediation. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, Australia.

Applied Chemicals; Biocriteria; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Health; Health Policies; Landuse Management; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Military; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Valuation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Restoration: Acquire Blanket Permits for Restoration Programs Restoration programs often span multiple areas and multiple agencies. With proper collaboration between resource managers, and restoration programs, multiple programs/initiatives can work together under blanket permits from regulating agencies. For example, NOAA�s Beaufort Lab/Seagrass Research team, NOAA�s Damage Assessment Center, and DEP all coordinate restoration projects together in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Permitting & Zoning; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Restoration: Work with public outreach coordinator to inform the public about habitat restoration activities This response involves restoration teams providing information, photos, and videos to be used in press release, TV and radio, and magazine articles to inform the public about restoration projects for corals. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Toxic Discharge Controls This option aims to eliminate unsightly residues, reduce erosion and control acid or otherwise toxic aqueous discharges from abandoned coal mines, coalmine waste or other types of land change. For toxic mine drainage, preventative actions include mine sealing, infiltration control, day lighting, and neutralization with alkaline material such as hydrated lime. Which action to take relies heavily on groundwater and runoff in the region of the mine. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Aquaculture; Coal Mining; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Restoration: Restore injured or destroyed coral reef framework This approach would allow to use funds from case settlements to reconstruct/replace coral framework that has been compromised. This approach aids to restore the coral�s structural and ecological functionality, as well as reestablish aesthetic qualities associated with corals. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coral; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Restoration: Monitor Restoration Resource management staff should make regular field visits to restoration sites in order to monitor restoration progress. Data gathered through monitoring restoration sites will help create a scientific evaluation of restoration methodologies. Knowing the length of time required and costs accrued to restore the original ecological functionality of a reef system is essential for estimating costs for mitigation and remediation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Cultural Services; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mitigation; Remediation; Valuation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Infiltration This management option attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that control the volume of surface water, facilitating faster absorption of the stormwater into the ground. Often these structures are able to infiltrate larger amounts of water faster while reducing exposure to surface sediments and pollutants. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

US EPA. EPA Infiltration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Stormwater Pollution Reduction Through Instituting Preventitive Best Management Practices This method focuses on reducing the amount of harmful contaminants in stormwater runoff by establishing Best Management Practices that prevent the generation of the pollutant to begin with. These BMPs include educational programs, infrastructure improvements and agricultural BMPs. Examples of educational programs would be programs that educate the public on the importance of, and how to avoid depositing hazardous wastes, such as oil, into storm drains, or how to use landscape management controls to limit the chemical and debris that from enter stormwater runoff from their personal lawns. Infrastructure improvement could include the use of alternative turnarounds and street cleaning. Agricultural practices such as roofs and covers for pesticides and equipment, or use of bedding are both preventative stormwater practices. Some additional specific practices include: controlling fertilizer application, properly using and disposing of fertilizers, pesticides, motor oil, and other harmful chemicals, debris removal, exposure reduction, minimization of pollutants, parking lot cleaning, stormwater catch basin insert, eliminate curbs and gutters, green parking, green roofs, street design and patterns, bedding. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

US EPA. Alternative Turnarounds. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Eliminate Curbs and Gutters. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Parking. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Street Design and Patterns. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Agriculture; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Housing; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Mining; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Industry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that trap or filter impurities out of runoff water. These include but are not limited to, using swales, filter strips, oil/water separators, oil/grit separators, and sand filters. Often structural retrofitting is coupled with biological filters/controls to direct water as desired and to fully reap the benefits of both systems. Structural filters are often incorporated into retention/detention and infiltration systems as well. One disadvantage of structural filters is that they are often higher maintenance as sand and chambers fill and clog with pollutants over time. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Compost Filter System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Median Strip Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montgomery County Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Off-Line Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Oil/Water Separators. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Organic Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Peat Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Perimeter Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pocket Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rockville Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Sediment Basin (Water Quality Enhancement). Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Side-by-Side Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Trench with Oil/Grit Chamber. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Under-the-Swale Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Quality Volume (WQV) Storage Tank. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

US EPA. EPA Filtration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Manufactured Products for Stormwater Inlets. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Alum Injection. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Retention/Detention This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of natural structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. These structures are typically characterized as retention ponds and incorporate natural vegetation such as grass. These ponds may be dry, or may drain into nearby wetlands. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Retention/Detention This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. Water collection can be selective, targeting the first flush of water, which is typically the most polluted. Water retention has the additional benefit of later release at a place and time when the water is needed (e.g. for irrigation). Rainwater Collection Systems (#11) can be an important water resource in areas where freshwater is limited. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Detention Devices for Dry/Wet Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Water and Sediment Control Basin. CODE 638. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Volume Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Sustained Reservoir Minimum Release of Minimum Baseflow to Sustain Aquatic Habitat In some regions, even high intensity rivers (e.g. Rio Loco, Puerto Rico) are seasonal, drying for long enough to kill aquatic vegetation. Creating a constant baseflow would help sustain aquatic life and ultimately help to process nutrients. High intensity rivers are already prone to extreme channel erosion from the high flow rates, this erosion is even greater without any benthic biota to hold sediment on the river bottom. Restricting the release of reservoir water to that required to maintain aquatic biota would reduce the intensity of flow, stabilize the river bottom, create habitat and naturally process nutrients that could potentially contribute to eutrophication out on the coral reef. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Algae; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Stormwater BMPs: Rainwater Collection Systems Creating a rainwater collection system (either through policy change or the initiative of homeowners) would help in many ways. These systems would utilize water in an efficient manner. It would reduce the pressure of water as a finite resource. Water would be collected and utilized before it reaches the ground. Once rain falls to the ground, it picks up nutrients, chemicals, and pathogens on the ground and transports them in the form of runoff. Eventually this contaminated stormwater runoff enters water resources through the drainage basin. Collecting a considerable amount of water would prevent contamination of that water, and allow for it to be usable. Also, it would reduce the amount of water that is lost when it is contaminated as runoff. An overall reduced amount of stormwater runoff would reduce the amount of contaminants that would harm corals. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cisterns used for water harvesting. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shelter; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementing engineering techniques that allow natural processes and plants to act as filters. Such techniques would include using grass parking and turf covered swales. Many of these techniques, such as reversed elevations for planted areas in parking lots, can demonstrate benefits both as natural filters and for the vegetation that are used since it eliminates the need to water them with irrigation systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Basic Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bioretention System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Constructed Wetland. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Filter Strips. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Reversed Elevations System for Parking Lots and Planting Areas. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Riparian Forest Buffer. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Roadway Landscape Treatment System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Pond Design. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Transportation Policy: Airline Carbon Policy Civil aviation is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and this contribution has grown as the industry has grown. Some regions are implementing policies such as cap and trade that apply to the airline industry. Bruce Duguid. 2009. Fasten Your Seat Belt: Airlines and cap-and-trade. CTC764, Carbon Trust, United Kingdom.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Transportation Policy: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAF�) standards is to reduce fuel consumption by increasing the fuel economy of cars and light trucks. NHTSA sets fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the US while EPA calculates the average fuel economy for each manufacturer. Since the standard only dictates the average fuel economy, manufacturers can sell vehicles with higher or lower fuel economy than the standard. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE). Accessed 8/11/2011.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Industry; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Transportation Policy: Dust Control Application This action is taken to control dust from unpaved roads and other surfaces, which is generated by traffic and/or wind. Some dust control products (palliatives) for application include: water, hydroscopic palliatives, adhesive, petroleum emulsion, polymer emulsion, clay additive, and bituminous. There are specific considerations for application of each, including seasons and when to use which. For example, hygroscopic palliatives (control dust by absorbing water from the air) shall not be used in arid and semi-arid environments. Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride shall not be used in locations where the daily summertime relative humidity averages below 30%. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land & Air Transportation; Mining; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Wastewater Pollutants Impacts: Wastewater Pollutant Monitoring and Impact Studies Potential approaches to this management option include experimental studies, eutrophication gradient studies, comparative studies of impacted and non-impacted sites, historical studies, geography comparison, use of biochemical and ecological indicators, use of sewage tracers, and high-frequency and spatially intensive water quality sampling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Water Quality Standards Water Quality Standards are the foundation of the water quality-based pollution control program mandated by the Clean Water Act. Water Quality Standards define the goals for a waterbody by establishing Designated Uses (#279), setting baseline waterbody minimum criteria to protect those uses, and establishing provisions that regulate Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards (#280). Since the baseline water quality standards are for the waterbody in its entirety, there is some flexibility on how that minimum criterion is accomplished. In some cases, Remediation (#281) may be preferable to more stringent effluent standards. The criteria include specific biochemical and ecological measures that would be good indicators of ecological health, including Biocriteria (#282). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biocriteria; Chemical Variables; Cultural Services; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Toxics
Water Quality Management: Treating Effluent Water Through Wetlands Additional treatment of sewage is often a necessary management option because secondary treatment alone leaves 20,000 times more nutrients in the water than the safe limit for corals. High concentrations of nutrients in the water leads to eutrophication, and coral reefs are more sensitive to nutrient enrichment than any other coastal system. Wetlands are extremely successful at reducing nitrogen levels in water. Using natural wetlands or "living machines" to perform this task can actually be more cost effective than further sewage treatment. Each successive wetland treatment cell of the series can provide incredible levels of denitrification, and thus protect corals from nutrient enrichment. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Water Quality Management: Wastewater Management System Standards This management option involves reducing the amount of pollutants entering groundwater by enforcing existing standards. Inspection and compliance programs for cesspits, Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) and septic tanks are necessary to do this. Municipal sewage treatment plants have a variety of means to meet these standards, including improving management of current treatment systems or upgrading treatment systems with newer technology. Some of these technologies include: Continuous-Flow, Suspended-Growth Aerobic Systems (CFSGAS), Fixed-film, Sequencing batch reactor systems, Stabilization ponds, FWS constructed wetlands, and other aquatic systems (#2), Enhanced nutrient removal: phosphorus & nitrogen, Recirculating sand/media filters and Land treatment systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Center for Watershed Protection. 2004. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination. US EPA.

US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA.

Chemical Variables; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Reduce Pollution & Discharges from Marinas & Live-Aboards This management option strives to reduce and eliminate the discharge of wastewater and pollution within zones near corals. In many instances, "no-discharge" zones already exist and are simply poorly enforced. In other instances the discharge limits are not stringent enough. Successful regulation requires marinas to be equipped with the proper infrastructure to support transfer of wastewater from vessels to shore-side for treatment. This infrastructure includes: pump-out facilities and mobile pump-out services. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Cyanobacteria; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Health; Health Policies; Marine Debris; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Landfill & Solid Waste Disposal Site Assessment Strategy This option seeks to reduce/eliminate pollution from leaching at landfill sites. High risk, old landfill sites that may have hazardous waste must be identified. Once identified, monitoring at these landfills should be intensified to insure leaching does not occur into marine systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Littering; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Water Quality Management: Protection of Resources from Hazardous Materials & Spills Wherever possible, take actions to decrease the likelihood of hazardous materials spills near corals. Even when risks are reduced significantly, spills may still occur, necessitating contingency plans (#56). In order for reef managers to stay informed of the latest spills/updates, a spill-reporting system should be established along with a geo-referenced database that keeps track of all spills within a certain distance of reefs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands.

USCG. 2007. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Florida Keys.

Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Pet Waste Cleanup Ordinance & Education In residential areas, pet waste can contributes to the large amount of nutrients and pathogens that enter the water through stormwater runoff. This is especially useful in regions such as Gu�nica, Puerto Rico where there are a lot of stray dogs. Education for pet-owners and possible ordinance would help decrease harmful pathogens reaching corals through stormwater runoff and reduce eutrophication. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Animal Waste Collection. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011.

Clary, J., Leisenring, M., and Jeray, J. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Pollutant Category Summary: Fecal Indicator Bacteria. Wright Water Engineers.

Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Cyanobacteria; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Domestic Animal Waste; Environmental Education & Outreach; Health; Health Policies; Invasive Species; Landscaping & Household Services; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Stormwater Management; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Refine Pest Spraying Program This strategy aims to reduce the amount of pesticides that could potentially enter the water from spraying for pests such as mosquitoes. A site-specific combination of pest prevention, pest avoidance, pest monitoring, and pest suppression strategies (PAMs) should be used. Aerial spraying is often used only when the mosquito concentration reaches a specific threshold. The mosquito spraying strategy would review the aerial spraying threshold to see if it could be raised, to reduce frequency of use. Refining spraying technologies would be advocated to see if newer techniques/technologies would possibly reduce the amount of pesticides released over water. For identified water quality concerns related to pesticide leaching, solution runoff and adsorbed runoff, the current version of the USDA-NRCS WIN-PST program should be used to evaluate potential risks to humans and/or fish, as appropriate, for each pesticide to be used. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). CODE 595. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Controls; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Toxics
Water Quality Management: Biocriteria The President�s Ocean Action Plan directed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop biological assessment methods and tools for evaluating the health of coral reefs so that States and Territories could more easily establish biological water quality standards, including descriptions for designated waterbody uses and biological criteria (biocriteria). Biocriteria are qualitative or quantitative thresholds of biological condition necessary to sustain the designated uses. Rigorous biological assessments are needed to identify metrics that reflect biological characteristics and are responsive to a gradient of human disturbance, and to generate defensible long-term monitoring programs. Implementation of biocriteria for freshwater ecosystems has forged a process that can be adopted for coral reefs. Bradley, P., L. Fore, W. Fisher, and W. Davis. 2010. Coral reef biological criteria: using the clean water act to protect a national treasure. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Narragansett, RI.

Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Resource Use Management
Water Quality Plans: Reducing Pollution Discharges from Marinas and Live-Aboards This plan strives to reduced pollution discharges through more strictly enforcing already-existing regulations for discharging. This includes enforcing regulations that restrict boaters from releasing sewage into state waters and requiring connecting toilets to shore-side plumbing. Also, this entails enforcing "no-discharge" zones where live-aboard vessels congregate or where there is history of violation issues with sewage release. The third component to this plan would be to develop and education plan to educate boaters on how/why to reduce pollution from their vessels. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

US EPA. 2011. Vessel General Permit Fact Sheet.

2005. Brightwork: Best Management Practices Manual for Maine's Boatyards and Marinas.

Biological Addition; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Health; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Sewage Treatment; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Plans: Resource Monitoring of Surface Discharges This strategy will identify the impacts of point-source discharges by requiring all National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System dischargers to develop monitoring programs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Stream Bank Riparian Plantings Planting native vegetation and trees in riparian zones helps to reduce erosion within channels. Such vegetation helps anchor the soil and sediment in place. Planting in riparian zones goes in hand with Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure (#274). This management option can be exercised in streams, canals used for boat passage, stormwater drainage ditches, or in agricultural irrigation channels. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Carbon Storage & Cycling; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Sediment; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Utilities; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Boat Access Plan An optimal boat access strategy involves conducting a survey of all public and private boat access points throughout the area. Once entry and exit sites are identified, channel markings can be placed accordingly. An effective strategy must also consider boat access needs, location, and intensity of use. This will help to efficiently mark the waterways so that there can be a reduction in damage to reefs, seagrasses and wetlands. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Transportation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Starting slower releases for longer durations from high-intensity rivers in coastal watershed and other methods of reducing sediment transport Slower releases with longer durations would be an advantage to short, intense releases. This is because current short, high intensity releases from rivers that are in the coastal watershed (like Rio Loco into Lagos Loco and Lucchetti) contributes to additional channel erosion and increase of suspending sediments in the water. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Light; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Mooring Buoy Management Installing mooring buoys is encouraged in order to prevent damage to corals from anchors. Areas that experience a lot of traffic from recreation and fishing will experience damage from vessel groundings and boat gear. Mooring buoys help to minimize damage to corals and at the same time provide access to water resources. Mooring buoys protect as well as lower resource-use conflicts. Mooring buoy management is achieved through maintaining existing mooring buoys; assessing current buoy technology; reviewing visitor-use and boating data; developing sitting criteria; recommending new sites; conducting site assessments; installing additional buoys; and implementing vessel size limits in high-use and sensitive areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Altmeier, Bernie. FKNMS Mooring Buoy Mainenance. NOAA: FKNMS Mooring Buoy Manual Accessed 3/23/2011.

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Manage Canal Water Quality This management option addresses water quality issues that may arise from nearshore, confined areas, specifically dead-end canals. This management response does not focus on wastewater discharges into canals, but instead on the hydrologic structure and orientation of the canal itself. Physical problems with canal orientation can lead to such problems as low flushing and build-up of weed wrack. This is a problem because the build-up of weed wrack consumes oxygen and releases nutrients as it decays. When combined with low flushing and circulation, dead end canals have decreased oxygen concentrations, accelerated eutrophication, and accumulate organic materials, pollutants and sediment. To improve the current canal system, management can inventory and map canals to identify high risk hotspots and candidates for future canal restoration projects. Canals are typically constructed to best suit the water access needs of local homes and businesses. Preventing high risk canals from being constructed, or placing certain requirements on their construction through permitting is one way to reduce future problem spots. Some design strategies include: Construct non-linear canals without right-angles and flared inlets oriented to prevailing winds. Instead of dead-ends, canals should include a flow through water exchange system or install mechanical pumps. Canals should be as wide as possible in relation to depth and length. Canal depth should be uniform or progressively shallower away from the parent waterbody, with sloping banks (eliminate requirements for navigable depths to shoreline). Some canal improvement strategies include: Implement weed gates, air curtains, and aeration systems. Direct all stormwater and effluent away from canal systems. Reduce bulkheading and restore native vegetative buffers (#1). Promote diversity of substrates and habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Aquatic Organism Passage This management action allows for upstream and downstream passage for fish and other aquatic organisms. The passage of these organisms is often restricted by barriers which must be modified, removed, or worked around with fishways. Sites should be evaluated for variations in discharge, tidal influence, hydraulics, geomorphic impacts, sediment transport and continuity, and organic debris movement. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Water Resources
Waterway Management: Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure Canal and irrigation infrastructure typically includes concrete structures to control the flow of water. These low head dams, bulkheads, concrete footers, and other structures act as constricting forces in channels. This constriction leads to debris becoming lodged and thus changing the erosive forces. In turn, banks become destabilized. Channel erosion then increases along with bed scour and sediment transport. Removing these structures and making banks more gradual has the added benefit of allowing for riparian vegetation to be planted, which acts as a natural buffer. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Lagoon Restoration Many times lagoons/wetlands are filled for urban development, agricultural development, etc. Lagoons/wetlands are a sink for nutrients, sediment, and contaminants. Wetlands close to reef watersheds can be huge contributors to reef health. This is because wetlands intercept surface-water runoff from higher, drier land and retain excess nutrients and pollutants. Also, lagoons are beneficial because they provide habitat for an array of wildlife. Overall, they can greatly reduce the amount nutrient-contaminated water that reaches corals. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Chapter 13, Part 650. Wetland Restoration, Enhancement or Creation. Engineering Field Handbook. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Supporting Services; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Waterway Management/Marking Plan Proper waterway markings provide coherent guidance for boats. Clearly-marked waterway exits and entrances reduce the probability of damage to reefs from boat gear damage, boat movement, trampling, and ballast discharge. Waterway marking can be achieved through surveying damage from propeller scarring and vessel groundings, enhancing channel marking aids, assessing the effectiveness of channel marking, and through removing waterway obstructions. "Hotspots" where many incidents have been reported should be considered for further marking, especially those that are in high use areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Trampling; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Control River Volume Using Dams and Resevoirs Constructing dams and creating reservoirs can have many affects, both positive and negative. Like smaller scale structural stormwater retention (#263), this management option retains groundwater for later controlled release. On this scale, the creation of a reservoir may require flooding of an area behind the dam that had other uses (e.g. agriculture). Proper vegetation can be used in and around the reservoir to incorporate biological filtration (#261). Slowing the release of water into rivers reduces the intensity of flow, reducing channel erosion. However, water should still be released consistently to allow for aquatic habitat to be maintained on the river bottom (#8). Lastly, with the correct infrastructure, a dam can be used as a sustainable hydroelectric energy source. Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Collaborate with Projects Changing Water-Flow Other organizations may be performing restorative freshwater projects (Everglades Restoration) or other flow altering projects (e.g. canals for small boats, agricultural irrigation etc) that affect the downstream marine management area (Florida Bay). Projects on the coast that involve hydrologic modifications (such as changing salinity) must be closely monitored in order to protect reef quality. Reefs are very sensitive systems and can only survive in a narrow salinity range. By taking an active role and monitoring freshwater flow projects, management staff can better ensure proper consideration of the impact on coastal marine environments. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. 2010. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: 2009 System Status Report.

Collaboration & Partnering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Salinity; Security & Public Administration Policies; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
25 Virgin Islands Code. Under Title 25, in addition to requirements for boat registration and administration of harbors, among other things, sections pertaining to the mooring and anchoring of vessels and houseboats provide for the protection of important marine resources in USVI waters. The Law requires mandatory boating education and safety courses for all boat operators.

Application to Coral Reefs:Mooring and anchoring are restricted and not allowed near fragile systems. Not anchoring on coral reefs is abig plus of this legislation.

Legislative Actions:Penalties for violation of the Chapter include fines not to exceed $1,000, a lien on the vessel and potential libel suit

Comments:A houseboat or vessel is allowed to moor or anchor only in those areas designated by the Department. Section 404(g) of the legislation lists areas designated as areas of special concern. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Boating Regulations; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Environmental Education & Outreach; Large Ships; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Transportation Policies
25-Year Permits for Maintenance Dredging in Deepwater Ports; Deepwater Ports Maintenance Dredging and Disposal Manual, 62-045 Florida Administrative Code. 62-45.001 Authority, Intent and Policy. (1) This chapter is promulgated under the authority of Sections 403.061(26) and 403.816(1), F.S. (2) It is the intent of this chapter to establish a permitting system for maintenance dredging in deep water commercial navigation areas of the ports listed in Rule 62-45.020, F.A.C. This chapter incorporates standards and criteria which recognize the present most beneficial use of these waters for deep water commercial navigation. Since the implementation of a comprehensive maintenance dredging management plan is a major factor in determining the adequacy of a long-term maintenance dredging program, it is the further intent of this chapter to give a position of prominence to such a plan within this permit system. (3) It is the policy of the Department to provide a regulatory process which will enable the ports to conduct maintenance dredging in an environmentally sound, expeditious and efficient manner.62-45.020 Scope. (1) The permit system established by this chapter applies only to the ports of Ft. Pierce, Jacksonville, Miami, Palm Beach, Panama City, Pensacola, Port Canaveral, Port Everglades, Port Manatee, Port St. Joe, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. (2) The activities which may be included within a permit issued under this chapter are limited to maintenance dredging and disposal of the maintenance dredged material. (3) Applicants for permits under this chapter are limited to the port authorities or private interests using the port for deep water commercial shipping and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Department shall not issue separate permits to the port authority or private interests and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers when the responsibility of maintenance dredging or the disposal of the maintenance dredged material from the port is shared by any of the parties. The permit, if issued, shall clearly specify the duties and responsibilities of each party. (4) A permit may be issued for any length of time up to 25 years. There shall be no more than one such permit for each of the ports listed in subsection (1). (5) The area within which work under this permit system may take place is limited to the federally maintained, port authority maintained, or private interest maintained navigation channels, turning basins, or harbor berths associated with deep water commercial navigation and associated dredged material disposal sites. Eligible port maintenance dredging areas are depicted on NOS Charts Nos. 11491 (Port of Jacksonville), 11478 (Port Canaveral), 11475 (Fort Pierce Harbor), 11466 (Port of Palm Beach), 11468 (Port of Miami), 11470 (Port Everglades), 11413 (Tampa Bay, Northern Part), 11414 (Tampa Bay, Southern Part), 11393 (Port St. Joe), 11391 (Panama City), and 11383 (Port of Pensacola) on file with the Department and adopted here by reference. Copies are available at cost upon request from the Office of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, MS 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000.

Application to Coral Reefs:Proper, environmentally sound, dredging and disposal of dredged material, as reviewed by permit processers, will limit the amount of sediment and nutrients released to open water. The process will be particularly applicable to coral reefs for the dredging and disposal of Miiami harbor.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Large Ships; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment
Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987, 43 United States Code §§ 2101-2106. To establish title to certain abandoned shipwrecks. U. S. Government asserted three categories of abandoned shipwrecks; embedded in a State's submerged lands, embedded in corralline formations protected by a State on its submerged lands, located on a State's submerged lands and included or determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register of historic Places.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act requires, but is not limited to, development by NPS of guidelines for States and Federal agencies to develop appropriate and consistant policies to protect national resources and habitat areas, and to provide for public and private sector recovery consistant with historical values and environmental integrety. Corralline structures are specifically protected by the Act.

Legislative Actions:Specific response will vary from Federal agency to Federal agency and State to State.

Comments:The NPS published non-binding, advisory guidelines for States and Federal agencies to establish, review, revise, and implement programs to manage shipwrecks under their ownership or control. The guidance is entitled "Abondoned Shipwreck Act Guidelines."   		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States; US State Waters 		Artificial Habitat; Coral; Designated Uses; Marine Protected Areas; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Administrative fines for damaging State Lands of products thereof, 18-14 Florida Administrative Code. 18-14.003 Violations. It shall be a violation of this rule for any person or the agent of any person to knowingly refuse to comply with any provision of Chapter 253, F.S., willfully violate any provision of Chapter 253, F.S., or to willfully damage state land (the ownership or boundaries of which have been established by the state) or products thereof, by doing any of the following: (1) Fill, excavate, or dredge, including prop dredging in a manner which produces a defined channel, on state land without the lease, license, easement or other form of consent required by the Board. (2) Remove, in violation of state or federal law, any product from state land without written approval or specific exemption from the Board or Department. (3) Discharge contaminants, wastes, effluents, sewage or any other pollutant as defined in Chapter 376 or Chapter 403, F.S., on, under or over state land; when such discharge is in violation of Chapter 403 or conditions of a permit issued pursuant to that chapter, or conditions of a lease or easement issued pursuant to Chapter 253, F.S. - 37 (4) Maintain, place or build permanent or temporary structures, including, but not limited to, additions to existing structures; all structures whose use is not water-dependent; sanitary septic systems; fences, docks and pilings; houses; oil rigs; and utility installations on or over state land without consent or authority from the Board or Department. (5) Place garbage, refuse, or debris on or over state land without approval by the Board or Department. (6) Any other willful act that causes damage to state land, or products thereof, when such activity occurs without the required approval by the Board or Department.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling and limiting excavation and dredging, as well as discharge of contaminants, wastes, sewage, and other pollutants will assist in keeping sediment and pollutants from reaching the coral reefs and causing degradation of reef organisms..

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Administrative Fines for Damaging State Lands or Products Thereof 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Substrate; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Air Pollution Control, 62-204 Florida Administrative Code (1996). 62-204.100 Purpose and Scope. (1) This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. (2) In addition, this chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have been adopted; further designates certain attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as air quality maintenance areas for particular pollutants; classifies all areas of the state as Class I, Class II, or Class III for determining which set of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments apply; and designates all attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as one or more PSD areas for determining which pollutant-specific PSD baseline dates apply. This chapter also sets forth procedures for redesignating and reclassifying areas as above. (3) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to identify the Florida State Implementation Plan (SIP) required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51; to set forth the public notice and hearing requirements that the Department will adhere to for making SIP revisions; and to set forth the definitions, criteria, and procedures that the Department will use to review a federal agency�s general conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; and to adopt by reference an interagency memorandum of agreement that the Department will comply with to review any transportation conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart T. The provisions to 40 C.F.R. 51.853 require that a federal agency make a general conformity determination for any federal agency action in a nonattainment or maintenance area, to ensure that such action is consistent with the SIP and that such federal conformity determination be reviewed by the affected state. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. 51.394 require that a transportation conformity determination be made for the adoption, acceptance, approval, or support of certain transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, and transportation projects in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants to ensure that such actions are consistent with the SIP. (4) Finally, this chapter adopts and incorporates by reference federal air pollution control regulations which are referenced in whole or in part throughout the Department�s air pollution control rules.

Application to Coral Reefs:By reducing emmissions to air, particularly carbon dioxide, the pH of ocean waters will not be reduced and that is a direct benefit to coral reefs, since a reduction in pH is believed to be detrimental to corals.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassified with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have benn adopted.

Comments:This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Amendment to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations revising the boundary of the northernmost area to be avoided off the coast of Florida, Federal Register § Volume 65, Number226 (2000). NOAA, in conjunction with the US Coast Guard, proposed to revise the northernmost area to be avoided (ATBA) off the coast of the Florida Keys. The change was expected to increaase maritime safety and to avoid harm to the marine environment and its resources.

Application to Coral Reefs:The amendments directly protect coral reefs because the change of the nothernmost area presented in the regulation as Area To Be Avoided resulted in large vessels not entering the area that had been the site of large vessel groundings.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in conjunction with the US Coast Guard

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Civil Engineering & Construction; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Cruise Ships; Fish; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical Damage; Reef Inhabitants; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Amendment to the U.S. Caribbean Fishery Management Plans, Code of Federal Regulations § 600 and 622. NMFS issues this final rule to implement a comprehensive amendment prepared by the Caribbean Fishery Management Council (Council) to amend its Reef Fish, Spiny Lobster, Queen Conch, and Coral Fishery Management Plans (FMPs). The comprehensive amendment is designed to ensure the FMPs are fully compliant with the provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act). This final rule redefines the fishery management units for the FMPs; establishes seasonal closures; imposes gear restrictions and requirements; revises requirements for marking pots and traps; and prohibits the filleting of fish at sea. In addition, the comprehensive amendment establishes biological reference points and stock status criteria; establishes rebuilding schedules and strategies to end overfishing and rebuild overfished stocks; provides for standardized collection of bycatch data; minimizes bycatch and bycatch mortality to the extent practicable; designates essential fish habitat (EFH) and EFH habitat areas of particular concern (HAPCs); and minimizes adverse impacts on such habitat to the extent practicable. The intended effect of this final rule is to achieve optimum yield in the fisheries and provide social and economic benefits associated with maintaining healthy stocks.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects coral reefs in the USVI and Puerto Rico from overfishing reef resources, specifically reef fish, lobster, and queen conch taking. It establishs seasonal closures, restrictions on the gear used, lists areas of specific biological reference points, and has a schedule and strategy for restocking fishery resources.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Recreational Fishing; Reef Inhabitants
American Antiquities Act of 1906, 16 United States Code §§ 431-433. The Act provides penalties for unauthorized collection, excavation, or destruction of historic or prehistoric ruins, monuments, or objects of antiquity on lands owned or controlled by the United States. It authorized that areas of extrodinary geographical, historical , aesthetic value can be designated national monuments.

Application to Coral Reefs:Has been used by Presidential Proclamation in 2001 to expand or create two national monuments; the Virgin Islands Coral Reef Monument and the Buck Island Reef National Monument. The monuments include coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		City Planning; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Coral; Docks & Marinas; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management
American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978, 42 United States Code § 1996. The Act protects the rights of Native Americans to believe, express and exercise their traditional religions, including access to important sites, use and possession of sacred objects, and the freedom to workshop through ceremonial and traditional rights.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States
Anadromous Fish Conservation Act of 1965, as amended, 16 United States Code § 757. The Act is intended to conserve anadromous fish. It authorizes the Secretatries of Interior and Commerce to enter into cooperatve agreements with states and other non-federal interests for conservation, development and enhancement of anadromous fish and contribute up to fifty percent as the federal share of the cost of carrying out such agreements. Reclamation construction projects for water resource projects needed solely for such fish are also authorized.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Projects are for conservation, development, and enhancement on fisheries.

Comments: 		Department of Interior/Department of Commerce

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Apex Fish Predators; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 as amended, 16 United States Code § 470. To protect historic ruins, monuments, and objects of antiquity. Strenghtens and expands the protective provisions of the Antiquities Act of 1906 regarding archeological resources. It also revised the permitting process for conducting archeological research.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territorial Waters; US Territories; Designated Marine Areas; US Virgin Islands 		Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Responses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940, as amended, 16 United States Code § 668. Protects Bald and Golden Eagles by prohibiting possession, sale or transport, alive or dead, or part, nest or egg, except as permitted by the Secretary of the Interior for scientific and exhibition purposes, or for religious purposes of Indians

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Fines of $100,000 per incividual, or $200,000 for organizations, or one year in prison, or both, can be utilized.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Cultural Policies; Designate Protected Species; Political Pressure; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, 18-18 Florida Administrative Code. 18-18.001 Intent. (1) The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, the boundaries of which are fully described in Rule 18-18.002, F.A.C., was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (2) These rules shall apply to all lands public and private within the boundaries of the preserve. However, privately owned uplands shall be excluded from these rules except as otherwise provided for herein. (3) In promulgating and implementing these rules, it is the intent of the Department to construe the provisions of Sections 258.397 and 258.35 through 258.46, F.S., together and to apply the more stringent statutory provisions for the maintenance of the preserve. (4) The preserve shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserve through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserve so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the legislature in creating the preserve; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the Act and these rules, to assist in managing the preserve; (e) To encourage activities that protect or enhance the biological and aesthetic values of the preserve, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions towards their natural condition, when reviewing applications or developing and implementing management plans for the preserve; (f) To preserve and promote indigenous life forms and habitats including but not limited to sponges, soft corals, hard corals, seagrasses, mangroves, mud flats, marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, marine mammals, tropical marine invertebrates, birds and shellfish; (g) To acquire additional title interests in land wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological or aesthetic values of the preserve.

Application to Coral Reefs:Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve protection of water quality will contribute to a lowering of contaminants leaving the preserve on tides and thus limiting the contaminants that reach off-shore ecosystems including the FKNMS and the reef system within the sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter establishes the rules to protect the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, which was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Chapter 1: Wildlife including protected areas, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates hunting, including for migratory birds, wildlife restoration, establishes and regulates wildlife and marine sactuaries and game preserves.

Application to Coral Reefs:The coral reefs of the US Virgin Islands are within the boundaries off the marine sanctuaries and therefore have the same protection that marine sanctuaries have. Special licenses are required for scientific investigation and for collectors. In wildlife and marine sanctuaries, except under proper permit, taking or posessing any bird, fish, or other wildlife is illegal. Discharge of a firearm or release of arrows (spearfishing) in wildlife or marine sanctuaries is illegal. No form of waste can be thrown, placed or deposited in a wildlife or marine sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:The Commissioner or any USVI resident can commence a civil action. Civil penalties for violators are not to exceed $50,000 per day. Any knowingly or negligently discharging polluants can be crimimnally punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more

Comments:Commissioner of Planning and Natural Resources can designate and establish wildlife and marine sanctuaries, and accept monitary and animal donations from the United States. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Arthropods; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Chapter 10: Open shorelines, 12 Virgin Islands Code. The seashore has always provided recreation, meditation, and physical therapy to the residents of the USVI. The shoreline provides access to the sea and a way of life for fisherman.The law requires that the public be given access to shorelines of the USVI for use and enjoyment.

Application to Coral Reefs:The limitation on barriers, obstructions, and retraints to beach access will have a minor role in protecting coral reefs because sedimentation that would have been associated with that minor construction will not occur.

Legislative Actions:No person, firm, corporation, association or other legal entity shall create, erect, maintain, or construct any obstruction, barrier, or restraint of any nature whatsoever upon, across or within the shorelines of the USVI as defined in this section, which would interfere with the right of the public individually and collectively. to use and enjoy any shoreline.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Vertebrates; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Chapter 13: Environmental protection, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Establishes an environmental protection program for land development to prevent soil erosion and for the conservation of beaches, shorelines, and the coastal zone of USVI. Rules and Regulations were to prevent improper development of land and harmful environmental changes.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Earth Change Plan review will indicate any adverse environmental impacts, including those that could effect coral reefs such as sedimentation.

Legislative Actions:The law requires an "Earth Change Plan" from the Department of Planning and Natural Resources before any land can be cleared, graded, filled, or otherwise disturbed. Violation from the approved Earth Change Plan is punishable by a fine of $200 per day per violation. Violation of other portions of the Chapter is punishable by $5,000 fine or one year imprisionment per violation. Development in the first tierof the coastal zone requires a coastal zone permit.

Comments:Chapter 13 includes comprehensive erosion and sediment control measures applicable to public and private developments including construction and maintenance of streets and roads. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management; Shoreline Armoring
Chapter 17: Oil soil prevention and pollution control, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Prohibits the discharge of oil, petroleum products or their by-products, and other pollutants into or upon any coastal waters, estuaries, tidal flats, beaches, and land adjoining the seacoast of the Territory. Requires prompt containment and removal of petroleum.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects ecosystems, including coral reefs, from petroleum spills and provides for cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Established the Virgin Island Coastal Protection Fund of $1,000,000 for cleanup response. Prohibits derilict vessels upon any public waters or ports. Provides for civil penaltiesup to $50,000per day. Requires a National Contingency Plan.

Comments:Because it is the intent of this chapter to provide the means for rapid and effective cleanup and to minimize damages, any licensee and its agents or servants, including vessels destined for or leaving a licensee's terminal facility, who permits or suffers a prohibited discharge or other polluting condition to take place within territorial boundaries shall be liable to the territory for all costs of cleanup or other damage incurred by the territory and for damages resulting from injury to others. The territory shall have an absolute maritime lien which shall attach to any vessel and its freight on behalf of the territory or any person injured, for all costs of cleanup and other damages incurred as a result of a prohibited discharge. In any suit to enforce claims of the territory under this chapter, it shall not be necessary for the territory to plead or prove negligence in any form or manner on the part of the licensee or any vessel. If the territory is damaged by a discharge prohibited by this chapter it need only plead and prove the fact of the prohibited discharge or other polluting condition and that it occurred. In addition to the civil penalty, the pilot and the master of any vessel or person in charge of any licensee's terminal facility who fails to give immediate notification of a discharge to the harbor master and nearest U.S. Coast Guard station shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not less than $5,000 nor more than $10,000. The Department shall, by rules and regulations, require that the licensee designate a person at the terminal facility who shall be the person in charge of that facility for the purposes specified by this section. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Water Resources
Chapter 2: Protection of indigenous, endangered and threatened fish, wildlife and plants, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates activities, including scientific research, that could affect indigenous species and species considered at risk (threatened) or endangered, establishes species of special concern and habitats that should be protected, requires permits for trimming mangroves

Application to Coral Reefs:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Legislative Actions:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Chapter 21: Virgin Islands coastal zone management, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Protect, maintain, preserve and, where feasible, enhance and restore, the overall quality of the environment in the coastal zone, the natural and man-made resources therein, and the scenic and historic resources of the coastal zone for he benefit of residents of and visitors of the USVI

Application to Coral Reefs:The Legislature stated coastal zone protection will conserve ecologically significant resource areas for their contribution to marine productivity and value as wildlife habitats, and preserve the function and integrity of reefs, marine meadows, salt ponds, mangroves and other significant natural areas. The legislation will also maintain or increase coastal water quality through control of erosion, sedimentation, runoff, siltation and sewage discharge.

Legislative Actions:Any violation of the chapter will be grounds for revocation or suspension of coastal zone permit and an order to cease and desist. Any person who violates any provision of the chapter shall be subject to a civil fine not to exceed $10,000 per day. Exemplary damages may be assessed at the discretion of the court.

Comments:Section 908 of the law shows Coastal Zone Boundaries. Section 909 shows areas of special concern. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring
Chapter 3: Trees and vegetation next to waterways, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Establishes buffer zone for protecting natural watercourses from vegetation clearing. The buffer zone either 30 feet from the center of the natural watercourse, or 25 feet from its edge, whichever is greater.

Application to Coral Reefs:Assists in erosion control and can protect reefs from harmful sedimentation, if the stream or river sediment is capable of reaching the coral reef. Vegetation along river and stream banks will remove nutrients and assist in preventing eutrophocation of waters that can reach coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Enforcement is by conservation officers with assistance from local police when required. Penalties are fines of not more than $100, or 180 days in jail, or both

Comments:Permits can be obtained if the purpose of clearing is for development. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management; Shoreline Protection; Wetlands
Chapter 7: Water pollution control, 12 Virgin Islands Code. In coordination with EPA through Section 401 of the Clean Water Act, establishes controls for the discharge of wastewater and other pollutants to waters of the USVI, sets water quality standards. The Commissioner sets water quality standards applicable to he United States Virgin Islands to protect the public health and welfare and the present and future usa of such waters for public water supplies, propagation of fish, aquatic life and wildlife , recreational purposes and other legitamate uses. The standards are to be reviewed every three years.

Application to Coral Reefs:Water of polluted quality is detrimental to propagation and survival of coral reef organisms. Setting appropriate water quality standards will play a major role in protecting coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Commissioner or any USVI resident can commence a civil action. Civil penalties for violators are not to exceed $50,000 per day. Any knowingly or negligently discharging polluants can be crimimnally punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more than $75,000 per day of violation. A second conviction can be punishable up to a fine of $100,000, six years in jail, or both.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Biocriteria; Discharges; Health Policies; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Chapter 9A: Commercial fishing, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Establishes regulations to preserve, manage and protect fishery resources through regulation of fishing in marine, estuarine, and freshwaters

Application to Coral Reefs:"Subject to the provisions of federal laws pertaining to the proprietary rights of the Government of the United States, all species of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, animals, plants and all other species comprising the marine, estuarine, and freshwater fauna and flora within the jurisdiction of the territory, excluding all privately owned ponds not exceeding fifty (50) acres, are hereby declared to be the property of the Government of the United Stattes Virgin islands and of common ownership and public use. They may be freely fished, caught, utilized od traded, subjec t to the limitations of this chapter and the rules and regulations for its enforcement."

Legislative Actions:Conservation Officers can board vessels to inspect catches and can lift 'pots' from the water to inspect their contents. Violations are a misdemeaner with a fine of not more than $500.

Comments:"Subject to the provisions of federal laws pertaining to the proprietary rights of the Government of the United States, all beds and bottoms of navigable rivers, streams, lagoons, lakes, sounds, inlets, bays, roadsteads, harbors, oceans, seas or other bodies of water within the jurisdiction of the territory shall be the property of the territory except such as may be held under some grant or alienation heretofore made. No grant, sale, lease or other conveyance of any water bottom shall hereafter be made by the territory or any official thereof." 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code §§ 7400 et seq. To ensure Americans have clean air to breath, and to protect the environment from air pollution. Regulates air emmissions from area, stationary and mobile sources. Charges federal land managers with direct responsibility to protect the "air quality and related values" of land under their control. The "related values" include fish and widlife and their habitats. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibility for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act would decrease carbon dioxide emissions from sources in the United States, thereby making a contribution toward reducing ocean acidification, which is one of the problems contributing to coral reef decline.

Legislative Actions:Response will differ from State to State because many Sates have been delegated to administer the Clean Air Act. However, States cannot have air quality standards less stringent then the federal standards. State air pollution agencies hold permit hearings and fines industries that violate air quality limits. States must develop state implementation plans that require approval by EPA.

Comments:The 1990 amendments authorized the Acid Deposition Control Program, a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, established permit program requirements, expanded and modified the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and expanded and modified enforcement authority. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Transportation Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Clean Water Act of 1974, 33 United States Code § 1252. To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act can be used to establish water quality standards for the disharge of pollutants into surface waters. Section 101 (3) stated that it will be the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts will be prohibited. The legislation employs a variety of regulatory and nonregulatory tools to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. The tools are employed to achieve the broad goal of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters so they can support "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water."

Legislative Actions:During the late 1980's, the program shifted from program-by-program, source by source, pollutant-by-pollutant approach to more holistic water-shed strategies. Under the watershed approach equal emphasis is placed on protecting healthy waters and restoring impaired waters. Also during the 1980's, voluntary programs for nonpoint runoff and regulatory programs for wet weather point sources began to be addressed.

Comments:The Federal Water Pollution Contrl Act Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500, replaced the previous language of the Act entirely, including the Water Quality Act of 1965, the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, all of which had been amendments of the Water Pollution Control Act first passed in 1956. The 1977 amendments, PL 95-217, further amended PL 92-500. 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territories 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Drinking Water Supply; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 (CBRA), 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. Promote more appropriate use and conservation of coastal barriers along the Atlantic, Gulf and Great Lakes coastlines. Minimize the loss of human life; reduce wasteful expenditures on shoreline development; minimize damage to wildlife, marine life, and other natural services, and establish a coastal barrier resources system.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restrict most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals. 		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coral; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Wetlands
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1451-1456. Preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the Nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present.

Legislative Actions:In addition, the Act authorized a national system of estuarine sanctuaries and the establishment of national field laboratories with a 50/50 cost-sharing grants with coastal states.

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States; State Coastal Waters 		City Planning; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended through 2004,. A voluntary national program to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans and requires that "any federal activity within or outside of the coastal zone that affects any land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone" shall be "consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the enforceable policies" of a state's coastal zone management plan. The law includes an Enhancement Grants program for protecting, restoring, or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands. It also establishes the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, guidelines for estuarine research, and financial assistance for land acquisition.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present.

Legislative Actions:The 1985 amendments (PL 99-272) established the National Estuarine Reserve Research System a State-Federal process for designating national reserves and guidelines for estuarine research.The 1990 amendments (PL 101-508) established new Enhancement Grants for eight specific areas, including protecting, restoring or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands and assessing the cumulative effects of coastal development on coastal wetlands and fishery resource. Also, the 1990 statute established a new Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The 1998 and 2004 (PL 105-383 and PL 108-456) established a program for the prevention and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia, and included authorization for a representative of the Department of Interior to assess the economic and ecological impacts of algal blooms and hypoxia.

Comments:If implemented, the programs for economic, ecological and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia would be useful for coral reef issues. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Economic Markets & Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, "Superfund", 42 United States Code §§ 9601-9675. Provides Liability, compensation, cleanup, and emergency response for hazardous substances released into the environment.

Application to Coral Reefs:If a hazardous waste is spilled or discaharge illegally at or near a coral reef, the CERCLA could be used for rapid response and cleanup of the spill or discharge.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Remediation; Waste Management Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, 16 United States Code § 6401 (2000). To preserve, sustain, and restore the condition of coral reef ecosystems, to promote the wise management and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems, to benefit local communities and the Nation, to develop sound scientific information on the condition of coral reef ecosystems and threats to the ecosystems, to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by supporting and financing conservation programs including local and non-governmental programs, establish a formal mechanism for collecting and allocating monetary donations from the private sector to be used for coral reef conservation projects

Application to Coral Reefs:Allowed the development of programs and projects, and provided financing for developing sound scientific data to preserve and restore coral reefs. Continued the Coral Reef Task Force and Coral Reef Initiative started under Executive Order 13089 (1998).

Legislative Actions:Provided funding for matching grants, encouraged education and outreach, encouaged cooperative conservation and management through partnerships with other federal, state, regional and local partners including citizen groups.

Comments:The Act is administrative, not regulatory. It established four major programs; (1) The National Coral Reef Action Strategy established goals for research, monitoring and conservation, (2, 3) The Coral Reef Conservation Program and Coral Reef Conservation Fund provided financial assistance for coral reef projects, (4) the National Program facilitated cooperative work between federal, state and regional efforts that work to improve coral reef ecosystems. The National Program also enhanced the public awareness of coral reefs through educational programs. The Act incorporated Executive Order 13,089 and provided coordinated funding activities through twelve federal agencies and seven states. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Coral Reefs 		Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corporate Responses; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Public Administration; Remediation; Utilities
Delegation of the Environmental Resource Program to Local Governments, 62-344 Florida Administrative Code. (1) This chapter guides the participation of counties, municipalities and local pollution control programs in an efficient, streamlined permitting system by setting forth the procedures and requirements for delegations of all or a part of the environmental resource permit program from the Department and water management districts to local governments in accordance with the provisions of Sections 373.103(8) and 373.441, F.S. This chapter also constitutes the Department�s authorization, in accordance with Section 373.103(8), F.S., for delegations of the environmental resource permit program from the water management districts to local governments provided that the procedures for delegation contained in this chapter are followed by the Districts. Delegations from the Department and Districts shall be for the respective environmental resource permit program responsibilities of the Department and the Suwannee River, St. Johns River, Southwest Florida and South Florida Water Management Districts, as set forth in operating agreements listed in Chapter 62-113, F.A.C. Delegation agreements between the Department and local governments shall be listed in Chapter 62-113, F.A.C., and delegation agreements between the Districts and local governments shall be listed in Chapters 40B-1, 40C-1, 40D-1, and 40E-1, F.A.C. (2) Nothing in this chapter shall preclude the Department, Districts, and local governments from entering into contracts or interagency agreements as provided by law. (3) Except as specifically provided in this chapter, nothing herein shall prevent a local government from adopting and implementing an environmental regulatory program pursuant to its own authority. (4) It is an objective of the Department and Districts to protect the functions of entire ecological systems, as defined and developed in the programs, rules and plans of the Department and water management districts. It is the intent of the Department and Districts that any local government receiving delegation of all or a portion of the environmental resource program carry out that program in a manner consistent with this objective. This paragraph shall not be construed or applied as additional permitting criteria beyond those adopted by the reviewing agency or the local government.

Application to Coral Reefs:In theory, delegating stormwater pond construction and wetland functional determinations, as well as most otrher issues related to stormwater and wetlands, to local government will produce more efficient permitting and oversight. Therefore, treated water that is discharged and reaches any ecosystem should contain less contamination than the same water if it had not treated.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Guides the participation of counties, municipalities and local pollution control programs in an efficient, streamlined permitting system by setting forth the procedures and requirements for delegations of all or a part of the environmental resource permit program from the Department and water management districts to local governments 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Manufacturing & Trade; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Delineation of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters, 62-340 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2000). The Rule's intent is to provide a unified statewide methodology for the delineation of the extent of wetlands to satisfy the mandate of Section 373.421, F. S.

Application to Coral Reefs:Preservation of wetlands will allow them to continue to function as buffers for sediment and contaminant control keeping them from reaching estuarine and marine waters and eventually habitats including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative and methodological for delineation purposes.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Drinking Water Supply; Energy Policy & Development; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands
Domestic Wastewater Facilities, 62-600 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Section 403.021(2), Florida Statutes, as amended, the Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act, established that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessary to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Toward this end, Sections 403.085 and 403.086, Florida Statutes, set forth requirements for the treatment and reuse or disposal of domestic wastewater. Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, requires that any Department planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be developed as a rule. This chapter is promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of Sections 120.53(1), 120.55, 403.021, 403.051, 403.061, 403.062, 403.064, 403.085, 403.086, 403.087, 403.088, 403.0881, 403.101, 403.131, 403.161, 403.182, 403.859, and 403.918, Florida Statutes, concerning domestic wastewater facilities. - 442 (2) The requirements of this chapter represent the specific requirements of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and of Local Pollution Control Programs approved and established pursuant to Section 403.182, Florida Statutes, where such authority has been delegated to those programs. It may be necessary for domestic wastewater facilities to conform with requirements of other agencies, established via interagency agreements (e.g., for mosquito control); the absence of reference to such arrangements in this chapter does not negate the need for compliance with those requirements. (3) The purpose of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., is to provide minimum standards for the design of domestic wastewater facilities and to establish minimum treatment and disinfection requirements for the operation of domestic wastewater facilities. All systems shall be designed in accordance with sound engineering practice. Supported by moderating provisions, it is intended that Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., establish a framework whereby design flexibility and sound engineering practice can be used in developing systems with which to manage domestic wastewater in an environmentally sound manner. (4) As appropriate, Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., shall be used in conjunction with other Department rules relating to the design and operation and maintenance of domestic wastewater facilities. (5) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities (including residuals management facilities). (a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and modifications or expansions of existing facilities that submit complete permit applications to the Department after July 1, 1991. (b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit complete applications for permit renewal after July 1, 1991. (6) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications on or before July 1, 1991, may: (a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the time the permit was issued and with the conditions of the existing construction or operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or (b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter. (7) The standards and requirements of Part II of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., and Rules 62-600.500 and 62-600.530, F.A.C., shall be applicable to septic tank drainfield systems and other on-site waste treatment systems with subsurface disposal regulated by this chapter. The reliability requirements of paragraph 62-600.400(1)(b), F.A.C., shall not apply to such septic tank drainfield systems and other on-site waste treatment systems. (8) The discharge limitation of subsection 62-600.510(4), F.A.C., shall not be applicable to facilities permitted on or before January 1, 1982, that discharge into Class II waters or Class III waters which are subsequently reclassified as Class II waters. (9) This chapter provides for exemptions, allowances for existing facilities and variations from standards and requirements. Unless specifically provided otherwise, no wastewater permit shall be issued or renewed unless the permit applicant demonstrates that the subject facility is in compliance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:Setting construction and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the processes for planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant monitoring, 62-601 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, as amended, part of the Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act, requires that any Department operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be developed as a rule. This rule is promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of the Act concerning domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring. (2) The purpose of Chapter 62-601, F.A.C., is to ensure that owners and operators of domestic wastewater treatment facilities maintain accurate records and submit reports required by this Chapter in a timely, accurate, cost-effective and uniform manner. (3) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities (including residuals management facilities). The standards and requirements are not applicable to facilities described in Rules 62-600.120(1) and (2), F.A.C. (a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and modifications or expansions of existing facilities that submit complete permit applications to the Department after July 1, 1991. (b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit complete applications for permit renewal after July 1, 1991. (4) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications on or before July 1, 1991 may: (a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the time the permit was issued and with the conditions of the existing construction or operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or (b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:Setting monitoring requirements and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:to implement the provisions and requirements concerning domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Discharge Limitations; Manufacturing & Trade; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Dredge and Fill Activities, 62-312 Florida Administrative Code. This part provides the requirements and procedures for obtaining permits and jurisdictional declaratory statements from the Department pursuant to Sections 403.91 through 403.929, F.S. Dredging or filling which is grandfathered by subsections 403.913(6), (8) and (9), F.S., is governed by Rules 62-312.150 and 62-312.160, F.A.C. The requirements of this part are in addition to and not in lieu of the water quality standards which are required by other portions of these sections. Except for the definitions contained in Rule 62-312.020, F.A.C., which shall also apply to activities regulated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., the provisions of this Part shall only apply to activities in the geographical territory of the Northwest Florida Water Management District and to activities grandfathered under Sections 373.414(9), (11), (12)(a), (13), (14), (15) and (16), F.S. Specific Authority 373.414(11)-(16), 373.4145, 403.805(1) FS. Law Implemented 373.409, 373.413, 373.414(9), (11), (12)(a), (13), (14), (15), (16), 373.4145, 373.416, 373.418, 403.061, 403.813, 403.814 FS. History�New 12-10-84, Amended 8-7-85, Formerly 17-12.010, 17-312.010, Amended 10-3-95.

Application to Coral Reefs:The permit reviewers will require BMP for dredge and fill activities. This will include siltation reduction methods that will keep sediment, nutrient and other contaminants from leaving the work site and getting into the water column and potentially reaching sensitive ecosysten, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This part provides the requirements and procedures for obtaining permits and jurisdictional declaratory statements from the Department for dredge and fill activities. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters 		Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Large Ships; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Toxics
Electric Power Siting, 62-017 Florida Administrative Code. 62-17.011 General. (1) The purpose of Part I is to implement the provisions of the Florida Electrical Power Plant Siting Act, Sections 403.501 - 403.518, F.S., as amended. (2) The department promulgates Part I pursuant to the charge of the legislature to provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state. (3) This Part addresses applications for certification of: (a) A new site for a steam or solar electrical power plant; (b) The construction and operation of additional steam or solar electrical generating units to be located at sites which have been previously certified for an ultimate site capacity; and (c) An existing power plant site which had or had applied for permits prior to the effective date of the Act. Specific Authority 403.504(1), 403.517(1)(a), FS. Law Implemented 403.504(2)(3)(5), 403.517, 403.5175, FS. History - New 5-7-74, Amended 12-27-77, Formerly 17-17.01, Amended 5-9-83, Formerly 17-17.011, Amended 2-1-99.

Application to Coral Reefs: To provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state. (3) This Part addresses applications for certification of: (a) A new site for a steam or solar electrical power plant;

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Building & Home Construction; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; Energy Policy & Development; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Point & Mobile Source Controls
Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986, 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. Promote the conservations of wetlands for public benefit and to assist in the compliance with international obligations under various treaties and conventions for migratory birds.

Application to Coral Reefs:Indirect application to protection of coral reefs through wetland functions of nutrient (particularly nitrogen) and sediment removal from land-based discharges prior to their entrance into open coastal waters.

Legislative Actions:Authorizied the purchase of wetlands from the land and Water Conservation Fund monies. Required States to include wetlands in their Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans.

Comments:Secretary of Interior was required to establish a National Wetland Priority Conservation Plan to identify the locations and types of wetlands that should be priorities for state and federal acquisition. The Act established various fee schedules for entering national wildlife refuges.   		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Endangered and Threatened Species; Critical Habitat for Threatened Elkhorn and Staghorn Corals, 73 Federal Register § 6895 (2008). To make it unlawful, to import or export the species into or from the US, to take the species within the US or territorial seas of the US, to take the species upon the high seas, to possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, or ship by any means whatsoever the species taken in violation, to deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce, by any means whatsoever and in the course of a commercial activity the species, to sell or offer for sale in interstate or foreign commerce the species, to violate any regulation pertaining to the species.

Application to Coral Reefs:The deignation of Acropa palmeta and Acropa cervicornis as threathened species will allow the species advantages in recovery. The designation protects the reef habitat because the species must have the reef to reproduce and grow.

Legislative Actions:Section 11 of the ESA provides civil and criminal penalties for a violation of the ESA.

Comments: 		NOAA

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Recreational Opportunities; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Endangered and Threatened Species; Critical Habitat for Threatened Elkhorn and Staghorn Corals; Final Rule, 73 Federal Register § 72210. We, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), issue a final rule designating critical habitat for elkhorn (Acropora palmata) and staghorn (A. cervicornis) corals, which we listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA), on May 9, 2006. Four specific areas are designated: the Florida area, which comprises approximately 1,329 square miles (3,442 sq km) of marine habitat; the Puerto Rico area, which comprises approximately 1,383 square miles (3,582 sq km) of marine habitat; the St. John/St. Thomas area, which comprises approximately 121 square miles (313 sq km) of marine habitat; and the St. Croix area, which comprises approximately 126 square miles (326 sq km) of marine habitat. We are excluding one military site, comprising approximately 5.5 square miles (14.3 sq km), because of national security impacts.

Application to Coral Reefs:The law protects coral habitat for elkhorn and staghorn coral which strenghtens their protection in the FKNMS, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS), issue a final
rule designating critical habitat for
elkhorn (Acropora palmata) and
staghorn (A. cervicornis) corals, which
we listed as threatened under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended (ESA), on May 9, 2006. Four
specific areas are designated: the Florida
area, which comprises approximately
1,329 square miles (3,442 sq km) of
marine habitat; the Puerto Rico area,
which comprises approximately 1,383
square miles (3,582 sq km) of marine
habitat; the St. John/St. Thomas area,
which comprises approximately 121
square miles (313 sq km) of marine
habitat; and the St. Croix area, which
comprises approximately 126 square
miles (326 sq km) of marine habitat. We
are excluding one military site,
comprising approximately 5.5 square
miles (14.3 sq km), because of national
security impacts. 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; US Territories; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas; US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Endangered Species Act of 1973, 16 United States Code §§ 1531-1544, 1361-1407. To protect animal and plant species currently in danger of extinction (endangered) and those that may become endangered in the foreseeable future (threatened). Authorized the determination and listing of species as endangered and threatened; Prohibited unauthorized taking, possession, sale, and transport of endangered species; Provided authority to acquire land for the conservation of listed species, using land and water conservation funds; Authorized establishment of cooperative agreements and grants-in-aid to states that establish and maintain active and adequate programs for endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; Authorized the assessment of civil and criminal penalties for violating the act or regulations; and Authorized the payment of rewards to anyone furnishing information leading to arrest and conviction for any violation of the act.

Application to Coral Reefs:Two species of coral are listed as threatened; elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) and staghorn coral (Acropora cervicornis). They were placed on the list in 2006.Their habitat was listed as "critical habitat" in 2008.

Legislative Actions:The Act provided for criminal and civil penalties dependent on the sections of the Act under which violations occured. Criminal penalties may be imposed up to a maximum of $50,000 and not more than one year in prison. Civil penalties may be imposed up to a maximum of $25,000. The Act provided for rewards to citizens that report violations leading to sucessful prosecution. The rewards are paid from the fine received.

Comments:Listed species and critical habitats can be found in the Federal Register. The habitats for staghohn (73FR72210) and elkhorn (73FR72210) corals were declared critical in 2008. Since the entire coral reef is habitat for the species, critical designation could offer a method of protecting and conserving the reef. In this instance, by protecting individual species and their habitat, the entire reef is protected. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration /National Marine Fisheries Service/USFish and Wildlife Service (consultations with all federal agncies responsible for section 7(a)(1) compliance

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coral; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
Environmental resource permitting procedures, 62-343 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2003). The rule provides the procedural requirements for processing environmental resource permits and obtaining formal determinations of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring permits for projects related to environmental resources will indirectly protect environmental habitats. The permits are related to stormwater managemnt systems including discharges to wetlands. The permit conditions can limit toxics, nutrients and sediment that would be discharged to the environment if the rule were not in place.

Legislative Actions:The rule is procedural and does not have fines or penalties.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Permitting & Zoning; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Environmental Resource Permitting, 62-330 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2005). Under the Chapter, DEP exercises its independent authority under Part IV, Chapter 373, F.S., to regulate surface water management systems, including activities in, on or over wetlands or other surface waters. The term "surface water management system" or "system" include stormwater mangement systems, dams, impoundments, reservoirs, appurtenant works, or works, or any combination thereof, and includes dredging and filling. "Dredging" means excavation, by any means, in surface waters or wetlands

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulating stormwater management systems, dams, reservoirs and dredging will contribute to controlling contaminates from entering estuarine and marine environments and protect ecosystems including coral reefs.,

Legislative Actions:Individual permits will contain the conditions for environmental protection.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Estuaries Protection Act of 1968, 16 United States Code §§ 1221-1226. Authorizes the Secretary of Interior in cooperation with other federal agencies and the states, to study and inventory estuaries of the united states, including land and water of the Great Lakes, and to determine whether such areas should be acquired for protection. The Secretary is also requied to encourage state and local governments to consider the importance of estuaries in their planning activities relative to federal natural resources grants.

Application to Coral Reefs:Established the congressional policy on the values of wetlands and the need to conserve their natural resources. Protection of wetlands provide coral reefs with an indirect benefit as the wetland serves the functions of nutrient removal and sediment containment

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Secretary of Interior in conjunction with other federal agencies and States

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Exec. Order No. 11593, Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment, 36 Federal Register 8921. To protect archeological or historical sites on National Wildlife Reuges. If USFWS proposes any new development activities that may affect the archeological or historic sites, USFWS may consult with federal and state historic preservation offices to comply with section 106 0f the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States
Exec. Order No. 11988, Management of Flood Prone Areas, 42 Federal Register 2691 (1977). This order requires all federal agencies to take action and avoid to the extent possible, adverse impacts over the short and long term associated with the occupation and modification of flood prone areas and to avoid direct or indirect aid to the development of flood prone areas whenever there is a viable alternative.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Landuse Management; Public Administration
Exec. Order No. 11990, Protection of Wetlands, 42 Federal Register 26961 (1977). Federal agencies are directed to provide leadership and take action to minimize the destruction, loss, or degradation of wetland and to preserve and enhance the natural and beneficial uses of wetlands.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and restoration of wetlands benefits coral reefs because wetlands stop nutrients and sediments from entering waterbodies and eventually reaching coral reefs and producing adverse effects.

Legislative Actions:The Order protects wetlands on projects on Federal lands. The agencies are to provide leadership to minimize the destruction, loss or degradation of wetlands, to preserve and enhance natural and beneficial values when carrying our their responsibilities.

Comments: 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Public Administration; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetlands
Exec. Order No. 12372, Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs, 47 Federal Register 30953 (1982). Seeks to foster intergovernmental partnerships by requiring federal agencies to use the state process to determine and address concerns of state and local elected officials with proposed federal assistance and development programs.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Public Administration
Exec. Order No. 12962, Recreational Fisheries, 60 Federal Register (1995). Federal agencies are directed to improve the quantity, function, sustainable productivity, and distribution of U.S. aquatic resources for increased recreational fishing opportunities in cooperation with states and tribes.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Exec. Order No. 12996, Management and General Public Use of the National Wildlife Refuge System, 61 Federal Register 13647 (1994). Recommended that the Executive Branch develop, in cooperation with state, local, and tribal governments, and the private sector, a coordinated Spatial Data Infrastructure to support public and develop sector applications of geospatial data.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:EO 13286 defines the role of Homeland Security

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Exec. Order No. 13089, Coral Reef Protection, 63 Federal Register 32701 (1998). Protect coral reefs. Established the US Coral Reef Task Force

Application to Coral Reefs:The Task Force was assigned duties including developing and implementing research, in conjunction with the scientific community, to identify the major causes of coral reef degradation.

Legislative Actions:No penalties for noncompliance.

Comments: 		12 federal agencies, 7 states and territories, 3 freely associated states

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territorial Waters; US Territories; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico 		Boating Regulations; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Hydrologic Management; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Exec. Order No. 13112, Invasive Species, 68 Federal Register 6183 (1990). Federal agencies are directed to prevent the introduction of invasive species, detect and rapidly respond to control populations of such species in a cost effective and environmentalyy sound manner, accurately monitor invasive species, provide for restoration of native species and habitat conditions, conduct research to prevent introduction and to control invasive species, and promote public education on invasive species and the means to address them.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:No enforcement provisions. Federal agencies are encouraged to prevent the introduction, detect and respond to control, monitor, and conduct research of invasives. Secretary of Interior established an "Invasive Species Council" to address invasive species issues.

Comments: 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Invasive Species; Political Pressure; Remediation
Exec. Order No. 13158, Marine Protected Areas, 65 Federal Register 34909 (2000). This Executive Order is meant to help protect the significant natural and cultural resources within the marine environment for the benefit of present and future generations by strengthening and expanding the Nation�s system of marine protected areas.

Application to Coral Reefs:Benefits to coral reefs within MPA's.

Legislative Actions:One of the provisions of the Act requires that the Secretary develop a scientifically based, comprehensive system of MPA's representing diverse US marine ecosystems, and the Nation's natural and cultural resources.

Comments: 		Department of Interior, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972, 5 United States Code § app. Created a formal process for federal agencies to seek advice and assistance from citizens. Any council, panel, conference, task force, or similar group used by federal officials to obtain consensus advice or recommendations on issues and policies that fall under the purview of the Act.

Application to Coral Reefs:The public sector had, and continues to participate, in many areas of the FKNMS.

Legislative Actions:The Act is the legal foundation defining how federal advisory committees operate. The law has special emphasis on open meetings, chartering, public involvement, and reporting.

Comments: 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach
Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, as amended, 16 United States Code § 742. Established a comprehensive national fish, shellfish, and wildlife resources policy with emphasis on commercial fishing industry but also with a direction to administer the Act with regard to the inherent right of every citizen and resident to fish for pleasure, enjoyment, and betterment and to maintain and increase public opportunities for recreational use of fish and wildlife.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments:The 1998 amendments promoted voluteer programs and community partnerships for the benefit of national wildlife refuges. 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Donations; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Snails & Conch; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980, 16 United States Code §§ 2901-2911. Required the Service to monitor non-game bird and fish species, identify species of management concerns, and implement conservation measures to preclude the need for listing under the Endangered Species Act.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, 16 United States Code §§ 2901-2911. To provide financial and technical assistance to the states for development, revision and implementation of conservation plans and programs for nongame fish and wildlife, and to encourage federal agencies to utilize their statutory and administrative authority to conserve and to promote the conservation of nongame fish and wildlife and their habitats.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Microorganisms; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration
Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978, 16 United States Code § 7421. Passed to improve the administration of fish and wildlife programs and amends several earlier laws, including the Refuge Recreation Act, the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act, and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956. It authorizes the Secretary to accept gifts and bequests of real and personal property on behalf of the United States. It also authorizes the use of volunteers on Service projects and appropriations to carry out volunteer programs.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Secretaries were authorized to establish, conduct and assist with national training programs for State fish and wildlife enforcement personnel.

Comments:The law provided authority to the Secretaries to enter into law enforcement cooperatives with State and other federal agencies.It expanded the use of fines, penalties and forfeiture funds received under the Endangered Species Act and Lacey Act to include the cost of shipping, storing and disposing of items. 		Secretary of Interior and Secretary of Commerce, administration primarily through US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
Fish and Wildlife Service Act of 1956, 16 United States Code § 742. Establishes a comprehensive national fish, shellfish, and wildlife resources policy with emphasis on the commercial fishing industry but also includes the inherent right of every citizen and resident to fish for pleasure, enjoyment, and betterment, and to maintain and increase public opportunities for recreational use of fish and wildlife resources. Among other things, it authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to take such steps as may be required for the development, advancement, management, conservation, and protection of fish and wildlife resources, including, but not limited to, research, development of existing facilities, and acquisition by purchase or exchange of land and water or interests therein.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Act is written for the support of commercial and recreational fisherpersons so that they enjoy the benefits of the Nation's fishery resources.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
 Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Florida Aquatic Preserves, 18-20 Florida Administrative Code. 18-20.001 Intent. (1) All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. (2) Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (3) The preserves shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance these exceptional areas of sovereignty submerged lands by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserves through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserves so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating, and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the Legislature in creating the preserves; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the act and these rules, and to assist in managing the preserves; (e) To encourage the protection, enhancement or restoration of the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions toward their natural condition, and discourage activities which would degrade the aesthetic, biological, or scientific values, or the quality, or utility of a preserve, when reviewing applications, or when developing and implementing management plans for the preserves; (f) To preserve, promote, and utilize indigenous life forms and habitats, including but not limited to: sponges, soft coral, hard corals, submerged grasses, mangroves, salt water marshes, fresh water marshes, mud flats, estuarine, aquatic, and marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, estuarine, aquatic and marine invertebrates, estuarine, aquatic and marine mammals, birds, shellfish and mollusks; (g) To acquire additional title interests in lands wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves; (h) To maintain those beneficial hydrologic and biologic functions, the benefits of which accrue to the public at large. (4) Nothing in these rules shall serve to eliminate or alter the requirements or authority of other governmental agencies, including counties and municipalities, to protect or enhance the preserves provided that such requirements or authority are not inconsistent with the act and this chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:By maintaining coastal aquatic preserves in their natural condition, mangrove forests, wetlands and submerged aquatic vegetation will perform the functions of being sediment traps and removing some contaminants such as nutrients. Therefore, they will not reach marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.  All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Waste Management Policies
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations, Federal Register § Volume 66, Number 11 (2001). NOAA established the Tortugas Ecological Reserve (a no-take zone) in the Tortugas region (Tortugas or region) of the Florida Keys to protect significant coral resources and to protect an area that serves as a source of biodiversity for the Sanctuary as well as for the southwest shelf of Florida. Establishment of the Reserve included expansion of the Sanctuary boundary to ensure that the Reserve protects sensitive coral habitats lying outside the existing boundary of the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Regulation protects significant coral resources and many marine species by providing a no-take zone.

Legislative Actions:The regulation increased the no-take zones to 24 areas. Fishing is prohibited in Tortugas north for areas that are within State waters. Diving is prohibited in Tortugas south.

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Anchoring on Tortugas Bank, Federal Register § Volume 63, Number 158 (1998). The regulation reinstates and makes permanent the temporary prohibition on anchoring by vessels 50 meters or greater in registered length on the Tortugas Bank west of the Dry Tortugas National Park within the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:Prohibition on anchoring protects coral reefs and benthic habitats from physical damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Final Rule, Code of Federal Regulations § Parts 922, 929, 937 (1997). NOAA developed the comprehensive Final Management Plan for the FKNMS and issued the Plan on January 30, 1997. Congress and the Governer of Florida were provided a 45-day period to provide certification of unacceptable regulations that needed amendments. NOAA incorporated the certified changes provided and issued the final regulations and management plan for the Sanctuary that went into effect with the publication of the final rule, including waters within the State of Florida in the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the third largest barrier coral reef in the world. Included in the FKNMS are the Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 square nautical miles of coral reefs. The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive. The Act protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, further protecting coral, mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act requires the preparation of a comprehensive management plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:The final rule codifies the Act and further defines boundaries of the Sanctuary as well as providing a list of species protected in the Sanctuary. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Protections; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Large Ships; Live Collection; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
General Authorities Act of 1970, 16 United States Code §§ 1 et seq. Reinforces the National Park Services Act by uniting all areas administered by the NPS into one National Park System. The Act assures a common preservation purpose for all units, regardless of title or designation.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Environmental Education & Outreach; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation Policies
General permit for activities seaward of the coastal construction control line, 62B-34 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2010). To implement the provisions of Section 161.053(19) F. S. providing General Permits for activities performed seaward of the Coastal Construction Control line. Persons wishing to use one or more of the General Permits as set forth in Part II of this rule chapter shall be subject to the notice provisions of subsection 62B-34.030(4) F. A. C. before any activity is conducted as authorized herein.The general conditions provided pursuant to Section 62-B34-0.50, F. A. C. , shall apply to all of the General Permits issued under this rule chapter. Strict compliance with all of the terms, conditions, requirements, limitations, and restrictions applicable to a desired General Permit under this rule chapter is required to qualify for such a permit.

Application to Coral Reefs:The rule requires erosion control BMP. Therefore, sediment from construction will not enter the marine environment and damage coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Civil fines are applicable for work done that was not authorized in the permit.

Comments: 		Florida Departrment of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction, 62-285 Florida Administrative Code. Florida LEV Program. The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) adopts this rule to establish a Florida low emission vehicle (LEV) program that implements California motor vehicle emission standards pursuant to s. 177 of the Clean Air Act. This rule refers to many sections of chapter 1, division 3, title 13 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), adopted and incorporated by reference at subsection 62-285.400(9), F.A.C. This rule also includes provisions specific to implementation in Florida.

Application to Coral Reefs:Reducing greenhouse gases will contibute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, this rule applies to any heavy-duty diesel engine powered motor vehicle. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
Ground Water Classes, Standards, and Exemptions, 62-520 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Purpose. (a) Article II, Section 7 of the Florida Constitution requires abatement of water pollution and conservation and protection of Florida�s natural resources. (b) The present and future most beneficial uses of all ground waters of the state have been designated by the Department by means of the classification system set forth in this chapter in accordance with Section 403.061(10), F.S. Water quality standards are established by the Department to protect these designated uses. (c) Because activities outside the state sometimes cause pollution of Florida�s waters, the Department will make every reasonable effort to have such pollution abated. (d) Water quality standards apply equally to and shall be uniformly enforced in both the public and private sector. (e) �Public interest� shall not be construed to mean only those activities conducted solely to provide facilities or benefits to the general public. Private activities conducted for private purposes may also be in the public interest. (f) The Commission requests the Secretary to seek and use the best environmental information available when making decisions on the effects of chronically and acutely toxic substances and carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances. Additionally, the Secretary is requested to seek and encourage innovative research and development in waste treatment alternatives that might better preserve environmental quality and at the same time reduce the energy and dollar costs of operation. (g) The present and future most beneficial uses of ground waters of the state shall be protected to ensure the availability and utility of this invaluable resource. To achieve such protection, the ground waters of the state are classified and appropriate water quality criteria for those classes are set forth in this chapter. (h) The criteria set forth in this chapter are minimum levels which are necessary to protect the designated use of ground waters. It is the intent of the Commission that permit applicants should not be penalized because of a low detection limit associated with any specific criterion.

Application to Coral Reefs:Groundwater flow will eventually bring the groundwater to an area where by intrusion it will enter waterbodies such as lakes, streams, estuaries, and the ocean. If the groundwater is contaminated, the contamination then enters the waterbody. The contaminants will affect the open water environment and degrade that system.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies
Ground Water Permitting and Monitoring Requirements, 62-522 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Unless exempted by Rule 62-520.500, 62-520.510 or 62-520.520, F.A.C., no installation shall directly or indirectly discharge into ground water any contaminant that causes a violation in the water quality standards and criteria for the receiving ground water as established in Chapter 62-520, F.A.C., except within a zone of discharge established by permit or rule pursuant to this chapter. (2) Zones of discharge shall be allowed for projects or facilities that allow direct contact with ground water listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) below, which provide beneficial discharges through wells to ground water as described in the cited rules. (a) Projects designed to recharge aquifers with surface water of comparable quality, or projects designed to transfer water across or between aquifers of comparable quality for the purpose of storage or conservation; (b) Facilities permitted under Rule 62-610.466, F.A.C., for aquifer storage and recovery of reclaimed water, subsection 62- 610.560(3), F.A.C., for ground water recharge by injection of reclaimed water, or subsection 62-610.562(4), F.A.C., for creation of salinity barrier systems by injection of reclaimed water; and (c) Department-approved aquifer remediation projects that use Class V, Group 4, underground injection control wells as described in paragraph 62-528.600(2)(d), F.A.C. A zone of discharge shall be allowed for primary standards for ground water for closed-loop re-injection systems and for the prime constituents of the reagents used to remediate site contaminants, and for the secondary standards for ground water, as specified in a Department-approved remedial action plan that addresses the duration and size of the zone of discharge, and ground water monitoring requirements. (3) Other discharges through wells or sinkholes that allow direct contact with class G-I, Class F-I, or Class G-II ground water shall not be allowed a zone of discharge. (4) Discharges that may cause an imminent hazard to the public or the environment through contamination of underground supplies of drinking water or surface water affected by the ground water. (5) Installations operated to render water fit for human consumption and which dispose non-hazardous concentrates from membrane separation technologies, such as reverse osmosis, membrane softening, ultra-filtration, and electrodialysis, through land application operations are exempt from obtaining a zone of discharge in order to discharge to ground water, provided the applicant demonstrates that the receiving unconfined aquifer exhibits a natural background total dissolved solids concentration exceeding 1500 mg/L. Installations discharging to such aquifers shall not cause a violation of primary or secondary drinking water standards at any private or public water supply well outside of the installation�s property boundary. (6) It is the intent of the Department whenever possible to incorporate ground water discharge considerations into other Department permits as appropriate, and not to require a separate permit for discharges to ground water. However, any published notice of proposed agency action on an application for a permit shall contain notice, when appropriate, that ground water considerations are being incorporated into such permits. (7) The purpose of monitoring is to ensure that the permitting of zones of discharge, or exemptions therefrom, will not cause a violation of ground water standards. Ground water monitoring is intended to allow predictions to be made of the movement and composition of the discharge plume and compliance with applicable state ground water standards at the boundary of the zone of discharge. Efforts shall be made to minimize the number and cost of monitoring wells, consistent with the ability to obtain useful and reliable information. (8) Existing installations discharging to Class G-II ground water are exempt from compliance with secondary standards outside of a zone of discharge obtained by Department permit or rule except where compliance is required under Rule 62-520.520, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Groundwater flow will eventually bring the groundwater to an area where by intrusion it will enter waterbodies such as lakes, streams, estuaries, and the ocean. If the groundwater is contaminated, the contamination then enters the waterbody. The contaminants will affect the open water environment and degrade that system.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Prohibits the discharge into ground water any contaminant that causes a violation in the water quality standards and criteria for the receiving ground water. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Waste Management Policies
Identification of impaired surface waters, 62-303 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2002). The Chapter established a methodology to identify surface waters of the state that will be included on the state's planning list of waters that will be assessed pursuant to subsections 403.067(2) and (3), Florida Statutes. It also establishes a methodology to identify impaired waters based on representative data that will be included on the state's verified list of impaired waters, for which the Department will calculate Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs), pursuant to subsection 403.067(4), F.S., and which will be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to paragraph 303(d)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA).

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Microorganisms; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Joint Coastal Permits and Concurrent Processing of Proprietary Authorizations, 62B-049 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. In the event that there is a conflict between the procedural requirements of this chapter and other procedural rules promulgated pursuant to the referenced statutes, then this chapter shall govern. The standards and criteria for issuance of joint coastal permits include the criteria for environmental resource or wetland resource permits pursuant to Chapter 62-312, F.A.C., and the rules adopted under Chapter 62-330, F.A.C., the coastal construction criteria pursuant to Chapter 62B-41, F.A.C., and any specific criteria for issuance of a joint coastal permit listed in this chapter. The criteria for the associated proprietary authorizations are found in Chapters 18-18, 18-20, 18-21, F.A.C. Specific Authority 161.055, 373.427 FS. Law Implemented 161.041, 161.055, 373.427 FS. History�New 10-12-95, Amended 2-19-98, 5-17-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring a permit with regulatory review of the construction project, in a joint review of wetland and submerged land issues, will assist in minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts from the work and such potential detrimental portions of the project (e.g. sedimentation) will not enter the marine environment resulting in ecosystem damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Lacey Act, 16 United States Code §§ 3372 et seq. The Act provides that it is unlawful for any person to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any fish or wildlifeor plant taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of any law, treaty, or regulation of the United States or in violation of any Indian tribal law whether in interstate or foreign commerce.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act makes possession, selling, transporting, importing, exporting, receiving, acquiring, and purchasing illegal under specific cases. Corals would be included.

Legislative Actions:Civil Penalties up to $10,000 per each violation or maximum criminal sanctions of $20,000 in fines and/or up to five years imprisonment. All plants and animals taken in violation of the Act are subject to forfeiture as well as all vessels, vehicles, aircraft, and other equipment used to aid in the importing, exporting, transporting, selling, receiving, acquiring, or purchasing of fish and wildlife or plants in a criminal violation for which a felony conviction is obtained where the owner should have known of the illegal transgression.

Comments: 		US Department of Agriculture/Us Border Patrol

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Aquarium Stock; Coral; Improved Technology; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Political Pressure; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965, 16 United States Code § 4601. Provides funding through receipts from the sale of surplus federal land, appropriations from oil and gas receipts from the outer continental shelf, and other sources of land acquisition. Appropriations from the fund may be used for matching grants to states for outdoor recreation projects and for land acquisition by various federal agencies, including the Fish and Wildlife Service.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of wetlands benefits coral reefs through nutrient removal and the control of sedimentation so that they do not enter near shore waters.

Legislative Actions:The legislation was amended in 1986 by the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act and required the States to identify the agencies and organizations involved in wetland management, evaluate existing and proposed wetlands protection mechanisms, assess wetlands resources, identify wetlands loss and degradation factors, and establish priorities for protection.

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Donations; Landuse Management; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management
Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976, as amended through 1996,. Provided for conservation and management of commercial and recreational fisheries in the US Exclusive Economic Zone (3-200 nautical miles offshore).

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act recognized, and stated, that one of the greatest long-term threats to viable commercial and recreational fisheries is the continued loss of marine, esturaine, and other aquatic habitats, and that habitat considerations should receive increased attention for the conservation and management of fishery resources.

Legislative Actions:The amended Act through 1996 created eight regional Fishery Management Councils and reguired foreign vessels to apply for permits to fish in US waters. The Councils develop Management plans for every fishery within their geographic region regarding guidelines for quota, bycatch caps and gear restrictions..

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
 Biocriteria; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Political Pressure; Resource Use Management; Responses
Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act as amended through January 2007, Statutes at Large §§ 94-265. National program for the conservation and management of fishery resources of the US to prevent overfishing, to rebuild overfished stocks, to facilitate the long-term protection of essential fish habitat, and to realize the full potential of the Nation's fishery resources.

Application to Coral Reefs:Promote the protection of essential fish habitat in the review of projects conducted under federal permits, licenses, or other authorities that effct or have the potential to affect such habitats. The amendments of 2006 specifically require the protection of deep sea coral habitats.

Legislative Actions:Requires government observers on board a certain number of fishing vessels. The Act provides for criminal and civil penalties dependent on the sections of the Act under which violations occured. Criminal penalties may be imposed up to a maximum of $50,000 and not more than one year in prison. Civil penalties may be imposed including seizure, forfeiture, and condemnation of property.

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Economic Markets & Policies; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Mangrove Trimming and Preservation Act, 403.9321-403.9333 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). It is the intent of the Legislature to protect and preserve mangrove resources valuable to our environmentand economy from unregulated removal, defoliation, and destruction.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and preservation of wetland systems, including mangroves, allow the systems to act as buffers to remove nutrients and sediment that could reach coral reefs and cause damage.

Legislative Actions:Permits are required prior to any trimming. A Professional Mangrove Trimmer must be present when work is being performed. Penalties can include restoration and/or mitigation.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Non-Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 16 United States Code § 1361. With certain exceptions, the Act establishes a mortiorium on the taking and importation of marine mammals, as well as products that are made from them. DOI is responsible for sea otter, walrus, polar bear, diugong and manatee. The DOC is responsible for Cretaceans and piniped other than the walrus.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The legislation mandated the use of an ecosystem-based management approach to marine resource management. The Marine Mammal Commission was established and has specific advisory and research duties. Required that government observers aboard some fishing vessels.

Comments:The Act covers all species of marine mammals and plants, including anadromous fish, except for marine ammmals, birds, and highly migratory species, all of which are covered under other laws or treaties. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Designate Protected Species; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Whales & Dolphins
Marine Mammals, 50 Code of Federal Regulations. The regulations prohibit the capture of marine mammals on land or sea in US waters and prohibits the improtation of any marine mammal product to the US (CFR 216.11-216.12) unless the person has a permit for scientific purposes (CFR 216.33-216.37).

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Political Pressure; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Whales & Dolphins
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 33 United States Code § 1401. To regulate the dumping of all types of materials into ocean waters and to prevent or strictly limit the dumping into ocean waters of any material which would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities. To regulate (1) the transportation by any person of material from the United States and, in the case of United States vessels, aircraft, or agencies, the transportation of material from a location outside the United States, when in either case the transportation is for the purpose of dumping the material into ocean waters, and (2) the dumping of material transported by any person from a location outside the United States, if the dumping occurs in the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the United States.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act has been historically used to regulate dumping of dredged materials and sewage sludge into the marine environment. The law intends to improve the conservation, understanding, management, and wise and sustainable use of marine resources, enhance public awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the marine environment, and to maintain for future generations the habitat, and ecologigal services, of the natural assemblage of living resources that inhabit those areas. Because permits are required, it can be assumed that dumping would not be allowed if the material would be dispersed into a sensitive habitat such as coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:EPA may assess an administrative civil penalty up to $50,000 per person. Higher penalties can be assessed for dumping medical waste (up to $125,000). Each day in violation constitutes a separate offense. Continuing violations can suffer criminal penalties with fines and up to five years imprisionment possible.

Comments:The Act has played a major role in regulating the disposal of dredged material into the ocean environment. However, medical and radioactive wastes, industrial wastes, as well as sewage sludge, are also regulated in the law. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biocriteria; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs); Regulations to establish a No Discharge Zone (NDZ) for State waters within the boundary of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary,Code of Federal Regulations § 40 CFR Part 140, 67 FR 35735. US EPA established a no discharge zone within the boundaies of the FKNMS pursuant to section 312 (f) (4) (a) of the Clean Water Act.

Application to Coral Reefs:Prohibition of waste discharges protects reefs system from eutrophication by the nutrients in waste (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus) as well as the debris and sediment in the waste.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Algae; Ballast Discharge; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Marine Turtle Conservation Act of 2004, 16 United States Code § 6601. The law was created to aid in the conservation of sea turtles and their nesting habitats in foreign countries by providing funds for the conservation of nesting areas, sea turtles in in their nesting habitats, and dealing with threats to sea turtle survival.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Designate Protected Species; Docks & Marinas; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 United States Code § 715. The Act established a Federal prohibition, unless permitted by regulations, to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, attempt to take, capture or kill, possess, offer for sale, sell, offer to purchase, purchase, deliver for shipment, ship, caused to be shipped, deliver for transport, carry, or cause to be carried by any means whatever, receive for shipment, transport or carriage, or export, at any time,or in any manner, any migratory bird, included in the terms of this Convention�for the protection of migratory birds�or any part, nest, or egg of such a bird.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Recent amendments to the Act increased the fine for misdemeanor convictions from $5000 to $15,000.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Designate Protected Species; Marine Birds; Resource Use Management
Mitigation Banking, 62-342 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department recognizes that, in certain instances, adverse impacts of activities regulated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., can be offset through the utilization of mitigation credits from a permitted Mitigation Bank. This rule provides criteria for this mitigation alternative to complement existing mitigation criteria and requirements. This chapter is supplemental to and does not supersede any other criteria and requirements in rules promulgated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S. (2) The Department intends that Mitigation Banks be used to minimize mitigation uncertainty associated with traditional mitigation practices and provide greater assurance of mitigation success. It is anticipated that the consolidation of multiple mitigation projects into larger contiguous areas will provide greater assurance that the mitigation will yield long-term, sustainable, regional ecological benefits. Mitigation Banks shall be consistent with Department endorsed watershed management objectives and emphasize restoration and enhancement of degraded ecosystems and the preservation of uplands and wetlands as intact ecosystems rather than alteration of landscapes to create wetlands. This is best accomplished through restoration of ecological communities that were historically present. The establishment and use of Mitigation Banks in or adjacent to areas of national, state, or regional ecological significance is encouraged, provided the area in which the Mitigation Bank is proposed to be located is determined appropriate for a Mitigation Bank and the Mitigation Bank meets all applicable permitting criteria. (3) Nothing in this chapter shall affect the mitigation requirements set forth in any Mitigation Bank agreement or any permit issued under Chapter 84-79, Laws of Florida, or Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., prior to February 2, 1994. If a permittee wishes to substantially modify a Mitigation Bank previously established by agreement or permit, the permittee must comply with this chapter. Additionally, some Mitigation Banks may be subject to the version of this section existing prior to July 1, 1996, under subsections 373.4136(9) and (10), F.S., and will not be affected by amendments adopted after that date. This chapter does not prohibit an applicant from proposing project-specific, pre-construction on-site or off-site mitigation, without establishing a Mitigation Bank.

Application to Coral Reefs:Mitigation banking in coastal wetlands, as presented in the Chapter, can provide large areas of functioning wetlands. The wetlands can function as sediment and nutrient traps keeping sediment and nutrients from entering coastal waters and damaging marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the regulations and permitting requirements for mitigation banks. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Educational & Research Opportunities; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Armoring; Waste Management Policies
Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Test Procedures, 62-242 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter pursuant to the Florida Clean Outdoor Air Law, Section 325.201, F.S., and in order to provide the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles with the necessary rules, standards, and criteria to administer the Florida Motor Vehicle Inspection Program. (2) The Legislature has directed that in order to implement the Motor Vehicle Inspection Program, the Department of Environmental Protection will set the standards and criteria listed below. (a) Designation of program area (Section 325.204, F.S.). (b) Emissions testing and inspection procedures (Section 325.206, F.S.). (c) Inspection pass/fail criteria (Section 325.206, F.S.). (d) Test equipment performance specifications (Sections 325.206, .212, and .213, F.S.). (e) Definition of low emission adjustment (Section 325.209, F.S.). (f) Inspection personnel training criteria (Section 325.213(1)(d), F.S.). (3) The Department has set the vehicle in-use emission standards at levels that are achievable with proper operation and maintenance of the various model year vehicles, if they have not been tampered with, and which will result in a significant reduction in ozone-causing air pollutant emissions from automobiles and light duty trucks. It is the Department�s intent that eligibility for emission control system performance warranty repairs of these vehicles be protected by reference to 40 CFR 85.2201 (Subpart W) � Emission Control System Performance Warranty Short Tests. (4) This chapter, and the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles rules it references, are intended as an integral part of the Department�s program to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation and stanards for air emissions will contribute to lower greenhouse gasses and assist in combating ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Transportation Policies
National Environmental Education Act of 1990, 20 United States Code § 5501. Established the Office of Environmental Education within USEPA to develop and administer a federal environmental education program in consultation with other federal natural reource management agencies.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act could be used as a tool to educate the public about the values of coral reefs

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 as amended through 1982,. Declared a national policy that will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment : promote efforts that will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere: stimulate the health and welfare of resources important to the Nation and establish a Council on Environmental Quality.

Application to Coral Reefs:Re-athorizes NEPA of 1969. Provides additional funding.

Legislative Actions:The Act potentially could protect coral reefs if the proposed federal project could have a significant impact on the reef.

Comments:The amendments did not add regulations to the Act 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Educational & Research Opportunities; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Mining; Oil & Gas Industry; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Toxics; Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 United States Code §§ 4321-4377. Requires analysis, public comment, and reporting for environmental impacts of federal actions. It stipulates the factors to be considered in environmental impact statements, and requires that federal agencies employ an interdisciplinary approach in related decision-making and develop means to ensure unqualified environmental values are given appropriate consideration, along with economic and technical considerations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requires an Environmental Assessment(EA), and potentially an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) if the project review finds there will be a significant impact. The EIS must detail the environmental impacts of the proposed action, unavoidable adverse environmental impacts, and alternatives to the proposed action. The resulting studies could protect sensitive environmental ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Act potentially could protect coral reefs if the proposed federal project could have a significant impact on the reef.

Comments:The Act is completely procedural; it does not include specific regulations. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) was created by the Act. CEQ is part of the Executive Office of the President and one of the CEQ directives is to ensure that federal programs comply with NEPA. The puprose of the EIS is to disclose to the public and resource managers the probable long- and short-term impacts of the proposed project as well as consideration of less environmentally damaging alternatives to the recommended course of action. 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Marine Debris; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 16 United States Code § 470. Congress established the federal government a full partner and a leader in historic preservation. The Act provides leadership for preservation, contributes to and give maximum encouragement to preservation and foster conditions under which our modern society and our prehistoric and historic resources can exist in productive harmony

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service as administrator and all Federal agencies participating

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Designated Uses; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1431-1445. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to designate and manage areas of the marine environment with special national significance due to their conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational, or esthetic qualities as National Marine Sanctuaries.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels, or unique habitats.

Legislative Actions:NOAA may impose civil penalties up tp $130,000 per day per violation. Criminal penalties were added in the 2000 amendments for interfering or resisting with any enforcement of the NMSA, or providing false information to the Secretary or any officer authorized to enforce NMSA. The 2000 amendments made it illegal to offer for sale, purchase, import, or export, any sanctuary resource and increased enforcement authority.

Comments:There are 13 marine sanctuaries in the National Marine Sactuary System, six of which were created after 1990. Each sanctuary has a separarte staff and program in its local region. 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; CO2; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Corporate Responses; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Political Pressure; Recreational Opportunities; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
National Park Service General Partnership Authorities of 1970, 16 United States Code § 1. The Act supplemented and clarified the National Park Service's mandate with respect to the management of the National Park System.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Designated Uses; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies
National Park Service Organic Act of 1916, 16 United States Code § 1. The Act was created to start the National Park Service within the Department of Interior for the purpose of promoting and regulating the use of federal areas such as national parks and monuments.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Created the National Park Service to be supervised by a Director.

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invasive Species; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Permitting & Zoning; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies
National Park Service, Department of Interior,. To conserve the scenery, natural and historic objects, and wildlife of the National Parks; and to provide for the enjoyment of those resources in a sustainable manner. Regulations provide for the proper use, management, government, and protection of persons, property, and natural and cultural resources within areas under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies
National Parks Omnibus Management Act of 1998, 16 United States Code § 5901. To use state-of-the art methods of scientific research to improve managemnet decisions within the NPS.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Act deals primarily with the management and operation of concessions within National Parks, but a section does mandate that state-of-the-art scientific reseach be utilized to manage the parks.

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Public Administration
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, 16 United States Code § 66. The Act defines the National Wildlife Refuge System and authorizes the Secretary of Interior to permit any use of a refuge provided such use is compatible with the major purpose for which the refuge was established.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Serice

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Construction Codes & Projects; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Donations; Landuse Management; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies
National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997, 16 United States Code § 668. Amends the National Wildlife Refuge System Act of 1966. This Act defines the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System, establishes the legitimacy and appropriateness of six priority wildlife-dependent public uses, establishes a formal process for determining compatible uses of Refuge System lands, identifies the Secretary of the Interior as responsible for managing and protecting the Refuge System, and requires the development of comprehensive conservation plan for all refuges outside of Alaska.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Serice

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Designated Uses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 2000, 16 United States Code § 6101. Established a matching grant program to fund projects that promote the conservation of neotropical migratory birds in the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Act provided competitive grants in Latin America, the Carribean, and the United States for neotropical migratory birds that winter south of the border and summer in North America. The law encourages habitat protection, education, research, monitoring, and capacity building to provide for long-term protection of neotropical migratory birds.

Comments:Over 800 species of birds are found in the United States and 500 migrate South of the border for the winter. 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States; Latin America; Caribbean 		Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Birds; Public Administration
North American Wetlands Conservation Act of 1989, 16 United States Code § 4411. Provides funding and administrative direction for the implementation of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan and the Tripartite Agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:A North American Wetlands Conservation Council was created to recommend projects to be funded under the Act to the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Canada; Mexico 		Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Marine Birds; Public Administration
Ocean Acidification and Marine pH Water Quality Criteria, 74 Federal Register § 17484 (2009). The publication is a Notice of Data Availability. EPA was making data submitted from various sources available to the public. They also were requesting additon data from the public on ocean acidification and marine pH. The data was to be reviewed to determine if a revision of the Clean Water Act (Section 304) (a) (1) was warranted.

Application to Coral Reefs:Coral reefs would be protected if ocean acidification could be controlled because it is a major detrimental parameter of living cora, contributing to their dying.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		EPA

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs 		Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Environmental Education & Outreach; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Point Source Discharges
Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 33 United States Code §§ 2701 et seq. Established limitations on liability for damages resulting from oil pollution, established a fund for the payment of compensation for such damages, mandated the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan to provide organizational structure and procedures for responding to spills.

Application to Coral Reefs:In the event of an oil spill that contaminates a coral reef, the Act could be used to determine liability and provide funds for rapid cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Can provide fines for failing to notify the appropriate federal agency of a maximum of $250,000 per day for an individual and a maximum of $500,000 for an organization. Civil penalties are authorized at $25,000 per day of violation or $1,000 per barrel of oil discharged. Prison sentences up to a maximum of fifteen years can be imposed on violators.

Comments:The Act was signed in 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdex incident. The Act improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and and provided the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills. The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was established and provided up to one billion dollars per spill incident. 		US Coast Guard/US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters 		Chemical Variables; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Non-point Source Controls; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Toxics; Wetlands
Partnerships for Wildlife Act of 1992, 16 United States Code §§ 3741-3744. Established a Wildlife Conservation and Appreciation Fund to receive appropriated funds and donations from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and other private sources to assist the state fish and game agencies in carrying out their responsibilities for conservation of non-game species.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Act authorized grants to match contributions from the Wildlife Conservation and Appreciarion Fund, and authorized grants to states for conservation programs and projects to conserve nongame wildlife species.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Reef Life
Proclamation No. 7392, The Buck Island Reef National Park, 66 Federal Register 7335-7336 (2001). 18,000 acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:The Proclamation expanded the original momument thus protecting additional coral reefs within the monument boundaries.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Proclamation No. 7399, Establishment of Virgin Islands Coral Reef National monument, 66 Federal Register 7364 (2001). Designated 12,000 marine acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:Monuments include coral reefs thereby providing the coral reefs within the monument bondaries the same protection as the designated monument areas.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Commercial Fishing Boats; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Proposed Coral Reef Conservation Act Amendments of 2005, 2007 and 2009,. To preserve, sustain, and restore the condition of coral reef ecosystems, to promote the wise management and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems, to benefit local communities and the Nation, to develop sound scientific information on the condition of coral reef ecosystems and threats to the ecosystems, to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by supporting and financing conservation programs including local and non-governmental programs, establish a formal mechanism for collecting and allocating monetary donations from the private sector to be used for coral reef conservation projects

Application to Coral Reefs:When passed, the Amendments, among other issues, would reauthorize the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 and authorize appropriations through fiscal 2012 for the coral reef conservation program and community- based planning grants. Will authorize activities designed to minimize the likelihood of vessel impacts or other physical dammage to coral reefs, including activities to identify certain at-risk coral reefs. Promote international cooperation, codify the US Coral Reef Task Force.

Legislative Actions:Provided funding for matching grants, encouraged education and outreach, encouaged cooperative conservation and management through partnerships with other federal, state, regional and local partners including citizen groups.

Comments:The amendments would not add regulations to the Act. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; CO2; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation
Refuge Recreation Act of 1963, as amended, 16 United States Code § 1962. Authorized the Secretary of the Interior to administer refuges, hatcheries, and other conservation areas for recreational use, when such uses do not interfere with the area's primary purpose. It authorizes construction and maintenance of recreational facilities and the acquisition of land for incidental fish and wildlife-oriented recreational development or protection of natural resources. It also authorizes the charging of fees for public uses.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Act established public use fees and permits, and established penalties for violations of regulations.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Refuge Revenue Sharing Act of 1935, as amended, 16 United States Code § 715. Provided for payment to counties in lieu of taxes from areas administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Counties are required to pass payments along to other units of local government within the county, which suffer losses in tax revenues due to the establishment of Service areas.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Congress can appropriate funds to make up any shortfall of payments to local governments, all lands administered by the USFWS qualify for revenue sharing payments, and payments to units of local governments can be used for any governmental purpose.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Servicw

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Public Administration
Regulation of stormwater discharge, 62-25 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1988). The discharge of untreated stormwater may reasonably be expected to be a source of pollution of waters of the state and is, therefore, subject to Department regulation. The Departmnet shall prevent pollution of waters of the state by discharges of stormwater, to ensure that the designated most beneficial uses of waters, as prescribed by Chapter 62-302, F.A.C., are protected. A permit under this chapter will be required only for new stormwater discharge facilities as defined herein. This provision shall not affect the Department's authority to require appropriate corrective action, pursuant to Sections 403.121-.161.F.S., whenever existing facilities cause or contribute to violations of state water quality standards. Stormwater discharges to groundwaters shall be regulated under the provisions of Chapters 62-520 and 62-522, F.A.C., and other applicable rules of the Department. The Department intends that, to the greatest extent practicable, the provisions of this chapter be delegated to either local governments or water management districts seeking such delegation.

Application to Coral Reefs:Limiting the contaminants and their concentrations in stormwater discharge will reduce the contamination reaching various habitats, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Floridfa Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Impervious Surfaces; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency, 62-016 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies provided for in Section 220.192, F.S. Specific Authority 377.804(3), 377.806(7), 220.192(3) FS. Law Implemented 377.801, 377.802, 377.803, 377.804, 377.806, 220.192 FS. History � New 10-22-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:The regulation could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal fired electric generating plants and thus reduce ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Requirements for Sources Subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program, 62-214 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72. Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at either 40 CFR 72.2 or 76.2 or Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. The provisions of 40 CFR Parts 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 referenced in this rule are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling toxic air emissions will contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gasses and assist in reducing ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 CFR. Part 72. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Ocean Acidity
Revised Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan §§ Public Law 101-605 (HR 5909, Public Law (2007). The document is a report on the results of NOAA's five year review of strategies and activities detailed in the 1996 Final Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The plan specifically addresses preserving and enhancing Sanctuary resources including four national wildlife refuges, six state parks, three state aquatic preserves, Key Largo Marine Sanctuary, Looe Key Marine Sanctuary and a total of 2,900 square nautical miles of coastal waters and numerous coral reefs. The sanctuary ecosystems are facing specific threats including direct human impacts such as vessel groundidngs, pollution and overfishing.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as Co-trustees

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 33 United States Code § 1252. This law prohibits the discharge of any type of refuse matter in U.S. waters without permission (section 13). In addition, the excavation, fill, or alteration of the course, condition, or capacity of any port, channel, river, or other areas within the limits of this law is prohibited. This law prohibits the construction or alteration of a structure in wetlands of the U.S. (sections 9 and 10). Construction in wetlands and waters of the U.S. requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Application to Coral Reefs:Under section 10, excavation or fill within navigable waters requires approval of the Chief of Engineers and concerns about contaminated sediments with dredge and fill projects in navigable waters is addressed within the permitting process. Indirect protection of coral reefs is offered by the Act and its prohibition of dumping refuse into navigable waters and the process of anaylzing sediment in proposed dredge and fill operations.

Legislative Actions:Violations of the law are punished under section 309 of the Clean Water Act and section 205 of National Fishing Enhancement Act. Fines imposed for violation will not be less than $10,000 per violation or more than $25,000 per violation.

Comments:Many states, including Florida, require additional permits for constuction of docks, piers, wharfs, jetties and other structures in navigable waters and wetlands in addition to the Corps of Engineers permit. Authority to issue permits for discharge of refuse matter under section 13 was modified by the amendments to Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 and established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit process. The Act was initially established to protect interstate commerce in navigable waters. The permit review process involves factors including economics, aethetics, general envitonmental concerns, historical values, water quality, and fish and wildlife impact before project approval is granted. 		US Army Corps of Engineers (COE), and US Coast Guard

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Rules and Procedures for Application for Coastal Construction Permits, 62B-041 Florida Administrative Code. No coastal construction shall be conducted without a permit issued by the Department under this chapter, unless it is determined that the coastal construction does not fall within the requirements of section 161.041, F.S., or unless the interior tidal water body is exempted by the Department pursuant to subsection 161.041(1), F.S.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring a permit with regulatory review of the construction project will assist in minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts from the work and such potential detrimental portions of the project (e.g. sedimentation) will not enter the marine environment resulting in ecosystem damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:No coastal construction shall be conducted without a permit issued by the Department under this chapter, unless it is determined that the coastal construction does not fall within the requirements of section 161.041, F.S., or unless the interior tidal water body is exempted by the Department pursuant to subsection 161.041(1), F.S. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Sediment
Rules and Procedures for Coastal Construction and Excavation, 62B-033 Florida Administrative Code (2008). (1) The beach and dune system is an integral part of the coastal system and represents one of the most valuable natural resources in Florida, providing protection to adjacent upland properties, recreational areas, and habitat for wildlife. A coastal construction control line (CCCL) is intended to define that portion of the beach and dune system which is subject to severe fluctuations caused by a 100-year storm surge, storm waves, or other forces such as wind, wave, or water level changes. These fluctuations are a necessary part of the natural functioning of the coastal system and are essential to post-storm recovery, long term stability, and the preservation of the beach and dune system. However, imprudent human activities can adversely interfere with these natural processes and alter the integrity and functioning of the beach and dune system. The control line and 50-foot setback call attention to the special hazards and impacts associated with the use of such property, but do not preclude all development or alteration of coastal property seaward of such lines. (2) In order to demonstrate that construction is eligible for a permit, the applicant shall provide the Department with sufficient information pertaining to the proposed project to show that adverse and other impacts associated with the construction have been minimized and that the construction will not result in a significant adverse impact. (3) After reviewing all information required pursuant to this rule chapter, the Department shall: (a) Deny any application for an activity which either individually or cumulatively would result in a significant adverse impact including potential cumulative effects. In assessing the cumulative effects of a proposed activity, the Department shall consider the short-term and long-term impacts and the direct and indirect impacts the activity would cause in combination with existing structures in the area and any other similar activities already permitted or for which a permit application is pending within the same fixed coastal cell. The impact assessment shall include the anticipated effects of the construction on the coastal system and marine turtles. Each application shall be evaluated on its own merits in making a permit decision; therefore, a decision by the Department to grant a permit shall not constitute a commitment to permit additional similar construction within the same fixed coastal cell. (b) Deny any application for an activity where the project has not met the Department�s siting and design criteria; has not minimized adverse and other impacts, including stormwater runoff; or has not provided mitigation of adverse impacts. (4) The Department shall issue a permit for construction which an applicant has shown to be clearly justified by demonstrating that all standards, guidelines, and other requirements set forth in the applicable provisions of Part I, Chapter 161, F.S., and this rule chapter are met, including the following: (a) The construction will not result in removal or destruction of native vegetation which will either destabilize a frontal, primary, or significant dune or cause a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system due to increased erosion by wind or water; (b) The construction will not result in removal or disturbance of in situ sandy soils of the beach and dune system to such a degree that a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system would result from either reducing the existing ability of the system to resist erosion during a storm or lowering existing levels of storm protection to upland properties and structures; (c) The construction will not direct discharges of water or other fluids in a seaward direction and in a manner that would result in significant adverse impacts. Forthe purposes of this rule section, construction shall be designed so as to minimize erosion induced surface water runoff within the beach and dune system and to prevent additional seaward or off-site discharges associated with a coastal storm event. (d) The construction will not result in the net excavation of the in situ sandy soils seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback; (e) The construction will not cause an increase in structure-induced scour of such magnitude during a storm that the structure-induced scour would result in a significant adverse impact; (f) The construction will minimize the potential for wind and waterborne missiles during a storm; (g) The activity will not interfere with public access, as defined in Section 161.021, F.S.; and (h) The construction will not cause a significant adverse impact to marine turtles, or the coastal system. (5) In order for a manmade frontal dune to be considered as a frontal dune defined under Section 161.053(6)(a)1., F.S., the manmade frontal dune shall be constructed to meet or exceed the protective value afforded by the natural frontal dune system in the immediate area of the subject shoreline. Prior to the issuance of a permit for a single-family dwelling meeting the criteria of Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., the manmade frontal dune must be maintained for a minimum of 12 months and be demonstrated to be as stable and sustainable as the natural frontal dune system. (6) Sandy material excavated seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback shall be maintained on site seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback and be placed in the immediate area of construction unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Department. (7) Swimming pools, wading pools, waterfalls, spas, or similar type water structures are expendable structures and shall be sited so that their failure does not have adverse impact on the beach and dune system, any adjoining major structures, or any coastal protection structure. Pools sited within close proximity to a significant dune shall be elevated either partially or totally above the original grade to minimize excavation and shall not cause a net loss of material from the immediate area of the pool. All pools shall be designed to minimize any permanent excavation seaward of the CCCL. (8) Major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the beach and frontal dune to permit natural shoreline fluctuations, to preserve and protect beach and dune system stability, and to allow natural recovery to occur following storm-induced erosion. Where a rigid coastal structure exists, proposed major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the rigid coastal structure to allow for future maintenance or repair of the rigid coastal structure. Although fishing piers shall be exempt from this provision, their foundation piles shall be located so as to allow for the maintenance and repair of any rigid coastal structure that is located in close proximity to the pier.(9) If in the immediate area a number of existing major structures have established a reasonably continuous and uniform construction line and if the existing structures have not been unduly affected by erosion, except where not allowed by the requirements of Section 161.053(6), F.S., and this rule chapter, the Department shall issue a permit for the construction of a similar structure up to that line. (10) In considering applications for single-family dwellings proposed to be located seaward of the 30-year erosion projection pursuant to Section 161.053(6), F.S., the Department shall require structures to meet criteria in Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., and all other siting and design criteria established in this rule chapter. (11) In considering project impacts to native salt-tolerant vegetation, the Department shall evaluate the type and extent of native salt-tolerant vegetation, the degree and extent of disturbance by invasive nuisance species and mechanical and other activities, the protective value to adjacent structures and natural plant communities, the protective value to the beach and dune system, and the impacts to marine turtle nesting and hatchlings. The Department shall restrict activities that lower the protective value of natural and intact beach and dune, coastal strand, and maritime hammock plant communities. Activities that result in the removal of protective root systems or reduce the vegetation�s sand trapping and stabilizing properties of salt tolerant vegetation are considered to lower its protective value. Construction shall be located, where practicable, in previously disturbed areas or areas with non-native vegetation in lieu of areas of native plant communities when the placement does not increase adverse impact to the beach and dune system. Planting of invasive nuisance plants, such as those listed in the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council�s 2005 List of Invasive Species � Categories I and II, will not be authorized if the planting will result in removal or destruction of existing dune-stabilizing native vegetation or if the planting is to occur on or seaward of the dune system. A copy of this list is available on the Internet at www.fleppc.org; or can be obtained by writing to the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Mail Station 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000; or by telephoning (850) 488-7708. Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction and the remediation of construction impacts shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect native salt-tolerant vegetation and native plant communities. A construction fence, a designated location for construction access or storage of equipment and materials, and a restoration plan shall be required if necessary for protection of existing native salt-tolerant vegetation during construction. (12) Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. In marine turtle nesting areas, all forms of lighting shall be shielded or otherwise designed so as not to disturb marine turtles. Tinted glass or similar light control measures shall be used for windows and doors which are visible from the nesting areas of the beach. The Department shall suspend any permitted construction when the permittee has not provided the required protection for marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation of coastal construction through permit review and modification will protect coastal ecosystems from degradation and loss and in doing so protects other marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Chapter 62B-33 Florida Administrative Code, provides the design and siting requirements that must be met to obtain a coastal construction control line permit.Approval or denial of a permit application is based upon a review of the potential impacts to the beach dune system, adjacentproperties, native salt resistant vegetation, and marine turtles.

Comments:The Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) is an essential element of Florida's coastal management program. It provides protection for Florida's beaches and dunes while assuring reasonable use of private property. Recognizing the value of the state's beaches, the Florida legislature initiated the Coastal Construction Contorl Line Program to protect the coastal system from improperly sited and designed structures which can destabilize or destroy the beach and dune system. Once destabilized, the valuable natural resources are lost, as are its important values for recreation, upland property protection and environmental habitat. Adoption of a coastal construction line establishes an area of jurisdiction in which special siting and design criteria are applied for construction and related activities.These standards may be more stringent than those already applied in the rest of the coastal building zone because of the greater forces expected to occur in the more seaward zone of the beach during a storm event. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Beach & Land Formation; Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Cruise Ships; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level
Significant amendments to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 include (1) Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990, (2) Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000, (3) Coastal Barriers Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005,. (1) Added additional areas along the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys and the Virgin Islands and established "Otherwise Protected Areas OPAs); (2) amended the guidelines for making recommendations regarding additions to the CBRS and reqired a pilot digital mapping project; (3) reauthorized CBRA and required the submission of the final digital mapping pilot project.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restricted most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals   		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Forestry; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection
Significant amendments to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972. Amendments of 1980 were PL 96-332, 1984 were PL98-498, 1988 were Title II of PL 100-627, 1992 were PL 102-587, 1996 were PL 104-283 and for 2000 were PL106-513,. Title III of the Marine Protection, Reseach and Sanctuaries Act was amended to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The amendments of 1980 mandated the terms of designation to include the geographic area included within the sanctuary and the characteristics of the area that give it conservation, recreational, ecological, or esthetic value, and the types of activities that would be subject to regulation to protect those characteristics. The 1984 amendments required a Resource Assessment Report documenting present and potential use of the area. 1998 amendments established a special use permit for commercial operations, added a section that a vessel or person causing damage to the resources of a sanctuary would be liable for both response and cleanup costs as well as damages for any sanctuary resource destroyed. Amendments of 1992 provided that Title III may be cited as 'The National Marine Sanctuaries Act." Also, federal agencies had to be consistent with the National Environmental Policy Act in commenting on proposed designations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Strenghtened the protectinon of marine sanctuaries and their resources. Some specific purposes of the Act that add to coral reef protection include; to identify and designate national marine sanctuaries of the marine environment, to maintain the natural b

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Construction Codes & Projects; Coral; Cruise Ships; Deforestation & Devegetation; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Sikes Act of 1960, 16 United States Code § 670. Promote effectual planning, development, maintenance, and coordination of wildlife, fish, and game conservation and rehabilitation in military reservations.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) required by the Sikes Act integrate many different aspects of natural resource management including endangered species, fisheries, wetlands and environmental contaminants. Protection of wetlands and regulation of the discharge of environmental contaminants on military installations can indirectly protect coral reefs by decreasing runoff to nearshore waters.

Legislative Actions:DoD must develop and implement Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans (INRMP) for nearly 380 military installations across the US. The development of the INRMP is a voluntary, cooperative effort between participating agencies.

Comments:The preparation of the INRMP between DoD, USFWS and State FWS ensures proper consideration of fish, wildlife and habitat needs. The amendments also require the control of invasive species, migratory birds, and law enforcement issues. 		Department of Defense/Department of Interior (US Fish and Wildlife Service)/State Fish and Wildlife Agencies

Jurisdiction:
US Military Installments 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Small Community Wastewater Construction Grants Program, 62-505 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Florida�s Small Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program is authorized by Sections 403.1835 and 403.1838, F.S. These statutes authorize the Department to fund the planning, design, and construction of wastewater management systems for qualifying small municipalities. (2) This chapter sets forth the Department�s program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance from the Small Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program. (3) Highest priority is given to projects that address the most serious risks to public health, are necessary to achieve compliance, or assist systems most in need based on an affordability index. Specific Authority 403.1835(10) FS. Law Implemented 403.1835(3)(d), 403.1838 FS. History � New 1-25-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:Providing financial assistance to parties interested in building wastewater treatment palnts and best available standards for construction will result in higher treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to waters of the state. Less contaminated water will reach the marine environment where it would have the potential to adversely effect ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:sets forth the program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance from the Small
Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Environmental Education & Outreach; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Sovereign submerged lands management, 18-21 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). To manage, protect, and enhance sovereignty lands so that the public may continue to enjoy traditional uses, including, but not limited to, navigation, fishing and swimming, public drinking water supply, shellfish harvesting, public recreation, and fish and wildlife propagation and management.

Application to Coral Reefs:Permitting activities on submerged lands owned by Florida will improve water quality which will indirectly protect reef systems.

Legislative Actions:These rules are to implement the administration and management responsibilities of the board and department regarding sovereign submerged lands. Responsibility for environmental permitting of activities and water quality protection on sovereign lands is vested with the Department of Environmental Protection. These rules are considered cumulative.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fisheries; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Energy Policy & Development; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
State Revolving Fund Loan Program, 62-503 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Florida�s water pollution control revolving loan program is authorized by Section 403.1835, F.S. This statute establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund, which meets federal requirements for a State Revolving Fund. The statute authorizes the Department to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems. The Act also authorizes financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. Project examples include brownfield remediation, wetland restoration, septic tank problem correction, best management practices (especially those for agricultural operations) for controlling leaching and runoff, animal waste management, boat discharge elimination, or other needs identified by the Department�s nonpoint source management program. National estuary program projects also may be eligible. (2) The federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, commonly called the Clean Water Act, authorizes federal appropriations for grants to the Department to capitalize the State Revolving Fund. The Act requires that the state contribute matching funds of 20% to qualify for federal capitalization grants. The State Revolving Fund must be operated in perpetuity by the Department. (3) This rule sets forth the Department�s program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance. Specific Authority 403.1835(5)(a) FS. Law Implemented 403.1835 FS. History - New 7-29-04.

Application to Coral Reefs:Providing financial assistance to parties interested in building wastewater treatment palnts and best available standards for construction will result in higher treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to waters of the state. Less contaminated water will reach the marine environment where it would have the potential to adversely effect ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems and to provide financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Environmental Education & Outreach; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Stationary Sources - Emission Standards, 62-296 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish emission limiting standards and compliance requirements for stationary sources of air pollutant emissions. (2) The chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. Where work practice standards, including requirements for specific types of pollution control equipment, are provided for in this chapter, such standards shall be of the same force and effect as emission limiting standards. The emission limiting and work practice standards of Rule 62-296.320, F.A.C., and Rules 62-296.401 through 62-296.480, F.A.C., are applicable statewide. The reasonably available control technology requirements are established for specific areas of the state as set forth in Rules 62-296.500, 62-296.600, and 62-296.700, F.A.C. (3) A facility or emissions unit subject to any standard or requirement of 40 CFR. Part 60, 61, 63 or 65, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall comply with such standard or requirement. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve a facility or emissions unit from complying with such standard or requirement, provided, however, that where a facility or emissions unit is subject to a standard established in this chapter, such standard shall also apply. (4) Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling air emission pollutants can assist in controlling ocean acid acidification and the damaging effect of ocean water acidification on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, the chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate Regulation; CO2; Corporate Responses; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, 42 United States Code §§ 9601 et seq. Reautorized CERCLA

Application to Coral Reefs:If a hazardous waste is spilled or discaharge illegally at or near a coral reef, the CERCLA/SARA could be used for rapid response and cleanup of the spill or discharge.

Legislative Actions:The amended Act stressed the importance of permanent and innovative treatment technologies, required Superfund actions to consider the standards and requirements found in other State and Federal environmental laws, provided new enforcement authorities and settlement tools.

Comments: 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Remediation; Security & Public Administration Policies; Waste Management Policies
Surface Water Improvement and Management Act, 62-043 Florida Administrative Code. 62-43.010 Intent. (1) In Section 373.451, F.S., the Surface Water Improvement and Management Act, the Legislature finds and declares that the water quality of many of the surface waters of the state has been degraded or is in danger of being degraded, and that it is the duty of the state through the state�s agencies and subdivisions to enhance the environmental and scenic value of surface waters. (2) Pursuant to Section 373.026(7), F.S., the Department is responsible for the exercise of general supervisory authority over all water management districts. The Department also has the responsibility, under the Surface Water Improvement and Management Act, to establish the criteria for the water management districts� development of their priority surface water lists; to approve the priority lists and management plan schedules; to review and recommend modifications or additions to the plans as needed to ensure consistency with the state water policy and the State Comprehensive Plan; to establish the uniform format for management plans; and to administer the Surface Water Improvement and Management Trust Funds.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Te SWIM Trust Fund is no langer available.

Comments:The Legislature finds and declares that the water quality of many of the surface waters of the state has been degraded or is in danger of being degraded, and that it is the duty of the state through the state�s agencies and subdivisions to enhance the environmental and scenic value of surface waters. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
Surface water quality standards in table format, 62.302.500 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). This section of Chapter 62-302 presents the water quality standards in a tabular format for each class of waters of the State.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance
Surface water quality standards, 62-302 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). The Chapter establishes the minimum concentrations of contamination that are allowable to protect the designated uses of a waterbody. Designated uses include public drinking water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife, agricultural, recreation, industrial, and navigation.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting surface waters by limiting the concentration of pollutants that can be present will control the concentrations of those pollutants that will reach estuarine and marine environments, thus protecting the associated ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Penalties are not presented in the Rule. Specific requirements and penalties are addrressed in individual permits. The Rule relies heavily on biocriteria including acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Section 400 presents the classes of Florida waters; Class I potable water supplies, Class II shellfish propagation or harvesting, Class III recreation, propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife, Class IV agricultural water supplies, Class V navigation, utility and industrial use.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designate Protected Species; Discharge Limitations; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Impervious Surfaces; Invertebrates; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Tampering with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Equipment, 62-243 Florida Administrative Code. The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish procedures to determine compliance with those parts of Section 316.2935, F.S., which provide that no person shall operate on the public roads or streets of this state any motor vehicle that has been tampered with and that no person or motor vehicle dealer as defined in Section 320.27, F.S., shall offer or display for retail sale or lease, sell, lease or transfer title to a motor vehicle in Florida that has been tampered with. Specific Authority: 316.2935, F.S. Law Implemented: 316.2935, 316.6105, 318.18, 325.209, F.S. History.: New 2-21-90, Amended 5-29-90, Formerly 17-243.100.

Application to Coral Reefs:Vehicles with properly operating air pollution control equipment will dischage less air polllutants and will contribute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust by ensuring that that the air pollution control equipment of the motor
vehicle has not been tampered with. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
The DPNR states that wetlands in the Virgin Islands are covered by the Clean water Act and the Endangered and Indigenous Species Act of 1990 (Title 12, Chapter 2, US Virgin Island Code,. To protect wetlands and wetland species from degradation, loss as a result of dredging and filling.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of wetlands assists in controlling sedimentation and nutrient runoff from terrstrial locations, thus protecting coral reefs that are influenced by terrestrial sources.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:The wetlands portion of the USVI Division of Environmental Protection website was under construction at the time of this atlas preparation.  However, it appears that DEP works with the USACE and USEPA on matters related to wetlands. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Wetlands
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act, Public Law 101-605 (H.R. 5909 United States Code (1990). To protect the resources of the area delineated in section 5(b) of the Act, to educate and interpret for the public regarding the Florida Keys marine environment, and to manage such human uses of the Sanctuary consistent with the Act. Nothing in the Act is intended to restrict activities that do not cause adverse effects to the resources or property of the Sanctuary or that do not pose harm to the users of the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the thrid largest coral reef barrier in the world. Included in the FKNMS are Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 squared nautical miles of coral reefs.The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive in the Sanctuary. From Miami to the Marquesas Keys there are over 6000 patch reefs. The Act also protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, futher protecting mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act required the preparation of a comprehensive mangement plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:Large vessel groundings on coral reefs in the Florida Keys was a major driver for the designation of the Sanctuary. In 1989, there were three groundings of large commercial vessels on the coral reef tract within an eighteen day period. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as lead agency and Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, and Monroe County as Co-Trustees

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Transportation
The Sustainable Fisheries Act, 23 §§ 104-297 (1996). To amend the Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act to authorize appropriations, to provide for sustainable fisheries, and for other purposes.

Application to Coral Reefs:The law recogonizes that direct and indirect habitat losses have resulted in a diminshed capacity to support existing fish levels. Habitat considerations should receive increased attention for conservation and management of fishery resources in the United States. Therefore, the Act encourages, though not indirectly, the protection of coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Economic Markets & Policies; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Total maximum daily loads, 62-304 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). The Chapter establishes Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), and their allocations, for waters that have been verified to be impaired by a pollutant pursuant to Chapter 62-303. F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Envitonmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
United States; State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Biomedical Research Policies; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Impervious Surfaces; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-345 (2005). Establishes a methodology that provides a standard procedure for assessing the functions provided by wetlands and other surface waters, the amount that those functions are reduced by a proposed impact, and the amount of mitigation necessary to offset that loss.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting wetlands provides wetland areas that can act as buffers against nutrients, pollutants and contaminants from reaching habitats including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is administrative and provides methods to assess wetland value and appropriate mitigation to offset impact.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands
Water quality based effluent limitations, 62-650 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To implement the provisions of Section 403.051, 403.085 through 403.088 concerning the development of effluent limitations for wastewater facilities.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Florida Air and Water Pollution Act establishes that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessay to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Requiring treatment of industrial and domestic waste water indirectly protects adjoining ecosystem, such as reefs, by limiting the pollutant that reach these other systems.

Legislative Actions:The Department shall not issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state, unless the Department has established an efflent limit for those pollutants in the discharge that are present in quantities or concentrations which can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute, directly or indirectly, to a violation of any water quality standard established in rule 62-302. The effluent limit may be a technology based effluent limit (TBEL), a water quality based effluent limit (WQBEL) determined by a Level 1 process, or where applicable, a WQBEL determined by a Level 2 process.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Domestic Animal Waste; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Water Resource Implementation Rule, 62-40 Florida Administrative Code (2006). The Chapter is intended to provide water resouirce implementation goals, objectives and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources. A goal of the Chapter is to coordinate the management of water and land resources. It is the objective of the State to protect the functions of the entire ecological systems, as developed and defined in the programs, rules, and plans of the Department and water management districts. It is a goal of the Chapter that sufficient water be available for all existing and future reasonable-beneficial uses and the natural systems and that adverse effects of competition for water supplies be avoided.

Application to Coral Reefs:By protecting the functions of entire aquatic ecological systems, those waters will contain less contaminants when they are discharged and meet other natural water bodies including marine ecosystems. Cleaner water will result in less ecological strees to marine ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This Chapter is intended to provide water resource implementation goals, objectives, and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources, based on statutory policies and directives in Chapters 187, 373, and 403, Florida Statutes. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies
Water Resources Planning Act of 1965, as amended through 2000, 42 United States Code § 1692. Established the Water Resources Council to be comprised of Cabinet representatives, including the Secretary of the Interior. The Council reviews river basin plans with respect to agricultural, urban, energy, industrial, recreational, and fish and wildlife needs. The Act also established a grant program to assist states in participating in the development of comprehensive water and land use plans.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Agriculture; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Wetland applications, 62-611 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To provide qualitative and quantitative design criteria discharge limits, permitting requirements, and monitoring requirements for wetlands, man-made and natural, receiving domestic wastewater.

Application to Coral Reefs:Because wetlands act as buffers and remove nutrients from contaminated water, in many case the nutrients will not reach the estuarine and marine environments and potentially have an adverse effect on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative in nature and specific pollutant limits and monitoring requirements are specified in individual permits

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Wilderness Act of 1964, 16 United States Code §§ 1131-1136. Directs the Secretary of the Interior to review every roadless area of 5,000 acres or more and every roadless island regardless of size within the National Wildlife Refuge System, and to recommend suitability of each such areas. The Act permits certain activities within designated wilderness areas that do not alter natural processes. Wilderness values are preserved through a "minimum tool" management approach, which requires refuge managers to use the least intrusive methods, equipment, and facilities necessary for administering areas.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Specific wilderness areas, Acreages, and establishing legislation are listed in -Annual Report of Lands Under Control of the USFWS-available from the Division of Realty, USFWS.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Designated Uses; Resource Use Management

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