ReefLink Database

Regulating Services
Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation.
CMap
CMap Description
Reef organisms provide a number of regulating services, including shoreline protection and climate regulation. Carbon storage and processing by coral, algae, and wetland plants convert atmospheric CO2 into biomass, and can contribute to climate regulation. Stony coral provide the foundation for the reef structure that can attenuate wave energy, protecting the shoreline from erosion or flooding during storms or hurricanes. Regulating services can improve air quality, reduce risks of injury or death to humans, and reduce damage to homes and buildings. Many of the same socio-economic sectors that benefit from regulating services also create pressures on the reef through coastal development, pollution, and harvesting. Valuation methods and scientific research can be used to determine the value of regulating services.Citations
Citation | Year | Study Location | Study Type | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Principe, P., P. Bradley, S. Yee, W. Fisher, E. Johnson, P. Allen, and D. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying Coral Reef Ecosystem Services. EPA/600/R-11/206, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. | 2012 | Global | Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beach & Land Formation; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Contribution of Jamaica�s Coral Reefs. World Resource Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). | 2011 | Global; Jamaica | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation |
Alvarez-Filip, L; Cote, IM; Gill, JA; Watkinson, AR; Dulvy, NK. 2011. Region-wide temporal and spatial variation in Caribbean reef architecture: is coral cover the whole story? Global Change Biology 17:2470-2477. | 2011 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral |
Boizard, SD; Mitchell, SJ. 2011. Resistance of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) seedlings to deflection and extraction. Trees - Structure and Function 25:371-381. | 2011 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean | Mangroves; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | |
Bostrom, C., S. J. Pittma, C. Simenstad, and R. T. Kneib. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. | 2011 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection | |
Bostrom, C; Pittman, SJ; Simenstad, C; Kneib, RT. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. | 2011 | South & Central America; Mexico | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Docks & Marinas; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection |
Bover-Arnal, T; Jaramillo-Vogel, D; Showani, A; Strasser, A. 2011. Late Eocene transgressive sedimentation in the western Swiss Alps: Records of autochthonous and quasi-autochthonous biofacies on a karstic rocky shore. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 312:24-39. | 2011 | Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Burt, J; Bartholomew, A; Sale, PF. 2011. Benthic development on large-scale engineered reefs: A comparison of communities among breakwaters of different age and natural reefs. Ecological Engineering 37:191-198. | 2011 | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Turf Algae | ||
Cruz-Trinidad, A; Geronimo, RC; Cabral, RB; Alino, PM. 2011. How much are the Bolinao-Anda coral reefs worth? Ocean and Coastal Management 54:696-705. | 2011 | Philippines | Model; Index or Indicator | Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Engle, V. D. 2011. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services by Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands. Wetlands DOI10.1007/s13157-010-0132-9. | 2011 | South & Central America; Mexico | Review | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands |
Gelfenbaum, G; Apotsos, A; Stevens, AW; Jaffe, B. 2011. Effects of fringing reefs on tsunami inundation: American Samoa. Earth-Science Reviews 107:12-22. | 2011 | Maldives; India; Samoa; American Samoa | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Hackradt, CW; Felix-Hackradt, FC; Pichler, HA; Spach, HL; Santos, LDOE. 2011. Factors influencing spatial patterns of the ichthyofauna of low energy estuarine beaches in southern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91:1345-1357. | 2011 | Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Salinity; Shoreline Protection | ||
Hamylton, S. 2011. The use of remote sensing and linear wave theory to model local wave energy around Alphonse Atoll, Seychelles. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 95:349-358. | 2011 | Seychelles | Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection |
Hoeke, R., C. Storlazzi, and P. Ridd. 2011. Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction. Journal of Geophysical Research 116:1-19. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Hoeke, R; Storlazzi, C; Ridd, P. 2011. Hydrodynamics of a bathymetrically complex fringing coral reef embayment: Wave climate, in situ observations, and wave prediction. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 116. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Kawamata, S; Yoshimitsu, S; Tanaka, T; Igari, T; Tokunaga, S. 2011. Importance of sedimentation for survival of canopy-forming fucoid algae in urchin barrens. Journal of Sea Research 66:76-86. | 2011 | Japan | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate |
Kennett, BLN; Abdullah, A. 2011. Seismic wave attenuation beneath the Australasian region. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 58:285-295. | 2011 | Australia | Model | Shoreline Protection |
Kushner, B., P. Edwards, L. Burke, and E. Cooper. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - Coral Reefs, Beach Erosion and Impacts to Tourism in Jamaica. Working Paper, World Resource Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). | 2011 | Jamaica | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Social Organizations; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation |
Laurance, WF; Dell, B; Turton, SM; Lawes, MJ; Hutley, LB; McCallum, H; Dale, P; Bird, M; Hardy, G; Prideaux, G; Gawne, B; McMahon, CR; Yu, R; Hero, JM; Schwarzkop, L; Krockenberger, A; Douglas, M; Silvester, E; Mahony, M; Vella, K; Saikia, U; Wahren, CH;. 2011. The 10 Australian ecosystems most vulnerable to tipping points. Biological Conservation 144:1472-1480. | 2011 | Australia | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Louhi, P; Ovaska, M; Maki-Petays, A; Erkinaro, J; Muotka, T. 2011. Does fine sediment constrain salmonid alevin development and survival? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68:1819-1826. | 2011 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Lab Study | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Maxam, A., P. Lyew-Ayee, and K. McIntyre. 2011. A Classification of the Protection Provided by Coral Reef Systems in Jamaica - Utilizing GIS and Oceanographic Methods of Analysis. Mona Geoinformatics Institute, St. Andrew (Jamaica). | 2011 | South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Jamaica; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Belize; Caribbean | Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation |
McAdoo, BG; Ah-Leong, JS; Bell, L; Ifopo, P; Ward, J; Lovell, E; Skelton, P. 2011. Coral reefs as buffers during the 2009 South Pacific tsunami, Upolu Island, Samoa. Earth-Science Reviews 107:147-155. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Samoa | Field Study & Monitoring | Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation |
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. | 2011 | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Discharges; Fish; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies; Waste Management; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands | |
Nishihara, GN; Terada, R; Shimabukuro, H. 2011. Effects of wave energy on the residence times of a fluorescent tracer in the canopy of the intertidal marine macroalgae, Sargassum fusiforme (Phaeophyceae). Phycological Research 59:24-33. | 2011 | Model | Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Shoreline Protection | |
Pe�quignet, A. C., J. M. Becker, M. A. Merrifield, S. J. Boc. 2011. The dissipation of wind wave energy across a fringing reef at Ipan, Guam. Coral Reefs | 2011 | Guam | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Pequignet, AC; Becker, JM; Merrifield, MA; Boc, SJ. 2011. The dissipation of wind wave energy across a fringing reef at Ipan, Guam. Coral Reefs 30:71-82. | 2011 | Guam | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Planes, S; Raventos, N; Ferrari, B; Alcoverro, T. 2011. Fish herbivory leads to shifts in seagrass Posidonia oceanica investments in sexual reproduction. Marine Ecology Progress Series 431:205-213. | 2011 | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish | ||
Roger, J; Baptista, MA; Sahal, A; Accary, F; Allgeyer, S; Hebert, H. 2011. The Transoceanic 1755 Lisbon Tsunami in Martinique. Pure and Applied Geophysics 168:1015-1031. | 2011 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles; Martinique; Thailand; Caribbean; Europe; Spain | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection |
Storlazzi, CD; Elias, E; Field, ME; Presto, MK. 2011. Numerical modeling of the impact of sea-level rise on fringing coral reef hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Coral Reefs 30:83-96. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Climate; Light; Primary Production; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Symonds, G; Zhong, LJ; Mortimer, NA. 2011. Effects of wave exposure on circulation in a temperate reef environment. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 116. | 2011 | Australia | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Taebi, S; Lowe, RJ; Pattiaratchi, CB; Ivey, GN; Symonds, G; Brinkman, R. 2011. Nearshore circulation in a tropical fringing reef system. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 116. | 2011 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Tallis, H., T. Ricketts, A.D Guerry, E. Nelson, D. Ennaanay, S. Wolny, N. Olswero, K. Vigerstol, D. Pennington, G. Mendoza, J. Aukema, J. Foster, J. Forrest, D. Cameron, E. Lonsdorf, C. Kennedy, G. Verutes, C. K. Kim, G. Guannel, M. Papenfus, et al., editor. 2011. InVEST 2.0 Beta User�s Guide: Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs - A modeling suite developed by the Natural Capital Project to support environmental decision-making. The National Project, Stanford, Palo Alto, (CA, USA). | 2011 | Model | Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
Waite, R., E. Cooper, N. Zenny, and L. Burke. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Value of Jamaica�s Coral Reef-Related Fisheries. Working Paper, World Resources Institute and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D. C. (USA). | 2011 | Global; Jamaica | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wholesale & Retail Trade |
Wild, C; Hoegh-Guldberg, O; Naumann, MS; Colombo-Pallotta, MF; Ateweberhan, M; Fitt, WK; Iglesias-Prieto, R; Palmer, C; Bythell, JC; Ortiz, JC; Loya, Y; van Woesik, R. 2011. Climate change impedes scleractinian corals as primary reef ecosystem engineers. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:205-215. | 2011 | Global | Review | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation |
Abe, O., A. Watanabe, V. V. S. S. Sarma, Y. Matsui, H. Yamano, N. Yoshida, and T. Saino. 2010. Air-Sea Gas Transfer in a Shallow, Flowing and Coastal Environment Estimated by Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Dissolved Oxygen Analyses. Journal of Oceanography 66:363-372. | 2010 | Japan | Shoreline Protection | |
Bedard, R., P. T. Jacobson, M. Previsic, W. Musial, and R. Varley. 2010. An Overview of Ocean Renewable Energy Technologies. Oceanography 23:22-31. | 2010 | Europe | Salinity; Shoreline Protection | |
Bueno, M., G. A. O. Moser, B. R. C. Tocci, and A. A. V. Flores. 2010. Retention-favorable timing of propagule release in barnacles and periwinkles. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414:155-165. | 2010 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Burt, J., D. Feary, P. Usseglio, A. Bauman, and P. F. Sale. 2010. The Influence Of Wave Exposure On Coral Community Development On Man-Made Breakwater Reefs, With A Comparison To A Natural Reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:839-859. | 2010 | United Arab Emirates | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Caceres, I., L. H. Trung, H. van Ettinger, A. Reniers, and W. Uijttewaal. 2010. Wave and Flow Response to an Artificial Surf Reef: Laboratory Measurements. Journal Of Hydraulic Engineering-asce 136:299-310. | 2010 | Lab Study | Shoreline Protection | |
Conway, F., J. Stevenson, D. Hunter, M. Stefanovich, H. Campbell, Z. Covell, and Y. Yin. 2010. Ocean Space, Ocean Place The Human Dimensions of Wave Energy in Oregon. Oceanography 23:82-91. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean | Environmental Education & Outreach; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Utility Policies | |
do Carmo, J. A., C. S. Reis, and H. Freitas. 2010. Working with Nature by Protecting Sand Dunes: Lessons Learned. Journal of Coastal Research 26:1068-1078. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Edmunds, P. J., J. J. Leichter, and M. Adjeroud. 2010. Landscape-scale variation in coral recruitment in Moorea, French Polynesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414:75-89. | 2010 | Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | ||
Evans, S. N. and D. A. Abdo. 2010. A cost-effective technique for measuring relative water movement for studies of benthic organisms. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:1327-1335. | 2010 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection |
Farnsworth, C. A., D. R. Bellwood, and L. van Herwerden. 2010. Genetic structure across the GBR: evidence from short-lived gobies. Marine Biology 157:945-953. | 2010 | Australia | Shoreline Protection | |
Goto, K., K. Okada, and F. Imamura. 2010. Numerical analysis of boulder transport by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Pakarang Cape, Thailand. Marine Geology 268:97-105. | 2010 | Indian Ocean; India; Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Goto, K., T. Shinozaki, K. Minoura, K. Okada, D. Sugawara, and F. Imamura. 2010. Distribution of boulders at Miyara Bay of Ishigaki Island, Japan: A flow characteristic indicator of tsunami and storm waves. Island Arc 19:412-426. | 2010 | Japan | Index or Indicator | Storms & Hurricanes |
Green, D., L. Alexander, K. Mclnnes, J. Church, N. Nicholls, and N. White. 2010. An assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation for the Torres Strait Islands, Australia. Climatic change 102:405-433. | 2010 | Australia | Climate; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Harrison, P. A., M. Vandewalle, M. T. Sykes, P. M. Berry, R. Bugter, F. de Bello, C. K. Feld, U. Grandin, R. Harrington, J. R. Haslett, R. H. G. Jongman, G. W. Luck, P. M. da Silva, M. Moora, J. Settele, J. P. Sousa, and M. Zobel. 2010. Identifying and prioritising services in European terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2791-2821. | 2010 | Europe | Review | Agriculture; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Climate Regulation; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Non-Monetary Valuation; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Provisioning Services; Recreational Opportunities; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands |
Kimura, M. R. and H. Munehara. 2010. The disruption of habitat isolation among three Hexagrammos species by artificial habitat alterations that create mosaic-habitat. Ecological Research 25:41-50. | 2010 | Japan | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Langhamer, O., K. Haikonen, and J. Sundberg. 2010. Wave power Sustainable energy or environmentally costly? A review with special emphasis on linear wave energy converters. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 14:1329-1335. | 2010 | Global | Review | Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Whales & Dolphins |
Lasagna, R., G. Albertelli, P. Colantoni, C. Morri, and C. N. Bianchi. 2010. Ecological stages of Maldivian reefs after the coral mass mortality of 1998. Facies 56:1-11. | 2010 | Indian Ocean; Maldives; India | Algae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral | |
Marriner, N., M. Guerout, and T. Romon. 2010. The forgotten slaves of Tromelin (Indian Ocean): new geoarchaeological data. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:1293-1304. | 2010 | Indian Ocean; India | Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Mckoy, H., D. M. Kennedy, and P. S. Kench. 2010. Sand cay evolution on reef platforms, Mamanuca Islands, Fiji. Marine Geology 269:61-73. | 2010 | Fiji | Climate; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Mulligan, R. P., A. E. Hay, and A. J. Bowen. 2010. A wave-driven jet over a rocky shoal. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 115:C10038. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Munoz-Perez, J. J. and R. Medina. 2010. Comparison of long-, medium- and short-term variations of beach profiles with and without submerged geological control. Coastal Engineering 57:241-251. | 2010 | Spain | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Nwogu, O. and Z. Demirbilek. 2010. Infragravity Wave Motions and Runup over Shallow Fringing Reefs. Journal Of Waterway Port Coastal And Ocean Engineering-asce 136:295-305. | 2010 | Guam | Lab Study; Model | Shoreline Protection |
Ogston, A. S. and M. E. Field. 2010. Predictions of Turbidity Due to Enhanced Sediment Resuspension Resulting from Sea-Level Rise on a Fringing Coral Reef: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii. Journal of Coastal Research 26:1027-1037. | 2010 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Climate; Light; Primary Production; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Ogston, A. S. and M. E. Field. 2010. Predictions of turbidity due to enhanced sediment resuspension resulting from sea-level rise on f Fringing coral reef: evidence from Molokai, Hawaii. Journal of Coastal Research 26:1027-1037. | 2010 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Climate; Light; Primary Production; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Pignatelli, C., A. Scheffers, S. Scheffers, and G. Mastronuzzi. 2010. Assessment of extreme wave flooding from geomorphologic evidence in Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles). Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 54:219-245. | 2010 | Antilles | Model | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Purser, A., A. I. Larsson, L. Thomsen, and D. van Oevelen. 2010. The influence of flow velocity and food concentration on Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) zooplankton capture rates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 395:55-62. | 2010 | Europe; Norway | Field Study & Monitoring | Plankton; Stony Coral |
Raina, J. B., E. A. Dinsdale, B. L. Willis, and D. G. Bourne. 2010. Do the organic sulfur compounds DMSP and DMS drive coral microbial associations? Trends in Microbiology 18:101-108. | 2010 | Global | Climate; Climate Regulation; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting | |
TEEB. 2010. Measuring biophysical quantities and the use of indicators. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. | 2010 | Index or Indicator | Agriculture; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Forestry | |
TEEB. 2010. The economics of valuing ecosystem services and biodiversity. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. | 2010 | Climate; Climate Regulation; Cultural Policies; Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation | ||
Wellenreuther, M., M. Brock, J. Montgomery, and K. D. Clements. 2010. Comparative Morphology of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System in a Clade of New Zealand Triplefin Fishes. Brain Behavior And Evolution 75:292-308. | 2010 | Fish; Shoreline Protection | ||
Wen, C. K. C., M. S. Pratchett, K. T. Shao, K. P. Kan, and B. K. K. Chan. 2010. Effects of habitat modification on coastal fish assemblages. Journal of Fish Biology 77:1674-1687. | 2010 | Taiwan | Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Wicks, L. C., J. P. A. Gardner, and S. K. Davy. 2010. Spatial patterns and regional affinities of coral communities at the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve, New Zealand-a marginal high-latitude site. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:101-113. | 2010 | Global; Australia | Algae; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | |
Yang, R. Y., Y. C. Wu, H. H. Hwung, J. Y. Liou, and I. V. Shugan. 2010. Current countermeasure of beach erosion control and its application in Taiwan. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:552-561. | 2010 | Taiwan | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Infrastructure; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Bradley, P., W. S. Fisher, H. Bell, W. Davis, V. Chan, C. LoBue, and W. Wiltse. 2009. Development and implementation of coral reef biocriteria in US jurisdictions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 150:43-51. | 2009 | Global; US Virgin Islands | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Sea Temperatures; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation |
Bradley, P., W. S. Fisher, H. Bell, W. Davis, V. Chan, C. LoBue, W. Wiltse. 2009. Development and implementation of coral reef biocriteria in U.S. jurisdictions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 150:43-51. | 2009 | Global; US Virgin Islands | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Sea Temperatures; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation |
Burt, J., A. Bartholomew, A. Bauman, A. Saif, and P. F. Sale. 2009. Coral recruitment and early benthic community development on several materials used in the construction of artificial reefs and breakwaters. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 373:72-78. | 2009 | United Arab Emirates | Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Shoreline Protection; Substrate | |
Burt, J., A. Bartholomew, P. Usseglio, A. Bauman, and P. F. Sale. 2009. Are artificial reefs surrogates of natural habitats for corals and fish in Dubai, United Arab Emirates? Coral Reefs 13-Jan. | 2009 | United Arab Emirates | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Shoreline Protection | |
Burt, J., A. Bartholomew, P. Usseglio, A. Bauman, and P. F. Sale. 2009. Are artificial reefs surrogates of natural habitats for corals and fish in Dubai, United Arab Emirates? Coral Reefs 28:663-675. | 2009 | United Arab Emirates | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Shoreline Protection | |
Cooley, S. R, H. L. Kite-Powell, and S. C. Doney. 2009. Ocean acidification�s potential to alter global marine ecosystem services. Oceanography 22:172-181. | 2009 | Global | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Cottin, A. G., D. L. Forbes, and B. F. Long. 2009. Shallow seabed mapping and classification using waveform analysis and bathymetry from SHOALS lidar data. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 35:422-434. | 2009 | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Das, S. 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics, Kathmandu, Nepal. | 2009 | Global | GIS & Maps | Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Donner, S. D. 2009. Coping with commitment: Projected thermal stress on coral reefs under different future scenarios. PLoS One 4. | 2009 | Global | Model | Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Sea Temperatures; Shoreline Protection |
Draut, A. E., M. H. Bothner, M. E. Field, R. L. Reynolds, S. A. Cochran, J. B. Logan, C. D. Storlazzi, and C. J. Berg. 2009. Supply and dispersal of flood sediment from a steep, tropical watershed: Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121:574-585. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Farrell, E. J., H. Granja, L. Cappietti, J. T. Ellis, B. Li, and D. J. Sherman. 2009. Wave Transformation across a Rock Platform, Belinho, Portugal. Journal of Coastal Research 44-48. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Finelli, C. M., R. D. Clarke, H. E. Robinson, and E. J. Buskey. 2009. Water flow controls distribution and feeding behavior of two co-occurring coral reef fishes: I. Field measurements. Coral Reefs 13-Jan. | 2009 | South & Central America; Belize | Field Study & Monitoring | Hydrologic Management; Plankton; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection |
Goto, K., K. Okada, and F. Imamura. 2009. Characteristics and hydrodynamics of boulders transported by storm waves at Kudaka Island, Japan. Marine Geology 262:14-24. | 2009 | Japan | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Harrison, P. A. and the RUBICODE consortium. 2009. Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe: from threat to action. Pensoft. | 2009 | Europe | Review; Index or Indicator | Climate; Climate Regulation; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mitigation; Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation |
Hongo, C. and H. Kayanne. 2009. Holocene coral reef development under windward and leeward locations at Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Sedimentary Geology 214:62-73. | 2009 | Japan | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Kench, P. S., K. E. Parnell, and R. W. Brander. 2009. Monsoonally influenced circulation around coral reef islands and seasonal dynamics of reef island shorelines. Marine Geology 266:91-108. | 2009 | Maldives | Index or Indicator | Shoreline Protection |
Kench, P. S., R. W. Brander, K. E. Parnell, and J. M. O'Callaghan. 2009. Seasonal variations in wave characteristics around a coral reef island, South Maalhosmadulu atoll, Maldives. Marine Geology 262:116-129. | 2009 | Indian Ocean; Maldives; India | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Kleypas, J. A. and K. K. Yates. 2009. Coral reefs and ocean acidification. Oceanography 22:108-117. | 2009 | Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection | ||
Koch, E. W., E. B. Barbier, B. R. Silliman, D. J. Reed, G. M. E. Perillo, S. D. Hacker, E. F. Granek, J. H. Primavera, N. Muthiga, S. Polasky, B. S. Halpern, C. J. Kennedy, C. V. Kappel, and E. Wolanski. 2009. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:29-37. | 2009 | Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Valuation | ||
Lackner, K. S. and S. Brennan. 2009. Envisioning carbon capture and storage: expanded possibilities due to air capture, leakage insurance, and C-14 monitoring. Climatic change 96:357-378. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Infrastructure; Natural Gas & Electric Power | |
Langhamer, O. and D. Wilhelmsson. 2009. Colonisation of fish and crabs of wave energy foundations and the effects of manufactured holes - A field experiment. Marine Environmental Research 68:151-157. | 2009 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seastars; Shoreline Protection |
Layke, C. 2009. Measuring nature�s benefits: a preliminary roadmap for improving ecosystem service indicators. | 2009 | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Climate Regulation; Corporate Responses; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting | |
Lowe, R. J., J. L. Falter, S. G. Monismith, and M. J. Atkinson. 2009. A numerical study of circulation in a coastal reef-lagoon system. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 114:C06022. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection |
Lowe, R. J., J. L. Falter, S. G. Monismith, and M. J. Atkinson. 2009. Wave-Driven Circulation of a Coastal Reef-Lagoon System. Journal of Physical Oceanography 39:873-893. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection |
Maeno, S., L. G. Bierawski, W. Magda, and M. Ogawa. 2009. Vof-Dem-Fem Combined Model Of The Reef Breakwater Collapse. Coastal Engineering Journal 51:223-242. | 2009 | Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral | |
McAdoo, B. G., A. Moore, and J. Baumwoll. 2009. Indigenous knowledge and the near field population response during the 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami. Natural Hazards 48:73-82. | 2009 | Solomon Islands | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Housing; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection |
Mendonca, A., M. G. Neves, and C. J. Fortes. 2009. Numerical study of hydrodynamics around an artificial surf reef for Sao. Pedro do Estoril, Portugal. Journal of Coastal Research 1010-1014. | 2009 | Model | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Mercado-Molina, A. E. and P. M. Yoshioka. 2009. Relationships between water motion and size-specific survivorship and growth of the demosponge Amphimedon compressa. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 375:51-56. | 2009 | Puerto Rico | Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Nelson, E., G. Mendoza, J. Regetz, S. Polasky, H. Tallis, D. R. Cameron, K. M. A. Chan, G. C. Daily, J. Goldstein, P. M. Kareiva, E. Lonsdorf, R. Naidoo, T. H. Ricketts, and M. R. Shaw. 2009. Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:4-11. | 2009 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Resource Use Management; Valuation | |
Nunes, P. A. L. D., H. Ding, and A. Markandya. 2009. The economic valuation of marine ecosystems. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. | 2009 | Europe | Review | Climate; Climate Regulation; Monetary Valuation; Special Use Permitting; Valuation |
Olbers, J. M., L. Celliers, and M. H. Schleyer. 2009. Zonation of benthic communities on the subtropical Aliwal Shoal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Zoology 44:8-23. | 2009 | Cuba; South Africa | Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Octocoral; Primary Production; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Stony Coral | |
Recio, J. and H. Oumeraci. 2009. Process based stability formulae for coastal structures made of geotextile sand containers. Coastal Engineering 56:632-658. | 2009 | Model | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Scarfe, B. E., T. R. Healy, and H. G. Rennie. 2009. Research-Based Surfing Literature for Coastal Management and the Science of Surfing-A Review. Journal of Coastal Research 25:539-557. | 2009 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Scheffers, A., S. Scheffers, D. Kelletat, and T. Browne. 2009. Wave-Emplaced Coarse Debris and Megaclasts in Ireland and Scotland: Boulder Transport in a High-Energy Littoral Environment. Journal of Geology 117:553-573. | 2009 | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE). 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. | 2009 | Global | GIS & Maps | Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Spiske, M. and B. E. Jaffe. 2009. Sedimentology and hydrodynamic implications of a coarse-grained hurricane sequence in a carbonate reef setting. Geology 37:839-842. | 2009 | Antilles | Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | |
ten Voorde, M., J. S. A. do Carmo, and M. G. Neves. 2009. Designing a Preliminary Multifunctional Artificial Reef to Protect the Portuguese Coast. Journal of Coastal Research 25:69-79. | 2009 | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | ||
Ten Voorde, M., J. S. A. do Carmo, M. G. Neves, and A. Mendonca. 2009. Physical and Numerical Study of "Breaker Types" Over an Artificial Reef. Journal of Coastal Research 569-573. | 2009 | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | ||
Ten Voorde, M., J. S. Antunes Do Carmo, and M. G. Neves. 2009. Designing a preliminary multifunctional artificial reef to protect the Portuguese coast. Journal of Coastal Research 25:69-79. | 2009 | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | ||
Viyakarn, V., S. Chavanich, C. Raksasab, and T. Loyjiw. 2009. New coral community on a breakwater in Thailand. Coral Reefs 28:427. | 2009 | Thailand | Shoreline Protection | |
Wismer, S., A. S. Hoey, and D. R. Bellwood. 2009. Cross-shelf benthic community structure on the Great Barrier Reef: Relationships between macroalgal cover and herbivore biomass. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376:45-54. | 2009 | Australia | Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coralline Algae; Fish; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral | |
Wolanski, E., J. A. Martinez, and R. H. Richmond. 2009. Quantifying the impact of watershed urbanization on a coral reef: Maunalua Bay, Hawaii. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:259-268. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
World Resources Institute. 2009. Value of coral reefs & mangroves in the caribbean: economic valuation methodology v3.0. | 2009 | South & Central America; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Belize; Caribbean | Review | Collaboration & Partnering; Cruise Ships; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Yamamoto, N., A. Kitamura, A. Ohmori, Y. Morishima, T. Toyofuku, and S. Ohashi. 2009. Long-term changes in sediment type and cavernicolous bivalve assemblages in Daidokutsu submarine cave, Okinawa Islands: evidence from a new core extending over the past 7,000 years. Coral Reefs 28:967-976. | 2009 | Japan | Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Alongi, D. M. 2008. Mangrove forests: resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 76:1-13. | 2008 | Global | Review; Model | Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Barbier, E. B., E. W. Koch, B. R. Silliman, S. D. Hacker, E. Wolanski, J. Primavera, E. F. Granek, S. Polasky, S. Aswani, L. A. Cramer, D. M. Stoms, C. J. Kennedy, D. Bael, C. V. Kappel, G. M. E. Perillo, and D. J. Reed. 2008. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science 319:321-323. | 2008 | Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection |
Bicudo, P., M. Custodio, N. Cardoso, C. Fortes, M. Da Graca Neves, L. Mendes, P. Monteiro, A. Pallia, M. J. Nogueira, and L. M. Carvalho. 2008. Viability study of an artificial surf reef in S. Pedro do Estoril, Caseais, Portugal. Pages 833-840 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2008 | Lab Study; Model | Artificial Habitat; Civil Engineering & Construction; Shoreline Protection | |
Blenkinsopp, C. E. and J. R. Chaplin. 2008. The effect of relative crest submergence on wave breaking over submerged slopes. Coastal Engineering 55:967-974. | 2008 | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Burke, L., S. Greenhalgh, D. Prager, and E. Cooper. 2008. Coastal capital -- economic valuation of coral reefs in Tobago and St. Lucia. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. | 2008 | South & Central America; St. Lucia; Tobago; Caribbean | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation |
Cassata, L. and L. B. Collins. 2008. Coral reef communities, habitats, and substrates in and near sanctuary zones of Ningaloo Marine Park. Journal of Coastal Research 24:139-151. | 2008 | Global; Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation |
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. | 2008 | Puerto Rico | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Cochard, R., S. L. Ranamukhaarachchi, G. P. Shivakoti, O. V. Shipin, P. J. Edwards, and K. T. Seeland. 2008. The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 10:3-40. | 2008 | Thailand | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Coltorti, M. and P. Farabollini. 2008. Late Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial-coastal evolution of an uplifting area: The Tronto River (Central Eastern Italy). Quaternary International 189:39-55. | 2008 | Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Conservation International (CI). 2008. Economic values of coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses: a global compilation. Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Arlington, Virginia. | 2008 | Global; Florida | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Cooper, E., L. Burke, and N. Bood. 2008. Coastal capital: Belize, the economic contribution of Belize�s coral reefs and mangroves. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. | 2008 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Mexico | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
Dahdouh-Guebas, F. and N. Koedam. 2008. Long-term retrospection on mangrove development using transdisciplinary approaches: A review. Aquatic Botany 89:80-92. | 2008 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Mangroves; Shoreline Protection | |
De Falco, G., M. Baroli, A. Cucco, and S. Simeone. 2008. Intrabasinal conditions promoting the development of a biogenic carbonate sedimentary facies associated with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Continental Shelf Research 28:797-812. | 2008 | Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Doerge, B. C. and C. Smith. 2008. Mechanisms of erosion of volcanic soils on non-agricultural lands in guam. Pages 419-429 in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2008. | 2008 | Guam | Agriculture; Coastal Defense; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Military; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection | |
Eckman, J. E., M. S. Andres, R. L. Marinelli, E. Bowlin, R. P. Reid, R. J. Aspden, and D. M. Paterson. 2008. Wave and sediment dynamics along a shallow subtidal sandy beach inhabited by modern stromatolites. Geobiology 6:21-32. | 2008 | Bahamas | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Fairley, I. and M. A. Davidson. 2008. A two-dimensional wave flume investigation into the effect of multiple vertical steps on the form of breaking waves. Journal of Coastal Research 24:51-58. | 2008 | Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Fernando, H. J. S., S. P. Samarawickrama, S. Balasubramanian, S. S. L. Hettiarachchi, and S. Voropayev. 2008. Effects of porous barriers such as coral reefs on coastal wave propagation. Journal of Hydro-Environment Research 1:187-194. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Sri Lanka | Lab Study | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Gangai, J. W., R. Lenaburg, B. Batten, E. Drei-Horgan, N. Sheffner, D. Hamilton, M. Rezakhani, and P. Shrestha. 2008. Hurricane Flood Insurance study for the Hawaiian Islands. Pages 432-443 in Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008 - Proceedings of the Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Insurance; Military; Security Policies; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Hartog, W. M., L. Benedet, D.-J.R. Walstra, M. Van Koningsveld, M. J. F. Stive, and C. W. Finkl. 2008. Mechanisms that influence the performance of beach nourishment: A case-study in Delray Beach, Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research 24:1304-1319. | 2008 | Florida | Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Harvey, N. and C. D. Woodroffe. 2008. Australian approaches to coastal vulnerability assessment. Pages 67-87 in Sustainability Science. | 2008 | Global; Australia | Model; GIS & Maps | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands |
Healthy Reef Initiative. 2008. Report Card for the Mesoamerican Reef. Healthy Reef Initiative. | 2008 | Index or Indicator | Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Hench, J. L., J. J. Leichter, and S. G. Monismith. 2008. Episodic circulation and exchange in a wave-driven coral reef and lagoon system. Limnology and Oceanography 53:2681-2694. | 2008 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Jianyu, C., M. Zhihua, and H. Xianqiang. 2008. Geomorphological diversity of Dong-Sha Atoll based on spectrum and texture analysis in high resolution remote sensing imagery. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7150. | 2008 | China | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection |
Johansen, J. L., D. R. Bellwood, and C. J. Fulton. 2008. Coral reef fishes exploit flow refuges in high-flow habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360:219-226. | 2008 | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection | |
Kamenos, N. A., S. C. Strong, D. M. Shenoy, S. T. Wilson, A. D. Hatton, and P. G. Moore. 2008. Red coralline algae as a source of marine biogenic dimethylsulphoniopropionate. Marine Ecology Progress Series 372:61-66. | 2008 | Global; Cuba | Algae; Climate; Climate Regulation; Coralline Algae; Plankton; Special Use Permitting | |
Kawasaki, K., M. Kiku, and Y. Sasada. 2008. Numerical and experimental study on wave deformation and overtopping around vertical seawall in coral reef sea area. Pages 698-705 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2008 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Kumar, A., P. Seralathan, and K. S. Jayappa. 2008. Distribution of coastal cliffs in Kerala, India: their mechanisms of failure and related human engineering response. Environmental Geology 18-Jan. | 2008 | India | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection |
Lacambra, C., T. Spencer, and I. Moeller. 2008. Literature review: tropical coastal ecosystems as coastal defences. Pages 1-15 The role of environmental management in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. ProAct Network, Tannay, Switzerland. | 2008 | Global | Review | Climate; Mangroves; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Naber. H., G.-H. Lange, and M. E. Hatziolos. 2008. Valuation of Marine Ecosystem Services: A Gap Analysis. The World Bank, Washington, D.C. | 2008 | Europe | Review | Climate; Climate Regulation; Monetary Valuation; Special Use Permitting; Valuation |
Nielsen, P., P. A. Guard, D. P. Callaghan, and T. E. Baldock. 2008. Observations of wave pump efficiency. Coastal Engineering 55:69-72. | 2008 | Review; Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Nunes, V. and G. Pawlak. 2008. Observations of bed roughness of a coral reef. Journal of Coastal Research 24:39-50. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Shoreline Protection | |
Pizzolon, M., E. Cenci, and C. Mazzoldi. 2008. The onset of fish colonization in a coastal defence structure (Chioggia, Northern Adriatic Sea). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:166-178. | 2008 | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Substrate | ||
Samosorn, B. and C. D. Woodroffe. 2008. Nearshore wave environments around a sandy cay on a platform reef, Torres Strait, Australia. Continental Shelf Research 28:2257-2274. | 2008 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Shin, M. S., K. Y. Park, and H. J. Lee. 2008. A study for wave absorbing effect of submerged breakwater. Pages 607-612 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2008 | Fish; Shoreline Protection | ||
Spiske, M., Z. Borocz, and H. Bahlburg. 2008. The role of porosity in discriminating between tsunami and hurricane emplacement of boulders - A case study from the Lesser Antilles, southern Caribbean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 268:384-396. | 2008 | South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean | Marine Worms; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Strusinska, A. and H. Oumeraci. 2008. Geotextile reef as a coastal protection against tsunami. Pages 742-747 in Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference GEDMAR08. | 2008 | Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Wang, Y.-S., Z.-P. Lou, C.-C. Sun, and S. Sun. 2008. Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay, China, from 1982 to 2004. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1871-1879. | 2008 | China | Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Plankton; Shoreline Protection |
WBCSD, WRI, and Meridian Institute. 2008. The corporate ecosystem services review: guidelines for identifying business risks and opportunities arising from ecosystem change. World Resources Institute, Washington DC. | 2008 | Global | Review | Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Climate; Corporate Responses; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands |
Wernberg, T. and N. Goldberg. 2008. Short-term temporal dynamics of algal species in a subtidal kelp bed in relation to changes in environmental conditions and canopy biomass. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 76:265-272. | 2008 | Australia | Algae; Light; Shoreline Protection | |
Cooper, J. A. G., D. A. Lewis, and O. H. Pilkey. 2007. Fetch-limited barrier islands: Overlooked coastal landforms. GSA Today 17:9-Apr. | 2007 | Global | Coastal Development; Mangroves; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Coronado, C., J. Candela, R. Iglesias-Prieto, J. Sheinbaum, M. Lopez, and F. J. Ocampo-Torres. 2007. On the circulation in the Puerto Morelos fringing reef lagoon. Coral Reefs 26:149-163. | 2007 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
de Lange, W. P. and V. G. Moon. 2007. Tsunami washover deposits, Tawharanui, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology 200:232-247. | 2007 | Model | Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands | |
Erlandson, J. M., M. H. Graham, B. J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J. A. Estes, and R. S. Steneck. 2007. The kelp highway hypothesis: Marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2:161-174. | 2007 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan | Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins | |
Fishe, W. S., W. P. Davis, R. L. Quarles, J. Patrick, J. G. Campbell, P. S. Harris, B. L. Hemmer, and M. Parsons. 2007. Characterizing coral condition using estimates of three-dimensional colony surface area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 125:347-360. | 2007 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Primary Production; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Froeschke, B., L. G. Allen, and D. J. Pondella II. 2007. Life history and courtship behavior of black perch, Embiotoca jacksoni (Teleostomi: Embiotocidae), from Southern California. Pacific Science 61:521-531. | 2007 | Cuba | Index or Indicator | Fish; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection |
Hagan, A. B., T. Spencer, D. R. Stoddart, M. Loustau-Lalanne, and R. Renaud. 2007. Tsunami impacts in the Republic of Seychelles, Western Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin 149-162. | 2007 | Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India | Shoreline Protection | |
Hardy, R., S. Jones, D. Hardy, and R. Hobbs. 2007. Seismic oceanography: Processing data from the Rockall trough, west of Ireland. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 26:894-898. | 2007 | Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Fish; Salinity; Shoreline Protection |
Hardy, R., S. M. Jones, and R. W. Hobbs. 2007. Imaging the water column using seismic reflection data. Pages 1731-1735 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 69th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2007 - \Securing the Future\"". | 2007 | Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Fish; Salinity; Shoreline Protection |
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., P. J. Mumby, A. J. Hooten, R. S. Steneck, P. Greenfield, E. Gomez, C. D. Harvell, P. F. Sale, A. J. Edwards, K. Caldeira, N. Knowlton, C. M. Eakin, R. Iglesias-Prieto, N. Muthiga, R. H. Bradbury, A. Dubi, and M. E. Hatziolos. 2007. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318:1737-1742. | 2007 | Global | Review | Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Jago, O. K., P. S. Kench, and R. W. Brander. 2007. Field observations of wave-driven water-level gradients across a coral reef flat. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 112. | 2007 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Jordan, J. W. and S. L. Paulius. 2007. Lessons learned from Hurricane Katrina. Pages 43-58 in Forensic Engineering, Proceedings of the Congress. | 2007 | South & Central America; Mexico | Insurance; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Kelletat, D., S. R. Scheffers, and A. Scheffers. 2007. Field signatures of the SE-Asian mega-tsunami along the West Coast of Thailand compared to holocene paleo-tsunami from the Atlantic Region. Pure and Applied Geophysics 164:413-431. | 2007 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Liu, S., D. Liu, W. Liu, S. Zhang, and L. Zhao. 2007. The hydrodynamic theory, ecological effect and risk assessment of the artificial fish-reef. Pages 615-621 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. | 2007 | China | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Lowe, R. J., J. L. Falter, J. R. Koseff, S. G. Monismith, and M. J. Atkinson. 2007. Spectral wave flow attenuation within submerged canopies: Implications for wave energy dissipation. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 112. | 2007 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Lynett, P. J. 2007. Effect of a shallow water obstruction on long wave runup and overland flow velocity. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 133:455-462. | 2007 | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Mallela, J. 2007. Coral reef encruster communities and carbonate production in cryptic and exposed coral reef habitats along a gradient of terrestrial disturbance. Coral Reefs 26:775-785. | 2007 | Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Marriner, N., C. Morhange, and S. Meule. 2007. Holocene morphogenesis of Alexander the Great's isthmus at Tyre in Lebanon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104:9218-9223. | 2007 | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Natural Resources Conservation Service, editor. 2007. Native Plants for Coastal Dune Restoration: What, When, and How for Florida. US Department of Agriculture. | 2007 | Florida; Puerto Rico; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Invasive Species; Shoreline Protection | |
O�Garra, Tanya. 2007. Estimating the Total Economic Value (TEV) of the Navakavu LMMA in Vitu Levu Island (Fiji). Component 2A- Project 2A2, Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific (CRISP), New Caledonia. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Valuation | |
Puotinen, M. L. 2007. Modelling the risk of cyclone wave damage to coral reefs using GIS: A case study of the Great Barrier Reef, 1969-2003. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 21:97-120. | 2007 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. 2007. Sediment Production From Natural And Disturbed Surfaces In Dry Tropical Areas Of La Parguera-Pr, 2003-2005. Pages 1-5 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. | 2007 | South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean | Model; GIS & Maps | Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies |
Ryan, D. A., B. P. Brooke, L. B. Collins, G. A. Kendrick, K. J. Baxter, A. N. Bickers, P. J. W. Siwabessy, and C. B. Pattiaratchi. 2007. The influence of geomorphology and sedimentary processes on shallow-water benthic habitat distribution: Esperance Bay, Western Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:379-386. | 2007 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate |
Saathoff, F., H. Oumeraci, and S. Restall. 2007. Australian and German experiences on the use of geotextile containers. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 25:251-263. | 2007 | Australia | Model | Artificial Habitat; Climate; Coastal Engineering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Sabater, M. G. and S. P. Tofaeono. 2007. Scale and benthic composition effects on biomass and trophic group distribution of reef fishes in American Samoa. Pacific Science 61:503-520. | 2007 | Samoa; American Samoa | Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Shirlal, K. G., S. Rao, and Manu. 2007. Ocean wave transmission by submerged reef-A physical model study. Ocean Engineering 34:2093-2099. | 2007 | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Tewfik, A., F. Guichard, and K. S. McCann. 2007. Influence of acute and chronic disturbance on macrophyte landscape zonation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:111-121. | 2007 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model | Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
VanBeukering, P., W. Haider, M. Longland, H. Cesar, J. Sablan, S. Shjegstad, B. Beardmore, Y. Liu, and G. O. Garces. 2007. The economic value of Guam�s coral reefs. Technical Report No. 116, University of Guam Marine Laboratory. | 2007 | Guam | Fish; Monetary Valuation; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Vitousek, S., C. H. Fletcher, M. A. Merrifield, G. Pawlak, and C. D. Storlazzi. 2007. Model scenerios of shoreline change at kaanapali beach, maui, hawaii: Seasonal and extreme events. in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Coastal Engineering; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Wen, K.-C., C.-M. Hsu, K.-S. Chen, M.-H. Liao, C.-P. Chen, and C. A. Chen. 2007. Unexpected coral diversity on the breakwaters: Potential refuges for depleting coral reefs. Coral Reefs 26:127. | 2007 | Shoreline Protection | ||
White, I., T. Falkland, P. Perez, A. Dray, T. Metutera, E. Metai, and M. Overmars. 2007. Challenges in freshwater management in low coral atolls. Journal of Cleaner Production 15:1522-1528. | 2007 | Agriculture; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Waterborne Discharges | ||
White, I., T. Falkland, T. Metutera, E. Metai, M. Overmars, P. Perez, A. Dray, and A. C. Falkland. 2007. Climatic and human influences on groundwater in low atolls. Vadose Zone Journal 6:581-590. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati | Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
White, S. 2007. Utilization of LIDAR and NOAA's vertical datum transformation tool (VDatum) for shoreline delineation. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 2007 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Wilson, A. 2007. Nonwoven support - From Boscombe Pier to Palm Jumeirah. Technical Textiles International 16:25-28. | 2007 | Global; United Arab Emirates; Europe | Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Road Construction & Maintenance; Shoreline Protection | |
[No author name available]. 2006. International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. in International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. | 2006 | Indian Ocean; Sri Lanka; India | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Brown, B. 2006. Beneath the tsunami waves. Planet Earth 14-15. | 2006 | Sri Lanka; India; Thailand; Indonesia | Shoreline Protection | |
Chen, P. 2006. Evaluation on service value of wetland ecosystem in Xiamen City. Wetland Science 4:101-107. | 2006 | Global; China | GIS & Maps | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands |
Clynick, B. G. 2006. Assemblages of fish associated with coastal marinas in north-western Italy. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86:847-852. | 2006 | Docks & Marinas; Fish; Shoreline Protection | ||
Cox, R. J. and M. Tajziehchi. 2006. 2D experimental modelling of hydrodynamic effects of submerged Breakwaters. in Coastal Dynamics 2005 - Proceedings of the Fifth Coastal Dynamics International Conference. | 2006 | Lab Study; Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Dominik, C. M. and R. C. Zimmerman. 2006. Dynamics of carbon allocation in a deep-water population of the deciduous kelp Pleurophycus gardneri (Laminariales). Marine Ecology Progress Series 309:143-157. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Light; Primary Production; Storms & Hurricanes |
Duzbastilar, F. O., A. Lok, A. Ulas, and C. Metin. 2006. Recent developments on artificial reef applications in Turkey: Hydraulic experiments. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:195-202. | 2006 | Model | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Goni, M. A., N. Monacci, R. Gisewhite, A. Ogston, J. Crockett, and C. Nittrouer. 2006. Distribution and sources of particulate organic matter in the water column and sediments of the Fly River Delta, Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 69:225-245. | 2006 | Papua New Guinea | Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Grossman, E. E., W. A. Barnhardt, P. Hart, B. M. Richmond, and M. E. Field. 2006. Shelf stratigraphy and the influence of antecedent substrate on Holocene reef development, south Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Geology 226:97-114. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii | GIS & Maps | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Shoreline Protection; Substrate |
Hewson, I. and J. A. Fuhrman. 2006. Spatial and vertical biogeography of coral reef sediment bacterial and diazotroph communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:79-86. | 2006 | Global | Index or Indicator | Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Karim, M. F. and T. Tingsanchali. 2006. A coupled numerical model for simulation of wave breaking and hydraulic performances of a composite seawall. Ocean Engineering 33:773-787. | 2006 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Kench, P. S. and R. W. Brander. 2006. Response of reef island shorelines to seasonal climate oscillations: South Maalhosmadulu atoll, Maldives. Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface 111. | 2006 | Global; Maldives | Index or Indicator | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Kench, P. S. and R. W. Brander. 2006. Wave processes on coral reef flats: Implications for reef geomorphology using Australian case studies. Journal of Coastal Research 22:209-223. | 2006 | Australia; Indian Ocean; India | Index or Indicator | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Kench, P. S., R. W. Brander, K. E. Parnell, and R. F. McLean. 2006. Wave energy gradients across a Maldivian atoll: Implications for island geomorphology. Geomorphology 81:17-Jan. | 2006 | Indian Ocean; Maldives; India | Shoreline Protection | |
Liria, P., P. Gyssels, I. Galparsoro, Z. Santiago, M. Gonzalez, and A. Uriarte. 2006. Morphodynamic study of the Ondarreta Beach in San Sebastian (Spain). Pages 183-192 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. | 2006 | Spain | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Muller, J., R. A. J. Wust, and P. J. Hearty. 2006. Sediment transport along an artificial shoreline: \The Strand\", Townsville, NE-Queensland, Australia". Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 66:204-210. | 2006 | Australia | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Nakaza, E., S. M. B. Rahaman, Y. Kitamura, G. Pawlak, and S. Tsukayama. 2006. Cross-shore internal waves in Zanpa Coastal Region of Okinawa Island. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 132:36-46. | 2006 | Japan | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection |
Ranasinghe, R. and I. L. Turner. 2006. Shoreline response to submerged structures: A review. Coastal Engineering 53:65-79. | 2006 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Ranasinghe, R., I. L. Turner, and G. Symonds. 2006. Shoreline response to multi-functional artificial surfing reefs: A numerical and physical modelling study. Coastal Engineering 53:589-611. | 2006 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Shoreline Protection | |
Shirlal, K. G., S. Rao, V. Ganesh, and Manu. 2006. Stability of breakwater defenced by a seaward submerged reef. Ocean Engineering 33:829-846. | 2006 | Model | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral | |
Sudmeier-Rieux, K., H. Masundire, A. Rizvi, and S. Rietbergen, editors. 2006. Ecosystems, livelihoods and disasters: an integrated approach to disaster risk management. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gl�nd (Switzerland) & Cambridge (UK). | 2006 | Mangroves; Shoreline Protection | ||
Switzer, A. D., C. S. Bristow, and B. G. Jones. 2006. Investigation of large-scale washover of a small barrier system on the southeast Australian coast using ground penetrating radar. Sedimentary Geology 183:145-156. | 2006 | Australia | Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Turner, I. L. 2006. Discriminating modes of shoreline response to offshore-detached structures. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 132:180-191. | 2006 | Australia | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Tyagi, V. K. and J. N. Mandal. 2006. Physical and numerical modelling of stacked geotubes subjected to dynamic loads. Pages 356-365 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Engineering in the Oceans VI. | 2006 | Model | Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
United Nations Environment Program - World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC). 2006. In the front line: shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. | 2006 | Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Mexico | Climate; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation | |
Van Alstyne, K. L., P. Schupp, and M. Slattery. 2006. The distribution of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in tropical Pacific coral reef invertebrates. Coral Reefs 25:321-327. | 2006 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Climate; Climate Regulation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Zooxanthellae | |
Weight, A. 2006. The potential development of the Newquay Surf Reef. Pages 74-88 in International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. | 2006 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
World Resource Institute. 2006. Value of coral reefs in Caribbean islands: draft economic valuation methodology. | 2006 | South & Central America; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Caribbean | Review; GIS & Maps | Cruise Ships; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Ziegler, A. D. and R. A. Sutherland. 2006. Effectiveness of a coral-derived surfacing material for reducing sediment production on unpaved roads, Schoffield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Management 37:98-110. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; Military; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies |
Angwenyi, C. M. and L. Rydberg. 2005. Wave-driven circulation across the coral reef at Bamburi Lagoon, Kenya. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 63:447-454. | 2005 | Kenya | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Arce, J. A. 2005. REMOTE SENSING OF BENTHIC HABITATS IN SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO RICO. Master's Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. | 2005 | Puerto Rico | Remote Sensing | Climate; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Baird, A. H., S. J. Campbell, A. W. Anggoro, R. L. Ardiwijaya, N. Fadli, Y. Herdiana, T. Kartawijaya, D. Mahyiddin, A. Mukminin, S. T. Pardede, M. S. Pratchett, E. Rudi, and A. M. Siregar. 2005. Acehnese reefs in the wake of the Asian tsunami. Current Biology 15:1926-1930. | 2005 | Indonesia | Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Cazes-Duvat, V. 2005. The morphologic impacts of cyclone Kalunde on the beaches of Rodrigues island (Western Indian Ocean) [Les impacts morphologiques du cyclone Kalunde sur les cotes sableuses de l'Île Rodrigues (ocean Indien occidental)]. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 49:293-308. | 2005 | Indian Ocean; India | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Cazes-Duvat, V. 2005. West Indies archipelagos coping with coastal erosion (Macarena, Seychelles and Maldives) [Les archipels de l'ouest de l'ocean Indien face à l'erosion cotiere (Mascareignes, Seychelles, Maldives)]. Annales de Geographie 114:342-361. | 2005 | Seychelles; Maldives | Hotel & Food Services; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Chong, Jo. 2005. Protective values of mangrove and coral ecosystems: a review of methods and evidence. IUCN. | 2005 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Recreational Opportunities; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
Depczynski, M. and D. R. Bellwood. 2005. Wave energy and spatial variability in community structure of small cryptic coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 303:283-293. | 2005 | Australia | Fish; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral | |
Dickson, M. E. and C. D. Woodroffe. 2005. Rock coast morphology in relation of lithology and wave exposure, Lord Howe Island, southwest Pacific. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 49:239-251. | 2005 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection | |
Everts, C. H. and C. D. Eldon. 2005. Sand management in hook-shaped bays. Pages 136-150 in California and the World Ocean - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2005 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Fernando, H. J. S., S. G. Mendis, J. L. McCulley, and L. Perera. 2005. Coral poaching worsens tsunami destruction in Sri Lanka. EOS Transactions 86:301-304. | 2005 | Sri Lanka | Shoreline Protection | |
Fernando_McCulley_2005.pdf. 2005. Coral poaching worsens tsunami destruction in Sri Lanka. EOS 86:301,304. | 2005 | Sri Lanka | Shoreline Protection | |
Fulton, C. J. and D. R. Bellwood. 2005. Wave-induced water motion and the functional implications for coral reef fish assemblages. Limnology and Oceanography 50:255-264. | 2005 | Fish; Shoreline Protection | ||
Fulton, C. J., D. R. Bellwood, and P. C. Wainwright. 2005. Wave energy and swimming performance shape coral reef fish assemblages. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272:827-832. | 2005 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Shoreline Protection |
Hall, K. and G. Thomson. 2005. A laboratory study of reef growth by electro-deposition. Journal of Coastal Research 21:383-386. | 2005 | Lab Study | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Iskander, M. M., A. E. El-Anssary, M. M. A. El-Mooty, and H. M. Nagy. 2005. Simplified method to simulate wave transformations across coral reefs. AEJ - Alexandria Engineering Journal 44:79-89. | 2005 | Egypt | Model | Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Shoreline Protection |
James, M. K. and L. B. Mason. 2005. Synthetic tropical cyclone database. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 131:181-192. | 2005 | Australia | Model | Marine Protected Areas; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Kavanagh, K. D. 2005. Boom-or-bust growth in coral reef lagoons. Marine Ecology Progress Series 286:307-310. | 2005 | Fish; Plankton; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish | ||
Kelsey, C. 2005. On the waterfront. Industrial Fabric Products Review 90:38-40. | 2005 | Australia | Artificial Habitat; Remediation; Shoreline Protection | |
Lee, J. L., M. H. Teng, and I. N. Kang. 2005. Modeling of sediment transport in a coral reef environment. Journal of Coastal Research 21:303-308. | 2005 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Liu, P. L.-F., P. Lynett, H. Fernando, B. E. Jaffe, H. Fritz, B. Higman, R. Morton, J. Goff, and C. Synolaki. 2005. Observations by the International Tsunami Survey Team in Sri Lanka. Science 308:1595. | 2005 | Indian Ocean; Sri Lanka; India; Thailand; Indonesia | Shoreline Protection | |
Lowe, R. J., J. L. Falter, M. D. Bandet, G. Pawlak, M. J. Atkinson, S. G. Monismith, and J. R. Koseff. 2005. Spectral wave dissipation over a barrier reef. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 110:C04001. | 2005 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection |
McComb, P. and K. Black. 2005. Detailed observations of littoral transport using artificial sediment tracer, in a high-energy, rocky reef and iron sand environment. Journal of Coastal Research 21:358-373. | 2005 | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
McCorquodale, J. A., W. Pramono, and S. Carnelos. 2005. Forces on armour units in a low-crested breakwater. in Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. | 2005 | Review; Lab Study | Artificial Habitat; Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. | 2005 | India | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Remediation; Security Policies; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies |
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. and L. H. MacDonald. 2005. Measurement and prediction of sediment production from unpaved roads, St John, US Virgin Islands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30:1283-1304. | 2005 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies |
Seeling, M., A. Emmerich, T. Bechstadt, and R. Zuhlke. 2005. Accommodation/sedimentation development and massive early marine cementation: Latemar vs. Concarena (Middle/Upper Triassic, Southern Alps). Sedimentary Geology 175:439-457. | 2005 | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | ||
Sheppard, C., D. J. Dixon, M. Gourlay, A. Sheppard, and R. Payet. 2005. Coral mortality increases wave energy reaching shores protected by reef flats: Examples from the Seychelles. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 64:223-234. | 2005 | Seychelles | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Stone, G. W., X. Zhang, and A. Sheremet. 2005. The role of barrier islands, muddy shelf and reefs in mitigating the wave field along coastal Louisiana. Journal of Coastal Research 21:40-55. | 2005 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Thomsen, M. S. and K. McGlathery. 2005. Facilitation of macroalgae by the sedimentary tube forming polychaete Diopatra cuprea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 62:63-73. | 2005 | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | |
Brander, R. W., P. S. Kench, and D. Hart. 2004. Spatial and temporal variations in wave characteristics across a reef platform, Warraber Island, Torres Strait, Australia. Marine Geology 207:169-184. | 2004 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Bryan, S. E., A. Cook, J. P. Evans, P. W. Colls, M. G. Wells, M. G. Lawrence, J. S. Jell, A. Greig, and R. Leslie. 2004. Pumice rafting and faunal dispersion during 2001-2002 in the Southwest Pacific: Record of a dacitic submarine explosive eruption from Tonga. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 227:135-154. | 2004 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji; Tonga | Model | Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Invasive Species; Marine Worms; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes |
Burke, L. and J. Maidens. 2004. Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. | 2004 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model | Climate; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Cesar, H. S. J., P. van Beukering, R. Payet, and E. Grandourt. 2004. Evaluation of the socio-economic impacts of marine ecosystem degradation in the Seychelles. Cesar Environmental Economics Consulting, Netherlands. | 2004 | Seychelles | Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
D'Anna, G., V. M. Giacalone, F. Badalamenti, and C. Pipitone. 2004. Releasing of hatchery-reared juveniles of the white seabream Diplodus sargus (L., 1758) in the Gulf of Castellammare artificial reef area (NW Sicily). Aquaculture 233:251-268. | 2004 | Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Dickson, M. E. 2004. The development of talus slopes around Lord Howe Island and implications for the history of island planation. Australian Geographer 35:223-238. | 2004 | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Dickson, M. E., D. M. Kennedy, and C. D. Woodroffe. 2004. The influence of rock resistance on coastal morphology around Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29:629-643. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Shoreline Protection | |
Duval, M., D. Astruc, and D. Legendre. 2004. Two-phase flow modeling of breaking waves without interface reconstruction. Pages 270-275 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2004 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Engels, M. S., C. H. Fletcher III, M. E. Field, C. D. Storlazzi, E. E. Grossman, J. J. B. Rooney, C. L. Conger, and C. Glenn. 2004. Holocene reef accretion: Southwest Molokai, Hawaii, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 74:255-269. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India | Field Study & Monitoring | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Falter, J. L., M. J. Atkinson, and M. A. Merrifield. 2004. Mass-transfer limitation of nutrient uptake by a wave-dominated reef flat community. Limnology and Oceanography 49:1820-1831. | 2004 | Nutrients; Shoreline Protection | ||
Feary, D. A., A. C. Hine, N. P. James, and M. J. Malone. 2004. Leg 182 synthesis: Exposed secrets of the Great Australian Bight. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 182:30-Jan. | 2004 | Global; Australia | Algae; Coralline Algae; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tunicates; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Frihy, O. E., M. A. El Ganaini, W. R. El Sayed, and M. M. Iskander. 2004. The role of fringing coral reef in beach protection of Hurghada, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea of Egypt. Ecological Engineering 22:17-25. | 2004 | Egypt | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Grossman, E. E. and C. H. Fletcher III. 2004. Holocene reef development where wave energy reduces accomodation space, Kailua Bay, Windward Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 74:49-63. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Harvey, L. D. D. 2004. Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration: Implications for compliance with the united national framework convention on climate change. Climatic change 63:259-290. | 2004 | Model | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Jokiel, P. L., E. K. Brown, A. Friedlander, S. K. Rodgers, and W. R. Smith. 2004. Hawai'i Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in reef coral communities. Pacific Science 58:159-174. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring | Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral |
Kench, P. S. and R. F. Mclean. 2004. Hydrodynamics and sediment flux of Hoa in an Indian Ocean atoll. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 29:933-953. | 2004 | Indian Ocean; India | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Kolian, S. and A. Walker. 2004. Louisiana is losing critical reef habitat and job opportunities. Sea Technology 45:31-34. | 2004 | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Lugo-Fernandez, A., H. H. Roberts, and W. J. Wiseman Jr. 2004. Currents, water levels, and mass transport over a modern Caribbean coral reef: Tague Reef, St. Croix, USVI. Continental Shelf Research 24:1989-2009. | 2004 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Mallela, J., C. T. Perry, and M. P. Haley. 2004. Reef morphology and community structure along a fluvial gradient, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:299-311. | 2004 | Jamaica | Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Mase, H., A. Miyahira, and T. S. Hedges. 2004. Random wave runup on seawalls near shorelines with and without artificial reefs. Coastal Engineering Journal 46:247-268. | 2004 | Review; Model | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
McConochie, J. D., T. A. Hardy, and L. B. Mason. 2004. Modelling tropical cyclone over-water wind and pressure fields. Ocean Engineering 31:1757-1782. | 2004 | Australia | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Storms & Hurricanes |
Mendoza Baldwin, E. G. and R. Silva Casarin. 2004. Beach profile model in the presence of submerged protection structures [Modelo de perfil de playa en presencia de estructuras sumergidas de proteccion]. Ingenieria Hidraulica en Mexico 19:16-May. | 2004 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection | |
Ogston, A. S., C. D. Storlazzi, M. E. Field, M. K. Presto. 2004. Sediment resuspension and transport patterns on a fringing reef flat, Molokai, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 23:559-569. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Reid, J. M. and M. G. Winter. 2004. The use of post-consumer tyres in civil engineering. Pages 195-202 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management and Recycling: Used/Post-Consumer Tyres. | 2004 | Artificial Habitat; Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Road Construction & Maintenance; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies | ||
Rooney, J., C. Fletcher, E. Grossman, M. Engels, and M. Field. 2004. El Nino influence on Holocene reef accretion in Hawai'i. Pacific Science 58:305-324. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Coralline Algae; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Stevens, B. G., J. E. Munk, and P. A. Cummiskey. 2004. Utilization of log-piling structures as artificial habitats for red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. Journal of Shellfish Research 23:221-226. | 2004 | Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | ||
Storlazzi, C. D., A. S. Ogston, M. H. Bothner, M. E. Field, and M. K. Presto. 2004. Wave- and tidally-driven flow and sediment flux across a fringing coral reef: Southern Molokai, Hawaii. Continental Shelf Research 24:1397-1419. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Turner, I. L., S. G. J. Aarninkhof, T. D. T. Dronkers, and J. McGrath. 2004. CZM applications of argus coastal imaging at the Gold Coast, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 20:739-752. | 2004 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
van Duin, M. J. P., N. R. Wiersma, D. J. R. Walstra, L. C. van Rijn, and M. J. F. Stive. 2004. Nourishing the shoreface: Observations and hindcasting of the Egmond case, The Netherlands. Coastal Engineering 51:813-837. | 2004 | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Wilkinson, C. 2004. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004 volume 2. Australian Institution of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia. | 2004 | Global; South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Micronesia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Niue; Samoa; Tuvalu; Kiribati; Cook Islands; American Samoa; Caribbean | Climate; Cultural Protections; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Wilkinson, C. 2004. Status of the coral reefs of the world: 2004 Volume 1. Australian Institution of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia. | 2004 | Global | Climate; Cultural Protections; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Wolanski, E., P. Colin, J. Naithani, E. Deleersnijder, and Y. Golbuu. 2004. Large amplitude, leaky, island-generated, internal waves around Palau, Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 60:705-716. | 2004 | Palau; Micronesia | Model | Shoreline Protection |
Zhu, L.-S., M.-Q. Li, H.-S. Zhang, and S.-F. Sui. 2004. Wave attenuation and friction coefficient on the coral-reef flat. China Ocean Engineering 18:129-136. | 2004 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Armono, H. D. and K. R. Hall. 2003. Wave transmission on submerged breakwaters made of hollow hemispherical shape artificial reefs. Pages 313-322 in Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. | 2003 | Lab Study; Model | Artificial Habitat; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Fish; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
Borger, J. L. 2003. Three scleractinian coral diseases in Dominica, West Indies: Distribution, infection patterns and contribution to coral tissue mortality. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:25-38. | 2003 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Pathogens; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral |
Cabioch, G., K. A. Banks-Cutler, W. J. Beck, G. S. Burr, T. Correge, R. Lawrence Edwards, and F. W. Taylor. 2003. Continuous reef growth during the last 23 cal kyr BP in a tectonically active zone (Vanuatu, SouthWest Pacific). Quaternary Science Reviews 22:1771-1786. | 2003 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu | Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Chapman, M. G. and F. Bulleri. 2003. Intertidal seawalls - New features of landscape in intertidal environments. Landscape and Urban Planning 62:159-172. | 2003 | Australia; Study Location | Model | Docks & Marinas; Shoreline Protection |
Cruz-Pinon, G., J. P. Carricart-Ganivet, and J. Espinoza-Avalos. 2003. Monthly skeletal extension rates of the hermatypic corals Montastraea annularis and Montastraea faveolata : biological and environmental controls. Marine Biology 143:491-500. | 2003 | South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico | Index or Indicator | Light; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae |
Diamond, A. 2003. Identification and assessment of scleractinians at Tarou Point, Dominica, West Indies. Coastal Management 31:409-421. | 2003 | Field Study & Monitoring | Cultural Policies; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation | |
Eversole, D. and C. H. Fletcher. 2003. Longshore sediment transport rates on a reef-fronted beach: Field data and empirical models Kaanapali Beach, Hawaii. Journal of Coastal Research 19:649-663. | 2003 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Giarrusso, C. C., F. Dentale, and E. P. Carratelli. 2003. On the stability of protected beaches. Pages 429-438 in Environmental Studies. | 2003 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Giovannozzi, M. A., D. K. Stauble, and R. A. Wise. 2003. Innovative shore protection structures at cape may point, New Jersey. Pages 1061-1073 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2003 | Field Study & Monitoring | Military; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Goda, Y. 2003. Wave field computation around artificial reefs with gradational breaker model. Pages 824-836 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2003 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Golbuu, Y., S. Victor, E. Wolanski, and R. H. Richmond. 2003. Trapping of fine sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:941-949. | 2003 | Palau; Micronesia | Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Goodwin, I. D. and E. E. Grossman. 2003. Middle to late Holocene coastal evolution along the south coast of Upolu Island, Samoa. Marine Geology 202:16-Jan. | 2003 | Samoa | Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Hardy, T. A., J. D. McConochie, and L. B. Mason. 2003. Modeling tropical cyclone wave population of the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 129:104-113. | 2003 | Australia | Model | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Harris, L. E. 2003. Submerged reef structures for beach erosion control. Pages 1155-1163 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2003 | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection | ||
Hiraishi, T., K. Hirayama, K. Harasaki, and I. Uehara. 2003. Experimental Study on Directional Wave on Reef. Pages 1586-1592 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2003 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Hoitink, A. J. F. and P. Hoekstra. 2003. Hydrodynamic control of the supply of reworked terrigenous sediment to coral reefs in the Bay of Banten (NW Java, Indonesia). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 58:743-755. | 2003 | Java; Indonesia | Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Huang, L., Y. Tan, X. Song, X. Huang, H. Wang, S. Zhang, J. Dong, and R. Chen. 2003. The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:180-186. | 2003 | China | Fish; Mangroves; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Plankton; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Kirke, B. 2003. Enhancing fish stocks with wave-powered artificial upwelling. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:901-915. | 2003 | Australia | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Plankton; Shoreline Protection | |
Lewis, D. N., S. K. Donovan, and P. Sawford. 2003. Fossil echinoderms from the Carboniferous Limestone sea defence blocks at Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 114:307-317. | 2003 | Oman; England | Echinoderms; Shoreline Protection | |
Monroy, J. and M. Sato. 2003. A VOF Numerical Model of Storm Waves on Coral Reefs. Pages 2066-2073 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2003 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Nott, J. and E. Bryant. 2003. Extreme marine inundations (Tsunamis?) of coastal Western Australia. Journal of Geology 111:691-706. | 2003 | Australia; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Storms & Hurricanes |
Nott, J. F. 2003. The urban geology of Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Quaternary International 103:75-82. | 2003 | Australia | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | |
Ramanujam, N. and R. Sudarsan. 2003. A study of coastal transformation at Tuticorin as a result of emerged and submerged natural breakwaters of Van Island, Gulf of Mannar. Environmental Geology 43:521-525. | 2003 | India | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Ridgwell, A. J., A. J. Watson, M. A. Maslin, and J. O. Kaplan. 2003. Implications of coral reef buildup for the controls on atmospheric CO2 since the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography 18:1-Jul. | 2003 | Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Sediment | ||
Rodgers, K., E. Cox, and C. Newtson. 2003. Effects of mechanical fracturing and experimental trampling on Hawaiian corals. Environmental Management 31:377-384. | 2003 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Trampling | |
Saitoh, T. and H. Ishida. 2003. Laboratory experiments for mass transport velocities and turbulence flows due to new type wave front breaker over artificial reef. Pages 814-823 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2003 | Lab Study | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Santacesaria, M. 2003. The sea barrier [La barriera marina]. Industria Italiana del Cemento 73:320-333. | 2003 | Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection | ||
Shirlal, K. G., S. Rao, and S. K. M. Prasad. 2003. Stability of tandem breakwater. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Civil Engineering Division 84:159-164. | 2003 | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Sigurdarson, S., A. Jacobsen, O. B. Smarason, S. Bjordal, G. Viggosson, C. Urrang, and A. Torum. 2003. Sirevåg berm breakwater, design, construction and experience after design storm. Pages 1212-1224 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2003 | Norway; Iceland | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Stauble, D. K. and J. R. Tabar. 2003. The use of submerged narrow-crested breakwaters for shoreline erosion control. Journal of Coastal Research 19:684-722. | 2003 | Florida; India | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Storlazzi, C. D., J. B. Logan, and M. E. Field. 2003. Quantitative morphology of a fringing reef tract from high-resolution laser bathymetry: Southern Molokai, Hawaii. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 115:1344-1355. | 2003 | US Pacific & Hawaii | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Suzuki, K. and S. Takahashi. 2003. Liquefaction of loosely deposited sandbed behind a breakwater due to wave overtopping. Pages 656-662 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2003 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Tabar, J. R. and D. K. Staubte. 2003. Evaluation of submerged narrow crested breakwaters for shoreline protection. Pages 1122-1134 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. | 2003 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Utsuno, H., T. Oda, Y. Hanawa, Y. Hamazaki, N. Takehana, and M. Okumura. 2003. Characteristics of wave energy dissipating structures incorporating multi-slit walls and a slanted ceiling panel. R and D: Research and Development Kobe Steel Engineering Reports 53:80-85. | 2003 | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | ||
Whittingham, E., J. Campbell, and P. Townsley. 2003. Poverty and Reefs. DFID-IMM-IOC/UNESCO. | 2003 | Climate; Shoreline Protection | ||
Yamano, H., O. Abe, E. Matsumoto, H. Kayanne, N. Yonekura, and P. Blanchon. 2003. Influence of wave energy on Holocene coral reef development: An example from Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Sedimentary Geology 159:27-41. | 2003 | Japan | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Cesar, H. 2002. The biodiversity benefits of coral reef ecosystems: values and markets. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris. | 2002 | Global; Indonesia | Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
Cheal, A. J., G. Coleman, S. Delean, I. Miller, K. Osborne, and H. Sweatman. 2002. Responses of coral and fish assemblages to a severe but short-lived tropical cyclone on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 21:131-142. | 2002 | Australia | Fish; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral | |
Fowler, J., T. C. Stephens, M. Santiago, and P. de Bruin. 2002. Amwaj Islands constructed with geotubes, Bahrain. World Dredging, Mining and Construction 38:Jun-40. | 2002 | Bahrain | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Heibaum, M. H. 2002. Geosynthetic containers - A new field of application with nearly no limits [Geokunststoff-container- ein neues und nahezu unbegrenztes Anwendungsgebiet]. Geotechnik 25:254-260. | 2002 | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Hill, M. S. and A. L. Hill. 2002. Morphological plasticity in the tropical sponge Anthosigmella varians: Responses to predators and wave energy. Biological Bulletin 202:86-95. | 2002 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Fish; Shoreline Protection; Sponges |
Iijima, K. and S. Shiraishi. 2002. Response Analysis Method of VLFS in Coastal Area Considering Topographical Effects on Wave Deformations. Pages 342-349 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2002 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Lee, S. Y., C. J. Kwon, K.-S. Lee, and C. I. Choi. 2002. Distribution of eelgrass, Zostera marina L. on coasts of the Korean Peninsula: Preliminary study for eelgrass restoration. Ocean and Polar Research 24:55-61. | 2002 | Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Machado, A. J. and S. S. Moraes. 2002. A note on the occurrence of the encrusting foraminifera Homotrema rubrum in reef sediments from two distinctive hydrodynamic settings. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 74:727-735. | 2002 | Algae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | ||
Mohammad, L. A. and O. J. Jensen. 2002. The development of a breakwater design at Caleta La Mision Port, Argentina. Pages 213-221 in Water Studies. | 2002 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Paskoff, R. 2002. Sea level rise: The myths and the reality [L'elevation du niveau de la mer: Le mythe et la realite]. Acta Geographica 132:65-71. | 2002 | Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Pomar, L., A. Obrador, and H. Westphal. 2002. Sub-wavebase cross-bedded grainstones on a distally steepened carbonate ramp, Upper Miocene, Menorca, Spain. Sedimentology 49:139-169. | 2002 | Spain | Algae; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Pondella II, D. J., J. S. Stephens Jr., and M. T. Craig. 2002. Fish production of a temperate artificial reef based on the density of embiotocids (Teleostei: Perciformes). ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. | 2002 | Model | Artificial Habitat; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection | |
Restall, S. J., L. A. Jackson, G. Heerten, and W. P. Hornsey. 2002. Case studies showing the growth and development of geotextile sand containers: An Australian perspective. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20:321-342. | 2002 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection |
Serumgard, J. R. 2002. Issues in scrap tire management. Technology 8:299-300. | 2002 | Civil Engineering & Construction; Fish; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Shoreline Protection | ||
Stephens Jr., J. and D. Pondella II. 2002. Larval productivity of a mature artificial reef: The ichthyoplankton of King Harbor, California, 1974-1997. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. | 2002 | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Warren, A. L. 2002. Flood risk management for a Caribbean island. Water Management 154:199-205. | 2002 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Infrastructure; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Arceo, H. O., M. C. Quibilan, P. M. Alino, G. Lim, and W. Y. Licuanan. 2001. Coral bleaching in Philippine reefs: Coincident evidences with mesoscale thermal anomalies. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:579-593. | 2001 | Philippines | Sea Temperatures; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral | |
Bleck, M. and H. Oumeraci. 2001. Wave damping and spectral evolution at artificial reefs. Pages 1062-1071 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis. | 2001 | Model | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection | |
Chaston, K.A.V. 2001. Sediment Nutrient Bioavailability in a Sub-tropical Catchment Dominated by Agriculture: The transition from Land to Sea. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland. | 2001 | Australia | Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Clauss, G. F., R. Habel, and C. Pakozdi. 2001. Non-linear wave structure interactions at artifical reefs. Pages 194-200 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2001 | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Cole, R. G., R. C. Babcock, V. Travers, and R. G. Creese. 2001. Distributional expansion of Carpophyllum flexuosum onto wave-exposed reefs in north-eastern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35:17-32. | 2001 | Model | Sea Urchins; Shoreline Protection | |
Crossman, D. J., J. H. Choat, K. D. Clements, T. Hardy, and J. McConochie. 2001. Detritus as food for grazing fishes on coral reefs. Limnology and Oceanography 46:1596-1605. | 2001 | Australia | Model | Algae; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish |
Fulton, C. J., D. R. Bellwood, and P. C. Wainwright. 2001. The relationship between swimming ability and habitat use in wrasses (Labridae). Marine Biology 139:25-33. | 2001 | Australia | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Shoreline Protection | |
Gherardi, D. F. M. and D. W. J. Bosence. 2001. Composition and community structure of the coralline algal reefs from Atol das Rocas, South Atlantic, Brazil. Coral Reefs 19:205-219. | 2001 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Algae; Boring Sponges; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Sponges | |
Hayne, M. and J. Chappell. 2001. Cyclone frequency during the last 5000 years at Curacoa Island, north Queensland, Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 168:207-219. | 2001 | Australia | Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Hearn, C., M. Atkinson, and J. Falter. 2001. A physical derivation of nutrient-uptake rates in coral reefs: Effects of roughness and waves. Coral Reefs 20:347-356. | 2001 | Model | Nutrients; Shoreline Protection | |
Johnson, M. E. and J. Ledesma-Vazquez. 2001. Pliocene-pleistocene rocky shorelines trace coastal development of Bahia Concepcion, gulf coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 166:65-88. | 2001 | South & Central America; Mexico | Coastal Development; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Kahle, C. F. 2001. Biosedimentology of a silurian thrombolite reef with meter-scale growth framework cavities. Journal of Sedimentary Research 71:410-422. | 2001 | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Kraines, S. B., M. Isobe, and H. Komiyama. 2001. Seasonal variations in the exchange of water and water-borne particles at Majuro Atoll, the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Coral Reefs 20:330-340. | 2001 | Marshall Islands | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection |
Marsden, J. E. and M. A. Chotkowski. 2001. Lake trout spawning on artificial reefs and the effect of zebra mussels: Fatal attraction? Journal of Great Lakes Research 27:33-43. | 2001 | Cuba; India | Lab Study | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate |
Massel, S. R. and R. M. Brinkman. 2001. Wave-induced set-up and flow over shoals and coral reefs. Part 1. A simplified bottom geometry case. Oceanologia 43:373-388. | 2001 | Model | Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Obura, D. O. 2001. Kenya. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1264-1278. | 2001 | Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; India | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation |
Pandolfi, J. M. and J. B. C. Jackson. 2001. Community structure of Pleistocene coral reefs of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Ecological Monographs 71:49-67. | 2001 | South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean | Shoreline Protection | |
Riegl, B. 2001. Inhibition of reef framework by frequent disturbance: Examples from the Arabian Gulf, South Africa, and the Cayman Islands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:79-101. | 2001 | South & Central America; Indian Ocean; Cayman Islands; India; Caribbean; South Africa | Model | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes |
Roseman, E. F., W. W. Taylor, D. B. Hayes, R. L. Knight, and R. C. Haas. 2001. Removal of walleye eggs from reefs in western Lake Erie by a catastrophic storm. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:341-346. | 2001 | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Schuttenberg, editor. 2001. Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response - Selected Papers Presented at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium October 2000. Coastal Management Report #2230, Coastal Resources Center, Narragansett, (Rhode Island, USA). | 2001 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Philippines | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Sharma, S. K., B. R. Lienert, and J. N. Porter. 2001. Scanning lidar measurements of marine aerosol fields at a coastal site in Hawaii. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4153:159-166. | 2001 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing | Shoreline Protection |
Shiraishi, S., K. Harasaki, H. Yoneyama, K. Iijima, and T. Hiraishi. 2001. Experimental study on elastic response and mooring forces of very large floating structures moored inside reef. Pages 329-337 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE. | 2001 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Siladharma, I. and M. G. Satish. 2001. Stability of low crested rubble mound breakwaters under wave attack. Pages 235-242 in Environmental Studies. | 2001 | Model | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Storlazzi, C. D., M. E. Field, J. D. Dykes, P. L. Jokiel, and E. Brown. 2001. Wave control on reef morphology and coral distribution: Molokai, Hawaii. Pages 784-793 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis. | 2001 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral |
Thacker, R. W. and V. J. Paul. 2001. Are benthic cyanobacteria indicators of nutrient enrichment? Relationships between cyanobacterial abundance and environmental factors on the reef flats of Guam. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:497-508. | 2001 | Guam | Index or Indicator | Algae; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Salinity; Shoreline Protection |
Torres, R., M. Chiappone, F. Geraldes, Y. Rodriguez, and M. Vega. 2001. Sedimentation as an important environmental influence on Dominican Republic reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:805-818. | 2001 | Dominican Republic | GIS & Maps | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation |
Vogelzang, J. 2001. A model comparison study to the imaging of submarine reefs with synthetic aperture radar. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22:2509-2536. | 2001 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Zhang, Q. 2001. On biogeomorphology of Luhuitou fringing reef of Sanya City, Hainan Island, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 46:97-102. | 2001 | China | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Bulleri, F., M. Menconi, F. Cinelli, and L. Benedetti-Cecchi. 2000. Grazing by two species of limpets on artificial reefs in the northwest Mediterranean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 255:19-Jan. | 2000 | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Shoreline Protection | ||
Clauss, G. F. and R. Habel. 2000. Artificial reefs for coastal protection - Transient viscous computation and experimental evaluation. Pages 1799-1812 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. | 2000 | Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Gabriel, M., S. Marshall, and S. Jennings. 2000. The Seychelles. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 233-241. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India | Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Heerten, G., A. Jackson, S. Restall, and F. Saathoff. 2000. New geotextile developments with mechanically-bonded nonwoven sand containers as soft coastal structures. Pages 2342-2355 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. | 2000 | Australia | Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
Ibrahim, Z. Z., A. Arshad, L. S. Chong, J. S. Bujang, L. A. Theem, N. M. R. Abdullah, and M. M. Marghany. 2000. East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 345-359. | 2000 | Malaysia; China | Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Isla, F. I. and G. G. Bujalesky. 2000. Cannibalisation of Holocene gravel beach-ridge plains, northern Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Marine Geology 170:105-122. | 2000 | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Jaap, W. C. 2000. Coral reef restoration. Ecological Engineering 15:345-364. | 2000 | Florida | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Lienert Barry, R., N. Porter John, K. Sharma Shiv, and KE IT H Horton. 2000. Diurnal variation of boundary layer extinction on the windward side of O'ahu, Hawai'i measured by a scanning lidar. Pages 1657-1659 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). | 2000 | Remote Sensing | Shoreline Protection | |
Lindley, I. D. 2000. Acanthodian fish remains from the Lower Devonian Cavan Bluff Limestone (Murrumbidgee Group), Taemas district, New South Wales. Alcheringa 24:Nov-35. | 2000 | Australia | Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | |
Lugo, A. E., C. S. Rogers, and S. W. Nixon. 2000. Hurricanes, coral reefs and rainforests: Resistance, ruin and recovery in the Caribbean. Ambio 29:106-114. | 2000 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Fish; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Massel, S. R. and M. R. Gourlay. 2000. On the modelling of wave breaking and set-up on coral reefs. Coastal Engineering 39:27-Jan. | 2000 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Morelock, J., J. Capella, J. Garcia, and M. Barreto. 2000. Puerto Rico. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 575-585. | 2000 | Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii | Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Nunn, P. D. 2000. Coastal changes over the past 200 years around Ovalau and Moturiki Islands, Fiji: Implications for coastal zone management. Australian Geographer 31:21-39. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji | Mangroves; Shoreline Protection | |
Ramachandran, S. 2000. Southeast India. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 161-173. | 2000 | India | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fishing Sector; Irrigation; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Reaser, J. K., R. Pomerance, and P. O. Thomas. 2000. Coral bleaching and global climate change: Scientific findings and policy recommendations. Conservation Biology 14:1500-1511. | 2000 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Shoreline Protection |
Riegl, B. and W. E. Piller. 2000. Mapping of benthic habitats in northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt): A tool for proactive management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10:127-140. | 2000 | Egypt | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Sanderson, P. G. 2000. A comparison of reef-protected environments in Western Australia: The central west and Ningaloo coasts. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25:397-419. | 2000 | Australia | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Short, A. D. 2000. The distribution and impact of carbonate sands on southern Australian beach-dune systems. Pages 236-250 in Carbonate Beaches 2000. | 2000 | Australia | Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Souter, D. W. and O. Linden. 2000. The health and future of coral reef systems. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:657-688. | 2000 | Review | Biotechnology Research & Development; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Sea Temperatures; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Sumi, H. and A. Wada. 2000. Research on providing habitable environment for bivalves by use of artificial reefs. Mer 38:25-Nov. | 2000 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Shoreline Protection | |
Trautman, D. A., R. Hinde, and M. A. Borowitzka. 2000. Population dynamics of an association between a coral reef sponge and a red macroalga. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 244:87-105. | 2000 | Australia | Algae; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes | |
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C. | 2000 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Wood, R. and C. Oppenheimer. 2000. Spur and groove morphology from a Late Devonian reef. Sedimentary Geology 133:185-193. | 2000 | Australia | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Sponges | |
[No author name available]. 1999. Dredging and the Great Barrier Reef. World Dredging, Mining and Construction 35. | 1999 | Global; Australia | Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection | |
Adams, J. M. and W. M. Post. 1999. A preliminary estimate of changing calcrete carbon storage on land since the Last Glacial Maximum. Global and Planetary Change 20:243-256. | 1999 | Global | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Sediment | |
Anglin, D., K. MacIntosh, J. Prehn, and D. Werren. 1999. Monitoring and modeling of tandem breakwater system at Hammond, IN. Pages 63-76 in Breakwaters '99 First International Symposium on Monitoring of Breakwaters. | 1999 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Docks & Marinas; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Bulatov, M. G., M. I. Mityagina, and E. I. Skvortsov. 1999. Microwave and optical combined studies of the sea surface in shallow areas. Pages 1186-1188 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing | Shoreline Protection |
Cruickshank, M. J. 1999. Development of aggregate resources in Pacific tropical islands. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:101. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Fujimoto, K., A. Imaya, R. Tabuchi, S. Kuramoto, H. Utsugi, and T. Murofushi. 1999. Belowground carbon storage of Micronesian mangrove forests. Ecological Research 14:409-413. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Mangroves | |
Gherardi, D. F. M. and D. W. J. Bosence. 1999. Modeling of the ecological succession of encrusting organisms in recent coralline-algal frameworks from Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Palaios 14:145-158. | 1999 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Model | Shoreline Protection; Substrate |
Hill, M. S. 1999. Morphological and genetic examination of phenotypic variability in the tropical sponge Anthosigmella varians. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44:239-247. | 1999 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Stony Coral |
Hilton, M. J. and C. L. Ming. 1999. Sediment facies of a low-energy, meso-tidal, fringing reef, Singapore. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 20:111-130. | 1999 | Thailand; Malaysia | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Kershaw, S. and F. R. Brunton. 1999. Palaeozoic stromatoporoid taphonomy: Ecologic and environmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 149:313-328. | 1999 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | |
Mead, S. and K. Black. 1999. A multipurpose, artificial reef at Mount Maunganui Beach, New Zealand. Coastal Management 27:355-365. | 1999 | Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Munoz-Perez, J. J., L. Tejedor, and R. Medina. 1999. Equilibrium beach profile model for reef-protected beaches. Journal of Coastal Research 15:950-957. | 1999 | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. | 1999 | Non-point Source Runoff; Shoreline Protection | ||
Onda, M. 1999. The distribution of large reef blocks and the effect of geomorphic development in Kudaka Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Geographical Review of Japan, Series A 72:746-762. | 1999 | Japan | Field Study & Monitoring | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes |
Pet-Soede, L., H. S. J. Cesar, and J. S. Pet. 1999. An economic analysis of blast fishing on Indonesian coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 26:83-93. | 1999 | Indonesia | Model | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Schuhmacher, H. 1999. Korallenriffe-Bedrohungen, Schutzkonzepte und Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 51:17-23. | 1999 | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Wright, J. and D. Morton. 1999. Promoting erosion control in the Virgin Islands. Pages 8-May in Investing in the protection of our environment. Proceedings of conference 30, Nashville, 1999. (International Erosion Control Association). | 1999 | US Virgin Islands | Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies | |
Friedlander, A. M. and J. D. Parrish. 1998. Temporal dynamics of fish communities on an exposed shoreline in Hawaii. Environmental Biology of Fishes 53:18-Jan. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Goda, YO SH IM I and HI RO SH I Takagi. 1998. Lateral versus longitudinal artificial reef systems. Pages 2152-2165 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1998 | Model | Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
Grigg, R. W. 1998. Holocene coral reef accretion in Hawaii: A function of wave exposure and sea level history. Coral Reefs 17:263-272. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Gunaratna, P. P., P. Justesen, D. S. Abeysirigunawardena, and H.-J. Scheffer. 1998. Application of mathematical modeling in optimizing layout of a large industrial fishery harbour. Pages 1276-1289 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1998 | Sri Lanka | Model | Coastal Engineering; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Hower Amy, E. 1998. Combining wave energy and artificial reef technology for sustainable coastal resource development. Pages 1691-1695 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 1998 | Review | Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Drinking Water Supply; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Jensen, TH OM AS, PE TE R Sloth, and VA GN ER Jacobsen. 1998. Wave dynamics and revetment design on a natural reef. Pages 1138-1151 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1998 | Indonesia | Coastal Engineering; Hotel & Food Services; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Kalbfleisch, W. B. C. and B. Jones. 1998. Sedimentology of shallow, hurricane-affected lagoons: Grand Cayman, British West Indies. Journal of Coastal Research 14:140-160. | 1998 | Algae; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | ||
Kench, P. S. 1998. Physical processes in an Indian Ocean atoll. Coral Reefs 17:155-168. | 1998 | Indian Ocean; India | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Lugo-Fernandez, A., H. H. Roberts, and J. N. Suhayda. 1998. Wave transformations across a caribbean fringing-barrier Coral Reef. Continental Shelf Research 18:1099-1124. | 1998 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Lugo-Fernandez, A., H. H. Roberts, W. J. Wiseman Jr. 1998. Tide effects on wave attenuation and wave set-up on a Caribbean coral reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 47:385-393. | 1998 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Mimura, N. and P. D. Nunn. 1998. Trends of beach erosion and shoreline protection in rural Fiji. Journal of Coastal Research 14:37-46. | 1998 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji | Climate; Mangroves; Shoreline Protection | |
Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. | 1998 | Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Venezuela; India | Model | Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water |
Nakamura, SA TO SH I and NI CH OL AS Dodd. 1998. Numerical model of low frequency wave motion on a beach and over reefs. Pages 166-180 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis. | 1998 | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection | |
Paskoff, R. 1998. Possible consequences on coastal environments of the foreseeable sea level rise of the coming decades [Consequences possibles sur les milieux littoraux de l'elevation du niveau de la mer prevue pour les prochaines decennies]. Annales de Geographie 600:233-248. | 1998 | Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Pirazzoli, P. A. 1998. Coral conglomerates as markers of past environments [Les conglomerats coralliens: temoins des environnements du passe]. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 42:209-219. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Smith, I. P., K. J. Collins, and A. C. Jensen. 1998. Movement and activity patterns of the European lobster, Homaras gammarus, revealed by electromagnetic telemetry. Marine Biology 132:611-623. | 1998 | Europe; England | Artificial Habitat; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Shoreline Protection | |
Azarmsa, S. A. and T. Yasuda. 1997. Deformation and decay of different classes of breakers. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 123:200-207. | 1997 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Barry, JA ME S, G. Schock Steven, and MA RC Ericksen. 1997. New broad band frequency modulated subbottom profiler developed for Hawaii. Pages 120-127 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 1997 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Browder Albert, E., G. Dean Robert, and RE NJ IE Chen. 1997. Performance of a submerged breakwater for shore protection. Pages 2312-2323 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1997 | Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | ||
Carver, R. D. and R. R. Bottin Jr. 1997. Reef breakwater design for Burns Waterway Harbor, Indiana, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research 13:1267-1281. | 1997 | India | Model | Coastal Engineering; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral |
Davis, H. 1997. Progress on Norfolk's coastal defences. Dredging and Port Construction 24:39. | 1997 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Dean, R. G., R. Chen, and A. E. Browder. 1997. Full scale monitoring study of a submerged breakwater, Palm Beach, Florida, USA. Coastal Engineering 29:291-315. | 1997 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Fabricius, K. E. 1997. Soft coral abundance on the central Great Barrier Reef: Effects of Acanthaster planci, space availability, and aspects of the physical environment. Coral Reefs 16:159-167. | 1997 | Australia | Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Octocoral; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates | |
Fishelson, L. and O. Sharon. 1997. Spatial and foraging behaviour, diet and morphogenesis of postlarvae and juveniles of Pempheris vanicolensis in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of Fish Biology 51:251-265. | 1997 | Fish; Plankton; Shoreline Protection | ||
Pandolfi, J. M. and B. J. Greenstein. 1997. Taphonomic alteration of reef corals: Effects of reef environment and coral growth form. I. The Great Barrier Reef. Palaios 12:27-42. | 1997 | Australia | Index or Indicator | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Steneck, R. S., I. G. Macintyre, and R. P. Reid. 1997. A unique algal ridge system in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas. Coral Reefs 16:29-37. | 1997 | South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean | Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
van Gent Marcel, R. A. 1997. Numerical modelling of wave interaction with dynamically stable structures. Pages 1930-1943 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1997 | Model | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
Yasuda, T., H. Mutsuda, and N. Mizutani. 1997. Kinematics of overturning solitary waves and their relations to breaker types. Coastal Engineering 29:317-346. | 1997 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator | Shoreline Protection | |
Aalto, K. R. and R. F. Dill. 1996. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy of a carbonate platform margin, Exumas, Bahamas. Sedimentary Geology 103:129-143. | 1996 | Bahamas | Field Study & Monitoring | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Cesar, H. 1996. Economic analysis of Indonesian coral reefs. The World Bank, Washington, D.C. | 1996 | Global; Indonesia | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Chiappone, M., K. M. Sullivan, and C. Lott. 1996. Hermatypic scleractinian corals of the Southeastern Bahamas: A comparison to western Atlantic reef systems. Caribbean Journal of Science 32:13-Jan. | 1996 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Turks and Caicos; Bermuda; Trinidad; Caribbean; Mexico | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | |
CPTAS,. 1996. Coastal Protection Technical Assistance Service on-line library. Coastal Protection Technical Assistance Service on-line library. | 1996 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; GIS & Maps | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection | |
Duarte, C. M. and J. Cebrian. 1996. The fate of marine autotrophic production. Limnology and Oceanography 41:1758-1766. | 1996 | Global | Algae; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Mangroves; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment | |
Fletcher III, C. H. and A. T. Jones. 1996. Sea-level highstand recorded in holocene shoreline deposits on Oahu, Hawaii. Journal of Sedimentary Research 66:632-641. | 1996 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Gourlay, M. R. 1996. Wave set-up on coral reefs. 1. Set-up and wave-generated flow on an idealised two dimensional horizontal reef. Coastal Engineering 27:161-193. | 1996 | Lab Study; Model | Discharges; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Hardy, T. A. and I. R. Young. 1996. Field study of wave attenuation on an offshore coral reef. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 101:14311-14326. | 1996 | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Hart, A. M., D. W. Klumpp, and G. R. Russ. 1996. Response of herbivorous fishes to crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci outbreaks. II. Density and biomass of selected species of herbivorous fish and fish-habitat correlations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 132:21-30. | 1996 | Australia | Algae; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae | |
Hearn Clifford, J. 1996. Application of the model SPECIES to Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Pages 355-366 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. | 1996 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Kitheka, J. U. 1996. Water circulation and coastal trapping of brackish water in a tropical mangrove-dominated bay in Kenya. Limnology and Oceanography 41:169-176. | 1996 | Kenya | Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Macintyre, I. G., R. P. Reid, and R. S. Steneck. 1996. Growth history of stromatolites in a Holocene fringing reef, Stocking Island, Bahamas. Journal of Sedimentary Research 66:231-242. | 1996 | Bahamas | Algae; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Turf Algae | |
Szlauer, L. and B. Szlauer. 1996. An attempt to manipulate a lake by deploying polyethylene sheets. Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii 43:311-321. | 1996 | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Sponges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products | ||
Ayvazian, S. G. and G. A. Hyndes. 1995. Surf-zone fish assemblages in south-western Australia: Do adjacent nearshore habitats and the warm Leeuwin current influence the characteristics of the fish fauna? Marine Biology 122:527-536. | 1995 | Australia | Fish; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection | |
Cabioch, G., L. F. Montaggioni, and G. Faure. 1995. Holocene initiation and development of New Caledonian fringing reefs, SW Pacific. Coral Reefs 14:131-140. | 1995 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia | Algae; Coralline Algae; Octocoral; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
McClanahan, T. R. 1995. A coral reef ecosystem-fisheries model: Impacts of fishing intensity and catch selection on reef structure and processes. Ecological Modelling 80:19-Jan. | 1995 | Model | Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Scholz, J. and G. Hillmer. 1995. Reef-bryozoans and bryozoan-microreefs: Control factor evidence from the philippines and other regions. Facies 32:109-143. | 1995 | Global; Philippines | Microorganisms; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate | |
Smith, M. S. and J. B. Shepherd. 1995. Potential cauchy-poisson waves generated by submarine eruptions of kick 'em Jenny volcano. Natural Hazards 11:75-94. | 1995 | South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean | Shoreline Protection | |
Sulaiman Dede, M., SH IG EA KI Tsutsui, HI RO SH I Yoshioka, TA KA O Yamashita, SH IN IC HI Oshiro, and YO SH IT O Tsuchiya. 1995. Prediction of the maximum wave on the coral flat. Pages 609-623 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1995 | Indonesia | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
Symonds, G., K. P. Black, and I. R. Young. 1995. Wave-driven flow over shallow reefs. Journal of Geophysical Research 100:2639-2648. | 1995 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Tegner, M. J., P. K. Dayton, P. B. Edwards, K. L. Riser, D. B. Chadwick, T. A. Dean, and L. Deysher. 1995. Effects of a large sewage spill on a kelp forest community: Catastrophe or disturbance? Marine Environmental Research 40:181-224. | 1995 | Light; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Burke, R. B. 1994. How have Holocene sea level rise and antecedent topography influenced Belize barrier reef development? Pages 14-20 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. | 1994 | Global; South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Collins, K. J., A. C. Jensen, A. P. M. Lockwood, and S. J. Lockwood. 1994. Coastal structures, waste materials and fishery enhancement. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1240-1250. | 1994 | Review | Agriculture; Coal Mining; Coastal Defense; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Waste Management Policies | |
Creter, R. E. 1994. Offshore erosion control takes on new dimensions. Sea Technology 35:23-26. | 1994 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Gourlay, M. R. 1994. Wave transformation on a coral reef. Coastal Engineering 23:17-42. | 1994 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Lugo-Fernandez, A., M. L. Hernandez-Avila, and H. H. Roberts. 1994. Wave-energy distribution and hurricane effects on Margarita Reef, southwestern Puerto Rico. Coral Reefs 13:21-32. | 1994 | Puerto Rico | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
McCall, J., B. Rosen, and J. Darrell. 1994. Carbonate deposition in accretionary prism settings: Early miocene coral limestones and corals of the Makran mountain range in Southern Iran. Facies 31:141-177. | 1994 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Middle East; Iran; Indonesia; France | Model; GIS & Maps | Algae; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Nelson, R. C. 1994. Depth limited design wave heights in very flat regions. Coastal Engineering 23:43-59. | 1994 | Australia | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Ogden, J. C. and N. B. Ogden. 1994. The coral reefs of the San Blas Islands: revisited after 20 years. Pages 267-272 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. | 1994 | Global; South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral |
Okubo, HI RO SH I, IC HI O Kojima, YO IC HI Takahashi, and HI RO Moritaka. 1994. Development of new types of breakwaters. Nippon Steel Technical Report 60:16-Sep. | 1994 | Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection | ||
Salm, R. 1994. Coral's hidden riches. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:19-21. | 1994 | Indian Ocean; India | Model | Aquaculture; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Forestry; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Stephens Jr, J. S., P. A. Morris, D. J. Pondella, T. A. Koonce, and G. A. Jordan. 1994. Overview of the dynamics of an urban artificial reef fish assemblage at King Harbor, California, USA, 1974-1991: a recruitment driven system. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1224-1239. | 1994 | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection | ||
Wang, XU NL IA N. 1994. The rugose coral fauna from the upper part of the Heyuanzhai Formation in western Yunnan, China. Journal - Hokkaido University, Faculty of Science, Series 4: Geology & Mineralogy 23:343-552. | 1994 | China | Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | |
[No author name available]. 1993. 11th Australasian Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Pages 429-726 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. | 1993 | Australia | Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastal Zone'93. Pages 2415-3512 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1993 | Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico | GIS & Maps | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins |
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastlines of Japan II. in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1993 | Japan | Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Housing; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Bruno, MI CH AE L. 1993. Laboratory testing of an artificial reef erosion control device. Pages 2147-2154 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1993 | Lab Study; Model | Artificial Habitat; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
De Freitas, T. A., O. A. Dixon, and U. Mayr. 1993. Silurian pinnacle reefs of the Canadian Arctic. Palaios 8:172-182. | 1993 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Gourlay, M. R. 1993. Wave set-up and wave-generated currents on coral reefs. Pages 479-486 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. | 1993 | Australia | Lab Study; Model | Shoreline Protection |
Massel, S. R. 1993. Scattering of surface waves by a conical coral reef. Pages 467-471 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. | 1993 | Australia | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Smith Ernest, R. and C. Kraus Nicholas. 1993. Laboratory study of wave transformation on barred beach profiles. Pages 630-643 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1993 | Lab Study | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station and Coastal Engineering Research Center. 1993. Coastal engineering technical note: wave attenuation over reefs. | 1993 | Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | ||
Whitehead, T. 1993. Much binding in the marsh. Surveyor 180:12-Oct. | 1993 | Britain | Review | Shoreline Protection |
Young, I. R. and T. A. Hardy. 1993. Measurement and modelling of tropical cyclone waves in the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 12:85-95. | 1993 | Australia | Model | Shoreline Protection |
Berryman, K. R., Y. Ota, and A. G. Hull. 1992. Holocene coastal evolution under the influence of episodic tectonic uplift: Examples from New Zealand and Japan. Quaternary International 31-45. | 1992 | Japan | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Hubbard, D. K. 1992. Hurricane-induced sediment transport in open-shelf tropical systems - an example from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 62:946-960. | 1992 | US Virgin Islands | Octocoral; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Hubbard, D. K., K. M. Parsons, J. C. Bythell, and N. D. Walker. 1992. The effects of Hurricane Hugo on the reefs and associated environments of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands - a preliminary assessment. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue 8:33-48. | 1992 | US Virgin Islands | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
McGehee David, D. 1992. Remote automated wave and water level monitoring system deployed at Agat Harbor, Guam. Pages 898-907 in [No source information available]. | 1992 | Guam | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Roberts, H. H., P. A. Wilson, and A. Lugo-Fernandez. 1992. Biologic and geologic responses to physical processes: examples from modern reef systems of the Caribbean-Atlantic region. Continental Shelf Research 12:809-834. | 1992 | South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Bermuda; Nicaragua; Caribbean | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Scoffin, T. P., A. W. Tudhope, B. E. Brown, H. Chansang, and R. F. Cheeney. 1992. Patterns and possible environmental controls of skeletogenesis of Porites lutea, South Thailand. Coral Reefs 11:11-Jan. | 1992 | Thailand | Light; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | |
Short, A. D. and N. L. Trenaman. 1992. Wave climate of the Sydney region, an energetic and highly variable ocean wave regime. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:765-791. | 1992 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Shoreline Protection | |
Cox Jack, C. 1991. Reef breakwater design for Lake Michigan marina. Pages 130-139 in [No source information available]. | 1991 | Model | Docks & Marinas; Shoreline Protection | |
Hamaguchi, TA TS UO, TA KA AK I Uda, CH IK AR A Inoue, and AK IR A Igarashi. 1991. Field experiment on wave-dissipating effect of artificial reefs on the Niigata Coast. Coastal Engineering Journal 34:50-65. | 1991 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation | |
Hardy, T. A., I. R. Young, R. C. Nelson, and M. R. Gourlay. 1991. Wave attenuation on a coral reef. Transactions of the Institution of Engineers, Australia. Civil engineering 1:17-22. | 1991 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Hardy, T. A., I. R. Young, R. C. Nelson, and M. R. Gourlay. 1991. Wave attenuation on an offshore coral reef. Pages 330-344 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1991 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Logan, A. and T. Tomascik. 1991. Extension growth rates in two coral species from high-latitude reefs of Bermuda. Coral Reefs 10:155-160. | 1991 | Jamaica; Bermuda; India | Light; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | |
Osmolovskii, E. O., V. I. Simonov, N. K. Dzeranov, N. N. Zhipa, A. A. Morozov, D. V. Davydov, and V. I. Kartashov. 1991. The anesthesiological support for children in extracorporeal lithotripsy on the Urat-P apparatus [Anesteziologicheskoe obespechenie distantsionnoǐ litotripsii u deteǐ na apparate Urat-P.]. Urologiya i Nefrologiya 18-22. | 1991 | Pathogens; Shoreline Protection | ||
Prager, E. J. 1991. Numerical simulation of circulation in a Caribbean-type backreef lagoon - A preliminary study. Coral Reefs 10:177-182. | 1991 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Model | Shoreline Protection |
Sebens, K. P. and A. S. Johnson. 1991. Effects of water movement on prey capture and distribution of reef corals. Hydrobiologia 226:91-101. | 1991 | US Virgin Islands | Field Study & Monitoring | Complex Habitat & Resources; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Smith Ernest, R. and C. Kraus Nicholas. 1991. Laboratory study of wave-breaking over bars and artificial reefs. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 117:307-325. | 1991 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Index or Indicator | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Tsutsui, SH IG EA KI and DO N Lewis. 1991. Wave height prediction in unbounded coastal domains with bathymetric discontinuity. Coastal Engineering Journal 34:144-158. | 1991 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
van der Meer Jentsje, W. and W. Pilarczyk Krystian. 1991. Stability of low-crested and reef breakwaters. Pages 1375-1388 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1991 | Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | ||
Davies, G. R. and W. W. Nassichuk. 1990. Submarine cements and fabrics in Carboniferous to Lower Permian, reefal, shelf margin and slope carbonates, northwestern Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Bulletin - Geological Survey of Canada 399. | 1990 | Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Fagoonee, I. 1990. Coastal marine ecosystems of Mauritius. Hydrobiologia 208:55-62. | 1990 | Indian Ocean; Mauritius; India | Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Wetlands | |
Rosati, J. D. 1990. Functional design of breakwaters for shore protection: empirical methods. Technical Report - US Army Coastal Engineering Research Center. | 1990 | Coastal Engineering; Military; Shoreline Protection | ||
Smith, E. R. and N. C. Kraus. 1990. Laboratory study on macro-features of wave breaking over bars and artificial reefs. Technical Report - US Army Coastal Engineering Research Center. | 1990 | Lab Study | Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Military; Shoreline Protection | |
Straccia, F. G., B. H. Wilkinson, and G. R. Smith. 1990. Miocene lacustrine algal reefs-southwestern Snake River Plain, Idaho. Sedimentary Geology 67:23-Jul. | 1990 | Molluscs; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Uda, TA KA AK I. 1990. Damages caused by storm surges in Maldives. NIST Special Publication 796:431-433. | 1990 | Indian Ocean; Maldives; India | Coastal Development; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Walker, H. J. 1990. The coastal zone. Pages 271-294 The Earth as transformed by human action. | 1990 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; China | Shoreline Protection; Wetlands | |
Ahrens John, P. 1989. Stability of reef breakwaters. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 115:221-234. | 1989 | Model | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral | |
Ambrose, R. F. and S. L. Swarbrick. 1989. Comparison of fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs off the coast of southern California. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:718-733. | 1989 | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection | ||
Boc Jr. Stanley, J. and DA VI D McGehee. 1989. Agat small boat harbor. Guam monitoring plan. Pages 1492-1497 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1989 | Guam | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Military; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats |
Fairchild, I. J. and P. M. Herrington. 1989. A tempestite-stromatolite-evaporite association (late Vendian, East Greenland): a shoreface-lagoon model. Precambrian Research 43:101-127. | 1989 | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Graus, R. R. and I. G. Macintyre. 1989. The zonation patterns of Caribbean coral reefs as controlled by wave and light energy input, bathymetric setting and reef morphology: computer simulation experiments. Coral Reefs 8:18-Sep. | 1989 | South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Hanson, H. and N. Kraus. 1989. Genesis: Generalized model for simulating shoreline change. CERC-89-19 Report 1, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Department of the Army, Vicksburg,(Mississippi, USA). | 1989 | Model | Coastal Engineering; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Lin, N. K. 1989. Effects of artificial reefs on nearshore currents. in [No source information available]. | 1989 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection |
Lincoln Smith, M. P., J. D. Bell, D. A. Pollard, and B. C. Russell. 1989. Catch and effort of competition spearfishermen in Southeastern Australia. Fisheries Research 8:45-61. | 1989 | Australia | Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Shoreline Protection | |
McManus John, W. 1989. Earth observing system and coral reef fisheries. Pages 4936-4949 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1989 | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Shoreline Protection | |
Pratte, T. P., J. R. Walker, E. Gadd Peter, and B. Leidersdorf Craig. 1989. New wave on the horizon towards building surfing reefs nearshore. Pages 3403-3411 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1989 | Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Wells, S. and A. Edwards. 1989. Gone with the waves. New Scientist 124:1989. | 1989 | Global; Maldives | Shoreline Protection; Water | |
Yoshioko, P.M., B.B. Yoshioko. 1989. Effects of wave energy, topographic relief and sediment transport on the distribution of shallow-water gorgonians of Puerto. Coral Reefs 145-52. | 1989 | Octocoral; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | ||
[No author name available]. 1988. Berm breakwaters: unconventional rubble-mound breakwaters. in [No source information available]. | 1988 | Australia; Iceland | Model | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral |
[No author name available]. 1988. Stemming the tide on the Wirral. OFFSHORE RES. FOCUS 67:-4. | 1988 | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection | ||
Ahrens John, P. 1988. Reef breakwater response to wave attack. Pages 22-40 in [No source information available]. | 1988 | Model | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral | |
Ahrens John, P. and T. Fulford Edward. 1988. Wave energy dissipation by reef breakwaters. Pages 1244-1249 in [No source information available]. | 1988 | Lab Study; Model | Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral | |
Daniel, J. R. K. 1988. Sea defence strategies and their impact on a coast subject to a cyclic pattern of erosion and accretion. Ocean and Shoreline Management 11:159-175. | 1988 | Guyana | Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Smith, G. W. 1988. Influence of microbial deamination on ammonium pools in marine waters. Science of the Total Environment 75:319-324. | 1988 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Cuba | Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | |
Ahrens, J. P. 1987. Characteristics of reef breakwaters. Technical Report - US Army Coastal Engineering Research Center. | 1987 | Lab Study | Coastal Engineering; Military; Shoreline Protection | |
Cambers, G. 1987. A programme for beach erosion control in Barbados, West Indies. Pages ChiOceanPress-1987 in IN: 1987 PROC. COASTAL & PORT ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, SECOND INT. CONF., (BEIJING, CHINA: SEP. 7-11, 1987). | 1987 | South & Central America; China; Caribbean | Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Dixon, SU SE TT E. 1987. Aust Consultant Designs Tongan Harbor. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Australia 59:33. | 1987 | Australia; Tonga | Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats | |
Fleming, C. A. 1987. Holderness coast protection scheme. in [No source information available]. | 1987 | Review | Shoreline Protection | |
Kakuris Paul, A. 1987. Combination Of Cobble And Sill Controls Erosion. Pages 4589-4599 in [No source information available]. | 1987 | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Potts, G. W. and J. M. Edwards. 1987. The impact of a Gyrodinium aureolum bloom on inshore young fish populations. Journal - Marine Biological Association 67:293-297. | 1987 | Fish; Shoreline Protection | ||
Varma, M. M. and J. Alfaro. 1987. Coastal water quality and its effect on beach erosion: A case study. Journal of Environmental Systems 17. | 1987 | Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Shoreline Protection; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Adams Jr., C. E., J. T. Wells, and J. M. Coleman. 1986. Transverse bedforms on the Amazon shelf. Continental Shelf Research 6:175-187. | 1986 | Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Bhargava, O. N. and U. K. Bassi. 1986. Silurian reefal buildups: Spiti-Kinnaur, Himachal Himalaya, India. Facies 15:35-51. | 1986 | India | Algae; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Kjerfve, B., K. E. Magill, J. W. Porter, and J. D. Woodley. 1986. Hindcasting of hurricane characteristics and observed storm damage on a fringing reef, Jamaica, West Indies. Journal of Marine Research 44:119-148. | 1986 | South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Mader, C. L., M. Vitousek, and S. Lukas. 1986. Numerical modeling of atoll reef harbors. in [No source information available]. | 1986 | Model | Shoreline Protection | |
Tsuchiya, Y., I. Shibano, T. Yamashita, T. Shirai, and A. Yamamoto. 1986. Beach processes and their control in Itoigawa coast, Niigata [Beach processes and their control in Itoigawa coast, Niigata]. Annuals - Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University 29:727-762. | 1986 | Japan | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Wilson, T. C. and S. J. Krenn. 1986. Construction And Evaluation Of An Artificial Reef Designed To Enhance Nearshore Rockfish Production. Pages 547-551 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 1986 | Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate | ||
Birkeland, C. and D. Grosenbaugh. 1985. Ecological interactions between tropical coastal ecosytems. UNEP regional seas reports and studies No. 73. UNEP. | 1985 | Mangroves; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection | ||
Brown, B. E., L. Sya'rani, and M. Le Tissier. 1985. Skeletal form and growth in Acropora aspera (Dana) from the Pulau Seribu, Indonesia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 86:139-150. | 1985 | Indonesia | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | |
Fulford, E. T. 1985. Reef type breakwaters for shoreline stabilization. Pages Am.Soc.Civ.Engrs.-1985 in IN: COASTAL ZONE'85, PROC. FOURTH SYMP. ON COASTAL & OCEAN MANAGEMENT, (BALTIMORE, U.S.A.: JUL. 30-AUG. 2, 1985), O.T. MAGOON. | 1985 | Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection | ||
Heron, M. L., P. E. Dexter, and B. T. McGann. 1985. Parameters of the air- sea interface by high-frequency ground- wave Doppler radar ( Australia). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36:655-670. | 1985 | Australia | Shoreline Protection | |
Hopley, D. 1985. Queensland. in [No source information available]. | 1985 | Australia | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Kilpatrick, DA VI D. 1985. Tyres Help Holderness To Tread New Ground In Coastal Protection. Surveyor 165:11-Oct. | 1985 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Patton, M. L., R. S. Grove, and R. F. Harman. 1985. What do natural reefs tell us about designing artificial reefs in Southern California? Bulletin of Marine Science 37:279-298. | 1985 | Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Shoreline Protection; Substrate | ||
Shabica Charles, W. 1985. Sediment Accretion Associated With Surgebreaker Offshore Reef, A Low Cost Shore Protection Device: An Update On The Corps Of Engineers Section 54 Program. Pages 575-580 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 1985 | Mitigation; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | ||
Stark, K. P., L. Bode, and L. B. Mason. 1985. Simulation Of Tides And Storm Surges In The Great Barrier Reef Region. Pages 226-242 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1985 | Australia | Model | Coastal Engineering; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Storms & Hurricanes |
Stewart Jr. Harris, B. 1985. Man-Made Offshore Islands: An Innovative Solution To Coastal Erosion. Pages 1145-1149 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1985 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Tanner, W. F. 1985. Florida. in [No source information available]. | 1985 | Florida | Shoreline Protection | |
Campbell Thomas, J. and KI M Beachler. 1984. Engineering For Beach Restoration Dredging. Pages 1014-1023 in [No source information available]. | 1984 | Florida | Review | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation |
Ryland, J. S., R. A. Wigley, and A. Muirhead. 1984. Ecology and colonial dynamics of some Pacific reef flat Didemnidae (Ascidiacea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 80:261-282. | 1984 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji | Algae; Shoreline Protection | |
Stephens Jr., J. S., P. A. Morris, K. Zerba, and M. Love. 1984. Factors affecting fish diversity on a temperate reef: the fish assemblage of Palos Verdes Point, 1974-1981. Environmental Biology of Fishes 11:259-275. | 1984 | Fish; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection | ||
Welsh, N. 1984. Saving the beaches at New Brighton. CONSTR. NEWS 5892:1984. | 1984 | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection | ||
Gourlay, M. R. 1983. Interaction between natural processes and engineering works on the leeward side of a coral cay: a case study of Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef. Page Conventions in IN: PROC. INT. CONF. ON COASTAL AND PORT ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, (COLOMBO, SRI LANKA: MAR. 20-26, 1983). | 1983 | Australia; Sri Lanka | Coastal Engineering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection | |
Kjerfve, B. and S. P. Dinnel. 1983. Hindcast hurricane characteristics on the Belize barrier reef. Coral Reefs 1:203-207. | 1983 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Robert, P. K. and R. Mitchell. 1983. Environmental implications of wave energy proposals for the outer hebrides and Moray Firth. Ocean Engineering 10:459-469. | 1983 | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Shoreline Protection; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Roberts, H. H. and J. N. Suhayda. 1983. Wave-current interactions on a shallow reef (Nicaragua, Central America). Coral Reefs 1:209-214. | 1983 | South & Central America; Nicaragua | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Yahya, M. 1983. Perpendicular groyne system along the particular beach of Sanur - Bali. Page Conventions in IN: PROC. INT. CONF. ON COASTAL AND PORT ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, (COLOMBO, SRI LANKA: MAR. 20-26, 1983). | 1983 | Sri Lanka; Indonesia | Shoreline Protection | |
Baird, A. V. and N. W. Ross. 1982. Field experiences with floating breakwaters in the eastern United States. US Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Miscellaneous Report. | 1982 | Field Study & Monitoring | Coastal Engineering; Military; Shoreline Protection | |
Barthel, V. 1982. Wave motion in estuary. in [No source information available]. | 1982 | Coastal Engineering; Large Ships; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Dollar, S. J. 1982. Wave stress and coral community structure in Hawaii. Coral Reefs 1:71-81. | 1982 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Kono, T. and S. Tsukayama. 1982. Wave deformation on a barrier reef. TRANS. JAPAN SOC. CIV. ENGRS13:-147. | 1982 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Murray, S. P., S. A. Hsu, H. H. Roberts, E. H. Owens, and R. L. Crout. 1982. Physical processes and sedimentation on a broad, shallow bank. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 14. | 1982 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Nicaragua; Caribbean | Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Wurm, D. 1982. Microfacies, paleontology and palecology of the Dachstein Reef Limestones (Norian) of the Gosaukamm Range, Austria [Mikrofazies, Palaontologie und Palokologie der Dachsteinriffkalke (Nor) des Gosaukammes, Österreich]. Facies 6:203-295. | 1982 | Model; Index or Indicator | Algae; Echinoderms; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Barthel, V. 1981. Wave energy distribution in an estuary. Pages 2340-2359 in IN: PROC. SEVENTEENTH COASTAL ENGNG. CONF., (SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA: MAR.23-28, 1980). | 1981 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Shoreline Protection |
Gerritsen, F. 1981. Wave attenuation and wave set-up on a coastal reef. Look Laboratory, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. | 1981 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Knowlton, N., J. C. Lang, M. Christine Rooney, and P. Clifford. 1981. Evidence for delayed mortality in hurricane-damaged Jamaican staghorn corals. Nature 294:251-252. | 1981 | South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean | Pathogens; Salinity; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Sheppard, C. R. C. 1981. The groove and spur structures of Chagos atolls and their coral zonation. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 12. | 1981 | Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India | Algae; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral | |
Sobey, J. R. and M. G. Mitchell. 1981. Numerical modelling of tropical cyclone storm surge. Pages 725-745 in IN: PROC. SEVENTEENTH COASTAL ENGNG. CONF. (SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA: MAR. 23-28, 1980). | 1981 | Australia | Model | Storms & Hurricanes |
Stephens Jr., J. S. and K. E. Zerba. 1981. Factors affecting fish diversity on a temperate reef. Environmental Biology of Fishes 6:111-121. | 1981 | Fish; Invertebrates; Shoreline Protection | ||
Paul, J. 1980. Upper Permian algal stromatolite reefs, Harz Mountains (F.R. Germany). Pages 253-268 The Zechstein basin with emphasis on carbonate sequences. | 1980 | Europe; Germany | Model | Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Spadoni, RI CH AR D and TH OM AS Campbell. 1980. Coral Reef Protection During Beach Restoration In Florida. Pages 152-159 in Proceedings of SOUTHEASTCON Region 3 Conference. | 1980 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection |
Lee Theodore, T. and P. Black Kerry. 1979. Energy Spectra Of Surf Waves On A Coral Reef. Pages 588-608 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. | 1979 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection | |
Adey, W. H. 1978. Coral reef morphogenesis: A multidimensional model. Science 202:831-837. | 1978 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean | Model | Algae; Coralline Algae; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Greene, RI CH AR D. 1978. Finding Offbeat Uses For Scrap Tires. Chemical Engineering (New York) 85. | 1978 | Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Shoreline Protection | ||
Mushala, H. M. 1978. Coastal processes along Kunduchi beach ( Tamzania). Journal Geographical Association of Tanzania 17:41-73. | 1978 | Tanzania | Review | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection |
Stark, K. P. 1978. Cyclonic storm surges and sea characteristics associated with tropical cyclones. UNIV. OF NORTH BQUEENSLAND, SEP.1978, PAPER E. | 1978 | Model | Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Amin, M. 1977. Investigation of storm surges in the Torres Strait. in [No source information available]. | 1977 | Indian Ocean; India | Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Black, K. P. 1977. LOOK LAB/HAWAII. | 1977 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Shoreline Protection | |
Connor, J. L. and W. H. Adey. 1977. The benthic algal composition, standing crop, and productivity of a caribbean algal ridge. | 1977 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean | Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection | |
DeWall, A. E. and J. J. Richter. 1977. Beach and neashore processes in southeastern Florida. in [No source information available]. | 1977 | Florida; Bahamas | Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Garbe, C. W. 1977. Coast development in the Middle East in general, Saudi Arabia in particular. World dredging & marine construction 12:-18. | 1977 | Middle East; Saudi Arabia | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Leverette, FL OY D. 1977. Stop Beach, Shoreline Erosion Permanently With Concrete Block. Mod Concr 41:36-40. | 1977 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Walton, T. L. 1977. Equilibrium shores and coastal design. in [No source information available]. | 1977 | Florida | Model | Shoreline Protection |
Bottin Jr. Robert, R., E. Chatham Jr. Claude, and D. Carver Robert. 1976. Waianae Small-Boat Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, Design For Wave Protection. US Waterw Exp Stn Tech Rep H-76-8. | 1976 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Model | Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection |
Hamner, W. M. and M. S. Jones. 1976. Distribution, burrowing, and growth rates of the clam Tridacna crocea on interior reef flats - Formation of structures resembling micro atolls. Oecologia 24:207-227. | 1976 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes |
Suhayda, J. N., H. H. Roberts, and S. P. Murray. 1976. Nearshore processes on a fringing reef. in [No source information available]. | 1976 | Field Study & Monitoring | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Taira, K. 1976. A wave-like pattern of holocene crustal warping in eastern Asia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 19:249-254. | 1976 | Taiwan | Shoreline Protection | |
[No author name available]. 1975. Power Plus Proteins From The Sea. Energy Dig 4:21-24. | 1975 | Mauritius; United Kingdom | Aquaculture; Discharges; Shoreline Protection | |
CHATHAM, C. E. 1975. Design Of Agana Small-Boat Harbour, Territory Of Guam: Hydraulic Model Investigation. in [No source information available]. | 1975 | Guam | Model | Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection |
DAMSGAARD, A. and A. F. DINSMORE. 1975. Numerical Simulation Of Storm Surges In Bays. in PROC. 2ND. ANNUAL SYMP. OF WATERWAYS, HARBOURS AND COASTAL ENGNG. DIV. ASCE ON MODELING TECHNIQUES, (MODELING '75 : SAN FRANC. | 1975 | Florida; Australia | Model | Storms & Hurricanes |
Roberts, H. H., S. P. Murray, and J. N. Suhayda. 1975. Physical processes in a fringing reef system. Journal of Marine Research 33:233-260. | 1975 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
[No author name available]. 1974. First offshore runway grows 30,000 cu. yd. daily. ENR (Engineering News-Record) 193:1974. | 1974 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Shoreline Protection | |
Ashworth Joseph, A. 1974. 'Nature'S Cooling Pond' - Thermal Discharges Atlantic Generating Station. Pages 113-129 in [No source information available]. | 1974 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Discharges; Shoreline Protection | |
Beckman, J. A., G. Crane, E. L. Kay, and J. R. Laman. 1974. Scrap tire disposal. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 47:597-624. | 1974 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Petroleum Spills; Shoreline Protection | |
Crosby Leroy, G. 1974. Design Of An Interisland Barge Harbor For The Island Of Tau, American Samoa. Hydraulic Model Investigation. US Waterw Exp Stn Tech Rep H-74-16. | 1974 | Samoa; American Samoa | Model | Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal |
CROSBY, L. G. 1974. Design Of An Inter Island Barge Harbor For The Island Tau, American Samoa; Hydraulic Model Investigation. in [No source information available]. | 1974 | Samoa; American Samoa | Model | Irrigation; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes |
Heinsohn, G. E. and A. V. Spain. 1974. Effects of a tropical cyclone on littoral and sub-littoral biotic communities and on a population of Dugongs (Dugong dugon (Muller)). Biological Conservation 6:143-152. | 1974 | Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
SIEFERT, W. 1974. Critical Travel Distance Of Waves In Shallow Water. in PROC. 14TH ASCE COASTAL ENGNG. CONF. (COPENHAGEN, DENMARK). | 1974 | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Embry III, A. F. and J. E. Klovan. 1972. Absolute water depth limits of late devonian paleoecological zones. Geologische Rundschau 61:672-686. | 1972 | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Tait, R. J. 1972. Wave set-up on coral reefs. Journal of Geophysical Research 77:2207-2211. | 1972 | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | ||
ANON,. 1971. Hemmed in island airport must go to sea to expand. ENR (Engineering News-Record) 187:22-23. | 1971 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Land & Air Transportation; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Ladd, H. S. 1961. Reef Building. Science 134:703-715. | 1961 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Anon,. Colloque International Sur L'Exploitation Des Oceans, 2Nd, 1974, Volume 1: Politiques De Developpement Oceanique, Volume 2: Mise En Valeur Industrielle Des Plateaux Continentaux, Volume 3: Systemes Des Mesures Pour L'Analyse Et La Prevision De L'Environne. in [No source information available]. | Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing | Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Microorganisms; Pipelines; Salinity; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Imrie, J. A. and M. P. Rogers. Boat harbour construction in coral reef flat - Nuku'Alofa, Tonga. Pages 219-222 in IN: SECOND AUSTRALASIAN PORT, HARBOUR & OFFSHORE ENGNG. CONF. 1988, PREPRINT OF PAPERS, (BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA: OCT. 25-27, 198. | Australia; Fiji; Tonga | Finfish Harvest; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats | ||
O'Garra, T. ESTIMATING THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE (TEV) OF THE NAVAKAVU LMMA (Locally Managed Marine Area) in Vitu Levu island (Fiji). Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific. | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Valuation |
Management Options
Management Option | Description | Sources | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Mass Coral Bleaching Events | There are several actions managers can take to prepare for and respond to bleaching events. These strategies typically focus on developing and communicating reliable information about the bleaching event and its impacts, rather than providing a "cure." Developing a Bleaching response plan in advance allows managers to respond more effectively during these rapid onset events. Predicting the risk and severity of bleaching events can allow for more timely yet credible information for decision makers. After the bleaching event it is important to quickly access the ecological impacts for further management decisions. Bleached coral are in a vulnerable state, and are therefore less resilient to degraded water quality, physical damage from recreation, or pressure from fishing activities. This heightened sensitivity means that current protections may need to be increased temporarily following a bleaching event. | Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching. |
Atmospheric Emissions; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Climate Regulation; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures |
Data Management & Decision Tools: Research and Model Causal Linkage Between Pollutants and Ecological Impact | This involves conducting research to identify and document causal linkages between discharge water pollutants and specific, quantifiable ecological problems. The natural environment naturally assimilates some pollutants, but has thresholds for this type of contaminant processing. Different hydrology, biology and spatial/temporal factors are all going to play a roll in the linkage between pollutants and ecological problems, meaning modeling and risk assessment can be beneficial. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Sewage Treatment; Stormwater Management; Sunscreen Use; Supporting Services; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing | The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives | Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). | Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA. |
Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Forestry Policy: Forestry Management Planning | There are many aspects to properly managing forestry sites to reduce point source and non-point source pollutants. Forestry activities can degrade water quality with several types of pollutants and impacts, including: sediment, nutrients, forest chemicals like pesticides, organic debris from tree litter, increased water temperature and increased streamflow. The Forestry management plan and practices include, but are not limited to: pre-harvest planning, road construction and use, prescribed burning and fire management, brush management, timber harvest, regeneration, and application of forest chemicals. Wetlands Forest Management has additional best practices. | Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Biological Harvest; Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Marine Zoning: Develop Baseline Data | Baseline surveys of existing resources need to be conducted before monitoring can begin. The surveys must be conducted in Ecological Reserves, Sanctuary Preservation Areas, and Special-Use Areas to characterize the status of important marine species and their habitats. Establishing baseline data allows for later comparisons to monitoring data to gauge changes over time and revaluate current management actions being taken. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Supporting Services; Wetlands |
Monitor & Research: Adaptive Management | By definition, adaptive management is a structured management approach that links science to decision-making, thereby improving the probability of restoration success. It provides an efficient process to address risk and uncertainty inherent within ecosystem restoration by encouraging flexible plans and designs. Monitoring (#) is an important component of adaptive management. The affect of different restoration alternatives can be seen using monitoring data, and compared against other environmental variables to determine what the best future actions are based on results of previous projects. | CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy. |
Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Public Administration; Regulating Services; Remediation; Scientific Research; Supporting Services |
Monitor & Research: Monitor Water Temperature | Extreme water temperature fluctuations can lead to bleaching and disease in corals and mass mortality of seagrass. Recording thermographs are deployed throughout the sanctuary area to monitor seawater temperatures. Temperatures fluctuate greatly, meaning monitoring should be continued long term, and that historic data must be considered to discern trends. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Atmospheric Emissions; Climate; Climate Regulation; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Sea Temperatures |
Monitor & Research: Water Quality Status and Trends Monitoring | This activity produces long-term, comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of water quality parameters. Parameters that should be measured include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, relative fluorescence, light attenuation, nutrients, chlorophyll, and alkaline phosphatase activity. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Supporting Services; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges |
Monitor & Research: Research and Monitor Wetlands | This management option involves monitoring and research of mangroves, both for biotic and abiotic factors. Some biotic factors include disease, species, invasive species, abundance, age and leaf litter. Important abiotic factors include sedimentation rates, types and causes of turbidity, and soil chemistry. The activity would document changes to the extent of mangrove vegetation by using historical aerial photography and other records. Wetland nutrient and contaminant processing productivity depends on maintaining a balance and not exceeding thresholds. There remain many unknowns in wetland restoration as to optimal capacity and how to achieve this. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; Complex Habitat & Resources; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Primary Production; Regulating Services; Scientific Research; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Monitor & Research: Research Artificial Reef Siting, Size, and Materials Impact for Future Management Decisions | The effects of artificial reefs on fish and invertebrate abundance and community composition and on other sanctuary resources need to be assessed. Siting and size considerations should include spatial components such as nearest natural reef, species connectivity, currents, distance to shore, expected use, hurricane occurances, etc. The longevity of artificial reefs composed of different materials needs to be evaluated and considered heavily. | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Debris; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Water Resources; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Monitor & Research: Research Global Change | This management option involves research to examine the effects of stresses associated with global change on the ecosystem. Stresses can include changes in temperature, hydrology, salinity, frequency and intensity of storms, turbidity, sea level change, and ultra violet and visible radiation. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Monitor & Research: Utilize Managed Areas for Socioeconomic Research | Data are needed to test hypotheses about the socioeconomic impact of marine zoning and user-group perceptions about changes in natural resources within the sanctuary area. User-group perception of changes in natural resources can be compared with quantitative ecological data to identify misconceptions and knowledge gaps. Providing funding opportunities for external scientists to conduct research in the managed area is another option. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Permitting & Zoning; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Valuation |
Restoration: Beach Vegatation Restoration | Natural beaches are often host to important costal dune ecosystems. Due to tourism, much of the vegetation that comprises these dune ecosystems may be compromised. The natural vegetation provides an important ecosystem service, with roots providing deep stabilization against physical damage and removal of that sand. Without such vegetation sand and dunes can be completely washed away during hurricanes and other surge events. The dunes themselves offer some protection to nearby inland infrastructure during these same storm events. When the beach past the dunes is for public access it is beneficial to build raised walk-overs over the dune vegetation. This prevents trampling, which leads to dune blowouts. | Natural Resources Conservation Service, editor. 2007. Native Plants for Coastal Dune Restoration: What, When, and How for Florida. US Department of Agriculture. |
Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Culture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Invasive Species; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Damage; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling |
Restoration: Beach Renourishment and Nourishment | Beaches are subject to natural accretion and erosion. Tourism is often best supported by wide, accessible, public sandy beaches. Beaches can be restored to counteract natural erosion by transporting large quantities of sand onto the beach. This sand often comes from nearby dredging. Caution should be used when restoring long sections of beaches, as often the area above the mean high tide line is littoral, or privately owned, and restoration of these beaches can impact these property rights, see "Stop the Beach Renourishment, Inc. v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (2010) U.S. Supreme Court decision." Beach protection or nourishment offers an alternative to this often expensive and abrupt type of renourishment, nourishment involves practices which encourage coastal accretion and discourage erosional forces. See "Florida's Beach and Shore Preservation Act" for some restrictions on this. | NOAA Coastal Services Center. Beach Nourishment: A Guide for Local Government Officials. Coastal Services Center Accessed 6/17/2011. |
Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Culture; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Recreational Opportunities; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation |
Stormwater BMPs: Sustained Reservoir Minimum Release of Minimum Baseflow to Sustain Aquatic Habitat | In some regions, even high intensity rivers (e.g. Rio Loco, Puerto Rico) are seasonal, drying for long enough to kill aquatic vegetation. Creating a constant baseflow would help sustain aquatic life and ultimately help to process nutrients. High intensity rivers are already prone to extreme channel erosion from the high flow rates, this erosion is even greater without any benthic biota to hold sediment on the river bottom. Restricting the release of reservoir water to that required to maintain aquatic biota would reduce the intensity of flow, stabilize the river bottom, create habitat and naturally process nutrients that could potentially contribute to eutrophication out on the coral reef. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Algae; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Transportation Policy: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards | The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAF�) standards is to reduce fuel consumption by increasing the fuel economy of cars and light trucks. NHTSA sets fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the US while EPA calculates the average fuel economy for each manufacturer. Since the standard only dictates the average fuel economy, manufacturers can sell vehicles with higher or lower fuel economy than the standard. | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE). Accessed 8/11/2011. |
Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Industry; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies |
Transportation Policy: Airline Carbon Policy | Civil aviation is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and this contribution has grown as the industry has grown. Some regions are implementing policies such as cap and trade that apply to the airline industry. | Bruce Duguid. 2009. Fasten Your Seat Belt: Airlines and cap-and-trade. CTC764, Carbon Trust, United Kingdom. |
Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies |
Waterway Management: Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure | Canal and irrigation infrastructure typically includes concrete structures to control the flow of water. These low head dams, bulkheads, concrete footers, and other structures act as constricting forces in channels. This constriction leads to debris becoming lodged and thus changing the erosive forces. In turn, banks become destabilized. Channel erosion then increases along with bed scour and sediment transport. Removing these structures and making banks more gradual has the added benefit of allowing for riparian vegetation to be planted, which acts as a natural buffer. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Manage Canal Water Quality | This management option addresses water quality issues that may arise from nearshore, confined areas, specifically dead-end canals. This management response does not focus on wastewater discharges into canals, but instead on the hydrologic structure and orientation of the canal itself. Physical problems with canal orientation can lead to such problems as low flushing and build-up of weed wrack. This is a problem because the build-up of weed wrack consumes oxygen and releases nutrients as it decays. When combined with low flushing and circulation, dead end canals have decreased oxygen concentrations, accelerated eutrophication, and accumulate organic materials, pollutants and sediment. To improve the current canal system, management can inventory and map canals to identify high risk hotspots and candidates for future canal restoration projects. Canals are typically constructed to best suit the water access needs of local homes and businesses. Preventing high risk canals from being constructed, or placing certain requirements on their construction through permitting is one way to reduce future problem spots. Some design strategies include: Construct non-linear canals without right-angles and flared inlets oriented to prevailing winds. Instead of dead-ends, canals should include a flow through water exchange system or install mechanical pumps. Canals should be as wide as possible in relation to depth and length. Canal depth should be uniform or progressively shallower away from the parent waterbody, with sloping banks (eliminate requirements for navigable depths to shoreline). Some canal improvement strategies include: Implement weed gates, air curtains, and aeration systems. Direct all stormwater and effluent away from canal systems. Reduce bulkheading and restore native vegetative buffers (#1). Promote diversity of substrates and habitats. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Laws
Legal Citation | Purpose of Law | Management Organization | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Chapter 3: Trees and vegetation next to waterways, 12 Virgin Islands Code. | Establishes buffer zone for protecting natural watercourses from vegetation clearing. The buffer zone either 30 feet from the center of the natural watercourse, or 25 feet from its edge, whichever is greater. Application to Coral Reefs:Assists in erosion control and can protect reefs from harmful sedimentation, if the stream or river sediment is capable of reaching the coral reef. Vegetation along river and stream banks will remove nutrients and assist in preventing eutrophocation of waters that can reach coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Enforcement is by conservation officers with assistance from local police when required. Penalties are fines of not more than $100, or 180 days in jail, or both Comments:Permits can be obtained if the purpose of clearing is for development. |
US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US Virgin Islands |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management; Shoreline Protection; Wetlands |
Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code §§ 7400 et seq. | To ensure Americans have clean air to breath, and to protect the environment from air pollution. Regulates air emmissions from area, stationary and mobile sources. Charges federal land managers with direct responsibility to protect the "air quality and related values" of land under their control. The "related values" include fish and widlife and their habitats. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibility for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer. Application to Coral Reefs:The Act would decrease carbon dioxide emissions from sources in the United States, thereby making a contribution toward reducing ocean acidification, which is one of the problems contributing to coral reef decline. Legislative Actions:Response will differ from State to State because many Sates have been delegated to administer the Clean Air Act. However, States cannot have air quality standards less stringent then the federal standards. State air pollution agencies hold permit hearings and fines industries that violate air quality limits. States must develop state implementation plans that require approval by EPA. Comments:The 1990 amendments authorized the Acid Deposition Control Program, a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, established permit program requirements, expanded and modified the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and expanded and modified enforcement authority. |
United States Environmntal Protection Agency Jurisdiction: United States |
Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Transportation Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Conceptual Agency Review, 62-029 Florida Administrative Code. | This chapter is limited in application to dredge and fill permit applications for projects in the geographical territory of the Northwest Florida Water Management District which, pursuant to Section 373.4145, F.S., are to be reviewed and processed under the rules authorized and adopted under Sections 403.91-.929, F.S. (1984 Supp.), as amended.
(1) The purpose of this rule is to establish those procedures applicable to review of requests for conceptual agency review pursuant to Section 380.06(9), F.S., for projects that undergo development of regional impact review (DRIs).
(2) Conceptual agency review is a licensing action and approval or denial shall constitute final agency action.
(3) Under this rule, applicants who must obtain construction or operation permits for potential sources of water pollution or for dredging and filling activities may apply for conceptual agency review of certain aspects of a proposed development, including the location, densities, intensity of use, character and major design features. Application to Coral Reefs:Limited to projects in Northwest Florida. Legislative Actions:The legislation applies only to dredge and fill projects in the area of the Northwest Florida Water Mkanagement District. Comments:The purpose of this rule is to establish those procedures for dredge and fill permit applications for projects in the geographical territory of the Northwest Florida Water Management District that require conceptual agency review of certain aspects of a proposed development, including the location, densities, intensity of use, character and major design features. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Electric Power Siting, 62-017 Florida Administrative Code. | 62-17.011 General.
(1) The purpose of Part I is to implement the provisions of the Florida Electrical Power Plant Siting Act, Sections 403.501 - 403.518, F.S., as amended.
(2) The department promulgates Part I pursuant to the charge of the legislature to provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state.
(3) This Part addresses applications for certification of:
(a) A new site for a steam or solar electrical power plant;
(b) The construction and operation of additional steam or solar electrical generating units to be located at sites which have been previously certified for an ultimate site capacity; and
(c) An existing power plant site which had or had applied for permits prior to the effective date of the Act.
Specific Authority 403.504(1), 403.517(1)(a), FS. Law Implemented 403.504(2)(3)(5), 403.517, 403.5175, FS. History - New 5-7-74, Amended 12-27-77, Formerly 17-17.01, Amended 5-9-83, Formerly 17-17.011, Amended 2-1-99. Application to Coral Reefs: To provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state. (3) This Part addresses applications for certification of: (a) A new site for a steam or solar electrical power plant; Legislative Actions: Comments:To provide efficient, centralized review of the needs for increased electrical power generation and the effects of generation-related activities on human health and the environment and ecology of the lands and waters within the state. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Building & Home Construction; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; Energy Policy & Development; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Point & Mobile Source Controls |
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Final Rule, Code of Federal Regulations § Parts 922, 929, 937 (1997). | NOAA developed the comprehensive Final Management Plan for the FKNMS and issued the Plan on January 30, 1997. Congress and the Governer of Florida were provided a 45-day period to provide certification of unacceptable regulations that needed amendments. NOAA incorporated the certified changes provided and issued the final regulations and management plan for the Sanctuary that went into effect with the publication of the final rule, including waters within the State of Florida in the Sanctuary. Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the third largest barrier coral reef in the world. Included in the FKNMS are the Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 square nautical miles of coral reefs. The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive. The Act protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, further protecting coral, mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation. Legislative Actions:The Act requires the preparation of a comprehensive management plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources. Comments:The final rule codifies the Act and further defines boundaries of the Sanctuary as well as providing a list of species protected in the Sanctuary. |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration Jurisdiction: US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Ballast Discharge; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Protections; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Large Ships; Live Collection; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands |
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction, 62-285 Florida Administrative Code. | Florida LEV Program. The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) adopts this rule to establish a Florida low emission vehicle (LEV) program that implements California motor vehicle emission standards pursuant to s. 177 of the Clean Air Act. This rule refers to many sections of chapter 1, division 3, title 13 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), adopted and incorporated by reference at subsection 62-285.400(9), F.A.C. This rule also includes provisions specific to implementation in Florida. Application to Coral Reefs:Reducing greenhouse gases will contibute to a decrease in ocean acidification. Legislative Actions: Comments:To protect air quality, this rule applies to any heavy-duty diesel engine powered motor vehicle. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies |
Joint Coastal Permits and Concurrent Processing of Proprietary Authorizations, 62B-049 Florida Administrative Code. | This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. In the event that there is a conflict between the procedural requirements of this chapter and other procedural rules promulgated pursuant to the referenced statutes, then this chapter shall govern. The standards and criteria for issuance of joint coastal permits include the criteria for environmental resource or wetland resource permits pursuant to Chapter 62-312, F.A.C., and the rules adopted under Chapter 62-330, F.A.C., the coastal construction criteria pursuant to Chapter 62B-41, F.A.C., and any specific criteria for issuance of a joint coastal permit listed in this chapter. The criteria for the associated proprietary authorizations are found in Chapters 18-18, 18-20, 18-21, F.A.C.
Specific Authority 161.055, 373.427 FS. Law Implemented 161.041, 161.055, 373.427 FS. History�New 10-12-95, Amended 2-19-98, 5-17-07. Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring a permit with regulatory review of the construction project, in a joint review of wetland and submerged land issues, will assist in minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts from the work and such potential detrimental portions of the project (e.g. sedimentation) will not enter the marine environment resulting in ecosystem damage. Legislative Actions: Comments:This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection |
Mangrove Trimming and Preservation Act, 403.9321-403.9333 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). | It is the intent of the Legislature to protect and preserve mangrove resources valuable to our environmentand economy from unregulated removal, defoliation, and destruction. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and preservation of wetland systems, including mangroves, allow the systems to act as buffers to remove nutrients and sediment that could reach coral reefs and cause damage. Legislative Actions:Permits are required prior to any trimming. A Professional Mangrove Trimmer must be present when work is being performed. Penalties can include restoration and/or mitigation. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Non-Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Test Procedures, 62-242 Florida Administrative Code. | (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter pursuant to the Florida Clean Outdoor Air Law, Section
325.201, F.S., and in order to provide the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles with the necessary rules, standards,
and criteria to administer the Florida Motor Vehicle Inspection Program.
(2) The Legislature has directed that in order to implement the Motor Vehicle Inspection Program, the Department of
Environmental Protection will set the standards and criteria listed below.
(a) Designation of program area (Section 325.204, F.S.).
(b) Emissions testing and inspection procedures (Section 325.206, F.S.).
(c) Inspection pass/fail criteria (Section 325.206, F.S.).
(d) Test equipment performance specifications (Sections 325.206, .212, and .213, F.S.).
(e) Definition of low emission adjustment (Section 325.209, F.S.).
(f) Inspection personnel training criteria (Section 325.213(1)(d), F.S.).
(3) The Department has set the vehicle in-use emission standards at levels that are achievable with proper operation and
maintenance of the various model year vehicles, if they have not been tampered with, and which will result in a significant reduction
in ozone-causing air pollutant emissions from automobiles and light duty trucks. It is the Department�s intent that eligibility for
emission control system performance warranty repairs of these vehicles be protected by reference to 40 CFR 85.2201 (Subpart W) �
Emission Control System Performance Warranty Short Tests.
(4) This chapter, and the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles rules it references, are intended as an integral part
of the Department�s program to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and
particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust. Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation and stanards for air emissions will contribute to lower greenhouse gasses and assist in combating ocean acidification. Legislative Actions: Comments: |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Transportation Policies |
Requirements for Sources Subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program, 62-214 Florida Administrative Code. | This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72. Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at either 40 CFR 72.2 or 76.2 or Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. The provisions of 40 CFR Parts 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 referenced in this rule are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C. Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling toxic air emissions will contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gasses and assist in reducing ocean acidification. Legislative Actions: Comments:This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 CFR. Part 72. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Atmospheric Emissions; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Ocean Acidity |
Rules and Procedures for Coastal Construction and Excavation, 62B-033 Florida Administrative Code (2008). | (1) The beach and dune system is an integral part of the coastal system and represents one of the most valuable natural resources in Florida, providing protection to adjacent upland properties, recreational areas, and habitat for wildlife. A coastal construction control line (CCCL) is intended to define that portion of the beach and dune system which is subject to severe fluctuations caused by a 100-year storm surge, storm waves, or other forces such as wind, wave, or water level changes. These fluctuations are a necessary part of the natural functioning of the coastal system and are essential to post-storm recovery, long term stability, and the preservation of the beach and dune system. However, imprudent human activities can adversely interfere with these natural processes and alter the integrity and functioning of the beach and dune system. The control line and 50-foot setback call attention to the special hazards and impacts associated with the use of such property, but do not preclude all development or alteration of coastal property seaward of such lines.
(2) In order to demonstrate that construction is eligible for a permit, the applicant shall provide the Department with sufficient information pertaining to the proposed project to show that adverse and other impacts associated with the construction have been minimized and that the construction will not result in a significant adverse impact.
(3) After reviewing all information required pursuant to this rule chapter, the Department shall:
(a) Deny any application for an activity which either individually or cumulatively would result in a significant adverse impact including potential cumulative effects. In assessing the cumulative effects of a proposed activity, the Department shall consider the short-term and long-term impacts and the direct and indirect impacts the activity would cause in combination with existing structures in the area and any other similar activities already permitted or for which a permit application is pending within the same fixed coastal cell. The impact assessment shall include the anticipated effects of the construction on the coastal system and marine turtles. Each application shall be evaluated on its own merits in making a permit decision; therefore, a decision by the Department to grant a permit shall not constitute a commitment to permit additional similar construction within the same fixed coastal cell.
(b) Deny any application for an activity where the project has not met the Department�s siting and design criteria; has not minimized adverse and other impacts, including stormwater runoff; or has not provided mitigation of adverse impacts.
(4) The Department shall issue a permit for construction which an applicant has shown to be clearly justified by demonstrating that all standards, guidelines, and other requirements set forth in the applicable provisions of Part I, Chapter 161, F.S., and this rule chapter are met, including the following:
(a) The construction will not result in removal or destruction of native vegetation which will either destabilize a frontal, primary, or significant dune or cause a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system due to increased erosion by wind or water;
(b) The construction will not result in removal or disturbance of in situ sandy soils of the beach and dune system to such a degree that a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system would result from either reducing the existing ability of the system to resist erosion during a storm or lowering existing levels of storm protection to upland properties and structures;
(c) The construction will not direct discharges of water or other fluids in a seaward direction and in a manner that would result in significant adverse impacts. Forthe purposes of this rule section, construction shall be designed so as to minimize erosion induced surface water runoff within the beach and dune system and to prevent additional seaward or off-site discharges associated with a coastal storm event.
(d) The construction will not result in the net excavation of the in situ sandy soils seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback;
(e) The construction will not cause an increase in structure-induced scour of such magnitude during a storm that the structure-induced scour would result in a significant adverse impact;
(f) The construction will minimize the potential for wind and waterborne missiles during a storm;
(g) The activity will not interfere with public access, as defined in Section 161.021, F.S.; and
(h) The construction will not cause a significant adverse impact to marine turtles, or the coastal system.
(5) In order for a manmade frontal dune to be considered as a frontal dune defined under Section 161.053(6)(a)1., F.S., the manmade frontal dune shall be constructed to meet or exceed the protective value afforded by the natural frontal dune system in the immediate area of the subject shoreline. Prior to the issuance of a permit for a single-family dwelling meeting the criteria of Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., the manmade frontal dune must be maintained for a minimum of 12 months and be demonstrated to be as stable and sustainable as the natural frontal dune system.
(6) Sandy material excavated seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback shall be maintained on site seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback and be placed in the immediate area of construction unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Department.
(7) Swimming pools, wading pools, waterfalls, spas, or similar type water structures are expendable structures and shall be sited so that their failure does not have adverse impact on the beach and dune system, any adjoining major structures, or any coastal protection structure. Pools sited within close proximity to a significant dune shall be elevated either partially or totally above the original grade to minimize excavation and shall not cause a net loss of material from the immediate area of the pool. All pools shall be designed to minimize any permanent excavation seaward of the CCCL.
(8) Major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the beach and frontal dune to permit natural shoreline fluctuations, to preserve and protect beach and dune system stability, and to allow natural recovery to occur following storm-induced erosion. Where a rigid coastal structure exists, proposed major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the rigid coastal structure to allow for future maintenance or repair of the rigid coastal structure. Although fishing piers shall be exempt from this provision, their foundation piles shall be located so as to allow for the maintenance and repair of any rigid coastal structure that is located in close proximity to the pier.(9) If in the immediate area a number of existing major structures have established a reasonably continuous and uniform construction line and if the existing structures have not been unduly affected by erosion, except where not allowed by the requirements of Section 161.053(6), F.S., and this rule chapter, the Department shall issue a permit for the construction of a similar structure up to that line.
(10) In considering applications for single-family dwellings proposed to be located seaward of the 30-year erosion projection pursuant to Section 161.053(6), F.S., the Department shall require structures to meet criteria in Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., and all other siting and design criteria established in this rule chapter.
(11) In considering project impacts to native salt-tolerant vegetation, the Department shall evaluate the type and extent of native salt-tolerant vegetation, the degree and extent of disturbance by invasive nuisance species and mechanical and other activities, the protective value to adjacent structures and natural plant communities, the protective value to the beach and dune system, and the impacts to marine turtle nesting and hatchlings. The Department shall restrict activities that lower the protective value of natural and intact beach and dune, coastal strand, and maritime hammock plant communities. Activities that result in the removal of protective root systems or reduce the vegetation�s sand trapping and stabilizing properties of salt tolerant vegetation are considered to lower its protective value. Construction shall be located, where practicable, in previously disturbed areas or areas with non-native vegetation in lieu of areas of native plant communities when the placement does not increase adverse impact to the beach and dune system. Planting of invasive nuisance plants, such as those listed in the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council�s 2005 List of Invasive Species � Categories I and II, will not be authorized if the planting will result in removal or destruction of existing dune-stabilizing native vegetation or if the planting is to occur on or seaward of the dune system. A copy of this list is available on the Internet at www.fleppc.org; or can be obtained by writing to the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Mail Station 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000; or by telephoning (850) 488-7708. Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction and the remediation of construction impacts shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect native salt-tolerant vegetation and native plant communities. A construction fence, a designated location for construction access or storage of equipment and materials, and a restoration plan shall be required if necessary for protection of existing native salt-tolerant vegetation during construction.
(12) Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. In marine turtle nesting areas, all forms of lighting shall be shielded or otherwise designed so as not to disturb marine turtles. Tinted glass or similar light control measures shall be used for windows and doors which are visible from the nesting areas of the beach. The Department shall suspend any permitted construction when the permittee has not provided the required protection for marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation of coastal construction through permit review and modification will protect coastal ecosystems from degradation and loss and in doing so protects other marine ecosystems including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Chapter 62B-33 Florida Administrative Code, provides the design and siting requirements that must be met to obtain a coastal construction control line permit.Approval or denial of a permit application is based upon a review of the potential impacts to the beach dune system, adjacentproperties, native salt resistant vegetation, and marine turtles. Comments:The Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) is an essential element of Florida's coastal management program. It provides protection for Florida's beaches and dunes while assuring reasonable use of private property. Recognizing the value of the state's beaches, the Florida legislature initiated the Coastal Construction Contorl Line Program to protect the coastal system from improperly sited and designed structures which can destabilize or destroy the beach and dune system. Once destabilized, the valuable natural resources are lost, as are its important values for recreation, upland property protection and environmental habitat. Adoption of a coastal construction line establishes an area of jurisdiction in which special siting and design criteria are applied for construction and related activities.These standards may be more stringent than those already applied in the rest of the coastal building zone because of the greater forces expected to occur in the more seaward zone of the beach during a storm event. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Beach & Land Formation; Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Cruise Ships; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Significant amendments to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 include (1) Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990, (2) Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000, (3) Coastal Barriers Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005,. | (1) Added additional areas along the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys and the Virgin Islands and established "Otherwise Protected Areas OPAs); (2) amended the guidelines for making recommendations regarding additions to the CBRS and reqired a pilot digital mapping project; (3) reauthorized CBRA and required the submission of the final digital mapping pilot project. Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Restricted most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance. Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals |
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Forestry; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection |
Sovereign submerged lands management, 18-21 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). | To manage, protect, and enhance sovereignty lands so that the public may continue to enjoy traditional uses, including, but not limited to, navigation, fishing and swimming, public drinking water supply, shellfish harvesting, public recreation, and fish and wildlife propagation and management. Application to Coral Reefs:Permitting activities on submerged lands owned by Florida will improve water quality which will indirectly protect reef systems. Legislative Actions:These rules are to implement the administration and management responsibilities of the board and department regarding sovereign submerged lands. Responsibility for environmental permitting of activities and water quality protection on sovereign lands is vested with the Department of Environmental Protection. These rules are considered cumulative. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fisheries; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Energy Policy & Development; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Stationary Sources - Emission Standards, 62-296 Florida Administrative Code. | (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish emission limiting standards and compliance requirements for stationary sources of air pollutant emissions.
(2) The chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. Where work practice standards, including requirements for specific types of pollution control equipment, are provided for in this chapter, such standards shall be of the same force and effect as emission limiting standards. The emission limiting and work practice standards of Rule 62-296.320, F.A.C., and Rules 62-296.401 through 62-296.480, F.A.C., are applicable statewide. The reasonably available control technology requirements are established for specific areas of the state as set forth in Rules 62-296.500, 62-296.600, and 62-296.700, F.A.C.
(3) A facility or emissions unit subject to any standard or requirement of 40 CFR. Part 60, 61, 63 or 65, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall comply with such standard or requirement. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve a facility or emissions unit from complying with such standard or requirement, provided, however, that where a facility or emissions unit is subject to a standard established in this chapter, such standard shall also apply.
(4) Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling air emission pollutants can assist in controlling ocean acid acidification and the damaging effect of ocean water acidification on coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments:To protect air quality, the chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate Regulation; CO2; Corporate Responses; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients |
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act, Public Law 101-605 (H.R. 5909 United States Code (1990). | To protect the resources of the area delineated in section 5(b) of the Act, to educate and interpret for the public regarding the Florida Keys marine environment, and to manage such human uses of the Sanctuary consistent with the Act. Nothing in the Act is intended to restrict activities that do not cause adverse effects to the resources or property of the Sanctuary or that do not pose harm to the users of the Sanctuary. Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the thrid largest coral reef barrier in the world. Included in the FKNMS are Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 squared nautical miles of coral reefs.The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive in the Sanctuary. From Miami to the Marquesas Keys there are over 6000 patch reefs. The Act also protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, futher protecting mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation. Legislative Actions:The Act required the preparation of a comprehensive mangement plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources. Comments:Large vessel groundings on coral reefs in the Florida Keys was a major driver for the designation of the Sanctuary. In 1989, there were three groundings of large commercial vessels on the coral reef tract within an eighteen day period. |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as lead agency and Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, and Monroe County as Co-Trustees Jurisdiction: US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Transportation |