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ReefLink Database

Pressures

Pressures

Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. They include Landscape Changes resulting from alterations of the natural landscape, Discharges of pollutants, and Contact Uses that directly remove, damage, or add to the reef ecosystem.

CMap

Applied chemicals are chemicals applied to lands, vehicles, buildings, or during manufacturing for a variety of purposes, including maintaining pests, improving soil quality, or cleaning surfaces. Atmospheric Emissions include discharges of atmospheric pollutants, including mercury, greenhouse gases, nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, and volatile organic compounds from the operation of factories, vehicles, and other sources. Biological Addition refers to anthropogenic inputs of a biological nature into the reef ecosystem, including artificial habitat, domestic animal waste, supplemental feeding, and escape or release of non-native species. Biological Harvest is the collection of living things from the ecosystem for recreation, consumption, or sale of marine products. Coastal Development is the construction of infrastructure, buildings, homes, and roads in coastal communities. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Deforestation and Devegetation are the removal of trees and plants, including clear-cutting, to provide clear land for farms, roads, homes, buildings, and other infrastructure. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ditching & Soil Disturbance pertains to large-scale changes to the terrestrial landscape through channeling for irrigation, grading for roads & construction, and mining which disrupt and dislodge soil and can lead to sediment runoff into the watershed. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Impervious surfaces are surfaces, such as asphalt roads and concrete sidewalks. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Littering is a type of pollution that occurs when garbage, including plastics, paper, and metal, are not disposed of properly and can enter coastal waters. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Physical Damage to reef habitat and wetlands can occur from vessel groundings, dredging, trampling, boat movement, anchor drops, trawling, and fishing gear. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Shoreline armoring is the construction of bulkheads, seawalls, riprap or any other structure used to harden a shoreline against erosion. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Waterborne discharges include direct and indirect discharges of pollutants into the aquatic environment, including chemicals, nutrients, sediment, and pathogens.

CMap Description

Socio-economic drivers generate human activities that create pressures on the environment. Discharges of pollutants alter the physical & chemical environment, while contact uses can directly affect the survival, growth, & reproduction of reef life. Landscape changes can cause physical damage or alter the rates and distribution of discharges. Changes in the quality and functioning of the reef ecosystem have an impact on the provision of ecosystem services, which directly or indirectly benefit socio-economic drivers. Often the drivers that benefit from the ecosystem are the same drivers that exert pressures on the ecosystem. Humans make decisions in response to the impacts on ecosystem services or their perceived value. Responses may seek to control pressures through regulations or technology that limit human activities or attempt to modify human behavior.

Citations

More than 2000 citations. Sorting and filtering have been disabled. Choose a more specific topic to narrow number of citations.

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Waite, R., E. Cooper, N. Zenny, and L. Burke. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Value of Jamaica�s Coral Reef-Related Fisheries. Working Paper, World Resources Institute and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D. C. (USA). 2011 Global; Jamaica Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Peng, SE; Chen, WNU; Chen, HK; Lu, CY; Mayfield, AB; Fang, LS; Chen, CS. 2011. Lipid bodies in coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis: Proteomic and ultrastructural studies. Proteomics 11:3540-3555. 2011 Cleaner & Solvent Use; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Dick, DM; Hines, EM. 2011. Using distance sampling techniques to estimate bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) abundance at Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Marine Mammal Science 27:606-621. 2011 South & Central America; Belize Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Ports & Harbors; Whales & Dolphins
Haanes, H; Gulliksen, B. 2011. A high local species richness and biodiversity within high-latitude calcareous aggregates of tube-building polychaetes. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:793-806. 2011 Norway Artificial Habitat; Marine Worms; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sarmento, VC; Barreto, AFS; Santos, PJP. 2011. The response of meiofauna to human trampling on coral reefs. Scientia Marina 75:559-570. 2011 Algae; Marine Worms; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Isozaki, Y; Aljinovic, D; Kawahata, H. 2011. The Guadalupian (Permian) Kamura event in European Tethys. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 308:12-21. 2011 Global; Japan; China; Europe Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kolasinski, J; Rogers, K; Cuet, P; Barry, B; Frouin, P. 2011. Sources of particulate organic matter at the ecosystem scale: a stable isotope and trace element study in a tropical coral reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 443:77-93. 2011 Reunion; India Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nishihara, GN; Terada, R; Shimabukuro, H. 2011. Effects of wave energy on the residence times of a fluorescent tracer in the canopy of the intertidal marine macroalgae, Sargassum fusiforme (Phaeophyceae). Phycological Research 59:24-33. 2011 Model Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Shoreline Protection
Yeager, LA; Layman, CA; Allgeier, JE. 2011. Effects of habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales on fish community assembly. Oecologia 167:157-168. 2011 Bahamas Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses
Anthony, KRN; Maynard, JA; Diaz-Pulido, G; Mumby, PJ; Marshall, PA; Cao, L; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience. Global Change Biology 17:1798-1808. 2011 Global Model Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Mercier, A; Hamel, JF. 2011. Contrasting reproductive strategies in three deep-sea octocorals from eastern Canada: Primnoa resedaeformis, Keratoisis ornata, and Anthomastus grandiflorus. Coral Reefs 30:337-350. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Sutherland, K. P., S. Shaban, J. L. Joyner, J. W. Porter, and E. K. Lipp. 2011. Human Pathogen Shown to Cause Disease in the Threatened Eklhorn Coral Acropora palmata. PLoS One 6:1-7. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Pathogens; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Whitall, D. R., B. M. Costa, L. J. Bauer, A. Dieppa, and S. D. Hile, editors. 2011. A Baseline Assessment of the Ecological Resources of Jobos Bay, Puerto Rico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 133, NOAA, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2011 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Videler, JJ. 2011. An opinion paper: emphasis on white muscle development and growth to improve farmed fish flesh quality. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 37:337-343. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest
Mouillot, D; Albouy, C; Guilhaumon, F; Lasram, FBR; Coll, M; Devictor, V; Meynard, CN; Pauly, D; Tomasini, JA; Troussellier, M; Velez, L; Watson, R; Douzery, EJP; Mouquet, N. 2011. Protected and Threatened Components of Fish Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Current Biology 21:1044-1050. 2011 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Shester, GG; Micheli, F. 2011. Conservation challenges for small-scale fisheries: Bycatch and habitat impacts of traps and gillnets. Biological Conservation 144:1673-1681. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Hamilton, RJ; Potuku, T; Montambault, JR. 2011. Community-based conservation results in the recovery of reef fish spawning aggregations in the Coral Triangle. Biological Conservation 144:1850-1858. 2011 Micronesia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Sweeney, AM; Boch, CA; Johnsen, S; Morse, DE. 2011. Twilight spectral dynamics and the coral reef invertebrate spawning response. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:770-777. 2011 Hydrocoral; Light; Sponges; Stony Coral
McClanahan, TR; Huntington, BE; Cokos, B. 2011. Coral responses to macroalgal reduction and fisheries closure on Caribbean patch reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 437:89-102. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral
Edgar, GJ; Banks, SA; Bessudo, S; Cortes, J; Guzman, HM; Henderson, S; Martinez, C; Rivera, F; Soler, G; Ruiz, D; Zapata, FA. 2011. Variation in reef fish and invertebrate communities with level of protection from fishing across the Eastern Tropical Pacific seascape. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20:730-743. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica; Panama Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
McClanahan, TR. 2011. Human and coral reef use interactions: From impacts to solutions? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 408:3-10. 2011 Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas
McClanahan, TR. 2011. Coral reef fish communities in management systems with unregulated fishing and small fisheries closures compared with lightly fished reefs - Maldives vs. Kenya. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:186-198. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Kenya; Maldives; India Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mangelsdorf, K; Zink, KG; di Primio, R; Horsfield, B. 2011. Microbial lipid markers within and adjacent to Challenger Mound in the Belgica carbonate mound province, Porcupine Basin, offshore Ireland (IODP Expedition 307). Marine Geology 282:91-101. 2011 Sediment; Substrate
Vijayanand, P; Anbalagan, T; Saravanan, R; Ammaiappan, V; Rajagopal, S. 2011. Diversity Of Wrasse Species Along Gulf Of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (South East Coast Of India). Thalassas 27:57-66. 2011 India Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Planktivorous Fish
Jayaraju, N; Reddy, BCSR; Reddy, KR. 2011. Anthropogenic impact on Andaman coast monitoring with benthic foraminifera, Andaman Sea, India. Environmental Earth Sciences 62:821-829. 2011 India Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Mumby, PJ; Harborne, AR; Brumbaugh, DR. 2011. Grouper as a Natural Biocontrol of Invasive Lionfish. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Ruttenberg, BI; Hamilton, SL; Walsh, SM; Donovan, MK; Friedlander, A; DeMartini, E; Sala, E; Sandin, SA. 2011. Predator-Induced Demographic Shifts in Coral Reef Fish Assemblages. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, TR; Hicks, CC. 2011. Changes in life history and ecological characteristics of coral reef fish catch composition with increasing fishery management. Fisheries Management and Ecology 18:50-60. 2011 Kenya Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Anthony, K. R. N., J. A. Maynard, G. Diaz-Pulido, P. J. Mumby, P. A. Marshall, L. Coa, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2011. Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience. Global Change Biology doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02364.x. 2011 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Nanola, CL; Alino, PM; Carpenter, KE. 2011. Exploitation-related reef fish species richness depletion in the epicenter of marine biodiversity. Environmental Biology of Fishes 90:405-420. 2011 Philippines Aquarium & Pet Trade; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Liu, Y; Peng, ZC; Wei, GJ; Chen, TG; Sun, WD; He, JF; Liu, GJ; Chou, CL; Shen, CC. 2011. Interannual variation of rare earth element abundances in corals from northern coast of the South China Sea and its relation with sea-level change and human activities. Marine Environmental Research 71:62-69. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; China Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tyler, EHM; Manica, A; Jiddawi, N; Speight, MR. 2011. A role for partially protected areas on coral reefs: maintaining fish diversity? Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:231-238. 2011 Tanzania Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McClanahan, TR; Muthiga, NA; Coleman, RA. 2011. Testing for top-down control: can post-disturbance fisheries closures reverse algal dominance? Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 21:658-675. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Arroyo, AM; Naim, SM; Hidalgo, JZ. 2011. Vulnerability to climate change of marine and coastal fisheries in Mexico. Atmosfera 24:103-123. 2011 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Model Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mitigation; Physical Variables; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Farmer, BM; Wilson, SK. 2011. Diet of finfish targeted by fishers in North West Australia and the implications for trophic cascades. Environmental Biology of Fishes 91:71-85. 2011 Australia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Downs, CA; Woodley, CM; Fauth, JE; Knutson, S; Burtscher, MM; May, LA; Avadanei, AR; Higgins, JL; Ostrander, GK. 2011. A survey of environmental pollutants and cellular-stress markers of Porites astreoides at six sites in St. John, US Virgin Islands. Ecotoxicology 20:1914-1931. 2011 Global; Florida; US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Melbourne-Thomas, J., C. R. Johnson, T. Fung, R. M. Seymour, L. M. Cherubin, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, and E. A. Fulton. 2011. Regional-scale scenario modeling for coral reefs: a decision support tool to inform management of a complex system. Ecological Applications 21:1380-1398. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Physical Damage; Storms & Hurricanes
Denis, V; Debreuil, J; De Palmas, S; Richard, J; Guillaume, MMM; Bruggemann, JH. 2011. Lesion regeneration capacities in populations of the massive coral Porites lutea at Reunion Island: environmental correlates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 428:105-117. 2011 Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Drupp, P; De Carlo, EH; Mackenzie, FT; Bienfang, P; Sabine, CL. 2011. Nutrient Inputs, Phytoplankton Response, and CO(2) Variations in a Semi-Enclosed Subtropical Embayment, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Aquatic Geochemistry 17:473-498. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nisola, GM; Redillas, MCFR; Cho, E; Han, M; Yoo, N; Chung, WJ. 2011. Comparison of reactive porous media for sulfur-oxidizing denitrification of high nitrate strength wastewater. Biochemical Engineering Journal 79-86. 2011 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Wastewater Discharge
Lesser, MP; Slattery, M. 2011. Phase shift to algal dominated communities at mesophotic depths associated with lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion on a Bahamian coral reef. Biological Invasions 13:1855-1868. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Caribbean Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes
Miller, KJ; Rowden, AA; Williams, A; Haussermann, V. 2011. Out of Their Depth? Isolated Deep Populations of the Cosmopolitan Coral Desmophyllum dianthus May Be Highly Vulnerable to Environmental Change. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Negri, AP; Hoogenboom, MO. 2011. Water Contamination Reduces the Tolerance of Coral Larvae to Thermal Stress. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global Model Climate; Mitigation; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Barbour, AB; Allen, MS; Frazer, TK; Sherman, KD. 2011. Evaluating the Potential Efficacy of Invasive Lionfish (Pterois volitans) Removals. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invasive Species; Mangroves
Engle, V. D. 2011. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services by Gulf of Mexico coastal wetlands. Wetlands DOI10.1007/s13157-010-0132-9. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Review Carbon Storage & Cycling; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Elfman, L; Tooke, NE; Patring, JDM. 2011. Detection of pesticides used in rice cultivation in streams on the island of Leyte in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management 101:81-87. 2011 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Connell, SD; Russell, BD; Irving, AD. 2011. Can strong consumer and producer effects be reconciled to better forecast 'catastrophic' phase-shifts in marine ecosystems? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 400:296-301. 2011 Global Model Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zintzen, V; Roberts, CD; Clark, MR; Williams, A; Althaus, F; Last, PR. 2011. Composition, distribution and regional affinities of the deepwater ichthyofauna of the Lord Howe Rise and Norfolk Ridge, south-west Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58:933-947. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Finfish Harvest; Fish
Fung, T; Seymour, RM; Johnson, CR. 2011. Alternative stable states and phase shifts in coral reefs under anthropogenic stress. Ecology 92:967-982. 2011 Florida Model Algae; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Sediment
Yang, SL; Gao, RS; Niu, PL; Zou, ZY; Yu, RH. 2011. Arc Discharge Synthesis and Photoluminescence of 3D Feather-like AlN Nanostructures. Nanoscale Research Letters 6. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Fish; Nutrients
Kachhara, RP; Jodhawat, RL; Devi, KB. 2011. Molluscan Biostratigraphy Of The Palaeogene Sediments Around Lakhpat, Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Journal of the Paleontological Society of India 56:17-28. 2011 India Sediment
Davies, AJ; Guinotte, JM. 2011. Global Habitat Suitability for Framework-Forming Cold-Water Corals. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Stony Coral
Hoeke, RK; Jokiel, PL; Buddemeier, RW; Brainard, RE. 2011. Projected Changes to Growth and Mortality of Hawaiian Corals over the Next 100 Years. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Andrews, AH; Natanson, LJ; Kerr, LA; Burgess, GH; Cailliet, GM. 2011. Bomb radiocarbon and tag-recapture dating of sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus). Fishery Bulletin 109:454-465. 2011 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Yamashita, H; Suzuki, G; Hayashibara, T; Koike, K. 2011. Do corals select zooxanthellae by alternative discharge? Marine Biology 158:87-100. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; Discharges; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Williamson, EA; Strychar, KB; Withers, K; Sterba-Boatwright, B. 2011. Effects of salinity and sedimentation on the Gorgonian Coral, Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck 1815). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 409:331-338. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Octocoral; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Graham, N. A. J., P. Chabanet, R. D. Evans, S. Jennings, Y. Letourneur, M. A. MacNeil, T. R. McClanahan, M. C. O� hman, N. V. C. Polunin, and S. K. Wilson. 2011. Extinction vulnerability of coral reef fishes. Ecology Letters 1-8. 2011 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Navalgund, RR; Singh, RP. 2011. Climate Change Studies Using Space Based Observation. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 39:281-295. 2011 Global; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Irrigation; Light; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
McClanahan, TR; Graham, NAJ; MacNeil, MA; Muthiga, NA; Cinner, JE; Bruggemann, JH; Wilson, SK. 2011. Critical thresholds and tangible targets for ecosystem-based management of coral reef fisheries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108:17230-17233. 2011 Indian Ocean; India Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Long, JD; Cochrane, E; Dolecal, RE. 2011. Previous disturbance enhances the negative effects of trampling on barnacles. Marine Ecology Progress Series 437:165-173. 2011 Trampling
Gao, L; Hailu, A. 2011. Evaluating the effects of area closure for recreational fishing in a coral reef ecosystem: The benefits of an integrated economic and biophysical modeling. Ecological Economics 70:1735-1745. 2011 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Fung, T; Seymour, RM; Cherubin, LM; Arias-Gonzalez, JE; Fulton, EA. 2011. Regional-scale scenario modeling for coral reefs: a decision support tool to inform management of a complex system. Ecological Applications 21:1380-1398. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Nutrients; Physical Damage; Sea Urchins; Storms & Hurricanes
Rhodes, KL; Taylor, BM; McIlwain, JL. 2011. Detailed demographic analysis of an Epinephelus polyphekadion spawning aggregation and fishery. Marine Ecology Progress Series 421:183-198. 2011 Micronesia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Goodkin, NF; Switzer, AD; McCorry, D; DeVantier, L; True, JD; Hughen, KA; Angeline, N; Yang, TT. 2011. Coral communities of Hong Kong: long-lived corals in a marginal reef environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:185-196. 2011 Australia; China Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kellner, JB; Sanchirico, JN; Hastings, A; Mumby, PJ. 2011. Optimizing for multiple species and multiple values: tradeoffs inherent in ecosystem-based fisheries management. Conservation Letters 4:21-30. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Maignien, L; Depreiter, D; Foubert, A; Reveillaud, J; De Mol, L; Boeckx, P; Blamart, D; Henriet, JP; Boon, N. 2011. Anaerobic oxidation of methane in a cold-water coral carbonate mound from the Gulf of Cadiz. International Journal of Earth Sciences 100:1413-1422. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Martins, VS; Schiavetti, A; Souto, FJB. 2011. Ethnoecological knowledge of the artisan fishermen of octopi (Octopus spp.) in the community of Coroa Vermelha (Santa Cruz Cabralia, Bahia). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 83:513-522. 2011 Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid
Russon, T; Elliot, M; Sadekov, A; Cabioch, G; Correge, T; De Deckker, P. 2011. The mid-Pleistocene transition in the subtropical southwest Pacific. Paleoceanography 26. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton; Sediment
Koehn, JD; Hobday, AJ; Pratchett, MS; Gillanders, BM. 2011. Climate change and Australian marine and freshwater environments, fishes and fisheries: synthesis and options for adaptation. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:1148-1164. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Climate; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
La Mesa, G; Molinari, A; Bava, S; Finoia, MG; Cattaneo-Vietti, R; Tunesi, L. 2011. Gradients of abundance of sea breams across the boundaries of a Mediterranean marine protected area. Fisheries Research 111:24-30. 2011 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Wattage, P; Glenn, H; Mardle, S; Van Rensburg, T; Grehan, A; Foley, N. 2011. Economic value of conserving deep-sea corals in Irish waters: A choice experiment study on marine protected areas. Fisheries Research 107:59-67. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Discharges; Fish; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies; Waste Management; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Burt, J; Bartholomew, A; Sale, PF. 2011. Benthic development on large-scale engineered reefs: A comparison of communities among breakwaters of different age and natural reefs. Ecological Engineering 37:191-198. 2011 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Turf Algae
Moyer, RP; Grottoli, AG. 2011. Coral skeletal carbon isotopes (delta(13)C and Delta(14)C) record the delivery of terrestrial carbon to the coastal waters of Puerto Rico. Coral Reefs 30:791-802. 2011 Global; Puerto Rico Climate; Discharges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rasheed, M; Mian, S; Aubrey, D. 2011. Guidelines for EIA of fish and shrimp hatcheries in a semi-enclosed water body. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:678-686. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mitigation; Sediment
Mallela, J; Hermann, J; Rapp, RP; Eggins, SM. 2011. Fine-scale phosphorus distribution in coral skeletons: combining X-ray mapping by electronprobe microanalysis and LA-ICP-MS. Coral Reefs 30:813-818. 2011 GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Veilleux, HD; van Herwerden, L; Evans, RD; Travers, MJ; Newman, SJ. 2011. Strong genetic subdivision generates high genetic variability among eastern and western Australian populations of Lutjanus carponotatus (Richardson). Fisheries Research 108:74-80. 2011 Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Muallil, RN; Geronimo, RC; Cleland, D; Cabral, RB; Doctor, MV; Cruz-Trinidad, A; Alino, PM. 2011. Willingness to exit the artisanal fishery as a response to scenarios of declining catch or increasing monetary incentives. Fisheries Research 111:74-81. 2011 China; Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Monetary Valuation
Stoeckl, N; Hicks, CC; Mills, M; Fabricius, K; Esparon, M; Kroon, F; Kaur, K; Costanza, R. 2011. The economic value of ecosystem services in the Great Barrier Reef: our state of knowledge. Ecological Economics Reviews 1219:113-133. 2011 Australia Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Rooper, CN; Wilkins, ME; Rose, CS; Coon, C. 2011. Modeling the impacts of bottom trawling and the subsequent recovery rates of sponges and corals in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Continental Shelf Research 31:1827-1834. 2011 Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Sponges; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Wilson, AW; Binder, M; Hibbett, DS. 2011. Effects Of Gasteroid Fruiting Body Morphology On Diversification Rates In Three Independent Clades Of Fungi Estimated Using Binary State Speciation And Extinction Analysis. Evolution 65:1305-1322. 2011 Model Discharges
Larsson, AI; Purser, A. 2011. Sedimentation on the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa: Cleaning efficiency from natural sediments and drill cuttings. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1159-1168. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Sediment; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lapointe, BE; Bedford, BJ. 2011. Stormwater nutrient inputs favor growth of non-native macroalgae (Rhodophyta) on O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands. Harmful Algae 10:310-318. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wenger, AS; Johansen, JL; Jones, GP. 2011. Suspended sediment impairs habitat choice and chemosensory discrimination in two coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs 30:879-887. 2011 Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chauvin, A; Denis, V; Cuet, P. 2011. Is the response of coral calcification to seawater acidification related to nutrient loading? Coral Reefs 30:911-923. 2011 Indian Ocean; Cuba; India Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Zooxanthellae
Auster, PJ; Gjerde, K; Heupel, E; Watling, L; Grehan, A; Rogers, AD. 2011. Definition and detection of vulnerable marine ecosystems on the high seas: problems with the "move-on" rule. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:254-264. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Wild, C; Hoegh-Guldberg, O; Naumann, MS; Colombo-Pallotta, MF; Ateweberhan, M; Fitt, WK; Iglesias-Prieto, R; Palmer, C; Bythell, JC; Ortiz, JC; Loya, Y; van Woesik, R. 2011. Climate change impedes scleractinian corals as primary reef ecosystem engineers. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:205-215. 2011 Global Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Murillo, FJ; Munoz, PD; Altuna, A; Serrano, A. 2011. Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): interaction with fishing activities. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:319-332. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean GIS & Maps Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Braga-Henriques, A; Carreiro-Silva, M; Porteiro, FM; de Matos, V; Sampaio, I; Ocana, O; Avila, SP. 2011. The association between a deep-sea gastropod Pedicularia sicula (Caenogastropoda: Pediculariidae) and its coral host Errina dabneyi (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) in the Azores. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:399-407. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest
Whatmough, S; Van Putten, I; Chin, A. 2011. From hunters to nature observers: a record of 53 years of diver attitudes towards sharks and rays and marine protected areas. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:755-763. 2011 Australia; Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Huvenne, VAI; Tyler, PA; Masson, DG; Fisher, EH; Hauton, C; Huhnerbach, V; Le Bas, TP; Wolff, GA. 2011. A Picture on the Wall: Innovative Mapping Reveals Cold-Water Coral Refuge in Submarine Canyon. PLoS One 6. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hughes, AO; Croke, JC. 2011. Validation of a spatially distributed erosion and sediment yield model (SedNet) with empirically derived data from a catchment adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:962-973. 2011 Australia; Europe Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Stevenson, TC; Tissot, BN; Dierking, J. 2011. Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:813-822. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Tedetti, M; Cuet, P; Guigue, C; Goutx, M. 2011. Characterization of dissolved organic matter in a coral reef ecosystem subjected to anthropogenic pressures (La Reunion Island, Indian Ocean) using multi-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Science of the Total Environment 409:2198-2210. 2011 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Golbuu, Y; Friedlander, AM. 2011. Spatial and temporal characteristics of grouper spawning aggregations in marine protected areas in Palau, western Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 92:223-231. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Palau; Micronesia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Bouma, JA; Kuik, O; Dekker, AG. 2011. Assessing the value of Earth Observation for managing coral reefs: An example from the Great Barrier Reef. Science of the Total Environment 409:4497-4503. 2011 Global; Australia; Europe Climate; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Simon, T; Pinheiro, HT; Joyeux, JC. 2011. Target fishes on artificial reefs: Evidences of impacts over nearby natural environments. Science of the Total Environment 409:4579-4584. 2011 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Jones, RJ. 2011. Spatial patterns of chemical contamination (metals, PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFS) in sediments of a non-industrialized but densely populated coral atoll/small island state (Bermuda). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1362-1376. 2011 South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics
Richards, ZT; Beger, M. 2011. A quantification of the standing stock of macro-debris in Majuro lagoon and its effect on hard coral communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1693-1701. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Marshall Islands Finfish Harvest; Housing; Marine Debris; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Senal, MIS; Jacinto, GS; San Diego-McGlone, ML; Siringan, F; Zamora, P; Soria, L; Cardenas, MB; Villanoy, C; Cabrera, O. 2011. Nutrient inputs from submarine groundwater discharge on the Santiago reef flat, Bolinao, Northwestern Philippines. Marine Pollution Bulletin 63:195-200. 2011 Florida; Philippines GIS & Maps Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kelly, R. P., M. M. Foley, W. S. Fisher, R. A. Feely, B. S. Halpern, G. G. Waldbusser, and M. R. Caldwell 1. 2011. Mitigating Local Causes of Ocean Acidification with Existing Laws. Science 332:1036-1037. 2011 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Ocean Acidity
Oliver, L. M., J. C. Lehrter, and W. S. Fisher. 2011. Relating landscape development intensity to coral reef condition in the watersheds of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:293-302. 2011 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Changes; Stony Coral
Murugan, A; Dhanya, S; Sarcar, AB; Naganathan, V; Rajagopal, S; Balasubramanian, T. 2011. Fishery biology, demography of three spotted seahorse, Hippocampus trimaculatus inhabiting Gulf of Mannar region, Southeast coast of India. Indian journal of GeoMarine Sciences 40:411-423. 2011 India Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Williams, AJ; Little, LR; Begg, GA. 2011. Balancing indigenous and non-indigenous commercial objectives in a coral reef finfish fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:834-847. 2011 Australia Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Santos, MN; Leitao, F; Moura, A; Cerqueira, M; Monteiro, CC. 2011. Diplodus spp. on artificial reefs of different ages: influence of the associated macrobenthic community. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:87-97. 2011 Artificial Habitat; Fish
James, NP; Jones, B; Nelson, CS; Campbell, HJ; Titjen, J. 2011. Cenozoic temperate and sub-tropical carbonate sedimentation on an oceanic volcano - Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Sedimentology 58:1007-1029. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Eghtesadi-Araghi, P; Haffner, PD; Drouillard, K; Maghsoudlou, W. 2011. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminants in Black-lip (Pearl) Oyster Pinctada margaritifera from Kish Island (Persian Gulf). Iranian Journal Of Fisheries Sciences 10:25-34. 2011 Lab Study Sediment
Herbeck, LS; Unger, D; Krumme, U; Liu, SM; Jennerjahn, TC. 2011. Typhoon-induced precipitation impact on nutrient and suspended matter dynamics of a tropical estuary affected by human activities in Hainan, China. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 93:375-388. 2011 China Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mao, SC; Gavagnin, M; Mollo, E; Guo, YW. 2011. A new rare asteriscane sesquiterpene and other related derivatives from the Hainan aeolid nudibranch Phyllodesmium magnum. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 39:408-411. 2011 Australia; Guam; China Octocoral
Thurber, AR; Jones, WJ; Schnabel, K. 2011. Dancing for Food in the Deep Sea: Bacterial Farming by a New Species of Yeti Crab. PLoS One 6. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Avellaneda, PM; Englehardt, JD; Olascoaga, J; Babcock, EA; Brand, L; Lirman, D; Rogge, WF; Solo-Gabriele, H; Tchobanoglous, G. 2011. Relative risk assessment of cruise ships biosolids disposal alternatives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2157-2169. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Cruise Ships; Discharges
Futch, JC; Griffin, DW; Banks, K; Lipp, EK. 2011. Evaluation of sewage source and fate on southeast Florida coastal reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2308-2316. 2011 Florida Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lamb, JB; Willis, BL. 2011. Using Coral Disease Prevalence to Assess the Effects of Concentrating Tourism Activities on Offshore Reefs in a Tropical Marine Park. Conservation Biology 25:1044-1052. 2011 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation
Samy, M; Lizaso, JLS; Forcada, A. 2011. Status of marine protected areas in Egypt. Pages 165-177 in Conference on SIEBM 2010. BARCELONA. 2011 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Smith, AM; Kregting, L; Fern, S; Fraser, CI. 2011. Sedimentology of a wreck: The Rainbow Warrior revisited. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2412-2419. 2011 Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate
Blanco, AC; Watanabe, A; Nadaoka, K; Motooka, S; Herrera, EC; Yamamoto, T. 2011. Estimation of nearshore groundwater discharge and its potential effects on a fringing coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:770-785. 2011 Japan Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Golbuu, Y; van Woesik, R; Richmond, RH; Harrison, P; Fabricius, KE. 2011. River discharge reduces reef coral diversity in Palau. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:824-831. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bishop, R. C., D. J. Chapman, B. J. Kanninen, J. A. Krosnick, B. Leeworthy, and N. F. Meade. 2011. Total Ecolonic Value for Protecting and Restoring Hawaiian Coral Reef Ecosystems: Final Report. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 16, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD, USA. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Review Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing; Internet & Telecommunications; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Boehm, AB; Yamahara, KM; Walters, SP; Layton, BA; Keymer, DP; Thompson, RS; Knee, KL; Rosener, M. 2011. Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen, Soluble Reactive Phosphorous, and Microbial Pollutant Loading from Tropical Rural Watersheds in Hawai'i to the Coastal Ocean During Non-Storm Conditions. Estuaries and Coasts 34:925-936. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Arias-Gonzalez, JE; Gonzalez-Gandara, C; Cabrera, JL; Christensen, V. 2011. Predicted impact of the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans on the food web of a Caribbean coral reef. Environmental Research 111:917-925. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Mexico Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invasive Species
Feary, DA; Cinner, JE; Graham, NAJ; Januchowski-Hartley, FA. 2011. Effects of Customary Marine Closures on Fish Behavior, Spear-Fishing Success, and Underwater Visual Surveys. Conservation Biology 25:341-349. 2011 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
McClanahan, TR; Omukoto, JO. 2011. Comparison of Modern and Historical Fish Catches (AD 750-1400) to Inform Goals for Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable Fisheries. Conservation Biology 25:945-955. 2011 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Christensen, V., J. Steenbeek, and P. Failler. 2011. A combined ecosystem and value chain modeling approach for evaluating societal cost and benefit of fishing. Ecological Modelling 222:857-864. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Ruggeberg, A; Flogel, S; Dullo, WC; Hissmann, K; Freiwald, A. 2011. Water mass characteristics and sill dynamics in a subpolar cold-water coral reef setting at Stjernsund, northern Norway. Marine Geology 282:5-12. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Norway Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Van Rooij, D; Blamart, D; De Mol, L; Mienis, F; Pirlet, H; Wehrmann, LM; Barbieri, R; Maignien, L; Templer, SP; de Haas, H; Hebbeln, D; Frank, N; Larmagnat, S; Stadnitskaia, A; Stivaletta, N; van Weering, T; Zhang, Y; Hamoumi, N; Cnudde, V; Duyck, P; Henr. 2011. Cold-water coral mounds on the Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz: The MICROSYSTEMS project approach. Marine Geology 282:102-117. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wehrmann, LM; Templer, SP; Brunner, B; Bernasconi, SM; Maignien, L; Ferdelman, TG. 2011. The imprint of methane seepage on the geochemical record and early diagenetic processes in cold-water coral mounds on Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz. Marine Geology 282:118-137. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Sediment
Templer, SP; Wehrmann, LM; Zhang, Y; Vasconcelos, C; McKenzie, JA. 2011. Microbial community composition and biogeochemical processes in cold-water coral carbonate mounds in the Gulf of Cadiz, on the Moroccan margin. Marine Geology 282:138-148. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Microorganisms; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Riegl, BM; Purkis, SJ; Al-Cibahy, AS; Abdel-Moati, MA; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Present Limits to Heat-Adaptability in Corals and Population-Level Responses to Climate Extremes. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Climate; Coastal Development; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral
Prieto, C; Destouni, G. 2011. Is submarine groundwater discharge predictable? Geophysical Research Letters 38. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sutherland, KP; Shaban, S; Joyner, JL; Porter, JW; Lipp, EK. 2011. Human Pathogen Shown to Cause Disease in the Threatened Eklhorn Coral Acropora palmata. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Pathogens; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Richards, BL; Williams, ID; Nadon, MO; Zgliczynski, BJ. 2011. A Towed-Diver Survey Method For Mesoscale Fishery-Independent Assessment Of Large-Bodied Reef Fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:55-74. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Jones, R; Parsons, R; Watkinson, E; Kendell, D. 2011. Sewage contamination of a densely populated coral 'atoll' (Bermuda). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 179:309-324. 2011 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Housing; Microorganisms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cinner, JE; Folke, C; Daw, T; Hicks, CC. 2011. Responding to change: Using scenarios to understand how socioeconomic factors may influence amplifying or dampening exploitation feedbacks among Tanzanian fishers. Global Environmental Change-human And Policy Dimensions 21:7-12. 2011 Tanzania; India Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Munoz, PD; Murillo, FJ; Sayago-Gil, M; Serrano, A; Laporta, M; Otero, I; Gomez, C. 2011. Effects of deep-sea bottom longlining on the Hatton Bank fish communities and benthic ecosystem, north-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91:939-952. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Littering; Marine Birds; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Matsuda, S; Iryu, Y. 2011. Rhodoliths from deep fore-reef to shelf areas around Okinawa-jima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Marine Geology 282:215-230. 2011 Japan Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Siddiqui, PJA; Ali, A; Bromfield, K; Iqbal, P; Shoaib, N. 2011. Identification of Fossil Corals Inhabiting an Uplifted Area of Ras Gunz Near Jiwani, Balochistan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 43:523-527. 2011 Australia Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Mackenzie, FT; Andersson, AJ; Arvidson, RS; Guidry, MW; Lerman, A. 2011. Land-sea carbon and nutrient fluxes and coastal ocean CO(2) exchange and acidification: Past, present, and future. Applied Geochemistry 26:S298-S302. 2011 Model CO2; Discharges; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Aburto-Oropeza, O; Erisman, B; Galland, GR; Mascarenas-Osorio, I; Sala, E; Ezcurra, E. 2011. Large Recovery of Fish Biomass in a No-Take Marine Reserve. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Januchowski-Hartley, FA; Graham, NAJ; Feary, DA; Morove, T; Cinner, JE. 2011. Fear of Fishers: Human Predation Explains Behavioral Changes in Coral Reef Fishes. PLoS One 6. 2011 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Witt, V; Wild, C; Anthony, KRN; Diaz-Pulido, G; Uthicke, S. 2011. Effects of ocean acidification on microbial community composition of, and oxygen fluxes through, biofilms from the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Microbiology 13:2976-2989. 2011 Australia; Cuba Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Stony Coral
Hixon, MA. 2011. 60 Years Of Coral Reef Fish Ecology: Past, Present, Future. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:727-765. 2011 Cuba Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invasive Species; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Du Preez, C; Tunnicliffe, V. 2011. Shortspine thornyhead and rockfish (Scorpaenidae) distribution in response to substratum, biogenic structures and trawling. Marine Ecology Progress Series 425:217-231. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Columbia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Roche, H; Salvat, B; Ramade, F. 2011. Assessment Of The Pesticides Pollution Of Coral Reefs Communities From French Polynesia. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 66:3-10. 2011 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment
Salvat, B; Wilkinson, C. 2011. Cyclones And Climate Change In The South Pacific. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 66:105-115. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bellchambers, LM; Meeuwig, JJ; Evans, SN; Legendre, P. 2011. Modelling habitat associations of 14 species of holothurians from an unfished coral atoll: implications for fisheries management. Aquatic Biology 14:57-66. 2011 Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Octocoral
Mclean, DL; Harvey, ES; Meeuwig, JJ. 2011. Declines in the abundance of coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) in areas closed to fishing at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 406:71-78. 2011 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Lapointe, BE; Thacker, K; Hanson, C; Getten, L. 2011. Sewage pollution in Negril, Jamaica: effects on nutrition and ecology of coral reef macroalgae. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 29:775-789. 2011 Florida; Jamaica Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Dale, JJ; Stankus, AM; Burns, MS; Meyer, CG. 2011. The Shark Assemblage at French Frigate Shoals Atoll, Hawai'i: Species Composition, Abundance and Habitat Use. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest
Dunstan, AJ; Ward, PD; Marshall, NJ. 2011. Nautilus pompilius Life History and Demographics at the Osprey Reef Seamount, Coral Sea, Australia. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Octopus & Squid
Haapkyla, J; Unsworth, RKF; Flavell, M; Bourne, DG; Schaffelke, B; Willis, BL. 2011. Seasonal Rainfall and Runoff Promote Coral Disease on an Inshore Reef. PLoS One 6. 2011 Australia Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Salinity; Sediment
McClanahan, T; Karnauskas, M. 2011. Relationships between benthic cover, current strength, herbivory, and a fisheries closure in Glovers Reef Atoll, Belize. Coral Reefs 30:9-19. 2011 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Suzuki, G; Kai, S; Yamashita, H; Suzuki, K; Iehisa, Y; Hayashibara, T. 2011. Narrower grid structure of artificial reef enhances initial survival of in situ settled coral. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2803-2812. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Annibaldi, A; Illuminati, S; Truzzi, C; Scarponi, G. 2011. SWASV speciation of Cd, Pb and Cu for the determination of seawater contamination in the area of the Nicole shipwreck (Ancona coast, Central Adriatic Sea). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2813-2821. 2011 Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Glynn, PW. 2011. In Tandem Reef Coral And Cryptic Metazoan Declines And Extinctions. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:767-794. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Panama; India Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Hydrocoral; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Negri, AP; Harford, AJ; Parry, DL; van Dam, RA. 2011. Effects of alumina refinery wastewater and signature metal constituents at the upper thermal tolerance of: 2. The early life stages of the coral Acropora tenuis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:474-482. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Discharges; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Castro-Perez, JM; Gonzalez, GA; Arias-Gonzalez, JE. 2011. Characterizing spatial and temporal reef fisheries in Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve, northern Mesoamerican Reef System. Hidrobiologica 21:197-209. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rolfe, J; Windle, J. 2011. Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef. Water Resources Research 47. 2011 Australia Model Agriculture; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff
Sutherland, WJ; Bardsley, S; Bennun, L; Clout, M; Cote, IM; Depledge, MH; Dicks, LV; Dobson, AP; Fellman, L; Fleishman, E; Gibbons, DW; Impey, AJ; Lawton, JH; Lickorish, F; Lindenmayer, DB; Lovejoy, TE; Mac Nally, R; Madgwick, J; Peck, LS; Pretty, J; Prio. 2011. Horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2011. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26:10-16. 2011 Global Review Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Invasive Species; Pathogens; Schools & Colleges
Pollnac, R; Seara, T. 2011. Factors Influencing Success of Marine Protected Areas in the Visayas, Philippines as Related to Increasing Protected Area Coverage. Environmental Management 47:584-592. 2011 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Gonzalez, C; Jentoft, S. 2011. MPA in Labor: Securing the Pearl Cays of Nicaragua. Environmental Management 47:617-629. 2011 South & Central America; Nicaragua; Oman; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles
Nava, H; Ramirez-Herrera, MT. 2011. Government conservation policies on Mexican coastal areas: is "top-down" management working? Revista de Biologia Tropical 59:1487-1501. 2011 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Ramirez-Llodra, E; Tyler, PA; Baker, MC; Bergstad, OA; Clark, MR; Escobar, E; Levin, LA; Menot, L; Rowden, AA; Smith, CR; Van Dover, CL. 2011. Man and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the Deep Sea. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Review Climate; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Hannak, JS; Kompatscher, S; Stachowitsch, M; Herler, J. 2011. Snorkelling and trampling in shallow-water fringing reefs: Risk assessment and proposed management strategy. Journal of Environmental Management 92:2723-2733. 2011 Cuba; Egypt Model; Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Okuku, EO; Ohowa, B; Mwangi, SN; Munga, D; Kiteresi, LI; Wanjeri, VO; Okumu, S; Kilonzo, J. 2011. Sewage pollution in the Coastal waters of Mombasa City, Kenya: A norm Rather than an Exception. International Journal Of Environmental Research 5:865-874. 2011 Kenya Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Waterborne Discharges
Downs, C. A., C. M. Woodley, J. E. Fauth, S. Knutson, M. M. Burtscher, L. A. May, A. R. Avadanei, J. L. Higgins, and G. K. Ostrander. 2011. A survey of environmental pollutants and cellular-stress markers of Porites astreoides at six sites in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Ecotoxicology 2011 Global; US Virgin Islands Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alvarez-Filip, L; Gill, JA; Dulvy, NK; Perry, AL; Watkinson, AR; Cote, IM. 2011. Drivers of region-wide declines in architectural complexity on Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs 30:1051-1060. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zuidema, C; Plate, R; Dikou, A. 2011. To preserve or to develop? East Bay dredging project, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands. Journal of Coastal Conservation 15:555-563. 2011 Turks and Caicos Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae; Valuation
Ramos, R; Bastidas, C; Debrot, D; Garcia, E. 2011. Phase I and II biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes in the coral Siderastrea siderea act as biomarkers for reproductive condition and habitat quality. Marine Biology Research 7:398-406. 2011 Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Oliver, LM; Lehrter, JC; Fisher, WS. 2011. Relating landscape development intensity to coral reef condition in the watersheds of St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:293-302. 2011 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Impervious Surfaces; Landscape Changes; Sediment; Stony Coral
Lindley, ST; Erickson, DL; Moser, ML; Williams, G; Langness, OP; McCovey, BW; Belchik, M; Vogel, D; Pinnix, W; Kelly, JT; Heublein, JC; Klimley, AP. 2011. Electronic Tagging of Green Sturgeon Reveals Population Structure and Movement among Estuaries. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140:108-122. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Columbia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Tian, SG; Zhang, YS; Wang, JT; Niu, SW. 2011. Late Paleozoic reefs and their significance for tectonics and oil-gas exploration in the Hinggan-Inner Mongolia area. Science China-earth Sciences 54:212-222. 2011 China Algae; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment
Mora, C; Aburto-Oropeza, O; Bocos, AA; Ayotte, PM; Banks, S; Bauman, AG; Beger, M; Bessudo, S; Booth, DJ; Brokovich, E; Brooks, A; Chabanet, P; Cinner, JE; Cortes, J; Cruz-Motta, JJ; Magana, AC; DeMartini, EE; Edgar, GJ; Feary, DA; Ferse, SCA; Friedlander. 2011. Global Human Footprint on the Linkage between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Reef Fishes. PLoS Biology 9. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. 2011 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McLean, D. L., E. S. Harvey, D. V. Fairclough, and S. J. Newman. 2010. Large decline in the abundance of a targeted tropical lethrinid in areas open and closed to fishing. Marine Ecology Progress Series 418:189-199. 2010 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Jacquet, J., H. Fox, H. Motta, A. Ngusaru, and D. Zeller. 2010. Few data but many fish: marine small-scale fisheries catches for Mozambique and Tanzania. African Journal of Marine Science 32:197-206. 2010 Global; Tanzania; Mozambique Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Foster, M. S. and D. R. Schiel. 2010. Loss of predators and the collapse of southern California kelp forests (?): Alternatives, explanations and generalizations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 393:59-70. 2010 Review Coastal Development; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Jauer, C. D. and P. Budkewitsch. 2010. Old marine seismic and new satellite radar data: Petroleum exploration of north west Labrador Sea, Canada. Marine and Petroleum Geology 27:1379-1394. 2010 Global; Norway Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Microorganisms
Edgar, G. J., A. Davey, G. Kelly, R. B. Mawbey, and K. Parsons. 2010. Biogeographical and ecological context for managing threats to coral and rocky reef communities in the Lord Howe Island Marine Park, south-western Pacific. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:378-396. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Darling, E. S., T. R. McClanahan, and I. M. Cote. 2010. Combined effects of two stressors on Kenyan coral reefs are additive or antagonistic, not synergistic. Conservation Letters 3:122-130. 2010 Global; Kenya Climate; Finfish Harvest; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Godiva, D., H. Evangelista, M. Kampel, M. V. Licinio, and C. Munita. 2010. Combined use of aerogammaspectrometry and geochemistry to access sediment sources in a shallow coral site at Armacao dos Buzios, Brazil. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 87:526-534. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vermeij, M. J. A., M. L. Dailer, S. M. Walsh, M. K. Donovan, and C. M. Smith. 2010. The effects of trophic interactions and spatial competition on algal community composition on Hawaiian coral reefs. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 31:291-299. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kenya Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Sea Urchins; Turf Algae
Goni, R., R. Hilborn, D. Diaz, S. Mallol, and S. Adlerstein. 2010. Net contribution of spillover from a marine reserve to fishery catches. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:233-243. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Crawley, A., D. I. Kline, S. Dunn, K. Anthony, and S. Dove. 2010. The effect of ocean acidification on symbiont photorespiration and productivity in Acropora formosa. Global Change Biology 16:851-863. 2010 CO2; Light; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Andersson, M. H. and M. C. Ohman. 2010. Fish and sessile assemblages associated with wind-turbine constructions in the Baltic Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:642-650. 2010 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates
Stephen, J. A. and P. J. Harris. 2010. Commercial catch composition with discard and immediate release mortality proportions off the southeastern coast of the United States. Fisheries Research 103:18-24. 2010 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Claudet, J., C. W. Osenberg, P. Domenici, F. Badalamenti, M. Milazzo, J. M. Falcon, I. Bertocci, L. Benedetti-Cecchi, J. A. Garcia-Charton, R. Goni, J. A. Borg, A. Forcada, G. A. de Lucia, A. Perez-Ruzafa, P. Afonso, A. Brito, I. Guala, L. Le Direach, and Sanchez-Jerez,. 2010. Marine reserves: Fish life history and ecological traits matter. Ecological Applications 20:830-839. 2010 Europe Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation
Hall, B. L., G. M. Henderson, C. Baroni, and T. B. Kellogg. 2010. Constant Holocene Southern-Ocean C-14 reservoir ages and ice-shelf flow rates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 296:115-123. 2010 Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Bartley, R., J. P. Corfield, B. N. Abbott, A. A. Hawdon, S. N. Wilkinson, and B. Nelson. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields, Part 1: Hills lope processes. Journal of Hydrology 389:237-248. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Littering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bartley, R., S. N. Wilkinson, A. A. Hawdon, B. N. Abbott, and D. A. Post. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields. Part 2: Catchment response. Journal of Hydrology 389:249-259. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carriquiry, J. D. and G. Horta-Puga. 2010. The Ba/Ca record of corals from the Southern Gulf of Mexico: Contributions from land-use changes, fluvial discharge and oil-drilling muds. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1625-1630. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Discharges; Oil & Gas Industry; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guerra-Garcia, J. M., T. Ganesh, M. Jaikumar, and A. V. Raman. 2010. Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from India. Helgoland Marine Research 64:297-310. 2010 India Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Burkepile, D. E. and M . E. Hay. 2010. Impact of herbivore identity on algal succession and coral growth on a Caribbean reef. PLoS One 5:e8963. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Bushnell, M. E., J. T. Claisse, and C. W. Laidley. 2010. Lunar and seasonal patterns in fecundity of an indeterminate, multiple-spawning surgeonfish, the yellow tang Zebrasoma flavescens. Journal of Fish Biology 76:1343-1361. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Masuda, R., M. Shiba, Y. Yamashita, M. Ueno, Y. Kai, A. Nakanishi, M. Torikoshi, and M. Tanaka. 2010. Fish assemblages associated with three types of artificial reefs: density of assemblages and possible impacts on adjacent fish abundance. Fishery Bulletin 108:162-173. 2010 Cuba; Japan Artificial Habitat; Fish
Wallace, B. P., R. L. Lewison, S. L. McDonald, R. K. McDonald, C. Y. Kot, S. Kelez, R. K. Bjorkland, E. M. Finkbeiner, S. Helmbrecht, and L. B. Crowder. 2010. Global patterns of marine turtle bycatch. Conservation Letters [inpress]. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Uthicke, S., A. Thompson, and B. Schaffelke. 2010. y Effectiveness of benthic foraminiferal and coral assemblages as water quality indicators on inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 29:209-225. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral
Jiang, Z. Y., Z. L. Liang, Y. L. Tang, L. Y. Huang, D. Y. Yu, and M. S. Jiang. 2010. Numerical simulation and experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a modeled reef located within a current. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 28:267-273. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rasher, D. B. and M. E. Hay. 2010. Chemically rich seaweeds poison corals when not controlled by herbivores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:9683-9688. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Toller, W., A. O. Debrot, M. J. A. Vermeij, and P. C. Hoetjes. 2010. Reef Fishes of Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles: Assemblage Structure across a Gradient of Habitat Types. PLoS One 5:e9207. 2010 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
McKenna, S. A. and P. Etnoyer. 2010. Rapid Assessment of Stony Coral Richness and Condition on Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles. PLoS One 5:e10749. 2010 South & Central America; Antilles; Cuba; Caribbean Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pathogens; Sponges; Stony Coral
Etnoyer, P. J., H. H. Wirshing, and J. A. Sanchez. 2010. Rapid Assessment of Octocoral Diversity and Habitat on Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles. PLoS One 5:e10668. 2010 South & Central America; Antilles; Cuba; Caribbean Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Octocoral
Thomas, Y., C. Courties, Y. El Helwe, A. Herbland, and H. Lemonnier. 2010. Spatial and temporal extension of eutrophication associated with shrimp farm wastewater discharges in the New Caledonia lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:387-398. 2010 New Caledonia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Discharges; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Wastewater Discharge
Murdock, S., H. Johnson, N. Forget, and S. K. Juniper. 2010. Composition and diversity of microbial mats at shallow hydrothermal vents on Volcano 1, South Tonga Arc. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 51:407-412. 2010 Tonga Discharges
Lirman, D., A. Bowden-Kerby, S. Schopmeyer, B. Huntington, T. Thyberg, M. Gough, T. Gough, R. Gough, and Y. Gough. 2010. A window to the past: documenting the status of one of the last remaining 'megapopulations' of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis in the Dominican Republic. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:773-781. 2010 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Algae; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Worms; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Jollit, I., M. Leopold, N. Guillemot, G. David, P. Chabanet, J. M. Lebigre, and J. Ferraris. 2010. Geographical aspects of informal reef fishery systems in New Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:585-597. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Hughes, A. O., J. C. Croke, T. J. Pietsch, and J. M. Olley. 2010. Changes in the rates of floodplain and in-channel bench accretion in response to catchment disturbance, central Queensland, Australia. Geomorphology 114:338-347. 2010 Australia; Europe Model Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Suwa, R., M. Nakamura, M. Morita, K. Shimada, A. Iguchi, K. Sakai, and A. Suzuki. 2010. Effects of acidified seawater on early life stages of scleractinian corals (Genus Acropora). Fisheries Science 76:93-99. 2010 CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Villanueva, R. D., A. J. Edwards, and J. D. Bell. 2010. Enhancement of Grazing Gastropod Populations as a Coral Reef Restoration Tool: Predation Effects and Related Applied Implications. Restoration Ecology 18:803-809. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Octopus & Squid; Small Herbivorous Fish; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Huang, K. F., C. F. You, Y. H. Liu, R. M. Wang, P. Y. Lin, and C. H. Chung. 2010. Low-memory, small sample size, accurate and high-precision determinations of lithium isotopic ratios in natural materials by MC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 25:1019-1024. 2010 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Turner, A. 2010. Marine pollution from antifouling paint particles. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:159-171. 2010 Review Invertebrates; Salinity; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Lozano-Alvarez, E., P. Briones-Fourzan, L. Alvarez-Filip, H. M. Weiss, F. Negrete-Soto, and C. Barradas-Ortiz. 2010. Influence of shelter availability on interactions between Caribbean spiny lobsters and moray eels: implications for artificial lobster enhancement. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:175-185. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Paris, R., J. Fournier, E. Poizot, S. Etienne, J. Morin, F. Lavigne, and P. Wassmer. 2010. Boulder and fine sediment transport and deposition by the 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (western Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia): A coupled offshore-onshore model. Marine Geology 268:43-54. 2010 Indonesia Model; GIS & Maps Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Lorke, A. and W. N. Probst. 2010. In situ measurements of turbulence in fish shoals. Limnology and Oceanography 55:354-364. 2010 Germany Model Artificial Habitat; Fish
Chen, T. R., K. F. Yu, S. Li, G. J. Price, Q. Shi, and G. J. Wei. 2010. Heavy metal pollution recorded in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. Marine Environmental Research 70:318-326. 2010 China Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Stony Coral
Poonian, C., P. Z. R. Davis, and C. K. McNaughton. 2010. Impacts of Recreational Divers on Palauan Coral Reefs and Options for Management. Pacific Science 64:557-565. 2010 Cuba; Palau Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Physical Damage; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Lenahan, M. J. and K. L. Bristow. 2010. Understanding sub-surface solute distributions and salinization mechanisms in a tropical coastal floodplain groundwater system. Journal of Hydrology 390:131-142. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Irrigation; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bratton, J. F. 2010. The Three Scales of Submarine Groundwater Flow and Discharge across Passive Continental Margins. Journal of Geology 118:565-575. 2010 Discharges; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dunstan, A., O. Alanis, and J. Marshall. 2010. Nautilus pompilius fishing and population decline in the Philippines: A comparison with an unexploited Australian Nautilus population. Fisheries Research 106:239-247. 2010 Australia; Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Jensen, S., S. Duperron, N. K. Birkeland, and M. Hovland. 2010. Intracellular Oceanospirillales bacteria inhabit gills of Acesta bivalves. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 74:523-533. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Norway Bivalves; Finfish Harvest
Rasalato, E., V. Maginnity, and J. M. Brunnschweiler. 2010. Using local ecological knowledge to identify shark river habitats in Fiji (South Pacific). Environmental Conservation 37:90-97. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Love, M. S., B. Lenarz, and L. Snook. 2010. A Survey Of The Reef Fishes, Purple Hydrocoral (Stylaster Californicus), And Marine Debris Of Farnsworth Bank, Santa Catalina Island. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:35-52. 2010 Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Munoz, R. C., M. L. Burton, K. J. Brennan, and R. O. Parker. 2010. Reproduction, Habitat Utilization, And Movements Of Hogfish (Lachnolaimus Maximus) In The Florida Keys, Usa: Comparisons From Fished Versus Unfished Habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:93-116. 2010 Florida; Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2010. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment on algal community development: Artificial mini-reefs on the Belize Barrier Reef sedimentary lagoon. Harmful Algae 9:255-263. 2010 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. 2010. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: 2009 System Status Report. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
de Almeida, M. T. R., G. E. Siless, C. D. Perez, M. J. Veloso, L. Schejter, L. Puricelli, and J. A. Palermo. 2010. Dolabellane Diterpenoids from the South Atlantic Gorgonian Convexella magelhaenica. Journal of Natural Products 73:1714-1717. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral
Skov, H. and F. Thomsen. 2010. General models of marine animal habitats require a process-based approach to parameter selection and model design Reply. Marine Ecology Progress Series 399:299-303. 2010 Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Welch, D. J., B. D. Mapstone, C. R. Davies, and G. R. Russ. 2010. Spatial and fishing effects on sampling gear biases in a tropical reef line fishery. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:1134-1146. 2010 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rudershausen, P. J., W. A. Mitchell, J. A. Buckel, E. H. Williams, and E. Hazen. 2010. Developing a two-step fishery-independent design to estimate the relative abundance of deepwater reef fish: Application to a marine protected area off the southeastern United States coast. Fisheries Research 105:254-260. 2010 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Gray, D. L., R. Canessa, R. Rollins, C. P. Keller, and P. Dearden. 2010. Incorporating Recreational Users into Marine Protected Area Planning: A Study of Recreational Boating in British Columbia, Canada. Environmental Management 46:167-180. 2010 Columbia Model Aquaculture; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Godoy, N., S. Gelcich, J. A. Vasquez, and J. C. Castilla. 2010. Spearfishing to depletion: evidence from temperate reef fishes in Chile. Ecological Applications 20:1504-1511. 2010 Cuba Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Capasso, E., S. R. Jenkins, M. Frost, and H. Hinz. 2010. Investigation of benthic community change over a century-wide scale in the western English Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:1161-1172. 2010 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sea Urchins; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Boisnier, E., T. Sagawa, T. Komatsu, and N. Takagi. 2010. Distinguishing resident from transient species along marine artificial reefs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:1297-1303. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish
Bellchambers, L. M., S. N. Evans, and J. J. Meeuwig. 2010. Abundance and size of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) as a function of benthic habitat: implications for ecosystem-based fisheries management. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:279-287. 2010 Australia GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sponges
Hallegraeff, G. M. 2010. Ocean Climate Change, Phytoplankton Community Responses, And Harmful Algal Blooms: A Formidable Predictive Challenge. Journal of Phycology 46:220-235. 2010 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Climate; CO2; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Grove, C. A., R. Nagtegaal, J. Zinke, T. Scheufen, B. Koster, S. Kasper, M. T. McCulloch, G. van den Bergh, and G. J. A. Brummer. 2010. River runoff reconstructions from novel spectral luminescence scanning of massive coral skeletons. Coral Reefs 29:579-591. 2010 Madagascar Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Valentine, J. P. and G. J. Edgar. 2010. Impacts of a population outbreak of the urchin Tripneustes gratilla amongst Lord Howe Island coral communities. Coral Reefs 29:399-410. 2010 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Smith, J. E., C. L. Hunter, and C. M. Smith. 2010. The effects of top�down versus bottom�up control on benthic coral reef community structure. Oecologia 163:497-507. 2010 Global Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Duarte, T. K., S. Pongkijvorasin, J. Roumasset, D. Amato, and K. Burnett. 2010. Optimal management of a Hawaiian Coastal aquifer with nearshore marine ecological interactions. Water Resources Research 46:W11545. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Algae; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sofonia, J. J. and R. K. F. Unsworth. 2010. Development of water quality thresholds during dredging for the protection of benthic primary producer habitats. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12:159-163. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Light; Sediment
Wilson, B. 2010. Effect Of Hurricanes On Guilds Of Nearshore Epiphytal Foraminifera, Nevis, West Indies. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 40:327-343. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Dissanayake, D. C. T. and G. Stefansson. 2010. Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria atra (Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida) in the northwestern coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 54:65-76. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Sri Lanka Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest
Dragicevic, J. S. 2010. Sea Pollution By Petroleum And Petroleum Products. Gradevinar 62:755-760. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Oil & Gas Industry
Gayle, P., B. Charpentier, O. Spence, and A. Levrel. 2010. The Jamaican CARICOMP Site using a temporal data set to assist in managing coastal resources. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:63-69. 2010 Jamaica Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Stony Coral
Wielgus, J., E. Cooper, R. Torres, and L. Burke. 2010. Coastal capital: Dominican Republic. Case studies on the economic value of coastal ecosystems in the Dominican Republic. Washington, DC, World Resources Institute. 2010 Global; Dominican Republic Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Shank, G. C., R. G. Zepp, A. Vahatalo, R. Lee, and E. Bartels. 2010. Photobleaching kinetics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter derived from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:162-171. 2010 Florida CO2; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Shank, G. C., R. Lee, A. Vahatalo, R. G. Zepp, and E. Bartels. 2010. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:172-181. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Remote Sensing Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Rastogi, R. P., Richa, R. P. Sinha, S. P. Singh, and D. P. Hader. 2010. Photoprotective compounds from marine organisms. Journal Of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 37:537-558. 2010 Algae; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton
Price, A. R. G., A. Harris, A. Mcgowan, A. J. Venkatachalam, and C. R. C. Sheppard. 2010. Chagos feels the pinch: assessment of holothurian (sea cucumber) abundance, illegal harvesting and conservation prospects in British Indian Ocean Territory. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:117-126. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; Sri Lanka; India Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Koldewey, H. J., D. Curnick, S. Harding, L. R. Harrison, and M. Gollock. 2010. Potential benefits to fisheries and biodiversity of the Chagos Archipelago/British Indian Ocean Territory as a no-take marine reserve. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1906-1915. 2010 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Saleh, M. B. and R. G. Kerr. 2010. Identification of the Cyclase Product and its First Oxidation Product in the Biosynthesis of Fuscol and Fuscosides. Australian Journal of Chemistry 63:901-906. 2010 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Model Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Heupel, M. R., A. J. Williams, D. J. Welch, C. R. Davies, A. Penny, J. P. Kritzer, R. J. Marriott, and B. D. Mapstone. 2010. Demographic characteristics of exploited tropical lutjanids: a comparative analysis. Fishery Bulletin 108:420-432. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Alcolado, P. M., I. E. Morgan, P. A. Kramer, R. N. Ginsburg, P. Blanchon, E. de la Guardia, V. Kosminin, S. Gonzalez-Ferrer, and M. Hernandez. 2010. Condition of remote reefs off southwest Cuba. Ciencias Marinas 36:179-197. 2010 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Hiscock, K., S. Sharrock, J. Highfield, and D. Snelling. 2010. Colonization of an artificial reef in south-west England-ex-HMS 'Scylla'. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:69-94. 2010 England Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Military; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Sponges
Wolkenhauer, S. M., S. Uthicke, C. Burridge, T. Skewes, and R. Pitcher. 2010. The ecological role of Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) within subtropical seagrass beds. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:215-223. 2010 Global Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Seagrasses
Wen, C. K. C., M. S. Pratchett, K. T. Shao, K. P. Kan, and B. K. K. Chan. 2010. Effects of habitat modification on coastal fish assemblages. Journal of Fish Biology 77:1674-1687. 2010 Taiwan Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish
Al-Banna, N. Y., M. M. Al-Mutwali, and N. R. Ismail. 2010. Oligocene stratigraphy in the Sinjar Basin, northwestern Iraq. GeoArabia 15:17-44. 2010 Europe Sediment
McClanahan, T. R. 2010. Effects of Fisheries Closures and Gear Restrictions on Fishing Income in a Kenyan Coral Reef. Conservation Biology 24:1519-1528. 2010 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Noernberg, M. A., J. Fournier, S. Dubois, and J. Populus. 2010. Using airborne laser altimetry to estimate Sabellaria alveolata (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) reefs volume in tidal flat environments. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 90:93-102. 2010 France Model; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Marine Worms
Gavio, B., S. Palmer-Cantillo, and J. E. Mancera. 2010. Historical analysis (2000-2005) of the coastal water quality in San Andres Island, Sea Flower Biosphere Reserve, Caribbean Colombia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1018-1030. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Seagrasses
Marshall, N. A., P. A. Marshall, A. Abdulla, and T. Rouphael. 2010. The Links Between Resource Dependency and Attitude of Commercial Fishers to Coral Reef Conservation in the Red Sea. Ambio 39:305-313. 2010 Egypt Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Wakefield, C. B., S. J. Newman, and B. W. Molony. 2010. Age-based demography and reproduction of hapuku, Polyprion oxygeneios, from the south coast of Western Australia: implications for management. ICES Journal of Marine Science 67:1164-1174. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Lavoie, D., G. Chi, M. Urbatsch, and W. J. Davis. 2010. Massive dolomitization of a pinnacle reef in the Lower Devonian West Point Formation (Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec): An extreme case of hydrothermal dolomitization through fault-focused circulation of magmatic fluids. AAPG Bulletin 94:513-531. 2010
Langhamer, O., K. Haikonen, and J. Sundberg. 2010. Wave power Sustainable energy or environmentally costly? A review with special emphasis on linear wave energy converters. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 14:1329-1335. 2010 Global Review Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Whales & Dolphins
D'Onghia, G., P. Maiorano, L. Sion, A. Giove, F. Capezzuto, R. Carlucci, and A. Tursi. 2010. Effects of deep-water coral banks on the abundance and size structure of the megafauna in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57:397-411. 2010 Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Todd, P. A., X. Y. Ong, and L. M. Chou. 2010. Impacts of pollution on marine life in Southeast Asia. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:1063-1082. 2010 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Review Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waterborne Discharges
Mastrototaro, F., G. D'Onghia, G. Corriero, A. Matarrese, P. Maiorano, P. Panetta, M. Gherardi, C. Longo, A. Rosso, F. Sciuto, R. Sanfilippo, C. Gravili, F. Boero, M. Taviani, and A. Tursi. 2010. Biodiversity of the white coral bank off Cape Santa Maria di Leuca (Mediterranean Sea): An update. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57:412-430. 2010 Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Etiope, G., A. Savini, N. Lo Bue, P. Favali, and C. Corselli. 2010. Deep-sea survey for the detection of methane at the "Santa Maria di Leuca" cold-water coral mounds (Ionian Sea, South Italy). Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 57:431-440. 2010 Lab Study Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment
Uthicke, S., M. Byrne, and C. Conand. 2010. Genetic barcoding of commercial Beche-de-mer species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Molecular Ecology Resources 10:634-646. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Pacific Ocean Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates
Jones, A. T., J. Greinert, D. A. Bowden, I. Klaucke, C. J. Petersen, G. L. Netzeband, and W. Weinrebe. 2010. Acoustic and visual characterisation of methane-rich seabed seeps at Omakere Ridge on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand. Marine Geology 272:154-169. 2010 GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Worms; Microorganisms
Al-Zereini, W., C. B. F. F. Yao, H. Laatsch, and H. Anke. 2010. Aqabamycins A-G: novel nitro maleimides from a marine Vibrio species: I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activities. Journal of Antibiotics 63:297-301. 2010 Octocoral
Wood, C. L., K. D. Lafferty, and F. Micheli. 2010. Fishing out marine parasites? Impacts of fishing on rates of parasitism in the ocean. Ecology Letters 13:761-775. 2010 Global Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2010. Ecology and nutrition of invasive Caulerpa brachypus f. parvifolia blooms on coral reefs off southeast Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 9:1-12. 2010 Florida; Bahamas Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ercilla, G., F. Estrada, D. Casas, R. Duran, M. Nuez, B. Alonso, and M. L. Farran. 2010. The El Masnou infralittoral sedimentary environment (Barcelona province, NW Mediterranean Sea): morphology and Holocene seismic stratigraphy. Scientia Marina 74:179-196. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
MacNeil, M. A., N. A. J. Graham, J. E. Cinner, N. K. Dulvy, P. A. Loring, S. Jennings, N. V. C. Polunin, A. T. Fisk, and T. R. McClanahan. 2010. Transitional states in marine fisheries: adapting to predicted global change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365:3753-3763. 2010 Global; Indian Ocean; India Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Primary Production
Jackson, J. B. C. 2010. The future of the oceans past. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365:3765-3778. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Climate; Finfish Harvest; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity
Coleman, F. C. and C. C. Koenig. 2010. The effects of fishing, climate change, and other anthropogenic disturbances on red grouper and other reef fishes in the Gulf of Mexico. Integrative And Comparative Biology 50:E31-E31. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Climate; Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Magnusson, M., K. Heimann, P. Quayle, and A. P. Negri. 2010. Additive toxicity of herbicide mixtures and comparative sensitivity of tropical benthic microalgae. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1978-1987. 2010 Australia Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production
Jones, R. 2010. Environmental contamination associated with a marine landfill ('seafill') beside a coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1993-2006. 2010 Bermuda Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal
Bauman, A. G., J. A. Burt, D. A. Feary, E. Marquis, and P. Usseglio. 2010. Tropical harmful algal blooms: An emerging threat to coral reef communities? Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:2117-2122. 2010 Global; Indian Ocean; India; Oman Ballast Discharge; Climate; Discharges; Fish; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Mumby, P. J. and A. R. Harborne. 2010. Marine reserves enhance the recovery of corals on caribbean reefs. PLoS One 5:e8657. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Knittweis, L. and M. Wolff. 2010. Live coral trade impacts on the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis in Indonesia: Potential future management approaches. Biological Conservation 143:2722-2729. 2010 Indonesia Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Albouy, C., D. Mouillot, D. Rocklin, J. M. Culioli, and F. Le Loc'h. 2010. Simulation of the combined effects of artisanal and recreational fisheries on a Mediterranean MPA ecosystem using a trophic model. Marine Ecology Progress Series 412:207-221. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Azzurro, E., M. Matiddi, E. Fanelli, P. Guidetti, G. La Mesa, A. Scarpato, and V. Axiak. 2010. Sewage pollution impact on Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblages. Marine Environmental Research 69:390-397. 2010 Index or Indicator Fish; Wastewater Discharge
Webster, I. T. and P. W. Ford. 2010. Delivery, deposition and redistribution of fine sediments within macrotidal Fitzroy Estuary/Keppel Bay: Southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Continental Shelf Research 30:793-805. 2010 Australia Remote Sensing Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Estes, J. A., M. T. Tinker, and J. L. Bodkin. 2010. Using Ecological Function to Develop Recovery Criteria for Depleted Species: Sea Otters and Kelp Forests in the Aleutian Archipelago. Conservation Biology 24:852-860. 2010 Complex Habitat & Resources; Deforestation & Devegetation; Sea Urchins
Chong, V. C., P. K. Y. Lee, and C. M. Lau. 2010. Diversity, extinction risk and conservation of Malaysian fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 76:2009-2066. 2010 Malaysia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sediment
Edgar, G. J. and N. S. Barrett. 2010. Biotic affinities of rocky reef fishes, invertebrates and macroalgae in different zones of the Port Davey marine protected area, south-western Tasmania. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:282-296. 2010 Australia Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Water Depth & Sea Level
Edgar, G. J., P. R. Last, N. S. Barrett, K. Gowlett-Holmes, M. Driessen, and P. Mooney. 2010. Conservation of natural wilderness values in the Port Davey marine and estuarine protected area, south-western Tasmania. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:297-311. 2010 Global; Australia Boating Activities; Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Lynch, A. M. J., S. G. Sutton, and C. A. Simpfendorfer. 2010. Implications of recreational fishing for elasmobranch conservation in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:312-318. 2010 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Cook, E. J., R. Shucksmith, H. Orr, G. V. Ashton, and J. Berge. 2010. Fatty acid composition as a dietary indicator of the invasive caprellid, Caprella mutica (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Marine Biology 157:19-27. 2010 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Invasive Species
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2010. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164:513-531. 2010 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Wilson, S. K., R. Fisher, M. S. Pratchett, N. A. J. Graham, N. K. Dulvy, R. A. Turner, A. Cakacaka, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2010. Habitat degradation and fishing effects on the size structure of coral reef fish communities. Ecological Applications 20:442-451. 2010 Fiji Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Seastars
Murchie, K. J., E. Schwager, S. J. Cooke, A. J. Danylchuk, S. E. Danylchuk, T. L. Goldberg, C. D. Suski, and D. P. Philipp. 2010. Spatial ecology of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in tidal creeks and coastal waters of Eleuthera, The Bahamas. Environmental Biology of Fishes 89:95-104. 2010 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Garren, M. and F. Azam. 2010. New Method for Counting Bacteria Associated with Coral Mucus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76:6128-6133. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Microorganisms; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge; Zooxanthellae
Pereira, P. H. C., B. P. Ferreira, and S. M. Rezende. 2010. Community structure of the ichthyofauna associated with seagrass beds (Halodule wrightii) in Formoso River estuary - Pernambuco, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 82:617-628. 2010 Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zapata, F. A., A. Rodriguez-Ramirez, C. Caro-Zambrano, and J. Garzon-Ferreira. 2010. Mid-term coral-algal dynamics and conservation status of a Gorgona Island (Tropical Eastern Pacific) coral reef. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:81-94. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Guzman, J. R., G. Espinosa-Paredes, J. L. Francois, C. Martin-Del-Campo, and A. Nunez-Carrera. 2010. Radiotoxicity of transuranics recycling in heterogeneous fuel assemblies for boiling water reactors. Progress In Nuclear Energy 52:698-706. 2010 Discharges
Manez, K. S. and S. C. A. Ferse. 2010. The History of Makassan Trepang Fishing and Trade. PLoS One 5:e11346. 2010 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Comeau, S., R. Jeffree, J. L. Teyssie, and J. P. Gattuso. 2010. Response of the Arctic Pteropod Limacina helicina to Projected Future Environmental Conditions. PLoS One 5:e11362. 2010 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Whales & Dolphins
Baird, A. H., M. C. Kospartov, and S. Purcell. 2010. Reproductive Synchrony in Acropora Assemblages on Reefs of New Caledonia. Pacific Science 64:405-412. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Discharges; Stony Coral
Herrera, S., A. Baco, and J. A. Sanchez. 2010. Molecular systematics of the bubblegum coral genera (Paragorgiidae, Octocorallia) and description of a new deep-sea species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55:123-135. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Olsen, Y. S., S. E. Fox, E. L. Kinney, M. Teichberg, and I. Valiela. 2010. Differences in urbanization and degree of marine influence are reflected in delta C-13 and delta N-15 of producers and consumers in seagrass habitats of Puerto Rico. Marine Environmental Research 69:198-206. 2010 Puerto Rico Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Dailer, M. L., R. S. Knox, J. E. Smith, M. Napier, and C. M. Smith. 2010. Using delta N-15 values in algal tissue to map locations and potential sources of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on the island of Maui, Hawai'i, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:655-671. 2010 GIS & Maps Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Wastewater Discharge
Crowe, S. E., P. T. Gayes, R. F. Viso, D. C. Bergquist, P. C. Jutte, and R. F. Van Dolah. 2010. Impact of the Charleston Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site on nearby hard bottom reef habitats. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:679-691. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Sponges
Tkachenko, K. S. and K. Soong. 2010. Protection of Habitat Types: A Case Study of the Effectiveness of a Small Marine Reserve and Impacts of Different Habitats on the Diversity and Abundance of Coral Reef Fishes. Zoological Studies 49:195-210. 2010 Taiwan Index or Indicator Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Fujikura, K., D. Lindsay, H. Kitazato, S. Nishida, and Y. Shirayama. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in Japanese Waters. PLoS One 5:e11836. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan
Fautin, D., P. Dalton, L. S. Incze, J. A. C. Leong, C. Pautzke, A. Rosenberg, P. Sandifer, G. Sedberry, J. W. Tunnell, I. Abbott, R. E. Brainard, M. Brodeur, L. G. Eldredge, M. Feldman, F. Moretzsohn, P. S. Vroom, M. Wainstein, and N. Wolff. 2010. An Overview of Marine Biodiversity in United States Waters. PLoS One 5:e11914. 2010 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Banks, Credit, & Securities; CO2; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Ward-Paige, C. A., C. Mora, H. K. Lotze, C. Pattengill-Semmens, L. McClenachan, E. Arias-Castro, and R. A. Myers. 2010. Large-Scale Absence of Sharks on Reefs in the Greater-Caribbean: A Footprint of Human Pressures. PLoS One 5:e11968. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Special Use Permitting
Hardman, E., J. M. Green, M. S. Desire, and S. Perrine. 2010. Movement of sonically tagged bluespine unicornfish, Naso unicornis, in relation to marine reserve boundaries in Rodrigues, western Indian Ocean. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:357-361. 2010 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Dewsbury, B. M. and J. W. Fourqurean. 2010. Artificial Reefs Concentrate Nutrients And Alter Benthic Community Structure In An Oligotrophic, Subtropical Estuary. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:813-829. 2010 Florida Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment
Boswell, K. M., R. J. D. Wells, J. H. Cowan, and C. A. Wilson. 2010. Biomass, Density, And Size Distributions Of Fishes Associated With A Large-Scale Artificial Reef Complex In The Gulf Of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:879-889. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs
Klein, C. J., N. C. Ban, B. S. Halpern, M. Beger, E. T. Game, H. S. Grantham, A. Green, T. J. Klein, S. Kininmonth, E. Treml, K. Wilson, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Prioritizing Land and Sea Conservation Investments to Protect Coral Reefs. PLoS One 5:e12431. 2010 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity
Brothers, N., A. R. Duckworth, C. Safina, and E. L. Gilman. 2010. Seabird Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Is Grossly Underestimated when Using Only Haul Data. PLoS One 5:e12491. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds
Pedder, A. E. H. 2010. Lower-Middle Devonian rugose coral faunas of Nevada: Contribution to an understanding of the "barren" E Zone and Chotec Event in the Great Basin. Bulletin of Geosciences 85:1-26. 2010 Oman; Europe Review; Index or Indicator
Sherwood, O. A., B. E. Lapointe, M. J. Risk, and R. E. Jamieson. 2010. Nitrogen Isotopic Records of Terrestrial Pollution Encoded in Floridian and Bahamian Gorgonian Corals. Environmental Science and Technology 44:874-880. 2010 Florida; Bahamas Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sea Turtles; Wastewater Discharge
Singh, S. P., A. Azua, A. Chaudhary, S. Khan, K. L. Willett, and P. R. Gardinali. 2010. Occurrence and distribution of steroids, hormones and selected pharmaceuticals in South Florida coastal environments. Ecotoxicology 19:338-350. 2010 Florida Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Sheehy, D. J. and S. F. Vik. 2010. The role of constructed reefs in non-indigenous species introductions and range expansions. Ecological Engineering 36:1-11. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Review Artificial Habitat; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Skeletal Coral
Wagner, D. E., P. Kramer, and R. van Woesik. 2010. Species composition, habitat, and water quality influence coral bleaching in southern Florida. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:65-78. 2010 Florida Discharges; Hydrocoral; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Svensson, P., L. D. Rodwell, and M. J. Attrill. 2010. The perceptions of local fishermen towards a hotel managed marine reserve in Vietnam. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:114-122. 2010 Vietnam Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas
Lamb, R. W. and D. W. Johnson. 2010. Trophic restructuring of coral reef fish communities in a large marine reserve. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:169-180. 2010 Bahamas Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Rees, S. E., M. J. Attrill, M. C. Austen, S. C. Mangi, J. P. Richards, and L. D. Rodwell. 2010. Is there a win-win scenario for marine nature conservation? A case study of Lyme Bay, England. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:135-145. 2010 England Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Monetary Valuation; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Smith, J. E., C. L. Hunter, and C. M. Smith. 2010. The effects of top-down versus bottom-up control on benthic coral reef community structure. Oecologia 163:497-507. 2010 Global Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Knee, K. L., J. H. Street, E. E. Grossman, A. B. Boehm, and A. Paytan. 2010. Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean from submarine groundwater discharge in a groundwater-dominated system: Relation to land use (Kona coast, Hawaii, USA). Limnology and Oceanography 55:1105-1122. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Discharges; Golf Course Operations; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Beare, D., F. Holker, G. H. Engelhard, E. McKenzie, and D. G. Reid. 2010. An unintended experiment in fisheries science: a marine area protected by war results in Mexican waves in fish numbers-at-age. Naturwissenschaften 97:797-808. 2010 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Osawa, Y., K. Fujita, Y. Umezawa, H. Kayanne, Y. Ide, T. Nagaoka, T. Miyajima, and H. Yamano. 2010. Human impacts on large benthic foraminifers near a densely populated area of Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1279-1287. 2010 Marshall Islands Algae; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Anticamara, J. A., D. Zeller, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2010. Spatial and temporal variation of abundance, biomass and diversity within marine reserves in the Philippines. Diversity and Distributions 16:529-536. 2010 Philippines Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hardiman, N. and S. Burgin. 2010. Recreational impacts on the fauna of Australian coastal marine ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management 91:2096-2108. 2010 Australia; Cuba Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Boating Activities; Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Blanco, A. C., K. Nadaoka, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kinjo. 2010. Dynamic evolution of nutrient discharge under stormflow and baseflow conditions in a coastal agricultural watershed in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan. Hydrological Processes 24:2601-2616. 2010 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cardenas, M. B., P. B. Zamora, F. P. Siringan, M. R. Lapus, R. S. Rodolfo, G. S. Jacinto, M. L. San Diego-McGlone, C. L. Villanoy, O. Cabrera, and M. I. Senal. 2010. Linking regional sources and pathways for submarine groundwater discharge at a reef by electrical resistivity tomography, Rn-222, and salinity measurements. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L16401. 2010 Philippines Discharges; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kazanidis, G., C. Antoniadou, A. P. Lolas, N. Neofitou, D. Vafidis, C. Chintiroglou, and C. Neofitou. 2010. Population dynamics and reproduction of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the Aegean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:895-901. 2010 Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Seagrasses
Scott, C., S. E. Lewis, R. Milla, M. C. Taylor, A. J. W. Rodgers, G. Dumsday, J. E. Brodie, J. G. Oakeshott, and R. J. Russell. 2010. A free-enzyme catalyst for the bioremediation of environmental atrazine contamination. Journal of Environmental Management 91:2075-2078. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Remediation
Hutchison, C. S. and V. R. Vijayan. 2010. What are the Spratly Islands? Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 39:371-385. 2010 Malaysia; China; Vietnam Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Winfree, R. 2010. The conservation and restoration of wild bees. Pages 169-197 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2010. 2010 Global Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Samhouri, J. F., P. S. Levin, and C. H. Ainsworth. 2010. Identifying Thresholds for Ecosystem-Based Management. PLoS One 5:e8907. 2010 Columbia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest
Speed, C. W., I. C. Field, M. G. Meekan, and C. J. A. Bradshaw. 2010. Complexities of coastal shark movements and their implications for management. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:275-U305. 2010 Global Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Salinity
de Juan, S. and J. Lleonart. 2010. A conceptual framework for the protection of vulnerable habitats impacted by fishing activities in the Mediterranean high seas. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:717-723. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Heyman, W. D., L. M. Carr, and P. S. Lobel. 2010. Diver ecotourism and disturbance to reef fish spawning aggregations: It is better to be disturbed than to be dead. Marine Ecology Progress Series 419:201-210. 2010 South & Central America; Belize Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Cummings, D. O., D. J. Booth, R. W. Lee, S. J. Simpson, and A. J. Pile. 2010. Ontogenetic diet shifts in the reef fish Pseudanthias rubrizonatus from isolated populations on the North-West Shelf of Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 419:211-222. 2010 Australia; Indian Ocean; India Artificial Habitat; Fish
Santos, I. R., D. Erler, D. Tait, and B. D. Eyre. 2010. Breathing of a coral cay: Tracing tidally driven seawater recirculation in permeable coral reef sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 115:C12010. 2010 Model Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Scharron, C. E. R. 2010. Sediment production from unpaved roads in a sub-tropical dry setting - Southwestern Puerto Rico. Catena 82:146-158. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Mitigation; Sediment; Transportation Policies
Angel, B. M., L. T. Hales, S. L. Simpson, S. C. Apte, A. A. Chariton, D. A. Shearer, and D. F. Jolley. 2010. Spatial variability of cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc in the Port Curtis Estuary, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:170-183. 2010 Australia Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Murphy, H. M. and G. P. Jenkins. 2010. Observational methods used in marine spatial monitoring of fishes and associated habitats: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:236-252. 2010 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Sarkis, S., P. J. H. VanBeukering, and E. McKenzie, editors. 2010. TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF BERMUDA�S CORAL REEFS: Valuation of Ecosystem Services. Department of Conservation Services, Bermuda. 2010 Bermuda Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Economic Markets & Policies; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Moussa, R. M. 2010. Estimation of the size of lagoon fish sold at the roadside as tui on Moorea Island (French Polynesia) by analysis of digital images. Cybium 34:73-82. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Haisfield, K. M., H. E. Fox, S. Yen, S. Mangubhai, and P. J. Mous. 2010. An ounce of prevention: cost-effectiveness of coral reef rehabilitation relative to enforcement. Conservation Letters 3:243-250. 2010 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Graham, N. A. J., M. D. Spalding, and C. R. C. Sheppard. 2010. Reef shark declines in remote atolls highlight the need for multi-faceted conservation action. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:543-548. 2010 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Wakefield, C. B. 2010. Annual, lunar and diel reproductive periodicity of a spawning aggregation of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) in a marine embayment on the lower west coast of Australia. Journal of Fish Biology 77:1359-1378. 2010 Australia Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton
Launio, C. C., Y. Morooka, H. Aizaki, and Y. Iiguni. 2010. Perceptions of small-scale fishermen on the value of marine resources and protected areas: case of Claveria, Northern Philippines. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 17:401-409. 2010 Philippines Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management
Capezzuto, F., R. Carlucci, P. Maiorano, L. Sion, D. Battista, A. Giove, A. Indennidate, A. Tursi, and G. D'Onghia. 2010. The bathyal benthopelagic fauna in the north-western Ionian Sea: structure, patterns and interactions. Chemistry and Ecology 26:199-217. 2010 Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octopus & Squid
Vietti, R. C., G. Albertelli, S. Aliani, S. Bava, G. Bavestrello, L. B. Cecchi, C. N. Bianchi, E. Bozzo, M. Capello, M. Castellano, C. Cerrano, M. Chiantore, N. Corradi, S. Cocito, L. Cutroneo, G. Diviacco, M. Fabiano, M. Faimali, M. Ferrari, G. P. Gasparini, and Locr. 2010. The Ligurian Sea: present status, problems and perspectives. Chemistry and Ecology 26:319-340. 2010 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Plankton; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins
Mendonca, V. M., M. M. Al Jabri, I. Al Ajmi, M. Al Muharrami, M. Al Areimi, and H. A. Al Aghbari. 2010. Persistent and Expanding Population Outbreaks of the Corallivorous Starfish Acanthaster planci in the Northwestern Indian Ocean: Are They Really a Consequence of Unsustainable Starfish Predator Removal through Overfishing in Coral Reefs, or a Response to. Zoological Studies 49:108-123. 2010 Indian Ocean; India; Oman Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Plankton; Seastars
Selig, E. R. and J. F. Bruno. 2010. A global analysis of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in preventing coral loss. PLoS One 5:e9278. 2010 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Stony Coral
Jiang, Z. X., H. J. Yang, Z. Li, X. Q. Pang, J. F. Han, D. X. Li, and Y. Y. Huang. 2010. Differences of Hydrocarbon Enrichment between the Upper and the Lower Structural Layers in the Tazhong Paleouplift. Acta Geologica Sinica-english Edition 84:1116-1127. 2010 Model
Li, Q. M., G. H. Wu, X. Q. Pang, W. Q. Pan, C. S. Luo, C. L. Wang, X. S. Li, and B. Zhou. 2010. Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions of Ordovician Carbonate in Tarim Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica-english Edition 84:1180-1194. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Tanaka, K., S. Ohde, A. Sakaguchi, C. W. McLeod, and A. G. Cox. 2010. Pb/Ca in Thailand Coral Determined by LA-ICP-MS: Anthropogenic Pb Input of River Run-off into a Coral Reef from Urbanised Areas. Water Air And Soil Pollution 211:211-218. 2010 Thailand Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mapes, R. H., N. H. Landman, K. Cochran, C. Goiran, B. R. de Forges, and A. Renfro. 2010. Early Taphonomy And Significance Of Naturally Submerged Nautilus Shells From The New Caledonia Region. Palaios 25:597-610. 2010 New Caledonia Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Cheng, J. O., Y. M. Cheng, T. H. Chen, P. C. Hsieh, M. D. Fang, C. L. Lee, and F. C. Ko. 2010. A Preliminary Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Distribution in the Kenting Coral Reef Waters of Southern Taiwan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58:489-498. 2010 Taiwan Non-point Source Runoff
Garcon, J. S., A. Grech, J. Moloney, and M. Hamann. 2010. Relative Exposure Index: an important factor in sea turtle nesting distribution. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:140-149. 2010 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Climate; Coastal Development; Sea Turtles
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). CODE 595. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff
Jones, D. L., J. F. Walter, E. N. Brooks, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Connectivity through ontogeny: fish population linkages among mangrove and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:245-258. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Stromberg, S. M., T. Lundalv, and T. J. Goreau. 2010. Suitability of mineral accretion as a rehabilitation method for cold-water coral reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 395:153-161. 2010 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
do Carmo, J. A., C. S. Reis, and H. Freitas. 2010. Working with Nature by Protecting Sand Dunes: Lessons Learned. Journal of Coastal Research 26:1068-1078. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Gilman, E., J. Gearhart, B. Price, S. Eckert, H. Milliken, J. Wang, Y. Swimmer, D. Shiode, O. Abe, S. H. Peckham, M. Chaloupka, M. Hall, J. Mangel, J. Alfaro-Shigueto, P. Dalzell, and A. Ishizaki. 2010. Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 11:57-88. 2010 Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Sea Turtles
Pittman, S. J., C. F. G. Jeffrey, R. Clark, K. Woody, B. D. Herlach, C. Caldow, M. E. Monaco, and R. Appledoorn. 2010. Coral reef ecosystems of Reserva Natural de La Parguera (Puerto Rico): spatial and temporal patterns in fish and benthic communities (2001-2007). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2010. Coral reef local action strategies. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. 2010 Florida Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation
Tims, S. G., S. E. Everett, L. K. Fifield, G. J. Hancock, and R. Bartley. 2010. Plutonium as a tracer of soil and sediment movement in the Herbert River, Australia. Nuclear Instruments & Methods In Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials And Atoms 268:1150-1154. 2010 Australia Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Foley, N. S., V. Kahui, C. W. Armstrong, and T. M. van Rensburg. 2010. Estimating Linkages between Redfish and Cold Water Coral on the Norwegian Coast. Marine Resource Economics 25:105-120. 2010 Norway Model Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
dos Santos, L. N., D. S. Brotto, and I. R. Zalmon. 2010. Fish responses to increasing distance from artificial reefs on the Southeastern Brazilian Coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 386:54-60. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dulf, F. V., M. L. Unguresan, D. C. Vodnar, and C. Socaciu. 2010. Free and Esterified Sterol Distribution in Four Romanian Vegetable Oil. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca 38:91-97. 2010 Oman
Norse, E. A. 2010. Ecosystem-Based Spatial Planning And Management Of Marine Fisheries: Why And How? Bulletin of Marine Science 86:179-195. 2010 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Fujita, R. M., K. T. Honey, A. Morris, J. R. Wilson, and H. Russell. 2010. Cooperative Strategies In Fisheries Management: Integrating Across Scales. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:251-271. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives
Sanchirico, J. N., J. Eagle, S. Palumbi, and B. H. Thompson. 2010. Comprehensive Planning, Dominant-Use Zones, And User Rights: A New Era In Ocean Governance. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:273-285. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management
Kenchington, R. 2010. Strategic Roles Of Marine Protected Areas In Ecosystem Scale Conservation. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:303-313. 2010 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Cote, I. M. and A. Maljkovie. 2010. Predation rates of Indo-Pacific lionfish on Bahamian coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 404:219-225. 2010 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Bahamas; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fish
Sheppard, C., M. Al-Husiani, F. Al-Jamali, F. Al-Yamani, R. Baldwin, J. Bishop, F. Benzoni, E. Dutrieux, N. K. Dulvy, S. R. V. Durvasula, D. A. Jones, R. Loughland, D. Medio, M. Nithyanandan, G. M. Pilling, I. Polikarpov, A. R. G. Price, S. Purkis, B. Riegl, and M. Saburova. 2010. The Gulf: A young sea in decline. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:13-38. 2010 Review Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Shaw, M., M. J. Furnas, K. Fabricius, D. Haynes, S. Carter, G. Eaglesham, and J. F. Mueller. 2010. Monitoring pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:113-122. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Abell, G. C. J., A. T. Revill, C. Smith, A. P. Bissett, J. K. Volkman, and S. S. Robert. 2010. Archaeal ammonia oxidizers and nirS-type denitrifiers dominate sediment nitrifying and denitrifying populations in a subtropical macrotidal estuary. ISME Journal 4:286-300. 2010 Australia Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
White, J. W. 2010. Adapting the steepness parameter from stock-recruit curves for use in spatially explicit models. Fisheries Research 102:330-334. 2010 Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Salomon, A. K., S. K. Gaichas, N. T. Shears, J. E. Smith, E. M. P. Madin, and S. D. Gaines. 2010. Key Features and Context-Dependence of Fishery-Induced Trophic Cascades. Conservation Biology 24:382-394. 2010 Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Aswani, S. and A. Sabetian. 2010. Implications of Urbanization for Artisanal Parrotfish Fisheries in the Western Solomon Islands. Conservation Biology 24:520-530. 2010 Solomon Islands Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Weeks, R., G. R. Russ, A. A. Bucol, and A. C. Alcala. 2010. Shortcuts for marine conservation planning: The effectiveness of socioeconomic data surrogates. Biological Conservation 143:1236-1244. 2010 Philippines Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Johnson, J. E. and D. J. Welch. 2010. Marine Fisheries Management in a Changing Climate: A Review of Vulnerability and Future Options. Reviews in Fisheries Science 18:106-124. 2010 Global Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Ocean Acidity; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Perez, E., A. Ruiz, G. Espinosa, and I. Lee. 2010. Gonadic histology and phenotypical maturation criteria in the marine turtles Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricata (Testudines: Chelonidae) from Cuba. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:287-298. 2010 Cuba Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sea Turtles
McClanahan, T. R., B. Kaunda-Arara, and J. O. Omukoto. 2010. Composition and diversity of fish and fish catches in closures and open-access fisheries of Kenya. Fisheries Management and Ecology 17:63-76. 2010 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Williams, B. and A. G. Grottoli. 2010. Recent shoaling of the nutricline and thermocline in the western tropical Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L22601. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients
Hofmann, M. and H. J. Schellnhuber. 2010. Ocean acidification: a millennial challenge. Energy & Environmental Science 3:1883-1896. 2010 Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity
Bau, M., S. Balan, K. Schmidt, and A. Koschinsky. 2010. Rare earth elements in mussel shells of the Mytilidae family as tracers for hidden and fossil high-temperature hydrothermal systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 299:310-316. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Germany Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges
Frolicher, T. L. and F. Joos. 2010. Reversible and irreversible impacts of greenhouse gas emissions in multi-century projections with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Climate Dynamics 35:1439-1459. 2010 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Jones, K. B., E. T. Slonecker, M. S. Nash, A. C. Neale, T. G. Wade, and S. Hamann. 2010. Riparian habitat changes across the continental United States (1972-2003) and potential implications for sustaining ecosystem services. Landscape Ecology 1-15. 2010 Model; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Wetlands
Taylor, B. M. and J. L. McIlwain. 2010. Beyond abundance and biomass: effects of marine protected areas on the demography of a highly exploited reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:243-258. 2010 Guam Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Foden, J., S. I. Rogers, and A. P. Jones. 2010. Recovery of UK seabed habitats from benthic fishing and aggregate extraction-towards a cumulative impact assessment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 411:259-270. 2010 Europe; England Review; Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Patrick, W. S., P. Spencer, J. Link, J. Cope, J. Field, D. Kobayashi, P. Lawson, T. Gedamke, E. Cortes, O. Ormseth, K. Bigelow, and W. Overholtz. 2010. Using productivity and susceptibility indices to assess the vulnerability of United States fish stocks to overfishing. Fishery Bulletin 108:305-322. 2010 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Cheal, A. J., M. A. MacNeil, E. Cripps, M. J. Emslie, M. Jonker, B. Schaffelke, and H. Sweatman. 2010. Coral-macroalgal phase shifts or reef resilience: links with diversity and functional roles of herbivorous fishes on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 29:1005-1015. 2010 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Coleman, F. C. and C. C. Koenig. 2010. The Effects of Fishing, Climate Change, and Other Anthropogenic Disturbances on Red Grouper and Other Reef Fishes in the Gulf of Mexico. Integrative And Comparative Biology 50:201-212. 2010 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish
Richlen, M. L., S. L. Morton, E. A. Jamali, A. Rajan, and D. M. Anderson. 2010. The catastrophic 2008-2009 red tide in the Arabian gulf region, with observations on the identification and phylogeny of the fish-killing dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Harmful Algae 9:163-172. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Malaysia; United Arab Emirates; Oman; Mexico Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Unsworth, R. K. F., L. C. Cullen, J. N. Pretty, D. J. Smith, and J. J. Bell. 2010. Economic and subsistence values of the standing stocks of seagrass fisheries: Potential benefits of no-fishing marine protected area management. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:218-224. 2010 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. 2010 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Clary, J., Leisenring, M., and Jeray, J. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Pollutant Category Summary: Fecal Indicator Bacteria. Wright Water Engineers. 2010 Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Stone, R., D. White, R. Guest, and B. Francis. 2009. The Virtual Scylla: An exploration of \serious games\", artificial life and simulation complexity". Virtual Reality 13:13-25. 2009 Europe; England Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Climate; Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering; Military; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Mishima, M., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, M. Inoue, T. Okai, and A. Omura. 2009. Reconstruction of the East China Sea palaeoenvironment at 16 ka by comparison of fossil and modern Faviidae corals from the Ryukyus, southwestern Japan. Journal of Quaternary Science 24:928-936. 2009 Japan; China Discharges; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Maughan, M. and J. Brodie. 2009. Reef exposure to river-borne contaminants: a spatial model. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1132-1140. 2009 Australia; Europe Model; GIS & Maps Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
de Loma, T. L., P. Chabanet, J. Ferraris, R. Galzin, and M. Harmelin-Vivien. 2009. Long-term spatiotemporal variations in coral-reef fish community structure and fishing at a South Pacific atoll. Aquatic Living Resources 22:281-290. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Tavares, R. 2009. Analysis Of Abundance, Distribution And Length Of Sharks Caught By Artisanal Fishery In The Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela. Interciencia 34:463-470. 2009 Venezuela Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Climate change and tropical marine agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany 60:2839-2844. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Allman, R. J. and L. A. Goetz. 2009. Regional Variation In The Population Structure Of Gray Snapper, Lutjanus Griseus, Along The West Florida Shelf. Bulletin of Marine Science 84:315-330. 2009 Florida Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Tindall, J. C., P. J. Valdes, and L. C. Sime. 2009. Stable water isotopes in HadCM3: Isotopic signature of El Nino Southern Oscillation and the tropical amount effect. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 114:D04111. 2009 Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff
Sarkar, A., S. Sengupta, J. M. McArthur, P. Ravenscroft, M. K. Bera, R. Bhushan, A. Samanta, and S. Agrawal. 2009. Evolution of Ganges-Brahmaputra western delta plain: clues from sedimentology and carbon isotopes. Quaternary Science Reviews 28:2564-2581. 2009 Global Climate; Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carassou, L., C. Mellin, and D. Ponton. 2009. Assessing the diversity and abundances of larvae and juveniles of coral reef fish: A synthesis of six sampling techniques. Biodiversity and Conservation 18:355-371. 2009 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Buyukutku, A. G. 2009. Reservoir properties of Karaisali{dotless} formation in the Adana Basin, Southern Turkey. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 65:33-44. 2009 Algae; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Brodie, J., S. Lewis, Z. Bainbridge, A. Mitchell, J. Waterhouse, and F. Kroon. 2009. Target setting for pollutant discharge management of rivers in the Great Barrier Reef catchment area. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1141-1149. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roebeling, P. C., M. E. van Grieken, A. J. Webster, J. Biggs, and P. Thorburn. 2009. Cost-effective water quality improvement in linked terrestrial and marine ecosystems: a spatial environmental-economic modelling approach. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1150-1158. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Pait, A.S., C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, D. R. Whitall, S. I. Hartwell, A. L. Mason, and J. D. Christensen. 2009. Chemical contaminants in the coral Porites astreoides from outhwest Puerto Rico. NOS NCCOS 91, Silver Spring, MD. 2009 Puerto Rico Stony Coral; Toxics
Duran, A. and R. Claro. 2009. The feeding activity of herbivorous fishes and their impact on coral reefs with different levels of anthropogenic degradation. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57:687-697. 2009 Cuba Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
Gonzalez-Sanson, G., C. Aguilar, I. Hernandez, Y. Cabrera, N. Suarez-Montes, F. Bretos, and D. Guggenheim. 2009. Natural and human-induced variability in the composition of fish assemblages in the Northwestern Cuban shelf. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57:721-740. 2009 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish
To, A. W. L. and Y. S. de Mitcheson. 2009. Shrinking baseline: the growth in juvenile fisheries, with the Hong Kong grouper fishery as a case study. Fish and Fisheries 10:396-407. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Takesue, R. K., M. H. Bothner, and R. L. Reynolds. 2009. Sources of land-derived runoff to a coral reef-fringed embayment identified using geochemical tracers in nearshore sediment traps. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 85:459-471. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Trigg, C. and C. G. Moore. 2009. Recovery of the biogenic nest habitat of Limaria hians (Mollusca: Limacea) following anthropogenic disturbance. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 82:351-356. 2009 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Molluscs; Sediment
Cinner, J. E., T. R. McClanahan, N. A. J. Graham, M. S. Pratchett, S. K. Wilson, and J.-B. Raina. 2009. Gear-based fisheries management as a potential adaptive response to climate change and coral mortality. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:724-732. 2009 Kenya; Papua New Guinea Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Shaw, M., A. Negri, K. Fabricius, and J. F. Mueller. 2009. Predicting water toxicity: Pairing passive sampling with bioassays on the Great Barrier Reef. Aquatic Toxicology 95:108-116. 2009 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral
Aguilar-Perera, A., C. Gonzalez-Salas, A. Tuz-Sulub, and H. Villegas-Hernandez. 2009. Fishery of the Goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara (Teleostei: Epinephelidae) based on local ecological knowledge and fishery records in Yucatan, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 57:557-566. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Sanchirico, J. N. and P. Mumby. 2009. Mapping ecosystem functions to the valuation of ecosystem services: Implications of species-habitat associations for coastal land-use decisions. Theoretical Ecology 2:67-77. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Bramanti, L., M. Iannelli, and G. Santangelo. 2009. Mathematical modelling for conservation and management of gorgonians corals: youngs and olds, could they coexist? Ecological Modelling 220:2851-2856. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Plankton
Little, L. R., A. E. Punt, B. D. Mapstone, G. A. Begg, B. Goldman, and A. J. Williams. 2009. An agent-based model for simulating trading of multi-species fisheries quota. Ecological Modelling 220:3404-3412. 2009 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Watanabe, S., A. Metaxas, J. Sameoto, and P. Lawton. 2009. Patterns in abundance and size of two deep-water gorgonian octocorals, in relation to depth and substrate features off Nova Scotia. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56:2235-2248. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Substrate
Zhou, X. Y., Z. M. Wang, H. J. Yang, L. J. Zhang, J. F. Han, and Z. Y. Wang. 2009. Large-scale Tazhong Ordovician Reef-flat Oil-Gas Field in the Tarim Basin of China. Acta Geologica Sinica-english Edition 83:179-188. 2009 China
Nelson, W. A. 2009. Calcified macroalgae - critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:787-801. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; CO2; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Di Franco, A., S. Bussotti, A. Navone, P. Panzalis, and P. Guidetti. 2009. Evaluating effects of total and partial restrictions to fishing on Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 387:275-285. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Baskett, M. L., S. D. Gaines, and R. M. Nisbet. 2009. Symbiont diversity may help coral reefs survive moderate climate change. Ecological Applications 19:17-Mar. 2009 Model Algae; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Zooxanthellae
Wei, G., M. T. McCulloch, G. Mortimer, W. Deng, and L. Xie. 2009. Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:2332-2346. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Williams, J. S., C. D. White, and F. J. Longstaffe. 2009. Maya marine subsistence: Isotopic evidence from Marco Gonzalez and San Pedro, Belize. Latin American Antiquity 20:37-56. 2009 South & Central America; Belize Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Wehrmann, L. M., S. P. Templer, L. Maignien, S. M. Bernasconi, B. Brunner, and T. G. Ferdelman. 2009. The imprint of methane seepage on geochemical processes in cold-water coral mounds on Pen Duick Escarpment, Gulf of Cadiz. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:A1424-A1424. 2009
Hale, J. and E. F. Durkee. 2009. Smallest Philippine block has shallow gas, deep reef potential. Oil and Gas Journal 107:36-40. 2009 Philippines Petroleum Spills
Cinner, J. E., T. Daw, and T. R. McClanahan. 2009. Socioeconomic factors that affect artisanal fishers' readiness to exit a declining fishery. Conservation Biology 23:124-130. 2009 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing
Wolanski, E., J. A. Martinez, and R. H. Richmond. 2009. Quantifying the impact of watershed urbanization on a coral reef: Maunalua Bay, Hawaii. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:259-268. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Martin-Smith, K. 2009. A Risk-Management Framework For Avoiding Significant Adverse Impacts Of Bottom Fishing Gear On Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Ccamlr Science 16:177-193. 2009 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Marine Birds; Scientific Research; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Georgiadis, M., G. Papatheodorou, E. Tzanatos, M. Geraga, A. Ramfos, C. Koutsikopoulos, and G. Ferentinos. 2009. Coralligene formations in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: Morphology, distribution, mapping and relation to fisheries in the southern Aegean Sea (Greece) based on high-resolution acoustics. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 368:44-58. 2009 GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Clark, M. R. and A. A. Rowden. 2009. Effect of deepwater trawling on the macro-invertebrate assemblages of seamounts on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56:1540-1554. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Brierley, A. S. and M. J. Kingsford. 2009. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems. Current Biology 19:R602-R614. 2009 Global Review Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Downs, C. A., E. Kramarsky-Winter, C. M. Woodley, A. Downs, G. Winters, Y. Loya, and G. K. Ostrander. 2009. Cellular pathology and histopathology of hypo-salinity exposure on the coral Stylophora pistillata. Science of the Total Environment 407:4838-4851. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
Waycott, M., C. M. Duarte, T. J. B. Carruthers, R. J. Orth, W. C. Dennison, S. Olyarnik, A. Calladine, J. W. Fourqurean, K. L. Heck, A. R. Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, W. J. Kenworthy, F. T. Short, and S. L. Williams. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:12377-12381. 2009 Global Climate; Coastal Development; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Sonnenholzner, J. I., L. B. Ladah, and K. D. Lafferty. 2009. Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities: Reanalysis using corrected data. Marine Ecology Progress Series 375:209-218. 2009 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
Langhamer, O., D. Wilhelmsson, and J. Engstrom. 2009. Artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power foundations and buoys - a pilot study. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 82:426-432. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates
Dung, L. D. 2009. Nha Trang Bay marine protected area, Vietnam: Initial trends in coral structure and some preliminary linkages between these trends and human activities (2002-2005). Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:249-257. 2009 Vietnam Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Du, C. G., F. Hao, H. Y. Zou, Y. M. Zhu, X. Y. Cai, and C. W. Wang. 2009. Process and mechanism for oil and gas accumulation, adjustment and reconstruction in Puguang Gas Field, Northeast Sichuan Basin, China. Science In China Series D-earth Sciences 52:1400-1411. 2009 China Index or Indicator
Makarow, M., R. Ceulemans, and L. Horn. 2009. Science Policy Briefing: Impacts of Ocean Acidification. 37, European Science Foundation, France. 2009 Global; Europe Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Ocean Acidity
deGroot, R. S., R. Alkemade, L. Braat, L. Hein, and L. Willemen. 2009. Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological Complexity (inpress). 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Valuation
Abu-Hilal, A. and T. Al-Najjar. 2009. Marine litter in coral reef areas along the Jordan Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of Environmental Management 90:1043-1049. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Littering; Marine Debris; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Maliao, R. J., A. T. White, A. P. Maypa, and R. G. Turingan. 2009. Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis. Coral Reefs 28:809-822. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Mertz-Kraus, R., T. C. Brachert, M. Reuter, S. J. G. Galer, C. Fassoulas, and G. Iliopoulos. 2009. Late Miocene sea surface salinity variability and paleoclimate conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean inferred from coral aragonite delta O-18. Chemical Geology 262:202-216. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Iceland Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Negri, A. and P. Marshall. 2009. TBT contamination of remote marine environments: Ship groundings and ice-breakers as sources of organotins in the Great Barrier Reef and Antarctica. Journal of Environmental Management 90. 2009 Australia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Andersson, M. H., M. Berggren, D. Wilhelmsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2009. Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment. Helgoland Marine Research 12-Jan. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Tunicates
Wooldridge, S. A. 2009. Water quality and coral bleaching thresholds: Formalising the linkage for the inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:745-751. 2009 Global; Australia Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Stelzenmuller, V., F. Maynou, and P. Martin. 2009. Patterns of species and functional diversity around a coastal marine reserve: a fisheries perspective. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:554-565. 2009 Spain GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting
Chimetto, L. A., M. Brocchi, M. Gondo, C. C. Thompson, B. Gomez-Gil, and F. L. Thompson. 2009. Genomic diversity of vibrios associated with the Brazilian coral Mussismilia hispida and its sympatric zoanthids (Palythoa caribaeorum, Palythoa variabilis and Zoanthus solanderi). Journal of Applied Microbiology 106:1818-1826. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Deforestation & Devegetation; Microorganisms
Pistortus, P. A. and F. E. Taylor. 2009. Declining catch rates of reef fish in Aldabra's marine protected area. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:S2-S9. 2009 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Rasheed, M., E. El-Hihi, S. Al-Rousan, and A. Abu-Hilal. 2009. Chemical evaluation of sand material sources for beach replenishment along the coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Chemistry and Ecology 25:371-384. 2009 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients
Malecha, P. W. and R. P. Stone. 2009. Response of the sea whip Halipteris willemoesi to simulated trawl disturbance and its vulnerability to subsequent predation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 388:197-206. 2009 Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Silva, I. R., J. C. Rossi, H. M. Nascimento, and T. G. Siqueira. 2009. Geoenvironmental Characterization and Urbanization of the Beaches on the Islands of Tinhare and Boipeba, South Coast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 1297-1300. 2009 Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Stallings, C. D. 2009. Predator identity and recruitment of coral-reef fishes: Indirect effects of fishing. Marine Ecology Progress Series 383:251-259. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Clemente, S., J. C. Hernandez, and A. Brito. 2009. Evidence of the top-down role of predators in structuring sublittoral rocky-reef communities in a marine protected area and nearby areas of the Canary Islands. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:64-71. 2009 Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
King, J. N., A. J. Mehta, and R. G. Dean. 2009. Generalized analytical model for benthic water flux forced by surface gravity waves. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 114:C04004. 2009 Lab Study; Model Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dinsdale, E. A. 2009. Linking ecological and perceptual assessments for environmental management: a coral reef case study. Ecology and Society 14:28. 2009 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Stony Coral
Lee, T.-G., K. Lee, J. R. Hein, and J.-W. Moon. 2009. Geophysical investigation of seamounts near the Ogasawara fracture zone, western Pacific. Earth, Planets and Space 61:319-331. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Marshall Islands Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kroon, F. J. and J. Brodie. 2009. Catchment management and health of coastal ecosystems: synthesis and future research. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1196-1200. 2009 Global; Australia Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Mamauag, S. S., P. M. Alino, R. O. M. Gonzales, and M. R. Deocadez. 2009. Patterns of Demersal Fish Distribution Derived from Line Fishing Experiment in Calauag Bay, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:370-387. 2009 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Ito, Y., H. Miura, K. Nakamura, and T. Yoshida. 2009. Behavior properties of Jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus using ultrasonic biotelemetry in artificial reef off the coast of Hamochi, Sado Island, the Sea of Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 75:1019-1026. 2009 Japan Artificial Habitat; Fish
Soto, I., S. Andrefouet, C. Hu, F. E. Muller-Karger, C. C. Wall, J. Sheng, and B. G. Hatcher. 2009. Physical connectivity in the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System inferred from 9 years of ocean color observations. Coral Reefs 28:415-425. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Caribbean; Mexico Model; Remote Sensing Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral Reefs Threats and Conservation in an Era of Global Change. Pages 136-186 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2009. 2009 Global; Florida Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Haas, A., C. T. S. Little, H. Sahling, G. Bohrmann, T. Himmler, and J. Peckmann. 2009. Mineralization of vestimentiferan tubes at methane seeps on the Congo deep-sea fan. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56:283-293. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Sediment
Nelson, D.M., T. Haverland, and E. Finnen. 2009. EcoGIS - GIS Tools for Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries Management. Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 75, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring (MD, USA). 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Obura, D. O. and G. Grimsditch. 2009. Resilience Assessment of Coral Reefs Rapid assessment protocol for coral reefs, focusing on coral bleaching and thermal stress. IUCN working group on Climate Change and Coral Reefs, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Oliver, L. M. and W. S. Fisher, editors. 2009. APM 289: Report on effects of UV radiation, temperature and nutrients on South Florida corals. US EPA Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, (FL, USA). 2009 Global; Florida Algae; Climate; Light; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Sediment; Stony Coral
Strain, E. M. A. and C. R. Johnson. 2009. Competition between an invasive urchin and commercially fished abalone: Effect on body condition, reproduction and survivorship. Marine Ecology Progress Series 377:169-182. 2009 Australia Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species
Rathakrishnan, T., M. Ramasubramanian, N. Anandaraja, N. Suganthi, and S. Anitha. 2009. Traditional fishing practices followed by fisher folks of Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal Of Traditional Knowledge 8:543-547. 2009 Global; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Wetlands
Carr, L. M. and W. D. Heyman. 2009. Jamaica bound? Marine resources and management at a crossroads in Antigua and Barbuda. Geographical Journal 175:17-38. 2009 South & Central America; Jamaica; Antigua; Barbuda; Caribbean Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Cushman, E. L., N. K. Jue, A. E. Strand, and E. E. Sotka. 2009. Evaluating the demographic significance of genetic homogeneity using a coalescent-based simulation: a case study with gag (Mycteroperca microlepis). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66:1821-1830. 2009 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Model Finfish Harvest
Singh, S., W. G. L. Aalbersberg, and R. J. Morrison. 2009. Nutrient Pollution in Laucala Bay, Fiji Islands. Water Air And Soil Pollution 204:363-372. 2009 Fiji Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Kamal, A. H. and M. A. A. Khan. 2009. Coastal and estuarine resources of Bangladesh: management conservation issues. Maejo International Journal Of Science And Technology 3:313-342. 2009 Discharges; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Himmelman, J. H., H. E. Guderley, and P. F. Duncan. 2009. Responses of the saucer scallop Amusium balloti to potential predators. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 378:58-61. 2009 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seastars; Sediment
Liu, J., Y. Saito, H. Wang, L. Y. Zhou, and Z. G. Yang. 2009. Stratigraphic development during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene offshore of the Yellow River delta, Bohai Sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 36:318-331. 2009 Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
de Voogd, N. J., L. E. Becking, and D. F. R. Cleary. 2009. Sponge community composition in the Derawan Islands, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 396:169-180. 2009 Java; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bell, J. D., E. Clua, C. A. Hair, R. Galzin, and P. J. Doherty. 2009. The Capture and Culture of Post-Larval Fish and Invertebrates for the Marine Ornamental Trade. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:223-240. 2009 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Plankton; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zielinski, F. U., A. Pernthaler, S. Duperron, L. Raggi, O. Giere, C. Borowski, and N. Dubilier. 2009. Widespread occurrence of an intranuclear bacterial parasite in vent and seep bathymodiolin mussels. Environmental Microbiology 11:1150-1167. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Bivalves; Echinoderms; Sponges
Sabater, M. G. and B. P. Carroll. 2009. Trends in Reef Fish Population and Associated Fishery after Three Millennia of Resource Utilization and a Century of Socio-Economic Changes in American Samoa. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:318-335. 2009 Samoa; American Samoa Review Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Rathburn, A. E., L. A. Levin, M. Tryon, J. M. Gieskes, J. M. Martin, M. E. Perez, F. J. Fodrie, C. Neira, G. J. Fryer, G. Mendoza, P. A. McMillan, J. Kluesner, J. Adamic, and W. Ziebis. 2009. Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian margin (1965-4822 m). Progress in Oceanography 80:22-50. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Microorganisms; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Scoon, R. N. and A. A. Mitchell. 2009. A Multi-Stage Orthomagmatic And Partial Melting Hypothesis For The Driekop Platiniferous Dunite Pipe, Eastern Limb Of The Bushveld Complex, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 112:163-186. 2009 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Morgan, O. A., D. M. Massey, and W. L. Huth. 2009. Diving demand for large ship artificial reefs. Marine Resource Economics 24:43-59. 2009 Model Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Large Ships; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Leitao, F., M. N. Santos, K. Erzini, and C. C. Monteiro. 2009. Diplodus spp. assemblages on artificial reefs: Importance for near shore fisheries. Fisheries Management and Ecology 16:88-99. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wallace, B. P., L. Avens, J. Braun-McNeill, and C. M. McClellan. 2009. The diet composition of immature loggerheads: Insights on trophic niche, growth rates, and fisheries interactions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 373:50-57. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Collen, J. D., D. W. Garton, and J. P. A. Gardner. 2009. Shoreline Changes and Sediment Redistribution at Palmyra Atoll (Equatorial Pacific Ocean): 1874-Present. Journal of Coastal Research 25:711-722. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Palmyra Atoll Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Military; Sediment
Risk, M. J., O. A. Sherwood, R. Nairn, and C. Gibbons. 2009. Tracking the record of sewage discharge off Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, since 1950, using stable isotope records from antipatharians. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:219-226. 2009 Saudi Arabia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Wastewater Discharge
Woodby, D., D. Carlile, and L. Hulbert. 2009. Predictive modeling of coral distribution in the Central Aleutian Islands, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:227-240. 2009 Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Althaus, F., A. Williams, T. A. Schlacher, R. J. Kloser, M. A. Green, B. A. Barker, N. J. Bax, P. Brodie, and M. A. Schlacher-Hoenlinger. 2009. Impacts of bottom trawling on deep-coral ecosystems of seamounts are long-lasting. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:279-294. 2009 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Heifetz, J., R. P. Stone, and S. K. Shotwell. 2009. Damage and disturbance to coral and sponge habitat of the Aleutian Archipelago. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:295-303. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Stallings, C. D. 2009. Predator identity and recruitment of coral-reef fishes: indirect effects of fishing. Marine Ecology Progress Series 383:251-259. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Brandano, M., V. Frezza, L. Tomassetti, and M. Cuffaro. 2009. Heterozoan carbonates in oligotrophic tropical waters: The Attard member of the lower coralline limestone formation (Upper Oligocene, Malta). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 274:54-63. 2009 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment
Hughes, A. O., J. M. Olley, J. C. Croke, and L. A. McKergow. 2009. Sediment source changes over the last 250 years in a dry-tropical catchment, central Queensland, Australia. Geomorphology 104:262-275. 2009 Australia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Mitigation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Coulson, P. G., S. A. Hesp, N. G. Hall, and I. C. Potter. 2009. The western blue groper (Achoerodus gouldii), a protogynous hermaphroditic labrid with exceptional longevity, late maturity, slow growth, and both late maturation and sex change. Fishery Bulletin 107:57-75. 2009 Australia Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Silvano, R. A. M., M. Ramires, and J. Zuanon. 2009. Effects of fisheries management on fish communities in the floodplain lakes of a Brazilian Amazonian Reserve. Ecology Of Freshwater Fish 18:156-166. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Uthicke, S., B. Schaffelke, and M. Byrne. 2009. A boom-bust phylum? Ecological and evolutionary consequences of density variations in echinoderms. Ecological Monographs 79:3-24. 2009 Global Review; Model Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Nutrients; Pathogens; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Seastars
Ramos, R., R. Cipriani, H. M. Guzman, and E. Garcia. 2009. Chronology of mercury enrichment factors in reef corals from western Venezuela. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:222-229. 2009 Venezuela Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Toxics
Parks, N. 2009. Is regulation on ocean acidification on the horizon? Environmental Science and Technology 6118-6119. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Levin, P. S., I. Kaplan, R. Grober-Dunsmore, P. M. Chittaro, S. Oyamada, K. Andrews, and M. Mangel. 2009. A framework for assessing the biodiversity and fishery aspects of marine reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:735-742. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Molloy, P. P., I. B. McLean, and I. M. Cote. 2009. Effects of marine reserve age on fish populations: a global meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:743-751. 2009 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Davies, T. E., N. Beanjara, and T. Tregenza. 2009. A socio-economic perspective on gear-based management in an artisanal fishery in south-west Madagascar. Fisheries Management and Ecology 16:279-289. 2009 Madagascar Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cooley, S. R. and S. C. Doney. 2009. Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries. Environmental Research Letters 4:24007. 2009 Review; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Munoz, P. D., M. Sayago-Gil, J. Cristobo, S. Parra, A. Serrano, V. D. del Rio, T. Patrocinio, M. Sacau, F. J. Murillo, D. Palomino, and L. M. Fernandez-Salas. 2009. Seabed mapping for selecting cold-water coral protection areas on Hatton Bank, Northeast Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:2013-2025. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sediment
Redman, R. A. and S. T. Szedlmayer. 2009. The effects of epibenthic communities on reef fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Management and Ecology 16:360-367. 2009 South & Central America; Cuba; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Harborne, A. R., P. G. Renaud, E. H. M. Tyler, and P. J. Mumby. 2009. Reduced density of the herbivorous urchin Diadema antillarum inside a Caribbean marine reserve linked to increased predation pressure by fishes. Coral Reefs 9-Jan. 2009 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
Lopez-Rivera, M. D. and A. M. Sabat. 2009. Effects of a marine fishery reserve and habitat characteristics in the abundance and demography of the red hind grouper, Epinephelus guttatus. Caribbean Journal of Science 45:348-362. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Coles, R., L. McKenzie, G. De'ath, A. Roelofs, and W. L. Long. 2009. Spatial distribution of deepwater seagrass in the inter-reef lagoon of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Marine Ecology Progress Series 392:57-68. 2009 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Point Source Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Molloy, P. P., J. D. Reynolds, M. J. G. Gage, and I. M. Cote. 2009. Effects of an artisanal fishery on non-spawning grouper populations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 392:253-262. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Basti, D., I. Bricknell, D. Beane, and D. Bouchard. 2009. Recovery from a near-lethal exposure to ultraviolet-C radiation in a scleractinian coral. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 101:43-48. 2009 Light; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Keller, B. D., D. F. Gleason, E. McLeod, C. M. Woodley, S. Airame, B. D. Causey, A. M. Friedlander, R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. E. Johnson, S. L. Miller, and R. S. Steneck. 2009. Climate Change, Coral Reef Ecosystems, and Management Options for Marine Protected Areas. Environmental Management 44:1069-1088. 2009 Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mooney, H., A. Larigauderie, M. Cesario, T. Elmquist, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, S. Lavorel, G. M. Mace, M. Palmer, R. Scholes, and T. Yahara. 2009. Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability 1:46-54. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kundzewicz, Z. W. and P. Doll. 2009. Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change? Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques 54:665-675. 2009 Global Climate; Drinking Water Supply; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level
Andersson, M. H., M. Berggren, D. Wilhelmsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2009. Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment. Helgoland Marine Research 63:249-260. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Tunicates
Mertz-Kraus, R., T. C. Brachert, M. Reuter, S. J. G. Galer, C. Fassoulas, and G. Iliopoulos. 2009. Late Miocene sea surface salinity variability and paleoclimate conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean inferred from coral aragonite δ18O. Chemical Geology 262:202-216. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Iceland Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Larsen, M. C. and R. M. T. Webb. 2009. Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico. Journal of Coastal Research 25:189-208. 2009 Puerto Rico Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McClanahan, T. R., E. Weil, and J. Maina. 2009. Strong relationship between coral bleaching and growth anomalies in massive Porites. Global Change Biology 15:1804-1816. 2009 Kenya Model Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Rushdi, A. I., T. A. T. A. Kassim, and B. R. T. Simoneit. 2009. Organic tracers in sediments from the coastal zone of Ras Abu el-Darag, Gulf of Suez. Environmental Geology 58:1675-1687. 2009 Index or Indicator Cleaner & Solvent Use; Sediment
Snelgrove, P. V. R., R. Petrecca, K. I. Stocks, C. Van Dover, and C. A. Zimmer. 2009. A mosaic of diverse ideas: The ecological legacy of J. Frederick Grassle. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56:1571-1576. 2009 Global Review; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Infrastructure; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Hall-Spencer, J. M., M. Tasker, M. Soffker, S. Christiansen, S. Rogers, M. Campbell, and K. Hoydal. 2009. Design of Marine Protected Areas on high seas and territorial waters of Rockall Bank. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:305-308. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Parker, S. J., A. J. Penney, and M. R. Clark. 2009. Detection criteria for managing trawl impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems in high seas fisheries of the South Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:309-317. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Model; Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Hourigan, T. F. 2009. Managing fishery impacts on deep-water coral ecosystems of the USA: emerging best practices. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:333-340. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Penney, A. J., S. J. Parker, and J. H. Brown. 2009. Protection measures implemented by New Zealand for vulnerable marine ecosystems in the South Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:341-354. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Pacific Ocean Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Perkol-Finkel, S. and Y. Benayahu. 2009. The role of differential survival patterns in shaping coral communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 369:7-Jan. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Burt, J., A. Bartholomew, P. Usseglio, A. Bauman, and P. F. Sale. 2009. Are artificial reefs surrogates of natural habitats for corals and fish in Dubai, United Arab Emirates? Coral Reefs 13-Jan. 2009 United Arab Emirates Artificial Habitat; Fish; Shoreline Protection
Merino-Tome, O., J. R. Bahamonde, E. Samankassou, and E. Villa. 2009. The influence of terrestrial run off on marine biotic communities: An example from a thrust-top carbonate ramp (Upper Pennsylvanian foreland basin, Picos de Europa, NW Spain). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 278:23-Jan. 2009 Spain Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Cyanobacteria; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Barber, J. S., D. M. Chosid, R. P. Glenn, and K. A. Whitmore. 2009. A systematic model for artificial reef site selection. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:283-297. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mitigation; Substrate
Forcada, A., C. Valle, P. Bonhomme, G. Criquet, G. Cadiou, P. Lenfant, and J. L. Sanchez-Lizaso. 2009. Effects of habitat on spillover from marine protected areas to artisanal fisheries. Marine Ecology Progress Series 379:197-211. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Arkema, K. K., D. C. Reed, and S. C. Schroeter. 2009. Direct and indirect effects of giant kelp determine benthic community structure and dynamics. Ecology 90:3126-3137. 2009 Model Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Light; Sea Urchins
Yanez, E., C. Silva, R. Vega, F. Espindola, L. Alvarez, N. Silva, S. Palma, S. Salinas, E. Menschel, V. Haussermann, D. Soto, and N. Ramirez. 2009. Seamounts in the southeastern Pacific Ocean and biodiversity on Juan Fernandez seamounts, Chile. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 37:555-570. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Review Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Plankton; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Selkoe, K. A., B. S. Halpern, C. M. Ebert, E. C. Franklin, E. R. Selig, K. S. Casey, J. Bruno, and R. J. Toonen. 2009. A map of human impacts to a "pristine" coral reef ecosystem, the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. Coral Reefs 16-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Climate; Finfish Harvest; Light; Marine Debris; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kragt, M. E., P. C. Roebeling, and A. Ruijs. 2009. Effects of Great Barrier Reef degradation on recreational reef-trip demand: A contingent behaviour approach. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 53:213-229. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Gotz, A., S. E. Kerwath, C. G. Attwood, and W. H. H. Sauer. 2009. Effects of fishing on a temperate reef community in South Africa 1: ichthyofauna. African Journal of Marine Science 31:241-251. 2009 Oman; South Africa Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. 2009. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59:72-86. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gotz, A., S. E. Kerwath, C. G. Attwood, and W. H. H. Sauer. 2009. Effects of fishing on a temperate reef community in South Africa 2: benthic invertebrates and algae. African Journal of Marine Science 31:253-262. 2009 Oman; South Africa Algae; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
Hoeksema, B. W. and E. G. L. Koh. 2009. Depauperation Of The Mushroom Coral Fauna (Fungiidae) Of Singapore (1860S-2006) In Changing Reef Conditions. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 91-101. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Deforestation & Devegetation; Stony Coral
Punt, M. J., R. A. Groeneveld, E. C. van Ierland, and J. H. Stel. 2009. Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection? Ecological Economics 69:93-103. 2009 Model Artificial Habitat
Grunewald, N. and S. Alban. 2009. Optimized and Standardized Isolation and Structural Characterization of Anti-inflammatory Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Red Alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae). Biomacromolecules 10:2998-3008. 2009 Algae; Artificial Habitat
Cinner, J. E., T. R. McClanahan, N. A. J. Graham, M. S. Pratchett, S. K. Wilson, and J. B. Raina. 2009. Gear-based fisheries management as a potential adaptive response to climate change and coral mortality. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:724-732. 2009 Kenya; Papua New Guinea Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Riegl, B., S. J. Purkis, J. Keck, and G. P. Rowlands. 2009. Monitored and modeled coral population dynamics and the refuge concept. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:24-38. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Juan-Jorda, M. J., J. A. Barth, M. E. Clarke, and W. W. Wakefield. 2009. Groundfish species associations with distinct oceanographic habitats in the Northern California Current. Fisheries Oceanography 18:1-19. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Peters, H. and J. P. Hawkins. 2009. Access to marine parks: A comparative study in willingness to pay. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:219-228. 2009 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Hardt, M. J. 2009. Lessons from the past: The collapse of Jamaican coral reefs. Fish and Fisheries 10:143-158. 2009 South & Central America; Jamaica; Columbia; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Walton, R. S. and H. M. Hunter. 2009. Isolating the water quality responses of multiple land uses from stream monitoring data through model calibration. Journal of Hydrology 378:29-45. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Downs, C. A., E. Kramarsky-Winter, C. M. Woodley, A. Downs, G. Winters, Y. Loya, and G. K. Ostrander. 2009. Cellular pathology and histopathology of hypo-salinity exposure on the coral Stylophora pistillata. Science of the Total Environment 407:4838-4851. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
Elmhirst, T., S. R. Connolly, and T. P. Hughes. 2009. Connectivity, regime shifts and the resilience of coral reefs. Coral Reefs 28:949-957. 2009 Model Algae; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Currie, D. R. and S. J. Sorokin. 2009. Evaluating the effects of reserve closure on algae, invertebrate and fish assemblages at a temperate South Australian marine reserve. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 11-Jan. 2009 Australia Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates
Recio, J. and H. Oumeraci. 2009. Process based stability formulae for coastal structures made of geotextile sand containers. Coastal Engineering 56:632-658. 2009 Model Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection
Jennings, S. and R. W. Wilson. 2009. Fishing impacts on the marine inorganic carbon cycle. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:976-982. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Sheikh, M. A., H. Fujimura, T. Miyagi, Y. Uechi, T. Yokota, S. Yasumura, and T. Oomori. 2009. Detection and ecological threats of PSII herbicide diuron on coral reefs around the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1922-1926. 2009 Japan Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
van Herwerden, L., W. J. Aspden, S. J. Newman, G. G. Pegg, L. Briskey, and W. Sinclair. 2009. A comparison of the population genetics of Lethrinus miniatus and Lutjanus sebae from the east and west coasts of Australia: Evidence for panmixia and isolation. Fisheries Research 100:148-155. 2009 Australia Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Negri, A. P., R. M. Soo, F. Flores, and N. S. Webster. 2009. Bacillus Insecticides are not Acutely Harmful to Corals and Sponges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 381:157-165. 2009 Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sponges; Stony Coral
Calo, C. F. F., A. Schiavetti, and M. Cetra. 2009. Local ecological and taxonomic knowledge of snapper fish (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) held by fishermen in Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 7:403-414. 2009 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nguyen, H. Y. T., O. Pedersen, K. Ikejima, K. Sunada, and S. Oishi. 2009. Using reefcheck monitoring database to develop the coral reef index of biological integrity. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 4:90-102. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Small Boats; Stony Coral
Maher, B. A., S. J. Watkins, G. Brunskill, J. Alexander, and C. R. Fielding. 2009. Sediment provenance in a tropical fluvial and marine context by magnetic 'fingerprinting' of transportable sand fractions. Sedimentology 56:841-861. 2009 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Becker, E. L., E. E. Cordes, S. A. Macko, and C. R. Fisher. 2009. Importance of seep primary production to Lophelia pertusa and associated fauna in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 56:786-800. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Snails & Conch
Koldewey, H. J., J. Atkinson, and A. Debney. 2009. Threatened species on the menu? Towards sustainable seafood use in zoos and aquariums. International Zoo Yearbook 43:71-81. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Wetlands
Wehrmann, L. M., N. J. Knab, H. Pirlet, V. Unnithan, C. Wild, and T. G. Ferdelman. 2009. Carbon mineralization and carbonate preservation in modern cold-water coral reef sediments on the Norwegian shelf. Biogeosciences 6:663-680. 2009 Model Sediment
Lachica-Alino, L., L. T. David, M. Wolff, P. M. Alino, and M. C. G. Ranola. 2009. Distributional Patterns, Habitat Overlap and Trophic Interactions of Species Caught by Trawling in the Ragay Gulf, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:46-65. 2009 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Octopus & Squid; Plankton; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics
Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions. 2009 Southeast Asia; Europe Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance
Duzbastilar, F. O. and U. Senturk. 2009. Determining the weights of two types of artificial reefs required to resist wave action in different water depths and bottom slopes. Ocean Engineering 36:900-913. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Water Depth & Sea Level
Paddack, M. J., J. D. Reynolds, C. Aguilar, R. S. Appeldoorn, J. Beets, E. W. Burkett, P. M. Chittaro, K. Clarke, R. Esteves, A. C. Fonseca, G. E. Forrester, A. M. Friedlander, J. Garcia-Sais, G. Gonzalez-Sanson, L. K.B. Jordan, D. B. McClellan, M. W. Miller, P. P. Molloy, P. J. Mumby, I. Nagelkerken, M. Nemeth, R. Navas-Camacho, J. Pitt, N. V.C. Polunin, M. C. Reyes-Nivia, D. R. Robertson, A. Rodriguez-Ramirez, E. Salas, S. R. Smith, R. E. Spieler, M. A. Steele, I. D. Williams, C. L. Wormald, A. R. Watkinson, and I. M. Cote. 2009. Recent region-wide declines in Caribbean Reef Fish Abundance. Current Biology 19:590-595. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Batista, J. B., R. M. V. Leonel, and M. A. J. Costa. 2009. Population characteristics of Microphrys bicornutus (Brachyura, Mithracidae) on the phytal Halimeda opuntia (Chlorophyta, Halimedaceae), on reef area submitted to human visitation, in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil. Iheringia Serie Zoologia 99:44-52. 2009 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Salinity; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Cupido, R., S. Cocito, M. Barsanti, S. Sgorbini, A. Peirano, and G. Santangelo. 2009. Unexpected long-term population dynamics in a canopy-forming gorgonian coral following mass mortality. Marine Ecology Progress Series 394:195-200. 2009 Global Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Octocoral; Sediment
Barnes, D. K. A. and K. A. Rawlinson. 2009. Traditional coastal invertebrate fisheries in south-western Madagascar. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89:1589-1596. 2009 Madagascar Echinoderms; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid
Guillemot, N., M. Leopold, M. Cuif, and P. Chabanet. 2009. Characterization and management of informal fisheries confronted with socio-economic changes in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Fisheries Research 98:51-61. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Lewis, S. E., J. E. Brodie, Z. T. Bainbridge, K. W. Rohde, A. M. Davis, B. L. Masters, M. Maughan, M. J. Devlin, J. F. Mueller, and B. Schaffelke. 2009. Herbicides: A new threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Pollution 157:2470-2484. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
ten Voorde, M., J. S. A. do Carmo, and M. G. Neves. 2009. Designing a Preliminary Multifunctional Artificial Reef to Protect the Portuguese Coast. Journal of Coastal Research 25:69-79. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
White, C. 2009. Density dependence and the economic efficacy of marine reserves. Theoretical Ecology 2:127-138. 2009 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Oakes, C. T. and D. J. Pondella II. 2009. The value of a net-cage as a fish aggregating device in Southern California. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 40:21-Jan. 2009 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Fish
Zong, Y., W. W. S. Yim, F. Yu, and G. Huang. 2009. Late Quaternary environmental changes in the Pearl River mouth region, China. Quaternary International 206:35-45. 2009 China Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tindall, J. C., P. J. Valdes, and L. C. Sime. 2009. Stable water isotopes in HadCM3: Isotopic signature of El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the tropical amount effect. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 114. 2009 Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff
Raymundo, L. J., A. R. Halford, A. P. Maypa, and A. M. Kerr. 2009. Functionally diverse reef-fish communities ameliorate coral disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:17067-17070. 2009 Australia; Philippines Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Gallaway, B. J., S. T. Szedlmayer, and W. J. Gazey. 2009. A life history review for red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico with an evaluation of the importance of offshore petroleum platforms and other artificial reefs. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:48-67. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Oil & Gas Rigs; Piscivorous Fish
Riley, M. J., A. Harman, and R. G. Rees. 2009. Evidence of continued hunting of whale sharks Rhincodon typus in the Maldives. Environmental Biology of Fishes 86:371-374. 2009 Maldives Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest
Norstrom, A. V., M. Nystrom, J. Lokrantz, and C. Folke. 2009. Alternative states on coral reefs: Beyond coral-macroalgal phase shifts. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376:293-306. 2009 Review Algae; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Sponges
Dikou, A., C. Ackerman, C. Banks, A. Dempsey, M. Fox, M. Gins, P. Hester, A. Parnes, S. Roach, J. Rohde, C. Spital, M. Tapleshay, and L. Thomas. 2009. Ecological assessment to detect imminent change in coral reefs of Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park, Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 30:425-436. 2009 South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae
Hicks, C. C., T. R. McClanahan, J. E. Cinner, and J. M. Hills. 2009. Trade-offs in values assigned to ecological goods and services associated with different coral reef management strategies. Ecology and Society 14:10-27. 2009 Global; Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Falcao, M., M. N. Santos, T. Drago, D. Serpa, and C. Monteiro. 2009. Effect of artificial reefs (southern Portugal) on sediment-water transport of nutrients: Importance of the hydrodynamic regime. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 83:451-459. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Laidig, T. E., D. L. Watters, and M. M. Yoklavich. 2009. Demersal fish and habitat associations from visual surveys on the central California shelf. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 83:629-637. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish
Howard, K. G., B. D. Schumacher, and J. D. Parrish. 2009. Community structure and habitat associations of parrotfishes on Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Biology of Fishes 12-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. 2009. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:976-986. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
van der Meij, S. E. T., R. G. Moolenbeek, and B. W. Hoeksema. 2009. Decline of the Jakarta Bay molluscan fauna linked to human impact. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59:101-107. 2009 Java; Indonesia Deforestation & Devegetation; Molluscs; Sediment; Substrate
Liu, P. J., K. T. Shao, R. Q. Jan, T. Y. Fan, S. L. Wong, J. S. Hwang, J. P. Chen, C. C. Chen, and H. J. Lin. 2009. A trophic model of fringing coral reefs in Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan suggests overfishing. Marine Environmental Research 68:106-117. 2009 Taiwan Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Reopanichkul, P., T. A. Schlacher, R. W. Carter, and S. Worachananant. 2009. Sewage impacts coral reefs at multiple levels of ecological organization. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1356-1362. 2009 Global; Thailand Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Hale, R., S. E. Swearer, and B. J. Downes. 2009. Is settlement at small spatial scales by diadromous fishes from the Family Galaxiidae passive or active in a small coastal river? Marine and Freshwater Research 60:971-975. 2009 Discharges; Fish; Invertebrates; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shucksmith, R., E. J. Cook, D. J. Hughes, and M. T. Burrows. 2009. Competition between the non-native amphipod Caprella mutica and two native species of caprellids Pseudoprotella phasma and Caprella linearis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89:1125-1132. 2009 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Invasive Species
Feng, D., D. F. Chen, and J. Peckmann. 2009. Rare earth elements in seep carbonates as tracers of variable redox conditions at ancient hydrocarbon seeps. Terra Nova 21:49-56. 2009 Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lee, J. N. and C. A. R. Mohamed. 2009. Trace Metal Contents in the Porites Corals of Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal Of Environmental Research 3:85-94. 2009 Malaysia; Oman Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Shipp, R. L. and S. A. Bortone. 2009. A prospective of the importance of artificial habitat on the management of red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:41-47. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Wielgusa, J., L. R. Gerbera, E. Salab, and J. Bennett. 2009. Including risk in stated-preference economic valuations: experiments on choices for marine recreation. Journal of Environmental Management 90:3401-3409. 2009 Global Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Lu, T., K. M. Ma, Y. X. Zhang, H. W. Ni, and B. J. Fu. 2009. Species Similarity - Distance Relationship In Wetlands: Effect Of Disturbance Intensity. Polish Journal Of Ecology 57:647-657. 2009 China Index or Indicator Agriculture; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Wetlands
Rhyne, A., R. Rotjan, A. Bruckner, and M. Tlusty. 2009. Crawling to Collapse: Ecologically Unsound Ornamental Invertebrate Fisheries. PLoS One 4:e8413. 2009 Florida Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Monetary Valuation
Williams, K. C. 2009. A review of feeding practices and nutritional requirements of postlarval groupers. Aquaculture 292:141-152. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Live Collection; Piscivorous Fish
Burt, J., A. Bartholomew, A. Bauman, A. Saif, and P. F. Sale. 2009. Coral recruitment and early benthic community development on several materials used in the construction of artificial reefs and breakwaters. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 373:72-78. 2009 United Arab Emirates Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Shoreline Protection; Substrate
Bonkosky, M., E. A. Hernandez-Delgado, B. Sandoz, I. E. Robledo, J. Norat-Ramirez, and H. Mattei. 2009. Detection of spatial fluctuations of non-point source fecal pollution in coral reef surrounding waters in southwestern Puerto Rico using PCR-based assays. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:45-54. 2009 Puerto Rico Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Fyhn, M. B. W., L. H. Nielsen, L. O. Boldreel, L. D. Thang, J. Bojesen-Koefoed, H. I. Petersen, N. T. Huyen, N. A. Duc, N. T. Dau, A. Mathiesen, I. Reid, D. T. Huong, H. A. Tuan, L. V. Hien, H. P. Nytoft, and I. Abatzis. 2009. Geological evolution, regional perspectives and hydrocarbon potential of the northwest Phu Khanh Basin, offshore Central Vietnam. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26:24-Jan. 2009 China; Vietnam Model; Index or Indicator Dam Construction & Maintenance; Sediment
Veron, J. E. N., O. Hoegh-Guldberg, T. M. Lenton, J. M. Lough, D. O. Obura, P. Pearce-Kelly, C. R. C. Sheppard, M. Spaldin, M. G. Stafford-Smith, and A. D. Rogers. 2009. The coral reef crisis: the critical importance of <350 ppm CO2. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1428-1436. 2009 Global Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures
Liu, Y., W. Liu, Z. Peng, Y. Xiao, G. Wei, W. Sun, J. He, G. Liu, and C.-L. Chou. 2009. Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:1264-1272. 2009 China Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Riegl, B., S. J. Purkis, J. Keck, and G. P. Rowlands. 2009. Monitored and modeled coral population dynamics and the refuge concept. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:24-38. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Wall, C. C., F. E. Muller-Karger, and M. A. Roffer. 2009. Linkages between environmental conditions and recreational king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) catch off west-central Florida. Fisheries Oceanography 18:185-199. 2009 Florida Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Maar, M., K. Bolding, J. K. Petersen, J. L. S. Hansen, and K. Timmermann. 2009. Local effects of blue mussels around turbine foundations in an ecosystem model of Nysted off-shore wind farm, Denmark. Journal of Sea Research 62:159-174. 2009 Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Plankton
Omann, I., A. Stocker, and J. Jager. 2009. Climate change as a threat to biodiversity: an application of the DPSIR approach. Ecological Economics 69:24-31. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Primary Production; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kate, A. S., J. K. Pearson, B. Ramanathan, K. Richard, and R. G. Kerr. 2009. Isolation, Biomimetic Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activity of Bis(pseudopterane) Amines. Journal of Natural Products 72:1331-1334. 2009 Octocoral
Fernandez, T. V., G. D'Anna, F. Badalamenti, and A. Perez-Ruzafa. 2009. Effect of simulated macroalgae on the fish assemblage associated with a temperate reef system. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 376:7-16. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses
Lavides, M. N., N. V. C. Polunin, S. M. Stead, D. G. Tabaranza, M. T. Comeros, and J. R. Dongallo. 2009. Finfish disappearances around Bohol, Philippines inferred from traditional ecological knowledge. Environmental Conservation 36:235-244. 2009 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Barr, R. F. and S. Mourato. 2009. Investigating the potential for marine resource protection through environmental service markets: An exploratory study from La Paz, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:568-577. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Muthiga, N. A. 2009. Evaluating the effectiveness of management of the Malindi-Watamu marine protected area complex in Kenya. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:417-423. 2009 Kenya; Tanzania; Seychelles Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Edelist, D. and E. Spanier. 2009. Influence of Levantine Artificial Reefs on the fish assemblage of the surrounding seabed. Mediterranean Marine Science 10:35-54. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Lundsten, L., J. P. Barry, G. M. Cailliet, D. A. Clague, A. P. Devogelaere, and J. B. Geller. 2009. Benthic invertebrate communities on three seamounts off southern and central California, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 374:23-32. 2009 Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Wasmund, K., D. I. Kurtboke, K. A. Burns, and D. G. Bourne. 2009. Microbial diversity in sediments associated with a shallow methane seep in the tropical Timor Sea of Australia reveals a novel aerobic methanotroph diversity. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 68:142-151. 2009 Australia Microorganisms; Sediment
Grunewald, N., I. Groth, and S. Alban. 2009. Evaluation of seasonal variations of the structure and anti-inflammatory activity of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (Hudson) Lamouroux (Ceramiales, Delesseriaceae). Biomacromolecules 10:1155-1162. 2009 Algae; Artificial Habitat
Valavi, H., A. Savari, V. Yavari, P. Kochanian, A. Safahieh, and O. S. Savadkuhi. 2009. Coral Reef Anthropogenic Impact Bio-Indicators In The Northern Part Of The Persian Gulf. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 7:215-227. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins
Sanchez, F., A. Serrano, and M. G. Ballesteros. 2009. Photogrammetric quantitative study of habitat and benthic communities of deep Cantabrian Sea hard grounds. Continental Shelf Research 29:1174-1188. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Mertz-Kraus, R., T. C. Brachert, K. P. Jochum, M. Reuter, and B. Stoll. 2009. LA-ICP-MS analyses on coral growth increments reveal heavy winter rain in the Eastern Mediterranean at 9 Ma. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 273:25-40. 2009 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Draut, A. E., M. H. Bothner, M. E. Field, R. L. Reynolds, S. A. Cochran, J. B. Logan, C. D. Storlazzi, and C. J. Berg. 2009. Supply and dispersal of flood sediment from a steep, tropical watershed: Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121:574-585. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Botsford, L. W., J. W. White, A. Coffroth M.-, C. B. Paris, S. Planes, T. L. Shearer, S. R. Thorrold, and G. P. Jones. 2009. Connectivity and resilience of coral reef metapopulations in marine protected areas: matching empirical efforts to predictive needs. Coral Reefs 11-Jan. 2009 Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Sherwood, O. A. and E. N. Edinger. 2009. Ages and growth rates of some deep-sea gorgonian and antipatharian corals of Newfoundland and Labrador. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66:142-152. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Octocoral
Roeroe, K. A., M. Yap, and M. Okamoto. 2009. Development of a coastal environment assessment system using coral recruitment. Fisheries Science 75:215-224. 2009 Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Modelling effects of geoengineering options in response to climate change and global warming: Implications for coral reefs. Computational Biology and Chemistry 33:415-420. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review; Model Climate; CO2; Light; Mitigation; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Roebeling, P. C., E. M. T. Hendrix, and M. E. van Grieken. 2009. Exploring industry specific social welfare maximizing rates of water pollution abatement in linked terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Journal of Coastal Research 1681-1685. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
McClanahan, T. R., E. Weil, and J. Maina. 2009. Strong relationship between coral bleaching and growth anomalies in massive Porites. Global Change Biology 15:1804-1816. 2009 Kenya Model Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Carilli, J. E., R. D. Norris, B. A. Black, S. M. Walsh, and M. McField. 2009. Local stressors reduce coral resilience to bleaching. PLoS One 4:e6324. 2009 Algae; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Harris, R., M. W. Vorkink, C. Prasetyadi, E. Zobell, N. Roosmawati, and M. Apthorpe. 2009. Transition from subduction to arc-continent collision: Geologic and neotectonic evolution of Savu Island, Indonesia. Geosphere 5:152-171. 2009 Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lester, S. E., B. S. Halpern, K. Grorud-Colvert, J. Lubchenco, B. I. Ruttenberg, S. D. Gaines, S. Airame, and R. R. Warner. 2009. Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:33-46. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
Stobart, B., R. Warwick, C. Gonzalez, S. Mallol, D. Diaz, O. Renones, and R. Goni. 2009. Long-term and spillover effects of a marine protected area on an exploited fish community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:47-60. 2009 Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Kuffner, I. B., R. Grober-Dunsmore, J. C. Brock, and T. D. Hickey. 2009. Biological community structure on patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 19-Jan. 2009 Remote Sensing Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Storms & Hurricanes
Harborne, A. R., P. G. Renaud, E. H. M. Tyler, and P. J. Mumby. 2009. Reduced density of the herbivorous urchin Diadema antillarum inside a Caribbean marine reserve linked to increased predation pressure by fishes. Coral Reefs 28:783-791. 2009 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
Staples, D. A. 2009. A new species of Rhopalorhynchus (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) from Lizard Island, North Queensland, Australia. Zootaxa 62-68. 2009 Australia Review Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Skeletal Coral
Hanelt, D. and M. Y. Roleda. 2009. UVB radiation may ameliorate photoinhibition in specific shallow-water tropical marine macrophytes. Aquatic Botany 91:12-Jun. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Viehman, S., S. M. Thur, and G. A. Piniak. 2009. Coral reef metrics and habitat equivalency analysis. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:181-188. 2009 Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills
Moore, C. G., C. R. Bates, J. M. Mair, G. R. Saunders, D. B. Harries, and A. R. Lyndon. 2009. Mapping serpulid worm reefs (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) for conservation management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:226-236. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Aquaculture; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Worms; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Gotanda, K. M., K. Turgeon, and D. L. Kramer. 2009. Body size and reserve protection affect flight initiation distance in parrotfishes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 10-Jan. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Sutton, S. G. and R. C. Tobin. 2009. Recreational fishers' attitudes towards the 2004 rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Environmental Conservation 36:245-252. 2009 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral reefs: threats and conservation in an era of global change. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1162:136-186. 2009 Global; Florida Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Roosmawati, N. and R. Harris. 2009. Surface uplift history of the incipient Banda arc-continent collision: Geology and synorogenic foraminifera of Rote and Savu Islands, Indonesia. Tectonophysics 479:95-110. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ling, S. D., C. R. Johnson, S. D. Frusher, and K. R. Ridgway. 2009. Overfishing reduces resilience of kelp beds to climate-driven catastrophic phase shift. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:22341-22345. 2009 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Banaszak, A. T. and M. P. Lesser. 2009. Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on coral reef organisms. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 8:1276-1294. 2009 Global Review Climate; Light; Ocean Acidity
Cudney-Bueno, R., M.F. Lavin, S.G. Marinone, P.T. Raimondi, W.W. Shaw. 2009. Rapid Effects of Marine Reserves via Larval Dispersal. PLoS One 4:e4140. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kannan, R. and D. A. James. 2009. Effects of climate change on global biodiversity: A review of key literature. Tropical Ecology 50:31-39. 2009 Global; South & Central America Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Pathogens
Prouty, N. G., S. D. Jupiter, M. E. Field, and M. T. McCulloch. 2009. Coral proxy record of decadal-scale reduction in base flow from Moloka'i, Hawaii. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10:Q12018. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Agriculture; Climate; Discharges; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bainbridge, Z. T., J. E. Brodie, J. W. Faithful, D. A. Sydes, and S. E. Lewis. 2009. Identifying the land-based sources of suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides discharged to the Great Barrier Reef from the Tully-Murray Basin, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1081-1090. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Mitchell, A., J. Reghenzani, J. Faithful, M. Furnas, and J. Brodie. 2009. Relationships between land use and nutrient concentrations in streams draining a 'wet-tropics' catchment in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1097-1108. 2009 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Devlin, M. and B. Schaffelke. 2009. Spatial extent of riverine flood plumes and exposure of marine ecosystems in the Tully coastal region, Great Barrier Reef. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1109-1122. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wallace, J., L. Stewart, A. Hawdon, R. Keen, F. Karim, and J. Kemei. 2009. Flood water quality and marine sediment and nutrient loads from the Tully and Murray catchments in north Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1123-1131. 2009 Australia Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nelson, M., W. F. Dempster, and J. P. Allen. 2009. The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems. Advances in Space Research 44:1404-1412. 2009 Global Lab Study Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Irrigation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Heenan, A., S. D. Simpson, M. G. Meekan, S. D. Healy, and V. A. Braithwaite. 2009. Restoring depleted coral-reef fish populations through recruitment enhancement: a proof of concept. Journal of Fish Biology 75:1857-1867. 2009 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Gonzalez-Sanson, G., C. Aguilar, I. Hernandez, and Y. Cabrera. 2009. Effects of depth and bottom communities on the distribution of highly territorial reef fish in the northwestern region of Cuba. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25:652-660. 2009 Cuba Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Octocoral; Petroleum Spills; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Hoehn, S. and B. Thapa. 2009. Attitudes and perceptions of indigenous fishermen towards marine resource management in Kuna Yala, Panama. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 16:427-437. 2009 Panama Index or Indicator Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management
Miyajima, T., Y. Tsuboi, Y. Tanaka, and I. Koike. 2009. Export of inorganic carbon from two Southeast Asian mangrove forests to adjacent estuaries as estimated by the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon. Journal Of Geophysical Research-biogeosciences 114:G01024. 2009 Southeast Asia Model; Index or Indicator CO2; Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Gordoa, A. 2009. Characterization of the infralittoral system along the north-east Spanish coast based on sport shore-based fishing tournament catches. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 82:41-49. 2009 Spain Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Edwards, D. C. B. and C. G. Moore. 2009. Reproduction in the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis (Anthozoa: Pennatulacea) from the west coast of Scotland. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 82:161-168. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Octocoral
Siboni, N., S. Martinez, A. Abelson, A. Sivan, and A. Kushmaro. 2009. Conditioning film and initial biofilm formation on electrochemical CaCO3 deposition on a metallic net in the marine environment. Biofouling 25:675-683. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Cyanobacteria; Invertebrates
Roark, E. B., T. P. Guilderson, R. B. Dunbar, S. J. Fallon, and D. A. Mucciarone. 2009. Extreme longevity in proteinaceous deep-sea corals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:5204-5208. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Substrate
Costa, C., M. Scardi, V. Vitalini, and S. Cataudella. 2009. A dual camera system for counting and sizing Northern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus; Linnaeus, 1758) stock, during transfer to aquaculture cages, with a semi automatic Artificial Neural Network tool. Aquaculture 291:161-167. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Pedersen, S. A., H. Fock, J. Krause, C. Pusch, A. L. Sell, U. Bottcher, S. I. Rogers, M. Skold, H. Skov, M. Podolska, G. J. Piet, and J. C. Rice. 2009. Natura 2000 sites and fisheries in German offshore waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:155-169. 2009 Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Preuss, B., D. Pelletier, L. Wantiez, Y. Letourneur, S. Sarramegna, M. Kulbicki, R. Galzin, and J. Ferraris. 2009. Considering multiple-species attributes to understand better the effects of successive changes in protection status on a coral reef fish assemblage. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:170-179. 2009 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
O'Garra, T. 2009. Bequest Values for Marine Resources: How Important for Indigenous Communities in Less-Developed Economies? Pages 24-Jan Environmental and Resource Economics. 2009 Fiji Finfish Harvest; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Textiles & Apparel; Valuation
De Mitcheson, Y. S., A. Cornish, M. Domeier, P. L. Colin, M. Russell, and K. C. Lindeman. 2008. A global baseline for spawning aggregations of reef fishes. Conservation Biology 22:1233-1244. 2008 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Piscivorous Fish
Li, Y.-C., H. Huang, Z.-J. Dong, J.-S. Lian, and G.-W. Zhou. 2008. Headway of study on coral reefs ecological restoration. Shengtai Xuebao/ Acta Ecologica Sinica 28:5047-5054. 2008 Global; China Artificial Habitat; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Kellner, J. B., R. M. Nisbet, and S. D. Gaines. 2008. Spillover from marine reserves related to mechanisms of population regulation. Theoretical Ecology 1:117-127. 2008 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Granek, E. F., E. M. P. Madin, M. A. Brown, W. Figueira, D. S. Cameron, Z. Hogan, G. Kristianson, P. De Villiers, J. E. Williams, J. Post, S. Zahn, and R. Arlinghaus. 2008. Engaging recreational fishers in management and conservation: Global case studies. Conservation Biology 22:1125-1134. 2008 Global; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Grech, A. and H. Marsh. 2008. Rapid assessment of risks to a mobile marine mammal in an ecosystem-scale marine protected area. Conservation Biology 22:711-720. 2008 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Whales & Dolphins
Santos, L. N., F. G. Araujo, and D. S. Brotto. 2008. Artificial structures as tools for fish habitat rehabilitation in a neotropical reservoir. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:896-908. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species
Restrepo, J. D. 2008. Applicability of LOICZ catchment-coast continuum in a major Caribbean basin: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:214-229. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Selkoe, K. A., B. S. Halpern, and R. J. Toonen. 2008. Evaluating anthropogenic threats to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1149-1165. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Temperatures
Han, X., E. Suess, Y. Huang, N. Wu, G. Bohrmann, X. Su, A. Eisenhauer, G. Rehder, and Y. Fang. 2008. Jiulong methane reef: Microbial mediation of seep carbonates in the South China Sea. Marine Geology 249:243-256. 2008 China Calcium Carbonate Deposition
Sunagawa, S., J. Cortes, C. Jimenez, and R. Lara. 2008. Variation in cell densities and pigment concentrations of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the coral Pavona clavus in the eastern Pacific (Costa Rica) [Variacion en la densidad de celulas y en las concentraciones de pigmentos de los dinosflagelados simbiot. Ciencias Marinas 34:113-123. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Zooxanthellae
Janairo, J. R. O., G. C. Janairo, C. Y. Ragasa, and B. F. Bowden. 2008. A marine verticillane diterpenoid from Cespitularia erecta. Natural Product Research 22:48-52. 2008
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, Rachmansyah, F. Tirendi, A. D. McKinnon, and M. C. Undu. 2008. Growth and development of mangrove forests overlying smothered coral reefs, Sulawesi and Sumatra, Indonesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 370:97-109. 2008 Indonesia Index or Indicator Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Nutrients
Guzman, H. M., R. Cipriani, and J. B. C. Jackson. 2008. Historical decline in coral reef growth after the Panama Canal. Ambio 37:342-346. 2008 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water
Stevely, J. and D. Sweat. 2008. Exploring the potential and protecting the resources: Florida's marine sponges. Sea Grant, Gainesville, FL. 2008 Florida Commercial Fisheries; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Sponges
Alongi, D. M. 2008. Mangrove forests: resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 76:1-13. 2008 Global Review; Model Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, C. V. Kappel, C. P. Dahlgren, F. Micheli, K. E. Holmes, J. N. Sanchirico, K. Broad, I. A. Elliott, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2008. Reserve effects and natural variation in coral reef communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:1010-1018. 2008 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Goffredo, S. and H. R. Lasker. 2008. An adaptive management approach to an octocoral fishery based on the Beverton-Holt model. Coral Reefs 27:751-761. 2008 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. 2008 Puerto Rico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Eckes, M. J., U. E. Siebeck, S. Dove, and A. S. Grutter. 2008. Ultraviolet sunscreens in reef fish mucus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 353:203-211. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Light; Sunscreen Use
Prouty, N. G., K. A. Hughen, and J. Carilli. 2008. Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples. Coral Reefs 27:727-742. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Index or Indicator Agriculture; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Bauer, L. J., M. S. Kendall, and C. F. G. Jeffrey. 2008. Incidence of marine debris and its relationships with benthic features in Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Southeast USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:402-413. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Boating Activities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McClanahan, T. R., C. C. Hicks, and E. S. Darling. 2008. Malthusian overfishing and efforts to overcome it on Kenyan coral reefs. Ecological Applications 18:1516-1529. 2008 Kenya Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kendall, M. S., L. J. Bauer, and C. F. G. Jeffrey. 2008. Influence of benthic features and fishing pressure on size and distribution of three exploited reef fishes from the southeastern United States. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:1134-1146. 2008 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Wilson, M. E. J. 2008. Global and regional influences on equatorial shallow-marine carbonates during the Cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 265:262-274. 2008 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Gaudron, S. M., S. A. Kohler, and C. Conand. 2008. Reproduction of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota in the Western Indian Ocean: Biological and ecological aspects. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 51:19-31. 2008 Indian Ocean; India Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Light
Pizzolon, M., E. Cenci, and C. Mazzoldi. 2008. The onset of fish colonization in a coastal defence structure (Chioggia, Northern Adriatic Sea). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:166-178. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Substrate
Aguirre-Macedo, M. L., V. M. Vidal-Martinez, J. A.Herrera-Silveira, D. S. Valdes-Lozano, M. Herrera-Rodriguez, and M. A. Olvera-Novoa. 2008. Ballast water as a vector of coral pathogens in the Gulf of Mexico: The case of the Cayo Arcas coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1570-1577. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Ballast Discharge; Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pathogens; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
2008. DRAFT PROPOSED REVISIONS TO: U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS. Chapter 7. Water Pollution Control, Subchapter 186. Water Quality Standards for Waters of the Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands. 2008 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator Biocriteria; Designated Uses; Discharges; Irrigation; Mangroves; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Freire, K. M. F., V. Christensen, and D. Pauly. 2008. Description of the East Brazil Large Marine Ecosystem using a trophic model. Scientia Marina 72:477-491. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Desalvo, M. K., C. R. Voolstra, S. Sunagawa, J. A. Schwarz, J. H. Stillman, M. A. Coffroth, A. M. Szmant, and M. Medina. 2008. Differential gene expression during thermal stress and bleaching in the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata. Molecular Ecology 17:3952-3971. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; Coastal Development; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Tilot, V., W. Leujak, R. F. G. Ormond, J. A. Ashworth, and A. Mabrouk. 2008. Monitoring of South Sinai coral reefs: Influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1109-1126. 2008 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Seastars; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Wei, X., C. Z. Jia, W. G. Meng, and Y. J. Zhu. 2008. Characteristics, origin and geological significance of rhizolith in Shidao of Xisha Islands. Acta Petrologica Sinica 24:2415-2422. 2008 Algae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Sediment
Riul, P., C. H. Targino, J. D. N. Farias, P. T. Visscher, and P. A. Horta. 2008. Decrease in Lithothamnion sp. (Rhodophyta) primary production due to the deposition of a thin sediment layer. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:17-19. 2008 Oman; United Kingdom Agriculture; Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Light; Primary Production; Sediment
Sanderson, W. G., R. H. F. Holt, L. Kay, K. Ramsay, J. Perrins, A. J. Mcmath, and E. I. S. Rees. 2008. Small-scale variation within a Modiolus modiolus (Mollusca: Bivalvia) reef in the Irish Sea. II. Epifauna recorded by divers and cameras. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:143-149. 2008 United Kingdom Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Sediment
Thorpe, K.L., R. Benstead, P. Eccles, G. Maack, T. Williams, C.R. Tyler. 2008. A practicable laboratory flow-through exposure system for assessing the health effects of effluents in fish. Aquatic Toxicology 88:164-172. 2008 Lab Study; Model Fish; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge
Koener, R. M. and J. R. Koerner. 2008. Review and analysis of GRI-21 conference. Page 50 in Geosynthetics. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Review Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Domestic Animal Waste; Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Strusinska, A. and H. Oumeraci. 2008. Geotextile reef as a coastal protection against tsunami. Pages 742-747 in Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference GEDMAR08. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Irion, J. B., D. Ball, and C. E. Horrell. 2008. The US government's role in deepwater archaeology: The deep gulf Wrecks project. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 12:75-81. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
La Mesa, G., A. Longobardi, F. Sacco, and G. Marino. 2008. First release of hatchery juveniles of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Teleostei) at artificial reefs in the Mediterranean: Results from a pilot study. Scientia Marina 72:743-756. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Rudershausen, P. J., E. H. Williams, J. A. Buckel, J. C. Potts, and C. S. Manooch III. 2008. Comparison of reef fish catch per unit effort and total mortality between the 1970s and 2005-2006 in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:1389-1405. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Piscivorous Fish
Wei, X., C.-Z. Jia, W.-G. Meng, Y.-J. Zhu, and J.-F. Zhang. 2008. Discussion on biogenetic reef distribution and hydrocarbon exploration direction in Xisha sea area since Neogene. Shiyou Diqiu Wuli Kantan/Oil Geophysical Prospecting 43:308-312. 2008 Sediment
The Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre. 2008. Position analysis: CO2 emissions and climate change: ocean impacts and adaptation issues. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity
Eggleston, D. B., D. M. Parsons, G. T. Kellison, G. R. Plaia, and E. G. Johnson. 2008. Functional response of sport divers to lobsters with application to fisheries management. Ecological Applications 18:258-272. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; Cuba; Caribbean Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Craig, P., A. Green, and F. Tuilagi. 2008. Subsistence harvest of coral reef resources in the outer islands of American Samoa: Modern, historic and prehistoric catches. Fisheries Research 89:230-240. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Wong, M. Y. L., P. L. Munday, P. M. Buston, and G. P. Jones. 2008. Monogamy when there is potential for polygyny: Tests of multiple hypotheses in a group-living fish. Behavioral Ecology 19:353-361. 2008 Supplemental Feeding
Dowling, N. A., D. C. Smith, I. Knuckey, A. D. M. Smith, P. Domaschenz, H. M. Patterson, and W. Whitelaw. 2008. Developing harvest strategies for low-value and data-poor fisheries: Case studies from three Australian fisheries. Fisheries Research 94:380-390. 2008 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Baronio, M. D. A. and D. J. Bucher. 2008. Artificial crevice habitats to assess the biodiversity of vagile macro-cryptofauna of subtidal rocky reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research 59:661-670. 2008 Australia Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vicente, M., M. Falcao, M. N. Santos, M. Caetano, D. Serpa, C. Vale, and C. Monteiro. 2008. Environmental assessment of two artificial reef systems off southern Portugal (Faro and Olhão): A question of location. Continental Shelf Research 28:839-847. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment
Slattery, M. and V. J. Paul. 2008. Indirect effects of bleaching on predator deterrence in the tropical Pacific soft coral Sinularia maxima. Marine Ecology Progress Series 354:169-179. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Octocoral; Sunscreen Use; Zooxanthellae
Whiteley, R. J. and S. B. Stewart. 2008. Case studies of shallow marine investigations in Australia with advanced underwater seismic refraction (USR). Exploration Geophysics 39:34-40. 2008 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Pipelines; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Uthicke, S. and K. Nobes. 2008. Benthic Foraminifera as ecological indicators for water quality on the Great Barrier Reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:763-773. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Caribbean Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Waelbroeck, C., N. Frank, J. Jouzel, F. Parrenin, V. Masson-Delmotte, and D. Genty. 2008. Transferring radiometric dating of the last interglacial sea level high stand to marine and ice core records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 265:183-194. 2008 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Plankton; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ellis, N., F. Pantus, A. Welna, and A. Butler. 2008. Evaluating ecosystem-based management options: Effects of trawling in Torres Strait, Australia. Continental Shelf Research 28:2324-2338. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Greenslade, P. 2008. Climate variability, biological control and an insect pest outbreak on Australia's Coral Sea islets: Lessons for invertebrate conservation. Journal of Insect Conservation 12:333-342. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India; Samoa; Palmyra Atoll Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Birds; Nutrients
Kroeger, K. D. and M. A. Charette. 2008. Nitrogen biogeochemistry of submarine groundwater discharge. Limnology and Oceanography 53:1025-1039. 2008 Discharges; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Przeslawski, R., S. Ahyong, M. Byrne, G. Worheide, and P. Hutchings. 2008. Beyond corals and fish: The effects of climate change on noncoral benthic invertebrates of tropical reefs. Global Change Biology 14:2773-2795. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review Climate; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Zoheir, B. A. 2008. Characteristics and genesis of shear zone-related gold mineralization in Egypt: A case study from the Um El Tuyor mine, south Eastern Desert. Ore Geology Reviews 34:445-470. 2008 Egypt; Sudan Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Salinity; Sediment
Street, J. H., K. L. Knee, E. E. Grossman, and A. Paytan. 2008. Submarine groundwater discharge and nutrient addition to the coastal zone and coral reefs of leeward Hawai'i. Marine Chemistry 109:355-376. 2008 Discharges; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kilgour, M. J. and T. C. Shirley. 2008. Eumunida picta S. I. Smith, 1883, and Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758): A relationship or just good friends? Crustaceana 81:587-593. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico
Clynick, B. G., C. W. McKindsey, and P. Archambault. 2008. Distribution and productivity of fish and macroinvertebrates in mussel aquaculture sites in the Magdalen islands (Quebec, Canada). Aquaculture 283:203-210. 2008 Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seagrasses
[No author name available]. 2008. Coastal Environment 2008: Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions, CENV 08. in WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Boating Activities; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Morley, D. M., R. L. Sherman, L. K. B. Jordan, K. W. Banks, T. P. Quinn, and R. E. Spieler. 2008. Environmental enhancement gone awry: Characterization of an artificial reef constructed from waste vehicle tires. Pages 73-87 in WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 2008 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Substrate
Aubrecht, C., C. D. Elvidge, T. Longcore, C. Rich, J. Safran, A. E. Strong, C. M. Eakin, K. E. Baugh, B. T. Tuttle, A. T. Howard, and E. H. Erwin. 2008. A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on satellite observed nighttime lights. Geocarto International 23:467-479. 2008 Global Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Small Boats
Jensen, S., J. D. Neufeld, N.-K. Birkeland, M. Hovland, and J. C. Murrell. 2008. Methane assimilation and trophic interactions with marine Methylomicrobium in deep-water coral reef sediment off the coast of Norway. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 66:320-330. 2008 Cuba; Europe; Norway Sediment
Sandin, S. A., E. M. Sampayo, and M. J. A. Vermeij. 2008. Coral reef fish and benthic community structure of bonaire and Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 44:137-144. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Pawlik, J. R., T. P. Henkel, S. E. McMurray, S. Lopez-Legentil, T.-L. Loh, and S. Rohde. 2008. Patterns of sponge recruitment and growth on a shipwreck corroborate chemical defense resource trade-off. Marine Ecology Progress Series 368:137-143. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Artificial Habitat; Sponges
Mumby, P.J., A. Hastings. 2008. The impact of ecosystem connectivity on coral reef resilience. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:854-862. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Cordes, E. E., M. P. McGinley, E. L. Podowski, E. L. Becker, S. Lessard-Pilon, S. T. Viada, and C. R. Fisher. 2008. Coral communities of the deep Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 55:777-787. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Fanardzhian, S. V., M. A. Agaian, I. G. Agadzhanian, and A. M. Grabskii. 2008. The dynamics of pyelonephritic process activity indices after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in patients with coral-like nephrolithiasis. Georgian medical news 157:20-23. 2008 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Lokrantz, J., M. Nystrom, M. Thyresson, and C. Johansson. 2008. The non-linear relationship between body size and function in parrotfishes. Coral Reefs 27:967-974. 2008 Tanzania Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Haywood, M. D. E., C. R. Pitcher, N. Ellis, T. J. Wassenberg, G. Smith, K. Forcey, I. McLeod, A. Carter, C. Strickland, and R. Coles. 2008. Mapping and characterisation of the inter-reefal benthic assemblages of the Torres Strait. Continental Shelf Research 28:2304-2316. 2008 Australia GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Wilson, S. K., R. Fisher, M. S. Pratchett, N. A. J. Graham, N. K. Dulvy, R. A. Turner, A. Cakacaka, N. V. C. Polunin, and S. P. Rushton. 2008. Exploitation and habitat degradation as agents of change within coral reef fish communities. Global Change Biology 14:2796-2809. 2008 Global; Fiji Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vabrit, S., E. Leedu, K. Suigusaar, and I. Bender. 2008. Effect of sewage sludge and pig manure compost on the ornamental quality of impatiens 'candy coral bee' container grown plants. Pages 637-642 in Acta Horticulturae. 2008 Domestic Animal Waste; Nutrients; Substrate
Goldstone, J. V. 2008. Environmental sensing and response genes in cnidaria: The chemical defensome in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Cell Biology and Toxicology 24:483-502. 2008 Review; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Sea Urchins; Toxics; Tunicates
Humphrey, C., M. Weber, C. Lott, T. Cooper, K. Fabricius. 2008. Effects of suspended sediments, dissolved inorganic nutrients and salinity on fertilisation and embryo development in the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834). Coral Reefs 27:837-850. 2008 Australia Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Costa, O. S., Jr., M. Nimmo, and M. J. Attrill. 2008. Coastal nutrification in Brazil: A review of the role of nutrient excess on coral reef demise. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 25:257-270. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Review Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Danovaro, R., L. Bongiorni, C. Corinaldesi, D. Giovannelli, E. Damiani, P. Astolfi, L. Greci, and A. Pusceddu. 2008. Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. Environmental Health Perspectives 116:441-447. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India; Pacific Ocean Lab Study Algae; Light; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation; Zooxanthellae
Shcherbina, A. Y., G. G. Gawarkiewicz, C. A. Linder, and S. R. Thorrold. 2008. Mapping bathymetric and hydrographic features of Glover's Reef, Belize, with a REMUS autonomous underwater vehicle. Limnology and Oceanography 53:2264-2272. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Dryden, J., A. Grech, J. Moloney, and M. Hamann. 2008. Rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Does it afford greater protection for marine turtles? Wildlife Research 35:477-485. 2008 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rios-Jara, E., C. M. Galvan-Villa, and F. A. Solis-Marin. 2008. Echinoderms of the National Park Isla Isabel, Nayarit, Mexico [Equinodermos del Parque Nacional Isla Isabel, Nayarit, Mexico]. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 79:131-141. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Murugan, A., S. Dhanya, S. Rajagopal, and T. Balasubramanian. 2008. Seahorses and pipefishes of the Tamil Nadu coast. Current Science 95:253-260. 2008 India; Oman Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Sumpton, W., D. Mayer, I. Brown, B. Sawynok, M. McLennan, A. Butcher, and J. Kirkwood. 2008. Investigation of movement and factors influencing post-release survival of line-caught coral reef fish using recreational tag-recapture data. Fisheries Research 92:189-195. 2008 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Kang, C.-K., E. J. Choy, Y. Son, J.-Y. Lee, J. K. Kim, Y. Kim, and K.-S. Lee. 2008. Food web structure of a restored macroalgal bed in the eastern Korean peninsula determined by C and N stable isotope analyses. Marine Biology 153:1181-1198. 2008 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Plankton; Sea Urchins
Roeroe, K. A., M. Yap, and M. Okamoto. 2008. Development of a coastal environment assessment system using coral recruitment. Fisheries Science 10-Jan. 2008 Japan Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae
Mortensen, P. B., L. Buhl-Mortensen, A. V. Gebruk, and E. M. Krylova. 2008. Occurrence of deep-water corals on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge based on MAR-ECO data. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 55:142-152. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Bivalves; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octocoral; Sponges
Casellato, S. and A. Stefanon. 2008. Coralligenous habitat in the northern Adriatic Sea: An overview. Marine Ecology 29:321-341. 2008 Algae; Sediment
Gavella, N. 2008. On the acquisition of ownership by appropriation of sea fish and other sea organisms [O stjecanju vlasništva prisvajanjem morskih riba i drugih morskih organizama]. Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu 58:113-134. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Chockley, B. R., C. M. St Mary, and C. W. Osenberg. 2008. Population sinks in the Upper Florida Keys: The importance of demographic variation in population dynamics of the marine shrimp Stenopus hispidus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360:135-145. 2008 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Shertzer, K. W. and E. H. Williams. 2008. Fish assemblages and indicator species: Reef fishes off the southeastern United States. Fishery Bulletin 106:257-269. 2008 Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Jimenez-Badillo, L. 2008. Management challenges of small-scale fishing communities in a protected reef system of Veracruz, Gulf of Mexico. Fisheries Management and Ecology 15:19-26. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Schools & Colleges; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Kusek, K. M. 2008. Coral catastrophe on the corner rise seamounts: Fishing trawlers likely caused extensive damage to deep-sea coral communities. Oceanus 46. 2008 Finfish Harvest
Ainsworth, C. H., D. A. Varkey, and T. J. Pitcher. 2008. Ecosystem simulations supporting ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Coral Triangle, Indonesia. Ecological Modelling 214:361-374. 2008 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Lafferty, K. D., J. C. Shaw, and A. M. Kuris. 2008. Reef fishes have higher parasite richness at unfished palmyra atoll compared to fished kiritimati island. EcoHealth 5:338-345. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palmyra Atoll Apex Fish Predators; Arthropods; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Worms; Small Herbivorous Fish
Morrison, K., P. Aguiar Prieto, A. Castro Dominguez, D. Waltner-Toews, and J. Fitzgibbon. 2008. Ciguatera fish poisoning in la Habana, Cuba: A study of local social-ecological resilience. EcoHealth 5:346-359. 2008 Cuba Finfish Harvest; Fish
Mertz-Kraus, R., T. C. Brachert, and M. Reuter. 2008. Tarbellastraea (Scleractinia): A new stable isotope archive for Late Miocene paleoenvironments in the Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 257:294-307. 2008 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Discharges; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Leitao, F., M. N. Santos, K. Erzini, and C. C. Monteiro. 2008. The effect of predation on artificial reef juvenile demersal fish species. Marine Biology 153:1233-1244. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Kumar, A., P. Seralathan, and K. S. Jayappa. 2008. Distribution of coastal cliffs in Kerala, India: their mechanisms of failure and related human engineering response. Environmental Geology 18-Jan. 2008 India Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Lepland, A. and P. B. Mortensen. 2008. Barite and barium in sediments and coral skeletons around the hydrocarbon exploration drilling site in the Træna Deep, Norwegian Sea. Environmental Geology 56:119-129. 2008 Norway Discharges; Sediment
Jackson, J. B. C. 2008. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:11458-11465. 2008 Global Agriculture; Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
Clynick, B. G., M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. 2008. Fish assemblages associated with urban structures and natural reefs in Sydney, Australia. Austral Ecology 33:140-150. 2008 Australia Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Fish
Mayor, D. 2008. Acid oceans. Planet Earth 22-23. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Edgar, G. J., S. Banks, R. Bensted-Smith, M. Calvopina, A. Chiriboga, L. E. Garske, S. Henderson, K. A. Miller, and S. Salazar. 2008. Conservation of threatened species in the Galapagos Marine Reserve through identification and protection of marine key biodiversity areas. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:955-968. 2008 Global Algae; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Gao, Q.-F., P. K. S. Shin, W. Z. Xu, and S. G. Cheung. 2008. Amelioration of marine farming impact on the benthic environment using artificial reefs as biofilters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57:652-661. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Sediment
Nam, B. W., S. H. Shin, K. Y. Hong, and S. W. Hong. 2008. Numerical simulation of wave flow over the spiral-reef overtopping device. Pages 262-267 in Proceedings of the 8th 2008 ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges
Tsehaye, I. and L. A. J. Nagelkerke. 2008. Exploring optimal fishing scenarios for the multispecies artisanal fisheries of Eritrea using a trophic model. Ecological Modelling 212:319-333. 2008 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Brown, C. J. and J. S. Collier. 2008. Mapping benthic habitat in regions of gradational substrata: An automated approach utilising geophysical, geological, and biological relationships. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:203-214. 2008 Europe GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
[No author name available]. 2008. Feature 5: Poland report: Baltic Design at the centre. Page 171 Naval Architect. 2008 Poland
Lough, J. M. 2008. 10th Anniversary Review: A changing climate for coral reefs. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10:21-29. 2008 Global Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Mitigation
Jensen, S., J. D. Neufeld, N.-K. Birkeland, M. Hovland, and J. C. Murrell. 2008. Insight into the microbial community structure of a Norwegian deep-water coral reef environment. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 55:1554-1563. 2008 Australia; Norway Plankton; Sediment; Sponges
Sofonia, J. J. and K. R. N. Anthony. 2008. High-sediment tolerance in the reef coral Turbinaria mesenterina from the inner Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Australia). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:748-752. 2008 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral
Cleary, D. F. R., L. De Vantier, Giyanto, L. Vail, P. Manto, N. J. De Voogd, P. G. Rachello-Dolmen, Y. Tuti, A. Budiyanto, J. Wolstenholme, B. W. Hoeksema, and Suharsono. 2008. Relating variation in species composition to environmental variables: A multi-taxon study in an Indonesian coral reef complex. Aquatic Science 70:419-431. 2008 Java; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral
Mossman, D. J., W. E. L. Minter, A. Dutkiewicz, D. K. Hallbauer, S. C. George, Q. Hennigh, T. O. Reimer, and F. D. Horscroft. 2008. The indigenous origin of Witwatersrand \carbon\"". Precambrian Research 164:173-186. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Sediment
Paris, C. B. and L. M. Cherubin. 2008. River-reef connectivity in the Meso-American Region. Coral Reefs 27:773-781. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Taggart, S. J., J. Mondragon, A. G. Andrews, and J. K. Nielsen. 2008. Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:151-163. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Jupiter, S., G. Roff, G. Marion, M. Henderson, V. Schrameyer, M. McCulloch, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Linkages between coral assemblages and coral proxies of terrestrial exposure along a cross-shelf gradient on the southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:887-903. 2008 Australia Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Allen, T. and R. Southwick. 2008. Sportfishing in America: an economic engine and conservation powerhouse. American Sportfishing Association. 2008 Finfish Harvest; Manufacturing & Trade; Medical Centers; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Prescott, R. and R. Cudney-Bueno. 2008. Mobile 'reefs' in the northeastern Gulf of California: Aggregations of black murex snails Hexaplex nigritus as habitat for invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 367:185-192. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Snails & Conch; Substrate
Andersson, A. J., F. T. Mackenzie, and N. R. Bates. 2008. Life on the margin: Implications of ocean acidification on Mg-calcite, high latitude and cold-water marine calcifiers. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:265-273. 2008 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Wells, R. J. D., J. H. Cowan Jr., and B. Fry. 2008. Feeding ecology of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 361:213-225. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton
Wernberg, T., M. White, and M. A. Vanderklift. 2008. Population structure of turbinid gastropods on wave-exposed subtidal reefs: Effects of density, body size and algae on grazing behaviour. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362:169-179. 2008 Australia Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Rushdi, A. I., T. A. T. A. Kassim, and B. R. T. Simoneit. 2008. Organic tracers in sediments from the coastal zone of Ras Abu el-Darag, Gulf of Suez. Environmental Geology 13-Jan. 2008 Index or Indicator Cleaner & Solvent Use; Sediment
Fisher, J. B., R. Nawaz, R. Fauzi, F. Nawaz, E. S. Said Md. Sadek, Z. Abd. Latif, and M. Blackett. 2008. Balancing water, religion and tourism on Redang Island, Malaysia. Environmental Research Letters 3:1-6. 2008 Malaysia Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Schools & Colleges; Tourism & Recreation
Schroder, P., R. Herzig, B. Bojinov, A. Ruttens, E. Nehnevajova, S. Stamatiadis, A. Memon, A. Vassilev, M. Caviezel, and J. Vangronsveld. 2008. Bioenergy to save the world: Producing novel energy plants for growth on abandoned land. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 15:196-204. 2008 Global; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Domestic Animal Waste; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Rabaut, M., U. Braeckman, F. Hendrickx, M. Vincx, and S. Degraer. 2008. Experimental beam-trawling in Lanice conchilega reefs: Impact on the associated fauna. Fisheries Research 90:209-216. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cabioch, G., L. Montaggioni, N. Frank, C. Seard, E. Salle, C. Payri, B. Pelletier, and M. Paterne. 2008. Successive reef depositional events along the Marquesas foreslopes (French Polynesia) since 26 ka. Marine Geology 254:18-34. 2008 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands. 2008 US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico Discharges; Petroleum Spills
Maynard, J. A. 2008. Severe anchor damage to Lobophyllia variegata colonies on the Fujikawa Maru, Truk Lagoon, Micronesia. Coral Reefs 27:273. 2008 Micronesia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Water Environment Servicves. 2008. Three Creeks Restoration. 2008 Invasive Species; Littering; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Sandvik, H. 2008. Public concern over global warming correlates negatively with national wealth. Climatic change 90:333-341. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
McClanahan, T. R. and J. E. Cinner. 2008. A framework for adaptive gear and ecosystem-based management in the artisanal coral reef fishery of Papua New Guinea. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:493-507. 2008 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Cooper, E., L. Burke, and N. Bood. 2008. Coastal capital: Belize, the economic contribution of Belize�s coral reefs and mangroves. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Mexico Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Feitosa, C. V., B. P. Ferreira, and M. Elisabeth De Araujo. 2008. A rapid new method for assessing sustainability of ornamental fish by-catch from coral reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research 59:1092-1100. 2008 Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish
Da Silva, M., M. R. Z. Passarini, R. C. Bonugli, and L. D. Sette. 2008. Cnidarian-derived filamentous fungi from Brazil: Isolation, characterisation and RBBR decolourisation screening. Environmental Technology 29:1331-1339. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Remediation; Stony Coral
Daley, B., P. Griggs, and H. Marsh. 2008. Exploiting marine wildlife in Queensland: The commercial dugong and marine turtle fisheries, 1847-1969. Australian Economic History Review 48:227-265. 2008 Australia; Europe Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sea Turtles
Choate, A., J. Cohen, P. Groth, D. M. Theobald, B. Bierwagen, J. Thomas, and C. Pyke. 2008. Preliminary Steps towards Integrating Climate and Land Use: The Development of Land-Use Scenarios Consistent with Climate Change Emissions Storylines. Global Change Research Program, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; EPA/600/R-08/076A, Washington DC. 2008 Global Model; GIS & Maps Climate; Housing; Impervious Surfaces; Landscape Changes
Dupont, J. M. 2008. Artificial reefs as restoration tools: A case study on the West Florida shelf. Coastal Management 36:495-507. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Mitigation; Pipelines
NOAA; The Nature Conservancy. 2008. Creosote Assessment in Puget Sound Beaches. NOAA. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Docks & Marinas; Sediment
Kuffner, I. B., A. J. Andersson, P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, and F. T. MacKenzie. 2008. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geoscience 1:114-117. 2008 Algae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity
Stat, M. and R. D. Gates. 2008. Vectored introductions of marine endosymbiotic dinoflagellates into Hawaii. Biological Invasions 10:579-583. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Ballast Discharge; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Stony Coral
Izuka, S. K. and J. M. Resig. 2008. Evidence of Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene marine environments in the deep subsurface of the Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii. Palaios 23:442-451. 2008 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kurihara, H. 2008. Effects of CO2-driven ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:275-284. 2008 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Amorocho, D. F. and R. D. Reina. 2008. Intake passage time, digesta composition and digestibility in East Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas agassizii) at Gorgona National Park, Colombian Pacific. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 360:117-124. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Cleaner & Solvent Use; Mangroves; Sea Turtles
Newell, C. 2008. USS Kitty Hawk docks after final voyage. Jane's Defence Weekly. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Docks & Marinas; Large Ships; Military; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites
Marynowski, L., P. Filipiak, and A. Pisarzowska. 2008. Organic geochemistry and palynofacies of the Early-Middle Frasnian transition (Late Devonian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Southern Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 269:152-165. 2008 Poland Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment
Francois, J. L. and J. R. Guzman. 2008. BWR fuel design for actinide recycling. Pages 1486-1494 in Societe Francaise d'Energie Nucleaire - International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants - ICAPP 2007, \The Nuclear Renaissance at Work\"". 2008 Discharges
Atchley, S. C., D. M. Cleveland, and L. W. West. 2008. A case for renewed development of a mature gas field: The Devonian Swan Hills Formation at Kaybob South field, Alberta, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 56:165-190. 2008 Natural Gas & Electric Power
Wells, R. J. D., J. H. Cowan Jr., W. F. Patterson III, and C. J. Walters. 2008. Effect of trawling on juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) habitat selection and life history parameters. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65:2399-2411. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrate Harvest; Piscivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Wendland, E. 2008. Friction loss correction in flowing well discharge tests. Water Resources Research 44. 2008 Discharges
Hawdon, A. A., R. J. Keen, D. A. Post, and S. N. Wilkinson. 2008. Hydrological recovery of rangeland following cattle exclusion. IAHS-AISH Publication 532-539. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hickford, M. J. H. and D. R. Schiel. 2008. Experimental gill-netting of reef fish: Species-specific responses modify capture probability across mesh sizes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 358:163-169. 2008 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Whales & Dolphins
Hughes, A. O., J. M. Olley, J. C. Croke, and L. A. Mckergow. 2008. Sediment sources in a dry-tropical catchment: central Queensland, Australia. IAHS-AISH Publication 351-358. 2008 Australia; Europe Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Mitigation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Timmons, C. L. and D. W. Hess. 2008. Photoresist and Fluorocarbon Postplasma Etch Residue Removal Using Electrochemically Generated Radical Anions. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 155. 2008 Cleaner & Solvent Use; Manufacturing & Trade
Cunha, E. A., R. A. A. Carvalho, C. Monteiro-Neto, L. E. S. Moraes, and M. E. Araujo. 2008. Comparative analysis of tidepool fish species composition on tropical coastal rocky reefs at State of Ceara, Brazil. Iheringia - Serie Zoologia 98:379-390. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Schroeder, R. E., A. L. Green, E. E. DeMartini, and J. C. Kenyon. 2008. Long-term effects of a ship-grounding on coral reef fish assemblages at Rose Atoll, American Samoa. Bulletin of Marine Science 82:345-364. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Samoa; American Samoa Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Microorganisms; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mellin, C., J. Ferraris, R. Galzin, M. Harmelin-Vivien, M. Kulbicki, and T. L. de Loma. 2008. Natural and anthropogenic influences on the diversity structure of reef fish communities in the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia). Ecological Modelling 218:182-187. 2008 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish
Addison, P. F. E., R. S. Koss, and T. D. O'Hara. 2008. Recreational use of a rocky intertidal reef in Victoria: Implications for ecological research and management. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 15:169-179. 2008 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Lorke, A., A. Weber, H. Hofmann, and F. Peeters. 2008. Opposing diel migration of fish and zooplankton in the littoral zone of a large lake. Hydrobiologia 600:139-146. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton; Storms & Hurricanes
Welch, D. J., B. D. Mapstone, and G. A. Begg. 2008. Spatial and temporal variation and effects of changes in management in discard rates from the commercial reef line fishery of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Research 90:247-260. 2008 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Jones, A. M., S. Gardner, and W. Sinclair. 2008. Losing 'Nemo': Bleaching and collection appear to reduce inshore populations of anemonefishes. Journal of Fish Biology 73:753-761. 2008 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Gao, Q.-F., W.-Z. Xu, X.-S. Liu, S. G. Cheung, and P. K. S. Shin. 2008. Seasonal changes in C, N and P budgets of green-lipped mussels Perna viridis and removal of nutrients from fish farming in Hong Kong. Marine Ecology Progress Series 353:137-146. 2008 Southeast Asia Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Nutrients
Iannibelli, M. and D. Musmarra. 2008. Effects of anti-trawling artificial reefs on fish assemblages: The case of Salerno Bay (Mediterranean Sea). Italian Journal of Zoology 75:385-394. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Teh, L. C. L., L. S. L. Teh, and F. C. Chung. 2008. A private management approach to coral reef conservation in Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversity and Conservation 17:3061-3077. 2008 Malaysia Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Gala, W. R., R. W. Hill, and L. A. Hostetter. 2008. Use of Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA) to determine the environmentally superior project alternative. Pages 1393-1401 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Artificial Habitat; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Hirst, R., C. Sutton, and C.-H. Chaineau. 2008. Coral transplantation, an innovative measure in the frame of environmental impact mitigation. Pages 165-181 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Fish; Mitigation; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Physical Damage; Substrate
Moltu, U. E. and L. Pinturier. 2008. Zero harmful impact from drilling discharges: Where are the limits? Pages 988-1002 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corporate Responses; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Toxics
Bonaldo, R. M. and D. R. Bellwood. 2008. Size-dependent variation in the functional role of the parrotfish Scarus rivulatus on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360:237-244. 2008 Australia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Salisbury, J., M. Green, C. Hunt, and J. Campbell. 2008. Coastal Acidification by Rivers: A Threat to Shellfish? EOS Transactions 89:513-514. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Discharges; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Pipeline Maintenance Best Practices: Lessons Learned from the Natural Gas STAR Program. Charlotte (North Carolina). 2008 Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines
Baker, A.C., P.W. Glynn, B. Riegl. 2008. Climate change and coral reef bleaching: an ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 80:435-471. 2008 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India Review; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Morton, B. and R. N. Bamber. 2008. The joint Swire Institute of Marine Science, Hong Kong, and Natural History Museum, London, Hong Kong Submarine Caves Expedition, 2002: Discussion, conclusions and recommendations for conservation. Journal of Natural History 42:971-977. 2008 Japan; Philippines Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Chang, Y.C., F.W. Hong, and M.T. Lee. 2008. A system dynamic based DSS for sustainable coral reef management in Kenting coastal zone, Taiwan. Ecological Modelling 211:153-168. 2008 Taiwan Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Sewage Treatment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
O'Leary, J., J. C. Braga, and T. McClanahan. 2008. The Effect Of Fisheries Management On Species-Composition Of Crustose Coralline Algae, With Implications For Coral Recruitment. in Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium. 2008 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R., M. Ateweberhan, and J. Omukoto. 2008. Long-term changes in coral colony size distributions on Kenyan reefs under different management regimes and across the 1998 bleaching event. Marine Biology 153:755-768. 2008 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Stony Coral
Hunter, H. M. and R. S. Walton. 2008. Land-use effects on fluxes of suspended sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus from a river catchment of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 356:131-146. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Munoz-Perez, J. J. 2008. Artificial reefs to improve and protect fishing grounds. Recent Patents on Engineering 2:80-86. 2008 Review Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Doerge, B. C. and C. Smith. 2008. Mechanisms of erosion of volcanic soils on non-agricultural lands in guam. Pages 419-429 in American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2008. 2008 Guam Agriculture; Coastal Defense; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Military; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection
Munday, P. L., G. P. Jones, M. S. Pratchett, and A. J. Williams. 2008. Climate change and the future for coral reef fishes. Fish and Fisheries 9:261-285. 2008 Global Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Temperatures
Reitzel, A. M., J. C. Sullivan, N. Traylor-Knowles, and J. R. Finnerty. 2008. Genomic survey of candidate stress-response genes in the estuarine anemone Nematostella vectensis. Biological Bulletin 214:233-254. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrients; Pathogens; Salinity; Stony Coral
Delaunoy, O., N. Gracias, and R. Garcia. 2008. Towards detecting changes in underwater image sequences. in OCEANS'08 MTS/IEEE Kobe-Techno-Ocean'08 - Voyage toward the Future, OTO'08. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Storms & Hurricanes
Guidetti, P., E. Vierucci, and S. Bussotti. 2008. Differences in escape response of fish in protected and fished Mediterranean rocky reefs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:625-627. 2008 United Kingdom Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Sammarco, P. W. 2008. Crises on coral reefs and in coral reef science in the 21st century: The need for a new peer-review system. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 8:109-119. 2008 Global Review; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Pathogens
Cherubin, L. M., C. P. Kuchinke, and C. B. Paris. 2008. Ocean circulation and terrestrial runoff dynamics in the Mesoamerican region from spectral optimization of SeaWiFS data and a high resolution simulation. Coral Reefs 27:503-519. 2008 Honduras Model; Remote Sensing Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McClanahan, T. R. 2008. Response of the coral reef benthos and herbivory to fishery closure management and the 1998 ENSO disturbance. Oecologia 155:169-177. 2008 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Payros, A. and V. Pujalte. 2008. Calciclastic submarine fans: An integrated overview. Earth-Science Reviews 86:203-246. 2008 Review; Model Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Blanco, A. C., K. Nadaoka, and T. Yamamoto. 2008. Planktonic and benthic microalgal community composition as indicators of terrestrial influence on a fringing reef in Ishigaki Island, Southwest Japan. Marine Environmental Research 66:520-535. 2008 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Algae; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Loper, C., R. Pomeroy, V. Hoon, P. McConney, M. Pena, A. Sanders, G. Sriskanthan, S. Vergara, M. Pido, R. Vave, C. Vieux, I. Wanyonyi. 2008. Socioeconomic conditions along the world�s tropical coasts: 2008. Conservation International. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Micronesia; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Fairclough, D. V., K. R. Clarke, F. J. Valesini, and I. C. Potter. 2008. Habitat partitioning by five congeneric and abundant Choerodon species (Labridae) in a large subtropical marine embayment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:446-456. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Finfish Harvest; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Mitsuguchi, T., P. X. Dang, H. Kitagawa, T. Uchida, and Y. Shibata. 2008. Coral Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca records in Con Dao Island off the Mekong Delta: Assessment of their potential for monitoring ENSO and East Asian monsoon. Global and Planetary Change 63:341-352. 2008 China Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Su, D. T., T. L. Liu, and C. H. Ou. 2008. Numerical investigation into effects of seabed topography on flows in and around artificial reefs. Fisheries Science 74:236-254. 2008 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Fish
Sheppard, C. R. C., A. Harris, and A. L. S. Sheppard. 2008. Archipelago-wide coral recovery patterns since 1998 in the Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362:109-117. 2008 Global; Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral
Cook, S. E., K. W. Conway, and B. Burd. 2008. Status of the glass sponge reefs in the Georgia Basin. Marine Environmental Research 2008 Columbia GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sediment; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Williams, I. D., W. J. Walsh, R. E. Schroeder, A. M. Friedlander, B. L. Richards, and K. A. Stamoulis. 2008. Assessing the importance of fishing impacts on Hawaiian coral reef fish assemblages along regional-scale human population gradients. Environmental Conservation 35:261-272. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hern�ndez, J. C., S. Clemente, C. Sangil, and A. Brito. 2008. The key role of the sea urchin Diadema aff. antillarum in controlling macroalgae assemblages throughout the Canary Islands (eastern subtropical Atlantic): an spatio-temporal approach. Marine Environmental Research 66:259-270. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Boats; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Wells, R. J. D., J. H. Cowan Jr., and W. F. Patterson III. 2008. Habitat use and the effect of shrimp trawling on fish and invertebrate communities over the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65:1610-1619. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Invertebrate Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
NOAA. 2008. Coral reef conservation program roadmap for the future: a plan for developing CRCP direction through 2015. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Springs, MD. 2008 GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest
Mikes, T., D. Christ, R. Petri, I. Dunkl, D. Frei, M. Baldi-Beke, J. Reitner, K. Wemmer, H. Hrvatovic, and H. Eynatten. 2008. Provenance of the Bosnian Flysch. in Swiss Journal of Geosciences. 2008 Sediment
YAO, G.-s., S.-q. YUAN, S.-g. WU, and C. ZHONG. 2008. Double provenance depositional model and exploration prospect in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development 35:685-691. 2008 China Model Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment
Kerwath, S. E., A. Gotz, C. G. Attwood, and W. H. H. Sauer. 2008. The effect of marine protected areas on an exploited population of sex-changing temperate reef fish: An individual-based model. African Journal of Marine Science 30:337-350. 2008 Oman; South Africa Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Rodriguez-Cabello, C., F. Sanchez, A. Serrano, and I. Olaso. 2008. Effects of closed trawl fishery areas on some elasmobranch species in the Cantabrian Sea. Journal of Marine Systems 72:418-428. 2008 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Steyn, E., P. J. Fielding, and M. H. Schleyer. 2008. The artisanal fishery for East Coast rock lobsters Panulirus homarus along the Wild Coast, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 30:497-506. 2008 South Africa Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Yao, Y.-J., N.-Y. Wu, B. Xia, and R.-S. Wan. 2008. Petroleum geology of the Zengmu basin in the southern South China Sea. Geology in China 35:503-513. 2008 China Coal Mining; Sediment
Hautmann, M., M. J. Benton, and A. Tomasovych. 2008. Catastrophic ocean acidification at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen 249:119-127. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Leujak, W. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2008. Reef walking on Red Sea reef flats - Quantifying impacts and identifying motives. Ocean and Coastal Management 51:755-762. 2008 Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Trampling
Fukunaga, A. and J. H. Bailey-Brock. 2008. Benthic infaunal communities around two artificial reefs in Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Environmental Research 65:250-263. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Jupiter, S. D. and G. S. Marion. 2008. Changes in forest area along stream networks in an agricultural catchment of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Environmental Management 42:66-79. 2008 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Burns, K. A., G. Brunskill, D. Brinkman, and I. Zagorskis. 2008. Organic carbon and nutrient fluxes to the coastal zone from the Sepik River outflow. Continental Shelf Research 28:283-301. 2008 Papua New Guinea Carbon Storage & Cycling; Discharges; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lloret, J. and V. Riera. 2008. Evolution of a mediterranean coastal zone: Human impacts on the marine environment of cape creus. Environmental Management 42:977-988. 2008 Cuba Boating Activities; Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Leitao, F., M. N. Santos, K. Erzini, and C. C. Monteiro. 2008. Fish assemblages and rapid colonization after enlargement of an artificial reef off the Algarve coast (Southern Portugal). Marine Ecology 29:435-448. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Trip, E. L., J. H. Choat, D. T. Wilson, and D. R. Robertson. 2008. Inter-oceanic analysis of demographic variation in a widely distributed Indo-Pacific coral reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:97-109. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kleczkowski, M., R. C. Babcock, and G. Clapin. 2008. Density and size of reef fishes in and around a temperate marine reserve. Marine and Freshwater Research 59:165-176. 2008 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Smit, M.G.D., K.I.E. Holthaus, H.C. Trannum, J.M. Neff, G. Kjeilen-Eilertsen, R.G. Jak, I. Singsaas, M.A.J. Huijbregts, A.J. Hendriks. 2008. Species Sensitivity Distributions for Suspended Clays, Sediment Burial, and Grain Size Change in the Marine Environment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27:1006-1012. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Sediment
Evans, R. D., G. R. Russ, and J. P. Kritzer. 2008. Batch fecundity of Lutjanus carponotatus (Lutjanidae) and implications of no-take marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 27:179-189. 2008 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish
Mislan, K. A. S. and R. C. Babcock. 2008. Survival and behaviour of juvenile red rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, on rocky reefs with varying predation pressure and habitat complexity. Marine and Freshwater Research 59:246-253. 2008 Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Bouchon, C., P. Portillo, M. Louis, F. Mazeas, and Y. Bouchon-Navaro. 2008. Recent evolution of the coral reefs of Guadeloupe and Saint- Barthelemy Islands [evolution recente des recifs coralliens des îles de la Guadeloupe et de Saint-Barthelemy]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:45-65. 2008 Antilles Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Chancerelle, Y. 2008. Coral reefs of Wallis and Futuna: Biological monitoring, health and future [Les recifs coralliens de Wallis et Futuna: Suivi biologique, etat de sante et perspectives d'avenir]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:133-143. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Fiji; Samoa; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest
Kitada, Y., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, and T. Oomori. 2008. Distribution of pesticides and bisphenol A in sediments collected from rivers adjacent to coral reefs. Chemosphere 71:2082-2090. 2008 Japan Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mohammed, T. A. and M. H. Yassien. 2008. Bivalve assemblages on living coral species in the northern Red Sea, Egypt. Journal of Shellfish Research 27:1217-1223. 2008 Cuba; Egypt Bivalves; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral
Segal, B., H. Evangelista, M. Kampel, A. C. Goncalves, P. S. Polito, and E. A. dos Santos. 2008. Potential impacts of polar fronts on sedimentation processes at Abrolhos coral reef (South-West Atlantic Ocean/Brazil). Continental Shelf Research 28:533-544. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, and J. Pfitzner. 2008. Biogeochemistry of inter-reef sediments on the northern and central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:407-420. 2008 Australia; Cuba Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment
Tibbetts, J. 2008. Bleached, but not by the sun: sunscreen linked to coral damage. Environmental Health Perspectives 116. 2008 Sunscreen Use
Qin, J.-Z., Q.-Q. Meng, and X.-D. Fu. 2008. Three hydrocarbon generation and accumulation processes of marine carbonate rocks in northeastern Sichuan Basin, China. Shiyou Kantan Yu Kaifa/Petroleum Exploration and Development 35:548-556. 2008 China Natural Gas & Electric Power
Ryan, K. E., J. P. Walsh, D. R. Corbett, and A. Winter. 2008. A record of recent change in terrestrial sedimentation in a coral-reef environment, La Parguera, Puerto Rico: A response to coastal development? Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1177-1183. 2008 Puerto Rico; Europe Coastal Development; Sediment
Olsson, P., C. Folke, and T. P. Hughes. 2008. Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:9489-9494. 2008 Global; Australia; Oman Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff
Magnusson, M., K. Heimann, and A. P. Negri. 2008. Comparative effects of herbicides on photosynthesis and growth of tropical estuarine microalgae. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1545-1552. 2008 Australia Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production
Takada, Y., O. Abe, and T. Shibuno. 2008. Cryptic assemblages in coral-rubble interstices along a terrestrial-sediment gradient. Coral Reefs 27:665-675. 2008 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Heyman, W. D. and B. Kjerfve. 2008. Characterization of transient multi-species reef fish spawning aggregations at Gladden Spit, Belize. Bulletin of Marine Science 83:531-551. 2008 South & Central America; Belize Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Leujak, W. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2008. Quantifying acceptable levels of visitor use on Red Sea reef flats. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:930-944. 2008 Egypt Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
O'Hara, T. D., A. A. Rowden, and A. Williams. 2008. Cold-water coral habitats on seamounts: Do they have a specialist fauna? Diversity and Distributions 14:925-934. 2008 Australia Climate; Ocean Acidity; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Guinotte, J. M. and V. J. Fabry. 2008. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:320-342. 2008 Review Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses
Shaw, C. M., P. K. S. Lam, and J. F. Mueller. 2008. Photosystem II herbicide pollution in Hong Kong and its potential photosynthetic effects on corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 57:473-478. 2008 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Perkol-Finkel, S., G. Zilman, I. Sella, T. Miloh, and Y. Benayahu. 2008. Floating and fixed artificial habitats: Spatial and temporal patterns of benthic communities in a coral reef environment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:491-500. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sponges
McClenachan, L. and A. B. Cooper. 2008. Extinction rate, historical population structure and ecological role of the Caribbean monk seal. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275:1351-1358. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Finfish Harvest
Campbell, K. A., D. A. Francis, M. Collins, M. R. Gregory, C. S. Nelson, J. Greinert, and P. Aharon. 2008. Hydrocarbon seep-carbonates of a Miocene forearc (East Coast Basin), North Island, New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology 204:83-105. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment
DeMartini, E. E., A. M. Friedlander, S. A. Sandin, and E. Sala. 2008. Differences in fish-assemblage structure between fished and unfished atolls in the northern Line Islands, central Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:199-215. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Pierre, S., S. Gaillard, N. Prevot-D'Alvise, J. Aubert, O. Rostaing-Capaillon, D. Leung-Tack, and J.-P. Grillasca. 2008. Grouper aquaculture: Asian success and Mediterranean trials. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:297-308. 2008 Taiwan Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Monetary Valuation; Piscivorous Fish
Salvat, B., A. Aubanel, M. Adjeroud, P. Bouisset, D. Calmet, Y. Chancerelle, N. Cochennec, N. Davies, A. Fougerousse, R. Galzin, E. Lagouy, C. Lo, C. Monier, C. Ponsonnet, G. Remoissenet, D. Schneider, A. Stein, M. Tatarata, and L. Villiers. 2008. Monitoring of French Polynesia coral reefs and their recent development [Le suivi de l'etat des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise et leur recente evolution]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:145-177. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Nutrients; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies
Tessier, E., L. Bigot, C. Cadet, B. Cauvin, P. Chabanet, C. Conand, J.-B. Nicet, and J.-P. Quod. 2008. Coral reefs of Reunion Island in 2007: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de la Reunion en 2007: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:85-102. 2008 Global; Indian Ocean; Reunion; India; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes
Wantiez, L. 2008. Coral reefs of New Caledonia in 2006: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de nouvelle-caledonie en 2006: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:117-132. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Cruise Ships; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Mining; Mining Policies; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Flamand, B., G. Cabioch, C. Payri, and B. Pelletier. 2008. Nature and biological composition of the New Caledonian outer barrier reef slopes. Marine Geology 250:157-179. 2008 New Caledonia Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Foubert, A., D. Depreiter, T. Beck, L. Maignien, B. Pannemans, N. Frank, D. Blamart, and J.-P. Henriet. 2008. Carbonate mounds in a mud volcano province off north-west Morocco: Key to processes and controls. Marine Geology 248:74-96. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mora, C. 2008. A clear human footprint in the coral reefs of the Caribbean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275:767-773. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008]. 2008 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rhodes, K. L. and M. H. Tupper. 2007. A preliminary market-based analysis of the Pohnpei, Micronesia, grouper (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) fishery reveals unsustainable fishing practices. Coral Reefs 26:335-344. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Graham, N. A. J., S. K. Wilson, S. Jennings, N. V. C. Polunin, J. Robinson, J. P. Bijoux, and T. M. Daw. 2007. Lag effects in the impacts of mass coral bleaching on coral reef fish, fisheries, and ecosystems. Conservation Biology 21:1291-1300. 2007 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Guidetti, P. 2007. Potential of marine reserves to cause community-wide changes beyond their boundaries. Conservation Biology 21:540-545. 2007 Finfish Harvest; Sea Urchins
Nisbet, E. G., N. V. Grassineau, C. J. Howe, P. I. Abell, M. Regelous, and R. E. R. Nisbet. 2007. The age of Rubisco: The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Geobiology 5:311-335. 2007 CO2; Primary Production
Halpern, B. S., K. A. Selkoe, F. Micheli, and C. V. Kappel. 2007. Evaluating and ranking the vulnerability of global marine ecosystems to anthropogenic threats. Conservation Biology 21:1301-1315. 2007 Global Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Point Source Discharges; Sea Temperatures
Santangelo, G., L. Bramanti, and M. Iannelli. 2007. Population dynamics and conservation biology of the over-exploited Mediterranean red coral. Journal of Theoretical Biology 244:416-423. 2007 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Octocoral
Chen, B. and G. Q. Chen. 2007. Resource analysis of the Chinese society 1980-2002 based on exergy-Part 4: Fishery and rangeland. Energy Policy 35:2079-2086. 2007 Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Hughes, T. P., D. R. Bellwood, C. S. Folke, L. J. McCook, and J. M. Pandolfi. 2007. No-take areas, herbivory and coral reef resilience. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:3-Jan. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ammar, M. S. A. 2007. Recovery patterns of corals at Shabror Umm Gam'ar Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt, after the 1998 outbreak of Acanthaster planci. Zoology in the Middle East 40:97-104. 2007 Egypt Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Octocoral; Seastars; Stony Coral
Anthony, K. R. N. and A. P. Kerswell. 2007. Coral mortality following extreme low tides and high solar radiation. Marine Biology 151:1623-1631. 2007 Australia Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rossi, S. and G. Tsounis. 2007. Temporal and spatial variation in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid levels in Corallium rubrum (Anthozoa, Octocorallia). Marine Biology 152:429-439. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Deforestation & Devegetation; Octocoral
Walker, S. J., T. A. Schlacher, and M. A. Schlacher-Hoenlinger. 2007. Spatial heterogeneity of epibenthos on artificial reefs: Fouling communities in the early stages of colonization on an East Australian shipwreck. Marine Ecology 28:435-445. 2007 Australia Model Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Complex Habitat & Resources; Invertebrates; Large Ships; Military; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Markey, K. L., A. H. Baird, C. Humphrey, and A. P. Negri. 2007. Insecticides and a fungicide affect multiple coral life stages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 330:127-137. 2007 Global Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Beaudreau, A. H. and T. E. Essington. 2007. Spatial, temporal, and ontogenetic patterns of predation on rockfishes by lingcod. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136:1438-1452. 2007 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish
Zhang, G., L. Mi, S. Wu, W. Tao, S. He, and J. Lu. 2007. Deepwater area - The new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea. Shiyou Xuebao/Acta Petrolei Sinica 28:15-21. 2007 China Coal Mining; Water Depth & Sea Level
Zdanaviciute, O. and J. Lazauskiene. 2007. The petroleum potential of the silurian succession in Lithuania. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30:325-337. 2007
Brown-Saracino, J., P. Peckol, H. Allen Curran, and M. L. Robbart. 2007. Spatial variation in sea urchins, fish predators, and bioerosion rates on coral reefs of Belize. Coral Reefs 26:71-78. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Mallela, J., C. Roberts, C. Harrod, and C. R. Goldspink. 2007. Distributional patterns and community structure of Caribbean coral reef fishes within a river-impacted bay. Journal of Fish Biology 70:523-537. 2007 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gershwin, L.-A. 2007. Malo kingi: A new species of Irukandji jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), possibly lethal to humans, from Queensland, Australia. Zootaxa 55-68. 2007 Australia Discharges; Tourism & Recreation
Bostock, H. C., B. P. Brooke, D. A. Ryan, G. Hancock, T. Pietsch, R. Packett, and K. Harle. 2007. Holocene and modern sediment storage in the subtropical macrotidal Fitzroy River estuary, Southeast Queensland, Australia. Sedimentary Geology 201:321-340. 2007 Australia Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kaiser, M. J. and R. Kasprzak. 2007. Louisiana adds new reef sites for storm-damaged structures. Oil and Gas Journal 105. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Infrastructure; Storms & Hurricanes
Sheng, J., L. Wang, S. Andrefouet, C. Hu, B. G. Hatcher, F. E. Muller-Karger, B. Kjerfve, W. D. Heyman, and B. Yang. 2007. Upper ocean response of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System to Hurricane Mitch and coastal freshwater inputs: A study using Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color data and a nested-grid ocean circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 112. 2007 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Model Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fleitmann, D., R. B. Dunbar, M. McCulloch, M. Mudelsee, M. Vuille, T. R. McClanahan, J. E. Cole, and S. Eggins. 2007. East African soil erosion recorded in a 300 year old coral colony from Kenya. Geophysical Research Letters 34. 2007 Kenya Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
LeFebvre, M. J. 2007. Zooarchaeological analysis of prehistoric vertebrate exploitation at the Grand Bay Site, Carriacou, West Indies. Coral Reefs 26:931-944. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest
Ziegler, P. E., J. M. Lyle, M. Haddon, and G. P. Ewing. 2007. Rapid changes in life-history characteristics of a long-lived temperate reef fish. Marine and Freshwater Research 58:1096-1107. 2007 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huvenne, V. A. I., W. R. Bailey, P. M. Shannon, J. Naeth, R. di Primio, J. P. Henriet, B. Horsfield, H. de Haas, A. Wheeler, and K. Olu-Le Roy. 2007. The Magellan mound province in the Porcupine Basin. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96:85-101. 2007 Model Sediment
Scales, H., A. Balmford, and A. Manica. 2007. Impacts of the live reef fish trade on populations of coral reef fish off northern Borneo. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274:989-994. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Live Collection; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Cinner, J. E., S. G. Sutton, and T. G. Bond. 2007. Socioeconomic thresholds that affect use of customary fisheries management tools. Conservation Biology 21:1603-1611. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Dambacher, J. M., D. T. Brewer, D. M. Dennis, M. Macintyre, and S. Foale. 2007. Qualitative modelling of gold mine impacts on Lihir Island's socioeconomic system and reef-edge fish community. Environmental Science and Technology 41:555-562. 2007 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Sediment
Ehrhardt, N. M. and V. K. W. Deleveaux. 2007. The Bahamas' Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) fishery - two assessment methods applied to a data - deficient coastal population. Fisheries Research 87:17-27. 2007 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
De Santo, E. M. and P. J. S. Jones. 2007. Offshore marine conservation policies in the North East Atlantic: Emerging tensions and opportunities. Marine Policy 31:336-347. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Derse, E., K. L. Knee, S. D. Wankel, C. Kendall, C. J. Berg Jr., and A. Paytan. 2007. Identifying sources of nitrogen to Hanalei Bay, Kauai, utilizing the nitrogen isotope signature of macroalgae. Environmental Science and Technology 41:5217-5223. 2007 Algae; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Remediation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
House, K. Z., C. H. House, D. P. Schrag, and M. J. Aziz. 2007. Electrochemical acceleration of chemical weathering as an energetically feasible approach to mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Environmental Science and Technology 41:8464-8470. 2007 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Point Source Discharges
Donner, S. D., T. R. Knutson, and M. Oppenheimer. 2007. Model-based assessment of the role of human-induced climate change in the 2005 Caribbean coral bleaching event. 39453. 2007 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures; Storms & Hurricanes
Cooper, K., S. Boyd, J. Aldridge, and H. Rees. 2007. Cumulative impacts of aggregate extraction on seabed macro-invertebrate communities in an area off the east coast of the United Kingdom. Journal of Sea Research 57:288-302. 2007 United Kingdom Field Study & Monitoring; Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Invertebrates; Sediment
Herro, A. 2007. Eye on earth: South Pacific to be protected from destructive fishing. World Watch 20:4. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sonnenholzner, J. I., L. B. Ladah, and K. D. Lafferty. 2007. Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:77-85. 2007 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
Kershaw, S., Y. Li, and L. Guo. 2007. Micritic fabrics define sharp margins of Wenlock patch reefs (middle Silurian) in Gotland and England. Geological Society Special Publication 87-94. 2007 England Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Algae; Sediment
Uthicke, S. and K. McGuire. 2007. Bacterial communities in Great Barrier Reef calcareous sediments: Contrasting 16S rDNA libraries from nearshore and outer shelf reefs. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:188-200. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator Cyanobacteria; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Campbell, S. J., M. S. Pratchett, A. W. Anggoro, R. L. Ardiwijaya, N. Fadli, Y. Herdiana, T. Kartawijaya, D. Mahyiddin, A. Mukminin, S. T. Pardede, E. Rudi, A. M. Siregar, and A. H. Baird. 2007. Disturbance to coral reefs in Aceh, Northern Sumatra: Impacts of the Sumatra-Andaman tsunami and pre-tsunami degradation. Atoll Research Bulletin 55-78. 2007 Indonesia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Turf Algae
Sanchiricho, J. N. and J. E. Wilen. 2007. Sustainable use of renewable resources: implications of spatial-dynamic ecological and economic processes. International review of Environmental and Resource Economics 1:367-405. 2007 Review; Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management
Zaker, N. H., J. Imberger, and C. Pattiaratchi. 2007. Dynamics of the coastal boundary layer off Perth, Western Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 23:1112-1130. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cainey, J. M., M. Keywood, E. K. Bigg, M. R. Grose, R. W. Gillett, and M. Meyer. 2007. Flux chamber study of particle formation from Durvillaea potatorum. Environmental Chemistry 4:151-154. 2007 Light
Klaus, J. S., I. Janse, J. M. Heikoop, R. A. Sanford, and B. W. Fouke. 2007. Coral microbial communities, zooxanthellae and mucus along gradients of seawater depth and coastal pollution. Environmental Microbiology 9:1291-1305. 2007 Antilles Algae; Light; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level; Waterborne Discharges; Zooxanthellae
Musat, N., O. Giere, A. Gieseke, F. Thiermann, R. Amann, and N. Dubilier. 2007. Molecular and morphological characterization of the association between bacterial endosymbionts and the marine nematode Astomonema sp. from the Bahamas: Brief report. Environmental Microbiology 9:1345-1353. 2007 Bahamas Marine Worms; Sediment
Cinner, J. E. 2007. Designing marine reserves to reflect local socioeconomic conditions: Lessons from long-enduring customary management systems. Coral Reefs 26:1035-1045. 2007 Papua New Guinea Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Roebeling, P. C., C. S. Fletcher, D. W. Hilbert, and J. Udo. 2007. Welfare gains from urbanizing landscapes in Great Barrier Reef catchments? A spatial environmental-economic modelling approach. Pages 737-749 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2007 Australia Model Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Chateau, O. and L. Wantiez. 2007. Site fidelity and activity patterns of a humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus (Labridae), as determined by acoustic telemetry. Environmental Biology of Fishes 80:503-508. 2007 Cuba; New Caledonia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Brennan, N. P., K. M. Leber, and B. R. Blackburn. 2007. Use of coded-wire and visible implant elastomer tags for marine stock enhancement with juvenile red snapper Lutjanus campechanus. Fisheries Research 83:90-97. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
[No author name available]. 2007. Alien invaders - Nowhere to hide. Pages 31-33 MER - Marine Engineers Review. 2007 Review Ballast Discharge; Collaboration & Partnering; Cruise Ships
Erlandson, J. M., M. H. Graham, B. J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J. A. Estes, and R. S. Steneck. 2007. The kelp highway hypothesis: Marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2:161-174. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Poty, E. and E. Chevalier. 2007. Late Frasnian phillipsastreid biostromes in Belgium. Geological Society Special Publication 143-161. 2007 Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cheung, W. W. L., R. Watson, T. Morato, T. J. Pitcher, and D. Pauly. 2007. Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:12-Jan. 2007 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Risk, M. J., R. B. Nairn, and M. O. Kolberg. 2007. Factors influencing the long-term stability of the carbonate sand beaches of mauritius. in Coastal Sediments '07 - Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Processes. 2007 Mauritius Model Coastal Engineering; Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Starr, R. M., E. Sala, E. Ballesteros, and M. Zabala. 2007. Spatial dynamics of the Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus in a Caribbean atoll. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:239-249. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Shakeri, A., J. Douraghinejad, and M. Moradpour. 2007. Microfacies and sedimentary environments of the late Oligocene-early Miocene Qom Formation of the Gooreh Berenji region (Jandaq area, central Iran). GeoArabia 12:41-60. 2007 Iran Field Study & Monitoring Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Santos, M. N. and C. C. Monteiro. 2007. A fourteen-year overview of the fish assemblages and yield of the two oldest Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal). Hydrobiologia 580:225-231. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Webster, N. S. 2007. Sponge disease: A global threat? Environmental Microbiology 9:1363-1375. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Papua New Guinea; Caribbean; Mexico Review Agriculture; Climate; Cyanobacteria; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Sponges
Marcus, J. E., M. A. Samoilys, J. J. Meeuwig, Z. A. D. Villongco, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2007. Benthic status of near-shore fishing grounds in the central Philippines and associated seahorse densities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1483-1494. 2007 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral
Lein, A. YU ., O. YU . Bogdanova, YU .A . Bogdanov, and L. I. Magazina. 2007. Mineralogical and geochemical features of authigenic carbonates on seepings and hydrothermal fields (By the examples of the Black Sea reefs and the mounds of the lost city field). Oceanology 47:537-553. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms
Treude, T., V. Orphan, K. Knittel, A. Gieseke, C. H. House, and A. Boetius. 2007. Consumption of methane and CO2 by methanotrophic microbial mats from gas seeps of the anoxic Black Sea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:2271-2283. 2007 Cuba CO2; Microorganisms
Seaman, W. 2007. Artificial habitats and the restoration of degraded marine ecosystems and fisheries. Hydrobiologia 580:143-155. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Cuba; Pacific Ocean; Japan; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Henriksen, H. J., P. Rasmussen, G. Brandt, D. von Bulow, and F. V. Jensen. 2007. Public participation modelling using Bayesian Networks in management of groundwater contamination. Environmental Modelling & Software 22:1101-1113. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Chemical Use Regulations; Decision Support; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Powers, M. J., C. H. Peterson, H. C. Summerson, and S. P. Powers. 2007. Macroalgal growth on bivalve aquaculture netting enhances nursery habitat for mobile invertebrates and juvenile fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 339:109-122. 2007 Algae; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Seagrasses
Islam, A., L. Wang, C. Smith, S. Reddy, A. Lewis, and A. Smith. 2007. Evaluation of satellite remote sensing for operational monitoring of sediment plumes produced by dredging at Hay Point, Queensland, Australia. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Pichel, W. G., J. H. Churnside, T. S. Veenstra, D. G. Foley, K. S. Friedman, R. E. Brainard, J. B. Nicoll, Q. Zheng, and P. Clemente-Colon. 2007. Marine debris collects within the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1207-1211. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Whales & Dolphins
Kulbicki, M., S. Sarramegna, Y. Letourneur, L. Wantiez, R. Galzin, G. Mou-Tham, C. Chauvet, and P. Thollot. 2007. Opening of an MPA to fishing: Natural variations in the structure of a coral reef fish assemblage obscure changes due to fishing. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 353:145-163. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Hughes, T. P., M. J. Rodrigues, D. R. Bellwood, D. Ceccarelli, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, L. McCook, N. Moltschaniwskyj, M. S. Pratchett, R. S. Steneck, and B. Willis. 2007. Phase Shifts, Herbivory, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs to Climate Change. Current Biology 17:360-365. 2007 Australia Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Reed, J. K., C. C. Koenig, and A. N. Shepard. 2007. Impacts of bottom trawling on a deep-water Oculina coral ecosystem off Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:481-496. 2007 Florida Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Su, D.-T., T.-L. Liu, and C.-H. Ou. 2007. A comparison of the PIV measurements and numerical predictions of the flow field patterns within an artificial reef. Pages 2239-2245 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Fish
Beaumont, J. 2007. Concrete ideas for inshore fisheries. Planet Earth 30-31. 2007 Oman; Europe Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector
Wielgus, J., F. Ballantyne IV, E. Sala, and L. R. Gerber. 2007. Viability analysis of reef fish populations based on limited demographic information. Conservation Biology 21:447-454. 2007 South & Central America; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Salah, H. and A. Adjrad. 2007. Carbon whisker formation under fast particle irradiation. Surface and Coatings Technology 201:8560-8563. 2007 Discharges; Substrate
Doorm-Groen, S. and T. Foster. 2007. Facts not theory. Pages 36-38 Dredging and Port Construction. 2007 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Mangi, S. C. and C. M. Roberts. 2007. Factors influencing fish catch levels on Kenya's coral reefs. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14:245-253. 2007 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McKinnon, A. D., J. H. Carleton, and S. Duggan. 2007. Pelagic production and respiration in the Gulf of Papua during May 2004. Continental Shelf Research 27:1643-1655. 2007 Cuba Discharges; Plankton; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Recio, J. and H. Oumeraci. 2007. Effect of deformations on the hydraulic stability of coastal structures made of geotextile sand containers. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 25:278-292. 2007 Model Artificial Habitat; Storms & Hurricanes
Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, F. R. Gell, and C. Dytham. 2007. Effects of trap fishing on reef fish communities. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:111-132. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Raeini, L. L., H. Negarestan, and A. J. Khoee. 2007. An ecological investigation on colonization of fresh water artificial reefs. Journal of Environmental Hydrology 15:9-Jan. 2007 Iran Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Surface & Groundwater Flow
De Pippo, T. and C. Petrosino. 2007. Innovative littoral preserving technologies within the European coastal management. Pages 253-258 in Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Advanced Technology in the Environmental Field, ATEF 2006. 2007 Europe Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Wetlands
Littler, M. M. and D. S. Littler. 2007. Assessment of coral reefs using herbivory/nutrient assays and indicator groups of benthic primary producers: A critical synthesis, proposed protocols, and critique of management strategies. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17:195-215. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Brooke, S. and R. Stone. 2007. Reproduction of deep-water hydrocorals (family Stylasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:519-532. 2007 Cuba Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Sponges
Wright, D. A., R. Dawson, C. E. Orano-Dawson, and S. M. Moesel. 2007. A test of the efficacy of a ballast water treatment system aboard the vessel Coral Princess. Marine Technology 44:57-67. 2007 Florida; Panama; Columbia Ballast Discharge; Cruise Ships; Light
Raymundo, L. J., A. P. Maypa, E. D. Gomez, and P. Cadiz. 2007. Can dynamite-blasted reefs recover? A novel, low-tech approach to stimulating natural recovery in fish and coral populations. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1009-1019. 2007 Southeast Asia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Kankara, R. S. and B. R. Subramanian. 2007. Oil spill sensitivity analysis and risk assessment for Gulf of Kachchh, India, using integrated modeling. Journal of Coastal Research 23:1251-1258. 2007 India Model; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills; Transportation Policies
Thiel, M., E. C. Macaya, E. Acuna, W. E. Arntz, H. Bastias, K. Brokordt, P. A. Camus, J. C. Castilla, L. R. Castro, M. Cortes, C. P. Dumont, R. Escribano, M. Fernandez, J. A. Gajardo, C. F. Gaymer, I. Gomez, A. E. Gonzalez, H. E. Gonzalez, P. A. Haye, and J.-E. Illanes. 2007. The Humboldt Current System of northern and central Chile - Oceanographic processes, ecological interactions and socioeconomic feedback. Oceanography and Marine Biology 45:195-344. 2007 South & Central America Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Price, A. R. G., M. J. Keeling, and I. N. Stewart. 2007. A robustness metric integrating spatial and temporal information: Application to coral reefs exposed to local and regional disturbances. Marine Ecology Progress Series 331:101-108. 2007 Global; Indian Ocean; India; Thailand Index or Indicator Climate; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sea Temperatures; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Saathoff, F., H. Oumeraci, and S. Restall. 2007. Australian and German experiences on the use of geotextile containers. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 25:251-263. 2007 Australia Model Artificial Habitat; Climate; Coastal Engineering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Cardona, L., M. Sales, and D. Lopez. 2007. Changes in fish abundance do not cascade to sea urchins and erect algae in one of the most oligotrophic parts of the Mediterranean. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:273-282. 2007 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Turner, P. and H. Sherif. 2007. A giant Late Triassic-Early Jurassic evaporitic basin on the Saharan Platform, North Africa. Geological Society Special Publication 87-105. 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA)
Simpson, B. W. 2007. Lessons for achieving effective management from field research on agrochemicals. Pages 338-359 in ACS Symposium Series. 2007 Australia; Mauritius Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rudershausen, P. J., J. A. Buckel, and E. H. Williams. 2007. Discard composition and release fate in the snapper and grouper commercial hook-and-line fishery in North Carolina, USA. Fisheries Management and Ecology 14:103-113. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
USCG. 2007. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Florida Keys. 2007 Florida Coastal Defense; Petroleum Spills
Martinez, M. D. C. G., P. R. Romero, and A. T. Banaszak. 2007. Photoinduced toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene, on the coral, Porites divaricata. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 42:1495-1502. 2007 Cuba Light; Stony Coral
McField, M. and P. Kramer. 2007. Healthy reefs for healthy people: A guide to indicators of reef health and social well-being in the Mesoamerican Reef region. 1-218. 2007 Global Index or Indicator Climate; Coastal Development; Tourism & Recreation
Guitart, C., A. Sheppard, T. Frickers, A. R. G. Price, and J. W. Readman. 2007. Negligible risks to corals from antifouling booster biocides and triazine herbicides in coastal waters of the Chagos Archipelago. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:226-232. 2007 Chagos Archipelago Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Dearden, P., M. Bennett, and R. Rollins. 2007. Perceptions of diving impacts and implications for reef conservation. Coastal Management 35:305-317. 2007 Cuba; Thailand Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Perkol-Finkel, S. and Y. Benayahu. 2007. Differential recruitment of benthic communities on neighboring artificial and natural reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 340:25-39. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Octocoral; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Sabdono, A., S. Kang, H.-G. Hur, H.-P. Grossart, M. Simon, and O. K. Radjasa. 2007. Organophosphate pesticide concentrations in coral tissues of Indonesian coastal waters. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10:1926-1929. 2007 Java; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Skeletal Coral
Tsehaye, I., M. A. M. Machiels, and L. A. J. Nagelkerke. 2007. Rapid shifts in catch composition in the artisanal Red Sea reef fisheries of Eritrea. Fisheries Research 86:58-68. 2007 Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Little, L. R., A. E. Punt, B. D. Mapstone, F. Pantus, A. D. M. Smith, C. R. Davies, and A. D. McDonald. 2007. ELFSim-A model for evaluating management options for spatially structured reef fish populations: An illustration of the \larval subsidy\" effect". Ecological Modelling 205:381-396. 2007 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Vincent, A. C. J., J. J. Meeuwig, M. G. Pajaro, and N. C. Perante. 2007. Characterizing a small-scale, data-poor, artisanal fishery: Seahorses in the central Philippines. Fisheries Research 86:207-215. 2007 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Tittensor, D. P., F. Micheli, M. Nystrom, and B. Worm. 2007. Human impacts on the species-area relationship in reef fish assemblages. Ecology Letters 10:760-772. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Kott, P. 2007. New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (part 4). Journal of Natural History 41:1163-1211. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; Cuba; India Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Terashima, H., M. Sato, H. Kawasaki, and D. Thiam. 2007. Quantitative biological assessment of a newly installed artificial reef in Yenne, Senegal. Zoological Studies 46:69-82. 2007 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Friedlander, A. M., E. Brown, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Defining reef fish habitat utilization patterns in Hawaii: Comparisons between marine protected areas and areas open to fishing. Marine Ecology Progress Series 351:221-233. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Donner, S. D. and D. Potere. 2007. The inequity of the global threat to coral reefs. Bioscience 57:214-215. 2007 Global Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Waterborne Discharges
Hardy, R., S. M. Jones, and R. W. Hobbs. 2007. Imaging the water column using seismic reflection data. Pages 1731-1735 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 69th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition 2007 - \Securing the Future\"". 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Fish; Salinity; Shoreline Protection
Yang, S., L. Li, and C. Shi. 2007. Decision-making support system for vessel automatic anti-grounding and anti-reef. Pages 2356-2361 in International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2007, ICTE 2007. 2007 Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Water Depth & Sea Level
Reimer, J. D., F. Sinniger, Y. Fujiwara, S. Hirano, and T. Maruyama. 2007. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia:Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep. Invertebrate Systematics 21:255-262. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Sediment
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2007. Drift rhodophyte blooms emerge in Lee County, Florida, USA: Evidence of escalating coastal eutrophication. Harmful Algae 6:421-437. 2007 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Leon, R., L. Somoza, T. Medialdea, F. J. Gonzalez, V. Diaz-del-Rio, M. C. Fernandez-Puga, A. Maestro, and M. P. Mata. 2007. Sea-floor features related to hydrocarbon seeps in deepwater carbonate-mud mounds of the Gulf of Cadiz: From mud flows to carbonate precipitates. Geo-Marine Letters 27:237-247. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Williams, A. J., B. D. Mapstone, and C. R. Davies. 2007. Spatial patterns in cohort-specific mortality of red throat emperor, Lethrinus miniatus, on the Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research 84:328-337. 2007 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Storms & Hurricanes
Eapaea, M. P., D. Parry, and B. Noller. 2007. Dynamics of arsenic in the mining sites of Pine Creek Geosyncline, Northern Australia. Science of the Total Environment 379:201-215. 2007 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Zamzow, J. P. 2007. Ultraviolet-absorbing compounds in the mucus of shallow-dwelling tropical reef fishes correlate with environmental water clarity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:263-271. 2007 South & Central America; Panama; Iran; Caribbean Fish; Light; Sunscreen Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smajgl, A. and P. C. Gehrke. 2007. Integrating economic and ecological modelling in the great barrier reef catchments. IAHS-AISH Publication 107-115. 2007 Australia Model Agriculture; Climate; Funding & Incentives; Non-point Source Runoff
Tsai, C.-C., J.-H. Liao, H.-H. Wang, and Z.-Y. Hseu. 2007. Effects of typhoon disturbances on soil microbial activities in an uplifted coral reef tropical forest, Southern Taiwan. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 22:265-279. 2007 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Pala, C. 2007. Life on the mean reefs. Science 318:1719. 2007 Finfish Harvest; Fish
Lu, Y.-Q. and Y.-M. Gong. 2007. On reefs in association with marine oilfields: Actuality, problems and prospects. Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences 32:871-878. 2007 China Sediment
Diedrich, A. 2007. The impacts of tourism on coral reef conservation awareness and support in coastal communities in Belize. Coral Reefs 26:985-996. 2007 South & Central America; Belize Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Villareal, T. A., S. Hanson, S. Qualia, E. L. E. Jester, H. R. Granade, and R. W. Dickey. 2007. Petroleum production platforms as sites for the expansion of ciguatera in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Harmful Algae 6:253-259. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Gotz, A., S. E. Kerwath, C. G. Attwood, and W. H. H. Sauer. 2007. Comparison of the effects of different linefishing methods on catch composition and capture mortality of South African temperate reef fish. African Journal of Marine Science 29:177-185. 2007 Oman; South Africa Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Water Depth & Sea Level
Akiyama, S., E. Saito, and T. Watanabe. 2007. Relationship between soak time and number of enmeshed animals in experimentally lost gill nets. Fisheries Science 73:881-888. 2007 Japan Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, and J. Pfitzner. 2007. Deposition, mineralization, and storage of carbon and nitrogen in sediments of the far northern and northern Great Barrier Reef shelf. Continental Shelf Research 27:2595-2622. 2007 Australia; Cuba; Europe CO2; Discharges; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Graham, N. A. J., T. R. McClanahan, Y. Letourneur, and R. Galzin. 2007. Anthropogenic stressors, inter-specific competition and ENSO effects on a Mauritian coral reef. Environmental Biology of Fishes 78:57-69. 2007 Global; Indian Ocean; Mauritius; India Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Fishing Sector; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Moura, A., D. Boaventura, J. Curdia, S. Carvalho, L. Cancela Da Fonseca, F. M. Leitao, M. N. Santos, and C. C. Monteiro. 2007. Effect of depth and reef structure on early macrobenthic communities of the Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal). Hydrobiologia 580:173-180. 2007 Artificial Habitat
Judd, A., P. Croker, L. Tizzard, and C. Voisey. 2007. Extensive methane-derived authigenic carbonates in the Irish Sea. Geo-Marine Letters 27:259-267. 2007 Europe GIS & Maps Sediment
Diaz, S., S. Lavorel, F. de Bello, F. Quetier, K. Grilgulis, and T. M. Robson. 2007. Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:20684-20689. 2007 Global Model Landscape Changes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Taylor, P. D., P. Kuklinski, and D. P. Gordon. 2007. Branch diameter and depositional depth in cyclostome bryozoans: Testing a potential paleobathymetric tool. Palaios 22:220-224. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Sponges
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Military; Mitigation; Schools & Colleges
Hwang, S. 2007. Page 111 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. St. Croix, USVI. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Drinking Water Supply; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Schools & Colleges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Nicoletti, L., S. Marzialetti, D. Paganelli, and G. D. Ardizzone. 2007. Long-term changes in a benthic assemblage associated with artificial reefs. Hydrobiologia 580:233-240. 2007 Cuba Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McBride, R. S. and M. R. Johnson. 2007. Sexual development and reproductive seasonality of hogfish (Labridae: Lachnolaimus maximus), an hermaphroditic reef fish. Journal of Fish Biology 71:1270-1292. 2007 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
Jones, R. J. 2007. Chemical contamination of a coral reef by the grounding of a cruise ship in Bermuda. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:905-911. 2007 Bermuda Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cruise Ships; Remediation; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Toxics
Turner, R. A., A. Cakacaka, N. A. J. Graham, N. V. C. Polunin, M. S. Pratchett, S. M. Stead, and S. K. Wilson. 2007. Declining reliance on marine resources in remote South Pacific societies: Ecological versus socio-economic drivers. Coral Reefs 26:997-1008. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Climate; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Seijo, J. C. 2007. Considerations for management of metapopulations in small-scale fisheries of the Mesoamerican barrier reef ecosystem. Fisheries Research 87:86-91. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Monetary Valuation
Palmtag, M. R. and G. J. Holt. 2007. Experimental studies to evaluate larval survival of the fire shrimp, Lysmata debelius, to the juvenile stage. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38:102-113. 2007 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Mallela, J. and C. T. Perry. 2007. Calcium carbonate budgets for two coral reefs affected by different terrestrial runoff regimes, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. Coral Reefs 26:129-145. 2007 Jamaica Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jia, C., B. Li, X. Zhang, and C. Li. 2007. Formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins. Chinese Science Bulletin 52:11-Jan. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; India; China Coal Mining; Sediment
Zhao, M. J., S. C. Zhang, L. Zhao, and J. Da. 2007. Geochemical features and genesis of the natural gas and bitumen in paleo-oil reservoirs of Nanpanjiang Basin, China. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 50:689-701. 2007 China Natural Gas & Electric Power
Zhang, Z., G. Li, L. Yang, and X. Ning. 2007. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by novel bioactive mineral carriers. Pages 394-399 in Battelle Press - 9th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium 2007. 2007 Lab Study Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Remediation
Morgan, S. K. and A. C. J. Vincent. 2007. The ontogeny of habitat associations in the tropical tiger tail seahorse Hippocampus comes Cantor, 1850. Journal of Fish Biology 71:701-724. 2007 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Algae; Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral
Taquet, M., G. Sancho, L. Dagorn, J.-C. Gaertner, D. Itano, R. Aumeeruddy, B. Wendling, and C. Peignon. 2007. Characterizing fish communities associated with drifting fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Western Indian Ocean using underwater visual surveys. Aquatic Living Resource 20:331-341. 2007 Indian Ocean; Seychelles; Reunion; India Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC. 2007 Aquaculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Nordemar, I., G. L. Sjoo, E. Mork, and T. R. McClanahan. 2007. Effects of estimated herbivory on the reproductive potential of four East African algal species - A mechanism behind ecosystem shifts on coral reefs? Hydrobiologia 575:57-68. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins
Nuraini, S., E. C. Carballo, W. L. T. Van Densen, M. A. M. Machiels, H. J. Lindeboom, and L. A. J. Nagelkerke. 2007. Utilization of seagrass habitats by juvenile groupers and snappers in Banten Bay, Banten Province, Indonesia. Hydrobiologia 591:85-98. 2007 Indonesia Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Yasuoka, K., T. Hirosako, T. Hoshino, Y. Suenaga, H. Kakegawa, and M. Yamanaka. 2007. Techniques for improvement of marine environment including the biological production using the industry by-product. in OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition
Pears, R. J., J. H. Choat, B. D. Mapstone, and G. A. Begg. 2007. Reproductive biology of a large, aggregation-spawning serranid, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål): Management implications. Journal of Fish Biology 71:795-817. 2007 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Falcao, M., M. N. Santos, M. Vicente, and C. C. Monteiro. 2007. Biogeochemical processes and nutrient cycling within an artificial reef off Southern Portugal. Marine Environmental Research 63:429-444. 2007 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment
Lin, H.-J., C.-Y. Wu, S.-J. Kao, W.-Y. Kao, and P.-J. Meng. 2007. Mapping anthropogenic nitrogen through point sources in coral reefs using δ15N in macroalgae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:95-109. 2007 Taiwan Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Tourism & Recreation
Mangi, S. C., C. M. Roberts, and L. D. Rodwell. 2007. Reef fisheries management in Kenya: Preliminary approach using the driver-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) scheme of indicators. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:463-480. 2007 Kenya Review; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Leujak, W. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2007. Visitor perceptions and the shifting social carrying capacity of South Sinai's coral reefs. Environmental Management 39:472-489. 2007 Egypt Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Tsounis, G., S. Rossi, J.-M. Gili, and W. E. Arntz. 2007. Red coral fishery at the costa brava (NW Mediterranean): Case study of an overharvested precious coral. Ecosystems 10:975-986. 2007 Cuba; Spain Review; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Special Use Permitting
Babcock, R. C., J. C. Phillips, M. Lourey, and G. Clapin. 2007. Increased density, biomass and egg production in an unfished population of Western Rock Lobster (Panulirus cygnus) at Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 58:286-292. 2007 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Tupper, M. 2007. Identification of nursery habitats for commercially valuable humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus and large groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) in Palau. Marine Ecology Progress Series 332:189-199. 2007 Palau Algae; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Leitao, F., M. N. Santos, and C. C. Monteiro. 2007. Contribution of artificial reefs to the diet of the white sea bream (Diplodus sargus). ICES Journal of Marine Science 64:473-478. 2007 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Sumaila, U.R., William W. L. Cheung and Louise The. 2007. Rebuilding Hong Kong's marine fisheries: an evaluation of management options. FCRR 2007, Vol. 15(3), Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. 2007 Columbia; China Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fagan, K. E. and F. T. Mackenzie. 2007. Air-sea CO2 exchange in a subtropical estuarine-coral reef system, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Chemistry 106:174-191. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nakamura, Y., H. Kawasaki, and M. Sano. 2007. Experimental analysis of recruitment patterns of coral reef fishes in seagrass beds: Effects of substrate type, shape, and rigidity. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 71:559-568. 2007 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Claro, R., K. Cantelar, F. P. Amargos, and J. P. Garcia-Arteaga. 2007. Changes in fish communities of coral reefs at Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba [Cambios en las comunidades de peces de los arrecifes coralinos del Archipielago Sabana-Camaguey, Cuba]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 55:537-547. 2007 Cuba Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Substrate
Jones, A., S. J. Slade, A. J. Williams, B. D. Mapstone, and K. J. Kane. 2007. Pitfalls and benefits of involving industry in fisheries research: A case study of the live reef fish industry in Queensland, Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:428-442. 2007 Australia Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Mumby, P. J., A. R. Harborne, J. Williams, C. V. Kappel, D. R. Brumbaugh, F. Micheli, K. E. Holmes, C. P. Dahlgren, C. B. Paris, and P. G. Blackwell. 2007. Trophic cascade facilitates coral recruitment in a marine reserve. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104:8362-8367. 2007 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Haapkyla, J., F. Ramade, and B. Salvat. 2007. Oil pollution on coral reefs: A review of the state of knowledge and management needs. Vie et Milieu 57:95-111. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Downs, C. and A. Downs. 2007. Preliminary examination of short-term cellular toxicological responses of the coral Madracis mirabilis to acute Irgarol 1051 exposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52:47-57. 2007 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Vargas-Angel, B., E.C. Peters, E. Kramarsky-Winter, D.S. Gilliam, R.E. Dodge. 2007. Cellular reactions to sedimentation and temperature stress in the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 95:140-145. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Harvey, L. D. D. 2007. Dangerous anthropogenic interference, dangerous climatic change, and harmful climatic change: Non-trivial distinctions with significant policy implications. Climatic change 82:25-Jan. 2007 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton
Brotto, D. S., W. Krohling, and I. R. Zalmon. 2007. Comparative evaluation of fish assemblages census on an artificial reef. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24:1157-1162. 2007 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Arena, P. T., L. K. B. Jordan, and R. E. Spieler. 2007. Fish assemblages on sunken vessels and natural reefs in southeast Florida, USA. Hydrobiologia 580:157-171. 2007 Florida; Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Tribollet, A. D. and P. S. Vroom. 2007. Temporal and spatial comparison of the relative abundance of macroalgae across the Mariana Archipelago between 2003 and 2005. Phycologia 46:187-197. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Turf Algae
McClanahan, T. R., M. Carreiro-Silva, and M. DiLorenzo. 2007. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorous, and their interaction on coral reef algal succession in Glover's Reef, Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1947-1957. 2007 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Turf Algae
Guidetti, P. and E. Sala. 2007. Community-wide effects of marine reserves in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 335:43-56. 2007 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins
Holliday, D., T. C. Stieglitz, P. V. Ridd, and W. W. Read. 2007. Geological controls and tidal forcing of submarine groundwater discharge from a confined aquifer in a coastal sand dune system. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 112. 2007 Australia Model Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Moore, S. A. and A. Polley. 2007. Defining indicators and standards for tourism impacts in protected areas: Cape Range National Park, Australia. Environmental Management 39:291-300. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Tourism & Recreation
Roman, G. S. J., P. Dearden, and R. Rollins. 2007. Application of zoning and \limits of acceptable change\" to manage snorkelling tourism". Environmental Management 39:819-830. 2007 Thailand Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Cantin, N. E., A. P. Negri, and B. L. Willis. 2007. Photoinhibition from chronic herbicide exposure reduces reproductive output of reef-building corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 344:81-93. 2007 Australia Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Seymour, C. 2007. Transferring patients with a urinary catheter. Nursing times 103:52-54. 2007 Discharges; Medical Centers
Sutton, S. G. and S. L. Bushnell. 2007. Socio-economic aspects of artificial reefs: Considerations for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:829-846. 2007 Australia Review Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Vince, J. 2007. Policy responses to IUU fishing in Northern Australian waters. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:683-698. 2007 Australia; Indonesia Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest
Banse, K. 2007. Do we live in a largely top-down regulated world? Journal of Biosciences 32:791-796. 2007 India Review Finfish Harvest
Cooper, J. A. G., D. A. Lewis, and O. H. Pilkey. 2007. Fetch-limited barrier islands: Overlooked coastal landforms. GSA Today 17:9-Apr. 2007 Global Coastal Development; Mangroves; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dodds, L. A., J. M. Roberts, A. C. Taylor, and F. Marubini. 2007. Metabolic tolerance of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) to temperature and dissolved oxygen change. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349:205-214. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Pait, A. S., D. R. Whitall, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, A. L. Mason, J. D. Christensen, M. E. Monaco, and J. Ramirez. 2007. An Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in the Marine Sediments of Southwest Puerto Rico. NOAA/NOS/Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD. 2007 Puerto Rico Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics
Sayer, M. D. J. and C. Poonian. 2007. The influences of census technique on estimating indices of macrofaunal population density in the temperate rocky subtidal zone. Underwater Technology 27:119-139. 2007 Cuba Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. 2007. Sediment Production From Natural And Disturbed Surfaces In Dry Tropical Areas Of La Parguera-Pr, 2003-2005. Pages 1-5 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies
Whalan, S., C. Battershill, and R. De Nys. 2007. Variability in reproductive output across a water quality gradient for a tropical marine sponge. Marine Biology 153:163-169. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator Discharges; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pais, A., L. A. Chessa, S. Serra, A. Ruiu, G. Meloni, and Y. Donno. 2007. The impact of commercial and recreational harvesting for Paracentrotus lividus on shallow rocky reef sea urchin communities in North-western Sardinia, Italy. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:589-597. 2007 Europe Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Huvaz, O., H. Sarikaya, and T. Isik. 2007. Petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential analysis of the northwestern Uralsk basin, NW Kazakhstan, by utilizing 3D basin modeling methods. Marine and Petroleum Geology 24:247-275. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model
Levner, E., J. Ganoulis, I. Linkov, and Y. Benayahu. 2007. Multiobjective risk/cost analysis of artificial marine systems using decision trees and fuzzy expert estimations. Pages 161-174 in NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security. 2007 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Finfish Harvest
Guerin, A. J., A. C. Jensen, and D. Jones. 2007. Artificial reef properties of North Sea oil and gas production platforms. in OCEANS 2007 - Europe. 2007 Europe Artificial Habitat; Oil & Gas Rigs
Zlatarski, V.N. 2007. Scleractinians of Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico: Results of 1983-1984 Investigation. Oceanides 22:45-116. 2007 South & Central America; Cuba; Belize; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Sasal, P., D. Mouillot, R. Fichez, S. Chifflet, and M. Kulbicki. 2007. The use of fish parasites as biological indicators of anthropogenic influences in coral-reef lagoons: A case study of Apogonidae parasites in New-Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1697-1706. 2007 Index or Indicator Fish; Wastewater Discharge
Teh, L. S. L., D. Zeller, A. Cabanban, L. C. L. Teh, and U. R. Sumaila. 2007. Seasonality and historic trends in the reef fisheries of Pulau Banggi, Sabah, Malaysia. Coral Reefs 26:251-263. 2007 Malaysia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Valentine, J. F., K. L. Heck Jr., D. Blackmon, M. E. Goecker, J. Christian, R. M. Kroutil, K. D. Kirsch, B. J. Peterson, M. Beck, and M. A. Vanderklift. 2007. Food web interactions along seagrass-coral reef boundaries: Effects of piscivore reductions on cross-habitat energy exchange. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333:37-50. 2007 Florida Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Ten Voorde, M., J. S. Antunes Do Carmo, and M. G. Neves. 2007. Numerical simulations for the design of a multi-functional artificial reef for Leirosa coast, Portugal. International Journal of Ecodynamics 2:124-132. 2007 Model Artificial Habitat
Thanner, S. E., T. L. McIntosh, and S. M. Blair. 2006. Development of benthic and fish assemblages on artificial reef materials compared to adjacent natural reef assemblages in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:57-70. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Mitigation
Guidetti, P. 2006. Marine reserves reestablish lost predatory interactions and cause community changes in rocky reefs. Ecological Applications 16:963-976. 2006 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins
Arvedlund, M., K. Iwao, T. M. Brolund, and A. Takemura. 2006. Juvenile Thalassoma amblycephalum Bleeker (Labridae, Teleostei) dwelling among the tentacles of sea anemones: A cleanerfish with an unusual client? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 329:161-173. 2006 Japan; Indonesia Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Steadman, D. W. and S. Jones. 2006. Long-term trends in prehistoric fishing and hunting on Tobago, West Indies. Latin American Antiquity 17:316-334. 2006 Tobago; India Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Sea Turtles
Downs, C. A., R. H. Richmond, W. J. Mendiola, L. Rougee, and G. K. Ostrander. 2006. Cellular physiological effects of the MV Kyowa Violet fuel-oil spill on the hard coral, Porites lobata. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:3171-3180. 2006 Micronesia Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Voss, J. D. and L. L. Richardson. 2006. Nutrient enrichment enhances black band disease progression in corals. Coral Reefs 25:569-576. 2006 Lab Study Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Dikou, A. and R. Van Woesik. 2006. Partial colony mortality reflects coral community dynamics: A fringing reef study near a small river in Okinawa, Japan. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:269-280. 2006 Japan Index or Indicator Discharges; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pradal, M.-A. and B. Millet. 2006. Spatial heterogeneity of wind forcing: application to artificial reef functioning influenced by the circulation in the Bay of Marseilles, France [Heterogeneite spatiale du forcage du vent : fonctionnement des recifs artificiels et circulation des e. Comptes Rendus - Biologies 329:541-550. 2006 France Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat
Henry, L.-A., E. L. R. Kenchington, T. J. Kenchington, K. G. MacIsaac, C. Bourbonnais-Boyce, and D. C. Gordon Jr. 2006. Impacts of otter trawling on colonial epifaunal assemblages on a cobble bottom ecosystem on Western Bank (northwest Atlantic). Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:63-78. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Tunicates
Yamamoto, K., Y. Iryu, T. Sato, S. Chiyonobu, K. Sagae, and E. Abe. 2006. Responses of coral reefs to increased amplitude of sea-level changes at the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 241:160-175. 2006 Climate; Sediment
Day-Lewis, F. D., E. A. White, C. D. Johnson, J. W. Lane, and M. Belaval. 2006. Continuous resistivity profiling to delineate submarine groundwater discharge - Examples and limitations. Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) 25:724-728. 2006 Discharges; Nutrients; Resource Use Management; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mackie, M. C. 2006. Anatomical changes to the gonad during protogynous sex change in the half-moon grouper Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes). Journal of Fish Biology 69:176-186. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Bigot, L., C. Conand, J. M. Amouroux, P. Frouin, H. Bruggemann, and A. Gremare. 2006. Effects of industrial outfalls on tropical macrobenthic sediment communities in Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean). Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:865-880. 2006 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Noe, S., J. Titschack, A. Freiwald, and W.-C. Dullo. 2006. From sediment to rock: Diagenetic processes of hardground formation in deep-water carbonate mounds of the NE Atlantic. Facies 52:183-208. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Microorganisms; Plankton; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Steiner, S. C. C. and S. M. Williams. 2006. A recent increase in the abundance of the echinoid Diadema antillarum in Dominica (Lesser Antilles): 2001-2005. Revista de Biologia Tropical 54:97-103. 2006 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heemstra, P. C., K. Hissmann, H. Fricke, M. J. Smale, and J. Schauer. 2006. Fishes of the deep demersal habitat at Ngazidja (Grand Comoro) Island, Western Indian Ocean. South African Journal of Science 102:444-460. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Huang, X., D. Jiao, L. Lu, J. Huang, and S. Xie. 2006. Distribution and geochemical implication of aromatic hydrocarbons across the Meishan Permian-Triassic boundary. Journal of China University of Geosciences 17:49-54. 2006 China Index or Indicator Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sediment
Roberts, D. E., A. R. Davis, and S. P. Cummins. 2006. Experimental manipulation of shade, silt, nutrients and salinity on the temperate reef sponge Cymbastela concentrica. Marine Ecology Progress Series 307:143-154. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Salinity; Sponges
Carbery, K., R. Owen, T. Frickers, E. Otero, and J. Readman. 2006. Contamination of Caribbean coastal waters by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:635-644. 2006 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Primary Production
Dixon, C. D., R. W. Day, S. M. H. Huchette, and S. A. Shepherd. 2006. Successful seeding of hatchery-produced juvenile greenlip abalone to restore wild stocks. Fisheries Research 78:179-185. 2006 Australia Finfish Harvest
Fox, H. E. and R. L. Caldwell. 2006. Recovery from blast fishing on coral reefs: A tale of two scales. Ecological Applications 16:1631-1635. 2006 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral
Tinsman, J. C. and W. H. Whitmore. 2006. Aerial flight methodology to estimate and monitor trends in fishing effort on Delaware artificial reef sites. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:167-176. 2006 Global Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Watanuki, N. and B. J. Gonzales. 2006. The potential of artificial reefs as fisheries management tools in developing countries. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:19-Sep. 2006 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Baisre, J. A. and Z. Arboleya. 2006. Going against the flow: Effects of river damming in Cuban fisheries. Fisheries Research 81:283-292. 2006 Cuba Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Floeter, S. R., B. S. Halpern, and C. E. L. Ferreira. 2006. Effects of fishing and protection on Brazilian reef fishes. Biological Conservation 128:391-402. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Imbs, A. B., O. A. Demina, and D. A. Demidkova. 2006. Lipid class and fatty acid composition of the boreal soft coral Gersemia rubiformis. Lipids 41:721-725. 2006 Octocoral
Ota, Y. 2006. Fluid bodies in the sea: An ethnography of underwater spear gun fishing in Palau, Melaniesia. Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 10:205-219. 2006 Palau; Micronesia Finfish Harvest; Fish
Boland, R., B. Zgliczynski, J. Asher, A. Hall, K. Hogrefe, and M. Timmers. 2006. Dynamics of debris densities removal at the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands coral reefs. Atoll Research Bulletin 461-470. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Marine Debris; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fonseca E., A. C., H. K. Dean, and J. Cortes. 2006. Non-colonial coral macro-borers as indicators of coral reef status in the south Pacific of Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 54:101-115. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Costa Rica; Caribbean Index or Indicator Bivalves; Deforestation & Devegetation; Marine Worms; Sediment
Garrison, V. H., W. T. Foreman, S. Genualdi, D. W. Griffin, C. A. Kellogg, M. S. Majewski, A. Mohammed, A. Ramsubhag, E. A. Shinn, S. L. Simonich, and G. W. Smith. 2006. Saharan dust - A carrier of persistent organic pollutants, metals and microbes to the Caribbean? Revista de Biologia Tropical 54:21-Sep. 2006 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Trinidad; Tobago; Caribbean Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Schools & Colleges
Creque, S. M., M. J. Raffenberg, W. A. Brofka, and J. M. Dettmers. 2006. If you build it, will they come? Fish and angler use at a freshwater artificial reef. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 26:702-713. 2006 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Skeletal Coral
Rougee, L., C. A. Downs, R. H. Richmond, and G. K. Ostrander. 2006. Alteration of normal cellular profiles in the scleractinian coral (Pocillopora damicornis) following laboratory exposure to fuel oil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:3181-3187. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Paytan, A., G. G. Shellenbarger, J. H. Street, M. E. Gonneea, K. Davis, M. B. Young, and W. S. Moore. 2006. Submarine groundwater discharge: An important source of new inorganic nitrogen to coral reef ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography 51:343-348. 2006 Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sherman, R. L. and R. E. Spieler. 2006. Tires: Unstable materials for artificial reef construction. Pages 215-223 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2006 Florida; Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish; Physical Damage; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Tabosa, W. F. and H. Vital. 2006. Hydrodynamic forcings and environmental impacts on the coast and shelf of São Bento do Norte - NE/Brazil. Pages 165-174 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Oil & Gas Industry; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Tang, M., X. Li, and T. Wang. 2006. Research of high performance artificial reef for breeding abalone in sea water. Key Engineering Materials 398-404. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest
Chapman, M. G. and B. G. Clynick. 2006. Experiments testing the use of waste material in estuaries as habitat for subtidal organisms. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 338:164-178. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Infrastructure; Invertebrates
Burridge, C. Y., C. R. Pitcher, B. J. Hill, T. J. Wassenberg, and I. R. Poiner. 2006. A comparison of demersal communities in an area closed to trawling with those in adjacent areas open to trawling: A study in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Fisheries Research 79:64-74. 2006 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Campbell, S. J. and S. T. Pardede. 2006. Reef fish structure and cascading effects in response to artisanal fishing pressure. Fisheries Research 79:75-83. 2006 Indonesia Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lan, C.-H. and C.-Y. Hsui. 2006. The deployment of artificial reef ecosystem: Modelling, simulation and application. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 14:663-675. 2006 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Waste Management Policies
Noakes, S. E. and P. C. Jutte. 2006. Utilizing gamma isotope tracers to determine sediment source at reef sites near the Charleston Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:666-673. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pears, R. J., J. H. Choat, B. D. Mapstone, and G. A. Begg. 2006. Demography of a large grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, from Australia's Great Barrier Reef: Implications for fishery management. Marine Ecology Progress Series 307:259-272. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Live Collection; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Garla, R. C., D. D. Chapman, M. S. Shivji, B. M. Wetherbee, and A. F. Amorim. 2006. Habitat of juvenile Caribbean reef sharks, Carcharhinus perezi, at two oceanic insular marine protected areas in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Fisheries Research 81:236-241. 2006 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Hudson, J. H. and E. C. Franklin. 2006. Structural stabilization of a large Montastrea faveolata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) colony damaged by vessel impact. Caribbean Journal of Science 42:252-254. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Stony Coral
Miller, R. J., G. J. Sharp, and E. M. O'Brien. 2006. Laboratory experiments on artificial reefs for American lobsters. Journal of Crustacean Biology 26:621-627. 2006 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
Wilhelmsson, D., S. A. S. Yahya, and M. C. Ohman. 2006. Effects of high-relief structures on cold temperate fish assemblages: A field experiment. Marine Biology Research 2:136-147. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Planktivorous Fish
Ble, M. C., R. Arfi, A. F. Yeboua, and K. J. Diopoh. 2006. Food quality of the trophic sources provided by an acadja (Ebrie lagoon, Ivory Coast, West Africa) [Qualite nutritive des sources alimentaires au sein d'un Acadja (Lagune ebrie, Cote d'Ivoire, Afrique de L'Ouest)]. Vie et Milieu 56:255-264. 2006 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Housing; Sediment
Shellenbarger, G. G., S. G. Monismith, A. Genin, and A. Paytan. 2006. The importance of submarine groundwater discharge to the nearshore nutrient supply in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel). Limnology and Oceanography 51:1876-1886. 2006 Discharges; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Perkol-Finkel, S., G. Zilman, I. Sella, T. Miloh, and Y. Benayahu. 2006. Floating and fixed artificial habitats: Effects of substratum motion on benthic communities in a coral reef environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 317:20-Sep. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development
Mangi, S. C. and C. M. Roberts. 2006. Quantifying the environmental impacts of artisanal fishing gear on Kenya's coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:1646-1660. 2006 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Physical Damage; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Silvano, R. A. M., P. F. L. MacCord, R. V. Lima, and A. Begossi. 2006. When does this fish spawn? Fishermen's local knowledge of migration and reproduction of Brazilian coastal fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 76:371-386. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bortone, S. A. 2006. A perspective of artificial reef research: The past, present, and future. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:8-Jan. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Kuster, C., V. C. Vuki, and L. P. Zann. 2006. Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: A Fijian case study. Fisheries Management and Ecology 13:177-184. 2006 Fiji Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Invertebrates
Santos, M. N., P. G. Lino, P. Pousao-Ferreira, and C. C. Monteiro. 2006. Preliminary results of hatchery-reared seabreams released at artificial reefs off the algarve coast (Southern Portugal): A pilot study. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:177-184. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Reuter, M., T. C. Brachert, and K. F. Kroeger. 2006. Shallow-marine carbonates of the tropical-temperate transition zone: Effects of hinterland climate and basin physiography (late Miocene, Crete, Greece). Geological Society Special Publication 157-178. 2006 Climate; Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment
Toller, W. 2006. An investigation of anchor damage to the Frederiksted Reef System: Impacts to substrate, benthic communities, and reef fish assemblages. Disivision of Fish and Wildlife, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Frederiksted, USVI. 2006 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate; Turf Algae
Clua, E., P. Legendre, L. Vigliola, F. Magron, M. Kulbicki, S. Sarramegna, P. Labrosse, and R. Galzin. 2006. Medium scale approach (MSA) for improved assessment of coral reef fish habitat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 333:219-230. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Ruiz-Carus, R., R. E. Matheson Jr., D. E. Roberts Jr., and P. E. Whitfield. 2006. The western Pacific red lionfish, Pterois volitans (Scorpaenidae), in Florida: Evidence for reproduction and parasitism in the first exotic marine fish established in state waters. Biological Conservation 128:384-390. 2006 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Review Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fish; Invasive Species
Hilbert, K. W. 2006. Land cover change within the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve: 1974-2001. Journal of Coastal Research 22:1552-1557. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Remote Sensing Landscape Changes; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Reed, J. K., D. C. Weaver, and S. A. Pomponi. 2006. Habitat and fauna of deep-water Lophelia pertusa coral reefs off the southeastern U.S.: Blake Plateau, Straits of Florida, and Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:343-375. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico GIS & Maps Biomedical Research Policies; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Tissot, B. N., M. M. Yoklavich, M. S. Love, K. York, and M. Amend. 2006. Benthic invertebrates that form habitat on deep banks off southern California, with special reference to deep sea coral. Fishery Bulletin 104:167-181. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Octocoral; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kelley, C. and W. Ikehara. 2006. The impacts of bottomfishing on Raita and West St. Rogatien Banks in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 305-317. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cervino, J. M., K. Winiarski-Cervino, S. W. Polson, T. Goreau, and G. W. Smith. 2006. Identification of bacteria associated with a disease affecting the marine sponge Ianthella basta in New Britian, Papua New Guinea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 324:139-150. 2006 Papua New Guinea; Britain Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sponges
Kelley, C., R. Moffitt, and J. R. Smith. 2006. Mega- to micro-scale classification and description of bottomfish essential fish habitat on four banks in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 319-332. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate; Tunicates
Doving, K. B., O. B. Stabell, S. Ostlund-Nilsson, and R. Fisher. 2006. Site fidelity and homing in tropical coral reef cardinalfish: Are they using olfactory cues? Chemical Senses 31:265-272. 2006 Australia Artificial Habitat; Fish; Substrate
Ahmed, A. F., Y.-T. Hsieh, Z.-H. Wen, Y.-C. Wu, and J.-H. Sheu. 2006. Polyoxygenated sterols from the formosan soft coral Sinularia gibberosa. Journal of Natural Products 69:1275-1279. 2006 Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
[No author name available]. 2006. The further adventures of. Pages 44-47 Dredging and Port Construction. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Coal Mining; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Morgan, S. K. and S. A. Lourie. 2006. Threatened fishes of the world: Hippocampus comes cantor 1850 (Syngnathidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 75:311-313. 2006 Global; Thailand; Malaysia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Loh, T.-L., J. T. I. Tanzil, and L. M. Chou. 2006. Preliminary study of community development and scleractinian recruitment on fibreglass artificial reef units in the sedimented waters of Singapore. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:61-76. 2006 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Small Boats; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Olson, J. M. 2006. Photosynthesis in the Archean era. Photosynthesis Research 88:109-117. 2006 Australia; South Africa Cyanobacteria; Primary Production
Cinner, J. E. and T. R. McClanahan. 2006. Socioeconomic factors that lead to overfishing in small-scale coral reef fisheries of Papua New Guinea. Environmental Conservation 33:73-80. 2006 Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Raghukumar, C., M. S. Shailaja, P. S. Parameswaran, and S. K. Singh. 2006. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous media by the marine fungus NIOCC # 312: Involvement of lignin-degrading enzymes and exopolysaccharides. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 35:373-379. 2006 Seagrasses
Lindberg, W. J., T. K. Frazer, K. M. Portier, F. Vose, J. Loftin, D. J. Murie, D. M. Mason, B. Nagy, and M. K. Hart. 2006. Density-dependent habitat selection and performance by a large mobile reef fish. Ecological Applications 16:731-746. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Sommaruga, R., K. Whitehead, J. M. Shick, and C. S. Lobban. 2006. Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the Zooxanthella-Ciliate Symbiosis Maristentor dinoferus. Protist 157:185-191. 2006 Light; Sunscreen Use
Berman, D. J. 2006. Recycling from rhodes to reefs. Public Roads 70. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Solid Waste Disposal
Gerhardinger, L. C., R. C. Marenzi, A. A. Bertoncini, R. P. Medeiros, and M. Hostim-Silva. 2006. Local ecological knowledge on the goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Teleostei: Serranidae) in southern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 4:441-450. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Tonga Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Substrate
McCawley, J. R., J. H. Cowan Jr., and R. L. Shipp. 2006. Feeding periodicity and prey habitat preference of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860), on Alabama artificial reefs. Gulf of Mexico Science 24:14-27. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton
Gass, S. E. and J. M. Roberts. 2006. The occurrence of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) on oil and gas platforms in the North Sea: Colony growth, recruitment and environmental controls on distribution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:549-559. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Plankton; Stony Coral
Bjorn, L. O. and N. G. A. Ekelund. 2006. Corals and zooxanthellae - A marine partnership [Koraller och zooxantheller - Ett marint partnerskap]. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 100:263-270. 2006 Algae; Climate; CO2; Petroleum Spills; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Pederson, H. G. and C. R. Johnson. 2006. Predation of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma by rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) in no-take marine reserves. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:120-134. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
McLeod, E. and R. V. Salm. 2006. Managing mangroves for resilience to climate change. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 2006 Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Burke, L. and Z. Sugg. 2006. Hydrologic Modeling of Watersheds Discharging Adjacent to the Mesoamerican Reef. World Resource Institute. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Packham, G. H., G. M. Philip, and T. C. T. Hubble. 2006. Late Silurian or Early Devonian corals from the continental slope off southern New South Wales. Alcheringa 30:33-42. 2006 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Water Depth & Sea Level
Williams, I. D., W. J. Walsh, A. Miyasaka, and A. M. Friedlander. 2006. Effects of rotational closure on coral reef fishes in Waikiki-Diamond Head Fishery Management Area, Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Ecology Progress Series 310:139-149. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Weight, A. 2006. The potential development of the Newquay Surf Reef. Pages 74-88 in International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Weil, E. 2006. Diversity and relative abundance of corals, octocorals and sponges at Jaragua National Park, Dominican Republic [Diversidad y abundancia relativa de corales, octocorales y esponjas en el Parque Nacional Jaragua, Republica Dominicana.]. Revista de biología tropical 54:423-443. 2006 South & Central America; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Kott, P. 2006. Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters (1). Journal of Natural History 40:169-234. 2006 Australia; Cuba; South Africa Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Menza, C., J. Ault, J. Beets, J. Bohnsack, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, A. Friedlander, C. Jeffrey, M. Kendall, J. Luo, M. Monaco, S. Smith, and K. Woody. 2006. A guide to monitoring reef fish in the National Park Service�s South Florida/Caribbean Network. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 39. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Duzbastilar, F. O., A. Lok, A. Ulas, and C. Metin. 2006. Recent developments on artificial reef applications in Turkey: Hydraulic experiments. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:195-202. 2006 Model Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Vandeginste, V., R. Swennen, S. A. Gleeson, R. M. Ellam, K. Osadetz, and F. Roure. 2006. Development of secondary porosity in the Fairholme carbonate complex (southwest Alberta, Canada). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 89:394-397. 2006 CO2
Schroepfer, R. L. and S. T. Szedlmayer. 2006. Estimates of residence and site fidelity for red snapper Lutjanus campechanus on artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:93-101. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Underwood, J. N., P. B. Souter, E. R. Ballment, A. H. Lutz, and M. J. H. Van Oppen. 2006. Development of 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers from herbicide-bleached tissues of the brooding pocilloporid coral Seriatopora hystrix. Molecular Ecology Notes 6:176-178. 2006 Australia Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Mumby, P. J., J. D. Hedley, K. Zychaluk, A. R. Harborne, and P. G. Blackwell. 2006. Revisiting the catastrophic die-off of the urchin Diadema antillarum on Caribbean coral reefs: Fresh insights on resilience from a simulation model. Ecological Modelling 196:131-148. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; Jamaica; Caribbean Model Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Langlois, T. J., M. J. Anderson, R. C. Babcock, and S. Kato. 2006. Marine reserves demonstrate trophic interactions across habitats. Oecologia 147:134-140. 2006 Bivalves; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish
Moura, A., D. Boaventura, J. Curdia, M. N. Santos, and C. C. Monteiro. 2006. Biomass production of early macrobenthic communities at the Faro/Ancão artificial reef (Portugal): Effect of depth and reef layer. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:83-92. 2006 Artificial Habitat
Fabi, G., S. Manoukian, and A. Spagnolo. 2006. Feeding behavior of three common fishes at an artificial reef in the northern Adriatic Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:39-56. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Substrate
Hviding, E. 2006. Knowing and managing biodiversity in the Pacific Islands: Challenges of environmentalism in Marovo Lagoon. International Social Science Journal 58:69-85. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Solomon Islands Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
United Nations Environment Program - World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC). 2006. In the front line: shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Mexico Climate; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Tawa, M. 2006. Stone tidal weir fishing in the Penghu Islands, Taiwan, in the early 1910s. Japanese Journal of Human Geography 58:73-90. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Southeast Asia; Taiwan Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Small Boats
Mumby, P. J., C. P. Dahlgren, A. R. Harborne, C. V. Kappel, F. Micheli, D. R. Brumbaugh, K. E. Holmes, J. M. Mendes, K. Broad, J. N. Sanchirico, K. Buch, S. Box, R. W. Stoffle, and A. B. Gill. 2006. Fishing, Trophic Cascades, and the Process of Grazing on Coral Reefs. Science 311:98-101. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins
Lewis, J. B. 2006. Biology and Ecology of the Hydrocoral Millepora on Coral Reefs. Advances in Marine Biology 50:Jan-55. 2006 Algae; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2006. Birding in the United States: a demographic and economic analysis. Addendum to the 2006 national survey of fishing, hunting, and wildlife-associated recreation. Report 2006-4. 2006 Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Davenport, J. and J. L. Davenport. 2006. The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 67:280-292. 2006 Cuba Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Invasive Species; Land & Air Transportation; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Roberts, J. M., A. J. Wheeler, and A. Freiwald. 2006. Reefs of the deep: The biology and geology of cold-water coral ecosystems. Science 312:543-547. 2006 Review Ocean Acidity; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Mous, P. J., Y. Sadovy, A. Halim, and J. S. Pet. 2006. Capture for culture: Artificial shelters for grouper collection in SE Asia. Fish and Fisheries 7:58-72. 2006 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Esselman, P. C., M. C. Freeman, and C. M. Pringle. 2006. Fish-assemblage variation between geologically defined regions and across a longitudinal gradient in the Monkey River Basin, Belize. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 25:142-156. 2006 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Falace, A., E. Zanelli, and G. Bressan. 2006. Algal transplantation as a potential tool for artificial reef management and environmental mitigation. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:161-166. 2006 Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Mitigation
Atkinson, C., M. Renolds, and O. Hutapea. 2006. Stratigraphic traps in the Tertiary rift basins of Indonesia: Case studies and future potential. Geological Society Special Publication 105-126. 2006 Java; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring
Blyth-Skyrme, R. E., M. J. Kaiser, J. G. Hiddink, G. Edwards-Jones, and P. J. B. Hart. 2006. Conservation benefits of temperate marine protected areas: Variation among fish species. Conservation Biology 20:811-820. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing
Costa Jr., O. S., M. J. Attrill, and M. Nimmo. 2006. Seasonal and spatial controls on the delivery of excess nutrients to nearshore and offshore coral reefs of Brazil. Journal of Marine Systems 60:63-74. 2006 Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Yasumoto-Hirose, M., M. Nishijima, M. K. Ngirchechol, K. Kanoh, Y. Shizuri, and W. Miki. 2006. Isolation of marine bacteria by in situ culture on media-supplemented polyurethane foam. Marine Biotechnology 8:227-237. 2006 Microorganisms; Substrate
Palinkas, C. M., C. A. Nittrouer, and J. P. Walsh. 2006. Inner-shelf sedimentation in the Gulf of Papua, New Guinea: A mud-rich shallow shelf setting. Journal of Coastal Research 22:760-772. 2006 Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hyland, J., C. Cooksey, W. L. Balthis, M. Fulton, D. Bearden, G. McFall, and M. Kendall. 2006. The soft-bottom macrobenthos of Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and nearby shelf waters off the coast of Georgia, USA. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 330:307-326. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Toxics
Aguilar-Perera, A., M. Scharer, and M. Nemeth. 2006. Occurrence of Juvenile Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus (Teleostei: Serranidae), off Mona Island, Puerto Rico: Considerations of recruitment potential. Caribbean Journal of Science 42:264-267. 2006 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Ueda, Y., Y. Narimatsu, T. Hattori, M. Ito, D. Kitagawa, N. Tomikawa, and T. Matsuishi. 2006. Fishing efficiency estimated based on the abundance from virtual population analysis and bottom-trawl surveys of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus in the waters off the Pacific coast of northern Honshu, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 72:201-209. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Finfish Harvest; Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Wang, S.-W., S.-Y. Gong, H.-S. Mii, and C.-F. Dai. 2006. Cold-seep carbonate hardgrounds as the initial substrata of coral reef development in a siliciclastic paleoenvironment of southwestern Taiwan. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 17:405-427. 2006 Taiwan Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Substrate
Wilhelmsson, D., T. Malm, and M. C. Ohman. 2006. The influence of offshore windpower on demersal fish. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63:775-784. 2006 Europe Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Gaston, T. F., T. A. Schlacher, and R. M. Connolly. 2006. Flood discharges of a small river into open coastal waters: Plume traits and material fate. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 69:9-Apr. 2006 Australia Model Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goni, M. A., N. Monacci, R. Gisewhite, A. Ogston, J. Crockett, and C. Nittrouer. 2006. Distribution and sources of particulate organic matter in the water column and sediments of the Fly River Delta, Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 69:225-245. 2006 Papua New Guinea Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lambo, A. L. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2006. Continued post-bleaching decline and changed benthic community of a Kenyan coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:1617-1624. 2006 Global; Kenya Calcareous Macroalgae; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Restrepo, J. D., P. Zapata, J. M. Diaz, J. Garzon-Ferreira, and C. B. Garcia. 2006. Fluvial fluxes into the Caribbean Sea and their impact on coastal ecosystems: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Global and Planetary Change 50:33-49. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kline, D. I., J. Bryant, E. Kisflaudy, G. Rohwer, F. Nostropaur, J. Grayson, N. Knowlton, and F. Rohwer. 2006. The aquatic automated dosing and maintenance system (AADAMS). Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 4:184-192. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff
Einbinder, S., A. Perelberg, O. Ben-Shaprut, M. H. Foucart, and N. Shashar. 2006. Effects of artificial reefs on fish grazing in their vicinity: Evidence from algae presentation experiments. Marine Environmental Research 61:110-119. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Raina, S., W. P. Kang, J. L. Davidson, A. B. Bonds, D. E. Cliffel, and M. Howell. 2006. A novel \coral\" carbon microprobe with and without N2 incorporation". Diamond and Related Materials 15:1844-1848. 2006 Nutrients
Lan, C.-H. and C.-Y. Hsui. 2006. Insight from complexity: A new approach to designing the deployment of artificial reef communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:21-28. 2006 Model Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Camoin, G., G. Cabioch, A. Eisenhauer, J.-C. Braga, B. Hamelin, and G. Lericolais. 2006. Environmental significance of microbialites in reef environments during the last deglaciation. Sedimentary Geology 185:277-295. 2006 Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stanford, R. 2006. Lyme Bay - Testing the government's will on marine conservation. Ecos: CSIRO/Environmental Research 27:22-27. 2006 Finfish Harvest
Tsounis, G., S. Rossi, M. Aranguren, J.-M. Gili, and W. Arntz. 2006. Effects of spatial variability and colony size on the reproductive output and gonadal development cycle of the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum L.). Marine Biology 148:513-527. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Octocoral; Special Use Permitting
Nellemann, C. and E. Corcoran. 2006. Our precious coasts � Marine pollution, climate change and the resilience of coastal ecosystems. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID, Arendal, Norway. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Smith, M. D., J. Zhang, and F. C. Coleman. 2006. Effectiveness of marine reserves for large-scale fisheries management. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63:153-164. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Yum, S. 2006. Ubiquitin expression in soft coral (Scleronephthya gracillimum) exposed to environmental stresses. Korean Journal of Genetics 28:149-156. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Octocoral; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, B. L. Brooks, and B. E. Lapointe. 2006. Nutrient manipulation methods for coral reef studies: A critical review and experimental field data. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:242-253. 2006 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients
Ramade, F. and H. Roche. 2006. Pollutant effects on coral reefs ecosystems [Effets des polluants sur les ecosystemes recifaux]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 61:Mar-33. 2006 Global Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Poulsen, A., K. Burns, J. Lough, D. Brinkman, and S. Delean. 2006. Trace analysis of hydrocarbons in coral cores from Saudi Arabia. Organic Geochemistry 37:1913-1930. 2006 Australia; Saudi Arabia; Iran Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Claudet, J., D. Pelletier, J.-Y. Jouvenel, F. Bachet, and R. Galzin. 2006. Assessing the effects of marine protected area (MPA) on a reef fish assemblage in a northwestern Mediterranean marine reserve: Identifying community-based indicators. Biological Conservation 130:349-369. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Wilding, T. A. 2006. The benthic impacts of the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reef. Hydrobiologia 555:345-353. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Molluscs; Sediment
Chen, J., Z. Mao, D. Pan, and X. He. 2006. Capabilities of three satellite images to map coral reefs at Dong-Sha Atoll. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6406. 2006 China Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest
Zhang, Q., Q. Shi, G. Chen, T. C. W. Fong, D. C. C. Wong, H. Huang, H. Wang, and M. Zhao. 2006. Status monitoring and health assessment of Luhuitou fringing reef of Sanya, Hainan, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 51:81-88. 2006 China Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Abesamis, R. A., G. R. Russ, and A. C. Alcala. 2006. Gradients of abundance of fish across no-take marine reserve boundaries: Evidence from Philippine coral reefs. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:349-371. 2006 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish
McClanahan, T. R., E. Verheij, and J. Maina. 2006. Comparing the management effectiveness of a marine park and a multiple-use collaborative fisheries management area in East Africa. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:147-165. 2006 Kenya; Tanzania Algae; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Ashworth, J. S., O. E. Bruce, and M. El Hellw. 2006. Fish assemblages of Red Sea backreef biotopes. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:593-609. 2006 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ravlic, N. 2006. Influence of a shallow undersea reef on water mixing in coastal channels [Utjecaj plitkoga podmorskoga grebena na miješanje u priobalnim kanalima]. Gradjevinar 58:199-207. 2006 Model Wastewater Discharge
Calado, R. 2006. Marine ornamental species from European waters: A valuable overlooked resource or a future threat for the conservation of marine ecosystems? Scientia Marina 70:389-398. 2006 Europe Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Bloesch, P. M. and G. E. Rayment. 2006. Phosphorus fertility assessment of intensively farmed areas of catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area; 2: Potential of soils to release soluble phosphorus. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 37:2265-2276. 2006 Australia Index or Indicator Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Petersen, J. K. and T. Malm. 2006. Offshore windmill farms: Threats to or possibilities for the marine environment. Ambio 35:75-80. 2006 Europe Artificial Habitat
Chavez-Comparan, J. C. and R. Macias-Zamora. 2006. Structure of reef fish communities in the littoral of Colima, Mexico. Journal of Biological Sciences 6:65-75. 2006 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Coastal Development; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Waterborne Discharges
2006. Caltrans Statewide Sand Filter Study Stormwater Monitoring Report (CTSW-RT-06-128.01-1). 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Moffitt, R. B., J. Johnson, and G. Dinardo. 2006. Spatiotemporal analysis of lobster trap catches: Impacts of trap fishing on community structure. Atoll Research Bulletin 217-236. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Study Location Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Yang, N., X. Lu, X. Zhou, and D. Zheng. 2006. Hydrocarbon accumulation zones of carbonate in the Tarim basin. Acta Geologica Sinica 80:398-405. 2006 Sediment
Zou, C., S. Tao, and Z. Gu. 2006. Formation conditions and distribution rules of large lithologic oil-gas fields with low abundance in China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80:1739-1751. 2006 China Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Schleyer, M. H., J. M. Heikoop, and M. J. Risk. 2006. A benthic survey of Aliwal Shoal and assessment of the effects of a wood pulp effluent on the reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:503-514. 2006 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Encrusting Sponges; Sponges
Aronson, R.B. and W.F. Precht. 2006. Conservation, precaution, and Caribbean reefs. Coral Reefs 25:441-450. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish
Callaghan, D. P., P. Nielsen, N. Cartwright, M. R. Gourlay, and T. E. Baldock. 2006. Atoll lagoon flushing forced by waves. Coastal Engineering 53:691-704. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Kaczmarsky, L. T., M. Draud, and E.H. Williams. 2005. Is there a Relationship between Proximity to Sewage Effluent and Prevalence of Coral Diseases? Coral Reefs 41:124-137. 2005 US Virgin Islands Discharges; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Peterson, C. H. and M. J. Bishop. 2005. Assessing the environmental impacts of beach nourishment. Bioscience 55:887-896. 2005 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Mitigation; Sea Turtles; Water Depth & Sea Level
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Reviewing environmental impact statements for fishery management plans. Washington DC. 2005 Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Auster, P. J. 2005. Are deep-water corals important habitats for fishes? Pages 747-760 in Freiwald, A. and J. M. Roberts, editors. Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag. 2005 Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Delgado, G. A., R. A. Glazer and D. Wetzel. 2005. The Effects of Water Quality on Embryogenesis and Larval Development of Queen Conch: Implications for Recruitment to and Coastal Development of the Florida Keys. South Florida Water Management District #OT050676. 2005 Florida Coastal Development; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Snails & Conch
Strelcheck, A. J., J. H. Cowan Jr., and A. Shah. 2005. Influence of reef location on artificial-reef fish assemblages in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 77:425-440. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Stieglitz, T. 2005. Submarine groundwater discharge into the near-shore zone of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:51-59. 2005 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chan, G. L. 2005. A study of the effects of the San Francisco oil spill on marine organisms. Page 8142 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Lab Study Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Petroleum Spills; Snails & Conch
Oemcke, D. J. and J. Van Leeuwen. 2005. Ozonation of the marine dinoflagellate alga Amphidinium sp. - Implications for ballast water disinfection. Water Research 39:5119-5125. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Algae; Ballast Discharge; Sediment
Chan, G. L. 2005. The five-year recruitment of marine life after the 1971 San Francisco oil spill. Page 3151 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Seastars; Snails & Conch
Ciancaglini, D. E. 2005. The federal on-scene coordinator's role in the EXXON valdez oil spill. Page 3031 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Discharges; Petroleum Spills
Govender, Y., M. R. Jury, A. Mthembu, S. Hatesse, and E. Bulfoni. 2005. Socio-economic status and development potential for a rural community on the Maputaland coast of South Africa. South African Geographical Journal 87:37-42. 2005 Indian Ocean; India; South Africa Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Tourism & Recreation
Morton, B. 2005. Fishing perturbations and beached corals in the Cape d'Aguilar Marine Reserve, Hong Kong (2000-2002) and a summary of data obtained from January 1996 to March 2003. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1273-1286. 2005 Finfish Harvest; Salinity; Storms & Hurricanes
Craik, W. 2005. Oil spills in the great barrier reef region. Page 5801 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Australia Review Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills
Craik, W. 2005. Protecting the Great Barrier Reef from an oil spill. Pages 6586-6598 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Australia Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills
Cubit, J. D. and J. L. Connor. 2005. Effects of the 1986 Bahia Las Minas oil spill on reef flat communities. Page 2359 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Plankton
Cubit, J. D., C. D. Getter, J. B. C. Jackson, S. D. Garrity, H. M. Caffey, R. C. Thompson, E. Weil, and M. J. Marshall. 2005. An oil spill affecting coral reefs and mangroves on the caribbean coast of Panama. Page 5432 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment
Dhalin, J. and J. Michel. 2005. Resource response guides. Page 7035 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 GIS & Maps Bivalves; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Birds; Octopus & Squid; Petroleum Spills; Whales & Dolphins
Santos, M. N., C. C. Monteiro, and G. Lasserre. 2005. Observations and trends on the intra-annual variation of the fish assemblages on two artificial reefs in Algarve coastal waters (southern Portugal). Scientia Marina 69:415-426. 2005 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish
Adjeroud, M., Y. Chancerelle, M. Schrimm, T. Perez, D. Lecchini, R. Galzin, and B. Salvat. 2005. Detecting the effects of natural disturbances on coral assemblages in French Polynesia: A decade survey at multiple scales. Aquatic Living Resource 18:111-123. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Seastars; Stony Coral
Hutchings, P. 2005. Marine Pollution Bulletin: Editorial. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:4-Jan. 2005 Waterborne Discharges
Robertson, D. R., J. H. Choat, J. M. Posada, J. Pitt, and J. L. Ackerman. 2005. Ocean surgeonfish Acanthurus bahianus. II. Fishing effects on longevity, size and abundance? Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:245-256. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Panama; Venezuela; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hernando, M.P., G.A. Ferreyra. 2005. The effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis in an Antarctic diatom (Thalassiosira sp.): Does vertical mixing matter? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 325:35-45. 2005 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Light; Plankton; Primary Production
Rasiah, V, J. D. Armour, and A. L. Cogle. 2005. Assessment of variables controlling nitrate dynamics in groundwater: Is it a threat to surface aquatic ecosystems? Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:60-69. 2005 Australia Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Marsh, H., G. De'ath, N. Gribble, and B. Lane. 2005. Historical marine population estimates: Triggers or targets for conservation? The dugong case study. Ecological Applications 15:481-492. 2005 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Marine Vertebrates; Seagrasses
Jinn, T.-R., S.-S. Kao, J. T. C. Tzen, and T.-Y. Wu. 2005. Coral red fluorescence protein as genetic modified baculovirus tracer. Journal of Biotechnology 119:255-259. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
de Koning, J. and S. Thiesen. 2005. Aqua Solaris - An optimized small scale desalination system with 40 litres output per square meter based upon solar-thermal distillation. Desalination 182:503-509. 2005 Model Deforestation & Devegetation; Energy Policy & Development; Pathogens
Friedlander, A., G. Aeby, E. Brown, A. Clark, S. Coles, S. Dollar, C. Hunter, P. Jokiel, J. Smith, B. Walsh, I. Williams, and W. Wiltse. 2005. The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Main Hawaiian Islands. NOAA. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Coastal Development; Non-point Source Runoff
Gerhard, L. C. and T. A. Cross. 2005. Measurements of the generation and distribution of carbonate sediments of Buck Island channel, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands, with observations about sediments in fringing lagoons. Atoll Research Bulletin 157-176. 2005 US Virgin Islands Lab Study Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mak, K. K. W., H. Yanase, and R. Renneberg. 2005. Cyanide fishing and cyanide detection in coral reef fish using chemical tests and biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20:2581-2593. 2005 Philippines Review Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Dimitrov, R. S. 2005. Precaution in global environmental politics. International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 5:96-113. 2005 Global Deforestation & Devegetation
Rooper, C. N., M. Zimmermann, and P. D. Spencer. 2005. Using ecologically based relationships to predict distribution of flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon in the eastern Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 290:251-262. 2005 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Physical Variables; Sediment; Sponges
Kaiser, M. J. 2005. Texas, Louisiana programs offer similar cost savings. Oil and Gas Journal 103. 2005 Model Artificial Habitat
Kaiser, M. J. 2005. Various factors affect reefing decisions. Oil and Gas Journal 103:37-42. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat
Stohr, S. and M. Segonzac. 2005. Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from reducing and non-reducing environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85:383-402. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Mexico Echinoderms; Molluscs
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. 2005 India Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Remediation; Security Policies; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Bello, P. J., L. V. Rios, C. M. A. Liceaga, M. C. Zetina, C. K. Cervera, B. P. Arceo, and N. H. Hernandez. 2005. Incorporating spatial analysis of habitat into spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) stock assessment at Alacranes reef, Yucatan, Mexico. Fisheries Research 73:37-47. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Smith, J. E., J. W. Runcie, and C. M. Smith. 2005. Characterization of a large-scale ephemeral bloom of the green alga Cladophora sericea on the coral reefs of West Maui, Hawai'i. Marine Ecology Progress Series 302:77-91. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bocquene, G. and A. Franco. 2005. Pesticide contamination of the coastline of Martinique. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:612-619. 2005 South & Central America; Martinique; Caribbean; France Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Negri, A., C. Vollhardt, C. Humphrey, A. Heyward, R. Jones, G. Eaglesham, and K. Fabricius. 2005. Effects of the herbicide diuron on the early life history stages of coral. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:370-383. 2005 Lab Study Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Mackie, M. C., P. D. Lewis, D. J. Gaughan, and S. J. Newman. 2005. Variability in spawning frequency and reproductive development of the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) along the west coast of Australia. Fishery Bulletin 103:344-354. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish
Parsons, D. M. and D. B. Eggleston. 2005. Indirect effects of recreational fishing on behavior of the spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 303:235-244. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Brodie, J., K. Fabricus, G. De'ath, and K. Okaji. 2005. Are increased nutrient inputs responsible for more outbreaks of crown-of-thorn starfish? An appraisal of the evidence. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:266-278. 2005 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Borges, A. V. 2005. Do we have enough pieces of the jigsaw to integrate CO2 fluxes in the coastal ocean? Estuaries 28:27-Mar. 2005 Global CO2; Mangroves
Bakir, K. and T. Katagan. 2005. Crustacean diversity of the coralligenous beds of Markiz Island (Aegean coast of Turkey). Crustaceana 78:873-883. 2005 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Russell, D. J. and A. J. McDougall. 2005. Movement and juvenile recruitment of mangrove jack, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål), in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 56:465-475. 2005 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Van Soest, R. W. M. and M. S. S. Lavaleye. 2005. Diversity and abundance of sponges in bathyal coral reefs of Rockall Bank, NE Atlantic, from boxcore samples. Marine Biology Research 1:338-349. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sponges
Sayer, M. D. J., S. H. Magill, T. J. Pitcher, L. Morissette, and C. Ainsworth. 2005. Simulation-based investigations of fishery changes as affected by the scale and design of artificial habitats. Journal of Fish Biology 67:218-243. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Kenter, J. A. M., P. M. Harris, and G. Della Porta. 2005. Steep microbial boundstone-dominated platform margins - Examples and implications. Sedimentary Geology 178:30-May. 2005 Spain Model Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
O'Reagain, P. J., J. Brodie, G. Fraser, J. J. Bushell, C. H. Holloway, J. W. Faithful, and D. Haynes. 2005. Nutrient loss and water quality under extensive grazing in the upper Burdekin river catchment, North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:37-50. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lindquist, D. C., R. F. Shaw, and F. J. Hernandez Jr. 2005. Distribution patterns of larval and juvenile fishes at offshore petroleum platforms in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 62:655-665. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gobert, B., P. Berthou, E. Lopez, P. Lespagnol, M. D. Oqueli Turcios, C. Macabiau, and P. Portillo. 2005. Early stages of snapper-grouper exploitation in the Caribbean (Bay Islands, Honduras). Fisheries Research 73:159-169. 2005 South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Gayle, P. M. H., P. Wilson-Kelly, and S. Green. 2005. Transplantation of benthic species to mitigate impacts of coastal development in Jamaica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:105-115. 2005 Jamaica; Panama Coastal Development; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Octocoral; Recreational Opportunities; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate
Rosenberg, A. A., W. J. Bolster, K. E. Alexander, W. B. Leavenworth, A. B. Cooper, and M. G. McKenzie. 2005. The history of ocean resources: Modeling cod biomass using historical records. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:84-90. 2005 Global; England Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives
George, R. D., C. R. In, R. K. Johnston, P. F. Seligman, R. D. Gauthier, and W. J. Wild. 2005. Seawater leaching investigation of polychlorinated biphenyls from solid matrices. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Military
Hudson, J. H. and E. C. Franklin. 2005. Structural reef restoration and coral transplantation to the R/V Columbus Iselin grounding site in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ports & Harbors; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Sakas, C. J. 2005. Rivers to reefs - Watersheds affect ocean reefs oceans 2005 MTS/IEEE. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sumpton, W. and S. Jackson. 2005. The effects of incidental trawl capture of juvenile snapper (Pagrus auratus) on yield of a sub-tropical line fishery in Australia: An assessment examining habitat preference and early life history characteristics. Fisheries Research 71:335-347. 2005 Australia Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Piscivorous Fish; Skeletal Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Mariani, S., M. J. Uriz, and X. Turon. 2005. The dynamics of sponge larvae assemblages from northwestern Mediterranean nearshore bottoms. Journal of Plankton Research 27:249-262. 2005 Cuba Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Boring Sponges; Encrusting Sponges; Light; Plankton; Sponges
Troeng, S., P. H. Dutton, and D. Evans. 2005. Migration of hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata from Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Ecography 28:394-402. 2005 South & Central America; Cuba; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Sea Turtles; Sponges
Lathuiliere, B., C. Gaillard, N. Habrant, Y. Bodeur, A. Boullier, R. Enay, M. Hanzo, D. Marchand, J. Thierry, and W. Werner. 2005. Coral zonation of an Oxfordian reef tract in the northern French Jura. Facies 50:545-559. 2005 Global; France Model Sediment
Faithful, J., W. Finlayson. 2005. Water quality assessment for sustainable agriculture in the Wet Tropics - A community-assisted approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:99-112. 2005 Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Treude, T., K. Knittel, M. Blumenberg, R. Seifert, and A. Boetius. 2005. Subsurface microbial methanotrophic mats in the Black Sea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71:6375-6378. 2005 Sediment
Symons, L. C., R. Pavia, and M. Hodges. 2005. Emergency response in National Marine Sanctuaries. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Security Policies; Transportation Policies
Freitas, C. E. C., M. Petrere, and W. Barrella. 2005. Natural and artificially-induced habitat complexity and freshwater fish species composition. Fisheries Management and Ecology 12:63-67. 2005 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Watanabe, K. and A. Nakamura. 2005. A design of tiny basin test-bed for AUV multi agent. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Waterborne Discharges
Stone, G. W., X. Zhang, and A. Sheremet. 2005. The role of barrier islands, muddy shelf and reefs in mitigating the wave field along coastal Louisiana. Journal of Coastal Research 21:40-55. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Clavier, J., G. Boucher, L. Chauvaud, R. Fichez, and S. Chifflet. 2005. Benthic response to ammonium pulses in a tropical lagoon: Implications for coastal environmental processes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 316:231-241. 2005 New Caledonia Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Powell, B. and M. Martens. 2005. A review of acid sulfate soil impacts, actions and policies that impact on water quality in Great Barrier Reef catchments, including a case study on remediation at East Trinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:149-164. 2005 Australia Review; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Microorganisms; Remediation; Wetlands
Sadovy, Y. and M. Domeier. 2005. Are aggregation-fisheries sustainable? Reef fish fisheries as a case study. Coral Reefs 24:254-262. 2005 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Belmaker, J., N. Shashar, and Y. Ziv. 2005. Effects of small-scale isolation and predation on fish diversity on experimental reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 289:273-283. 2005 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Senanayake, M. P., C. A. Ariaratnam, S. Abeywickrema, and A. Belligaswatte. 2005. Two Sri Lankan cases of identified sea snake bites, without envenoming. Toxicon 45:861-863. 2005 Indian Ocean; Sri Lanka; India Finfish Harvest; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Marion, G. S., R. B. Dunbar, D. A. Mucciarone, J. N. Kremer, J. S. Lansing, and A. Arthawiguna. 2005. Coral skeletal δ15N reveals isotopic traces of an agricultural revolution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:931-944. 2005 Indonesia Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Langlois, T. J., M. J. Anderson, and R. C. Babcock. 2005. Reef-associated predators influence adjacent soft-sediment communities. Ecology 86:1508-1519. 2005 Bivalves; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Sediment
Yu, K.-F., J.-X. Zhao, G.-J. Wei, X.-R. Cheng, and P.-X. Wang. 2005. Mid-late Holocene monsoon climate retrieved from seasonal Sr/Ca and δ18O records of Porites lutea corals at Leizhou Peninsula, northern coast of South China Sea. Global and Planetary Change 47:301-316. 2005 Global; China Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Light; Stony Coral
Matsuoka, T., T. Nakashima, and N. Nagasawa. 2005. A review of ghost fishing: Scientific approaches to evaluation and solutions. Fisheries Science 71:691-702. 2005 Review Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Costanzo, S.D., J. Murby, J. Bates. 2005. Ecosystem response to antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:218-223. 2005 Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Grottoli, A. G., L. J. Rodrigues, K. A. Matthews, J. E. Palardy, and O. T. Gibb. 2005. Pre-treatment effects on coral skeletal θ13C and θ18O. Chemical Geology 221:225-242. 2005 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Cleaner & Solvent Use
Warne, A. G., R. M. T. Webb, and M. C. Larsen. 2005. Water, sediment, and nutrient discharge characteristics of rivers in Puerto Rico, and their potential influence on coral reefs. Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5206, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 2005 Puerto Rico Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jordan-Dahlgren, E., M. A. Maldonado, and R. E. Rodriguez-Martinez. 2005. Diseases and partial mortality in Montastraea annularis species complex in reefs with differing environmental conditions (NW Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 63:12-Mar. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Point Source Discharges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ismail, M., T. Kimura, Y. Suzuki, and M. Tsuchiya. 2005. Seasonal and spatial variations of total mass flux around coral reefs in the Southern Ryukyus, Japan. Journal of Oceanography 61:631-644. 2005 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Crosby, M. P. and E. S. Reese. 2005. Relationship of habitat stability and intra-specific population dynamics of an obligate corallivore butterflyfish. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
Hutchings, P. and D. Haynes. 2005. Marine pollution bulletin special edition editorial. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:2-Jan. 2005 Waterborne Discharges
Flood, V. S., J. M. Pitt, and S. R. Smith. 2005. Historical and ecological analysis of coral communities in Castle Harbour (Bermuda) after more than a century of environmental perturbation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:545-557. 2005 Bermuda Review Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Knittel, K., T. Losekann, A. Boetius, R. Kort, and R. Amann. 2005. Diversity and distribution of methanotrophic archaea at cold seeps. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71:467-479. 2005 Fish; Sediment
Golabi, M. H., C. Iyekar, and D. Minton. 2005. Effect of vetiver technology on sediment loss and water quality in southern Guam. Pages 348-355 in Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and Emerging TMDL. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Little, L. R., A. D. M. Smith, A. D. McDonald, A. E. Punt, B. D. Mapstone, F. Pantus, and C. R. Davies. 2005. Effects of size and fragmentation of marine reserves and fisher infringement on the catch and biomass of coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Management and Ecology 12:177-188. 2005 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Tessier, E., P. Chabanet, K. Pothin, M. Soria, and G. Lasserre. 2005. Visual censuses of tropical fish aggregations on artificial reefs: Slate versus video recording techniques. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 315:17-30. 2005 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
McClanahan, T. R., J. Maina, and J. Davies. 2005. Perceptions of resource users and managers towards fisheries management options in Kenyan coral reefs. Fisheries Management and Ecology 12:105-112. 2005 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Ben Kilani, H., F. Mejri, S. Jeddi, and A. Jlailia. 2005. Tertiary structuring and hydrocarbon potential in the Gulf of Hammamet. Pages 3085-3086 in 67th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE Conference and Exhibition, incorporating SPE EUROPE2005 - Extended Abstracts. 2005 Oman; Europe Field Study & Monitoring
Gascuel, D., Y.-M. Bozec, E. Chassot, A. Colomb, and M. Laurans. 2005. The trophic spectrum: Theory and application as an ecosystem indicator. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62:443-452. 2005 New Caledonia; Europe Model; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Burns, C., K. A. Campbell, and R. Mooi. 2005. Exceptional crinoid occurrences and associated carbonates of the Keasey Formation (Early Oligocene) at Mist, Oregon, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 227:210-231. 2005 GIS & Maps Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Substrate
[No author name available]. 2005. Integrated ocean drilling program expedition 307 preliminary report: Modern carbonate mounds: Porcupine drilling. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 307:Jan-58. 2005 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Getter, C. D., B. J. Baca, T. G. Ballou, M. S. Brown, A. H. Knap, R. E. Dodge, and T. D. Sleeter. 2005. Tropical oil pollution investigations in coastal systems (TROPICS). Page 8631 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Quinn, B., F. Gagne, J.-P. Weber, and C. Blaise. 2005. Ecotoxicological effects of a semi-submerged municipal dump (Castle harbour, Bermuda) on the Calico scallop Argopecten gibbus. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:534-544. 2005 Bermuda Index or Indicator Point Source Discharges
Kontorovich, A. E., T. M. Parfenova, and E. N. Ivanova. 2005. Aromatic biomarker-hydrocarbons and dibenzothiophenes in bitumens of the Kuonamka Formation Northeastern Siberian Platform. Doklady Earth Sciences 403:754-756. 2005 Sediment
Albert, S., J.M. O'Neil, J.W. Udy, K.S. Ahern, C.M. O'Sullivan, W.C. Dennison. 2005. Blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula in coastal Queensland, Australia: disparate sites, common factors. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:428-437. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Cyanobacteria; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Edwards, R. A. and S. D. A. Smith. 2005. Subtidal assemblages associated with a geotextile reef in south-east Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 56:133-142. 2005 Australia Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates; Physical Variables
Linnane, A., W. Dimmlich, and T. Ward. 2005. Movement patterns of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, off South Australia. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39:335-346. 2005 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Scheibner, C., R. P. Speijer, and A. M. Marzouk. 2005. Turnover of larger foraminifera during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and paleoclimatic control on the evolution of platform ecosystems. Geology 33:493-496. 2005 Global; Egypt Climate; Nutrients
Hutchings, P., M. Peyrot-Clausade, and A. Osnorno. 2005. Influence of land runoff on rates and agents of bioerosion of coral substrates. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:438-447. 2005 Australia Algae; Bivalves; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2005. Expansion project grows with citizen support. Public Works 136:30-34. 2005 Wastewater Discharge
Scheffer, M., S. Carpenter, and B. De Young. 2005. Cascading effects of overfishing marine systems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20:579-581. 2005 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Micheli, F. and B. Halpern. 2005. Low functional redundancy in coastal marine assemblages. Ecology Letters 8:391-400. 2005 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Sanchez, J. A. 2005. Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa Jan-72. 2005 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Review Finfish Harvest; Octocoral
McMahon, K., S. B. Nash, G. Eaglesham, J. F. Muller, N. C. Duke, and S. Winderlich. 2005. Herbicide contamination and the potential impact to seagrass meadows in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:325-334. 2005 Australia Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Warrlich, G., D. Bosence, and D. Waltham. 2005. 3D and 4D controls on carbonate depositional systems: Sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic analysis of an attached carbonate platform and atoll (Miocene, Nijar Basin, SE Spain). Sedimentology 52:363-389. 2005 Spain GIS & Maps Algae; Coralline Algae; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
McCorquodale, J. A., W. Pramono, and S. Carnelos. 2005. Forces on armour units in a low-crested breakwater. in Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. 2005 Review; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Shoreline Protection
Salin, K. R., T. M. Yohannan, and C. Mohanakumaran Nair. 2005. Fisheries and trade of seahorses, Hippocampus spp., in southern India. Fisheries Management and Ecology 12:269-273. 2005 India; Malaysia; United Arab Emirates Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
St. John, J. and C. J. Syers. 2005. Mortality of the demersal West Australian dhufish, Glaucosoma hebraicum (Richardson 1845) following catch and release: The influence of capture depth, venting and hook type. Fisheries Research 76:106-116. 2005 Australia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Markevich, A. I. 2005. Dynamics of fish colonization of an experimental artificial reef in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 31:221-224. 2005 Japan Artificial Habitat; Fish; Sea Urchins
Chapman, D. J. and B. E. Julius. 2005. The use of preventative projects as compensatory restoration. Journal of Coastal Research 21:120-131. 2005 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Petroleum Spills
Greiner, R., A. Herr, J. Brodie, and D. Haynes. 2005. A multi-criteria approach to Great Barrier Reef catchment (Queensland, Australia) diffuse-source pollution problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:128-137. 2005 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kwon, M. S., J. H. Noh, and M. Lee. 2005. An overview of potentials in the South Pacific and the new R&D investment challenges. Ocean and Polar Research 27:419-431. 2005 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation
Schroeder, R. E. and J. D. Parrish. 2005. Resilience of predators to fishing pressure on coral patch reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 321:93-107. 2005 Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Murphy, M. 2005. Coral alarms to protect reef. Chemistry and Industry (London) 18:7. 2005 Climate; Finfish Harvest
Carruthers, T. J. B., B. I. Van Tussenbroek, and W. C. Dennison. 2005. Influence of submarine springs and wastewater on nutrient dynamics of Caribbean seagrass meadows. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 64:191-199. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Hotel & Food Services; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Ferraris, J., D. Pelletier, M. Kulbicki, and C. Chauvet. 2005. Assessing the impact of removing reserve status on the Abore Reef fish assemblage in New Caledonia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 292:271-286. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Price, R. E. and T. Pichler. 2005. Distribution, speciation and bioavailability of arsenic in a shallow-water submarine hydrothermal system, Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, PNG. Chemical Geology 224:122-135. 2005 Papua New Guinea Discharges; Plankton; Sediment
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, M. M. Littler, and D. S. Littler. 2005. Macroalgal blooms on southeast Florida coral reefs: II. Cross-shelf discrimination of nitrogen sources indicates widespread assimilation of sewage nitrogen. Harmful Algae 4:1106-1122. 2005 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Haynes, D., S. Carter, C. Gaus, J. Muller, and W. Dennison. 2005. Organochlorine and heavy metal concentrations in blubber and liver tissue collected from Queensland (Australia) dugong (Dugong dugon). Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:361-369. 2005 Australia Coastal Development; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Toxics; Whales & Dolphins
McClanahan, T. R., R. S. Steneck, D. Pietri, B. Cokos, and S. Jones. 2005. Interaction between inorganic nutrients and organic matter in controlling coral reef communities in Glovers Reef Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:566-575. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Coralline Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Ley, J. A. 2005. Linking fish assemblages and attributes of mangrove estuaries in tropical Australia: Criteria for regional marine reserves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 305:41-57. 2005 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nguyen, R. T. D. and G. L. Beardmore. 2005. Blastomycosis-like pyoderma: Successful treatment with low-dose acitretin. Australasian Journal of Dermatology 46:97-100. 2005 Oman Discharges; Microorganisms
Waller, R. G. and P. A. Tyler. 2005. The reproductive biology of two deep-water, reef-building scleractinians from the NE Atlantic Ocean. Coral Reefs 24:514-522. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Finfish Harvest; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Neill, C. F. and M. A. Allison. 2005. Subaqueous deltaic formation on the Atchafalaya Shelf, Louisiana. Marine Geology 214:411-430. 2005 Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Webster, I. T., P. W. Ford, and P. Tillman. 2005. Estimating nutrient budgets in tropical estuaries subject to episodic flows. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:165-173. 2005 Australia Model Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McComb, P. and K. Black. 2005. Detailed observations of littoral transport using artificial sediment tracer, in a high-energy, rocky reef and iron sand environment. Journal of Coastal Research 21:358-373. 2005 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Davies, S. L., J. M. Virgona, M. H. McCallum, A. D. Swan, and M. B. Peoples. 2005. Effectiveness of grazing and herbicide treatments for lucerne removal before cropping in southern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45:1147-1155. 2005 Australia Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Mariani, S., T. Alcoverro, M.-J. Uriz, and X. Turon. 2005. Early life histories in the bryozoan Schizobrachiella sanguinea: A case study. Marine Biology 147:735-745. 2005 Spain Algae; Artificial Habitat; Plankton; Substrate
Carboni, M. G., L. Bergamin, L. Di Bella, B. Landini, L. Manfra, and P. Vesica. 2005. Late Quaternary paleoclimatic and paleoenviromental changes in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Quaternary Science Reviews 24:2069-2082. 2005 Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dill, H. G., R. Botz, F. W. Luppold, and F. Henjes-Kunst. 2005. Hypogene and supergene alteration of the Late Palaeozoic Ratburi Limestone during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Thailand, Surat Thani Province). Implications for the concentration of mineral commodities and hydrocarbons. International Journal of Earth Sciences 94:24-46. 2005 Thailand Sediment
D'Croz, L., J. B. del Rosario, and P. Gondola. 2005. The effect of fresh water runoff on the distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients and plankton in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Caribbean Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:414-429. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Iran; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity
Sadovy, Y. 2005. Trouble on the reef: The imperative for managing vulnerable and valuable fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 6:167-185. 2005 Global Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Live Collection
Haynes, J. M., N. A. Tisch, C. M. Mayer, and R. S. Rhyne. 2005. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in southwestern Lake Ontario following invasion of Dreissena and Echinogammarus: 1983 to 2000. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24:148-167. 2005 Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates
Valentine, J. F. and K. L. Heck Jr. 2005. Perspective review of the impacts of overfishing on coral reef food web linkages. Coral Reefs 24:209-213. 2005 Review Finfish Harvest
Jordan, L. K. B., D. S. Gilliam, and R. E. Spieler. 2005. Reef fish assemblage structure affected by small-scale spacing and size variations of artificial patch reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 326:170-186. 2005 Florida; Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish
Williams, M., M. Stephenson, I. P. Wilkinson, M. J. Leng, and C. G. Miller. 2005. Early Carboniferous (Late Tournaisian-Early Visean) ostracods from the Ballagan Formation, central Scotland, UK. Journal of Micropalaeontology 24:77-94. 2005 Index or Indicator Sediment
Feitoza, B. M., R. S. Rosa, and L. A. Rocha. 2005. Ecology and zoogeography of deep-reef fishes in northeastern Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 76:725-742. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Caribbean Commercial Fishing Boats; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Kelsey, C. 2005. On the waterfront. Industrial Fabric Products Review 90:38-40. 2005 Australia Artificial Habitat; Remediation; Shoreline Protection
SeafoodWatch. 2005. Sustainable Seafood Business Practices. Monteray Bay. 2005 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Jones, R. 2005. The ecotoxicological effects of Photosystem II herbicides on corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:495-506. 2005 Review Agriculture; Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production
King, S. C., J. E. Johnson, M. L. Haasch, D. A. J. Ryan, J. T. Ahokas, and K. A. Burns. 2005. Summary results from a pilot study conducted around an oil production platform on the Northwest Shelf of Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1163-1172. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Fish; Microorganisms
Sosa-Lopez, A., D. Mouillot, T. Do Chi, and J. Ramos-Miranda. 2005. Ecological indicators based on fish biomass distribution along trophic levels: An application to the Terminos coastal lagoon, Mexico. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62:453-458. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas
Ashworth, J. S. and R. F. G. Ormond. 2005. Effects of fishing pressure and trophic group on abundance and spillover across boundaries of a no-take zone. Biological Conservation 121:333-344. 2005 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Auble, G. T., M. L. Scott, and J. M. Friedman. 2005. Use of individualistic streamflow-vegetation relations along the Fremont River, Utah, USA to assess impacts of flow alteration on Wetland and riparian areas. Wetlands 25:143-154. 2005 Model; Index or Indicator Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Crigger, D. K., G. A. Graves, and D. L. Fike. 2005. Lake Worth Lagoon conceptual ecological model. Wetlands 25:943-954. 2005 Florida Model Boating Activities; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Nott, J. and G. Hubbert. 2005. Comparisons between topographically surveyed debris lines and modelled inundation levels from severe tropical cyclones Vance and Chris, and their geomorphic impact on the sand coast. Australian Meteorological Magazine 54:187-196. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Coastal Development; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Hallock, P. 2005. Global change and modern coral reefs: New opportunities to understand shallow-water carbonate depositional processes. Sedimentary Geology 175:19-33. 2005 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Finfish Harvest; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Sunscreen Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Petit, C. C. and J. J. Vandenabeele. 2005. Supporting coastal and lake applications with the help of remote sensing. Pages 2771-2774 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2005 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Coastal Development; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Sediment
Potts, W. M. and P. D. Cowley. 2005. Validation of the periodicity of opaque zone formation in the otoliths of four temperate reef fish from South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 27:659-669. 2005 South Africa Finfish Harvest; Fish
Zhang, S.-H. and D.-S. Xiong. 2005. Preparation and characterization of β-tricalcium phosphate porous bioceramic. Nanjing Li Gong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology 29:231-235. 2005 CO2
Shick, J. M., C. Ferrier-Pages, R. Grover, and D. Allemand. 2005. Effects of starvation, ammonium concentration, and photosynthesis on the UV-dependent accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the coral Stylophora pistillata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:135-156. 2005 Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use; Zooxanthellae
Sinclair, D. J. 2005. Non-river flood barium signals in the skeletons of corals from coastal Queensland, Australia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 237:354-369. 2005 Australia; South Africa Algae; Discharges; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ordines, F., J. Moranta, M. Palmer, A. Lerycke, A. Suau, B. Morales-Nin, and A. M. Grau. 2005. Variations in a shallow rocky reef fish community at different spatial scales in the western Mediterranean Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 304:221-233. 2005 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Tomasko, D. A., C. A. Corbett, H. S. Greening, and G. E. Raulerson. 2005. Spatial and temporal variation in seagrass coverage in Southwest Florida: assessing the relative effects of anthropogenic nutrient load reductions and rainfall in four contiguous estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:797-805. 2005 Florida Nutrients; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge
Leao, Z. M. A. N. and R. K. P. Kikuchi. 2005. A relic coral fauna threatened by global changes and human activities, Eastern Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:599-611. 2005 Global Finfish Harvest; Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cox, C. and J. H. Hunt. 2005. Change in size and abundance of Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in a marine reserve in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 294:227-239. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Collier, J. S. and C. J. Brown. 2005. Correlation of sidescan backscatter with grain size distribution of surficial seabed sediments. Marine Geology 214:431-449. 2005 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Rinkevich, B., Y. Loya, M. Rosenfeld, and E. Kramarsky-Winter. 2005. Nutrient enrichment and coral reproduction: Between truth and repose (a critique of Loya et al.) [2] (multiple letters). Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:111-118. 2005 Nutrients; Waterborne Discharges
Dunbrack, R. and R. Zielinski. 2005. Body size distribution and frequency of anthropogenic injuries of Bluntnose Sixgill Sharks, Hexanchus griseus, at Flora Islets, British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 119:537-540. 2005 Columbia Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Pimenov, N. V. and A. E. Ivanova. 2005. Anaerobic methane oxidation and sulfate reduction in bacterial mats on coral-like carbonate structures in the Black Sea. Microbiology 74:362-370. 2005 Cuba CO2; Microorganisms; Substrate
Begg, G. A., B. D. Mapstone, A. J. Williams, S. Adams, C. R. Davies, and D. C. Lou. 2005. Multivariate life-history indices of exploited coral reef fish populations used to measure the performance of no-take zones in a marine protected area. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62:679-692. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Boulon, R., M. Chiappone, R. Halley, W. Jaap, B. Keller, B. Kruczynski, M. Miller, and C. Rogers. 2005. Atlantic Acropora Status Review. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Review Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Coastal Development; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
Cinner, J. 2005. Socioeconomic factors influencing customary marine tenure in the Indo-Pacific. Ecology and Society 10. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management
Warner, G. F. 2005. The occurrence of black corals in Jamaican reef environments, with special reference to Stichopathes lutkeni (Antipatharia: Antipathidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:61-66. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Jamaica; Caribbean Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Badran, M. I. and M. K. Al Zibdah. 2005. Environmental quality of Jordanian coastal surface sediment, Gulf of Aqaba, red sea. Ambio 34:615-620. 2005 Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Salcido, R. E. 2005. Enduring optimism: Examining the rig-to-reef bargain. Ecology Law Quarterly 32:863-937. 2005 Model Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Oil & Gas Rigs
Broeg, K., H.v. Westernhagen, S. Zander, W. Korting, A. Koehler. 2005. The ��bioeffect assessment index�� (BAI) A concept for the quantification of effects of marine pollution by an integrated biomarker approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2005 Europe Index or Indicator Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Waterborne Discharges
Finkl, C. W., R. H. Charlier, and S. L. Krupa. 2005. Vulnerability of coastal environments to land use and abuse: The example of southeast Florida. International Journal of Environmental Studies 62:535-554. 2005 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Toscano, F. and A. Raspini. 2005. Epilithozoan fauna associated with ferromanganese crustgrounds on the continental slope segment between Capri and Li Galli Islands (Bay of Salerno, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). Facies 50:427-441. 2005 Oman Bivalves; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Worms; Sponges
Pauly, D., R. Watson, and J. Alder. 2005. Global trends in world fisheries: impacts on marine ecosystems and food security. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360:5-12. 2005 Global; Australia Review Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Jimenez-Rodriguez, L. O., A. Umana-Diaz, J. Diaz-Santos, G. Neira-Carolina, J. Morales-Morales, and E. Rodriguez. 2005. Subsurface object recognition by means of regularization techniques for mappimg coastal waters floor. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5977. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Yahel, G., D. Marie, and A. Genin. 2005. InEx - A direct in situ method to measure filtration rates, nutrition, and metabolism of active suspension feeders. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 3:46-58. 2005 Bivalves; Discharges; Sponges; Tunicates
Baird, A. H., S. J. Campbell, A. W. Anggoro, R. L. Ardiwijaya, N. Fadli, Y. Herdiana, T. Kartawijaya, D. Mahyiddin, A. Mukminin, S. T. Pardede, M. S. Pratchett, E. Rudi, and A. M. Siregar. 2005. Acehnese reefs in the wake of the Asian tsunami. Current Biology 15:1926-1930. 2005 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Innes, S. I. 2005. An overview of artificial reefs for surfing and sand retention in california. Pages 191-203 in California and the World Ocean - Proceedings of the Conference. 2005 Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation
McGinnis, M. V. 2005. The political ecology of the offshore oil platform rig-to-reef policy debate. Pages 506-520 in California and the World Ocean - Proceedings of the Conference. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Bender, K. and R. Taylor. 2005. Oil spill contingency planning in Thailand. Page 5512 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Thailand Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Bennett, V. and D. Noviello. 2005. Response to the grounding of the F/V Ei Jyu Maru No. 21. Page 7183 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Palau; Guam Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Petroleum Spills
Bodnar, J. L. 2005. The information technology of SHIELDS - NOAA'S Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Emergency Logistics Database System. Pages 11312-11316 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications; Petroleum Spills
Brodie, D. 2005. Preparation of marine pollution contingency plans for small Island nations. Page 6374 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Fishing Sector; Petroleum Spills; Waterborne Discharges
Sordelli, C. and N. Garcia. 2005. Venezuelan national oil spill training program. Page 8972 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Venezuela Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Mangroves; Military; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Symons, L. C., M. Hodges, and M. S. Devany. 2005. Flexibility for NOAA in development and application of multi-hazard contingency plans and response tools: The Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Logistics Database System (SHIELDS). Pages 11158-11160 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Small Boats; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Keller, K., M. Hall, S.-R. Kim, D. F. Bradford, and M. Oppenheimer. 2005. Avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Climatic change 73:227-238. 2005 Global Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Symons, L. C. and J. Morris. 2005. Development of multi-hazard contingency plans and tools for the National Marine Sanctuary System. Pages 9628-9631 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cultural Protections; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Whales & Dolphins
Chiappone, M., H. Dienes, D. W. Swanson, and S. L. Miller. 2005. Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Biological Conservation 121:221-230. 2005 Florida Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Recreational Fishing; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges
Houk, P., G. Didonato, J. Iguel, and R. Van Woesik. 2005. Assessing the effects of non-point source pollution on American Samoa's coral reef communities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 107:27-Nov. 2005 Samoa; American Samoa Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Stony Coral
Kaiser, M. J. and A. G. Pulsipher. 2005. Rigs-to-reef programs in the Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Development and International Law 36:119-134. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Oil & Gas Rigs
Tuya, F., P. Sanchez-Jerez, and R. J. Haroun. 2005. Influence of fishing and functional group of algae on sea urchin control of algal communities in the eastern Atlantic. Marine Ecology Progress Series 287:255-260. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Finfish Harvest; Sea Urchins; Substrate
Vidal, L. and D. Pauly. 2005. Integration of subsystems models as a tool toward describing feeding interactions and fisheries impacts in a large marine ecosystem, the Gulf of Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:709-725. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Abesamis, R. A. and G. R. Russ. 2005. Density-dependent spillover from a marine reserve: Long-term evidence. Ecological Applications 15:1798-1812. 2005 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Keating, J., K. MacIntyre, C. M. Mbogo, J. I. Githure, and J. C. Beier. 2005. Self-reported malaria and mosquito avoidance in relation to household risk factors in a Kenyan coastal city. Journal of Biosocial Science 37:761-771. 2005 Kenya Model Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Housing
Diaz-Pulido, G. and L. J. McCook. 2005. Effects of nutrient enhancement on the fecundity of a coral reef macroalga. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 317:13-24. 2005 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Scalabrin, C., N. Diner, G. Veron, D. Choqueuse, and F. Sanchez. 2005. Autonomous bottom moored acoustic observatory for fisheries resources monitoring. Pages 201-205 in Oceans 2005 - Europe. 2005 Europe Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Benito, M. I., K. C. Lohmann, and R. Mas. 2005. Late Jurassic paleogeography and paleoclimate in the northern Iberian Basin of Spain: Constraints from diagenetic records in reefal and continental carbonates. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75:82-96. 2005 Spain Climate; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shaw, M. and J. F. Muller. 2005. Preliminary evaluation of the occurrence of herbicides and PAHs in the Wet Tropics region of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, using passive samplers. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:876-881. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cox, M.E., A. Moss, and G.K. Smyth. 2005. Water quality condition and trend in North Queensland waterways. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:89-98. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Point Source Discharges
Devlin, M.J., J. Brodie. 2005. Terrestrial discharge into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: nutrient behavior in coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:9-22. 2005 Australia; Europe GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thompson, J. H. and T. J. Bright. 2005. Effects of drill mud on sediment clearing rates of certain hermatypic corals. Page 2315 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral
Thorhaug, A., F. McDonald, J. McFarlane, B. Carby, M. Anderson, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and P. Gayle. 2005. Dispersed oil effects on tropical habitats: Preliminary laboratory results of dispersed oil testing on Jamaica coralsand seagrass. Page 1988 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Jamaica Lab Study; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Thorhaug, A., G. Sidrak, K. Aiken, W. Walker, H. J. Teas, F. McDonald, B. Carby, R. Reese, M. Anderson, M. Rodriquez, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and J. McFarlane. 2005. Dispersant use for tropical nearshore waters: Jamaica. Page 1968 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean; Europe Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Trudel, B. K., R. C. Belore, B. J. Jessiman, and S. L. Ross. 2005. A microcomputer-based spill impact assessment system for untreated and chemically dispersed oil spills in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Page 4770 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Model Coastal Defense; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Ward, G. A., B. Baca, W. Cyriacks, R. E. Dodge, and A. Knap. 2005. Continuing long-term studies of the tropics Panama oil and dispersed oil spill sites. Pages 9644-9652 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment
Saphier, A. D. and T. C. Hoffmann. 2005. Forecasting models to quantify three anthropogenic stresses on coral reefs from marine recreation: Anchor damage, diver contact and copper emission from antifouling paint. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:590-598. 2005 Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Schaffelke, B., J. Mellors, and N. C. Duke. 2005. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: Responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:279-296. 2005 Australia Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Chapman, D. D., E. K. Pikitch, E. Babcock, and M. S. Shiyji. 2005. Marine reserve design and evaluation using automated acoustic telemetry: A case-study involving coral reef-associated sharks in the mesoamerican Caribbean. Marine Technology Society Journal 39:42-55. 2005 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest
Farina, A., A. Bellorin, S. Sant, and E. Mendez. 2005. Structure of the fish community at a reef in Los Monjes Archipelago, Venezuela [Estructura de la comunidad de peces en un arrecife del Archipielago Los Monjes, Venezuela]. Ciencias Marinas 31:585-591. 2005 Venezuela Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
[No author name available]. 2005. News: Mock ship grounding and oil spill in Florida keys National Marine Sanctuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50. 2005 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Petroleum Spills; Security Policies
Chen, F., H. Ouyang, X. Feng, Z. Gao, Y. Yang, X. Zou, T. Liu, G. Zhao, and T. Mao. 2005. Anchoring dental implant in tissue-engineered bone using composite scaffold: A preliminary study in nude mouse model. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 63:586-591. 2005 Cuba Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Buddemeier, R. W., J. A. Kleypas, and R. B. Aronson. 2004. Coral reefs & global climate change: potential contributions of climate change to stresses on coral reef ecosystems. 2004 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Pathogens; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stevens, B. G., J. E. Munk, and P. A. Cummiskey. 2004. Utilization of log-piling structures as artificial habitats for red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. Journal of Shellfish Research 23:221-226. 2004 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Asoh, K., T. Yoshikawa, R. Kosaki, and E. A. Marschall. 2004. Damage to cauliflower coral by monofilament fishing lines in Hawaii. Conservation Biology 18:1645-1650. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Rodriguez, W. and I. C. Feller. 2004. Mangrove landscape characterization and change in Twin Cays, Belize using aerial photography and IKONOS satellite data. Atoll Research Bulletin 22-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Nutrients
Inoue, M., A. Suzuki, M. Nohara, H. Kan, A. Edward, and H. Kawahata. 2004. Coral skeletal tin and copper concentrations at Pohnpei, Micronesia: Possible index for marine pollution by toxic anti-biofouling paints. Environmental Pollution 129:399-407. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Micronesia Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Timmons, C. L. and D. W. Hess. 2004. Electrochemical cleaning of post-plasma etch fluorocarbon residues using reductive radical anion chemistry. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 7. 2004 Model
Reed, D. C., S. C. Schroeter, and P. T. Raimondi. 2004. Spore supply and habitat availability as sources of recruitment limitation in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 40:275-284. 2004 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Hawkins, J. P. and C. M. Roberts. 2004. Effects of Artisanal Fishing on Caribbean Coral Reefs. Conservation Biology 18:215-226. 2004 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kolian, S. and A. Walker. 2004. Louisiana is losing critical reef habitat and job opportunities. Sea Technology 45:31-34. 2004 Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Tourism & Recreation
Fox, H. E. 2004. Coral recruitment in blasted and unblasted sites in Indonesia: Assessing rehabilitation potential. Marine Ecology Progress Series 269:131-139. 2004 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Guidetti, P., A. Terlizzi, and F. Boero. 2004. Effects of the edible sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, fishery along the Apulian rocky coast (SE Italy, Mediterranean Sea). Fisheries Research 66:287-297. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 2: delving deeper into the sea's bounty. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A472-481. 2004 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 1: eating away at a global food source. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A282-A291. 2004 Global Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens
Mundy, B. C. and F. A. Parrish. 2004. New records of the fish genus Grammatonotus (Teleostei: Perciformes: Percoidei: Callanthiidae) from the Central Pacific, including a spectacular species in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 58:403-417. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Fish; Plankton; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Amand, M., D. Pelletier, J. Ferraris, and M. Kulbicki. 2004. A step toward the definition of ecological indicators of the impact of fishing on the fish assemblage of the Abore reef reserve (New Caledonia). Aquatic Living Resource 17:139-149. 2004 New Caledonia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Burke, L. and J. Maidens. 2004. Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Climate; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Yakovleva, I. and M. Hidaka. 2004. Diel fluctuations of mycosporine-like amino acids in shallow-water scleractinian corals. Marine Biology 145:863-873. 2004 Japan Algae; Light; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use
Salgado-Barragan, J., N. Mendez, and A. Toledano-Granados. 2004. Ficopomatus miamiensis (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) and Styela canopus (Ascidiacea: Styelidae), non-native species in Urias estuary, SE Gulf of California, Mexico. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 45:167-173. 2004 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Panama; Mexico Ballast Discharge; Invasive Species; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Worms
Enachescu, M. E. 2004. Conspicuous deepwater submarine mounds in the northeastern Orphan Basin and on the Orphan Knoll, offshore Newfoundland. Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK) 23:1290-1294. 2004 Water Depth & Sea Level
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2004. Coral reefs in a century of rapid environmental change. Symbiosis 37:31-Jan. 2004 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral
Walsh, J. P., C. A. Nittrouer, C. M. Palinkas, A. S. Ogston, R. W. Sternberg, and G. J. Brunskill. 2004. Clinoform mechanics in the Gulf of Papua, New Guinea. Continental Shelf Research 24:2487-2510. 2004 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dalyell, T. 2004. Westminster diary. New Scientist 181:49. 2004 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish
Avasthi, A. 2004. Releasing Nemo proves a disaster for native fish. New Scientist 183:13. 2004 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Ballast Discharge; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species
Latypov, YU .Y A. 2004. Reef-building corals and reefs of Vietnam: 2. The Gulf of Tonkin. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29. 2004 Vietnam Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Birkeland, C. 2004. Ratcheting down the coral reefs. Bioscience 54:1021-1027. 2004 Global CO2; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Sediment
Pereira, M. A. M. and P. M. B. Goncalves. 2004. Effects of the 2000 southern Mozambique floods on a marginal coral community: The case at Xai-Xai. African Journal of Aquatic Science 29:113-116. 2004 Mozambique Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrates; Octocoral; Salinity; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae
Monteiro Cunningham, P. T. and A. De Carvalho Saul. 2004. Spatial partition of artificial structures by fish at the surroundings of the conservation unit - Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta, SP, Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 47:113-120. 2004 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish
Duineveld, G. C. A., M. S. S. Lavaleye, and E. M. Berghuis. 2004. Particle flux and food supply to a seamount cold-water coral community (Galicia Bank, NW Spain). Marine Ecology Progress Series 277:13-23. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe; Spain Algae; Microorganisms; Sediment
Weight, A. 2004. Artificial reef in Newquay, UK. Pages 87-95 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Municipal Engineer. 2004 Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Tourism & Recreation
Dunne, J. A., R. J. Williams, and N. D. Martinez. 2004. Network structure and robustness of marine food webs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 273:291-302. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean; South Africa Model Finfish Harvest
Osmond, B., G. Ananyev, J. Berry, C. Langdon, Z. Kolber, G. Lin, R. Monson, C. Nichol, U. Rascher, U. Schurr, S. Smith, and D. Yakir. 2004. Changing the way we think about global change research: Scaling up in experimental ecosystem science. Global Change Biology 10:393-407. 2004 Global Lab Study; Model Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Mallela, J., C. T. Perry, and M. P. Haley. 2004. Reef morphology and community structure along a fluvial gradient, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:299-311. 2004 Jamaica Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Feely, R. A., C. L. Sabine, K. Lee, W. Berelson, J. Kleypas, V. J. Fabry, and F. J. Millero. 2004. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305:362-366. 2004 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Lin, J.-Y., S. Huang, S.-H. Chen, W.-C. Chen, and S. L. Yu. 2004. A BMP system for A clay mining facility in Taiwan. Pages 477-485 in Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management. 2004 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
D'Anna, G., V. M. Giacalone, F. Badalamenti, and C. Pipitone. 2004. Releasing of hatchery-reared juveniles of the white seabream Diplodus sargus (L., 1758) in the Gulf of Castellammare artificial reef area (NW Sicily). Aquaculture 233:251-268. 2004 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sumida, P. Y. G., M. Y. Yoshinaga, L.A.S.-P. Madureira, and M. Hovland. 2004. Seabed pockmarks associated with deepwater corals off SE Brazilian continental slope, Santos Basin. Marine Geology 207:159-167. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Worms; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Hawkins, J. P. and C. M. Roberts. 2004. Effects of fishing on sex-changing Caribbean parrotfishes. Biological Conservation 115:213-226. 2004 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Frihy, O. E., M. A. El Ganaini, W. R. El Sayed, and M. M. Iskander. 2004. The role of fringing coral reef in beach protection of Hurghada, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea of Egypt. Ecological Engineering 22:17-25. 2004 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Bhagooli, R. and M. Hidaka. 2004. Release of zooxanthellae with intact photosynthetic activity by the coral Galaxae fascicularis in response to high temperature stress. Marine Biology 145:329-337. 2004 Discharges; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Iliescu, M., V. Nelea, J. Werckmann, I. N. Mihailescu, G. Socol, A. Bigi, and B. Bracci. 2004. Electron microscopy studies of octa-calcium phosphate thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition. Pages 157-161 Thin Solid Films. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Guidetti, P. 2004. Consumers of sea urchins, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, in shallow Mediterranean rocky reefs. Helgoland Marine Research 58:110-116. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins
Beushausen, H.-D. 2004. Precast concrete for the preservation of the environment [Betonfertigteiltechnik fu den Umweltschutz]. Betonwerk und Fertigteil-Technik/Concrete Precasting Plant and Technology 70:50-52. 2004 Germany Artificial Habitat; Fish
Chapman, B. and J. R. Turner. 2004. Development of a geographical information system for the marine resources of Rodrigues. Journal of Natural History 38:2937-2957. 2004 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Octopus & Squid; Skeletal Coral
Raghunathan, C., R. Sen Gupta, U. Wangikar, and J. Lakhmapurkar. 2004. A record of live corals along the Saurashtra coast of Gujarat, Arabian Sea. Current Science 87:1131-1138. 2004 Plankton; Stony Coral
[No author name available]. 2004. Hurricane complicates platform salvage in Gulf. Pipeline and Gas Journal 231:46-47. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Storms & Hurricanes
Porch, C. E. and A.-M. Eklund. 2004. Standardized visual counts of goliath grouper off South Florida and their possible use as Indices of abundance. Gulf of Mexico Science 22:155-163. 2004 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Mexico Model; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Arias-Gonzalez, J.E., E. Nunez-Lara, C. Gonzalez-Salas, and R. Galzin. 2004. Trophic models for investigation of fishing effect on coral reef ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 172:197-212. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Primary Production
Mendoza Baldwin, E. G. and R. Silva Casarin. 2004. Beach profile model in the presence of submerged protection structures [Modelo de perfil de playa en presencia de estructuras sumergidas de proteccion]. Ingenieria Hidraulica en Mexico 19:16-May. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Parrish, F. A. and R. C. Boland. 2004. Habitat and reef-fish assemblages of banks in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Marine Biology 144:1065-1073. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Primary Production
Chen, C.-Y., K.-T. Shao, and Y.-Y. Tu. 2004. Effect of thermal discharges on the fish assemblages of a nuclear power plant in northern Taiwan. Journal of Marine Science and Technology 12:404-410. 2004 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish
Szedlmayer, S. T. and J. D. Lee. 2004. Diet shifts of juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus compechanus) with changes in habitat and fish size. Fishery Bulletin 102:366-375. 2004 South & Central America; Cuba; Mexico Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish
Walsh, J. P. and C. A. Nittrouer. 2004. Mangrove-bank sedimentation in a mesotidal environment with large sediment supply, Gulf of Papua. Marine Geology 208:225-248. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Model; Remote Sensing Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jones, G. P., M. I. McCormick, M. Srinivasan, and J. V. Eagle. 2004. Coral decline threatens fish biodiversity in marine reserves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101:8251-8253. 2004 Papua New Guinea Finfish Harvest; Fish
Stanley, D. R. and C. A. Wilson. 2004. Effect of hypoxia on the distribution of fishes associated with a petroleum platform off Coastal Louisiana. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 24:662-671. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Behrens, M. D. and K. D. Lafferty. 2004. Effects of marine reserves and urchin disease on southern Californian rocky reef communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 279:129-139. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Pathogens
Uthicke, S., D. Welch, and J. A. H. Benzie. 2004. Slow growth and lack of recovery in overfished holothurians on the Great Barrier Reef: Evidence from DNA fingerprints and repeated large-scale surveys. Conservation Biology 18:1395-1404. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Nutrients
Lobel, P. S. and L. K. Lobel. 2004. Annotated checklist of the fishes of Wake Atoll. Pacific Science 58:65-90. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Military
Cole, R. and G. McBride. 2004. Assessing impacts of dredge spoil disposal using equivalence tests: Implications of a precautionary (proof of safety) approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 279:63-72. 2004 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Little, L. R., S. Kuikka, A. E. Punt, F. Pantus, C. R. Davies, and B. D. Mapstone. 2004. Information flow among fishing vessels modelled using a Bayesian network. Environmental Modelling & Software 19:27-34. 2004 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Duque, C., M. Puyana, G. Narvaez, O. Osorno, N. Hara, and Y. Fujimoto. 2004. Pseudopterosins P-V, new compounds from the gorgonian octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae from Providencia island, Colombian Caribbean. Tetrahedron 60:10627-10635. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Octocoral
McClanahan, T. R. and S. C. Mangi. 2004. Gear-based management of a tropical artisanal fishery based on species selectivity and capture size. Fisheries Management and Ecology 11:51-60. 2004 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Kiriakoulakis, K., B. J. Bett, M. White, and G. A. Wolff. 2004. Organic biogeochemistry of the Darwin Mounds, a deep-water coral ecosystem, of the NE Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 51:1937-1954. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Plankton; Sediment
Feary, D. A., A. C. Hine, N. P. James, and M. J. Malone. 2004. Leg 182 synthesis: Exposed secrets of the Great Australian Bight. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 182:30-Jan. 2004 Global; Australia Algae; Coralline Algae; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tunicates; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ramos, A. A., Y. Inoue, and S. Ohde. 2004. Metal contents in Porites corals: Anthropogenic input of river run-off into a coral reef from an urbanized area, Okinawa. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48:281-294. 2004 Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Loya, Y. 2004. Coral Reef Health and Diease. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 2004 Review Aquaculture; Discharges; Nutrients; Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Gribble, N. A. 2004. A spatially explicit multi-competitor coexistence model of penaeid (shrimp) distribution on the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Modelling 177:61-74. 2004 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Storms & Hurricanes; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Tsang, C. F., C. K. Chang, Y. J. Su, H. Y. Li, L. Y. Wong, W. H. Li, and M. L. Koh. 2004. Improved dense via yields of Cu/CVD low k Coral™ dual damascene metallization at post Cu cap etch wet clean. Microelectronic Engineering 75:433-442. 2004 Cleaner & Solvent Use
Foster, S. J. and A. C. J. Vincent. 2004. Life history and ecology of seahorses: Implications for conservation and management. Journal of Fish Biology 65:Jan-61. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Seagrasses
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, and W. R. Matzie. 2004. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef communities in the Lower Florida Keys: Discrimination of local versus regional nitrogen sources. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:23-58. 2004 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zhang, S.-H., D.-S. Xiong, and C. Cui. 2004. Preparation and properties of β-tricalcium phosphate porous bioceramic. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition) 14:981-986. 2004 CO2
Gardinali, P. R., M. D. Plasencia, and C. Maxey. 2004. Occurrence and transport of Irgarol 1051 and its major metabolite in coastal waters from South Florida. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49:1072-1083. 2004 Florida Model Algae; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Agardy, T. 2004. America's Coral Reefs: Awash with Problems. Issues in Science and Technology 20:35-42. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Pathogens
Sun, W. H., J. B. Lo, F. M. Robert, C. Ray, and C.-S. Tang. 2004. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal soils: I. Selection of promising woody plants. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 11:260-266. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Military; Remediation; Salinity; Sediment
Boggemann, M. and W. Westheide. 2004. Interstitial Syllidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Mahe (Seychelles). Journal of Natural History 38:403-446. 2004 Seychelles Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Worms; Skeletal Coral
Dulvy, N. K., R. P. Freckleton, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2004. Coral reef cascades and the indirect effects of predator removal by exploitation. Ecology Letters 7:410-416. 2004 Fiji Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Seastars; Stony Coral
Munday, P. L. 2004. Habitat loss, resource specialization, and extinction on coral reefs. Global Change Biology 10:1642-1647. 2004 Global; Papua New Guinea Coastal Development; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral
Smith, P. J., S. M. McVeagh, J. T. Mingoia, and S. C. France. 2004. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in deep-sea bamboo coral (Keratoisidinae) species in the southwest and northwest Pacific Ocean. Marine Biology 144:253-261. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Hardman, E. R., M. S. Meunier, J. R. Turner, T. L. Lynch, M. Taylor, and R. Klaus. 2004. The extent of coral bleaching in Rodrigues, 2002. Journal of Natural History 38:3077-3089. 2004 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Brock, R. J. and B. F. Culhane. 2004. The no-take research natural area of Dry Tortugas National Park (Florida): Wishful thinking or responsible planning? Pages 67-74 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Gaston, T. F., A. Kostoglidis, and I. M. Suthers. 2004. The 13C, 15N and 34S signatures of a rocky reef planktivorous fish indicate different coastal discharges of sewage. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:689-699. 2004 Discharges; Fish; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Duval, M. A., D. N. Rader, K. C. Lindeman. 2004. Linking habitat protection and marine protected area programs to conserve coral reefs and associated back reef habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:321-334. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Bath, A., B. Shackleton, and C. Botica. 2004. Development of temperature criteria for marine discharge from a large industrial seawater supplies project in Western Australia. Water SA 30:648-654. 2004 Australia Discharges; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines; Water
Pichler, T. and J. Veizer. 2004. The precipitation of aragonite from shallow-water hydrothermal fluids in a coral reef, Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea. Chemical Geology 207:31-45. 2004 Papua New Guinea Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Skeletal Coral
Nardi, K., G. P. Jones, M. J. Moran, and Y. W. Cheng. 2004. Contrasting effects of marine protected areas on the abundance of two exploited reef fishes at the sub-tropical Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Environmental Conservation 31:160-168. 2004 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Klosowska, B. B., S. R. Troelstra, J. E. Van Hinte, D. Beets, K. Van Der Borg, and A. F. M. De Jong. 2004. Late holocene environmental reconstruction of St. Michiel saline lagoon, Curacao (Dutch Antilles). Radiocarbon 46:765-774. 2004 Antilles; Europe Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Deforestation & Devegetation; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Garrison, V. H., C. S. Rogers, J. Beets, and A. M. Friedlander. 2004. The habitats exploited and the species trapped in a Caribbean island trap fishery. Environmental Biology of Fishes 71:247-260. 2004 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sinclair, D. J. and M. T. McCulloch. 2004. Corals record low mobile barium concentrations in the Burdekin River during the 1974 flood: Evidence for limited Ba supply to rivers? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214:155-174. 2004 Australia Model Discharges; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wapnick, C. M., W. F. Precht, and R. B. Aronson. 2004. Millennial-scale dynamics of staghorn coral in Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Ecology Letters 7:354-361. 2004 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Okey, T. A., S. Banks, A. F. Born, R. H. Bustamante, M. Calvopina, G. J. Edgar, E. Espinoza, J. M. Farina, L. E. Garske, G. K. Reck, S. Salazar, S. Shepherd, V. Toral-Granda, and P. Wallem. 2004. A trophic model of a Galapagos subtidal rocky reef for evaluating fisheries and conservation strategies. Ecological Modelling 172:383-401. 2004 Model Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Ochiewo, J. 2004. Changing fisheries practices and their socioeconomic implications in South Coast Kenya. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:389-408. 2004 Kenya Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2004. Southeast Florida coral reef initiative: a local action strategy. 2004 Florida Coastal Development; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest
Schiel, D. R., J. R. Steinbeck, and M. S. Foster. 2004. Ten years of-induced ocean warming causes comprehensive changes in marine benthic communities. Ecology 85:1833-1839. 2004 Global Model Algae; Climate; Discharges; Invertebrates
Yu, K., M. Jiang, Z. Cheng, and T. Chen. 2004. Latest forty two years' sea surface temperature change of Weizhou Island and its influence on coral reef ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 15:506-510. 2004 Global; China Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest
Liu, Y., H. Qiang, and Z. Zhu. 2004. Silk-proof measures. International Water Power and Dam Construction 56:18-20. 2004 Non-point Source Runoff
Sealey, K. S. 2004. Large-scale ecological impacts of development on tropical islands systems: Comparison of developed and undeveloped islands in the central Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:295-320. 2004 Bahamas Algae; Coastal Development; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Pais, A., E. Azzurro, and L. A. Chessa. 2004. Distribution patterns of coastal fish assemblages associated with different rocky substrates in Asinara Island National Park (Sardinia, Italy). Italian Journal of Zoology 71:309-316. 2004 Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Goldberg, J. and C. Wilkinson. 2004. Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2004. 2004 Global Agriculture; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seastars; Sediment
Shipp, R. L. 2004. Harvest benefits: Marine reserves or traditional fishery management tools. Pages 125-131 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Wielgus, J. 2004. General protocol for calculating the basis of legal claims for damages caused by vessel groundings in Eilat. Israel Nature and National Parks Protection Authority, Jerusalem. 2004 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Cosgrove, J., D. Walker, P. Morrison, and K. Hillman. 2004. Periphyton indicate effects of wastewater discharge in the near-coastal zone, Perth (Western Australia). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 61:331-338. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Index or Indicator Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Wastewater Discharge
Buonaccorsi, V. P., M. Westerman, J. Stannard, C. Kimbrell, E. Lynn, and R. D. Vetter. 2004. Molecular genetic structure suggests limited larval dispersal in grass rockfish, Sebastes rastrelliger. Marine Biology 145:779-788. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Wielgus, J. 2004. General protocol for calculating the basis of monetary legal claims for damages to coral reefs by vessel groundings and an application to the northern Red Sea. Israel Nature and National Parks Protection Authority, Jerusalem. 2004 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Cappo, M., P. Speare, and G. De'Ath. 2004. Comparison of baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) and prawn (shrimp) trawls for assessments of fish biodiversity in inter-reefal areas of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 302:123-152. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, C. S. Yentsch, M. M. Littler, D. S. Littler, and B. Kakuk. 2004. The relative importance of nutrient enrichment and herbivory on macroalgal communities near Norman's Pond Cay, Exumas Cays, Bahamas: A \natural\" enrichment experiment". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 298:275-301. 2004 Bahamas Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ayliffe, L. K., M. I. Bird, M. K. Gagan, P. J. Isdale, H. Scott-Gagan, B. Parker, D. Griffin, M. Nongkas, and M. T. McCulloch. 2004. Geochemistry of coral from Papua New Guinea as a proxy for ENSO ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Pacific Warm Pool. Continental Shelf Research 24:2343-2356. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Papua New Guinea Climate; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Leopold, M., J. Ferraris, and P. Labrosse. 2004. Assessment of the reliability of fish consumption as an indicator of reef fish catches in small Pacific islands: The example of Ouvea Island in New Caledonia. Aquatic Living Resource 17:119-127. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Resource Use Management
Jenkins, G. P. 2004. The ecosystem effects of abalone fishing: A review. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:545-552. 2004 Review; Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2004. Managing the marine aquarium trade: Is eco-certification the answer? Environmental Conservation 31:339-348. 2004 Global; Indonesia; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Esslemont, G., R. A. Russell, and W. A. Maher. 2004. Coral record of harbour dredging: Townsville, Australia. Journal of Marine Systems 52:51-64. 2004 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Light; Sediment; Stony Coral
Williamson, D. H., G. R. Russ, and A. M. Ayling. 2004. No-take marine reserves increase abundance and biomass of reef fish on inshore fringing reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Conservation 31:149-159. 2004 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Lynch, T.P., E. Wilkinson, L. Melling, R. Hamilton, A. Macready, and S. Feary. 2004. Conflict and Impacts of Divers and Anglers in a Marine Park. Environmental Management 33:196-211. 2004 Australia; Cuba Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Dzeranov, N. K. and E. K. Ianenko. 2004. Operative treatment of kidney calculi. [Operativnoe lechenie korallovidnogo nefrolitiaza.]. Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999) 1:34-38. 2004 Discharges
Trapeznikova, M. F. and V. V. Dutov. 2004. Use of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for kidney calculi. [Primenenie DUVL-monoterapii pri korallovidnom nefrolitiaze.]. Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999) 1:38-43. 2004 Discharges
Carnell, A. J. H. and M. E. J. Wilson. 2004. Dolomites in SE Asia - Varied origins and implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Geological Society Special Publication 255-300. 2004 Australia; Thailand; Java Review; Model CO2
Riccardi, A. C., S. E. Damborenea, M. O. Mancenido, and M. P. Iglesia Llanos. 2004. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the Andes of Argentina. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 110:69-76. 2004 Europe Surface & Groundwater Flow
Burns, K. A., P. Greenwood, R. Benner, D. Brinkman, G. Brunskill, S. Codi, and I. Zagorskis. 2004. Organic biomarkers for tracing carbon cycling in the Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea). Continental Shelf Research 24:2373-2394. 2004 Papua New Guinea Carbon Storage & Cycling; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Glazer, R. A. and J. A. Kidney. 2004. Habitat associations of adult queen conch (Strombus gigas L.) in an unfished florida keys back reef: Applications to essential fish habitat. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:205-224. 2004 Florida Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch
[No author name available]. 2004. Proceedings of SPIE - Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice 2004. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5569. 2004 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Petroleum Spills; Primary Production
Chiappone, M., D. W. Swanson, S. L. Miller, and H. Dienes. 2004. Spatial distribution of lost fishing gear on fished and protected offshore reefs in the Florida Keys national marine sanctuary. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:312-326. 2004 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fletcher, R. 2004. Advanced FCC catalysts for VGO applications. Petroleum Technology Quarterly 9:42-43. 2004 France Index or Indicator
van Beukering, P. J. H. and H. S. J. Cesar. 2004. Ecological economic modeling of coral reefs: Evaluating tourist overuse at Hanauma Bay and algae blooms at the Kīhei Coast, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 58:243-260. 2004 Model Algae; Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Quattrini, A. M., S. W. Ross, K. J. Sulak, A. M. Necaise, T. L. Casazza, and G. D. Dennis. 2004. Marine fishes new to continental United States waters, North Carolina, and the Gulf of Mexico. Southeastern Naturalist 3:155-172. 2004 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Coleman, F. C., P. B. Baker, and C. C. Koenig. 2004. A Review of Gulf of Mexico Marine Protected Areas: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned. Fisheries 29:21-Oct. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Welsford, D. C., A. R. Jordan, and A. J. Smolenski. 2004. Description and genetic identification of the early life-stages of Notolabrus fucicola and N. tetricus from Tasmanian waters, Australia, with notes on their newly-settled juveniles. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38:267-277. 2004 Australia Artificial Habitat; Planktivorous Fish
Kawahata, H., H. Ohta, M. Inoue, and A. Suzuki. 2004. Endocrine disrupter nonylphenol and bisphenol A contamination in Okinawa and Ishigaki Islands, Japan - Within coral reefs and adjacent river mouths. Chemosphere 55:1519-1527. 2004 Japan Agriculture; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Watanabe, K., K. Sugiyama, and A. Nakamura. 2004. A concept of distributed compact AUV groups for the continuous monitoring of coastal sea environment. Pages 511-516 in Ocean '04 - MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean '04: Bridges across the Oceans - Conference Proceedings. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Small Boats; Waterborne Discharges
Moore, J. G. and D. A. Clague. 2004. Hawaiian submarine manganese-iron oxide crusts - A dating tool? Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 116:337-347. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Kamukuru, A. T., Y. D. Mgaya, and M. C. Ohman. 2004. Evaluating a marine protected area in a developing country: Mafia Island Marine Park, Tanzania. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:321-337. 2004 Tanzania Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Nemr, A. E., A. El-Sikaily, A. Khaled, T. O. Said, and A. M. A. Abd-Allah. 2004. Chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the coral reef skeleton of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 72:119-1202. 2004 Egypt Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Pothin, K., Y. Letourneur, and R. Lecomte-Finiger. 2004. Age, growth and mortality of the tropical grouper Epinephelus merra (Pisces, Serranidae) on Reunion Island, SW Indian Ocean. Vie et Milieu 54:193-202. 2004 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Boyer, K. E., P. Fong, A. R. Armitage, and R. A. Cohen. 2004. Elevated nutrient content of tropical macroalgae increases rates of herbivory in coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitats. Coral Reefs 23:530-538. 2004 Honduras Algae; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Harvey, L. D. D. 2004. Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration: Implications for compliance with the united national framework convention on climate change. Climatic change 63:259-290. 2004 Model Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mumby, P. J., A. J. Edwards, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, K. C. Lindeman, P. G. Blackwell, A. Gall, M. I. Gorczynska, A. R. Harborne, C. L. Pescod., H. Renken, C. C. C. Wabnitz, and G. Llewenyn. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427:533-536. 2004 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Timmons, C. L. and D. W. Hess. 2004. Fluorocarbon post-plasma etch residue cleaning with naphthalenide radical amons. Pages 275-282 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2004 Model Cleaner & Solvent Use
Overholtzer-McLeod, K. L. 2004. Variance in reef spatial structure masks density dependence in coral-reef fish populations on natural versus artificial reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 276:269-280. 2004 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Jouvenel, J.-Y., F. Bachet, J.-G. Harmelin, and D. Bellan-Santini. 2004. Biological monitoring of a marine reserve ('Cote bleue' marine park, Marseilles Bay, Mediterranean Sea, France) [Suivi biologique d'une reserve marine de la Cote bleue (golfe de Marseille, Mediterranee, France)]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 59:243-251. 2004 France Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rajakrishna Kumar, G., C. R. K. Reddy, M. Ganesan, S. Thiruppathi, S. Dipakkore, K. Eswaran, P. V. Subba Rao, and B. Jha. 2004. Tissue culture and regeneration of thallus from callus of Gelidiella acerosa (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 43:596-602. 2004 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Cleaner & Solvent Use
Haasch, M. L., M. F. Johnston, and S. Codi. 2004. Environmental induction of CYP1A- and CYP2K1-like proteins in two tropical fish species by produced formation water on the northwest shelf of Australia. Marine Environmental Research 58:536-537. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs
Lafferty, K. D., J. W. Porter, and S. E. Ford. 2004. Are diseases increasing in the ocean? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 35:31-54. 2004 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
Moreira, S. M., M. Moreira-Santos, R. Ribeiro, and L. Guilhermino. 2004. The 'Coral Bulker' fuel oil spill on the north coast of portugal: Spatial and temporal biomarker responses in Mytilus galloprovincialis. Ecotoxicology 13:619-630. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Petroleum Spills; Waterborne Discharges
Verheij, E., S. Makoloweka, and H. Kalombo. 2004. Collaborative coastal management improves coral reefs and fisheries in Tanga, Tanzania. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:309-320. 2004 Tanzania Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Lee, T. W., M. Radzuan b Yusof, BO NI Rosli b, and S. A. Rahman. 2004. Protecting shallow water environment through re-injecting drilling wastes down hole: A proactive management decision. Pages 855-861 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 2004 Bahrain Discharges; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Seagrasses
Laws, E. A., D. Brown, and C. Peace. 2004. Coastal water quality in the Kihei and Lahaina districts of the island of Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Impacts from physical habitat and groundwater seepage: Implications for water quality standards. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 22:531-546. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Li, Y., S. Kershaw, and C. Xu. 2004. Control of carbonate sedimentation and reef growth in Llandovery sequences on the Northwestern margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China. Gondwana Research 7:937-949. 2004 Global; Japan; China Model Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pinazo, C., S. Bujan, P. Douillet, R. Fichez, C. Grenz, and A. Maurin. 2004. Impact of wind and freshwater inputs on phytoplankton biomass in the coral reef lagoon of New Caledonia during the summer cyclonic period: A coupled three-dimensional biogeochemical modeling approach. Coral Reefs 23:281-296. 2004 New Caledonia Model Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Crabbe, M. J. C., S. Karaviotis, and D. J. Smith. 2004. Monitoring growth of hard corals as performance indicators for coral reefs. Journal of Biological Education 38:113-117. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Jamaica; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Stony Coral
Denny, C. M., T. J. Willis, and R. C. Babcock. 2004. Rapid recolonisation of snapper Pagrus auratus: Sparidae within an offshore island marine reserve after implementation of no-take status. Marine Ecology Progress Series 272:183-190. 2004 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Dollar, S.J., R.W. Grigg. 2004. Anthropogenic and Natural Stresses on Selected Coral Reefs in Hawai'i: A Multidecade Synthesis of Impact and Recovery. Pacific Science 58:281-304. 2004 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Puotinen, M. L. 2004. Tropical cyclones in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 1910-1999: A first step towards characterising the disturbance regime. Australian Geographical Studies 42:378-392. 2004 Australia GIS & Maps Physical Damage; Storms & Hurricanes
McCarthy, L. H., R. L. Thomas, and C. I. Mayfield. 2004. Assessing the toxicity of chemically fractionated Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario) sediment using selected aquatic organisms. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 9:89-103. 2004 Sediment
[No author name available]. 2004. The biology and ecology of the North Sea. Journal of Offshore Technology 12:35-39. 2004 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Finfish Harvest; Fish
Steiner, S. C. C. 2003. Stony corals and reefs of Dominica, lesser antilles. Atoll Research Bulletin 15-Jan. 2003 Antilles Algae; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Hydrocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Lindahl, U. 2003. Coral reef rehabilitation through transplantation of staghorn corals: Effects of artificial stabilization and mechanical damages. Coral Reefs 22:217-223. 2003 Physical Damage; Stony Coral; Substrate
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2003 Domestic Animal Waste; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Steller, D. L., R. Riosmena-Rodriguez, M. S. Foster, and C. A. Roberts. 2003. Rhodolith bed diversity in the Gulf of California: The importance of rhodolith structure and consequences of disturbance. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13. 2003 Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Marine Worms; Sediment; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Hovland, M. and M. Risk. 2003. Do Norwegian deep-water coral reefs rely on seeping fluids? Marine Geology 198:83-96. 2003 Norway Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kolm, N. and A. Berglund. 2003. Wild populations of a reef fish suffer from the \nondestructive\" aquarium trade fishery". Conservation Biology 17:910-914. 2003 Japan; Indonesia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins
Westera, M., P. Lavery, and G. Hyndes. 2003. Differences in recreationally targeted fishes between protected and fished areas of a coral reef marine park. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 294:145-168. 2003 Australia; Indian Ocean; India Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Russ, G. R., A. C. Alcala, and A. P. Maypa. 2003. Spillover from marine reserves: The case of Naso vlamingii at Apo Island, the Philippines. Marine Ecology Progress Series 264:15-20. 2003 Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kemp, A. E. S., D. N. Langhorne, I. J. Fairchild, T. S. Schmitt, and E. G. Nisbet. 2003. Evidence for abrupt climate changes in annually laminated marine sediments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 361:1851-1870. 2003 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Huang, L., Y. Tan, X. Song, X. Huang, H. Wang, S. Zhang, J. Dong, and R. Chen. 2003. The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:180-186. 2003 China Fish; Mangroves; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Plankton; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Woodman, G. H., S. C. Wilson, V. Y. F. Li, and R. Renneberg. 2003. Acoustic characteristics of fish bombing: Potential to develop an automated blast detector. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:99-106. 2003 Southeast Asia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Orellana, M.V., P. Verdugo. 2003. Ultraviolet radiation blocks the organic carbon exchange between the dissolved phase and the gel phase in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 48:1618-1623. 2003 Light; Microorganisms; Substrate
Fabi, G., C. Solustri, S. Manoukian, A. Spagnolo, and M. Panfili. 2003. Benthic community settled on an artificial reef in the western Adriatic Sea (Italy). Page 812 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Sediment; Substrate
Allen, J. P., M. Nelson, and A. Alling. 2003. The legacy of biosphere 2 for the study of biospherics and closed ecological systems. Advances in Space Research 31:1629-1639. 2003 Global; Columbia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; CO2; Nutrients; Pathogens; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Burrage, D. M., M. L. Heron, J. M. Hacker, J. L. Miller, T. C. Stieglitz, C. R. Steinberg, and A. Prytz. 2003. Structure and influence of tropical river plumes in the Great Barrier Reef: Application and performance of an airborne sea surface salinity mapping system. Remote Sensing of Environment 85:204-220. 2003 Australia GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Runghen, H., M. Bhuruth, S. D. D. V. Rughooputh, and H. C. S. Rughooputh. 2003. Oil spill information system for mauritius: Oil spill shoreline sensitivity mapping & analysis. Pages 450-455 in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. 2003 Mauritius Model; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills
Barger, N. 2003. Yukon artificial reef monitoring project data collection using volunteer research divers. Pages 815-817 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Social Organizations
Lirman, D. and M. W. Miller. 2003. Modeling and monitoring tools to assess recovery status and convergence rates between restored and undisturbed coral reef habitats. Restoration Ecology 11:448-456. 2003 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Complex Habitat & Resources; Physical Damage; Stony Coral; Substrate
Worm, B., H. K. Lotze, and R. A. Myers. 2003. Predator diversity hotspots in the blue ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100:9884-9888. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Pacific Ocean Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Sea Turtles
Dunbar, G. B. and G. R. Dickens. 2003. Massive siliciclastic discharge to slopes of the Great Barrier Reef Platform during sea-level transgression: Constraints from sediment cores between 15°S and 16°S latitude and possible explanations. Sedimentary Geology 162:141-158. 2003 Australia Model Climate; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tarasenko, O., J. Ohashi, Y. Ataka, T. Inaoka, R. Ohtsuka, and K. Tokunaga. 2003. HLA-DRB1 polymorphism of Balopa islanders in Papua New Guinea. Anthropological Science 111:157-164. 2003 Micronesia; Papua New Guinea Finfish Harvest; Housing
Ouzts, A. C. and S. T. Szedlmayer. 2003. Diel Feeding Patterns of Red Snapper on Artificial Reefs in the North-Central Gulf of Mexico. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132:1186-1193. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Tunicates
Rao, V. P., G. Rajagopalan, K. H. Vora, and F. Almeida. 2003. Late Quaternary sea level and environmental changes from relic carbonate deposits of the western margin of India. Pages 25-Jan in Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences. 2003 India Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Campbell, R. A., J. G. Pepperell, and T. L. O. Davis. 2003. Use of charter boat data to infer the annual availability of black marlin, Makaira indica, to the recreational fishery off Cairns, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 54:447-457. 2003 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Barnes, D. J., R. B. Taylor, and J. M. Lough. 2003. Measurement of luminescence in coral skeletons. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 295:91-106. 2003 Agriculture; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharges; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hashimoto, N., S. Fujiwara, K. Watanabe, K. Iguchi, and M. Tsuzuki. 2003. Localization of clavulones, prostanoids with antitumor activity, within the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis (Alcyonacea, Clavulariidae): Preparation of a high-purity Symbiodinium fraction using a protease and a detergent. Lipids 38:991-997. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Cleaner & Solvent Use; Octocoral
Edmundson, J. A., T. M. Willette, J. M. Edmundson, D. C. Schmidt, S. R. Carlson, B. G. Bue, and K. E. Tarbox. 2003. Sockeye Salmon Overescapement (Kenai River Component). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report. 2003 Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McBride, R. S., J. R. Styer, and R. Hudson. 2003. Spawning cycles and habitats for ballyhoo (Hemiramphus brasiliensis) and balao (H. balao) in south Florida. Fishery Bulletin 101:583-589. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Eggleston, D. B., E. G. Johnson, G. T. Kellison, and D. A. Nadeau. 2003. Intense removal and non-saturating functional responses by recreational divers on spiny lobster Panulirus argus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 257:197-207. 2003 South & Central America; Florida; Cuba; Caribbean Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Burridge, C. Y., C. R. Pitcher, T. J. Wassenberg, I. R. Poiner, and B. J. Hill. 2003. Measurement of the rate of depletion of benthic fauna by prawn (shrimp) otter trawls: An experiment in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Research 60:237-253. 2003 Global; Australia Model Algae; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octocoral; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rocha, L. A. 2003. Patterns of distribution and processes of speciation in Brazilian reef fishes. Journal of Biogeography 30:1161-1171. 2003 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Discharges; Fish; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Coutures, E. and C. Chauvet. 2003. Study of an original lobster fishery in New Caledonia (Crustacea: Palinuridae and Scyllaridae). Atoll Research Bulletin 7-Jan. 2003 New Caledonia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Sala, E., O. Aburto-Oropeza, G. Paredes, and G. Thompson. 2003. Spawning aggregations and reproductive behavior of reef fishes in the Gulf of California. Bulletin of Marine Science 72:103-121. 2003 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean; Mexico Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Sandweiss, D. H. 2003. Terminal Pleistocene through Mid-Holocene archaeological sites as paleoclimatic archives for the Peruvian coast. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 194:23-40. 2003 Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goda, Y. 2003. Wave field computation around artificial reefs with gradational breaker model. Pages 824-836 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection
Harris, L. E. 2003. Submerged reef structures for beach erosion control. Pages 1155-1163 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. 2003 Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Nakajima, M., M. Yuhi, H. Mase, and H. Ishida. 2003. Improved boussinesq model and its application to wave transformations over artificial reef on sloping beach. Pages 837-849 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bell, F. W. 2003. Policy white paper on socioeconomic study of reefs in Southeast Florida. 2003 Florida Artificial Habitat; Economic Markets & Policies
Saitoh, T. and H. Ishida. 2003. Laboratory experiments for mass transport velocities and turbulence flows due to new type wave front breaker over artificial reef. Pages 814-823 in Coastal Structures 2003 - Proceedings of the Conference. 2003 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection
Choat, J. H., D. R. Robertson, J. L. Ackerman, and J. M. Posada. 2003. An age-based demographic analysis of the Caribbean stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride. Marine Ecology Progress Series 246:265-277. 2003 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish
Wright, A. D., E. Goclik, and G. M. Konig. 2003. Oxygenated analogues of gorgosterol and ergosterol from the soft coral Capnella lacertiliensis. Journal of Natural Products 66:157-160. 2003 Octocoral
Kelly, S. and A. B. MacDiarmid. 2003. Movement patterns of mature spiny lobsters, Jasus edwardsii, from a marine reserve. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 37:149-158. 2003 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Tian, W.-M. 2003. Positioning of Artificial Benthic Habitats off Mito, Southwestern Coast of Taiwan. Pages 794-801 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2003 Taiwan Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Gribble, N.A. 2003. GBR-prawn: modelling ecosystem impacts of changes in fisheries management of the commercial prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery in the far northern Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research 65:493-506. 2003 Australia Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cervino, J. M., R.L. Hayes, M. Honovich, T.J. Goreau, S. Jones, and P.J. Rubec. 2003. Changes in zooxanthellae density, morphology, and mitotic index in hermatypic corals and anemones exposed to cyanide. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:573-586. 2003 Southeast Asia Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Hydrocoral; Microorganisms; Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Leichter, J.J., H.L. Stewart, S. Miller. 2003. Episodic nutrient transport to Florida coral reefs. Limnology and Oceanography 48:1394-1407. 2003 Florida Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Walsh, J. P. and C. A. Nittrouer. 2003. Contrasting styles of off-shelf sediment accumulation in new guinea. Marine Geology 196:105-125. 2003 Global Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tissot, B. N. and L. E. Hallacher. 2003. Effects of Aquarium Collectors on Coral Reef Fishes in Kona, Hawaii. Conservation Biology 17:1759-1768. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Wilson, G., A. R. G. Price, T. Huntington, and S. C. Wilson. 2003. Environmental status of Yemen's Gulf of Aden coast determined from rapid field assessment and satellite imagery. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 6:119-129. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses
Miller, M. W., D. B. McClellan, and C. Begin. 2003. Observations on fisheries activities at Navassa Island. Marine Fisheries Review 65:43-49. 2003 South & Central America; Haiti; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Turtles; Snails & Conch
Serafy, J. E., C. H. Faunce, and J. J. Lorenz. 2003. Mangrove shoreline fishes of Biscayne Bay, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 72:161-180. 2003 Florida Model Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bellwood, D. R., A. S. Hoey, and J. H. Choat. 2003. Limited functional redundancy in high diversity systems: Resilience and ecosystem function on coral reefs. Ecology Letters 6:281-285. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish
Fox, H. E., J. S. Pet, R. Dahuri, and R. L. Caldwell. 2003. Recovery in rubble fields: Long-term impacts of blast fishing. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:1024-1031. 2003 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Daby, D. 2003. Some quantitative aspects of seagrass ecology in a coastal lagoon of Mauritius. Marine Biology 142:193-203. 2003 Mauritius GIS & Maps Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Lirman, D., B. Orlando, S. Macia, D. Manzello, L. Kaufman, P. Biber, and T. Jones. 2003. Coral communities of Biscayne Bay, Florida and adjacent offshore areas: Diversity, abundance, distribution, and environmental correlates. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13:121-135. 2003 Florida Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
National Research Council. 2003. Oil in the sea III: inputs, fates, and effects. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. 2003 Escape & Release of Non-natives; Mitigation
Bandara, N. J. G. J. 2003. Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka. Water Science and Technology 47:305-312. 2003 Sri Lanka Agriculture; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Page, M. C., G. R. Dickens, and G. B. Dunbar. 2003. Tropical view of Quaternary sequence stratigraphy: Siliciclastic accumulation on slopes east of the Great Barrier Reef since the Last Glacial Maximum. Geology 31:1013-1016. 2003 Australia Model Climate; Discharges; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ngatunga, E. L., S. Dondeyne, and J. A. Deckers. 2003. Is sulphur acidifying cashew soils of South Eastern Tanzania? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 95:179-184. 2003 Tanzania Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Pathogens
Ferrandini, J., J. Gattacceca, M. Ferrandini, A. Deino, and M.-C. Janin. 2003. Chronostratigraphy and paleomagnetism of Oligo-Miocene deposits of Corsica (France): Geodynamic implications for the liguro-provencal basin spreading [Chronostratigraphie et paleomagnetisme des depots oligo-miocenes de Corse: implications geodynami. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 174:357-371. 2003 Europe; France Sediment
Littlewood, D. T. J. and S. K. Donovan. 2003. Fossil parasites: A case of identity. Geology Today 19:136-142. 2003 Echinoderms; Trampling
Hanisko, D. S. and J. Lyczkowski-Shultz. 2003. Occurrence and pelagic habitat of reef fish larvae in the Gulf of Mexico. Pages 205-224 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rodgers, K. S. and E. F. Cox. 2003. The effects of trampling on Hawaiian corals along a gradient of human use. Biological Conservation 112:383-389. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Trampling
Hernandez Jr., F. J., R. F. Shaw, J. S. Cope, J. G. Ditty, T. Farooqi, and M. C. Benfield. 2003. The across-shelf larval, postlarval, and juvenile fish assemblages collected at offshore oil and gas platforms west of the Mississippi River delta. Pages 39-72 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nieland, D. L. and C. A. Wilson. 2003. Red snapper recruitment to and disappearance from oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 73-81 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Oil & Gas Rigs; Piscivorous Fish; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Patterson, W. F. and J. H. Cowan. 2003. Site fidelity and dispersion of red snapper associated with artificial reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 181-193 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Model Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Hoitink, A. J. F. 2003. Physics of coral reef systems in a shallow tidal embayment. Nederlandse Geografische Studies 313:11-141. 2003 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Peresypkin, V. I., E. A. Romankevich, and N. A. Belyaev. 2003. Paraffin hydrocarbons and lignin in the bottom sediments of the Blake-Bahama abyssal plain. Oceanology 43:503-511. 2003 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment
Sunshine, S. 2003. Surfing injuries. Current sports medicine reports2:136-141. 2003 Sunscreen Use
Horie, H., S. Kikuchi, T. Abe, M. Shimizu, N. Ogawa, and T. Azuma. 2003. Evaluation for algal farming of artificial reefs made from wood-cement composites (I) - Results of a survey on standing crops of small test blocks at Oshoro Bay, Southwestern Hokkaido. Rinsan Shikenj Oha/Journal of the Hokkaido Forest Products Research Institute 17:7-Jan. 2003 Artificial Habitat
Horie, H. and K. Takehana. 2003. Evaluation for algal farming of artificial reefs made from wood-cement composites (II) - Results of a survey on standing crops of full scale test blocks at Kaminokuni-cho coast, Southwestern Hokkaido. Rinsan Shikenj Oha/Journal of the Hokkaido Forest Products Research Institute 17. 2003 Artificial Habitat
Williams, A. J., C. R. Davies, B. D. Mapstone, and G. R. Russ. 2003. Scales of spatial variation in demography of a large coral-reef fish-an exception to the typical model? Fishery Bulletin 101:673-683. 2003 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Kramer, P. A. 2003. Synthesis of coral reef health indicators for the western Atlantic: Results of the AGRRA program (1997-2000). Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-57. 2003 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Caribbean Index or Indicator Coastal Development; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Kramer, P. A., K. W. Marks, and T. L. Turnbull. 2003. Assessment of Andros Island reef system, Bahamas (part 2: Fishes). Atoll Research Bulletin 100-123. 2003 Bahamas Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Carreon-Palau, L., S. A. Guzman-del Proco, J. Belmar-Perez, J. Carrillo-Laguna, and R. Herrera-Fragoso. 2003. Microhabitat and associated biota of abalone juveniles, Haliotis fulgens and H. corrugata, in Bahia Tortugas, Baja California Sur, Mexico [Microhabitat y biota asociada de juveniles de abulon Haliotis fulgens y H. corrugata en Bahia Tortugas, Baja Cal. Ciencias Marinas 29:325-341. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sponges
Mallinson, D., A. Hine, P. Hallock, S. Locker, E. Shinn, D. Naar, B. Donahue, and D. Weaver. 2003. Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: Response to sea level and climate change. Marine Geology 199:45-63. 2003 Florida Climate; Discharges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Marshall, N., T. Norall, R. S. Grove, and M. H. S. Elwany. 2003. Artificial reef site selection: Geophysical surveys for San Clemente kelp reef. Pages 793-803 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Review Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Sediment
Smith, L. D., A. P. Negri, E. Philipp, N. S. Webster, and A. J. Heyward. 2003. The effects of antifoulant-paint-contaminated sediments on coral recruits and branchlets. Marine Biology 143:651-657. 2003 Australia Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Diamond, A. 2003. Identification and assessment of scleractinians at Tarou Point, Dominica, West Indies. Coastal Management 31:409-421. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Haley, M. and A. Clayton. 2003. The role of NGOs in environmental policy failures in a developing country: The mismanagement of Jamaica's coral reefs. Environmental Values 12:29-54. 2003 Jamaica Corporate Responses; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Willis, T. J. and M. J. Anderson. 2003. Structure of cryptic reef fish assemblages: Relationships with habitat characteristics and predator density. Marine Ecology Progress Series 257:209-221. 2003 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Baine, M. and J. Side. 2003. The role of fishermen and other stakeholders in the North Sea rigs-to-reefs debate. Pages 14-Jan in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Oil & Gas Rigs
Beaver, C., S. Childs, and Q. Dokken. 2003. Secondary productivity within biotic fouling community elements on two artificial reef structures in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 195-204 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat
Maruyama, T., E. Hirose, and M. Ishikura. 2003. Ultraviolet-light-absorbing tunic cells in didemnid ascidians hosting a symbiotic photo-oxygenic prokaryote, Prochloron. Biological Bulletin 204:109-113. 2003 Light; Sunscreen Use
Spadoni, R. H. and H. Hudson. 2003. Repair of coral reefs following large vessel groundings. Pages 1500-1503 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Florida; Puerto Rico Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Middleton, H. and M. W. Wallace. 2003. The evolution of fluid flow systems prior to, during, and post MVT mineralization in the Givetian-Frasnian carbonates of the Emanuel Range, Western Australia. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 91-97. 2003 Australia Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lemmens, S. 2003. Periphyton collectors as a tool to measure environmental performance of ocean outlets. Water Science and Technology 47:125-131. 2003 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Wastewater Discharge
Jompa, J. and L. J. McCook. 2003. Contrasting effects of turf algae on corals: Massive Porites spp. are unaffected by mixed-species turfs, but killed by the red alga Anotrichium tenue. Marine Ecology Progress Series 258:79-86. 2003 Australia Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Moberg, F. and P. Ronnback. 2003. Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: Interactions, substitutions and restoration. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:27-46. 2003 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Despinoy, M., A. Minghelli-Roman, A. Begue, M. Petit, J. Coudray, and A. Barcelo. 2003. Airborne CASI imagery for bathymetric study in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Pages 2368-2370 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2003 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light
Gitschlag, G. R., M. J. Schirripa, and J. E. Powers. 2003. Impacts of red snapper mortality associated with the explosive removal of oil and gas structures on stock assessments of red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico. Pages 83-94 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Thattai, D. V. and B. Kjerfve. 2003. Numerical modeling of tidal and wind-driven circulation in the Meso-American barrier reef lagoon, Western Caribbean. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Henry, L.-A., E. L. R. Kenchington, and A. Silvaggio. 2003. Effects of mechanical experimental disturbance on aspects of colony responses, reproduction, and regeneration in the cold-water octocoral Gersemia rubiformis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 81:1691-1701. 2003 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Biernacka, J., J. Wosko, W. Dabrowski, and A. Nestorowicz. 2003. Use of drotrecorgin alfa - recombinant activated human protein C in treatment of septic shock in the course of therapy for nephrolithiasis. Medical Science Monitor 9. 2003 Discharges; Housing
Stanley, D. R. and C. A. Wilson. 2003. Seasonal and spatial variation in the biomass and size frequency distribution of fish associated with oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 123-153 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda; Mexico Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Rigs; Piscivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Halim, A. and D. Heru. 2003. Successful Extreme Underbalance Perforation in Exploration Well Donggi Gas Field, Sulawesi. Pages 414-419 in SPE - Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Forestry
Zeller, D., S. L. Stoute, and G. R. Russ. 2003. Movements of reef fishes across marine reserve boundaries: Effects of manipulating a density gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 254:269-280. 2003 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Pinheiro, L. M., M. K. Ivanov, A. Sautkin, G. Akhmanov, V. H. Magalhaes, A. Volkonskaya, J. H. Monteiro, L. Somoza, J. Gardner, N. Hamouni, and M. R. Cunha. 2003. Mud volcanism in the Gulf of Cadiz: Results from the TTR-10 cruise. Marine Geology 195:131-151. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Langer, M. R. and J. H. Lipps. 2003. Foraminiferal distribution and diversity, Madang Reef and Lagoon, Papua New Guinea. Coral Reefs 22:143-154. 2003 Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Van Trump, J. 2003. Protecting the 'rainforests of the sea': Creating the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands coral reef ecosystem reserve by executive order. Penn State Environmental Law Review 11:273-293. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Zepp, R. G. 2003. UV exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Light; Littering; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Zooxanthellae
Li, Y. and S. Kershaw. 2003. Reef reconstruction after extinction events of the latest Ordovician in the Yangtze Platform, South China. Facies 269-284. 2003 Global; China Echinoderms; Sediment
Santacesaria, M. 2003. The sea barrier [La barriera marina]. Industria Italiana del Cemento 73:320-333. 2003 Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector. 2003 Cuba Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Recreational Fishing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Acosta, C. A. and D. N. Robertson. 2003. Comparative spatial ecology of fished spiny lobsters Panulirus argus and an unfished congener P. guttatus in an isolated marine reserve at Glover's Reef atoll, Belize. Coral Reefs 22:9-Jan. 2003 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Holdsworth, J., P. Saul, and G. Browne. 2003. Factors affecting striped marlin catch rate in the New Zealand recreational fishery. Marine and Freshwater Research 54:473-481. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Hendy, E. J., J. M. Lough, and M. K. Gagan. 2003. Historical mortality in massive Porites from the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Evidence for past environmental stress? Coral Reefs 22:207-215. 2003 Australia Boring Sponges; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McLaughlin, C. J., C. A. Smith, R. W. Buddemeier, J. D. Bartley, and B. A. Maxwell. 2003. Rivers, runoff, and reefs. Global and Planetary Change 39:191-199. 2003 Global GIS & Maps Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Legros, E. J. 2003. Exploration-Production. The day when peak production will come... [Exploration-Production. Le jour où le pic viendra...]. Pages 57-59 in Petrole et Gaz Informations. 2003 Global; Middle East; Saudi Arabia; Iran; Oman; Europe Schools & Colleges
Schroder-Ritzrau, A., A. Mangini, and M. Lomitschka. 2003. Deep-sea corals evidence periodic reduced ventilation in the North Atlantic during the LGM/Holocene transition. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216:399-410. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Discharges
Okumura, S., Y. Kayano, K. Kusaka, S. Tsumura, and K. Maruyama. 2003. Experimental release of juvenile red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara into the artificial reefs made of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis shells. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 69:917-925. 2003 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Chiappone, M., H. Dienes, D. W. Swanson, and S. L. Miller. 2003. Density and Gorgonian host-occupation patterns by Flamingo Tongue snails (Cyphoma gibbosum) in the Florida keys. Caribbean Journal of Science 39:116-127. 2003 Florida Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Octocoral; Snails & Conch
Golbuu, Y., S. Victor, E. Wolanski, and R. H. Richmond. 2003. Trapping of fine sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:941-949. 2003 Palau; Micronesia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lam, K. K. Y. 2003. Coral recruitment onto an experimental pulverised fuel ash-concrete artificial reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:642-653. 2003 Artificial Habitat; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Utsuno, H., T. Oda, Y. Hanawa, Y. Hamazaki, N. Takehana, and M. Okumura. 2003. Characteristics of wave energy dissipating structures incorporating multi-slit walls and a slanted ceiling panel. R and D: Research and Development Kobe Steel Engineering Reports 53:80-85. 2003 Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection
Corda, L. and M. Brandano. 2003. Aphotic zone carbonate production on a Miocene ramp, Central Apennines, Italy. Sedimentary Geology 161:55-70. 2003 Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Brule, T., X. Renan, T. Coles-Marrufo, Y. Hauyon, A. N. Tuz-Sulub, and C. Deniel. 2003. Reproduction in the protogynous black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey)) from the southern Gulf of Mexico. Fishery Bulletin 101:463-475. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Raberg, S., M. Nystrom, M. Eros, P. Plantman. 2003. Impact of the Herbicides 2, 4-D and diuron on the metabolism of the coral Porites Cylindrica. Marine Environmental Research 56:503-514. 2003 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Kirke, B. 2003. Enhancing fish stocks with wave-powered artificial upwelling. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:901-915. 2003 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Plankton; Shoreline Protection
Alibert, C., L. Kinsley, S. J. Fallon, M. T. McCulloch, R. Berkelmans, and F. McAllister. 2003. Source of trace element variability in Great Barrier Reef corals affected by the Burdekin flood plumes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67:231-246. 2003 Australia Discharges; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rayment, G. E. 2003. Water quality in sugar catchments of Queensland. Water Science and Technology 48:35-47. 2003 Australia Review; Index or Indicator Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Croquer, A. and D. Bone. 2003. Disease in scleractinian corals: A new problem in the reef at Cayo Sombrero, Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela? [Las enfermedades en corales escleractinidos: ¿Un nuevo problema en el arrecife de Cayo Sombrero, Parque Nacional Morrocoy, Venezuela?]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:167-172. 2003 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Anderson, O. F. and M. R. Clark. 2003. Analysis of bycatch in the fishery for orange roughy, Hoplostethus atlanticus, on the South Tasman Rise. Marine and Freshwater Research 54:643-652. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Griggs, E. M., L. R. Kump, and J. K. Bohlke. 2003. The fate of wastewater-derived nitrate in the subsurface of the Florida Keys: Key Colony Beach, Florida. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 58:517-539. 2003 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Scheibner, C., J. J. G. Reijmer, A. M. Marzouk, R. P. Speijer, and J. Kuss. 2003. From platform to basin: The evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt). International Journal of Earth Sciences 92:624-640. 2003 Egypt
Banerjee, S., A. Via, S. Joshi, and J. Eklund. 2003. Aqueous cryogenically enhanced post copper CMP cleaning. Pages 329-336 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2003 Cleaner & Solvent Use; CO2
Bartosh, K., E. Brown, S. Naghshineh, D. Peters, and E. Walker. 2003. Low carbon contamination and water mark free post-CMP cleaning of hydrophobic osg dielectrics. Pages 305-311 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2003 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Cleaner & Solvent Use
Yazaki, M. 2003. Plural cognition of fishing grounds by coastal fishermen in the Shimauchi (Shimanaka) seas off the southeast coast of Izu Peninsula. Geographical Review of Japan, Series A 76:101-115. 2003 Finfish Harvest; Housing
Jimenez-Rodriguez, L. O., E. Rodriguez-Diaz, M. Velez-Reyes, and C. A. DiMarzio. 2003. Image reconstruction and subsurface detection by the application of Tikhonov regularization to inverse problems in hyperspectral images. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4892:398-407. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roberts, J. M., D. Long, J. B. Wilson, P. B. Mortensen, and J. D. Gage. 2003. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia) and enigmatic seabed mounds along the north-east Atlantic margin: Are they related? Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:20-Jul. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Finfish Harvest; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tamboli, D., G. Banerjee, M. Waddell, J. Listebarger, Q. Arefeen, and S. Hymes. 2003. Post-CMP challenges for Cu-Low K integration. Pages 18-Oct in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2003 Cleaner & Solvent Use
Siar, S. V. 2003. Knowledge, gender, and resources in small-scale fishing: The case of Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines. Environmental Management 31:569-580. 2003 Philippines GIS & Maps Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Housing; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Allison, G. W., S. D. Gaines, J. Lubchenco, and H. P. Possingham. 2003. Ensuring persistence of marine reserves: Catastrophes require adopting an insurance factor. Ecological Applications 13. 2003 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Storms & Hurricanes
Perry, C. T. 2003. Reef development at Inhaca Island, Mozambique: Coral communities and impacts of the 1999/2000 southern African floods. Ambio 32:134-139. 2003 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; India Discharges; Sediment
Jedrusik, M. 2003. Natural potential for tourism and forms of its use in tropical and subtropical islands [Przyrodniczy potencjał turystyczny oraz formy jego wykorzystania na wyspach tropikalnych i subtropikalnych]. Prace i Studia Geograficzne 32:141-158. 2003 South & Central America; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; India; Malaysia; Micronesia; Caribbean Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Land & Air Transportation; Tourism & Recreation
Kawasaki, H., M. Sano, and T. Shibuno. 2003. The relationship between habitat physical complexity and recruitment of the coral reef damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis: an experimental study using small-scale artificial reefs. Ichthyological Research 50:73-77. 2003 Japan Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rees, W. E. 2003. Economic development and environmental protection: An ecological economics perspective. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 86:29-45. 2003 Global Model Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mining Policies; Non-Monetary Valuation
[No author name available]. 2003. Oceans 2003 MTS/IEEE Proceedings. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Wastewater Discharge; Whales & Dolphins
Raberg, S., Nystrom, M., Eros, M., Plantman, P. 2003. Impact of the herbicides 2,4-D and diuron on the metabolism of the coral Porites cylindrica. Marine Environmental Research 56:503-514. 2003 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Guidetti, P., A. Terlizzi, S. Fraschetti, and F. Boero. 2003. Changes in Mediterranean rocky-reef fish assemblages exposed to sewage pollution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 253:269-278. 2003 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Pulfrich, A., C. A. Parkins, G. M. Branch, R. H. Bustamante, and C. R. Velasquez. 2003. The effects of sediment deposits from Namibian diamond mines on intertidal and subtidal reefs and rock lobster populations. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13:257-278. 2003 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Discharges; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mining; Sediment
Galindo-Riano, M. D., L. Castellon, K. Gonzalez, and M. Garcia-Vargas. 2003. Development and optimization of a digestion method for heavy metal determination in scleractinian corals by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) [Desarrollo y optimizacion de un ḿetodo de digestion para la determinacion de metales pesados en corales. Ciencias Marinas 29:413-424. 2003 Sediment; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Van De Schootbrugge, B., O. Kuhn, T. Adatte, P. Steinmann, and K. Follmi. 2003. Decoupling of P- And Corg-burial following Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) platform drowning along the NW Tethyan margin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 199:315-331. 2003 Global GIS & Maps Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carruthers, T. J. B., W. C. Dennison, B. J. Longstaff, M. Waycott, E. G. Abal, L. J. McKenzie, and W. J. Lee Long. 2002. Seagrass habitats of northeast Australia: Models of key processes and controls. Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1153-1169. 2002 Australia Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Van Duyl, F. C., G. J. Gast, W. Steinhoff, S. Kloff, M. J. W. Veldhuis, and R. P. M. Bak. 2002. Factors influencing the short-term variation in phytoplankton composition and biomass in coral reef waters. Coral Reefs 21:293-306. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Benoit, J. and M. Legault. 2002. Assessment of the feasibility of preventing reproduction of lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush, in shallow areas of reservoirs affected by drawdowns. Environmental Biology of Fishes 64:303-311. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Substrate
Richmond, R., R. Kelty, P. Craig, C. Emaurois, A. Green, C. Birkeland, G. Davis, A. Edward, Y. Golbuu, J. Gutierrez, P. Houk, N. Idechong, J. Maragos, G. Paulay, J. Starmer, A. Tafileichig, M. Trianni, and N. V. Velde. 2002. Status of the coral reefs in micronesia and American Samoa: US affiliated and freely associated islands in the Pacific. Pages 217-236 in C.R. Wilkinson, editor. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2002. GCRMN Report. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Palau; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Seastars; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Relini, G., M. Relini, G. Torchia, and G. Palandri. 2002. Ten years of censuses of fish fauna on the Loano artificial reef. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish
Ferry, R. E. and C. McArthur. 2002. Evaluation of shelf, harbor and disposed dredged sediments as potential sources of deposited muds on South Florida reefs. Pages 1827-1836 in Dredging, Key Technologies for Global Prosperity. 2002 Global; Florida Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Sediment
Germano, J. D., C. A. Reid, P. G. D. Whiteside, and R. Kennish. 2002. Field verification of computer models predicting plume dispersion in Hong Kong. Pages 859-873 in Dredging, Key Technologies for Global Prosperity. 2002 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Sediment
Sanchez-Jerez, P., B. M. Gillanders, S. Rodriguez-Ruiz, and A. A. Ramos-Espla. 2002. Effect of an artificial reef in Posidonia meadows on fish assemblage and diet of Diplodus annularis. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McArthur, C., R. Ferry, and J. Proni. 2002. Development of guidelines for dredged material disposal based on abiotic determinants of coral reef community structure. Pages 1897-1911 in Dredging, Key Technologies for Global Prosperity. 2002 Global Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Primary Production; Sediment
Will, R. J., D. J. Yozzo, and J. M. Rhoads. 2002. Dredging and Recontouring of New York-New Jersey Harbor for Benthic Habitat Restoration and Water Quality Improvement. Pages 1067-1086 in Dredging, Key Technologies for Global Prosperity. 2002 Global Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Wetlands
Haynes, D. and D. Loong. 2002. Antifoulant (butyltin and copper) concentrations in sediments from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia. Environmental Pollution 120:391-396. 2002 Australia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Docks & Marinas; Large Ships; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Dulvy, N. K., R. E. Mitchell, D. Watson, C. J. Sweeting, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2002. Scale-dependant control of motile epifaunal community structure along a coral reef fishing gradient. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 278:29-Jan. 2002 South & Central America; Fiji; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Substrate
Dulvy, N. K., R. E. Mitchell, D. Watson, C. J. Sweeting, and N. V. C. Polunin. 2002. Erratum: Scale-dependant control of motile epifaunal community structure along a coral reef fishing gradient (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (2002) 278 (1-29) PII: S0022098102003271). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 280:137-139. 2002 Finfish Harvest
Gullstrom, M., M. De La Torre Castro, S. O. Bandeira, M. Bjork, M. Dahlberg, N. Kautsky, P. Ronnback, and M. C. Ohman. 2002. Seagrass ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean. Ambio 31:588-596. 2002 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius; Reunion; India; South Africa; France Review; Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Nyberg, J. 2002. Luminescence intensity in coral skeletons from Mona Island in the Caribbean sea and its Link to precipitation and wind speed. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 360:749-766. 2002 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Morgan, M. B. and T. W. Snell. 2002. Characterizing stress gene expression in reef-building corals exposed to the mosquitoside dibrom. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1206-1218. 2002 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Marshall, P., C. Christie, K. Dobbs, A. Green, D. Haynes, J. Brodie, K. Michalek-Wagner, A. Smith, J. Storrie, and E. Turak. 2002. Grounded ship leaves TBT-based antifoulant on the Great Barrier Reef: An overview of the environmental response. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 7:215-221. 2002 Australia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Gutjahr-Gobell, R. E., M. Huber, D. J. Borsay Horowitz, G. E. Zaroogian, and L. J. Mills. 2002. A temperate reef fish, Tautogolabrus adspersus, (walbaum) as a potential model species for laboratory studies evaluating reproductive effects of chemical exposure. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21:380-389. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Index or Indicator Discharges; Fish
Francis, J., A. Nilsson, and D. Waruinge. 2002. Marine protected areas in the Eastern African Region: How successful are they? Ambio 31:503-511. 2002 Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius Review; Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Corporate Responses; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Scavia, D., J. C. Field, D. F. Boesch, R. W. Buddemeier, V. Burkett, D. R. Cayan, M. Fogarty, M. A. Harwell, R. W. Howarth, C. Mason, D. J. Reed, T. C. Royer, A. H. Sallenger, and J. G. Titus. 2002. Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems. Estuaries 25:149-164. 2002 Global Review Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Invasive Species; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Owen, R., A. Knap, M. Toaspern, and K. Carbery. 2002. Inhibition of coral photosynthesis by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:623-632. 2002 Florida; US Virgin Islands; Cuba; Bermuda Algae; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Dela Pierre, F., P. Clari, S. Cavagna, and E. Bicchi. 2002. The Parona chaotic complex: A puzzling record of the Messinian (Late Miocene) events in Monferrato (NW Italy). Sedimentary Geology 152:289-311. 2002 Algae; Sediment
Marcantonio, F., A. Zimmerman, Y. Xu, and E. Canuel. 2002. A Pb isotope record of mid-Atlantic US atmospheric Pb emissions in Chesapeake Bay sediments. Marine Chemistry 77:123-132. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Atmospheric Emissions; Sediment
Serisawa, Y., Y. Yokohama, Y. Aruga, and J. Tanaka. 2002. Growth of Ecklonia cava (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) sporophytes transplanted to a locality with different temperature conditions. Phycological Research 50:201-207. 2002 Japan Artificial Habitat
Seaman Jr., W. 2002. Unifying trends and opportunities in global artificial reef research, including evaluation. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat
Santos, M. N., C. C. Monteiro, and M. B. Gaspar. 2002. Diurnal variations in the fish assemblage at an artificial reef. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish
Cuevas, K. J. and M. V. Buchanan. 2002. Utilizing side scan sonar as an artificial reef management tool. Pages 136-140 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2002 Japan GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat
Burridge, T. R. and J. Bidwell. 2002. Review of the potential use of brown algal ecotoxicological assays in monitoring effluent discharge and pollution in southern Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 45:140-147. 2002 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Discharges
Heron, M. L., D. M. Burrage, and A. Prytz. 2002. Terrigenous runoff in the tropics observed with a scanning low frequency radiometer. Pages 2008-2013 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2002 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Long, R. and A. Grehan. 2002. Marine habitat protection in sea areas under the jurisdiction of a coastal member state of the European Union: The case of deep-water coral conservation in Ireland. International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 17:235-261. 2002 Europe Review Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Industry
Ryan, J. C. 2002. Dust in the wind. World Watch 15:32-35. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Cesar, H. 2002. The biodiversity benefits of coral reef ecosystems: values and markets. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris. 2002 Global; Indonesia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Cesar, H., P. van Beukering, S. Pintz, and J. Dierking. 2002. Economic valuation of the coral reefs of Hawaii. Hawaii Coral Reefs Initiative, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, US. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Mwashote, B. M. and I. O. Jumba. 2002. Quantitative aspects of inorganic nutrient fluxes in the Gazi Bay (Kenya): Implications for coastal ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1194-1205. 2002 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Negri, A. P., L. D. Smith, N. S. Webster, and A. J. Heyward. 2002. Understanding ship-grounding impacts on a coral reef: Potential effects of anti-foulant paint contamination on coral recruitment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:111-117. 2002 Australia Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Sediment; Stony Coral
Rilov, G. and Y. Benayahu. 2002. Rehabilitation of coral reef-fish communities: The importance of artificial-reef relief to recruitment rates. Bulletin of Marine Science 70:185-197. 2002 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton
Koskela, R. W., P. Ringeltaube, A. R. Small, T. V. Koskela, A. R. Fraser, J. D. Lee, and P. Marshall. 2002. Using predictive monitoring to mitigate construction impacts in sensitive marine environments. Pages 1-15 in Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology. 2002 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Ports & Harbors
Shears, N. T. and R. C. Babcock. 2002. Marine reserves demonstrate top-down control of community structure on temperate reefs. Oecologia 132:131-142. 2002 Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Shyue, S.-W., J.-C. Huang, and C.-H. Hong. 2002. Building a virtual reality navigation system for remotely operated vehicle. Pages 57-62 in Proceedings of ISOPE Pacific/Asia Offshore Mechanics Symposium. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Model Artificial Habitat
Badalamenti, F., R. Chemello, G. D'Anna, P. Henriquez Ramos, and S. Riggio. 2002. Are artificial reefs comparable to neighbouring natural rocky areas? A mollusc case study in the Gulf of Castellammare (NW Sicily). ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Molluscs
Baine, M. 2002. The North Sea rigs-to-reefs debate. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 United Kingdom Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Burton, W. H., J. S. Farrar, F. Steimle, and B. Conlin. 2002. Assessment of out-of-kind mitigation success of an artificial reef deployed in Delaware Bay, USA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Ports & Harbors
Caselle, J. E., M. S. Love, C. Fusaro, and D. Schroeder. 2002. Trash or habitat? Fish assemblages on offshore oilfield seafloor debris in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Charbonnel, E., C. Serre, S. Ruitton, J.-G. Harmelin, and A. Jensen. 2002. Effects of increased habitat complexity on fish assemblages associated with large artificial reef units (French Mediterranean coast). ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 France Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Chou, W.-R., K. S. Tew, and L.-S. Fang. 2002. Long-term monitoring of the demersal fish community in a steel-slag disposal area in the coastal waters of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Substrate
Roberts, J. M. and R. M. Anderson. 2002. A new laboratory method for monitoring deep-water coral polyp behaviour. Hydrobiologia 471:143-148. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Torres, J. L. and J. Morelock. 2002. Effect of terrigenous sediment influx on coral cover and linear extension rates of three Caribbean massive coral species. Caribbean Journal of Science 38:222-229. 2002 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bertrand, A., F.-X. Bard, and E. Josse. 2002. Tuna food habits related to the micronekton distribution in French Polynesia. Marine Biology 140:1023-1037. 2002 Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sheu, J.-H., A. F. Ahmed, R.-T. Shiue, C.-F. Dai, and Y.-H. Kuo. 2002. Scabrolides A-D, four new norditerpenoids isolated from the soft coral Sinularia scabra. Journal of Natural Products 65:1904-1908. 2002 Taiwan Octocoral
Martinent-Catalot, V., J.-M. Lamerant, G. Tilmant, M.-S. Bacou, and J. P. Ambrosi. 2002. Bauxaline®: A new product for various applications of Bayer process red mud. Pages 125-131 in Light Metals: Proceedings of Sessions, TMS Annual Meeting (Warrendale, Pennsylvania). 2002 Artificial Habitat
Green, D. R. and S. T. Ray. 2002. Using GIS for siting artificial reefs - Data issues, problems and solutions: 'Real World' to 'Real World'. Journal of Coastal Conservation 8:16-Jul. 2002 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Haynes, D., C. Christie, P. Marshall, and K. Dobbs. 2002. Antifoulant concentrations at the site of the Bunga Teratai Satu grounding, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:968-972. 2002 Australia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Haynes, D. and D. Kwan. 2002. Trace metals in sediments from Torres Strait and the Gulf of Papua: Concentrations, distribution and water circulation patterns. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1309-1313. 2002 Australia Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Smale, M. J. 2002. Occurrence of Carcharias taurus in nursery areas of the Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa. Marine and Freshwater Research 53:551-556. 2002 South Africa Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Clarke, S., A. Leung Wai-Yin, Y. M. Mak, R. Kennish, and N. Haggan. 2002. Consultation with local fishers on the Hong Kong artificial reefs initiative. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Model Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Collins, K. J., A. C. Jensen, J. J. Mallinson, V. Roenelle, and I. P. Smith. 2002. Environmental impact assessment of a scrap tyre artificial reef. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat
Collins, K. J., A. C. Jensen, and I. P. Smith. 2002. Oxygen fluxes of enclosed reef epibiota communities. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Artificial Habitat
Cripps, S. J. and J. P. Aabel. 2002. Environmental and socio-economic impact assessment of Ekoreef, a multiple platform rigs-to-reefs development. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sediment
Danovaro, R., C. Gambi, A. Mazzola, and S. Mirto. 2002. Influence of artificial reefs on the surrounding infauna: Analysis of meiofauna. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment
Deysher, L. E., T. A. Dean, R. S. Grove, and A. Jahn. 2002. Design considerations for an artificial reef to grow giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Southern California. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Review Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Substrate
Rasser, M. W. and B. Riegl. 2002. Holocene coral reef rubble and its binding agents. Coral Reefs 21:57-72. 2002 Review Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coralline Algae; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes
US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Water-Efficient Landscaping: Preventing Pollution & Using Resources Wisely. 4204M, US EPA. 2002 Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Housing; Landscaping & Household Services; Textiles & Apparel
US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA. 2002 Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge
Sainte-Marie, B. and D. Chabot. 2002. Ontogenetic shifts in natural diet during benthic stages of American lobster (Homarus americanus), off the Magdalen Islands. Fishery Bulletin 100:106-116. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton
Schroeder, W. W. 2002. Observations of Lophelia pertusa and the surficial geology at a deep-water site in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Hydrobiologia 471:29-33. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Substrate
Ditton, R. B., H. R. Osburn, T. L. Baker, and C. E. Thailing. 2002. Demographics, attitudes, and reef management preferences of sport divers in offshore Texas waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Cowley, P. D., S. L. Brouwer, and R. L. Tilney. 2002. The role of the Tsitsikamma National Park in the management of four shore-angling fish along the south-eastern Cape coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 27-35. 2002 South Africa Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Fabi, G., F. Luccarini, M. Panfili, C. Solustri, and A. Spagnolo. 2002. Effects of an artificial reef on the surrounding soft-bottom community (central Adriatic Sea). ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Marine Worms; Molluscs
Fabi, G. and A. Sala. 2002. An assessment of biomass and diel activity of fish at an artificial reef (Adriatic sea) using a stationary hydroacoustic technique. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59:411-420. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Falace, A. and G. Bressan. 2002. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the evolution of macroalgal vegetation on an artificial reef with anti-grazing nets (Loano-Ligurian Sea). ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Sea Urchins
Falace, A. and G. Bressan. 2002. Evaluation of the influence of inclination of substrate panels on seasonal changes in a macrophytobenthic community. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Crabtree, R. E., P. B. Hood, and D. Snodgrass. 2002. Age, growth, and reproduction of permit (Trachinotus falcatus) in Florida waters. Fishery Bulletin 100:26-34. 2002 Florida Model Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Jackson, L. A. and W. P. Hornsey. 2002. Engineering an artificial reef. Geotechnical Fabrics Report 20:18-25. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Storms & Hurricanes
Freiwald, A., V. Huhnerbach, B. Lindberg, J. B. Wilson, and J. Campbell. 2002. The Sula Reef Complex, Norwegian shelf. Facies 179-200. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA)
Day, J. C. 2002. Zoning - Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:139-156. 2002 Australia; United Kingdom Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Kanno, S., Y. Furushima, M. Okamoto, and S. Murakami. 2002. Box model analysis for the estimation of the water mass transport in coral reef region, Japan. Pages 654-659 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2002 Japan Model Discharges; Light; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guzman, H. M. and C. A. Guevara. 2002. Annual reproductive cycle, spatial distribution, abundance, and size structure of Oreaster reticulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Marine Biology 141:1077-1084. 2002 Panama Index or Indicator Aquarium & Pet Trade; Echinoderms; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Souvenir & Decorative Trade
Freitas, C. E. C., M. Petrere Jr, and M. A. P. Abuabara. 2002. Artificial reefs and their effects on fish assemblages in a Brazilian reservoir and Tailrace. Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 2:305-313. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hall, K. C. and R. T. Hanlon. 2002. Principal features of the mating system of a large spawning aggregation of the giant Australian cuttlefish Sepia apama (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Marine Biology 140:533-545. 2002 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid
Suenaga, Y., K. Masuda, H. Kakegawa, K. Hisamura, A. Suenaga, and K. Kimigawa. 2002. Development of the System for Creating Fishery Ground in and Around the Seto Inland Sea. Pages 420-424 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Fishing Sector
Tian, W.-M. 2002. Engineering Characteristics of Artificial Benthic Reefs at three Sites off Southwestern Coast of Taiwan. Pages 798-804 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2002 Taiwan Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Miller, M. W. and C. L. Gerstner. 2002. Reefs of an uninhabited Caribbean island: Fishes, benthic habitat, and opportunities to discern reef fishery impact. Biological Conservation 106:37-44. 2002 South & Central America; Haiti; Jamaica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Dupraz, C. and A. Strasser. 2002. Nutritional modes in coral-microbialite reefs (Jurassic, Oxfordian, Switzerland): Evolution of trophic structure as a response to environmental change. Palaios 17:449-471. 2002 Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Hendy, E. J., M. K. Gagan, C. A. Alibert, M. T. McCulloch, J. M. Lough, and P. J. Isdale. 2002. Abrupt decrease in tropical pacific sea surface salinity at end of little ice age. Science 295:1511-1514. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Salinity
Lambert, G. 2002. Nonindigenous Ascidians in tropical waters. Pacific Science 56:291-298. 2002 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Palau; Guam; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Ballast Discharge; Coastal Defense; Docks & Marinas; Invasive Species; Military; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Rigs; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Salinity
McClanahan, T., N. Polunin, and T. Done. 2002. Ecological states and the resilience of coral reefs. Conservation Ecology 6. 2002 Global Review Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Heibaum, M. H. 2002. Geosynthetic containers - A new field of application with nearly no limits [Geokunststoff-container- ein neues und nahezu unbegrenztes Anwendungsgebiet]. Geotechnik 25:254-260. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection
Frumkes, D. R. 2002. The status of the California rigs-to-reefs programme and the need to limit consumptive fishing activities. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs
Bouree, P. and A. Lancon. 2002. Dangerous aquatic animals [Les animaux aquatiques dangereux]. Revue Francaise des Laboratoires 2002:61-64. 2002 Australia; Iran Anemones & Zooanthids; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Sea Urchins
Godoy, E. A. S., T. C. M. Almeida, and I. R. Zalmon. 2002. Fish assemblages and environmental variables on an artificial reef north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gibson, P. T., D. G. Worthington, C. Blount, and N. L. Andrew. 2002. Incidental damage of blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) by commercial divers in New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Shellfish Research 21:787-792. 2002 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Husebo, A., L. Nottestad, J. H. Fossa, D. M. Furevik, and S. B. Jorgensen. 2002. Distribution and abundance of fish in deep-sea coral habitats. Hydrobiologia 471:91-99. 2002 Norway Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Montagna, P. A., S. C. Jarvis, and M. C. Kennicutt II. 2002. Distinguishing between contaminant and reef effects on meiofauna near offshore hydrocarbon platforms in the Gulf of Mexico. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59:1584-1592. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat
Parker Jr., R. O. and R. L. Dixon. 2002. Reef faunal response to warming middle U.S. continental shelf waters. Pages 141-154 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
[No author name available]. 2002. Concrete reefs and cannabis. Mining, Quarrying and Recycling 31:11. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Restall, S. J., L. A. Jackson, G. Heerten, and W. P. Hornsey. 2002. Case studies showing the growth and development of geotextile sand containers: An Australian perspective. Geotextiles and Geomembranes 20:321-342. 2002 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Samkutty, P. J. and R. H. Gough. 2002. Filtration treatment of dairy processing wastewater. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 37:195-199. 2002 Lab Study Wastewater Discharge
Schmitt, E. F., R. D. Sluka, and K. M. Sullivan-Sealey. 2002. Evaluating the use of roving diver and transect surveys to assess the coral reef fish assemblage off southeastern Hispaniola. Coral Reefs 21:216-223. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Dominican Republic Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Sipia, V. O., H. T. Kankaanpaa, S. Pflugmacher, J. Flinkman, A. Furey, and K. J. James. 2002. Bioaccumulation and detoxication of nodularin in tissues of flounder (Platichthys flesus), mussels (Mytilus edulis, Dreissena polymorpha), and clams (Macoma balthica) from the northern Baltic Sea. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 53:305-311. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms
Belliveau, S. A. and V. J. Paul. 2002. Effects of herbivory and nutrients on the early colonization of crustose coralline and fleshy algae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 232:105-114. 2002 Guam Algae; Coralline Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sediment
Guzman, H. M. and E. M. Garcia. 2002. Mercury levels in coral reefs along the Caribbean coast of Central America. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1415-1420. 2002 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Toxics
Malakoff, D. 2002. Sea-floor ecosystems: Trawling's a drag for marine life, say studies. Science 298:2123. 2002 Florida Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Friedlander, A. M. and E. E. DeMartini. 2002. Contrasts in density, size, and biomass of reef fishes between the northwestern and the main Hawaiian islands: The effects of fishing down apex predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 230:253-264. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Paulay, G., L. Kirkendale, G. Lambert, and C. Meyer. 2002. Anthropogenic biotic interchange in a coral reef ecosystem: A case study from Guam. Pacific Science 56:403-422. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Guam Ballast Discharge; Complex Habitat & Resources; Docks & Marinas; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Invasive Species; Military; Ports & Harbors; Tourism & Recreation
Downs, C. A., G. Shigenaka, J. E. Fauth, C. E. Robinson, and A. Huang. 2002. Cellular physiological assessment of bivalves after chronic exposure to spilled Exxon Valdez crude oil using a novel molecular diagnostic biotechnology. Environmental Science and Technology 36:2987-2993. 2002 Biotechnology Research & Development; Bivalves
Vanderploeg, H. A., T. F. Nalepa, D. J. Jude, E. L. Mills, K. T. Holeck, J. R. Liebig, I. A. Grigorovich, and H. Ojaveer. 2002. Dispersal and emerging ecological impacts of Ponto-Caspian species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59:1209-1228. 2002 GIS & Maps Algae; Ballast Discharge; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Microorganisms; Plankton; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R. 2002. The near future of coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 29:460-483. 2002 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome. 2002 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Michaelis, W., R. Seifert, K. Nauhaus, T. Treude, V. Thiel, M. Blumenberg, K. Knittel, A. Gieseke, K. Peterknecht, T. Pape, A. Boetius, R. Amann, B. B. Jorgensen, F. Widdel, J. Peckmann, N. V. Pimenov, and M. B. Gulin. 2002. Microbial reefs in the black sea fueled by anaerobic oxidation of methane. Science 297:1013-1015. 2002 Cuba Carbon Storage & Cycling; Microorganisms
Mohammed, S. M. 2002. Pollution management in Zanzibar: The need for a new approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:301-311. 2002 Discharges; Mangroves; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Kaiser, M. J., J. S. Collie, S. J. Hall, S. Jennings, and I. R. Poiner. 2002. Modification of marine habitats by trawling activities: Prognosis and solutions. Fish and Fisheries 3:114-136. 2002 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Brown, B. E., K. R. Clarke, and R. M. Warwick. 2002. Serial patterns of biodiversity change in corals across shallow reef flats in KO Phuket, Thailand, due to the effects of local (sedimentation) and regional (climatic) perturbations. Marine Biology 141:21-29. 2002 Indian Ocean; India; Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Heap, A. D., G. R. Dickens, L. K. Stewart, and K. J. Woolfe. 2002. Holocene storage of siliciclastic sediment around islands on the middle shelf of the Great Barrier Reef Platform, north-east Australia. Sedimentology 49:603-621. 2002 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aleksandrov, B. G., G. G. Minicheva, and T. V. Strikalenko. 2002. Ecological aspects of artificial reef construction using scrap tires. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 28:120-126. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Plankton; Substrate
Dubois, S., C. Retiere, and F. Olivier. 2002. Biodiversity associated with Sabellaria alveolata (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) reefs: Effects of human disturbances. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82:817-826. 2002 Europe; France Finfish Harvest; Marine Worms; Sediment
Beattie, A., U.R. Sumaila, V. Christensen, D. Pauly. 2002. A Model for the Bioeconomic Evaluation of Marine Protected Area Size and Placement in the North Sea. Natural Resource Modeling 15:413-437. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Gartner, A., P. Lavery, and A. J. Smit. 2002. Use of δ15N signatures of different functional forms of macroalgae and filter-feeders to reveal temporal and spatial patterns in sewage dispersal. Marine Ecology Progress Series 235:63-73. 2002 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Sponges; Wastewater Discharge
Griffin, D. W., C. A. Kellog, V. H. Garrison, and E. A. Shinn. 2002. The global transport of dust. American Scientist 90:230-238. 2002 Global Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms
Rushton, B. 2002. Treatment of Storm water Runoff from an Agricultural Basin by a Wet-Detention Pond in Ruskin, Florida, Final Report, Southwest Florida Management District. 2002 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sherman, R. L., D. S. Gilliam, and R. E. Spieler. 2002. Artificial reef design: Void space, complexity, and attractants. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Florida Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shyue, S.-W. and K.-C. Yang. 2002. Investigating terrain changes around artificial reefs by using a multi-beam echosounder. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat
Soldal, A. V., I. Svellingen, T. Jorgensen, and S. Lokkeborg. 2002. Rigs-to-reefs in the North Sea: Hydroacoustic quantification of fish in the vicinity of a \semi-cold\" platform". ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Cornee, J.-J., M. Villeneuve, M. Ferrandini, F. Hinschberger, J. Malod, K. Matsumaru, A. Ribaud-Laurenti, and J.-P. Rehault. 2002. Oligocene reefal deposits in the Pisang Ridge and the origin of the Lucipara Block (Banda Sea, eastern Indonesia). Geo-Marine Letters 22:66-74. 2002 Indonesia Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Heller, P. S. and M. Mani. 2002. Adapting to climate change. Finance and Development 39:29-31. 2002 India Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Mitigation; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tupper, M. and M. A. Rudd. 2002. Species-specific impacts of a small marine reserve on reef fish production and fishing productivity in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Environmental Conservation 29:484-492. 2002 Turks and Caicos Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Funding & Incentives; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Steimle, F., K. Foster, R. Kropp, and B. Conlin. 2002. Benthic macrofauna productivity enhancement by an artificial reef in Delaware Bay, USA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Mitigation
Stephens Jr., J. and D. Pondella II. 2002. Larval productivity of a mature artificial reef: The ichthyoplankton of King Harbor, California, 1974-1997. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Turpin, R. K. and S. A. Bortone. 2002. Pre- and post-hurricane assessment of artificial reefs: Evidence for potential use as refugia in a fishery management strategy. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Gu, J., J. Jia, and H. Fang. 2002. Reservoir characteristics and genesis of high-porosity and high-permeability reservoirs in Tarim Basin. Chinese Science Bulletin 47:19-Dec. 2002
Umezawa, Y., T. Miyajima, H. Kayanne, and I. Koike. 2002. Significance of groundwater nitrogen discharge into coral reefs at ishigaki island, southwest of Japan. Coral Reefs 21:346-356. 2002 Japan Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lin, P.-H., M.-D. Chou, Q. Ji, and S.-C. Tsay. 2002. Clear-sky surface solar radiation during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 13:185-195. 2002 China Model Light
Wilding, T. A. and M. D. J. Sayer. 2002. The physical and chemical performance of artificial reef blocks made using quarry by-products. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects
Wilding, T. A. and M. D. J. Sayer. 2002. Evaluating artificial reef performance: Approaches to pre- and post-deployment research. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Zalmon, I. R., R. Novelli, M. P. Gomes, and V. V. Faria. 2002. Experimental results of an artificial reef programme on the Brazilian coast north of Rio de Janeiro. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Miller, S. L., D. W. Swanson, and M. Chiappone. 2002. Multiple spatial scale assessment of coral reef and hard-bottom community structure in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Pages 69-74 in Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium. 2002 Florida Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Octocoral
NOAA Marine Sanctuaries Division. 2002. Environmental assessment: M/V Wellwood grounding site restoration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Sanctuaries Division, Silver Spring, Maryland. 2002 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Cultural Policies; Mitigation
Jackson, C. Rhett; Kolka, Randy. 2002. Forestry Best Management Practices And Their Effectiveness. in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 Chemical Use Regulations; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Strecker, Eric W.; Quigley, Marcus M.; Urbonas, Ben. 2002. How Well Do BMPs Work? A Guidance Manual for Meeting the National Stormwater BMP Database Requirements and an Update on BMP Effectiveness. Pages 172-188 in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Walker, B. K., B. Henderson, and R. E. Spieler. 2002. Fish assemblages associated with artificial reefs of concrete aggregates or quarry stone offshore Miami Beach, Florida, USA. Aquatic Living Resource 15:95-105. 2002 Florida; Cuba Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
Ley, J. A., I. A. Halliday, A. J. Tobin, R. N. Garrett, and N. A. Gribble. 2002. Ecosystem effects of fishing closures in mangrove estuaries of tropical Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 245:223-238. 2002 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lipp, E. K., J. L. Jarrell, D. W. Griffin, J. Lukasik, J. Jacukiewicz, and J. B. Rose. 2002. Preliminary evidence for human fecal contamination in corals of the Florida Keys, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:666-670. 2002 Florida Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Wastewater Discharge
Jensen, A. 2002. Artificial reefs of Europe: Perspective and future. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Oman; Europe; Spain; Poland; France; Norway; United Kingdom Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Seagrasses
Jorgensen, T., S. Lokkeborg, and A. V. Soldal. 2002. Residence of fish in the vicinity of a decommissioned oil platform in the North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs
Kennish, R., K. D. P. Wilson, J. Lo, S. C. Clarke, and S. Laister. 2002. Selecting sites for large-scale deployment of artificial reefs in Hong Kong: Constraint mapping and prioritization techniques. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector
Kress, N., M. Tom, and E. Spanier. 2002. The use of coal fly ash in concrete for marine artificial reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean: Compressive strength, sessile biota, and chemical composition. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Coal Mining; Marine Worms
Lok, A., C. Metin, A. Ulas, F. O. Duzbastilar, and A. Tokac. 2002. Artificial reefs in Turkey. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
De Mol, B., P. Van Rensbergen, S. Pillen, K. Van Herreweghe, D. Van Rooij, A. McDonnell, V. Huvenne, M. Ivanov, R. Swennen, and J. P. Henriet. 2002. Large deep-water coral banks in the Porcupine Basin, southwest of Ireland. Marine Geology 188:193-231. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Nutrients; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hungspreugs, M., W. Utoomprurkporn, P. Sompongchaiyakul, and W. Heungraksa. 2002. Possible impact of dam reservoirs and river diversions on material fluxes to the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Chemistry 79:185-191. 2002 Thailand Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Halim, A. 2002. Adoption of cyanide fishing practice in Indonesia. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:313-323. 2002 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing
Calhoun, R. S., C. H. Fletcher, and J. N. Harney. 2002. A budget of marine and terrigenous sediments, Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaiian Islands. Sedimentary Geology 150:61-87. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Charlier, R. H. 2002. Impact on the coastal environment of marine aggregates mining. International Journal of Environmental Studies 59:297-322. 2002 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mining
Hesp, S. A., I. C. Potter, and N. G. Hall. 2002. Age and size composition, growth rate, reproductive biology, and habitats of the West Australian dhufish (Glaucosoma hebraicum) and their relevance to the management of this species. Fishery Bulletin 100:214-227. 2002 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Geutebruck, E., J. Herler, R. Kikinger, M. Stachowitsch, and M. Lorkin. 2002. Environmental Impact of Offshore Oil and Gas Company Operations in the Southern Arabian Gulf: A Marine Environmental Survey. Pages 1466-1474 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 2002 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Sediment
Platten, J. R., I. R. Tibbetts, and M. J. Sheaves. 2002. The influence of increased line-fishing mortality on the sex ratio and age of sex reversal of the venus tusk fish. Journal of Fish Biology 60:301-318. 2002 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish
Andrews, A. H., E. E. Cordes, M. M. Mahoney, K. Munk, K. H. Coale, G. M. Cailliet, and J. Heifetz. 2002. Age, growth and radiometric age validation of a deep-sea, habitat-forming gorgonian (Primnoa resedaeformis) from the Gulf of Alaska. Hydrobiologia 471:101-110. 2002 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Octocoral
Allen, G. R. and T. B. Werner. 2002. Coral reef fish assessment in the 'coral triangle' of southeastern Asia. Environmental Biology of Fishes 65:209-214. 2002 Cuba; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia; Philippines Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Angel, D. L., N. Eden, S. Breitstein, A. Yurman, T. Katz, and E. Spanier. 2002. In situ biofiltration: A means to limit the dispersal of effluents from marine finfish cage aquaculture. Hydrobiologia 469:10-Jan. 2002 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Sponges; Tunicates
McClanahan, T. R., B. A. Cokos, and E. Sala. 2002. Algal growth and species composition under experimental control of herbivory, phosphorus and coral abundance in Glovers Reef, Belize. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:441-451. 2002 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Corallivorous Fish; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Burrage, D. M., M. L. Heron, J. M. Hacker, T. C. Stieglitz, C. R. Steinberg, and A. Prytz. 2002. Evolution and dynamics of tropical river plumes in the Great Barrier Reef: An integrated remote sensing and in situ study. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 107. 2002 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Discharges; Salinity; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lokkeborg, S., O.-B. Humborstad, T. Jorgensen, and A. V. Soldal. 2002. Spatio-temporal variations in gillnet catch rates in the vicinity of North Sea oil platforms. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Oil & Gas Rigs
Miller, M. W. 2002. Using ecological processes to advance artificial reef goals. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector
Moreno, I. 2002. Effects of substrate on the artificial reef fish assemblage in Santa Eulalia Bay (Ibiza, western Mediterranean). ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Substrate
Roberts, J. M. 2002. The occurrence of the coral Lophelia pertusa and other conspicuous epifauna around an oil platform in the North Sea. Underwater Technology 25:83-91. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Octocoral; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sayer, M. D. J. and M. S. P. Baine. 2002. Rigs to reefs: A critical evaluation of the potential for reef development using decommissioned rigs. Underwater Technology 25:93-97. 2002 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fish; Fishing Sector
Choudhury, S. B., K. H. Rao, and M. V. Rao. 2002. Sattelite remote sensing for marine resources assessment. Tropical Ecology 43:187-202. 2002 India Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Morton, B. 2002. Effects of extreme rainfall, typhoons and declaration of marine reserve status on corals beached at Cape d'Aguilar (1998 and 1999). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82:729-743. 2002 Finfish Harvest; Storms & Hurricanes
Tourova, T. P., T. V. Kolganova, B. B. Kuznetsov, and N. V. Pimenov. 2002. Phylogenetic diversity of the archaeal component in microbial mats on coral-like structures associated with methane seeps in the black sea. Mikrobiologiya 71:230-236. 2002
Ono, Y. 2002. Landform conservation and flood control: The issue of the Chitose Diversion Channel project in Hokkaido, Japan. Australian Geographical Studies 40:143-154. 2002 Japan Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water
Berkelmans, R., J. C. Hendee, P. A. Marshall, P. V. Ridd, A. R. Orpin, and D. Irvine. 2002. Automatic weather stations: Tools for managing and monitoring potential impacts to coral reefs. Marine Technology Society Journal 36:29-38. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Osenberg, C. W., C. M. St. Mary, J. A. Wilson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2002. A quantitative framework to evaluate the attraction-production controversy. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat
Pitcher, T. J., E. A. Buchary, and T. Hutton. 2002. Forecasting the benefits of no-take human-made reefs using spatial ecosystem simulation. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 China Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Pondella II, D. J., J. S. Stephens Jr., and M. T. Craig. 2002. Fish production of a temperate artificial reef based on the density of embiotocids (Teleostei: Perciformes). ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Model Artificial Habitat; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection
Salvat, B. and A. Aubanel. 2002. The management of coral reefs of French Polynesia [La gestion des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 57:193-251. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; France Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Poff, N. L., M. M. Brinson, and J. W. Day. 2002. Aquatic ecosystems & global climate change. 2002 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Fish; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Trautman, D. A., R. Hinde, L. Cole, A. Grant, and R. Quinnell. 2002. Visualisation of the symbiosome membrane surrounding cnidarian algal cells. Symbiosis 32:133-145. 2002 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Cleaner & Solvent Use
Warn, S. 2002. Sustainable management of coral reefs. Geography Review 15:6-Feb. 2002 Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Chaston, K.A.V. 2001. Sediment Nutrient Bioavailability in a Sub-tropical Catchment Dominated by Agriculture: The transition from Land to Sea. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sheppard, C. 2001. The main issues affecting coasts of the Indian and Western Pacific oceans: A meta-analysis from Seas at the Millennium. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1199-1207. 2001 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Pacific Ocean Review Finfish Harvest
Roberts, R. 2001. A review of settlement cues for larval abalone (Haliotis spp.). Journal of Shellfish Research 20:571-586. 2001 Review Algae; Coralline Algae; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Castro, K. M., J. S. Cobb, R. A. Wahle, and J. Catena. 2001. Habitat addition and stock enhancement for American lobsters, Homarus americanus. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:1253-1261. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Popenoe, P. and F. T. Manheim. 2001. Origin and history of the Charleston Bump - Geological formations, currents, bottom conditions, and their relationship to wreckfish habitats on the Blake Plateau. Pages 43-94 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2001 Discharges; Fish; Sediment
Bedir, M., N. Boukadi, S. Tlig, F. B. Timzal, L. Zitouni, R. Alouani, F. Slimane, C. Bobier, and F. Zargouni. 2001. Subsurface Mesozoic basins in the central Atlas of Tunisia: Tectonics, Sequence deposit distribution, and hydrocarbon potential. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 85:885-907. 2001 Model Sediment
Wilson, P. A. and R. D. Norris. 2001. Warm tropical ocean surface and global anoxia during the mid-Cretaceous period. Nature 412:425-429. 2001 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2001. Artificial reefs: From rush hour to Atlantic Ocean, New York subway cars are haven. ENR (Engineering News-Record) 246:17. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat
McFall, D. 2001. Finally! Engine Oil Tiers. Lubes-n-Greases 7. 2001 Octocoral
Wing, E. S. 2001. The sustainability of resources used by native Americans on four Caribbean Islands. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11:112-126. 2001 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs
Wantiez, L. and P. Thollot. 2001. Colonization of the F/V Caledonie Toho 2 wreck by a reef-fish assemblage near noumea (New Caledonia). Atoll Research Bulletin 19-Jan. 2001 New Caledonia Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R. and R. Arthur. 2001. The effect of marine reserves and habitat on populations of East African coral reef fishes. Ecological Applications 11:559-569. 2001 Indian Ocean; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Bruckner, A. and R. Bruckner. 2001. Condition of restored Acropora palmata fragments off Mona Island, Puerto Rico, 2 years after the Fortuna Reefer ship grounding. Coral Reefs 20:235-243. 2001 Puerto Rico Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boring Sponges; Marine Worms; Pathogens; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Brotto, D. S. and F. G. Araujo. 2001. Habitat selection by fish in an artificial reef in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44:319-324. 2001 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Campbell, R. A., B. D. Mapstone, and A. D. M. Smith. 2001. Evaluating large-scale experimental designs for management of coral trout on the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications 11:1763-1777. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Morelock, J., W. R. Ram�rez, A. W. Bruckner, and M. Carlo. 2001. Status of coral reefs southwest Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science pp.57. 2001 Puerto Rico Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Heyman, W. D., R. T. Graham, B. Kjerfve, and R. E. Johannes. 2001. Whale sharks Rhincodon typus aggregate to feed on fish spawn in Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 215:275-282. 2001 South & Central America; Belize Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Jackson, J. B. C. and E. Sala. 2001. Unnatural Oceans. Scientia Marina 65:273-281. 2001 Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Patterson III, W. F., J. C. Watterson, R. L. Shipp, and JR . Cowan J.H. 2001. Movement of tagged red snapper in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:533-545. 2001 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Meric, E. and Gormus. 2001. The genus Loftusia. Micropaleontology 47:Jan-73. 2001 Middle East Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Salinity; Sediment; Substrate
Bax, N. J. and A. Williams. 2001. Seabed habitat on the south-eastern Australian continental shelf: Context, vulnerability and monitoring. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:491-512. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest
Schuttenberg, editor. 2001. Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response - Selected Papers Presented at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium October 2000. Coastal Management Report #2230, Coastal Resources Center, Narragansett, (Rhode Island, USA). 2001 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Philippines Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Rutherford, A. W. and A. Krieger-Liszkay. 2001. Herbicide-induced oxidative stress in photosystem II. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 26:648-653. 2001 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Ryan, J. C. 2001. Indonesia's Coral Reefs On the line. World Watch 14:19-Dec. 2001 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Pathogens; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Yokoyama, Y., T. M. Esat, and K. Lambeck. 2001. Coupled climate and sea-level changes deduced from Huon Peninsula coral terraces of the last ice age. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 193:579-587. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Papua New Guinea Climate; Discharges
Talbot, F. and C. Wilkinson. 2001. Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses: a sourcebook for managers. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville (Australia). 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Riegl, B. 2001. Degradation of reef structure, coral and fish communities in the Red Sea by ship groundings and dynamite fisheries. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:595-611. 2001 Egypt Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Risk, M. J., J. M. Heikoop, E. N. Edinger, and M. V. Erdmann. 2001. The assessment 'toolbox': Community-based reef evaluation methods coupled with geochemical techniques to identify sources of stress. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:443-458. 2001 Indonesia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Fish; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
[No author name available]. 2001. Corals wear fluorescent sunscreen. Photonics Spectra 35:40. 2001 Sunscreen Use
Zuschin, M., J. Hohenegger, and F. F. Steininger. 2001. Molluscan assemblages on coral reefs and associated hard substrata in the northern red sea. Coral Reefs 20:107-116. 2001 Bivalves; Hydrocoral; Molluscs; Nutrients; Physical Damage; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Substrate
Board, M.S. 2001. Vortechnics Treatment of Parking Lot Runoff, Thesis. 2001 Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff
Pache, M., J. Reitner, and G. Arp. 2001. Geochemical evidence for the formation of a large miocene \Travertine\" mound at a sublacustrine spring in a soda lake (Wellerstein Castle Rock, Nordlinger Ries, Germany)". Facies 211-230. 2001 Germany CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Obura, D. O. 2001. Kenya. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1264-1278. 2001 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Bailey IV., H. K., J. H. Cowan Jr, and R. L. Shipp. 2001. Experimental evaluation of potential effects of habitat size and presence of conspecifics on habitat association by young-of-the-year Red Snapper. Gulf of Mexico Science 19:119-131. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish
Price, A. R. 2001. The marine food chain in relation to biodiversity. TheScientificWorldJournal 1:579-587. 2001 Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Conway, K. W., M. Krautter, J. V. Barrie, and M. Neuweiler. 2001. Hexactinellid sponge reefs on the Canadian continental shelf: A unique \living fossil\"". Geoscience Canada 28:71-78. 2001 Global Finfish Harvest; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lourey, M. J., D. M. Alongi, D. A. J. Ryan, and M. J. Devlin. 2001. Variability of nutrient regeneration rates and nutrient concentrations in surface sediments of the northern Great Barrier Reef shelf. Continental Shelf Research 21:145-155. 2001 Australia Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lugo-Fernandez, A., K. J. P. Deslarzes, J. M. Price, G. S. Boland, and M. V. Morin. 2001. Inferring probable dispersal of Flower Garden Banks coral larvae (Gulf of Mexico) using observed and simulated drifter trajectories. Continental Shelf Research 21:47-67. 2001 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Oil & Gas Rigs; Physical Damage; Salinity; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Patterson III, W. F., JR . Cowan J.H., C. A. Wilson, and R. L. Shipp. 2001. Age and growth of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, from an artificial reef area off Alabama in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Fishery Bulletin 99:617-627. 2001 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Kimmig, B., W. Werner, and T. Aigner. 2001. Highly pure limestone in the Upper Jurassic of the Swabian Jura: Composition, distribution, applications [Hochreine Kalksteine im Oberjura der Schwabischen Alb - Zusammensetzung, Verbreitung, Einsatzmoglichkeiten]. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Geologie 47:101-108. 2001 Germany GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sponges
Naughton, J. and P. L. Jokiel. 2001. Coral reef mitigation and restoration techniques employed in the Pacific Islands: I. Overview. Pages 306-312 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mitigation
Eno, N. C., D. S. MacDonald, J. A. M. Kinnear, S. C. Amos, C. J. Chapman, R. A. Clark, F. S. P. D. Bunker, and C. Munro. 2001. Effects of crustacean traps on benthic fauna. ICES Journal of Marine Science 58:20-Nov. 2001 England; Britain Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octocoral; Substrate
Lucey, P., T. J. Williams, J. L. Hinrichs, M. Winter, D. Steutel, and E. Winter. 2001. Three years of operation of AHI: The University of Hawaii's airborne hyperspectral imager. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4369:112-120. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Ditching & Soil Disturbance
Upadhyay, R. 2001. Middle Cretaceous carbonate build-ups and volcanic seamount in the Shyok suture, Northern Ladakh, India. Current Science 81:695-699. 2001 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Caribbean Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Rubec, P. J., F. Cruz, V. Pratt, R. Oellers, B. McCullough, and F. Lallo. 2001. Cyanide-free net-caught fish for the marine aquarium trade. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:37-51. 2001 Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Rubec, P. J., V. R. Pratt, and F. Cruz. 2001. Territorial use rights in fisheries to manage areas for farming coral reef fish and invertebrates for the aquarium trade. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:119-134. 2001 Southeast Asia; Philippines Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
St John, J., G. R. Russ, I. W. Brown, and L. C. Squire. 2001. The diet of the large coral reef serranid Plectropomus leopardus in two fishing zones on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fishery Bulletin 99:180-192. 2001 Australia Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bleck, M. and H. Oumeraci. 2001. Wave damping and spectral evolution at artificial reefs. Pages 1062-1071 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis. 2001 Model Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection
Jackson, J. B. C. 2001. What was natural in the coastal oceans? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98:5411-5418. 2001 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sponges
Catterall, C. P., I. R. Poiner, and C. J. O'Brien. 2001. Long-term population dynamics of a coral reef gastropod and responses to disturbance. Austral Ecology 26:604-617. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Molluscs; Sediment
Stimson, J., S. T. Larned, and E. Conklin. 2001. Effects of herbivory, nutrient levels, and introduced algae on the distribution and abundance of the invasive macroalga Dictyosphaeria cavernosa in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 19:343-357. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Discharges; Fish; Invasive Species; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish
McClanahan, T. R. and S. Mangi. 2001. The effect of a closed area and beach seine exclusion on coral reef fish catches. Fisheries Management and Ecology 8:107-121. 2001 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Pet-Soede, C., W. L. T. Van Densen, J. S. Pet, and M. A. M. Machiels. 2001. Impact of Indonesian coral reef fisheries on fish community structure and the resultant catch composition. Fisheries Research 51:35-51. 2001 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Brodie, J., C. Christie, M. Devlin, D. Haynes, S. Morris, M. Ramsay, J. Waterhouse, and H. Yorkston. 2001. Catchment management and the Great Barrier Reef. Water Science and Technology 43:203-211. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Angiolini, L., M. Gaetani, G. Olivini, and A. Zanchi. 2001. Geology and stratigraphy of the carboniferous of Western-Central Karakoram. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 19:3-Feb. 2001 GIS & Maps Sediment
Wilson, J., C. W. Osenberg, C. M. St. Mary, C. A. Watson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2001. Artificial reefs, the attraction-production issue, and density dependence in marine ornamental fishes. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:95-105. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Fish
Wood, E. 2001. Global advances in conservation and management of marine ornamental resources. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:65-77. 2001 Global Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Urbonas, B. and Doerfer, J. 2001. �Testing of an Underground Stormwater Treatment Vault in Denver, Colorado, USA�, Innovative Technologies in Urban Drainage, Proceedings 4th International Conference � Novatech 2001, Lyon, France. 2001 France Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gorfine, H. K. and C. D. Dixon. 2001. Diver behaviour and its influence on assessments of a quota-managed abalone fishery. Journal of Shellfish Research 20:787-794. 2001 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting
Gorfine, H. K., B. L. Taylor, and T. I. Walker. 2001. Triggers and targets: What are we aiming for with abalone fisheries models in Australia? Journal of Shellfish Research 20:803-811. 2001 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Eggleston, D. B. and C. P. Dahlgren. 2001. Distribution and abundance of Caribbean spiny lobsters in the Key West National Wildlife Refuge: Relationship to habitat features and impact of an intensive recreational fishery. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:1567-1576. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Howe, J. C. 2001. Diet composition of Juvenile pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera (Perciformes: Haemulidae), from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 19:55-60. 2001 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Octopus & Squid
West, T, Sutherland, J., Bloomfield, J., Lake, D. 2001. Final Report, A Study of the Effectiveness of a Vortechs Stormwater Treatment System of Removal of Total Suspended Solids and Other Pollutants in the Marine Village Watershed, Village of Lake George, New York. 2001 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Domroes, M. 2001. Conceptualising state-controlled resort islands for an environment-friendly development of tourism: The Maldivian experience. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 22:122-137. 2001 Maldives Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Li, Q. X., A. E. Karu, K. Li, and S. Thomas. 2001. Refinement of Immunochemical Methods for Environmental Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Pages 379-396 in ACS Symposium Series. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator CO2; Remediation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mylroie, J. E., J. W. Jenson, D. Taborosi, J. M. U. Jocson, D. T. Vann, and C. Wexel. 2001. Karst features of Guam in terms of a general model of carbonate island karst. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 63:22-Sep. 2001 Guam Field Study & Monitoring; Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Jordan, I. E. and M. J. Samways. 2001. Recent changes in coral assemblages of a South African coral reef, with recommendations for long-term monitoring. Biodiversity and Conservation 10:1027-1037. 2001 Global; Cuba; South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Octocoral; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Stony Coral
Peckmann, J., E. Gischler, W. Oschmann, and J. Reitner. 2001. An Early Carboniferous seep community and hydrocarbon-derived carbonates from the Harz Mountains, Germany. Geology 29:271-274. 2001 Germany Bivalves; Microorganisms
Sipia, V. O., H. T. Kankaanpaa, J. Flinkman, K. Lahti, and J. A. O. Meriluoto. 2001. Time-dependent accumulation of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins in flounders (Platichthys flesus) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Northern Baltic Sea. Environmental Toxicology 16:330-336. 2001 Artificial Habitat; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms
Yi, S. K., H. T. Huh, J.-G. Je, and D. G. Kim. 2001. Development of Benthic Community on an Artificial Reef Complex, Jeju Island, Korea. Ocean and Polar Research 23:255-264. 2001 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Elliott, G., B. Mitchell, B. Wiltshire, I. A. Manan, and S. Wismer. 2001. Community participation in marine protected area management Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coastal Management 29:295-316. 2001 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Done, T. J. 2001. Useful science for coral reef management: The cooperative research centre model. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:309-315. 2001 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Ballast Discharge; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Seastars; Special Use Permitting; Wastewater Discharge
Halim, A. 2001. Grouper culture: An option for grouper management in Indonesia. Coastal Management 29:319-326. 2001 Indonesia Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Live Collection; Piscivorous Fish
Williams, I. D., N. V. C. Polunin, and V. J. Hendrick. 2001. Limits to grazing by herbivorous fishes and the impact of low coral cover on macroalgal abundance on a coral reef in Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 222:187-196. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Koslow, J. A., K. Gowlett-Holmes, J. K. Lowry, T. O'Hara, G. C. B. Poore, and A. Williams. 2001. Seamount benthic macrofauna off southern Tasmania: Community structure and impacts of trawling. Marine Ecology Progress Series 213:111-125. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Sponges; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rogers, C. S. and V. H. Garrison. 2001. Ten years after the crime: Lasting effects of damage from a cruise ship anchor on a coral reef in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:793-803. 2001 US Virgin Islands Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cruise Ships; Sediment; Stony Coral
McClanahan, T. R., M. McField, M. Huitric, K. Bergman, E. Sala, M. Nystrom, I. Nordemar, T. Elfwing, and N. A. Muthiga. 2001. Responses of algae, corals and fish to the reduction of macroalgae in fished and unfished patch reefs of Glovers Reef Atoll, Belize. Coral Reefs 19:367-379. 2001 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. Muthiga, and S. Mangi. 2001. Coral and algal changes after the 1998 coral bleaching: Interaction with reef management and herbivores on Kenyan reefs. Coral Reefs 19:380-391. 2001 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Nonpoint Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Katz, M. E., B. S. Cramer, G. S. Mountain, S. Katz, and K. G. Miller. 2001. Uncorking the bottle: What triggered the Paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum metahane release? Paleoceanography 16:549-562. 2001 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Sediment
McCook, L. J. 2001. Competition between corals and algal turfs along a gradient of terrestrial influence in the nearshore central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 19:419-425. 2001 Australia Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Spadoni, R. H. and C. J. Kruempel. 2001. Florida keys national marine sanctuary Looe key coral reef restoration project of 1999. Pages 302-305 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Krautter, M., K. W. Conway, J. V. Barrie, and M. Neuweiler. 2001. Discovery of a \living dinousaur\": Globally unique modern hexactinellid sponge reefs off British Coloumbia, Canada". Facies 265-282. 2001 Global; Columbia Fish; Invertebrates; Sediment; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mahon, R. and W. Hunte. 2001. Trap mesh selectivity and the management of reef fishes. Fish and Fisheries 2:356-375. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Rogers, C. S. and J. Beets. 2001. Degradation of marine ecosystems and decline of fishery resources in marine protected areas in the US Virgin Islands. Environmental Conservation 28:312-322. 2001 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Review Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Noad, J. 2001. The Gomantong Limestone of eastern Borneo: A sedimentological comparison with the near-contemporaneous Luconia Province. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:273-302. 2001 Oman Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Sediment
Hu, M., Z. Wen, C. Xiao, W. Gong, S. Zhang, and Z. Yao. 2001. Depositional system and potential of hydrocarbon generation of upper Jurassic Suowa formation in Qiangtang basin. Jianghan Shiyou Xueyuan Xuebao/Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute 23:8-May. 2001 Sediment
Sedberry, G. R., J. C. McGovern, and O. Pashuk. 2001. The Charleston Bump: An island of essential fish habitat in the Gulf Stream. Pages 24-Mar in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Briones-Fourzan, P. and E. Lozano-Alvarez. 2001. Effects of artificial shelters (Casitas) on the abundance and biomass of juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in a habitat-limited tropical reef lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 221:221-232. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Ryland, J. S. 2001. Convergent colonial organization and reproductive function in two bryozoan species epizoic on gastropod shells. Journal of Natural History 35:1085-1101. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); South Africa Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Snails & Conch
[No author name available]. 2001. Woven technical backings covered with polymers, meant for coast marine activities [Suporturi tehnice ţesute acoperite cu polimeri pentru activitǎţi marine costiere]. Industria Textila 52:222-223. 2001 Artificial Habitat
Storch, P. 2001. Graptolites, stratigraphy and depositional setting of the middle llandovery (silurian) volcanic-carbonate facies of hýskov (barrandian area, Czech Republic). Vestnik Ceskeho Geologickeho Ustavu 76:55-73. 2001 Europe Echinoderms
Tseng, C.-T., S.-C. Chen, C.-S. Huang, and C.-C. Liu. 2001. GIS-assisted site selection for artificial reefs. Fisheries Science 67:1015-1022. 2001 Taiwan GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Water Depth & Sea Level
Xu, G., S. Gong, Y. Wang, and W. Yuan. 2001. Quantitative biostratigraphy and species evolutionary sequence. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 44:587-599. 2001
Connell, S. D. 2001. Urban structures as marine habitats: An experimental comparison of the composition and abundance of subtidal epibiota among pilings, pontoons and rocky reefs. Marine Environmental Research 52:115-125. 2001 Australia Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas
Ginsburg, R. N., E. Gischler, and W. E. Kiene. 2001. Partial mortality of massive reef-building corals: An index of patch reef condition, Florida Reef Tract. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:1149-1173. 2001 Florida Index or Indicator Boating Activities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Jackson, J. B. C., M. X. Kirby, W. H. Berger, K. A. Bjorndal, L. W. Botsford, B. J. Bourque, R. H. Bradbury, R. Cooke, J. Erlandson, J. A. Estes, T. P. Hughes, S. Kidwell, C. B. Lange, H. S. Lenihan, J. M.Pandolfi, C. H. Peterson, R. S. Steneck, M. J. Tegner, and R. R. Warner. 2001. Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293:629-637. 2001 Climate; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens
Williams, I. D. and N. V. C. Polunin. 2001. Large-scale associations between macroalgal cover and grazer biomass on mid-depth reefs in the Caribbean. Coral Reefs 19:358-366. 2001 South & Central America; Cuba; Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Uthicke, S. and J. A. H. Benzie. 2001. Effect of beche-de-mer fishing on densities and size structure of Holothuria nobilis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) populations on the great barrier reef. Coral Reefs 19:271-276. 2001 Australia Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Bett, B. J. 2001. UK atlantic margin environmental survey: Introduction and overview of bathyal benthic ecology. Continental Shelf Research 21:917-956. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Industry; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Paulay, G. and A. Kerr. 2001. Patterns of coral reef development on Tarawa Atoll (Kiribati). Bulletin of Marine Science 69:1191-1207. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral
Glasby, T. M. 2001. Development of sessile marine assemblages on fixed versus moving substrata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 215:37-47. 2001 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Marine Worms; Seawater Flow; Sponges
Glasby, T. M. and S. D. Connell. 2001. Orientation and position of substrata have large effects on epibiotic assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214:127-135. 2001 Model Algae; Artificial Habitat; Marine Worms; Seagrasses
Insalaco, E. 2001. Reservoir characterisation of late Jurassic reefal carbonates: An overview. Geologie Mediterraneenne 28:93-97. 2001 Middle East; Europe Model Sediment
Pedersen, M. and P. Snoeijs. 2001. Patterns of macroalgal diversity, community composition and long-term changes along the swedish west coast. Hydrobiologia 459:83-102. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Willis, T. J., D. M. Parsons, and R. C. Babcock. 2001. Evidence for long-term site fidelity of snapper (Pagrus auratus) within a marine reserve. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 35:581-590. 2001 Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Miller, M. W. and J. Barimo. 2001. Assessment of juvenile coral populations at two reef restoration sites in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Indicators of success? Bulletin of Marine Science 69:395-405. 2001 Florida Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Obura, D. O. 2001. Participatory monitoring of shallow tropical marine fisheries by artisanal fishers in Diani, Kenya. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:777-791. 2001 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Shepherd, S. A. and K. R. Rodda. 2001. Sustainability demands vigilance: Evidence for serial decline of the greenlip abalone fishery and a review of management. Journal of Shellfish Research 20:829-841. 2001 Australia Review; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Tricklebank, K. A. 2001. Histological alterations in fish from Sydney reefs: Possible biomarkers for environmental effects? Biomarkers 6:26-32. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Fursich, F. T., R. Berndt, T. Scheuer, and M. Gahr. 2001. Comparative ecological analysis of Toarcian (Lower Jurassic)benthic faunas from southern France and east-central Spain. Lethaia 34:169-202. 2001 Spain; France Bivalves; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Guichard, F., E. Bourget, and J.-L. Robert. 2001. Scaling the influence of topographic heterogeneity on intertidal benthic communities: Alternate trajectories mediated by hydrodynamics and shading. Marine Ecology Progress Series 217:27-41. 2001 Model; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fry, G. C., D. A. Milton, and T. J. Wassenberg. 2001. The reproductive biology and diet of sea snake bycatch of prawn trawling in Northern Australia: Characteristics important for assessing the impacts on populations. Pacific Conservation Biology 7:55-73. 2001 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Andrefouet, S., F. E. Muller-Karger, E. J. Hochberg, C. Hu, and K. L. Carder. 2001. Change detection in shallow coral reef environments using Landsat 7 ETM+ data. Remote Sensing of Environment 78:150-162. 2001 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Algae; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
MacDonald, L. H., R. W. Sampson, and D. M. Anderson. 2001. Runoff and road erosion at the plot and road segment scales, St John, US Virgin Islands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26:251-272. 2001 US Virgin Islands Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Transportation Policies
Kendall, M. S., M. E. Monaco, K. R. Buja, J. D. Christensen, C.R. Kruer, M. Finkbeiner, and R. A. Warner. 2001. Methods Used to Map the Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2001 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean GIS & Maps Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Thacker, R. W., D. W. Ginsburg, and V. J. Paul. 2001. Effects of herbivore exclusion and nutrient enrichment on coral reef macroalgae and cyanobacteria. Coral Reefs 19:318-329. 2001 Algae; Cyanobacteria; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens
Connelly, D. P., J. W. Readman, A. H. Knaps, and J. Davies. 2001. Contamination of the coastal waters of Bermuda by organotins and the triazine herbicide Irgarol 1051. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:409-414. 2001 Bermuda Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Freitas, C. E. C. and M. Petrere Jr. 2001. Influence of artificial reefs on fish assemblage of the Barra Bonita Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil). Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management 6:273-278. 2001 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Glynn, P. W. and J. S. Ault. 2000. A biogeographic analysis and review of the far eastern Pacific coral reef region. Coral Reefs 19:23-Jan. 2000 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica; Mexico Review Discharges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rutzler, K., M. C. Diaz, R. W. M. Van Soest, S. Zea, K. P. Smith, B. Alvarez, and J. Wulff. 2000. Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 231-248. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Boating Activities; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R., K. Bergman, M. Huitric, M. McField, T. Elfwing, M. Nystrom, and I. Nordemar. 2000. Response of fishes to algae reduction on glovers reef, Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 206:273-282. 2000 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Cesar, H. S. J., editor. 2000. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Jamaica; India; Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Marine Protected Areas; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Stejskal, I. V. 2000. Obtaining Approvals for Oil and Gas Projects in Shallow Water Marine Areas in Western Australia using an Environmental Risk Assessment Framework. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 6:69-76. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Spanier, E. 2000. Changes in the ichthyofauna of an artificial reef in the southeastern Mediterranean in one decade. Scientia Marina 64:279-284. 2000 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Fritz, D. A., T. W. Belsher, J. M. Medlin, J. L. Stubbs, R. P. Wright, and P. M. Harris. 2000. New exploration concepts for the Edwards and Sligo margins, Cretaceous of onshore Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 84:905-922. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring
Paul, J. H., M. R. McLaughlin, D. W. Griffin, E. K. Lipp, R. Stokes, and J. B. Rose. 2000. Rapid movement of wastewater from on-site disposal systems into surface waters in the Lower Florida Keys. Estuaries 23:662-668. 2000 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Ports & Harbors; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Wilks, J. and R. J. Davis. 2000. Risk management for scuba diving operators on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Tourism Management 21:591-599. 2000 Australia; Cuba Review Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Diaz, J. M., G. Diaz-Pulido, and J. A. Sanchez. 2000. Distribution and structure of the southernmost Caribbean coral reefs: Golfo de Uraba, Colombia. Scientia Marina 64:327-336. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Discharges; Hydrocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2000. Apache jacket reefed. Gulf of Mexico Newsletter 15:4. 2000 Artificial Habitat
Simo, J. A. and P. J. Lehmann. 2000. Diagenetic history of Pipe Creek Jr. Reef, Silurian, North-Central Indiana, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 70:937-951. 2000 India Sediment
Chesney, E. J., D. M. Baltz, and R. G. Thomas. 2000. Louisiana estuarine and coastal fisheries and habitats: Perspectives from a fish's eye view. Ecological Applications 10:350-366. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Schrope, M. 2000. Aquarium group fights 'cyanide fishing'... Nature 408:9-Aug. 2000 Finfish Harvest
Weiss, D., W. Shotyk, and O. Kempf. 2000. Archives of atmospheric lead pollution. Environmental Pollution 107:262-275. 2000 Atmospheric Emissions; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Sediment
Trexler, J. C. and J. Travis. 2000. Can marine protected areas restore and conserve stock attributes of reef fishes? Bulletin of Marine Science 66:853-873. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton
Edgar, G. J. and N. S. Barrett. 2000. Impact of the Iron Baron oil spill on subtidal reef assemblages in Tasmania. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:36-49. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Invertebrates; Petroleum Spills
Wantiez, L. and P. Thollot. 2000. Settlement, post-settlement mortality and growth of the damselfish Chromis fumea (Pisces: Pomacentridae) on two artificial reefs in New Caledonia (south-west Pacific ocean). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80:1111-1118. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Model Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Negri, A. P. and A. J. Heyward. 2000. Inhibition of fertilization and larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) by petroleum products. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:420-427. 2000 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Calder, D. R. 2000. Assemblages of hydroids (Cnidaria) from three seamounts near Bermuda in the western North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 47:1125-1139. 2000 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Bermuda Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Invertebrates
Bishop, G. A. and A. B. Williams. 2000. Fossil crabs from Tepee Buttes, submarine seeps of the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale, South Dakota and Colorado, U.S.A. Journal of Crustacean Biology 20:286-300. 2000 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Astakhova, N. V. and A. V. Sorochinskaya. 2000. Authigenic carbonates of the upper Pleistocene-Holocene deposits in the Northwest Pacific Marginal Seas. Geology of the Pacific Ocean 16:65-78. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; China Sediment
Wei, G., M. Sun, X. Li, and B. Nie. 2000. Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and U/Ca ratios of a porites coral from Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, South China Sea and their relationships to sea surface temperature. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162:59-74. 2000 China Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Clauss, G. F. and R. Habel. 2000. Artificial reefs for coastal protection - Transient viscous computation and experimental evaluation. Pages 1799-1812 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. 2000 Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hoitink, A. J. F. 2000. Three dimensional velocity structure and suspended sediments at coral reefs in Teluk Banten, Indonesia. Pages 3345-3358 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. 2000 Java; Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Coastal Engineering; Finfish Harvest; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Turner, I. L., V. M. Leyden, G. Symonds, J. Mcgrath, A. Jackson, T. Janear, S. Aarninkhof, and I. Elshoff. 2000. Predicted and observed coastline changes at the Gold Coast artificial reef. Pages 1836-1847 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. 2000 Model Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering
Sumi, H. and A. Wada. 2000. Research on providing habitable environment for bivalves by use of artificial reefs. Mer 38:25-Nov. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Shoreline Protection
Gobert, B. 2000. Comparative assessment of multispecies reef fish resources in the Lesser Antilles. Fisheries Research 44:247-260. 2000 Antilles; Martinique Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Robichaud, D., W. Hunte, and M. R. Chapman. 2000. Factors affecting the catchability of reef fishes in Antillean fish traps. Bulletin of Marine Science 67:831-844. 2000 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Haynes, D. and J. E. Johnson. 2000. Organochlorine, heavy metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:267-278. 2000 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Stanley, D. R. and C. A. Wilson. 2000. Variation in the density and species composition of fishes associated with three petroleum platforms using dual beam hydroacoustics. Fisheries Research 47:161-172. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Haynes, D. and K. Michalek-Wagner. 2000. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Past perspectives, current issues and new research directions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:428-434. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics
Haynes, D., J. Muller, and S. Carter. 2000. Pesticide and herbicide residues in sediments and seagrasses from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area and Queensland Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:279-287. 2000 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Seagrasses; Sediment
Goldsworthy, S. D., R. P. Gales, M. Giese, and N. Brothers. 2000. Effects of the Iron Baron oil spill on little penguins (Eudyptula minor). I. Estimates of mortality. Wildlife Research 27:559-571. 2000 Australia Petroleum Spills; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Okamoto, MI NE O, SU SU MU Morita, and TA KA O Sato. 2000. Fundamental study to estimate fish biomass around coral reef using 3-dimensional underwater video system. Pages 1389-1392 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2000 Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing
Day, E. and G. M. Branch. 2000. Evidence for a positive relationship between juvenile abalone Haliotis midae and the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus in the South-Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 145-156. 2000 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins
Esler, D., T. D. Bowman, T. A. Dean, C. E. O'Clair, S. C. Jewett, and L. L. McDonald. 2000. Correlates of Harlequin Duck densities during winter in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Condor 102:920-926. 2000 Petroleum Spills; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chan, T.T.C. and Y. Sadovy. 2000. Profile of the marine aquarium fish trade in Hong Kong. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 2:197-213. 2000 Global Review Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Designate Protected Species; Invertivorous Fish; Live Collection; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Yasumoto, M., K. Mada, T. Ooi, and T. Kusumi. 2000. New terpenoid components from the volatile oils of the soft corals Clavularia viridis and Sarcophyton acutangulum. Journal of Natural Products 63:1534-1536. 2000 Octocoral
Cesar, H. S. J. 2000. Coral reefs: their functions, threats and economic value. Pages 14-39 in Cesar, H. S. J., editor. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Sweden. 2000 Global Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Valuation
Crowder, L. B., S. J. Lyman, W. F. Figueira, and J. Priddy. 2000. Source-sink population dynamics and the problem of siting marine reserves. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:799-820. 2000 Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Jeng, W.-L., C.-F. Dai, and K.-L. Fan. 2000. Taiwan Strait. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 499-512. 2000 China; Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Labrosse, P., R. Fichez, R. Farman, and T. Adams. 2000. New Caledonia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 723-736. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Europe; France Agriculture; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Maragos, J. E. 2000. Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 791-812. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Pathogens; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Myers, M. and M. Whittington. 2000. Mozambique. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 99-112. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Madagascar; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Oakley, S., N. Pilcher, and E. Wood. 2000. Borneo. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 361-379. 2000 Global; Malaysia; Indonesia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Forestry; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Whales & Dolphins
O'Hara, T. D. 2000. Victoria province, Australia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 661-671. 2000 Australia; Europe Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands
Price, A. R. G. and J. E. Maragos. 2000. The Marshall Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 773-789. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Micronesia; Marshall Islands Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Military; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Quod, J.-P., O. Naim, and F. Abdourazi. 2000. The Comoros archipelago. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 243-252. 2000 Global; Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Comoros; Mayotte; India Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment
Schleyer, M. H. and B. J. Tomalin. 2000. Damage on South African coral reefs and an assessment of their sustainable diving capacity using a fisheries approach. Bulletin of Marine Science 67:1025-1042. 2000 South Africa Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Newman, S. J., M. Cappo, and D. MC B. Williams. 2000. Age, growth, mortality rates and corresponding yield estimates using otoliths of the tropical red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus, L. malabaricus and L. sebae, from the central Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research 48:14-Jan. 2000 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Cervi, G. A. 2000. War wrecks and the environment: Who's responsible for the legacy of war? A case study: Solomon Islands and the United States. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 14:351-399. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Solomon Islands Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Connell, S. D. 2000. Floating pontoons create novel habitats for subtidal epibiota. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 247:183-194. 2000 Australia Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas
Nystrom, M., C. Folke, and F. Moberg. 2000. Coral reef disturbance and resilience in a human-dominated environment. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:413-417. 2000 Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Kumaraguru, A. K. 2000. Coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar and the conservation strategies required. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 6:12-Jan. 2000 India Coastal Development; Tourism & Recreation
Richardson, B. J., P. K. S. Lam, and R. S. S. Wu. 2000. Hong Kong. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 535-547. 2000 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 221-232. 2000 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Military; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Gribble, G. W. 2000. The natural production of organobromine compounds. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 7:37-49. 2000 Algae; Microorganisms; Sponges; Tunicates
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Red Sea. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 35-45. 2000 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies
Turner, J., C. Jago, D. Daby, and R. Klaus. 2000. The Mascarene Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 253-268. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Reunion; India Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Vuki, V. C., S. Appana, M. R. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. Vanuatu. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 737-749. 2000 Vanuatu Review; Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies
Vuki, V. C., L. P. Zann, M. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. The Fiji Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 751-764. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Corallivorous Fish; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Wilson, S. C. 2000. Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 17-33. 2000 India; United Arab Emirates; Iran; Oman Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Hill, C. A. 2000. Overview of the geologic history of cave development in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 62:60-71. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Sponges
Roseth, R. 2000. Shell sand: A new filter medium for constructed wetlands and wastewater treatment. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering 35:1335-1355. 2000 Norway Sewage Treatment; Snails & Conch; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Charlier, R. H. and C. P. De Meyer. 2000. Ask nature to protect and build-up beaches. Journal of Coastal Research 16:385-390. 2000 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hotel & Food Services; Storms & Hurricanes
De Forges, B. R., J. A. Koslow, and G. C. B. Pooro. 2000. Diversity and endemism of the benthic seamount fauna in the southwest Pacific. Nature 405:944-947. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Finfish Harvest
Rajasuriya, A. and A. Premaratne. 2000. Sri Lanka. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 175-187. 2000 Indian Ocean; Cuba; Sri Lanka; India Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Wilson, S. C. and R. Klaus. 2000. The Gulf of Aden. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 47-61. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; India; Djibouti Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Zann, L. P. 2000. Northeastern Australia: The Great Barrier Reef region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 611-628. 2000 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Smith, I. P., K. J. Collins, and A. C. Jensen. 2000. Digital electromagnetic telemetry system for studying behaviour of decapod crustaceans. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 247:209-222. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Whitney, C. D. 2000. Toppled platform in-place creates reef in US gulf. Oil and Gas Journal 98:53-59. 2000 Model Artificial Habitat
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Australian Region: An overview. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 579-592. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Sediment
Zann, L. P. and V. Vuki. 2000. The South Western Pacific Islands region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 705-722. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa; American Samoa Model Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Sediment; Wetlands
Pichler, T., J. M. Heikoop, M. J. Risk, J. Veizer, and I. L. Campbell. 2000. Hydrothermal effects on isotope and trace element records in modern Reef Corals: A study of porites lobata from Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea. Palaios 15:225-234. 2000 Papua New Guinea CO2; Discharges; Stony Coral
Frouin, P. 2000. Effects of anthropogenic disturbances of tropical soft-bottom benthic communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194:39-53. 2000 Marine Worms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Wolanski, E. and S. Spagnol. 2000. Pollution by mud of Great Barrier Reef coastal waters. Journal of Coastal Research 16:1151-1156. 2000 Florida; Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sheehy Daniel, J. 2000. Developing methods for assessing contaminant bioavailability on a coral atoll. Pages 509-515 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2000 Marshall Islands Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Fish; Military; Ports & Harbors
Falter, J. L. and F. J. Sansone. 2000. Hydraulic control of pore water geochemistry within the oxic-suboxic zone of a permeable sediment. Limnology and Oceanography 45:550-557. 2000 Index or Indicator Sediment
Lam, K. K. Y. 2000. Early growth of a pioneer recruited coral Oulastrea crispata (Scleractinia, Faviidae) on PFA-concrete blocks in a marine park in Hong Kong, China. Marine Ecology Progress Series 205:113-121. 2000 China Artificial Habitat; Stony Coral
Lam, K. K. Y. 2000. Sexual reproduction of a low-temperature tolerant coral Oulastrea crispata (Scleractinia, Faviidae) in Hong Kong, China. Marine Ecology Progress Series 205:101-111. 2000 China Artificial Habitat; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Munoz-Perez, J. J., J. M. Gutierrez Mas, J. M. Naranjo, E. Torres, and L. Fages. 2000. Position and monitoring of anti-trawling reefs in the Cape of Trafalgar (Gulf of Cadiz, SW Spain). Bulletin of Marine Science 67:761-772. 2000 Spain Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Tong, L., Q. Tang, and D. Pauly. 2000. A preliminary approach on mass-balance ecopath model of the Bohai Sea. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 11:435-440. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Pinnegar, J. K., N. V. C. Polunin, P. Francour, F. Badalamenti, R. Chemello, M.-L. Harmelin-Vivien, B. Hereu, M. Milazzo, M. Zabala, G. D'Anna, and C. Pipitone. 2000. Trophic cascades in benthic marine ecosystems: Lessons for fisheries and protected-area management. Environmental Conservation 27:179-200. 2000 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India; Caribbean Review Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
Neil, D. T. 2000. Characteristics and significance of a sub-tropical 'Low Wooded Island': Green Island, Moreton Bay, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 16:287-294. 2000 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves
Baticados, D. B. and R. F. Agbayani. 2000. Co-management in marine fisheries in Malalison Island, central Philippines. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 7:343-355. 2000 Southeast Asia; Philippines Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Anthony, N. R., B. F. Ronalds, and E. Fakas. 2000. Platform Decommissioning Trends. Pages 747-754 in SPE - Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference. 2000 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Infrastructure
Miao, X.-S., C. Swenson, L. A. Woodward, and Q. X. Li. 2000. Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in marine species from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean. Science of the Total Environment 257:17-28. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Costanzo, S. D., M. J. O'Donohue, and W. C. Dennison. 2000. Gracilaria edulis (Rhodophyta) as a biological indicator of pulsed nutrients in oligotrophic waters. Journal of Phycology 36:680-685. 2000 Australia; Cuba Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Discharges; Nutrients
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
LeDrew Ellsworth, F., MI KE Wulder, and HE AT HE R Holden. 2000. Change detection of satellite imagery for reconnaissance of stressed tropical corals. Pages 2678-2680 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2000 Fiji Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining Policies; Shoreline Armoring; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Labrosse, P., Y. Letourneur, M. Kulbicki, J. R. Paddon. 2000. Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons: 3 - fishing pressure, potential yields and impact on management options. Aquatic Living Resource 13:91-98. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Letourneur, Y., M. Kulbicki, and P. Labrosse. 2000. Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons: 1 - Structure and stocks of coral reef fish communities. Aquatic Living Resource 13:65-76. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Martin, C. E., B. Peucker-Ehrenbrink, G. J. Brunskill, and R. Szymczak. 2000. Sources and sinks of unradiogenic osmium runoff from Papua New Guinea. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 183:261-274. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sabti, H., M. M. Hossain, R. R. Brooks, and R. B. Stewart. 2000. The current environmental impact of base-metal mining at the Tui Mine, Te Aroha, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 30:197-207. 2000 Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Johnson, A. K. L. and S. P. Ebert. 2000. Quantifying inputs of pesticides to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - A case study in the Herbert River catchment of North-East Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:302-309. 2000 Australia Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gladstone, W. 2000. The ecological and social basis for management of a Red Sea marine-protected area. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:1015-1032. 2000 Saudi Arabia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Stevens, J. D., R. Bonfil, N. K. Dulvy, and P. A. Walker. 2000. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:476-494. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Venezuela; Pacific Ocean Review; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Hau'ofa, E. 2000. The ocean in us. Pages 32-43 in Pacific Policy Paper of the Australian National University, National Centre for Development Studies. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Finfish Harvest
Williams, I. D. and N. V. C. Polunin. 2000. Differences between protected and unprotected reefs of the western Caribbean in attributes preferred by dive tourists. Environmental Conservation 27:382-391. 2000 South & Central America; Cuba; Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean; France Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Hernandez-Delgado, E. A. and A. M. Sabat. 2000. Ecological status of essential fish habitats through an anthropogenic environmental stress gradient in Puerto Rican coral reefs. Pages 457-470 in Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Stony Coral
Lesser, M. P. 2000. Depth-dependent photoacclimatization to solar ultraviolet radiation in the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 192:137-151. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Hodgson, G. and J. A. Dixon. 2000. El Nido revisited: ecotourism, logging and fisheries. Pages 55-68 in H. S. J. Cesar, editor. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. 2000 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Tourism & Recreation
Tuya, F. C., M. L. Soboil, and J. Kido. 2000. An assessment of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:1218-1226. 2000 China Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas
Bulleri, F., M. Menconi, F. Cinelli, and L. Benedetti-Cecchi. 2000. Grazing by two species of limpets on artificial reefs in the northwest Mediterranean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 255:19-Jan. 2000 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Shoreline Protection
Matsuda, T. and M. Yamaguma. 2000. Tantalum dust deflagration in a bag filter dust-collecting device. Journal of Hazardous Materials 77:33-42. 2000 Discharges
Galzin, R. and M. Harmelin-Vivien. 2000. Ecology of coral reef fish [ecologie des poissons des recifs coralliens]. Oceanis 26:465-495. 2000 Review Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sediment
Lecaillon, G., V. Dufour, and P. Lenfant. 2000. Coral reef fisheries. Oceanis 26:543-569. 2000 Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Tourism & Recreation
Baker, J. 2000. The Eastern Bristlebird: Cover-dependent and fire-sensitive. Emu 100:286-298. 2000 Littering
Willis, T. J. and R. C. Babcock. 2000. A baited underwater video system for the determination of relative density of carnivorous reef fish. Marine and Freshwater Research 51:755-763. 2000 Cuba Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Koslow, J. A., G. W. Boehlert, J. D. M. Gordon, R. L. Haedrich, P. Lorance, and N. Parin. 2000. Continental slope and deep-sea fisheries: Implications for a fragile ecosystem. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:548-557. 2000 Global Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zeller, D. C. and G. R. Russ. 2000. Population estimates and size structure of Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Serranidae) in relation to no-fishing zones: Mark-release-resighting and underwater visual census. Marine and Freshwater Research 51:221-228. 2000 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Esslemont, G. 2000. Heavy metals in seawater, marine sediments and corals from the Townsville section, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland. Marine Chemistry 71:215-231. 2000 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Koenig, C. C., F. C. Coleman, C. B. Grimes, G. R. Fitzhugh, K. M. Scanlon, C. T. Gledhill, and M. Grace. 2000. Protection of fish spawning habitat for the conservation of warm-temperate reef-fish fisheries of shelf-edge reefs of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:593-616. 2000 Florida GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Coleman, F. C., C. C. Koenig, G. R. Huntsman, J. A. Musick, A. M. Eklund, J. C. McGovern, R. W. Chapman, G. R. Sedberry, and C. B. Grimes. 2000. Long-lived reef fishes: The grouper-snapper complex. Fisheries 25:14-21. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Hearty, P. J. and D. S. Kaufman. 2000. Whole-rock aminostratigraphy and Quaternary sea-level history of the Bahamas. Quaternary Research 54:163-173. 2000 Global; Bahamas
Best, M. M. R. and S. M. Kidwell. 2000. Bivalve taphonomy in tropical mixed siliciclastic-carbonate settings. I. Environmental variation in shell condition. Paleobiology 26:80-102. 2000 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Calcareous Macroalgae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Tricklebank, K. A. 2000. Effects of organochlorines on the ultrastructure of the liver of the damselfish Parma microlepis from reefs in New South Wales, Australia. Marine Biology 136:337-348. 2000 Australia Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rice, M. A., A. Valliere, and A. Caporelli. 2000. A review of shellfish restoration and management projects in Rhode Island. Journal of Shellfish Research 19:401-408. 2000 Review Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Petroleum Spills; Ports & Harbors; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pauly, D., V. Christensen, R. Froese, and M. L. Palomares. 2000. Fishing down aquatic food webs. American Scientist 88:46-51. 2000 Finfish Harvest; Whales & Dolphins
Hallock, P. 2000. Symbiont-bearing foraminifera: Harbingers of global change? Micropaleontology 46:95-104. 2000 Global CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Light; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mortensen, P. B., J. M. Roberts, and R. C. Sundt. 2000. Video-assisted grabbing: A minimally destructive method of sampling azooxanthellate coral banks. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80:365-366. 2000 Norway Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
House, M. R., V. V. Menner, R. T. Becker, G. Klapper, N. S. Ovnatanova, and V. Kuzmin. 2000. Reef episodes, anoxia and sea-level changes in the Frasnian of the southern Timan (NE Russian Platform). Geological Society Special Publication 147-176. 2000 Global; Australia; Oman; Europe
Hernandez-Delgado, E. A., L. Alicea-Rodriguez, C. G. Toledo, and A. M. Sabat. 2000. Baseline characterization of coral reefs and fish communities within the proposed Culebra Island Marine Fishery Reserve, Puerto Rico. Pages 537-555 in Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 2000 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Pitcher, T. J., R. Watson, N. Haggan, S. Guenette, R. Kennish, U. R. Sumaila, D. Cook, K. Wilson, and A. Leung. 2000. Marine reserves and the restoration of fisheries and marine ecosystems in the South China Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:543-566. 2000 China Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Thorburn, C. C. 2000. Changing customary marine resource management practice and institutions: The case of Sasi Lola in the Kei Islands, Indonesia. World Development 28:1461-1479. 2000 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Wilson, M. E. J., D. W. J. Bosence, and A. Limbong. 2000. Tertiary syntectonic carbonate platform development in Indonesia. Sedimentology 47:395-419. 2000 Indonesia Model; GIS & Maps Forestry; Sediment
Cooke, A. J., N. V. C. Polunin, and K. Moce. 2000. Comparative assessment of stakeholder management in traditional Fijian fishing-grounds. Environmental Conservation 27:291-299. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Souter, D. W. and O. Linden. 2000. The health and future of coral reef systems. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:657-688. 2000 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Sea Temperatures; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
McConnaughey, R. A., K. L. Mier, and C. B. Dew. 2000. An examination of chronic trawling effects on soft-bottom benthos of the eastern Bering Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:1377-1388. 2000 Anemones & Zooanthids; Bivalves; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octocoral; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
McManus, J. W., L. A. B. Menez, K. N. Kesner-Reyes, S. G. Vergara, and S. M. C. Ablan. 2000. Coral reef fishing and coral-algal phase shifts: Implications for global reef status. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:572-578. 2000 Global Remote Sensing Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Skeletal Coral
Moran, M. J. and P. C. Stephenson. 2000. Effects of otter trawling on macrobenthos and management of demersal scalefish fisheries on the continental shelf of north-western Australia. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:510-516. 2000 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Foale, S. and M. Macintyre. 2000. Dynamic and flexible aspects of land and marine tenure at West Nggela: Implications for marine resource management. Oceania 71:30-45. 2000 Model Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Resource Use Management
Comings, K.J., Booth, D.B., and R.R. Horner. 2000. Storm Water Pollutant Removal by Two Wet Ponds in Bellevue, Washington, April. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2000 Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Edinger, E. N., J. Kolasa, and M. J. Risk. 2000. Biogeographic variation in coral species diversity on coral reefs in three regions of Indonesia. Diversity and Distributions 6:113-127. 2000 Java; Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Stony Coral
Mumby, P. J. 2000. Remote sensing of tropical coastal resources: Progress and fresh challenges for the new millennium. Pages 283-291 Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 3. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Rilov, G. and Y. Benayahu. 2000. Fish assemblage on natural versus vertical artificial reefs: The rehabilitation perspective. Marine Biology 136:931-942. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Pitcher, C. R., I. R. Poiner, B. J. Hill, and C. Y. Burridge. 2000. Implications of the effects of trawling on sessile megazoobenthos on a tropical shelf in northeastern Australia. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:1359-1368. 2000 Australia Review; Model Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Riegl, B. and W. E. Piller. 2000. Mapping of benthic habitats in northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt): A tool for proactive management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10:127-140. 2000 Egypt GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Pattengill-Semmens, C., S. R. Gittings, and T. Shyka. 2000. Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary: a rapid assessment of coral, fish, and algae using the AGRRA protocol. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series MSD-00-3. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Sanctuaries Division, Silver Spring, MD. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Social Organizations
Wilkinson, C. R. 2000. World-wide coral reef bleaching and mortality during 1998: A global climate change warning for the new Millennium? Pages 43-57 Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 3. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Maldives; Japan; Palau; Caribbean Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Stony Coral
Nhan, D. D., N. X. Duc, D. H. Duong, N. T. Tiep, and B. C. Que. 2000. Vietnam and adjacent Bien Dong (South China Sea). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 561-568. 2000 China; Vietnam Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity
Peach, M. B. and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 1999. Sweeper polyps of the coral Goniopora tenuidens (Scleractinia: Poritidae). Invertebrate Biology 118:7-Jan. 1999 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Stony Coral
Calner, M. and E. Sall. 1999. Transgressive oolites onlapping a Silurian rocky shoreline unconformity, Gotland, Sweden. GFF 121:91-100. 1999
Van Treeck, P. and H. Schuhmacher. 1999. Artificial reefs created by electrolysis and coral transplantation: An approach ensuring the compatibility of environmental protection and diving tourism. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49:75-81. 1999 Cuba Model Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Charton, J. A. G. and A. P. Ruzafa. 1999. Ecological heterogeneity and the evaluation of the effects of marine reserves. Fisheries Research 42:20-Jan. 1999 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Lee Long, W. J., R. G. Coles, and L. J. McKenzie. 1999. Issues for seagrass conservation management in Queensland. Pacific Conservation Biology 5:321-328. 1999 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, T. Van't Hof, K. De Meyer, J. Tratalos, and C. Aldam. 1999. Effects of recreational scuba diving on Caribbean coral and fish communities. Conservation Biology 13:888-897. 1999 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Tegner, M. J. and P. K. Dayton. 1999. Ecosystem effects of fishing. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:261-262. 1999 Finfish Harvest
Mead, S. and K. Black. 1999. A multipurpose, artificial reef at Mount Maunganui Beach, New Zealand. Coastal Management 27:355-365. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Nansingh, P. and S. Jurawan. 1999. Environmental sensitivity of a tropical coastline (Trinidad, West Indies) to oil spills. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 5:161-172. 1999 South & Central America; Trinidad; Caribbean Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills
Feary, D., A. Hine, and M. Malone. 1999. Cool-water 'reefs', possible hydrogen sulphide/methane clathrates, and brine circulation - Preliminary results of Leg 182 drilling in the Great Australian Bight. JOIDES Journal 25:7-Apr. 1999 Australia Forestry; Sediment
Hodgson, G. 1999. A global assessment of human effects on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:345-355. 1999 Global Index or Indicator Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Tupper, M. and F. Juanes. 1999. Effects of a marine reserve on recruitment of grunts (Pisces: Haemulidae) at Barbados, West Indies. Environmental Biology of Fishes 55:53-63. 1999 Finfish Harvest; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mikhail, W. Z. A., S. A. K. Abo-Hegab, and M. S. A. Ammar. 1999. Distribution of reef-building corals at some locations of the Red Sea, Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East 17:109-119. 1999 Egypt Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Glasby, T. M. and S. D. Connell. 1999. Urban structures as marine habitats. Ambio 28:595-598. 1999 Docks & Marinas; Shoreline Armoring
Ochieng, C. A. and P. L. A. Erftemeijer. 1999. Accumulation of seagrass beach cast along the Kenyan coast: A quantitative assessment. Aquatic Botany 65:221-238. 1999 Kenya Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Fleshy Macroalgae; Littering; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Racey, A., J. G. S. Goodall, and D. G. Quirk. 1999. Palynological and geochemical analysis of carboniferous borehole and outcrop samples from the Isle of Man. Journal of Petroleum Geology 22:349-362. 1999 Algae; Sediment
Deudero, S., P. Merella, B. Morales-Nin, E. Massuti, and F. Alemany. 1999. Fish communities associated with FADs. Scientia Marina 63:199-207. 1999 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Al-Awadhi, F. M. A. 1999. The Year of the Ocean and its crucial importance to the Gulf. Desalination 123:127-133. 1999 Global Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Finfish Harvest; Littering; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waste Management Policies
Pichler, T., J. Veizer, and G. E. M. Hall. 1999. The chemical composition of shallow-water hydrothermal fluids in Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea and their effect on ambient seawater. Marine Chemistry 64:229-252. 1999 Papua New Guinea Model CO2; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Potoschi, A., O. Renones, and L. Cannizzaro. 1999. Sexual development, maturity and reproduction of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the western and central Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 63:367-372. 1999 Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Kiessling, W., E. Flugel, and J. Golonka. 1999. Paleoreef maps: Evaluation of a comprehensive database on Phanerozoic reefs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 83:1552-1587. 1999 GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Sediment
Wilson, A. D. 1999. Coral reefs: A diminishing resource. Sea Technology 40:15-Oct. 1999 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Tourism & Recreation
McClintock, J. B., B. J. Baker, T. K. Baumiller, and C. G. Messing. 1999. Lack of chemical defense in two species of stalked crinoids: Support for the predation hypothesis for mesozoic bathymetric restriction. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 232:7-Jan. 1999 Echinoderms; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lleonart, J., B. Morales-Nin, E. Massuti, S. Deudero, and O. Renones. 1999. Population dynamics and fishery of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the western Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 63:447-457. 1999 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Van Treeck, P. and H. Schuhmacher. 1999. Mass diving tourism - A new dimensional calls for new management approaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:499-504. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation
Snyder, R. 1999. What's happening offshore...Hazard database. World Oil 220:27. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Military; Pipelines
Glasby, T. M. 1999. Effects of shading on subtidal epibiotic assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 234:275-290. 1999 Australia Algae; Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Marine Worms; Sponges
Smith, I. P., K. J. Collins, and A. C. Jensen. 1999. Seasonal changes in the level and diel pattern of activity in the European lobster Homarus gammarus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 186:255-264. 1999 Europe; England Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Smith, A. K., P. A. Ajani, and D. E. Roberts. 1999. Spatial and temporal variation in fish assemblages exposed to sewage and implications for management. Marine Environmental Research 47:241-260. 1999 Australia Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Sea Urchins
Goatcher, B., D. Zwiefelhofer, R. Lanctot, S. Talbot, B. Pierson, D. Esler, and K. Scribner. 1999. Differentiation and Interchange of Harlequin Duck Populations Within the North Pacific. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Petroleum Spills
Lindeman, K. C. and D. B. Snyder. 1999. Nearshore hardbottom fishes of southeast Florida and effects of habitat burial caused by dredging. Fishery Bulletin 97:508-525. 1999 Florida Beaches & Nature Parks; Corallivorous Fish; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Haynes, J. M., T. W. Stewart, and G. E. Cook. 1999. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in southwestern Lake Ontario following invasion of Dreissena: Continuing change. Journal of Great Lakes Research 25:828-838. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Invertebrates
Chapman, M. R. and D. L. Kramer. 1999. Gradients in coral reef fish density and size across the Barbados Marine Reserve boundary: Effects of reserve protection and habitat characteristics. Marine Ecology Progress Series 181:81-96. 1999 Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Substrate
Milliman, J. D., K. L. Farnsworth, and C. S. Albertin. 1999. Flux and fate of fluvial sediments leaving large islands in the East Indies. Journal of Sea Research 41:97-107. 1999 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Java Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sierro, F. J., J. A. Flores, I. Zamarreno, A. Vazquez, R. Utrilla, G. Frances, F. J. Hilgen, and W. Krijgsman. 1999. Messinian pre-evaporite sapropels and precession-induced oscillations in western Mediterranean climate. Marine Geology 153:137-146. 1999 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sherman, R. L., D. S. Gilliam, and R. E. Spieler. 1999. A preliminary examination of depth associated spatial variation in fish assemblages on small artificial reefs. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 15:116-121. 1999 Florida; Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish
Jameson, S. C., M. S. A. Ammar, E. Saadalla, H. M. Mostafa, and B. Riegl. 1999. A coral damage index and its application to diving sites in the Egyptian Red Sea. Coral Reefs 18:333-339. 1999 Global; Egypt Index or Indicator Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Physical Damage; Skeletal Coral
Sanchez, J. A. 1999. Black coral-octocoral distribution patterns on imelda bank, a deep-water reef, Colombia, Caribbean sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 65:215-225. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Octocoral; Plankton; Stony Coral
Schleyer, M. H. 1999. A synthesis of KwaZulu-Natal coral research. Special Publication, 5. A synthesis of KwaZulu-Natal coral research. Special Publication, 5. 1999 Indian Ocean; India; South Africa Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Shennan, I. 1999. Global meltwater discharge and the deglacial sea-level record from northwest Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 14:715-719. 1999 Global Model Climate; Discharges
McClanahan, T. R., N. A. Muthiga, A. T. Kamukuru, H. Machano, and R. W. Kiambo. 1999. The effects of marine parks and fishing on coral reefs of northern Tanzania. Biological Conservation 89:161-182. 1999 Kenya; Tanzania Model Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Clark, S. and A. J. Edwards. 1999. An evaluation of artificial reef structures as tools for marine habitat rehabilitation in the Maldives. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9:21-May. 1999 Maldives Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish
Glenn, E. P., D. Moore, M. Akutagawa, A. Himler, T. Walsh, and S. G. Nelson. 1999. Correlation between Gracilaria parvispora (Rhodophyta) biomass production and water quality factors on a tropical reef in Hawaii. Aquaculture 178:323-331. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Salinity
Booth, A. J., S. L. Brouwer, and T. Hecht. 1999. Considerations on the feasibility of a directed fishery for panga Pterogymnus laniarius (Pisces: Sparidae). South African Journal of Marine Science 77-88. 1999 South Africa Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Mioche, D. and P. Cuet. 1999. Carbon, carbonate and nutrient fluxes in summer on a fringing reef subject to anthropogenic pressure (Reunion Island, Indian Ocean) [Metabolisme du carbone, des carbonates et des sels nutritifs en saison chaude, sur un recif frangeant soumis a une pressio. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de Sciences - Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes 329:53-59. 1999 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Discharges; Nutrients; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Prena, J., P. Schwinghamer, T. W. Rowell, D. C. Gordon Jr., K. D. Gilkinson, W. P. Vass, and D. L. McKeown. 1999. Experimental otter trawling on a sandy bottom ecosystem of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland: Analysis of trawl bycatch and effects on epifauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series 181:107-124. 1999 China Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Pickering, H., D. Whitmarsh, and A. Jensen. 1999. Artificial reefs as a tool to aid rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems: Investigating the potential. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:505-514. 1999 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Monetary Valuation
Pepperell, J. G. and T. L. O. Davis. 1999. Post-release behaviour of black marlin, Makaira indica, caught off the Great Barrier Reef with sportfishing gear. Marine Biology 135:369-380. 1999 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Recreational Fishing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Anderson, C. and M. Roche. 1999. Transporting the minerals industry into the next century: Environmental challenges at the Port of Townsville. Pages 252-268 in Mining into the next century : environmental opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 24th annual environmental workshop. Townsville, October 1999. 1999 Australia Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Leif, Bill. 1999. Compost Stormwater Filter Evaluation, Final Report. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hastings, A. and L. W. Botsford. 1999. Equivalence in yield from marine reserves and traditional fisheries management. Science 284:1537-1538. 1999 Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Shick, J. M., S. Romaine-Lioud, C. Ferrier-Pages, and J.-P. Gattuso. 1999. Ultraviolet-B radiation stimulates shikimate pathway-dependent accumulation of mycosporine-like amino acids in the coral Stylophora pistillata despite decreases in its population of symbiotic dinoflagellates. Limnology and Oceanography 44:1667-1682. 1999 Light; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use; Zooxanthellae
Day, J. G., E. E. Benson, and R. A. Fleck. 1999. In vitro culture and conservation of microalgae: Applications for aquaculture, biotechnology and environmental research. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant 35:127-136. 1999 Review; Index or Indicator Algae; Aquaculture; Biotechnology Research & Development; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms
Harper, D. M., M. Ebrahimnezhad, E. Taylor, S. Dickinson, O. Decamp, G. Verniers, and T. Balbi. 1999. A catchment-scale approach to the physical restoration of lowland UK rivers. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9:141-157. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Purdy, E. G. and D. Waltham. 1999. Reservoir implications of modern karst topography. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 83:1774-1794. 1999 Jamaica; China; Java Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Alam, H., D. W. Paterson, N. Syarifuddin, I. Busono, and S. G. Corbin. 1999. Reservoir potential of carbonate rocks in the Kutai Basin region, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17:203-214. 1999 Indonesia Review Algae; Water Depth & Sea Level
Li, Q. X., K. Li, S. Thomas, and H. Li. 1999. Application of immunochemical methods for the analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. in ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts. 1999 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Skov, C. and S. Berg. 1999. Utilization of natural and artificial habitats by YOY pike in a biomanipulated lake. Hydrobiologia 115-122. 1999 Oman Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest
Penney, A. J., J. B. Mann-Langer, R. P. Van Der Elst, and C. G. Wilke. 1999. Long-term trends in catch and effort in the KwaZulu-Natal nearshore linefisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science 51-76. 1999 Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Urbonas, B.R. 1999. �Design of a Sand Filter for Stormwater Quality Enhancement,� Water Environment Research, Vol 71 No. 1, Washington DC. Also see the paper titled: Stormwater Sand Filter Sizing and Design - A Unit Operation Approach, Ben Urbonas, 2002 at www.udfcd.org. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Urbonas, B.R. 1999. Design of a Sand Filter for Stormwater Quality Enhancement, Vol 71 No. 1, Washington DC. Also see the paper titled: Stormwater Sand Filter Sizing and Design - A Unit Operation Approach, Ben Urbonas, 2002 at www.udfcd.org. Water Environment Research 71. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
1999. Internal storm summary monitoring reports; also see Annual Compliance Report No. 4, Fourth Stormwater Monitoring Report, Fiscal Year 1998-1999, Prepared for Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vandamme, N. S., L. Que, and L. D. T. Topoleski. 1999. Carbide surface coating of Co-Cr-Mo implant alloys by a microwave plasma-assisted reaction. Journal of Materials Science 34:3525-3531. 1999 CO2; Substrate
Chao, S.-M. 1999. Revision of Taiwan starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of ten new records. Zoological Studies 38:405-415. 1999 Cuba; Columbia; China; Taiwan Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Seastars; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
MacDonald Craig, D., A. Mitsuyasu Carol, and EL IZ AB ET H Corbin. 1999. Planned underwater dive attractions program for Hawaii. Pages 180-188 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Artificial Habitat; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Infrastructure; Tourism & Recreation
Haneefa Koya, C. N. and A. K. V. Naseer. 1999. Community participation in reef management: An example of benign 'dredging' from India. Coral Reefs 18:320. 1999 India Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Fowler, A. J., A. C. Jensen, K. J. Collins, and I. P. Smith. 1999. Age structure and diel activity of pouting on the Poole Bay artificial reef. Journal of Fish Biology 54:944-954. 1999 Artificial Habitat
Robichaud, D., W. Hunte, and H. A. Oxenford. 1999. Effects of increased mesh size on catch and fishing power of coral reef fish traps. Fisheries Research 39:275-294. 1999 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Bell, P. R. F., I. Elmetri, and P. Uwins. 1999. Nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium spp. in the Central and Northern Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: Relative importance of the fixed-nitrogen load. Marine Ecology Progress Series 186:119-126. 1999 Australia Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Walters, C., D. Pauly, and V. Christensen. 1999. Ecospace: prediction of mesoscale spatial patterns in trophic relationships of exploited ecosystems, with emphasis on the impacts of marine protected areas. Ecosystems 2:539-554. 1999 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
[No author name available]. 1999. Old Ekofisk meets its unmaker. Pages 81-84 Offshore Engineer. 1999 Artificial Habitat; Pipelines
Morrison, R. J. and M. R. Naqasima. 1999. Fiji's Great Astrolabe Lagoon: Baseline study and management issues for a pristine marine environment. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:617-636. 1999 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
McCook, L. J. 1999. Macroalgae, nutrients and phase shifts on coral reefs: Scientific issues and management consequences for the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 18:357-367. 1999 Australia Review; Index or Indicator Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish
Barrie Pnrock, A. 1999. Coral reefs and environmental change: Adaptation to what? American Zoologist 39:29-Oct. 1999 Global Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Salinity; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Golani, D. and A. Diamant. 1999. Fish colonization of an artificial reef in the Gulf of Elat, northern Red Sea. Environmental Biology of Fishes 54:275-282. 1999 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Substrate
Ratnasooriya, W. D., G. K. Liyanage, and L. M. V. Tillekeratne. 1999. Studies on the post-coital contraceptive mechanisms of a crude extract of Sri Lankan soft coral, Sinularia crispa. Medical Science Research 27:331-334. 1999 Sri Lanka Octocoral
Pet-Soede, L., H. S. J. Cesar, and J. S. Pet. 1999. An economic analysis of blast fishing on Indonesian coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 26:83-93. 1999 Indonesia Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Wiltshire John, C. and A. Moore Kathleen. 1999. Marine manganese tailings concrete: advantages and drawbacks. Pages 237-244 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1999 Fishing Sector; Waterborne Discharges
Cherns, L. 1999. Silurian Chitons as indicators of rocky shores and lowstand on Gotland, Sweden. Palaios 14:172-179. 1999 Index or Indicator Sediment
Dunlap, W. C. 1999. Sunscreens, oxidative stress and antioxidant functions in marine organisms of the Great Barrier Reef. Redox Report 4:304-306. 1999 Australia Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use
�1) Yu, S.; Earles, T.A., and G. Fitch [1998] ; 2) Earles, T.A. [1999]. 1999. 1) Constructed Wetlands for Stormwater Management.� Final Report, Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC)�99-R14 and 2) Earles, T. A.� 1999.� Mitigated Wetlands for the Control of Stormwater Runoff:� Monitoring and Management.� Dissertation, Unive. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Jones, R. J., T. Kildea, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 1999. PAM chlorophyll fluorometry: A new in situ technique for stress assessment in scleractinian corals, used to examine the effects of cyanide from cyanide fishing. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:864-874. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
[No author name available]. 1999. Proceedings of the 1999 Exploration and Production Environmental Conference, SPE/EPA. in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference. 1999 Natural Gas & Electric Power; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Waterborne Discharges
Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Corporate Responses; Funding & Incentives; Oil & Gas Rigs; Valuation
Perry, C. T. 1999. Reef framework preservation in four contrasting modern reef environments, Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Journal of Coastal Research 15:796-812. 1999 Jamaica Physical Damage; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pandolfi, J. M. 1999. Response of pleistocene coral reefs to environmental change over long temporal scales. American Zoologist 39:113-130. 1999 Global; South & Central America; Papua New Guinea; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Brown, P. J. and R. B. Taylor. 1999. Effects of trampling by humans on animals inhabiting coralline algal turf in the rocky intertidal. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 235:45-53. 1999 Algae; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Trampling
Jahn, T., G. M. Konig, and A. D. Wright. 1999. Three new scalarane-based sesterterpenes from the tropical marine sponge Strepsichordaia lendenfeldi. Journal of Natural Products 62:375-377. 1999 Australia Sponges
Sterr, H., V. Ittekkot, and R. J. T. Klein. 1999. Oceans and coasts responding to future climatic change [Weltmeere und kusten im wandel des klimas]. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 143:24-31. 1999 Global Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Connell, S. D. and T. M. Glasby. 1999. Do urban structures influence local abundance and diversity of subtidal epibiota? A case study from Sydney Harbour, Australia. Marine Environmental Research 47:373-387. 1999 Australia Algae; Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Docks & Marinas; Shoreline Armoring
Glasby, T. M. 1999. Differences between subtidal epibiota on pier pilings and rocky reefs at Marinas in Sydney, Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 48:281-290. 1999 Australia Algae; Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Marine Worms; Sponges
Glasby, T. M. 1999. Interactive effects of shading and proximity to the seafloor on the development of subtidal epibiotic assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series 190:113-124. 1999 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Cyanobacteria; Docks & Marinas; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Sponges
Cruickshank, M. J. 1999. Development of aggregate resources in Pacific tropical islands. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:101. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Edwards, A. J. and S. Clark. 1999. Coral transplantation: A useful management tool or misguided meddling? Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:474-487. 1999 Maldives Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Seastars; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Shoreline Protection
Lehmann, C., D. A. Osleger, I. P. Montanez, W. Sliter, A. Arnaud-Vanneau, and J. Banner. 1999. Evolution of Cupido and Coahuila carbonate platforms, early Cretaceous, northeastern Mexico. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 111:1010-1029. 1999 Global; South & Central America; Oman; Mexico GIS & Maps Sediment
Camoin, G. F., P. Gautret, L. F. Montaggioni, and G. Cabioch. 1999. Nature and environmental significance of microbialites in Quaternary reefs: The Tahiti paradox. Sedimentary Geology 126:271-304. 1999 Algae; Coralline Algae; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tarasov, V. G., A. V. Gebruk, V. M. Shulkin, G. M. Kamenev, V. I. Fadeev, V. N. Kosmynin, V. V. Malakhov, D. A. Starynin, and A. I. Obzhirov. 1999. Effect of shallow-water hydrothermal venting on the biota of Matupi Harbour (Rabaul Caldera, New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea). Continental Shelf Research 19:79-116. 1999 Papua New Guinea; Britain Model Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges
Jesinghaus, J. and R. Montgomery. 1999. Towards environmental pressure indicators for the EU. 1999 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Nixon, L. D., B. J. Bascle, and D. A. Marin. 1999. Offshore Atlas Project: Methodology and results. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:211-212. 1999 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Oil & Gas Industry; Surface & Groundwater Flow
1999. Internal storm summary monitoring reports; also see Annual Compliance Report No. 4, Fourth Stormwater Monitoring Report, Fiscal Year 1998-1999, Prepared for Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barrett, N. S. 1999. Food availability is not a limiting factor in the growth of three Australian temperate reef fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 56:419-428. 1999 Australia Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mascarelli, P. E. and L. Bunkley-Williams. 1999. An experimental field evaluation of healin in damaged, unbleached and artificially bleached star coral, Montastraea annularis. Bulletin of Marine Science 65:577-586. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Physical Damage; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Ilan, M., Y. Loya, G. A. Kolbasov, and I. Brickner. 1999. Sponge-inhabiting barnacles on Red Sea coral reefs. Marine Biology 133:709-716. 1999 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Index or Indicator Discharges; Sponges; Substrate
Scarlett, A., P. Donkin, T. W. Fileman, and R. J. Morris. 1999. Occurrence of the antifouling herbicide, Irgarol 1051, within coastal-water seagrasses from Queensland, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38:687-691. 1999 Australia; Europe Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Pittock, B. 1999. Coral reefs and envionmental change: adaptation to what?(1). American Zoologist 39:14. 1999 Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Salinity; Tourism & Recreation
Smith, J. E., U. Brand, M. J. Risk, and H. P. Schwarcz. 1999. Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal events recorded by deep-sea corals. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36:511-517. 1999 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges
Jennings, S., J. D. Reynolds, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1999. Predicting the vulnerability of tropical reef fishes to exploitation with phylogenies and life histories. Conservation Biology 13:1466-1475. 1999 Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Jameson, S. C. 1998. Rapid ecological assessment of the Cayos Miskitos Marine Reserve with notes on the shallow-water stony corals from Nicaragua. Atoll Research Bulletin 15-Jan. 1998 South & Central America; Nicaragua; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Whitaker, F. F. and P. L. Smart. 1998. Hydrology, geochemistry and diagenesis of fracture blue holes, South Andros, Bahamas. Cave and Karst Science 25:75-82. 1998 Bahamas Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Microorganisms; Primary Production; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Robertson, A. I., P. Dixon, and D. M. Alongi. 1998. The influence of fluvial discharge on pelagic production in the Gulf of Papua, Northern Coral Sea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 46:319-331. 1998 Papua New Guinea Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Duwig, C., T. Becquer, B. E. Clothier, and M. Vauclin. 1998. Nitrate leaching through oxisols of the Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) under intensified agricultural practices. Geoderma 84:29-43. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Buick, R., B. Rasmussen, and B. Krapez. 1998. Archean oil: Evidence for extensive hydrocarbon generation and migration 2.5-3.5 Ga. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 82:50-69. 1998 Australia; South Africa Microorganisms; Sediment
Hader, D.-P., H. D. Kumar, R. C. Smith, and R. C. Worrest. 1998. Effects on aquatic ecosystems. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 46:53-68. 1998 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Climate; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Chadwick, D. H. 1998. Blue refuges: U.S. national marine sanctuaries. National Geographic 193:2. 1998 Florida Lab Study Finfish Harvest; Pathogens
Aguayo-Camargo, J. E. 1998. The middle cretaceous El Abra Limestone at its type locality (facies, diagenesis and oil emplacement), east-central Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas 15:8-Jan. 1998 South & Central America; Oman; Mexico Plankton; Sediment
NEPA. 1998. MARICULTURE DRAFT POLICY AND REGULATION NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AUTHORITY COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT DIVISION. National Environment & Planning agency. 1998 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands
Franklin, H. 1998. Coral culturing and temporal recruitment patterns in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Ambio 27:651-655. 1998 Tanzania Coastal Development
Craig, P. C. 1998. Temporal spawning patterns of several surgeonfishes and wrasses in American Samoa. Pacific Science 52:35-39. 1998 Samoa; American Samoa Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hartwell, S. I., D. M. Jordahl, C. E. O. Dawson, and A. S. Ives. 1998. Toxicity of scrap tire leachates in estuarine salinities: Are tires acceptable for artificial reefs? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127:796-806. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Salinity
Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley, and V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8:559-568. 1998 Review Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Beets, J. and A. Friedlander. 1998. Evaluation of a conservation strategy: A spawning aggregation closure for red hind, Epinephelus guttatus, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Environmental Biology of Fishes 55:91-98. 1998 US Virgin Islands Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Roberts, D. E., A. Smith, P. Ajani, and A. R. Davis. 1998. Rapid changes in encrusting marine assemblages exposed to anthropogenic point-source pollution: A 'Beyond BACI' approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 163:213-224. 1998 Algae; Discharges; Microorganisms; Point Source Discharges; Sponges
Parker Jr., R. O. and R. L. Dixon. 1998. Changes in a North Carolina reef fish community after 15 years of intense fishing - Global warming implications. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 127:908-920. 1998 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Abdel-Kader, A. F., S. M. Nasr, H. I. El-Gamily, and M. El-Raey. 1998. Environmental sensitivity analysis of potential oil spill for Ras-Mohammed coastal zone, Egypt. Journal of Coastal Research 14:502-510. 1998 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Petroleum Spills; Tourism & Recreation
Hower Amy, E. 1998. Combining wave energy and artificial reef technology for sustainable coastal resource development. Pages 1691-1695 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1998 Review Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Drinking Water Supply; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Vose, F. E. and W. G. Nelson. 1998. An assessment of the use of stabilized coal and oil ash for construction of artificial fishing reefs: Comparison of fishes observed on small ash and concrete reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36:980-988. 1998 Florida Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Gribble, N. A. and J. W. A. Robertson. 1998. Fishing effort in the far northern section cross shelf closure area of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: The effectiveness of area closures. Journal of Environmental Management 52:53-67. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rilov, G. and Y. Benayahu. 1998. Vertical artificial structures as an alternative habitat for coral reef fishes in disturbed environments. Marine Environmental Research 45:431-451. 1998 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Ruffell, A. H., N. R. Moles, and J. Parnell. 1998. Characterisation and prediction of sediment-hosted ore deposits using sequence stratigraphy. Ore Geology Reviews 12:207-223. 1998 Model Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Russ, C. R., D. C. Lou, J. B. Higgs, and B. P. Ferreira. 1998. Mortality rate of a cohort of the coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, in zones of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park closed to fishing. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:507-511. 1998 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Adams, E. W., W. Schlager, and E. Wattel. 1998. Submarine slopes with an exponential curvature. Sedimentary Geology 117:135-141. 1998 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dollar, E. S. J. 1998. Palaeofluvial geomorphology in southern Africa: A review. Progress in Physical Geography 22:325-349. 1998 South Africa Review Climate; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vervoort, H. C., J. R. Pawlik, and W. Fenical. 1998. Chemical defense of the Caribbean ascidian Didemnum conchyliatum. Marine Ecology Progress Series 164:221-228. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Tunicates
Sosa-Cordero, E., A. M. Arce, W. Aguilar-Davila, and A. Ramirez-Gonzalez. 1998. Artificial shelters for spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille): An evaluation of occupancy in different benthic habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 229:18-Jan. 1998 South & Central America; Bahamas; Cuba; Mexico Index or Indicator Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sassi, R., F. Souissi, N. Soussi, F. Baccar, A. Added, A. Charef, and S. Abdeljaoued. 1998. Environmental diagnosis of the northern part of the Bay of Monastir (eastern Tunisia) from the geochemistry of superficial sediments [Diagnostic environnemental du nord de la Baie de Monastir (Tunisie orientale) par l'etude geochimique des sediments su. Bulletin des Laboratoires des Ponts et Chaussees 218:49-58. 1998 Aquaculture; Discharges; Light; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Grubelic, I. 1998. Presence of the species Genocidris maculata AGASSIZ, 1869, (Echinoidea, Echinodermata) in the Adriatic Sea. Periodicum Biologorum 100:39-42. 1998 Cuba Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms
Guzman, H. M. and C. A. Guevara. 1998. Arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro, Panama: I. Distribucion, estructura y estado de conservacion de los arrecifes continentales de la Laguna de Chiriqui y la Bahia Almirante. Revista de Biologia Tropical 46:601-623. 1998 South & Central America; Panama; Iran; Caribbean Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Watterson, J. C., W. F. Patterson III, R. L. Shipp, and J. H. Cowan Jr. 1998. Movement of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, in the north central Gulf of Mexico: Potential effects of hurricanes. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:92-104. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Christian, R., F. Steimle, and R. Stone. 1998. Evolution of marine artificial reef development-a philosophical review of management strategies. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:32-36. 1998 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Culbertson, J. C. and D. D. Peter. 1998. Development of tagging techniques for monitoring fish populations at Texas artificial reefs. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:46-53. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Deysher, L., T. A. Dean, R. Grove, and A. Jahn. 1998. An experimental reef program to test designs of an artificial reef for kelp mitigation. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:64-72. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Mitigation
Gittings, S. R. 1998. Reef community stability on the Flower Garden Banks, northwest Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:161-169. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Te, F. T. 1998. Preliminary investigations into the effects of Dursban® insecticide on Pocillopora damicornis (Scleractinia: Cnidaria). Journal of Marine Environmental Engineering 4:189-199. 1998 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Dalzell, P. 1998. The role of archaeological and cultural-historical records in long-range coastal fisheries resources management strategies and policies in the Pacific Islands. Ocean and Coastal Management 40:237-252. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Molluscs
Sluka, R. D. and K. M. Sullivan. 1998. The influence of spear fishing on species composition and size of groupers on patch reefs in the upper Florida keys. Fishery Bulletin 96:388-392. 1998 Florida Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Van Rooij, J. M., J. J. Videler, and J. H. Bruggemann. 1998. High biomass and production but low energy transfer efficiency of Caribbean parrotfish: Implications for trophic models of coral reefs. Journal of Fish Biology 53:154-178. 1998 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Primary Production
Demartini, E. E. 1998. How might recruitment research on coral-reef fishes help manage tropical reef fisheries? Austral Ecology 23:305-310. 1998 Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Special Use Permitting
Guzman, H. M. and A. W. Tudhope. 1998. Seasonal variation in skeletal extension rate and stable isotopic (13C/12C and 18O/16O) composition in response to several environmental variables in the Caribbean reef coral Siderastrea siderea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 166:109-118. 1998 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Stony Coral
Wilhelmsson, D. 1998. Artificial reefs and dive tourism in Eilat, Israel. Ambio 27:764-766. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation
Smith, I. P., K. J. Collins, and A. C. Jensen. 1998. Electromagnetic telemetry of lobster (Homarus gammarus (L.)) movements and activity: Preliminary results. Hydrobiologia 133-141. 1998 Europe Artificial Habitat; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Dixon, C. D., H. K. Gorfine, R. A. Officer, and M. Sporcic. 1998. Dispersal of tagged blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra: Implications for stock assessment. Journal of Shellfish Research 17:881-887. 1998 Finfish Harvest
Williamson, A. 1998. Use of acoustics in remote sensing of the seabed. Hydro International 2:51-53. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management
Fraser, I. and R. H. Bruce. 1998. Petroleum developments in Western Australia. Pages 777-783 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1998 Australia Review Infrastructure; Oil & Gas Industry; Pipelines
Kasprzak, R. A. 1998. Use of oil and gas platforms as habitat in Louisiana's artificial reef program. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:37-45. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Defense; Corporate Responses; Finfish Harvest; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting; Utility Policies
Nieland, D. L., C. A. Wilson, and J. W. Fleeger. 1998. Preliminary evaluation of the use of phosphogypsum for reef substrate in the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:54-63. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Lab Study; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hotel & Food Services; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
Gardinali, P. R. and T. L. Wade. 1998. Contribution of PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/PCDFs to the total induction equivalents (ΣIEs) in mollusks. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:27-31. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Bivalves; Molluscs
Ketterer, M. E. and C. J. Khourey. 1998. High-precision determination of 234U/238U activity ratios in natural waters and carbonates by ICPMS. ASTM Special Technical Publication 1344:120-136. 1998 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smith, I. P., K. J. Collins, and A. C. Jensen. 1998. Movement and activity patterns of the European lobster, Homaras gammarus, revealed by electromagnetic telemetry. Marine Biology 132:611-623. 1998 Europe; England Artificial Habitat; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Shoreline Protection
Hovland, M., P. B. Mortensen, T. Brattegard, P. Strass, and K. Rokoengen. 1998. Ahermatypic coral banks off mid-Norway: Evidence for a link with seepage of light hydrocarbons. Palaios 13:189-200. 1998 Norway Model; GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Wassenberg, T. J., C. Y. Burridge, M. Connell, and N. Gribble. 1998. A validation of short-duration scientific tows as a representation of long commercial-length tows: Comparing the catch rates, size composition and species composition of prawn trawler bycatch in the far northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Research 36:35-46. 1998 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates
Bortone, S. A., R. P. Cody, R. K. Turpin, and C. M. Bundrick. 1998. The impact of artificial-reef fish assemblages on their potential forage area. Italian Journal of Zoology 65:265-267. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish
Bach Hanne, K., KO CK Rasmussen Erik, and TO M Foster. 1998. Eutrophication modelling of a tidally influenced mangrove area in Bali subject to major dredging and reclamation activities. Pages 251-261 in International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions. 1998 Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Tourism & Recreation
Shyue, Shiahn-wern. 1998. Preliminary study on the distribution of artificial reefs by using multibeam echo sounder. Pages 1144-1148 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1998 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Zeller, D. C. and G. R. Russ. 1998. Marine reserves: Patterns of adult movement of the coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae)). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55:917-924. 1998 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
McClanahan, T. R. and N. A. Muthiga. 1998. An ecological shift in a remote coral atoll of Belize over 25 years. Environmental Conservation 25:122-130. 1998 Global; South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Herrando-Perez, S. and C. L. J. Frid. 1998. The cessation of long-term fly-ash dumping: Effects on macrobenthos and sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36:780-790. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Major, J. 1998. Do marine 'no-take' zones work? Australasian Science 19:20-22. 1998 Global; Australia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Ranjith, M. W. and N. De Silva. 1998. The Coastal Resources Management Program in Brunei Darussalam. Ocean and Coastal Management 38:147-160. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Oil & Gas Rigs; Petroleum Spills
Takeuchi, M. and M. Komada. 1998. Phosphorus removal from hoggery sewage using natural calcium carbonate. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 32:23-30. 1998 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fouda, M. M., G. V. Hermosa Jr., and S. M. Al-Harthi. 1998. Status of fish biodiversity in the Sultanate of Oman. Italian Journal of Zoology 65:521-525. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Special Use Permitting
Hampton, J. and J. Gunn. 1998. Exploitation and movements of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye tuna (T. obesus) tagged in the north-western Coral Sea. Marine and Freshwater Research 49:475-489. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Lockett, M. M. and I. M. Suthers. 1998. Ontogenetic diet shift and feeding activity in the temperate reef fish Cheilodactylus fuscus. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1998:105-116. 1998 Australia Index or Indicator Algae; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Worms; Molluscs
Jennings, S. and M. J. Kaiser. 1998. The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 201-352. 1998 Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Sea Urchins; Whales & Dolphins
Duan, Y., J. Song, M. Cui, and B. Luo. 1998. Organic geochemical studies of sinking particulate material in China sea area (I) - Organic matter fluxes and distributional features of hydrocarbon compounds and fatty acids. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 41:208-214. 1998 China Plankton; Sediment
Zeller, D. C. 1998. Spawning aggregations: Patterns of movement of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae) as determined by ultrasonic telemetry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162:253-263. 1998 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Elias, R. J. and G. A. Young. 1998. Coral diversity, ecology, and provincial structure during a time of crisis: The latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian Edgewood Province in Laurentia. Palaios 13:98-112. 1998 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Gibson, J., M. McField, and S. Wells. 1998. Coral reef management in Belize: An approach through integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:229-244. 1998 South & Central America; Belize Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Permitting & Zoning; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Wright, R., S. Ray, D. R. Green, and M. Wood. 1998. Development of a GIS of the Moray Firth (Scotland, UK) and its application in environmental management (site selection for an 'artificial reef'). Science of the Total Environment 223:65-76. 1998 South & Central America; Mexico Model; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Fish; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Kump, L. R. 1998. Wastewater Nutrients in Groundwaters of the Florida Keys. United States Environmental Protection Agency Cooperative Agreement #X994870-96-0. 1998 Florida Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Oren, U. and Y. Benayahu. 1998. Didemnid ascidians: Rapid colonizers of artificial reefs in Eilat (Red Sea). Bulletin of Marine Science 63:199-206. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism
Aguirre, J. and A. P. Jimenez. 1998. Fossil analogues of present-day Cladocora caespitosa coral banks: Sedimentary setting, dwelling community, and taphonomy (Late Pliocene, W Mediterranean). Coral Reefs 17:203-213. 1998 Spain Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Friedlander, A. M. and J. D. Parrish. 1998. Temporal dynamics of fish communities on an exposed shoreline in Hawaii. Environmental Biology of Fishes 53:18-Jan. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Konig, G. M. and A. D. Wright. 1998. New cembranoid diterpenes from the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Journal of Natural Products 61:494-496. 1998 Octocoral
Peachey, A. 1998. An economic valuation of water based recreation in the Great Barrier Reef marine park. Australian Parks and Recreation 34:14-16. 1998 Australia; Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Ault J.S., J. A. Bohnsack, and G. A. Meester. 1998. A retrospective (1979-1996) multispecies assessment of coral reef fish stocks in the Florida keys. Fishery Bulletin 96:395-414. 1998 Florida; Cuba Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Proni John, R., CH RI S McArthur, and GL EN N Schuster. 1998. Adaptive dredged material discharge for the Port of Miami. Pages 1249-1257 in Ports - Proceedings. 1998 Florida Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Military
Yu, S. and E. Patron. 1998. Technical Assistance Report Route 7/Goose Creek Water Quality Impact Study. 1998 Dam Construction & Maintenance; Land & Air Transportation; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McConney, P. and R. Mahon. 1998. Introducing fishery management planning to Barbados. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:189-195. 1998 Review Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Letourneur, Y., M. Kulbicki, and P. Labrosse. 1998. Spatial structure of commercial reef fish communities along a terrestrial runoff gradient in the northern lagoon of New Caledonia. Environmental Biology of Fishes 51:141-159. 1998 New Caledonia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Todd Kellison, G. and G. R. Sedberry. 1998. The effects of artificial reef vertical profile and hole diameter on fishes off South Carolina. Bulletin of Marine Science 62:763-780. 1998 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish
Blaber, S. J. M., D. A. Milton, M. J. Farmer, and G. C. Smith. 1998. Seabird breeding populations on the far northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Trends and influences. Emu 98:44-57. 1998 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Marine Birds; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Wickett, R. G. and L. D. Corkum. 1998. Nest defense by the non-indigenous fish, the Round Goby, Neogobius melanostomus (Gobiidae), on a shipwreck in western Lake Erie. Canadian Field-Naturalist 112:653-656. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Pierce, R. H. 1998. Effects of Mosquito Control Measures on Non-Target Organisms in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Mote Marine Laboratory Technical Report 609. 1998 Florida Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Bortone, S. A. 1998. Resolving the attraction-production dilemma in artificial reef research: Some Yeas and Nays. Fisheries 23:10-Jun. 1998 Model Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Cortes, J., A. C. Fonseca, M. Barrantes, and P. Denyer. 1998. Type, distribution, and origin of sediments of the Gandoca-Manzanillo National Wildlife Refuge, Limon, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 46:251-256. 1998 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Molluscs; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Graham, T. and N. Idechong. 1998. Reconciling customary and constitutional law: Managing marine resources in Palau, Micronesia. Ocean and Coastal Management 40:143-164. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Europe Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Willis, T. J. and R. C. Babcock. 1998. Retention and in situ detectability of visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIFE) tags in Pagrus auratus (Sparidae). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 32:247-254. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Light; Piscivorous Fish
Berg, H., M. C. Ohman, S. Troeng, and O. Linden. 1998. Environmental economics of coral reef destruction in Sri Lanka. Ambio 27:627-634. 1998 Sri Lanka; Southeast Asia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Isdale, P. J., B. J. Stewart, K. S. Tickle, and J. M. Lough. 1998. Palaeohydrological variation in a tropical river catchment: A reconstruction using fluorescent bands in corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Holocene 8:8-Jan. 1998 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Worheide, G. 1998. The reef cave dwelling ultraconservative coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana Lister 1900 from the Indo-Pacific. Facies 38:Jan-88. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F. G. 1998. The role of high-energy events (hurricanes and/or tsunamis) in the sedimentation, diagenesis and karst initiation of tropical shallow water carbonate platforms and atolls. Sedimentary Geology 118:Mar-36. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Bahamas; Pacific Ocean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gordeeva, A. O. and A. V. Khomenko. 1998. New data on stratigraphy and lithofacies regioning of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician deposits in the Southern Tunguska oil- and gas-bearing region. Geologiya i Geofizika 39:131-135. 1998
Dunlap, W. C., B. E. Chalker, W. M. Bandaranayake, and J. J. Wu Won. 1998. Nature's sunscreen from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Pages 41-51 in International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 1998 Australia Light; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use
Gagan, M. K., L. K. Ayliffe, D. Hopley, J. A. Cali, G. E. Mortimer, J. Chappell, M. T. McCulloch, and M. J. Head. 1998. Temperature and surface-ocean water balance of the mid-Holocene tropical western Pacific. Science 279:1014-1017. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia
Adjeroud, M., Y. Letourneur, M. Porcher, and B. Salvat. 1998. Factors influencing spatial distribution of fish communities on a fringing reef at Mauritius, S.W. Indian Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes 53:169-182. 1998 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; India Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms; Fish; Molluscs; Nutrients
Schwark, L., M. Vliex, and P. Schaeffer. 1998. Geochemical characterization of Malm Zeta laminated carbonates from the Franconian Alb, SW-Germany (II). Organic Geochemistry 29:1921-1952. 1998 Oman; Germany Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Salinity
Nzali, L. M. 1998. Factors affecting scleractinian coral recruitment on a nearshore reef in Tanzania. Ambio 27:717-722. 1998 Tanzania Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral
Goda, YO SH IM I and HI RO SH I Takagi. 1998. Lateral versus longitudinal artificial reef systems. Pages 2152-2165 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1998 Model Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Shoreline Protection
Moore, C. G., G. R. Saunders, and D. B. Harries. 1998. The status and ecology of reefs of Serpula vermicularis L. (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) in Scotland. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 8:645-656. 1998 Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Worms
Belka, Z. 1998. Early devonian kess-kess carbonate mud mounds of the eastern anti-atlas (Morocco), and their relation to submarine hydrothermal venting. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68:368-377. 1998 Microorganisms; Sediment
Freiwald, A. 1998. Modern nearshore cold-temperate calcareous sediments in the troms district, northern norway. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68:763-776. 1998 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Norway Algae; Bivalves; Climate; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Light; Molluscs; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Rajasuriya, A. 1998. Coral and rock reef habitats in southern Sri Lanka; patterns in the distribution of coral communities. Ambio 27:723-728. 1998 Sri Lanka Boating Activities; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral
Hung, T.-C., C.-C. Huang, and K.-T. Shao. 1998. Ecological survey of coastal water adjacent to nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Chemistry and Ecology 519-532. 1998 Taiwan Algae; Discharges; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton
UMIAMI-RSMAS,. 1998. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; Mexico Model Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Marine Debris; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Point Source Discharges
Falcon-Lang, H. 1998. The impact of wildfire on an early carboniferous coastal environment, North Mayo, Ireland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 139:121-138. 1998 Algae; Discharges; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mercier, A., E. Pelletier, and J.-F. Hamel. 1997. Effects of butyltins on the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pallida (Verrill). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 215:289-304. 1997 Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Microorganisms; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
McClanahan, T. R. 1997. Primary succession of coral-reef algae: Differing patterns on fished versus unfished reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 218:77-102. 1997 Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Fish; Light; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hovland, M. and E. Thomsen. 1997. Cold-water corals - Are they hydrocarbon seep related? Marine Geology 137:159-164. 1997 Norway Sediment
Jennings, S. and N. V. C. Polunin. 1997. Impacts of predator depletion by fishing on the biomass and diversity of non-target reef fish communities. Coral Reefs 16:71-82. 1997 Fiji Model Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Bachu, S. 1997. Flow of formation waters, aquifer characteristics, and their relation to hydrocarbon accumulations, Northern Alberta Basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 81:712-733. 1997 Discharges; Oil & Gas Industry; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nagatsu, K. 1997. Coral reef fisherfolks and their space cognition: Notions of \land,\" \"sea,\" and coral reef space among sama in Sitangkai, Sulu Archipelago". Southeast Asian Studies 35:261-300. 1997 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Small Boats
Cesar, H., C. G. Lundin, S. Bettencourt, J. Dixon. 1997. Indonesian coral reefs - an economic analysis of a precious but threatened resource. Ambio 26:345-350. 1997 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Major Mark, R. P. and H. Holtz. 1997. Predicting reservoir quality at the development scale: Methods for quantifying remaining hydrocarbon resource in diagenetically complex carbonate reservoirs. AAPG Memoir 231-248. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Algae
Chicu, S. A. and S. Berking. 1997. Interference with metamorphosis inductionn in the marine cnidaria Hydractinia echinata (hydrazoa): a structure-activity relationship analysis of lower alcohols, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, thiophenes, tributyl tin and crude oil. Chemosphere 34:1851-1866. 1997 China
Samoilys, M. A. 1997. Periodicity of spawning aggregations of coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Serranidae) on the northern Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 160:149-159. 1997 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish
Komatsu, T. 1997. Long-term changes in the Zostera bed area in the Seto Inland Sea (Japan), especially along the coast of the Okayama Prefecture. Oceanologica Acta 20:209-216. 1997 Japan Review Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development; Nutrients
Edgar, G. J., J. Moverley, N. S. Barrett, D. Peters, and C. Reed. 1997. The conservation-related benefits of a systematic marine biological sampling programme: The Tasmanian reef bioregionalisation as a case study. Biological Conservation 79:227-240. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
[No author name available]. 1997. Tracers catch the drift. Dredging and Port Construction 24:18-19. 1997 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Kitheka, J. U. 1997. Coastal tidally-driven circulation and the role of water exchange in the linkage between tropical coastal ecosystems. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 45:177-187. 1997 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Foster, G. and L. Carter. 1997. Mud sedimentation on the continental shelf at an accretionary margin - Poverty Bay, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 40:157-173. 1997 Europe Deforestation & Devegetation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McKenna Jr., J. E. 1997. Influence of physical disturbance on the structure of coral reef fish assemblages in the Dry Tortugas. Caribbean Journal of Science 33:82-97. 1997 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Large Ships; Planktivorous Fish
Holcombe, T. L., J. S. Warren, L. A. Taylor, D. F. Reid, and C. E. Herdendorf. 1997. Lakefloor geomorphology of western Lake Erie. Journal of Great Lakes Research 23:190-201. 1997 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jackson, J. B. C. 1997. Reefs since Columbus. Coral Reefs 16. 1997 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sponges
Parrish, F. A., E. E. DeMartini, and D. M. Ellis. 1997. Nursery habitat in relation to production of juvenile pink snapper, Pristipomoides filamentosus, in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Fishery Bulletin 95:137-148. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
Kricher, J. 1997. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. 1997 Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barry, G. A. and G. E. Rayment. 1997. Heavy metals and nutrients in soils and sediments of Raine Island, Great Barrier Reef. Pages 281-285 in Land Contamination and Reclamation. 1997 Australia; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Nutrients; Sediment
Bortone, S. A., R. K. Turpin, R. C. Cody, C. M. Bundrick, and R. L. Hill. 1997. Factors associated with artificial-reef fish assemblages. Gulf of Mexico Science 15:17-34. 1997 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Verstappen, H. TH . 1997. The effect of climatic change on southeast Asian geomorphology. Journal of Quaternary Science 12:413-418. 1997 Southeast Asia Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Coastal Development; Sediment
Oren, U. and Y. Benayahu. 1997. Transplantation of juvenile corals: A new approach for enhancing colonization of artificial reefs. Marine Biology 127:499-505. 1997 Lab Study Algae; Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Chandramohan, D. 1997. Recent advances in marine microbiology: The Indian scenario. Journal of Marine Biotechnology 5:73-81. 1997 India Review Algae; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pathogens
Rooker, J. R., Q. R. Dokken, C. V. Pattengill, and G. J. Holt. 1997. Fish assemblages on artificial and natural reefs in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, USA. Coral Reefs 16:83-92. 1997 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hixon, M. A. and M. H. Carr. 1997. Synergistic predation, density dependence, and population regulation in marine fish. Science 277:946-949. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting
Wetherbee, B. M., G. L. Crow, and C. G. Lowe. 1997. Distribution, reproduction and diet of the gray reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos in Hawaii. Marine Ecology Progress Series 151:181-189. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Octopus & Squid
Mebs, D., S. Benesch, B. Konig, Y. Yamakawa, and T. Omori-Satoh. 1997. A protease from the marine sponge Callyspongia schulzi. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 42:789-797. 1997 Papua New Guinea Sponges; Substrate
Laroche, J., J. Razanoelisoa, E. Fauroux, and M. W. Rabenevanana. 1997. The reef fisheries surrounding the south-west coastal cities of Madagascar. Fisheries Management and Ecology 4:285-299. 1997 Madagascar Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Substrate
Craig, P. C., J. H. Choat, L. M. Axe, and S. Saucerman. 1997. Population biology and harvest of the coral reef surgeonfish Acanthurus lineatus in American Samoa. Fishery Bulletin 95:680-693. 1997 Samoa; American Samoa Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Goldberg, W. M. and G. T. Taylor. 1997. Coelenterate cnidae capsules: Disulfide linkages revealed by silver cytochemistry and their differential responses to thiol reagents. Biological Bulletin 192:16-Jan. 1997 Discharges
[No author name available]. 1997. Special Issue: 5th symposium on our environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:1-615. 1997 Global; Malaysia; Southeast Asia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Link, J. 1997. Untrawlable bottom in shrimp statistical zones of the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Marine Fisheries Review 59:33-36. 1997 South & Central America; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Culbertson Jan, C. 1997. Alternative donation options with the Texas Artificial Reef Program. Pages 421-431 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1997 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Tourism & Recreation
Pickering, H. and D. Whitmarsh. 1997. Artificial reefs and fisheries exploitation: A review of the 'attraction versus production' debate, the influence of design and its significance for policy. Fisheries Research 31:39-59. 1997 Review Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Bacud, J., A. Moore, and C.-S. Lee. 1997. Tectonic structure and petroleum potential of Tayabas Bay southeast Luzon, Philippines. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 15:195-215. 1997 Australia; Philippines
Connell, S. D. 1997. The relationship between large predatory fish and recruitment and mortality of juvenile coral reef-fish on artificial reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 209:261-278. 1997 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Allemand, D., C. Ferrier-Pages, and E. Debemardi. 1997. Protection and management of the waters along the coast of Monaco. Hydro International 1:23-25. 1997 Artificial Habitat
Martin, T. R. and S. A. Bortone. 1997. Development of an epifaunal assemblage on an estuarine artificial reef. Gulf of Mexico Science 15:55-70. 1997 Florida Model Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Salinity; Substrate
Martini, R., D. Vachard, L. Zaninetti, S. Cirilli, J.-J. Cornee, B. Lathuiliere, and M. Villeneuve. 1997. Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and micropalaeontology of the upper triassic reefal series in Eastern Sulawesi (Indonesia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 128:157-174. 1997 Australia; Indonesia Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Sponges
Robison, W. L., K. T. Bogen, and C. L. Conrado. 1997. An updated dose assessment for resettlement options at Bikini Atoll - A U.S. nuclear test site. Health Physics 73:100-114. 1997 Marshall Islands; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Santos, M. N. and C. C. Monteiro. 1997. The Olhao artificial reef system (south Portugal): Fish assemblages and fishing yield. Fisheries Research 30:33-41. 1997 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Schroeder, W. W. and T. S. Hopkins. 1997. Northern record for the zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Siderastrea Siderea (Ellis and Solander) from the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Research Reports 9:361-364. 1997 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Stony Coral
Pandey, J. S. and P. Khanna. 1997. Sensitivity analysis of a mangrove ecosystem model. Journal of Environmental Systems 26:57-72. 1997 Model Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
McClanahan, T. R., D. Obura. 1997. Sedimentation effects on shallow coral communities in Kenya. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 209:103-122. 1997 Kenya Algae; Discharges; Hydrocoral; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guard, M. and M. Masaiganah. 1997. Dynamite fishing in southern Tanzania, geographical variation, intensity of use and possible solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 34:758-762. 1997 Tanzania Finfish Harvest
Wassenberg, T. J., S. J. M. Blaber, C. Y. Burridge, D. T. Brewer, J. P. Salini, and N. Gribble. 1997. The effectiveness of fish and shrimp trawls for sampling fish communities in tropical Australia. Fisheries Research 30:241-251. 1997 Florida; Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Invertebrate Harvest; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Frederick, J. L. 1997. Post-settlement movement of coral reef fishes and bias in survival estimates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 150:65-74. 1997 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Walters, C., V. Christensen, and D. Pauly. 1997. Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass-balance assessments. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7:139-172. 1997 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Grimshaw, R. 1997. Floating on the margins. Pages 29-30+32 Offshore Engineer. 1997 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges; Mitigation; Plankton; Sponges; Whales & Dolphins
Mcclanahan, T. R., H. Glaesel, J. Rubens, and R. Kiambo. 1997. The effects of traditional fisheries management on fisheries yields and the coral-reef ecosystems of southern Kenya. Environmental Conservation 24:105-120. 1997 Kenya Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Ribera, G., M. Coloreu, C. Rodriguez-Prieto, and E. Ballesteros. 1997. Phytobenthic assemblages of Addaia Bay (Menorca, western Mediterranean): Composition and distribution. Botanica Marina 40:523-532. 1997 Algae; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fleshy Macroalgae; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Liao, I. C. 1997. Status, problems and prospects of stock enhancement in Taiwan. Hydrobiologia 352:167-180. 1997 Japan; Taiwan Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Special Use Permitting
Lidz, B. H., E. A. Shinn, A. C. Hine, and S. D. Locker. 1997. Contrasts within an outlier-reef system: Evidence for differential quaternary evolution, south Florida windward margin, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research 13:711-731. 1997 Florida GIS & Maps Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
McManus, J. W. 1997. Tropical marine fisheries and the future of coral reefs: A brief review with emphasis on Southeast Asia. Coral Reefs 16. 1997 Global; Southeast Asia Review; Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Scientific Research; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Roberts, C. M. 1997. Connectivity and management of Carribean coral reefs. Science 278:1454-1457. 1997 GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zeller, D. C. 1997. Home range and activity patterns of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 154:65-77. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Ritchie, R. J., A. J. Grant, K. Eltringham, and R. Hinde. 1997. Clotrimazole, a model compound for the host release factor of the coral Plesiastrea versipora. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 24:283-290. 1997 Cuba Model Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Invertebrates; Primary Production
World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C. 1997 Global; Tanzania; Maldives; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; Southeast Asia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Germany Lab Study; GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Live Collection; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
J. R. Maxted, S. B. Weisberg, J. C. Chaillou, R. A. Eskin, F. W. Kutz. 1997. The Ecological Condition of Dead-End Canals of the Delaware and Maryland Coastal Bays. Estuaries 20:319-327. 1997 Boating Activities; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Housing; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Sediment
Lapointe, B. E., W. R. Matzie. 1997. High Frequency Monitoring of Wastewater Nutrient Discharges and Their Ecological Effects in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. 1997 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Nutrients; Wastewater Discharge
Readhead, M. L. 1997. Snapping shrimp noise near Gladstone, Queensland. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101:1718-1722. 1997 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kump, L. R. 1997. Fate of Wastewater nutrients in Florida Keys Groundwater. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency #x98429297-0-PA. 1997 Florida Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Peters, E.C., N.J. Gassman, J.C. Firman, R.H. Richmonds, E.A. Power. 1997. Ecotoxicology of Tropical Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:12-40. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Meehan, W. J. and G. K. Ostrander. 1997. Coral bleaching: A potential biomarker of environmental stress. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 50:529-552. 1997 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light; Salinity; Sediment
Wantiez, L., P. Thollot, and M. Kulbicki. 1997. Effects of marine reserves on coral reef fish communities from five islands in New Caledonia. Coral Reefs 16:215-224. 1997 New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Jones, R. J. and A. L. Steven. 1997. Effects of cyanide on corals in relation to cyanide fishing on reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research 48:517-522. 1997 Algae; Finfish Harvest; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Makoloweka, S. and K. Shurcliff. 1997. Coastal management in Tanga, Tanzania: A decentralized community-based approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 37:349-357. 1997 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Aquaculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landuse Management; Mangroves
Jenson, J. W., J. M. Jocson, and H. G. Siegrist. 1997. Groundwater discharge styles from an uplifted Pleistocene island karst aquifer, Guam, Mariana Islands. Pages 15-19 in The engineering geology and hydrogeology of karst terranes. Proc. 6th multidisciplinary conference, Springfield, 1997. 1997 Guam Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ohowa, B. O., B. M. Mwashote, and W. S. Shimbira. 1997. Dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes from two seasonal rivers into Gazi Bay, Kenya. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 45:189-195. 1997 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carr, M. H. and M. A. Hixon. 1997. Artificial reefs: The importance of comparisons with natural reefs. Fisheries 22:28-33. 1997 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Grossman, G. D., G. P. Jones, and W. J. Seaman Jr. 1997. Do artificial reefs increase regional fish production? A review of existing data. Fisheries 22:17-23. 1997 Review Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting
Hunter, D. J., L. G. G. Yapa, and N. V. Hue. 1997. Effects of green manure and coral lime on corn growth and chemical properties of an acid Oxisol in Western Samoa. Biology and Fertility of Soils 24:266-273. 1997 Samoa Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients
Attwood, C. G., J. M. Harris, and A. J. Williams. 1997. International experience of marine protected areas and their relevance to South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 311-332. 1997 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Corporate Responses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Singh, B. 1997. Climate-related global changes in the southern Caribbean: Trinidad and Tobago. Global and Planetary Change 15:93-111. 1997 Global; South & Central America; Trinidad; Tobago; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kushmaro, A., G. Henning, D. K. Hofmann, and Y. Benayahu. 1997. Metamorphosis of Heteroxenia fuscescens planulae (cnidaria: octocorallia) is inhibited by crude oil: A novel short term toxicity bioassay. Marine Environmental Research 43:295-302. 1997 Index or Indicator Octocoral; Petroleum Spills
Mcmanus, J. W., R. B. Reyes Jr., and C. L. Nanola Jr. 1997. Effects of some destructive fishing methods on coral cover and potential rates of recovery. Environmental Management 21:69-78. 1997 Philippines Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest
Bodge Kevin, R. 1997. Structural restoration of coral reefs damaged by vessel groundings. Pages 4261-4273 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1997 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Engineering; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Rougerie, F., C. Jehl, and J. Trichet. 1997. Phosphorus pathways in atolls: Interstitial nutrient pool, cyanobacterial accumulation and Carbonate-Fluoro-Apatite (CFA) precipitation. Marine Geology 139:201-217. 1997 Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Nutrients
Bavestrello, G., C. Cerrano, D. Zanzi, and R. Cattaneo-Vietti. 1997. Damage by fishing activities to the Gorgonian coral Paramuricea clavata in the Ligurian Sea. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 7:253-262. 1997 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Octocoral
Ohman, M. C., A. Rajasuriya, and E. Olafsson. 1997. Reef fish assemblages in north-western Sri Lanka: Distribution patterns and influences of fishing practises. Environmental Biology of Fishes 49:45-61. 1997 Sri Lanka Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Stony Coral
Probert, P. K., D. G. McKnight, and S. L. Grove. 1997. Benthic invertebrate bycatch from a deep-water trawl fishery, Chatham rise, New Zealand. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 7:27-40. 1997 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Echinoderms; Fishing Sector; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Wahle, R. A. and L. S. Incze. 1997. Pre- and post-settlement processes in recruitment of the American lobster. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 217:179-207. 1997 England Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Chadwick-Furman, N. E. 1996. Reef coral diversity and global change. Global Change Biology 2:559-568. 1996 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Pacific Ocean; Caribbean Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Light; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shapiro, D. Y. and L.-A. Giraldeau. 1996. Mating tactics in external fertilizers when sperm is limited. Behavioral Ecology 7:19-23. 1996 Model Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Longman, M. W. 1996. Did the Mississippian Lodgepole buildup at Dickinson Field (North Dakota) form as a gas seep (\vent\") community?". Mountain Geologist 33:105-114. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lapointe, B. E. and W. R. Matzie. 1996. Effects of stormwater nutrient discharges on eutrophication processes in nearshore waters of the Florida Keys. Estuaries 19:422-435. 1996 Florida Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Falcon, J. M., S. A. Bortone, A. Brito, and C. M. Bundrick. 1996. Structure of and relationships within and between the littoral, rock- substrate fish communities off four islands in the Canarian Archipelago. Marine Biology 125:215-231. 1996 Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins; Substrate
Gourlay, M. R. 1996. Wave set-up on coral reefs. 1. Set-up and wave-generated flow on an idealised two dimensional horizontal reef. Coastal Engineering 27:161-193. 1996 Lab Study; Model Discharges; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Burrage, D. M., C. R. Steinberg, W. J. Skirving, and J. A. Kleypas. 1996. Mesoscale circulation features of the great barrier reef region inferred from NOAA satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 56:21-41. 1996 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Karnkowski, P. H. 1996. Thermal history and hydrocarbon generation in the area of dobrzyca structure (Western Pomerania, Poland) [Historia termiczna a generacja wȩglowodorow w rejonie struktury Dobrzycy (Pomorze Zachodnie)]. Przeglad Geologiczny 44:349-357. 1996 Poland Model
Rostron, B. J. and J. Toth. 1996. Ascending fluid plumes above devonian pinnacle reefs: Numerical modeling and field example from West-Central Alberta, Canada. AAPG Memoir 185-201. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Petroleum Spills; Seawater Flow
Summerhayes, C. P. and S. A. Thorpe. 1996. Oceanography: an illustrated guide. Oceanography: an illustrated guide. 1996 Global Artificial Habitat; Climate; Plankton
Dalzell, P., T. J. H. Adams, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1996. Coastal fisheries in the Pacific Islands. Pages 395-531 Oceanography and Marine Biology: an annual review. Vol. 34. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Pearce, F. 1996. Crumbling away: is dredging the villain in the drama of Britain's eroding coasts? New Scientist 152:14-15. 1996 Britain Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Vargas-Angel, B. 1996. Distribution and community structure of the reef corals of Ensenada de Utria, Pacific coast of Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44:643-651. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Plankton; Stony Coral
Harris Lee, E., J. Mostkoff Benjamin, and GE RA LD Zadikoff. 1996. Artificial reefs: from waste to resources. Pages 754-759 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1996 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Shoreline Armoring; Tourism & Recreation
Martin, E.H., and Smoot, J.L. (1986) and Gain, W.S. (1996). 1996. Constituent-Load Changes in Urban Stormwater Runoff Routed Through a Detention Pond-Wetlands System in Central Florida, USGS Report 85-4310 (1986) AND The Effects of Flow-Path Modification on Water-Quality Constituent Retention in an Urban Stormwater Dete. 1996 Florida Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Amar, E. C., R. M. T. Cheong, and M. V. T. Cheong. 1996. Small-scale fisheries of coral reefs and the need for community-based resource management in Malalison Island, Philippines. Fisheries Research 25:265-277. 1996 Philippines Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Small Herbivorous Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Kitheka, J. U., B. O. Ohowa, B. M. Mwashote, W. S. Shimbira, J. M. Mwaluma, and J. M. Kazungu. 1996. Water circulation dynamics, water column nutrients and plankton productivity in a well-flushed tropical bay in Kenya. Journal of Sea Research 35:257-268. 1996 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Watson, M., D. Righton, T. Austin, and R. Ormond. 1996. The effects of fishing on coral reef fish abundance and diversity. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76:229-233. 1996 Kenya Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dubinsky, Z. and N. Stambler. 1996. Marine pollution and coral reefs. Global Change Biology 2:511-526. 1996 Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges; Zooxanthellae
Wilkinson, C. R. 1996. Global change and coral reefs: Impacts on reefs, economies and human cultures. Global Change Biology 2:547-558. 1996 Global Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Jennings, S., S. S. Marshall, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1996. Seychelles' marine protected areas: Comparative structure and status of reef fish communities. Biological Conservation 75:201-209. 1996 Seychelles Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Shick, J. M., M. P. Lesser, and P. L. Jokiel. 1996. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on corals and other coral reef organisms. Global Change Biology 2:527-545. 1996 Global Review Light; Sediment
Zann, L. P. 1996. The state of the Marine Environment Report for Australia (SOMER): Process, findings and perspectives. Ocean and Coastal Management 33:63-86. 1996 Global; Australia Invasive Species; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Stimson, J., S. Larned, and K. McDermid. 1996. Seasonal growth of the coral reef macroalga Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forskal) Borgesen and the effects of nutrient availability, temperature and herbivory on growth rate. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 196:53-77. 1996 Lab Study Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Light; Nutrients; Sediment
Wohlfarth, B. 1996. The chronology of the last termination: A review of radiocarbon-dated, high-resolution terrestrial stratigraphies. Quaternary Science Reviews 15:267-284. 1996 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Evans, C. R., A. P. M. Lockwood, and A. J. Evans. 1996. Field Studies of the Population Dynamics of the Spotted Spiny Lobster Panulirus guttatus (Latreille) at Bermuda. Gulf of Mexico Science 14:55-64. 1996 Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Ainley, D. G., L. B. Spear, S. G. Allen, and C. A. Ribic. 1996. Temporal and spatial patterns in the diet of the Common Murre in California waters. Condor 98:691-705. 1996 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Birds; Recreational Fishing
Laurenti-Ribaud, A. and J.-P. Masse. 1996. Geometry and dynamics of a bioclastic and coral complex the Barremian limestones of the Saint-Chamas region (Bouches-du-Rhone, France) [Geometrie et dynamique d'un complexe bioclastique et corallien: Les calcaires barremiens de la region de Saint-Cham. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie de Sciences - Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes 322:33-38. 1996 France Model Sediment
Wantiez, L., M. Harmelin-Vivien, and M. Kulbicki. 1996. Spatial and temporal variation in a soft-bottom fish assemblage in St Vincent Bay, New Caledonia. Marine Biology 125:801-812. 1996 New Caledonia Fish; Invertebrate Harvest; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Chandramohan, P., V. Sanil Kumar, and S. Jaya Kumar. 1996. Dredge spoil disposal off Kavaratti island, Lakshadweep, India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 25:67-70. 1996 India Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mohammed, S. Z. and S. Al-Ssadh. 1996. Coral reef grounds and its associated biota in the western side of 1 the Arabian Gulf (ROPME Sea Area) with respect to 1991 Gulf war oil spill. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 25:35-40. 1996 Bahrain Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
[No author name available]. 1996. Coral reefs and global change. Global Change Biology 2:479-582. 1996 Global Light; Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Laws, E. A. and C. B. Allen. 1996. Water quality in a subtropical embayment more than a decade after diversion of sewage discharges. Pacific Science 50:194-210. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Caley, M. J. and J. ST . John. 1996. Refuge availability structures assemblages of tropical reef fishes. Journal of Animal Ecology 65:414-428. 1996 Australia Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources
Osborn, TI M, KE VI N Bodge, MI LE S Croom, MA RK Schroeder, and CH AR LI E Wahle. 1996. Structural restoration of two coral reefs in the Florida keys national marine sanctuary. Pages 14-17 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1996 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Collaboration & Partnering; Military
Downey Marlan, W. 1996. Understanding the value of 3-D seismic for exploration. Pages 27-28 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1996
Readman, J. W., I. Tolosa, A. T. Law, J. Bartocci, S. Azemard, T. Hamilton, L. D. Mee, A. Wagener, M. Le Tissieri, C. Roberts, N. Downing, and A. R. G. Price. 1996. Discrete bands of petroleum hydrocarbons and molecular organic markers identified within massive coral skeletons. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32:437-443. 1996 Saudi Arabia; Kuwait; Iran Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Stony Coral
Riegl, B. and A. Riegl. 1996. Studies on coral community structure and damage as a basis for zoning marine reserves. Biological Conservation 77:269-277. 1996 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Landuse Management; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nelson, B. D. and S. A. Bortone. 1996. Feeding guilds among artificial-reef fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 14:66-80. 1996 South & Central America; Florida; Panama; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Octopus & Squid
Hinrichsen, DO N. 1996. Coasts in Crisis: The earth's most biologically productive habitats are being smothered by development. Only coordinated international action can save them. Issues in Science and Technology 12:39-47. 1996 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Wetlands
Flathman Paul, E., L. Laski Mary, R. Trausch Jason, H. Carson Jr. John, M. Woodhull Patrick, E. Jerger Douglas, and R. Lear Paul. 1996. Effect of micronutrient addition on the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC)-contaminated coral sand at a U.S. Navy facility on Midway Island in the Pacific. in Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's Annual Meeting & Exhibition. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Coastal Defense; Military; Nutrients; Remediation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Kulbicki, M. 1996. First observations on the fish communities of fringing reefs in the region of Maumere (Flores - Indonesia). Atoll Research Bulletin 10-Aug. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Indonesia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Small Herbivorous Fish
Pichler, T. and G. R. Dix. 1996. Hydrothermal venting within a coral reef ecosystem, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea. Geology 24:435-438. 1996 Papua New Guinea Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
CPTAS,. 1996. Coastal Protection Technical Assistance Service on-line library. Coastal Protection Technical Assistance Service on-line library. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Ray, G. C. 1996. Coastal-marine discontinuities and synergisms: Implications for biodiversity conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 5:1095-1108. 1996 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Whales & Dolphins
Clarke, A. J. and A. Lebedev. 1996. Long-term changes in the equatorial Pacific trade winds. Journal of Climate 9:1020-1029. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Physical Variables; Water Depth & Sea Level
[No author name available]. 1996. Potential spill shows Australia is ready. Work Boat World 15:36. 1996 Australia Petroleum Spills
Russ, G. R. and A. C. Alcala. 1996. Do marine reserves export adult fish biomass? Evidence from Apo Island, central Philippines. Marine Ecology Progress Series 132:9-Jan. 1996 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Jennings, S. and N. V. C. Polunin. 1996. Fishing strategies, fishery development and socioeconomics in traditionally managed Fijian fishing grounds. Fisheries Management and Ecology 3:335-347. 1996 Fiji Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Shulman, M. J. and D. R. Robertson. 1996. Changes in the coral reefs of San Bias, Caribbean Panama: 1983 to 1990. Coral Reefs 15:231-236. 1996 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral
Derr, J. F., R. S. Chandran, and W. D. Ward. 1996. Preemergence and postemergence yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) control with MON 12000 in nursery crops. Weed Technology 10:95-99. 1996 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Carte, B. K. 1996. Biomedical Potential of Marine Natural Products. Bioscience 46:271-286. 1996 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Invertebrates; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Stanley, D. R. and C. A. Wilson. 1996. Abundance of fishes associated with a petroleum platform as measured with dual-beam hydroacoustics. ICES Journal of Marine Science 53:473-475. 1996 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish
Homewood, P. W. 1996. The carbonate feedback system: Interaction between stratigraphic accommodation, ecological succession and the carbonate factory [Le systeme de feed-back des carbonate: Une interaction entre accommodation stratigraphique, succession ecologique et l'usine. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 167:701-715. 1996 Oman; France Model Climate; Nutrients; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fujita, T., D. Kitagawa, Y. Okuyama, Y. Jin, Y. Ishito, and T. Inada. 1996. Comparison of fish assemblages among an artificial reef, a natural reef and a sandy-mud bottom site on the shelf off Iwate, northern Japan. Environmental Biology of Fishes 46:351-364. 1996 Japan Artificial Habitat; Fish
Taniguchi, K. 1996. Primary succession of marine algal communities in the sublittoral zone off Oshika peninsula, Japan. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi (Japanese Edition) 62:765-771. 1996 Japan Algae; Artificial Habitat
Lesser, M. P. and S. Lewis. 1996. Action spectrum for the effects of UV radiation on photosynthesis in the hermatypic coral Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 134:171-177. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Meroz, E. and M. Ilan. 1996. Cohabitation of a coral reef sponge and a colonial scyphozoan. Marine Biology 124:453-459. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Discharges; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Sponges
Sammarco, P. W. 1996. Comments on coral reef regeneration, bioerosion, biogeography, and chemical ecology: Future directions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 200:135-168. 1996 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Review Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment
Barker, R. A. and A. F. Ardis. 1996. Hydrogeologic framework of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system, west-central Texas. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1996 Oman GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jennings, S., D. P. Boulle, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1996. Habitat correlates of the distribution and biomass of Seychelles' reef fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 46:15-25. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; Seychelles Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Colonna, M., J. Casanova, W.-C. Dullo, and G. Camoin. 1996. Sea-level changes and δ18O record for the past 34,000 yr from Mayotte reef, Indian Ocean. Quaternary Research 46:335-339. 1996 Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Mayotte; India Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tsukamoto, S. and J. M. Heikoop. 1996. Sulfite radicals in banded coral. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47:1437-1441. 1996 Indonesia CO2; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aabel, J. P., S. J. Cripps, and G. Kjeilen. 1996. Offshore petroleum installations in the North Sea used as fish aggregating devices - potential and suggestions for preparation, management and monitoring. Pages 295-303 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 1996 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Gardner, G. 1996. Gribble in the greenheart. New Civil Engineer (NCE) 1171:18-19. 1996 Artificial Habitat; Forestry
Harvey, L. D. D. 1996. Development of a risk-hedging CO2-emission policy, Part I: Risks of unrestrained emissions. Climatic change 34:Jan-40. 1996 Global Review Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Jones, G. LL . and I. D. Somerville. 1996. Irish Dinantian biostratigraphy: Practical applications. Geological Society Special Publication 371-385. 1996 Europe; Britain GIS & Maps
Aguilar-Perera, A. and W. Aguilar-Davila. 1996. A spawning aggregation of Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus (Pisces: Serranidae) in the Mexican Caribbean. Environmental Biology of Fishes 45:351-361. 1996 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Posey, M., W. Lindberg, T. Alphin, and F. Vose. 1996. Influence of storm disturbance on an offshore benthic community. Bulletin of Marine Science 59:523-529. 1996 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Newman, S. J., D. MC B. Williams, and G. R. Russ. 1996. Age validation, growth and mortality rates of the tropical snappers (Pisces: Lutjanidae) Lutjanus adetii (Castelnau, 1873) and L. quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) from the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 47:575-584. 1996 Australia Finfish Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Hamzah, AM IR, A. AD JI Z Saleh, and SA TY A Budhi Takdir. 1996. Marine management efforts for the Pagerungan gas development. Pages 891-898 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. 1996 Indonesia Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Waterborne Discharges
Piller, W. E. and M. Rasser. 1996. Rhodolith formation induced by reef erosion in the Red Sea, Egypt. Coral Reefs 15:191-198. 1996 Egypt Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Borg, L. E. and J. L. Banner. 1996. Neodymium and strontium isotopic constraints on soil sources in Barbados, West Indies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60:4193-4206. 1996 Antilles Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment
Hicklenton, P. R. and K. G. Cairns. 1996. Plant water relations and mineral nutrition of containerized nursery plants in relation to irrigation method. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76:155-160. 1996 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Nutrients
Van Waasbergen, R. J. 1995. Sediment facies and environments of deposition on Cretaceous Pacific carbonate platforms: an overview of dredged rocks from western Pacific guyots. Pages 471-493 in Proc., scientific results, ODP, Leg 143, northwest Pacific atolls and guyots. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Rigo, F. 1995. Overlooked Tunisia reef play may have giant field potential. Oil and Gas Journal 93:56-60. 1995 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Petrae, Lcdr. G. 1995. Barge Morris J. Berman Spill: NOAA�s Scientific Response. HAZMAT Report No. 95-10. Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle. 1995 Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering; Petroleum Spills
Jennings, S., E. M. Grandcourt, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1995. The effects of fishing on the diversity, biomass and trophic structure of Seychelles' reef fish communities. Coral Reefs 14:225-235. 1995 Seychelles Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Nyagah, K. 1995. Stratigraphy, depositional history and environments of deposition of Cretaceous through Tertiary strata in the Lamu Basin, southeast Kenya and implications for reservoirs for hydrocarbon exploration. Sedimentary Geology 96:43-71. 1995 Indian Ocean; Kenya; Madagascar; India Sediment
McClanahan, T. R. and D. Obura. 1995. Status of Kenyan coral reefs. Coastal Management 23:57-76. 1995 Kenya Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Urchins
Rajasuriya, A. and A. T. White. 1995. Coral reefs of Sri Lanka: review of their extent, condition, and management status. Coastal Management 23:77-90. 1995 Sri Lanka Review Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sediment
Dayaratne, P., O. Linden, and M. W. R. N. De Silva. 1995. Puttalam Lagoon and Mundel Lake, Sri Lanka: a study of coastal resources: their utilisation, environmental issues and management options. Ambio 24:391-401. 1995 Sri Lanka Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Wetlands
Vogt, I. P. 1995. Coral reefs in Saudi Arabia: 3.5 years after the Gulf War oil spill. Coral Reefs 14:271-273. 1995 Saudi Arabia; Kuwait Petroleum Spills
Deslarzes, K. J. P., P. N. Boothe, B. J. Presley, and G. L. Steinmentz. 1995. Historical incorporation of barium in the reef building coral Montastrea annularis at the Flower Garden Banks, north-west Gulf of Mexico. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30:718-722. 1995 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Huang, H. and C. J. Forsyth. 1995. Anti selective spirocarbomercuration: Synthesis and stereochemistry of the spirobicyclic sesquiterpenes spirojatamol and erythrodiene. Journal of Organic Chemistry 60:2773-2779. 1995 South & Central America; India; Caribbean Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
1995. GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES. United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, D.C.(USA). 1995 Global Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Wetlands
Ashton, P. H. and B. J. Richardson. 1995. Biological monitoring of the marine ocean outfall at Black Rock, Victoria, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:334-340. 1995 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Sediment
Dullo, W.-C., M. Gektidis, S. Golubic, G. A. Heiss, H. Kampmann, W. Kiene, D. K. Kroll, M. L. Kuhrau, G. Radtke, J. G. Reijmer, G. B. Reinicke, D. Schlichter, H. Schuhmacher, and K. Vogel. 1995. Factors controlling holocene reef growth: An interdisciplinary approach. Facies 32:145-188. 1995 Global; Bahamas; Egypt; Sudan; Djibouti Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Plankton; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Glynn, P. W., D. G. Rumbold, S. C. Snedaker. 1995. Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Marine Sediment and Biota from the Northern Florida Reef Tract. Marine Pollution Bulletin 30:397-402. 1995 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sediment; Sponges
Rillera, F. G. 1995. Independent focuses Philippines exploration on Visayan Basin. Oil and Gas Journal 93:68-73. 1995 Philippines Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Harris Lee, E. 1995. Engineering design of artificial reefs. Pages 1139-1148 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1995 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat
Chen, K. M. 1995. Disappearance of ALS from Guam: Implications for exogenous causes. Pages 1549-1553 in Clinical Neurology. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Guam Deforestation & Devegetation; Drinking Water Supply; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Military; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Albertelli, G., G. Bavestrello, R. Cattaneo-Vietti, E. Olivari, and M. Petrillo. 1995. Artificial habitats for rearing slow-growing marine invertebrates. Pages 455-463 in Coastal ocean space utilization III. Proc. symposium, Genoa, 1993. 1995 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Park, D. L. 1995. Prediction of aquatic biotoxin potential in fish and shellfish harvesting areas: ciguatera and diarrheic shellfish poisoning. Pages 271-282 in Coastal ocean space utilization III. Proc. symposium, Genoa, 1993. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest
Ellis, J. and D. N. Schramm. 1995. Could a nearby supernova explosion have caused a mass extinction? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92:235-238. 1995 Light; Plankton
Pisano William, C., ST EV E Kiss, DA VI D Connelly, and TO M Giles. 1995. Holistic stormwater master planning for Cape Coral, Fl. Pages 137-140 in [No source information available]. 1995 Florida Finfish Harvest; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Wang, GE and H. Ohtsubo. 1995. Structural strength during bottom raking. Nihon Zosen Gakkai Ronbunshu/Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 178:413-419. 1995 Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. 1995. Thalassia testudinum leaf dynamics in a Mexican caribbean coral reef lagoon. Marine Biology 122:33-40. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Discharges; Mangroves; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Miller, R. L. and J. F. Cruise. 1995. Effects of Suspended Sediments on Coral Growth: Evidence from Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment 53:177-187. 1995 Puerto Rico Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pollnac Richard, B. and W. McManus John. 1995. Human factors in a coral reef database. Pages 100-101 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Fujita, T., D. Kitagawa, Y. Okuyama, Y. Ishito, T. Inada, and Y. Jin. 1995. Diets of the demersal fishes on the shelf off Iwate, northern Japan. Marine Biology 123:219-233. 1995 Japan Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Worms
Smith, A. W. and L. A. Jackson. 1995. The development and impact of harmonic reformed \Miche' wavelets upon a natural beach". Journal of Coastal Research 11:1346-1353. 1995 Australia Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment
Alderson, MA RK. 1995. Course to paradise reclaimed. Pages 66-67 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Burch, B. L. and T. A. Burch. 1995. Sessile foraminifera of the Hawaiian archipelago: a preliminary survey. Marine Micropaleontology 26:161-170. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Mohammed, S. Z. 1995. Observations on the benthic macrofauna of the soft sediment on western side of the Arabian Gulf (ROPME sea area) with respect to 1991 Gulf War oil spill. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 24:147-152. 1995 Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Substrate
Li, S., R. R. Manory, and J. H. Hensler. 1995. Compound layer growth and compound layer porosity of austenite plasma nitrocarburised non-alloyed steel. Surface and Coatings Technology 71:112-120. 1995 Nutrients
Boon John, D., JE FF RE Y Claassen, and F. Pieters Renaldo. 1995. Environmentally responsive artificial beach design, Curacao, Netherlands antilles. Pages 17-18 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Antilles Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation
Sauer, W. H. H. 1995. South Africa's Tsitsikamma National Park as a protected breeding area for the commercially exploited chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii. South African Journal of Marine Science 365-371. 1995 South Africa Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Octopus & Squid
Buckingham, S. D., M. I. Balk, S. C. R. Lunimis, P. Jewess, and D. B. Sattelle. 1995. Actions of nitromethylenes on an α-bungarotoxin-sensitive neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Neuropharmacology 34:591-597. 1995 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Brown, K., R. K. Turner, H. Hameed, and I. Bateman. 1995. Tourism and sustainability in environmentally fragile areas: case studies from the Maldives and Nepal. Working Paper - Centre for Social & Economic Research on the Global Environment. 1995 Global; Maldives Deforestation & Devegetation; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation
Catena John, G. 1995. World prodigy oil spill restoration planning. Pages 92-93 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Petroleum Spills
Sindermann, C. J. 1995. Ocean Pollution Effects on Living Resources and Humans. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 1995 Waterborne Discharges
Russo Anthony, R. 1995. Survey of selected coral and fish assemblages near the Waianae ocean outfall, Oahu, Hawaii, 1994. Pages 896-906 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Fish; Pipelines; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Scally Douglas, R., E. Harrington John, and L. Timpe Gerald. 1995. Marine observation network for the Prince William Sound. Pages 741-749 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1995 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Petroleum Spills
McClanahan, T. R. 1995. A coral reef ecosystem-fisheries model: Impacts of fishing intensity and catch selection on reef structure and processes. Ecological Modelling 80:19-Jan. 1995 Model Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish
ANON,. 1995. Iron Baron scuttling. Australasian Ships & Ports 8:12. 1995 Australia Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Relini, M., G. Torchia, and G. Relini. 1995. Fish population patterns in a coastal artificial habitat in the north-western Mediterranean. Pages 359-368 in Biology and ecology of shallow coastal waters. Proc. 28th European marine biology symposium, Iraklio, Crete, 1993. 1995 Europe Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates
Tsuji, Y., H. Matsutomi, F. Imamura, M. Takeo, Y. Kawata, M. Matsuyama, T. Takahashi, Sunarjo, and P. Harjadi. 1995. Damage to coastal villages due to the 1992 Flores Island earthquake tsunami. Pure and Applied Geophysics 144:481-524. 1995 Field Study & Monitoring Housing
Pyburn, B. 1995. Oil spill recovery, little development but hope for the future. Work Boat World 14:30-38. 1995 Australia; South Africa Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Petroleum Spills; Remediation
Fadlallah, Y. H., K. W. Allen, and R. A. Estudillo. 1995. Mortality of shallow reef corals in the western Arabian Gulf following aerial exposure in winter. Coral Reefs 14:99-107. 1995 Saudi Arabia Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Wolanski, E., A. Norro, and B. King. 1995. Water circulation in the Gulf of Papua. Continental Shelf Research 15:185-212. 1995 Papua New Guinea Model Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Davis, D., V. Harriott, C. Macnamara, L. Roberts, and S. Austin. 1995. Conflicts in a marine protected area: scuba divers, economics, ecology and management in Julian Rocks Aquatic Reserve. Australian Parks & Recreation 31:29-35. 1995 Australia; Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Hathway, B. 1995. Deposition and diagenesis of Miocene arc-fringing platform and debris-apron carbonates, southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji. Sedimentary Geology 94:187-208. 1995 Fiji Sediment
McConnell K. E., I. E. Strand, and L. Blake-Hedges. 1995. Random utility models of recreational fishing: catching fish using a poisson process. Marine Resource Economics 10:247-261. 1995 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Popp, B. N., F. J. Sansone, T. M. Rust, and D. A. Merritt. 1995. Determination of concentration and carbon isotopic composition of dissolved methane in sediments and nearshore waters. Analytical Chemistry 67:405-411. 1995 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Clarke, J. W. 1995. Petroleum potential of the Amu Dar'ya Province, western Uzbekistan and eastern Turkmenistan. International Geology Review 36:407-415. 1995
McPhail, I. and J. E. Brodie. 1995. Science and management: the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) experience. Pages 82-83 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation
Mendonca, V. M., H. D. Klepin, and S. W. Matson. 1995. DNA helicases in recombination and repair: Construction of a ΔuvrD ΔhelD ΔrecQ mutant deficient in recombination and repair. Journal of Bacteriology 177:1326-1335. 1995 Substrate
Allingham, D. P. and D. T. Neil. 1995. The supratidal deposits and effects of coral dredging on Mud Island, Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 39:273-292. 1995 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Sediment
Delos Reyes, M. and R. Martens. 1995. Low-cost artificial reef program in the Philippines: an evaluation in the management of a tropical coastal ecosystem. Beitrage zur Palaontologie 20:6-Jan. 1995 Philippines Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Nishida, H., A. Tada, and F. Nishihira. 1995. Hydrodynamic forces on bottom-seated hemisphere in waves and currents. Pages 1484-1495 in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference. 1995 Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Water Depth & Sea Level
San Diego-McGlone, M. L., C. L. Villanoy, and P. M. Alino. 1995. Nutrient mediated stress on the marine communities of a coastal lagoon (Puerto Galera, Philippines). Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:355-366. 1995 Philippines Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton
Breen, M. 1995. New technologies and techniques in underwater science. Underwater Technology 21:43-47. 1995 Mauritius Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Sholkovitz, E. and G. T. Shen. 1995. The incorporation of rare earth elements in modern coral. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59:2749-2756. 1995 Bermuda Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Discharges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Turner, S. J. 1994. The biology and population outbreaks of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella on Indo-Pacific reefs. Pages 461-530 Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review. Vol. 32. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Marshall Islands; Philippines Review Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Snails & Conch
Szedlmayer, S. T. and R. L. Shipp. 1994. Movement and growth of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, from an artificial reef area in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:887-896. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Piscivorous Fish
Vose, F. E. and W. G. Nelson. 1994. Gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus Gmelin) feeding from artificial and natural substrate in shallow Atlantic waters of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1316-1323. 1994 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Fish; Invertebrates; Invertivorous Fish; Substrate
Morton, B. 1994. Hong Kong's coral communities status, threats and management plans. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:74-83. 1994 Review Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Stoffle, R. W., D. B. Halmo, T. W. Wagner, and J. J. Luczkovich. 1994. Reefs from space: Satellite imagery, marine ecology, and ethnography in the Dominican Republic. Human Ecology 22:355-378. 1994 Global; Dominican Republic Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Huber, M. E. 1994. An assessment of the status of the coral reefs of Papua New Guinea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:69-73. 1994 Global; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment
Hughes, T. P. 1994. Coral reef degradation: a long-term study of human and natural impacts. Pages 208-213 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Jamaica Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Reichelt, A. J. and G. B. Jones. 1994. Trace metals as tracers of dredging activity in Cleveland Bay - Field and laboratory studies. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45:1237-1257. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Chua, C. Y. Y. and L. M. Chou. 1994. The use of artificial reefs in enhancing fish communities in Singapore. Hydrobiologia 285:177-187. 1994 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ohman, M., A. Rajasuriya, and O. Linden. 1994. Three adjacent coral reefs in north-western Sri Lanka; biology and human disturbances. Pages 404-409 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Sri Lanka Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation
Rajasururiya, A. 1994. Present status of coral reefs in Sri Lanka. Pages 410-416 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Sri Lanka Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation
Searle, P. A. and T. F. Molinski. 1994. Five new alkaloids from the tropical ascidian, Lissoclinum sp. lissoclinotoxin A is chiral. Journal of Organic Chemistry 59:6600-6605. 1994 Australia
White, A. T., L. Z. Hale, Y. Renard, and L. Cortesi. 1994. Collaborative and community-based management of coral reefs: lessons from experience. Collaborative and community-based management of coral reefs: lessons from experience. 1994 South & Central America; Florida; Thailand; Indonesia; Philippines; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Christie, P., A. T. White, and D. Buhat. 1994. Community-based coral reef management on San Salvador Island, the Philippines. Society & Natural Resources 7:103-117. 1994 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Wang, GU OZ HO NG, BI NG QU AN Lu, and SO NG QI NG Quan. 1994. On the severe changes in the ecology and sedimentation of Luweitou fringing coral reefs, Hainan Island, China. Pages 293-297 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; China Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Sampaolo, A. and G. Relini. 1994. Coal ash for artificial habitats in Italy. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1277-1294. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Spanier, E. 1994. What are the characteristics of a good artificial reef for lobsters. Crustaceana 67:173-186. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Lemke, W., A. Kuijpers, G. Hoffmann, D. Milkert, and R. Atzler. 1994. The Darss Sill, hydrographic threshold in the southwestern Baltic: Late Quaternary geology and recent sediment dynamics. Continental Shelf Research 14:847-870. 1994 Germany Discharges; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bohnsack, J. A., D. E. Harper, D. B. McClellan, and M. Hulsbeck. 1994. Effects of reef size on colonization and assemblage structure of fishes at artificial reefs off southeastern Florida, U.S.A. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:796-823. 1994 Florida Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources
Bougrova, L. A. and L. Yu. Bugrov. 1994. Artificial reefs as fish-cage anchors. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1122-1136. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Fish
McCulloch, M. T., M. K. Gagan, G. E. Mortimer, A. R. Chivas, and P. J. Isdale. 1994. A high-resolution Sr/Ca and δ18O coral record from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and the 1982-1983 El Nino. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58:2747-2754. 1994 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Relini, G., N. Zamboni, F. Tixi, and G. Torchia. 1994. Patterns of sessile macrobenthos community development on an artificial reef in the Gulf of Genoa (northwestern Mediterranean). Bulletin of Marine Science 55:745-771. 1994 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Sponges
Baqueiro C., E. and R. Mendez L. 1994. Artificial reefs: an alternative to enhance Mexican littoral commercial fisheries. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1014-1020. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest
Barshaw, D. E. and E. Spanier. 1994. Anti-predator behaviors of the Mediterranean slipper lobster, Scyllarides latus. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:375-382. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
Bayle-Sempere, J. T., A. A. Ramos-Espla, and J. A. Garcia Charton. 1994. Intra-annual variability of an artificial reef fish assemblage in the marine reserve of Tabarca (Alicante, Spain, SW Mediterranean). Bulletin of Marine Science 55:824-835. 1994 Spain Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Fish
Hutchings, P. 1994. The Pacific reefs: a paradise lost? Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:1-140. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sediment
Guzman, H. M., K. A. Burns, and J. B. C. Jackson. 1994. Injury, regeneration and growth of Caribbean reef corals after a major oil spill in Panama. Marine Ecology Progress Series 105:231-242. 1994 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Petroleum Spills
Branden, K. L., D. A. Pollard, and H. A. Reimers. 1994. A review of recent artificial reef developments in Australia. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:982-994. 1994 Australia Review Artificial Habitat; Fish; Primary Production; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Brock, R. E. 1994. Beyond fisheries enhancement: artificial reefs and ecotourism. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1181-1188. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
De Sylva, D. P. 1994. Distribution and ecology of ciguatera fish poisoning in Florida, with emphasis on the Florida Keys. Bulletin of Marine Science 54:944-954. 1994 Global; Florida Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Nutrients
Moore William, H. 1994. Grounding of exxon valdez: an examination of the human and organizational factors. Marine Technology 31:41-51. 1994 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Demartini, E. E., A. M. Barnett, T. D. Johnson, and R. F. Ambrose. 1994. Growth and production estimates for biomass-dominant fishes on a southern California artificial reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:484-500. 1994 Artificial Habitat
Hutchings, P., C. Payri, and C. Gabrie. 1994. The current status of coral reef management in French Polynesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:26-33. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review Agriculture; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Non-point Source Runoff; Tourism & Recreation
Bortone, S. A., T. Martin, and C. M. Bundrick. 1994. Factors affecting fish assemblage development on a modular artificial reef in a northern Gulf of Mexico estuary. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:319-332. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish
Cummings, S. L. 1994. Colonization of a nearshore artificial reef at Boca Raton (Palm Beach County), Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1193-1215. 1994 Florida Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates
Danner, E. M., T. C. Wilson, and R. E. Schlotterbeck. 1994. Comparison of rockfish recruitment of nearshore artificial and natural reefs off the coast of central California. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:353-343. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Skeletal Coral
Hunter, C. L. and C. W. Evans. 1994. Reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: two centuries of western influence and two decades of data. Pages 339-345 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Richmond, R. H. 1994. Effects of coastal runoff on coral reproduction. Pages 360-364 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment
Roberts, C. M., N. Downing, and A. R. G. Price. 1994. Oil on troubled waters: impacts of the Gulf War on coral reefs. Pages 132-138 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait Fish; Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Glynn, P. W. 1994. State of coral reefs in the Galapagos Islands: Natural vs anthropogenic impacts. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:131-140. 1994 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Sea Urchins; Skeletal Coral
McClanahan, T. R. 1994. Kenyan coral reef lagoon fish: Effects of fishing, substrate complexity, and sea urchins. Coral Reefs 13:231-242. 1994 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Sea Urchins; Substrate
Gomez, E. D., P. M. Alino, H. T. Yap, and W. Y. Licuanan. 1994. A review of the status of Philippine reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:62-68. 1994 Review; Index or Indicator Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Pitt, R. and R. Creel. 1994. Evaluating Detention Pond Performance with Computer Modeling Verification. 1994 Model Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes
Clarke, DO UG LA S and RI CH AR D Kasul. 1994. Habitat value of offshore dredged material berms for fishery resources. Pages 938-945 in International Conference on Dredging and Dredged Material Placement. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector
Moreno, I., I. Roca, O. Renones, J. Coll, and M. Salamanca. 1994. Artificial reef program in Balearic Waters (western Mediterranean). Bulletin of Marine Science 55:667-671. 1994 Artificial Habitat
Naqvi, S. A. S. 1994. Seasonal variation in an annually-banded coral Porites: A scanning electron microscopy investigation. Marine Geology 118:187-194. 1994 Indian Ocean; India Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Hearty, P. J. and H. L. Vacher. 1994. Quaternary stratigraphy of Bermuda: A high-resolution pre-Sangamonian rock record. Quaternary Science Reviews 13:685-697. 1994 Bermuda Model; GIS & Maps Climate; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Water Depth & Sea Level
Wang, W., S. Wu, and D. Xia. 1994. The erosional process of the soft shore of China in the recent decades. Chinese Geographical Science 4:106-118. 1994 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Schuhmacher, H. and L. Schillak. 1994. Integrated electrochemical and biogenic deposition of hard material - a nature-like colonization substrate. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:672-679. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Substrate
Murray, J. D. 1994. A policy and management assessment of US artificial reef programs. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:960-969. 1994 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat
Murray, J. D. and C. J. Betz. 1994. User views of artificial reef management in the southeastern U.S. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:970-981. 1994 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries
Fabi, G. and L. Fiorentini. 1994. Comparison between an artificial reef and a control site in the Adriatic Sea: analysis of four years of monitoring. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:538-558. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs
Basiago, A. D. 1994. Sustainable development in tropical forest ecosystems. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 1:34-40. 1994 South & Central America; Thailand; Papua New Guinea; Mexico Model Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Forestry
Nelson, W. G., D. M. Savercool, T. E. Neth, and J. R. Rodda. 1994. A comparison of the fouling community development on stabilized oil- ash and concrete reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1303-1315. 1994 Florida Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Dollar, S. 1994. Sewage discharge on coral reefs: not always pollution. Coral Reefs 13:224. 1994 Discharges
Sebens K.P. 1994. Biodiversity of coral reefs: what are we losing and why? American Zoologist 34:115-133. 1994 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Avsar, N., D. Basso, S. Spezzaferri, H. Koral, and V. Yanko. 1994. Cruise AVI-II 93: Preliminary data from the Iskenderun Bay (Turkey) [Crociera AVI-II 93: Dati preliminari dalla Baia di Iskenderun (Turchia)]. Rendiconti Lincei 5:233-245. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roberts, H. H. and P. Aharon. 1994. Hydrocarbon-derived carbonate buildups of the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope: A review of submersible investigations. Geo-Marine Letters 14:135-148. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Review Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Omar, R. M. N. R. 1994. Design and construction of artificial reefs in Malaysia. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1050-1061. 1994 Malaysia Artificial Habitat; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Palmer-Zwahlen, M. L. and D. A. Aseltine. 1994. Successional development of the turf community on a quarry rock artificial reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:902-923. 1994 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Light
Pamintuan, I. S., P. M. Alino, E. D. Gomez, and R. N. Rollon. 1994. Early successional patterns of invertebrates in artificial reefs established at clear and silty areas in Bolinao, Pangasinan, northern Philippines. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:867-877. 1994 Philippines Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates
Thomas, P. M. E. 1994. Everglades nutrient removal project. Pages 27-Nov in Proc. conference on explosives and blasting technique, Austin Texas, 1994. 1994 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Chang Gil, KI M, LE E Jeong Woo, and PA RK Joo Suck. 1994. Artificial reef designs for Korean coastal waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:858-866. 1994 Cuba Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish
Chih-Shin, SH IE H and I. W. Duedall. 1994. Chemical behavior of stabilized oil ash artificial reef at sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1295-1302. 1994 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat
West, J. E., R. M. Buckley, and D. C. Doty. 1994. Ecology and habitat use of juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) associated with artificial reefs in Puget Sound, Washington. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:344-350. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Substrate
Haroun, R. J. 1994. Environmental description of an artificial reef site in Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) prior to reef placement. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:932-938. 1994 Spain Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Nutrients
Hughes, T. P. 1994. Catastrophes, Phase Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265:1547-1551. 1994 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Pathogens; Storms & Hurricanes
Ehrlich, R., R. J. Wenning, G. W. Johnson, S. H. Su, and D. J. Paustenbach. 1994. A mixing model for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in surface sediments from Newark Bay, New Jersey using polytopic vector analysis. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27:486-500. 1994 Model Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Foster, K. L., F. W. Steimle, W. C. Muir, R. K. Kropp, and B. E. Conlin. 1994. Mitigation potential of habitat replacement: concrete artificial reef in Delaware Bay - preliminary results. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:783-795. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mitigation
Gomez-Buckley, M. C. and R. J. Haroun. 1994. Artificial reefs in the Spanish coastal zone. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1021-1028. 1994 Europe Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Pondella II, D. J. and J. S. Stephens Jr. 1994. Factors affecting the abundance of juvenile fish species on a temperate artificial reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1216-1223. 1994 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish
Macdonald, J. M. 1994. Artificial reef debate: habitat enhancement or waste disposal? Ocean Development and International Law 25:87-118. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Prove, B. G., T. J. McShane, J. R. Reghenzani, J. D. Armour, S. Sen, and P. W. Moody. 1994. Nutrient loss via drainage from the major agricultural industries on the wet tropical coast of Queensland. in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1994 Australia Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Markevich, A. I. 1994. Species composition and ecological characteristics of the fishes of artificial habitats in Peter the Great Bay, the Sea of Japan. Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 20:222-228. 1994 Japan Artificial Habitat; Fish; Seagrasses; Substrate
Hovland, M., P. F. Croker, and M. Martin. 1994. Fault-associated seabed mounds (carbonate knolls?) off western Ireland and north-west Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 11:232-246. 1994 Australia Calcareous Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bell, P. R. F. and T. Tomascik. 1994. The demise of the fringing coral reefs of Barbados and of regions in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon - impacts of eutrophication. Pages 319-325 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Sassen, R., G. A. Cole, R. Drozd, and H. H. Roberts. 1994. Oligocene to Holocene hydrocarbon migration and salt-dome carbonates, northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine and Petroleum Geology 11:55-65. 1994 South & Central America; Mexico Microorganisms
Coffen-Smout, S. 1994. Perspectives on ocean management in Niue. Pages 227-255 Ocean yearbook. Vol. 11. 1994 Niue Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Stephens Jr, J. S., P. A. Morris, D. J. Pondella, T. A. Koonce, and G. A. Jordan. 1994. Overview of the dynamics of an urban artificial reef fish assemblage at King Harbor, California, USA, 1974-1991: a recruitment driven system. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1224-1239. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Plankton; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection
Bohnsack, J. A. 1994. The impacts of fishing on coral reefs. Pages 196-200 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Brown, B. E., M. D. Le Tissier, R. P. Dunne, and T. P. Scoffin. 1994. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances of intertidal reefs of SE Phuket, Thailand 1979-1992. Pages 279-285 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Thailand Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Byron, G. 1994. Impacts of cyclone-induced floods on fringing reefs: case study of Keppel Bay, Queensland, Australia. Pages 326-332 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chansang, H. and N. Phongsuwan. 1994. Health of fringing reefs of Asia through a decade of change: a case history from Phuket Island, Thailand. Pages 286-292 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Thailand Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Cook, C. B., R. E. Dodge, and S. R. Smith. 1994. Fifty years of impacts on coral reefs in Bermuda. Pages 160-166 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Bermuda Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Stony Coral
Frappa, M. and M. Pujos. 1994. Late quaternary evolution of the French Guiana continental shelf: Evidence from 3.5 kHz data. Marine Geology 121:231-245. 1994 Discharges; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cocks, K. D. and B. H. Walker. 1994. Contribution of \sustainability' criteria to social perceptions of land use options". Land Degradation & Rehabilitation 5:143-151. 1994 Australia Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning
Budd, A. F., K. O. Mann, and H. M. Guzman. 1993. Environmental interpretation using insoluble residues within reef coral skeletons: problems, pitfalls, and preliminary results. Coral Reefs 12:31-42. 1993 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Deforestation & Devegetation; Sediment; Stony Coral
Gibbs, R. J. 1993. Metals of the bottom muds in Townsville Harbor, Australia. Environmental Pollution 81:297-300. 1993 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors
Sheppard, C. R. C. 1993. Physical environment of the Gulf relevant to marine pollution: An overview. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:8-Mar. 1993 Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Waterborne Discharges
Molenaar, N. and A. A. M. Venmans. 1993. Calcium carbonate cementation of sand: A method for producing artificially cemented samples for geotechnical testing and a comparison with natural cementation processes. Engineering Geology 35:103-122. 1993 Lab Study; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Hall, S. J., M. R. Robertson, D. J. Basford, and S. D. Heaney. 1993. The possible effects of fishing disturbance in the northern North Sea: An analysis of spatial patterns in community structure around a wreck. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 31:201-208. 1993 Finfish Harvest; Sediment
Gittings, S. R., T. J. Bright, and D. K. Hagman. 1993. The M/V Wellwood and other large vessel groundings: coral reef damage and recovery. Pages 174-180 Miami, FL. 1993 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding
Readman, J. W., L. L. W. Kwong, D. Grondin, J. Bartocci, J.-P. Villeneuve, and L. D. Mee. 1993. Coastal water contamination from a triazine herbicide used in antifouling paints. Environmental Science and Technology 27:1940-1942. 1993 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Burns, K. A., M. G. Ehrhardt, B. L. Howes, and C. D. Taylor. 1993. Subtidal benthic community respiration and production near the heavily oiled Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:199-205. 1993 Saudi Arabia Algae; Light; Petroleum Spills; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Jones, G. W. 1993. Population, environment and sustainable development in Indonesia. Majalah Demografi Indonesia 20:20-Jan. 1993 Java; Indonesia Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation
Gable, F. J. 1993. Marine habitats: selected environmental and ecological charts. Pages 217-261 Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 GIS & Maps Molluscs; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Maul, G. A. 1993. Implications of future climate on the ecosystems and socio-economic structure in the marine and coastal regions of the intra-Americas sea. Pages 28-Mar Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 Global; South & Central America; Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Green, R. H. 1993. Application of repeated measures designs in environmental impact and monitoring studies. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:81-98. 1993 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills
Greene, L. E. and J. M. Shenker. 1993. The effects of human activity on the temporal variability of coral reef fish assemblages in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 3:189-205. 1993 Cuba Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Brown, B. E., M. D. Tissier, R. P. Dunne, and T. P. Scoffin. 1993. Natural and anthropogenic disturbances on intertidal reefs of S.E. Phuket, Thailand 1979-1992. Pages 279-285 Miami, FL. 1993 Thailand Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pirazzoli, P. A. 1993. Coasts: their evolution [Les littoraux: leur evolution]. (Coasts: their evolution. 1993 Global Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Harris, P. T., E. K. Baker, A. R. Cole, and S. A. Short. 1993. A preliminary study of sedimentation in the tidally dominated Fly River Delta, Gulf of Papua. Continental Shelf Research 13:441-472. 1993 Model Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Walters, C. J. 1993. Dynamic models and large scale field experiments in environmental impact assessment and management. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:53-61. 1993 Florida; Australia; Columbia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. 1993 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Docks & Marinas; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Chang-Feng, DA I. 1993. Patterns of coral distribution and benthic space partitioning on the fringing reefs of southern Taiwan. Marine Ecology 14:185-204. 1993 Taiwan Algae; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastal Zone'93. Pages 2415-3512 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastlines of Japan II. in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Japan Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Housing; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Polunin, N. V. C. and C. M. Roberts. 1993. Greater biomass and value of target coral-reef fishes in two small Caribbean marine reserves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 100:167-176. 1993 South & Central America; Antilles; Belize; Caribbean GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Demartini, E. E. 1993. Modeling the potential of fishery reserves for managing Pacific coral reef fishes. Fishery Bulletin 91:414-427. 1993 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Priced, A. R. G. 1993. The Gulf: Human impacts and management initiatives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:17-27. 1993 Global; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal
Robert Pitt and K. Dunkers. 1993. Lake Water Quality Improvements from Treatment of Stormwater Using the Flow Balancing Method, 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. Anaheim, CA. October 1993.; Detecting Water Quality Trends from Stormwater Discharge Reductions, Engineerin. in 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. 1993 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level
Leinfelder, R. and H. Seyfried. 1993. Sea level change: a philosophical approach. Geologische Rundschau 82:159-172. 1993 Global Model Climate; CO2; Coal Mining; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Special Use Permitting; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gabric, A. J. and P. R. F. Bell. 1993. Review of the effects of non-point nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:261-283. 1993 Review Discharges; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Remediation; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Bruno, MI CH AE L. 1993. Laboratory testing of an artificial reef erosion control device. Pages 2147-2154 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Lab Study; Model Artificial Habitat; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Medeiros, C. and B. Kjerfve. 1993. Hydrology of a Tropical Estuarine System: Itamaraca, Brazil. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 36:495-515. 1993 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Discharges; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Wetlands
[No author name available]. 1993. 11th Australasian Conference on Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Pages 429-726 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bode, LA NC E, LU CI AN O Mason, and TH OM AS Hardy. 1993. Application of numerical modelling to the prediction of dredge plume movement. Pages 379-384 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Model Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Xia, DO NG XI NG, WE NH AI Wang, GU IQ IU Wu, JI NR UI Cui, and FU LI N Li. 1993. Coastal erosion in China. Acta Geographica Sinica 48:468-476. 1993 China Discharges; Housing; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Guzman, H. M. and I. Holst. 1993. Effects of chronic oil-sediment pollution on the reproduction of the Caribbean reef coral Siderastrea siderea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 26:276-282. 1993 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral
Watson, R. A. and C. T. Turnbull. 1993. Migration and growth of two tropical penaeid shrimps within Torres Strait, northern Australia. Fisheries Research 17:353-368. 1993 Australia Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Pope, D. L., T. F. Moslow, and J. B. Wagner. 1993. Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf. Ocean and Coastal Management 20:121-145. 1993 GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pipelines; Sediment
Chavez, ER NE ST O and JO HN Tunnell. 1993. Needs for management and conservation of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 2040-2053 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 South & Central America; Mexico Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Saila, S. B., V. L. Kocic, and J. W. McManus. 1993. Modelling the effects of destructive fishing practices on tropical coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 94:51-60. 1993 Philippines Review; Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nozaki, K., K. Kato, A. Negishi, and K. Onda. 1993. Technologies to suppress the greenhouse gas through coral reefs. Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho/Bulletin of the Electrotechnical Laboratory 57:176-192. 1993 Review CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Alongi, D. M., F. Tirendi, and P. Christoffersen. 1993. Sedimentary profiles and sediment-water solute exchange of iron and manganese in reef- and river-dominated shelf regions of the Coral Sea. Continental Shelf Research 13:287-305. 1993 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barton, C. E., M. Lackie, and F. M. Peerdeman. 1993. Environmental control of magnetic properties of upper-slope sediments near the Great Barrier Reef: results from Leg 133, Site 820. Proc., scientific results, ODP, Leg 133, northeast Australian margin 543-562. 1993 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Caley, M. J. 1993. Predation, recruitment and the dynamics of communities of coral-reef fishes. Marine Biology 117:33-43. 1993 Artificial Habitat
Van der Knaap, M. 1993. Physical damage to corals caused by trap-fishing on reefs of Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. Environmental Conservation 20:265-267. 1993 Antilles Finfish Harvest; Physical Damage
Letourneur, Y., M. Harmelin-Vivien, and R. Galzin. 1993. Impact of hurricane Firinga on fish community structure on fringing reefs of Reunion Island, S.W. Indian Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes 37:109-120. 1993 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes
Pathirana, C., W. Fenical, E. Corcoran, and J. Clardy. 1993. Erythrodiene: A new spirobicyclic sesquiterpene of a rare skeletal class from the Caribbean gorgonian coral Erythropodium caribaeorum. Tetrahedron Letters 34:3371-3372. 1993 South & Central America; Caribbean Octocoral
Milliman, J. D. 1993. Coral reefs and their response to global climate change. Pages 306-321 Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 Global Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Pathogens
Wood, K. A. 1993. The avian population of an urban bushland reserve at Wollongong, New South Wales: implications for management. Landscape and Urban Planning 23:81-95. 1993 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Wetlands
Kuo, J., W. Lee Long, and R. G. Coles. 1993. Occurrence and fruit and seed biology of Halophila tricostata Greenway (Hydrocharitaceae). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:43-57. 1993 Australia Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Reichelt, A. J. and G. B. Jones. 1993. Characterization and fate of suspended sediments associated with dredging activities in Cleveland Bay. Pages 385-390 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Planes, S. 1993. Impact of tourism-related fishing on Tridacna maxima (Mollusca, Bivalvia) stocks in Bora-Bora Lagoon (French Polynesia). Atoll Research Bulletin 1993 Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Donoghue, J. F. 1993. Late Wisconsinan and Holocene depositional history, northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Marine Geology 112:185-205. 1993 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hajdas, I., S. D. Ivy, J. Beer, G. Bonani, D. Imboden, A. F. Lotter, M. Sturm, and M. Suter. 1993. AMS radiocarbon dating and varve chronology of Lake Soppensee: 6000 to 12000 14C years BP. Climate Dynamics 9:107-116. 1993 France Sediment
Wolanski, E., B. Delesalle, V. Dufour, and A. Aubanel. 1993. Modeling the fate of pollutants in the Tiahura Lagoon, Moorea, French Polynesia. Pages 583-588 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1993 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Baker, D. J. 1993. Sustainable development and NOAA's special role in meeting national goals. Marine Technology Society Journal 27:49-54. 1993 Fishing Sector; Waterborne Discharges; Whales & Dolphins
Stasiuk, L. D. 1993. Algal bloom episodes and the formation of bituminite and micrinite in hydrocarbon source rocks: evidence from the Devonian and Mississippian, northern Williston Basin, Canada. International Journal of Coal Geology 24:195-210. 1993 Index or Indicator Algae; Microorganisms; Sediment
Ross, D. J. and P. W. Skelton. 1993. Rudist formations of the Cretaceous: a palaeoecological, sedimentological and stratigraphical review. Pages 73-91 Sedimentology review/1. 1993 Review Sediment
Arakel, A. V., T. Loder, D. McConchie, and C. Pailles. 1993. Environmental consequences of land degradation in coastal drainage basins of north Queensland, Australia: influence of farming practices. Land Degradation & Rehabilitation 4:99-112. 1993 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Oldale, R. N., S. M. Colman, and G. A. Jones. 1993. Radiocarbon Ages from Two Submerged Strandline Features in the Western Gulf of Maine and a Sea-Level Curve for the Northeastern Massachusetts Coastal Region. Quaternary Research 40:38-45. 1993 Global Discharges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Holland, K. N., J. D. Peterson, C. G. Lowe, and B. M. Wetherbee. 1993. Movements, distribution and growth rates of the white goatfish Mulloides flavolineatus in a fisheries conservation zone. Bulletin of Marine Science 52:982-992. 1993 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
van der Laan, J. D. and P. Hogeweg. 1992. Waves of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks -where do they come from? Coral Reefs 11:207-213. 1992 Australia Artificial Habitat; Seastars
Spadoni Richard, H. 1992. Monitoring of the 1988 Boca Raton beach nourishment project. Pages 120-136 in [No source information available]. 1992 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mitigation; Special Use Permitting
Andreason, M. W. 1992. Coastal siliciclastic sabkhas and related evaporative environments of the Permian Yates Formation, North Ward-Estes field, Ward County, Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 76:1735-1759. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring Water Depth & Sea Level
Jensen, P. 1992. \Bubbling reefs' in the Kattegat: submarine landscapes of carbonate- cemented rocks support a diverse ecosystem at methane seeps". Marine Ecology Progress Series 83:103-112. 1992 Algae; Bivalves; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Sediment; Sponges
Kennedy, C. J., N. J. Gassman, and P. J. Walsh. 1992. The fate of benzo[a]pyrene in the scleractinian corals Favia fragum and Montastrea annularis. Marine Biology 113:313-318. 1992 Florida Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Done, T. J. 1992. Phase shifts in coral reef communities and their ecological significance. Hydrobiologia 247:121-132. 1992 Review; Model Algae; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Dawson Shepherd, A. R., R. M. Warwick, K. R. Clarke, and B. E. Brown. 1992. An analysis of fish community responses to coral mining in the Maldives. Environmental Biology of Fishes 33:367-380. 1992 Maldives Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish
Wehmiller, J. F., L. L. York, D. F. Belknap, and S. W. Snyder. 1992. Theoretical correlations and lateral discontinuities in the Quaternary aminostratigraphic record of the U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain. Quaternary Research 38:275-291. 1992 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model
Gittings, S. 1992. Historica data on Gulf of Mexico reef shows compatibility with drilling, production. OFFSHORE, INCORPORATING THE OILMAN 52:33-34+36. 1992 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Keats, D. 1992. Sodwana Bay: a coral paradise. African Wildlife 46:124-125. 1992 Fish; Hydrocoral; Invertebrate Harvest; Octocoral; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Reitano, G. 1992. Subaqueous geomorphological survey of the coast between Punta Priola and Arenella village, north of Palermo north-western Sicily [Rilevamento geomorfologico subacqueo del litorale compreso tra Punta Priola e la borgata Arenella, a nord di Palermo (Sicilia. Giornale di Geologia 54:103-114. 1992 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector
Dykens, J. A., J. M. Shick, C. Benoit, G. R. Buettner, and G. W. Winston. 1992. Oxygen radical production in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and its endosymbiotic algae. Journal of Experimental Biology 168:219-241. 1992 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Oda, S. 1992. Prehistoric culture in the region washed by the Kuroshio Current. Quaternary Research (Tokyo) 31:409-420. 1992 Japan; Taiwan Finfish Harvest; Snails & Conch
Gobert, B. 1992. Impact of the use of trammelnets on a tropical reef resource. Fisheries Research 13:353-367. 1992 South & Central America; Martinique; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Wolanski, E., R. Gibbs, P. Ridd, and A. Mehta. 1992. Settling of ocean-dumped dredged material, Townsville, Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 35:473-489. 1992 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Spanier, E. and G. Almong-Shtayer. 1992. Shelter preferences in the Mediterranean slipper lobster: Effects of physical properties. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 164:103-116. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish
IEPIECA (International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association). 1992. Biological impacts of oil pollution: coral reefs. London, UK. 1992 Global Petroleum Spills
Weerakkody, U. 1992. The Holocene coasts of Sri Lanka. Geographical Journal 158:300-306. 1992 Sri Lanka Coastal Development; Water Depth & Sea Level
Levitan, D. R. 1992. Community structure in times past: influence of human fishing pressure on algal-urchin interactions. Ecology 73:1597-1605. 1992 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Sea Urchins
NOAA. 1992. Oil spill case histories 1967-1991: summaries of significant U.S. and international spills. Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, Seattle, Washington. 1992 Coastal Defense; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Petroleum Spills
Dasinger, AN DR EW and DO NA LD Galya. 1992. Application for a mixing zone authorization for the ocean discharge of once-through cooling water in Puerto Rico. Pages 605-610 in National Conference on Environmental Engineering. 1992 Puerto Rico Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Special Use Permitting
NOAA: Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division. 1992. Oil Spill Case Histories: Summaries of Significant U.S. and International Spills. 1992 Petroleum Spills
Fautin, D. G., D. J. Futuyma, and F. C. James. 1992. Annual review of ecology and systematics. Volume 23. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1992 Global Review; Model Landscape Changes
Triffleman, N. J., P. Hallock, and A. C. Hine. 1992. Morphology, sediments, and depositional environments of a small carbonate platform: Serranilla Bank, Nicaraguan Rise, southwest Caribbean Sea. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 62:591-606. 1992 South & Central America; Cuba; Nicaragua; Caribbean Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Sponges
Collins, K. J., A. C. Jensen, and A. P. M. Lockwood. 1992. Stability of a coal waste artificial reef. Chemistry & Ecology 6:79-93. 1992 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs
Kuang-Lung, FA N. 1992. The thermal discharges from nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Chemistry & Ecology 6:213-224. 1992 Taiwan Discharges; Fishing Sector; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Davis Jr, R. A., A. C. Hine, and E. A. Shinn. 1992. Holocene coastal development on the Florida peninsula. Pages 193-212 Quaternary coasts of the United States. 1992 Florida Coastal Development; Mangroves; Sediment
Te, F. T. 1992. The effects of Dursban insecticide on Pocillopora damicornis (Cnidaria Scleractinia). University of Guam, Guam. 1992 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Vacher, H. L., M. J. Wightman, and M. T. Stewart. 1992. Hydrology of meteoric diagenesis: effect of Pleistocene stratigraphy on freshwater lenses of Big Pine Key, Florida. Pages 213-219 Quaternary coasts of the United States. 1992 Florida Model Discharges
Bourdy, G., P. Cabalion, P. Amade, and D. Laurent. 1992. Traditional remedies used in the Western Pacific for the treatment of ciguatera poisoning. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 36:163-174. 1992 US Pacific & Hawaii Finfish Harvest; Fish
McClanahan, T. R. 1992. Resource utilization, competition, and predation: a model and example from coral reef grazers. Ecological Modelling 61:195-215. 1992 Review; Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Boc Jr. Stanley, J., J. Reynold William, and M. Dobinchick Jasmina. 1992. Coastal processes and engineering on a micronesian fringing reef. Pages 285-302 in [No source information available]. 1992 Micronesia Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation; Mitigation; Sediment
Goreau, T. J. 1992. Bleaching and reef community change in Jamaica: 1951-1991. American Zoologist 32:683-695. 1992 Jamaica Algae; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes
Fritzinger Scott, A. 1992. Subaqueous disposal area development and mitigation. Pages 728-744 in [No source information available]. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mitigation; Wetlands
Wendte, J., F. A. Stoakes, and C. V. Campbell. 1992. Devonian-early Mississippian carbonates of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: a sequence stratigraphic framework. Devonian-early Mississippian carbonates of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: a sequence stratigraphic framework. 1992 Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guzman, H. M. and C. E. Jimenez. 1992. Contamination of coral reefs by heavy metals along the Caribbean coast of Central America (Costa Rica and Panama). Marine Pollution Bulletin 24:554-561. 1992 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dennis, D. M. 1992. Severe mortality in a breeding population of ornate rock lobster Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius) at Yule Island, Papua New. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 162:143-158. 1992 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Stafford-Smith, M.G. 1992. Mortality of the hard coral Leptoria phrygia under persistent sediment influx. Pages 289-99 in Proceedings of the 7th International Coral Reef Symposium. 1992 Coastal Development; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Stony Coral
Herrera, A. and J. B. C. Jackson. 1992. Environmental versus taxonomic variation in lophophore morphology of Panamanian cheilostome bryozoans. Marine Biology 112:99-106. 1992 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Stoffle Richard, W., B. Halmo David, W. Wagner Thomas, J. Luczkovich Joseph, and RA YM ON D Laurin. 1992. Monitoring coastal impacts of global warming: A Dominican Republic case study. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:845-853. 1992 Global; Dominican Republic Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Collot, J.-Y., S. Lallemand, B. Pelletier, J.-P. Bissen, G. Glacon, M. A. Fisher, H. G. Greene, J. Boulin, J. Daniel, and M. Monzier. 1992. Geology of the d'Entrecasteaux-New Hebrides arc collision zone: results from a deep submersible survey. Tectonophysics 212. 1992 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Navarra, L. 1992. The island of San Pietro [L'isola di S. Pietro]. Universo 72:64-75. 1992 Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Watanabe, J. M. and C. Harrold. 1991. Destructive grazing by sea urchins Strongylocentrotus spp. in a central California kelp forest: potential roles of recruitment, depth, and predation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 71:125-141. 1991 Algae; Deforestation & Devegetation; Invertebrates; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
Tietjen, J. H. 1991. Ecology of free-living nematodes from the continental shelf of the central great barrier reef province. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 32:421-438. 1991 Australia Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Sediment; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fan, K. L. 1991. The thermal effluent problems of three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Pages 393-403 Oceanography of Asian marginal seas. 1991 Taiwan Discharges; Fishing Sector
Eklund, A.-M. and T. E. Targett. 1991. Seasonality of fish catch rates and species composition from the hard bottom trap fishery in the Middle Atlantic Bight (US east coast). Fisheries Research 12:22-Jan. 1991 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Acevedo, R. 1991. Preliminary observations on effects of pesticides carbaryl, naphthol, and chlorpyrifos on planulae of the hermatypic coral Pocillopora damicornis. Pacific Science 45:287-289. 1991 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Stony Coral
Adey, W. H. and K. Loveland. 1991. Dynamic aquaria: building living ecosystems. Dynamic aquaria: building living ecosystems. 1991 Australia Model Domestic Animal Waste; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Wetlands
Dipper, F. and F. Pearce. 1991. Earth, air, fire, water, oil and war. BBC Wildlife 9:190-195. 1991 Kuwait Mangroves; Whales & Dolphins
Susic, M., K. Boto, and P. Isdale. 1991. Fluorescent humic acid bands in coral skeletons originate from terrestrial runoff. Marine Chemistry 33:91-104. 1991 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kennard, J. M. 1991. Lower Cambrian archaeocyathan buildups, Todd River Dolomite, northeast Amadeus Basin, central Australia: sedimentology and diagenesis. Bulletin - Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology & Geophysics, Australia 236:195-225. 1991 Australia Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Stobbs, R. E. and M. N. Bruton. 1991. The fishery of the Comoros, with comments on its possible impact on coelacanth survival. Environmental Biology of Fishes 32:341-359. 1991 Comoros Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Camp, S. L. 1991. Population, poverty, and pollution. Forum for Applied Research & Public Policy 6:17-May. 1991 Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Liddle, M. J. 1991. Recreation ecology: Effects of trampling on plants and corals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6:13-17. 1991 Review Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Patncio Ojeda, F. 1991. Feeding ecology of benthic mobile predators: Experimental analyses of their influence in rocky subtidal communities of the Gulf of Maine. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 149:13-44. 1991 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Echinoderms; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Sea Urchins
Frease, R. A. and J. G. Windsor Jr. 1991. Behaviour of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with stabilized oil and coal ash artificial reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22:15-19. 1991 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Branan William, V., ZE IT LI N Hale Lynne, and KA SE M Srinian. 1991. What future for Phuket? Pages 1713-1719 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Thailand Resource Use Management; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Clague, D. A. and J. G. Moore. 1991. Geology and petrology of Mahukona Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of Volcanology 53:159-172. 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Water Depth & Sea Level
Meganck, R. A. 1991. Coastal parks as development catalysts: A caribbean example. Ocean and Shoreline Management 15:25-36. 1991 South & Central America; Caribbean Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade
Sandner, G. and B. Ratter. 1991. Topographical problem areas in the delimitation of maritime boundaries and their political relevance: Case studies from the Western Caribbean. Ocean and Shoreline Management 15:289-308. 1991 South & Central America; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Caribbean Coastal Development; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guzman, H. M., J. B. C. Jackson, and E. Weil. 1991. Short-term ecological consequences of a major oil spill on Panamanian subtidal reef corals. Coral Reefs 10:12-Jan. 1991 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Solid Waste Disposal; Stony Coral
Bunpapong, SI RI KU L and SO MP ON G Ausavajitanond. 1991. Saving what's left of tourism development at Patong beach, Phuket, Thailand. Pages 1685-1697 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Thailand Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Recksiek, C. W., R. S. Appeldoorn, and R. G. Turingan. 1991. Studies of fish traps as stock assessment devices on a shallow reef in south-western Puerto Rico. Fisheries Research 10:177-197. 1991 Puerto Rico Model Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Al-Madany, I. M., M. A. Abdalla, and A. S. E. Abdu. 1991. Coastal zone management in Bahrain: An analysis of social, economic and environmental impacts of dredging and reclamation. Journal of Environmental Management 32:335-348. 1991 Bahrain Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, and T. Adamson. 1991. Effects of a phosphate ship grounding on a Red Sea coral reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22:538-542. 1991 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Nutrients; Sediment
Sullivan, P. K. and V. Dayananda. 1991. Engineering management considerations in coastal development. Page 1430 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients
Tiffin, D. L. 1991. Marine mineral development activities within the SOPAC region. Page 1474 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Monetary Valuation
Muzik, K. 1991. Coral grief. Technology Review 94:60-67. 1991 Global Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sea Temperatures; Tourism & Recreation
LeProvost, M. I. and D. M. Gordon. 1991. Oilfield development and protection of natural resources within the tropical marine environment of the Rowley Shelf, Northwest Australia. Pages 527-540 in SPE Asia Pacific Conference. 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills
Humphery-Smith, I., Y. H. Thong, D. Moorhouse, C. Creevey, M. Gauci, and B. Stone. 1991. Reactions to argasid tick bites by island residents on the Great Barrier Reef. Medical Journal of Australia 155:181-186. 1991 Australia Arthropods; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light; Marine Birds
Keller, B, D. and J. B. C. Jackson. 1991. Long-term assessment of the oil spill at Bahia Las Minas, Panama interim report, volume I: executive summary. OCS Study MMS 90-0030, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, New Orleans, LA. 1991 Panama Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Ahmed, F. E. 1991. Naturally occurring seafood toxins. Journal of Toxicology - Toxin Reviews 10:263-287. 1991 Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Hanna Rifaat, G. M. 1991. Available data for management of the Egyptian Red Sea coastal areas. Pages 3433-3445 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Egypt Mangroves; Mining Policies; Petroleum Spills
Hawker, D. W., and D. W. Connell. 1991. Standards and criteria for pollution control in coral reef areas. Pages 169-188 Pollution in Tropical Aquatic Systems. CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 1991 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment
Taviani, M., P. Bouchet, B. Metivier, M. Fontugne, and G. Delibrias. 1991. Intermediate steps of southwards faunal shifts testified by last glacial submerged thanatocoenoses in the Atlantic ocean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 86:331-338. 1991 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Dredging, Draining, & Filling
McPherson, G. R. 1991. Reproductive biology of yellowfin tuna in the eastern Australian fishing zone, with special reference to the north-western Coral Sea. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 42:465-477. 1991 Australia Finfish Harvest
Palaganas Virgilio, P. 1991. Anchor damage on the coral reef of Sombrero, Island, Batangas, Philippines. Pages 3318-3329 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Philippines Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Tourism & Recreation
Selin, N. I. 1991. The role of molluscs in the formation of fouling community on supports of oil platforms in the South China Sea. Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 4:90-94. 1991 China Artificial Habitat; Molluscs; Oil & Gas Rigs; Stony Coral
White Alan, T. and NE LS ON Lopez. 1991. Coastal resources management planning and implementation for the Fishery Sector Program of the Philippines. Pages 762-775 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Cultural Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Rountree, R. A. 1990. Community structure of fishes attracted to shallow water fish aggregation devices off South Carolina, U.S.A. Environmental Biology of Fishes 29:241-262. 1990 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Fish; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Woolhiser, D. A., R. E. Smith, and D. C. Goodrich. 1990. KINEROS, A kinematic runoff and erosion model: Documentation and user manual. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS-77. 1990 Model Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Peckol, P., S. C. Levings, and S. D. Garrity. 1990. Kelp response following the World Prodigy oil spill. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21:473-476. 1990 Petroleum Spills
Forrester, G. E. 1990. Factors influencing the juvenile demography of a coral reef fish. Ecology 71:1666-1681. 1990 Australia Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Supplemental Feeding
Spanier, E., M. Tom, S. Pisanty, and G. Almog-Shtayer. 1990. Artificial reefs in the low productive marine environments of the southeastern Mediterranean. Marine Ecology 11:61-75. 1990 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish
Blaber, S. J. M., D. A. Milton, N. J. F. Rawlinson, G. Tiroba, and P. V. Nichols. 1990. Diets of lagoon fishes of the Solomon Islands: Predators of tuna baitfish and trophic effects of baitfishing on the subsistence fishery. Fisheries Research 8:263-286. 1990 Solomon Islands Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Moore, J. G., D. A. Clague, K. R. Ludwig, and R. K. Mark. 1990. Subsidence and volcanism of the Haleakala Ridge, Hawaii. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 42:273-284. 1990 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Key Jr, M. M. 1990. Intracolony variation in skeletal growth rates in Paleozoic ramose trepostome bryozoans. Paleobiology 16:483-491. 1990
Wolanski, E., Y. Mazda, B. King, and S. Gay. 1990. Dynamics, flushing and trapping in Hinchinbrook channel, a giant mangrove swamp, Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 31:555-579. 1990 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquaculture; Discharges; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Uda, TA KA AK I. 1990. Damages caused by storm surges in Maldives. NIST Special Publication 796:431-433. 1990 Indian Ocean; Maldives; India Coastal Development; Storms & Hurricanes
Emelyanov, E. M., I. N. Elnikov, E. S. Trimonis, and G. S. Kharin. 1990. Geology of the Sierra Leone Rise. Geologische Rundschau 79:823-848. 1990 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Matthews, K. R. 1990. An experimental study of the habitat preferences and movement patterns of copper, quillback, and brown rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). Environmental Biology of Fishes 29:161-178. 1990 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Reichelt, R. E., W. Greve, R. H. Bradbury, and P. J. Moran. 1990. Acanthaster planci outbreak initiation: A starfish-coral site model. Ecological Modelling 49:153-177. 1990 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Non-point Source Runoff; Seastars; Stony Coral
Gamser, M., H. Appleton, and N. Carter. 1990. Tinker, tiller, technical change: technologies from the people. Tinker, tiller, technical change: technologies from the people. 1990 Nicaragua; Venezuela; Kenya; Tanzania; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Building & Home Construction; Finfish Harvest; Housing
Jokiel, P. L. and S. L. Coles. 1990. Response of Hawaiian and other Indo-Pacific reef corals to elevated temperature. Coral Reefs 8:155-162. 1990 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Light; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Zooxanthellae
Neil, D. 1990. Potential for Coral stress due to sediment resuspension and deposition by reef walkers. Biological Conservation 52:221-227. 1990 Australia Sediment; Trampling
Fairbanks, R. G. 1990. The age and origin of the \Younger Dryas climate event' in Greenland ice cores". Paleoceanography 5:937-948. 1990 Europe Climate; Discharges
Vora, K. H. and F. Almeida. 1990. Submerged reef systems on the central western continental shelf of India. Marine Geology 91:255-262. 1990 India Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Water Depth & Sea Level
Foster, M. S., J. A. Tarpley, and S. L. Dearn. 1990. To clean or not to clean: the rationale, methods, and consequences of removing oil from temperate shores. Northwest Environmental Journal 6:105-120. 1990 Review Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Tourism & Recreation
Tribble, G. W., F. J. Sansone, and S. V. Smith. 1990. Stoichiometric modeling of carbon diagenesis within a coral reef framework. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54:2439-2449. 1990 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Nutrients
Johnston, A. J. and H. F. Bock. 1990. Sub-seabed electrodeposition: foundation and anchoring enhancement. Geotechnique 40:503-508. 1990 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Calcium Carbonate Deposition
Klein, R., Y. Loya, G. Gvirtzman, P. J. Isdale, and M. Susic. 1990. Seasonal rainfall in the Sinai Desert during the late Quaternary inferred from fluorescent bands in fossil corals. Nature 345:145-147. 1990 Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Caddy, J. F. and C. Stamatopoulos. 1990. Mapping growth and mortality rates of crevice-dwelling organisms onto a perforated surface: The relevance of 'cover' to the carrying capacity of natural and artificial habitats. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 31:87-106. 1990 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R. 1990. Kenyan coral reef-associated gastropod assemblages: distribution and diversity patterns. Coral Reefs 9:63-74. 1990 Indian Ocean; Kenya; Tanzania; India Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Somers, I. F. 1990. Manipulation of fishing effort in Australia's penaeid prawn fisheries. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41:12-Jan. 1990 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Onizuka, R., K. Inoue, and H. Kamiya. 1990. Red soft coral-induced allergic symptoms observed in spiny lobster fishermen. Japanese Journal of Allergology 39:339-347. 1990 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octocoral
Smith, E. R. and N. C. Kraus. 1990. Laboratory study on macro-features of wave breaking over bars and artificial reefs. Technical Report - US Army Coastal Engineering Research Center. 1990 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Military; Shoreline Protection
Bouma, A. H. and H. H. Roberts. 1990. Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Geo-Marine Letters 10:177-181. 1990 South & Central America; Mexico Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
McClanahan, T. R. and S. H. Shafir. 1990. Causes and consequences of sea urchin abundance and diversity in Kenyan coral reef lagoons. Oecologia 83:362-370. 1990 Kenya Algae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Hatcher, A. I., G. D. Wright, and B. G. Hatcher. 1990. Resolving the conflict between conservation values and extractive use of the Abrolhos coral reefs. Pages 55-70 in Australian ecosystems. Proc. symposium, Geraldton, W.A., 1988. 1990 Australia; Indian Ocean; India GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Permitting & Zoning
Garrity, S. D. and S. C. Levings. 1990. Effects of an oil spill on the gastropods of a tropical intertidal reef flat. Marine Environmental Research 30:119-153. 1990 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Molluscs; Petroleum Spills; Snails & Conch
Hayse, J. W. 1990. Feeding habits, age, growth, and reproduction of Atlantic spadefish Chaetodipterus faber (Pisces: Ephippidae) in South Carolina. Fishery Bulletin 88:67-83. 1990 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Marine Worms
Shen, G. T. and C. L. Sanford. 1990. Trace element indicators of climate variability in reef-building corals. Pages 255-283 Global ecological consequences of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation. 1990 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Caribbean Index or Indicator Climate; Discharges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alcala, A. C. and G. R. Russ. 1990. A direct test of the effects of protective management on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources. Journal du Conseil - Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 47:40-47. 1990 Philippines Finfish Harvest
Craik, W., J. Glaister, and I. Poiner. 1990. The effects of fishing. The effects of fishing. 1990 Australia; New Caledonia Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Davies, P.S. 1990. A rapid method for assessing growth rates of corals in relation to water pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 21:346-348. 1990 Stony Coral; Waterborne Discharges
Ambrose, R. F. and T. W. Anderson. 1990. Influence of an artificial reef on the surrounding infaunal community. Marine Biology 107:41-52. 1990 Artificial Habitat; Echinoderms; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Sediment
Burns, K. A. and A. H. Knap. 1989. The Bahia las Minas oil spill. Hydrocarbon uptake by reef building corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 20:391-398. 1989 Petroleum Spills
Soekarno, R. 1989. Comparative studies on the status of Indonesian coral reefs. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23:215-222. 1989 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Ter Kuile, C. 1989. The forage base of some reef fishes in the flores sea with notes on sampling and fishery. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23:171-179. 1989 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Campos, J. A. and C. Gamboa. 1989. An artificial tire-reef in a tropical marine system: a management tool. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:757-766. 1989 Costa Rica Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Skeletal Coral
Plante, R., P. M. Alcolado, J. C. Martinez-Iglesias, and D. Ibarzabal. 1989. Redox potential in water and sediments of the Gulf of Batabano, Cuba. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 28:173-184. 1989 Cuba Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sediment
Van Vliet Lanoe, B. 1989. Coast lines. Reports in honour of Andre Guilcher. Second meeting of the Groupe Francais de Geomorphologie, Caen, November 1988 [Les littoraux. Journees en l'honneur d'Andre Guilcher. Second forum du Groupe Francais de Geomorphologie, Caen, Novembre 1988]. Bulletin - Centre de Geomorphologie du CNRS, Caen 36. 1989 France Coastal Development; Sediment
McClanahan, T. R. and N. A. Muthiga. 1989. Patterns of preedation on a sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville), on Kenyan coral reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 126:77-94. 1989 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins; Water Depth & Sea Level
Thorne, R. E., J. B. Hedgepeth, and J. Campos. 1989. Hydroacoustic observations of fish abundance and behavior around an artificial reef in Costa Rica. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1058-1064. 1989 Costa Rica Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Boats
Purdy, C. B., E. R. M. Druffel, and L. Hugh D. 1989. Anomalous levels of 90Sr and 239,240Pu in Florida corals: Evidence of coastal processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53:1401-1410. 1989 Florida; Bermuda Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vogel, E. W. 1989. Somatic cell mutagenesis in Drosophila: Recovery of genetic damage in relation to the types of DNA lesions induced in mutationally unstable and stable X-chromosomes. Mutation Research 211:153-170. 1989
Goudie, A. 1989. The nature of the environment. Second edition. The nature of the environment. Second edition. 1989 Mangroves
Fairbanks, R. G. 1989. A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: Influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature 342:637-642. 1989 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pollard, D. A. 1989. Artificial habitats for fisheries enhancement in the Australian region. Marine Fisheries Review 51:26-Nov. 1989 Australia; Papua New Guinea Artificial Habitat; Fish
Maristany, A.E. and Bartel, R.L. 1989. �Wetlands and Stormwater Management: A Case Study of Lake Munson, Part I: Long-Term Treatment Efficiencies�, in: Fisk, D.W. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Symposium on Wetlands: Concerns and Successes, AWRA, Tampa, FL, pp. 215-229 (1989). 1989 Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Spanier, E., S. Pisanty, M. Tom, and G. Almog-Shtayer. 1989. The fish assemblage on a coralligenous shallow shelf off the Mediterranean coast of northern Israel. Journal of Fish Biology 35:641-649. 1989 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Bombace, G. 1989. Artificial reefs in the Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1023-1032. 1989 France Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Jackson, J. B. C., J. D. Cubit, B. D. Keller, V. Batista, K. Burns, H. M. Caffey, R. L. Caldwell, S. D. Garrity, C. D. Getter, C. Gonzalez, H. M. Guzman, K. W. Kaufmann, A. H. Knap, S. C. Levings, M. J. Marshall, R. Steger, R. C. Thompson, and E. Weil. 1989. Ecological effects of a major oil spill on Panamanian coastal marine communities. Science 243:37-44. 1989 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Rappa Peter, J. and J. Miller Bruce. 1989. Coastal resource management planning in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. Pages 2147-2160 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Mitigation; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance
Relini, G. and L. Orsi Relini. 1989. Artificial reefs in the Ligurian Sea (northwestern Mediterranean): aims and results. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:743-751. 1989 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Substrate
Baynes, T. W. and A. M. Szmant. 1989. Effect of current on the sessile benthic community structure of an artificial reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:545-566. 1989 Florida Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Matson, E. A. 1989. Biogeochemistry of Mariana Islands coastal sediments: terrestrial influence on /gd13, Ash, CaCO3, Al, Fe, Si and P. Coral Reefs 7:153-160. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment
Schatz, I. J. 1989. Ciguatera fish poisoning: A jet age peril. Hospital Practice 24:79-96. 1989 US Virgin Islands Review Finfish Harvest; Fish; Pathogens; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Dalzell, P. and A. D. Lewis. 1989. A review of the South Pacific tuna baitfisheries: small pelagic fisheries associated with coral reefs. Marine Fisheries Review 51:10-Jan. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Seaman Jr, W., R. M. Buckley, and J. J. Polovina. 1989. Advances in knowledge and priorities for research, technology and management related to artificial aquatic habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:527-532. 1989 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector
Seaman Jr, W., W. J. Lindberg, C. R. Gilbert, and T. K. Frazer. 1989. Fish habitat provided by obsolete petroleum platforms off Southern Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1014-1022. 1989 Florida Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Bell, P. R. F., P. F. Greenfield, D. Hawker, and D. Connell. 1989. The impact of waste discharges on coral reef regions. Water Science and Technology 21:121-130. 1989 Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Brock, R. E. and J. E. Norris. 1989. An analysis of the efficacy of four artificial reef designs in tropical waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:934-941. 1989 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish
Demartini, E. E., D. A. Roberts, and T. W. Anderson. 1989. Contrasting patterns of fish density and abundance at an artificial rock reef and a cobble-bottom kelp forest. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:881-892. 1989 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Light; Mitigation
McGurrin, J. M. and A. J. Fedler. 1989. Tenneco II artificial reef project: an evaluation of rigs-to-reefs fisheries development. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:777-781. 1989 Florida Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector
McGurrin, J. M., R. B. Stone, and R. J. Sousa. 1989. Profiling United States artificial reef development. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1004-1013. 1989 Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cofer-Shabica Stephen, VA LE. 1989. Fish traps in the coral reefs of South Florida. Pages 3030-3044 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Florida; Iran Artificial Habitat; Fish
Hinrichsen, D. 1989. Coping with pollution in Indonesia. Earthwatch 35:8-Jun. 1989 Indonesia Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Wastewater Discharge
Glynn, P. W., A. M. Szmant, E. F. Corcoran, and S. V. Cofer-Shabica. 1989. Conditions of coral reef cnidarians from the Northern Florida Reef tract: Pesticides, heavy metals, and histopathological examination. Marine Pollution Bulletin 20:568-576. 1989 Florida Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Kotabalavu, J. and D. L. Tiffin. 1989. Ocean minerals: prospects for South Pacific islands. Pacific Viewpoint 30:22-33. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean
Moffitt, R. B., F. A. Parrish, and J. J. Polovina. 1989. Community structure, biomass and productivity of deepwater artificial reefs in Hawaii. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:616-630. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii Artificial Habitat
Alongi, D. M. 1989. Benthic processes across mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentary facies on the central Great Barrier Reef continental shelf. Continental Shelf Research 9:629-663. 1989 Australia; Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Watson, R. A. and G. Goeden. 1989. Temporal and spatial zonation of the demersal trawl fauna of the central Great Barrier reef. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27:611-620. 1989 Australia Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Preu, C. 1989. Problems of recent morphodynamics of the Sri Lankan coast [Zur problematik der rezenten morphodynamik an den kusten Sri Lankas]. Erdkundliches Wissen 97:23-42. 1989 Sri Lanka Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Wellmer, H. 1989. The underground drainage-system in the Fort of Galle (Sri Lanka). Erdkundliches Wissen 97:141-167. 1989 Sri Lanka Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Skeletal Coral
Heigold, P. C. and S. T. Whitaker. 1989. A gravity survey of Marine Field: a case study for Silurian reef exploration. Illinois Petroleum - Illinois State Geological Survey 133. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Seiler, K.-P., P. Maloszewski, and H. Behrens. 1989. Hydrodynamic dispersion in karstified limestones and dolomites in the Upper Jurassic of the Franconian Alb, F.R.G. Journal of Hydrology 108:235-247. 1989 Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bockstael, N. E., K. E. McConnell, and I. E. Strand. 1989. A aandom utility model for sportfishing: some preliminary results for florida. Marine Resource Economics 6:245-260. 1989 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Finfish Harvest; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing
Russo, A. R. 1989. Fish community structure on a deep ocean outfall, Barber's Point, Oahu, Hawaii. Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 74:499-506. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Fish
Pilkey, O., D. Heron, W. Harbridge, J. Kamens, F. Keer, and S. Thornton. 1989. The sedimentology of three Tunisian lagoons. Marine Geology 88:285-301. 1989 Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Meiorin, E.C. 1989. �Urban Runoff Treatment in a Fresh/Brackish Water Marsh in Fremont, California�, in: Hammer, D.A. (Ed.) Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, pp. 677-685. 1989 Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
McKenna, PE TE R. 1989. Application of estimation error studies for decision-making regarding sampling patterns on a South African gold mine. Pages 304-318 in Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry. 1989 South Africa Model Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Foster, F. J. 1989. Bucketwheel suction dredges in mining. in [No source information available]. 1989 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Skeletal Coral
Ramsay, P. J., J. A. G. Cooper, C. I. Wright, and T. R. Mason. 1989. The occurrence and formation of ladderback ripples in subtidal, shallow-marine sands, Zululand, South Africa. Marine Geology 86:229-235. 1989 South Africa Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Pelissonnier, H. 1989. Review of metallogenic concepts and models of lead-zinc deposits in carbonate sedimentary environments [Historique des concepts et modeles metallogeniques pour les gites de plomb-zinc en milieu sedimentaire carbonate. Apport du present colloque]. Chronique de la Recherche Miniere 495:37-45. 1989 Europe Review; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Kay, A. M. and M. J. Liddle. 1989. Impact of human trampling in different zones of a coral reef flat. Environmental Management 13:509-520. 1989 Trampling
Rigden, B. 1989. Water and wastewater treatment for a small island resort. Water Science and Technology 21:189-193. 1989 Hotel & Food Services; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge
Woodley, S. 1989. Management of water quality in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Water Science and Technology 21:31-38. 1989 Australia Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Parker, M. E. and E. J. Henkhaus. 1989. High Island A-343 'A' and 'B'. A case history of offshore platform abandonment and artificial reef planning. Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (Paper) SPE 1989 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Kalajian Edward, K. 1989. SOAR (Stabilized Oil Ash Reef) performance: An ocean alternative to landfills. Pages 1102-1115 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Solid Waste Disposal; Substrate
Yamane, T. 1989. Status and future plans of artificial reef projects in Japan. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1038-1040. 1989 Japan Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Housing
Haughton, M. O. and K. A. Aiken. 1989. Biological notes on artificial reefs in Jamaican waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:1033-1037. 1989 Jamaica Artificial Habitat; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Milon, J. W. 1989. Artificial marine habitat characteristics and participation behavior by sport anglers and divers. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:853-862. 1989 Florida Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish
McManus Liana, TA LA UE. 1989. Coralline resources of Lingayen Gulf, Philippines: a proposal for their management. Pages 3098-3107 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Fitzhardinge, R. C. and J. H. Bailey-Brock. 1989. Colonization of artificial reef materials by corals and other sessile organisms. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:567-579. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Artificial Habitat; Coralline Algae; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Polovina, J. J. and I. Sakai. 1989. Impacts of artificial reefs on fishery production in Shimamaki, Japan. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:997-1003. 1989 Japan Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Octopus & Squid
Land, L. S., H. J. Lund, and M. L. McCullough. 1989. Dynamic circulation of interstitial seawater in a Jamaican fringing reef. Carbonates & Evaporites 4:7-Jan. 1989 Jamaica Discharges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hixon, M. A. and J. P. Beets. 1989. Shelter characteristics and Caribbean fish assemblages: experiments with artificial reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:666-680. 1989 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Deligne, P. 1989. Epidemiological, Clinical, And Therapeutical Features Of Ciguatera In 1989 [Aspects Epidemiologiques, Cliniques Et Therapeutiques De La Ciguatera En 1989]. Urgences Medicales 8:367-376. 1989 Europe Finfish Harvest; Fish; Medical Centers; Tourism & Recreation
Sheehy Daniel, J. and F. Vik Susan. 1989. Extending mitigation banking beyond wetlands. Pages 1242-1253 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Wetlands
Esry, D.H., and D.J. Cairns. 1989. Overview of the Lake Jackson Restoration Project with Artificially Created Wetlands for Treatment of Urban Runoff. p. 247-257 m: D.W. Fisk (ed.), Wetlands, Concerns and Successes. Proceedings, American Water Resources Association. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Stephan, C. D. and D. G. Lindquist. 1989. A comparative analysis of the fish assemblages associated with old and new shipwrecks and fish aggregating devices in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:698-717. 1989 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish
Hallock, P. 1988. The role of nutrient availability in bioerosion: Consequences to carbonate buildups. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 63:275-291. 1988 Oman Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Clark, D., T. J. Fredette, and U. S. Army Engr. Dist. Mobile. 1988. Creation of offshore topographic features with dredged material. ENVIRON. EFFECTS DREDGING. 1988 South & Central America; Mexico; England Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish
Chansang, H. 1988. Coastal tin mining and marine pollution in Thailand. Ambio 17:223-228. 1988 Thailand; Malaysia; Indonesia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mining; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges
Gomez, E. D. 1988. Overview of environmental problems in the East Asian Seas Region. Ambio 17:166-169. 1988 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Philippines Review Fishing Sector; Mangroves
[No author name available]. 1988. Stemming the tide on the Wirral. OFFSHORE RES. FOCUS 67:-4. 1988 Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection
Breslin, V. T. 1988. Vanadium release from stabilized oil ash waste in seawater. Environmental Science and Technology 22:1166-1170. 1988 Lab Study Artificial Habitat
Samson, G. and R. Popovic. 1988. Use of algal fluorescence for determination of phytotoxicity of heavy metals and presticides as environmental polluntants. Ecotoxicity and Environmental Safety 16:272-278. 1988 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Toxics
Bertrand, J. 1988. Selectivity of hooks in the handline fishery of the Saya de Malha banks (Indian Ocean). Fisheries Research 6:249-255. 1988 Indian Ocean; India Finfish Harvest; Fish
Pitt, R. and R. Field. 1988. An Evaluation of Storm Drainage Inlet Devices for Stormwater Quality Treatment, Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference, Orlando, FL, 1998. 1988 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gittings, S. R. 1988. The recovery process in a mechanically damaged coral reef community. Ph.D. thesis. in [No source information available]. 1988 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Harris, P. T. 1988. Sediments, bedforms and bedload transport pathways on the continental shelf adjacent to Torres Strait, Australia-Papua New Guinea. Continental Shelf Research 8:979-1003. 1988 Australia; Papua New Guinea; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Sediment
Oberts, G; Osgood, R. 1988. The effectiveness of a detention/wetland treatment system and its effect on an urban lake., 8. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LAKE AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT., 1988., p. 29. 1988 Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Anne Reeckmann, S. 1988. Diagenetic alterations in temperate shelf carbonates from southeastern Australia. Sedimentary Geology 60:209-219. 1988 Australia Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Microorganisms; Sediment
Hayashi, I. and H. Yamakawa. 1988. Population fluctuations of three sympatric species of Haliotis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in artificial habitats at Kominato, central Japan. Aquaculture 73:67-84. 1988 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan GIS & Maps Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Molluscs
Gittings, S. R. and T. J. Bright. 1988. The M/V Wellwood grounding: a sanctuary case study. Oceanus 31:35-41. 1988 Florida Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Fish; Stony Coral
Pattenden, G. and S. J. Teague. 1988. Total synthesis of (±)-Δ9(12)-capnellene-8β,10α-diol. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 1077-1083. 1988
Hackney, J. M. and P. Sze. 1988. Photorespiration and productivity rates of a coral reef algal turf assemblage. Marine Biology 98:483-492. 1988 Algae; CO2; Primary Production
Bortone, S. A., R. L. Shipp, W. P. Davis, and R. D. Nester. 1988. Artificial reef development along the Atlantic coast of Guatemala. Northeast Gulf Science 10:45-48. 1988 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Fish
Gutherz, E. J. and G. J. Pellegrin. 1988. Estimate of the catch of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, by shrimp trawlers in the US Gulf of Mexico. Marine Fisheries Review 50:17-25. 1988 South & Central America; Mexico Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Brown, B. E. and R. P. Dunne. 1988. The environmental impact of coral mining on coral reefs in the Maldives. Environmental Conservation 15:159-166. 1988 Maldives Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Storms & Hurricanes
Wicklund Robert, I. 1988. Field research programs at the Caribbean Marine Research Center - national undersea research program. Pages 119-122 in [No source information available]. 1988 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Snails & Conch
Dennis, G. D. and T. J. Bright. 1988. Reef fish assemblages on hard banks in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 43:280-307. 1988 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Discharges; Fish; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hopley, D. 1988. Anthropogenic influences on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Australian Geographer 19:26-45. 1988 Global; Australia Non-point Source Runoff
[No author name available]. 1988. Refuse-to-reefs: old platforms process drilling wastes, garbage. Offshore 49. 1988 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Special Use Permitting
Myers, N. 1988. Environmental degradation and some economic consequences in the Philippines. Environmental Conservation 15:205-214. 1988 Global; Philippines Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector
McClanahan, T. R. and N. A. Muthiga. 1988. Changes in Kenyan coral reef community structure and function due to exploitation. Hydrobiologia 166:269-276. 1988 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins; Substrate
McClanahan, T. R. 1988. Coexistence in a sea urchin guild and its implications to coral reef diversity and degradation. Oecologia 77:210-218. 1988 Finfish Harvest; Sea Urchins
Essig Ronald, J. 1988. Outer continental shelf fishery resources of the south Atlantic. Pages 127-131 in [No source information available]. 1988 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Lechich, A. F. and F. J. Roethel. 1988. Marine disposal of stabilized metal processing waste. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 60:93-99. 1988 Artificial Habitat
Drew, E. A. and K. M. Abel. 1988. Studies on Halimeda - II. Reproduction, particularly the seasonality of gametangia formation, in a number of species from the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs 6:207-218. 1988 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Calcareous Macroalgae; Discharges
Sekita, K., H. Okubo, H. Kiura, V. Takahashi, and K. Masuda. 1988. Model test and field survey of a floating artificial reef moored by new parallel wire cable. Pages 553-560 in IN: OTC '88 PROC. TWENTIETH ANNUAL OFFSHORE TECHNOL. CONF., (HOUSTON, U.S.A.: MAY 2-5, 1988). 1988 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fyvie, D. J. 1988. Sedimentation and diagenesis of the Upper Devonian Kakisa Formation, Trout River area, N.W.T. M.Sc. thesis. in [No source information available]. 1988 Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bethoux, J. P. 1988. Red Sea geochemical budgets and exchanges with the Indian Ocean. Marine Chemistry 24:83-92. 1988 Global; Indian Ocean; India Discharges; Nutrients; Primary Production
Foster, M. S. and D. R. Schiel. 1988. Kelp communities and sea otters: keystone species or just another brick in the wall? Pages 92-115 The community ecology of sea otters. 1988 US Pacific & Hawaii Deforestation & Devegetation; Sea Urchins
Laur, D. R., A. W. Ebeling, and D. A. Coon. 1988. Effects of sea otter foraging on subtidal reef communities off central California. Pages 151-168 The community ecology of sea otters. 1988 Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Littering; Sea Urchins
McMahon Tom, A. 1988. Drought and arid zone hydrology. Civil engineering transactions 4:175-185. 1988 Australia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alcala, A. C. 1988. Effects of marine reserves on coral fish abundances and yields of Philippine coral reefs. Ambio 17:194-199. 1988 Philippines Review Finfish Harvest; Fish
Sawaragi, T. 1988. Current shore protection works in Japan. Journal of Coastal Research 4:531-541. 1988 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat
Sandstrom, M. W. 1988. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the North Queensland coast and Great Barrier Reef: Effects of tropical cyclone Winifred. Organic Geochemistry 12:445-454. 1988 Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 1988. A method for determining the surface area of corals. Coral Reefs 7:113-116. 1988 Cleaner & Solvent Use; Stony Coral
Carannante, G., M. Esteban, J. D. Milliman, and L. Simone. 1988. Carbonate lithofacies as paleolatitude indicators: problems and limitations. Sedimentary Geology 60:333-346. 1988 Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cox, J., McCarron, K. and E. McCarron. 1987. Interim Report, Pre-Construction Stormwater Quality Assessment, Twin Towers Project. 1987 Florida Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Russell Gary, M., MA RK Stewart, and L. Higer Aaron. 1987. Examples Of Landfill-Generated Plumes In Low-Relief Areas, Southeast Florida. Water Resources Bulletin 23:863-866. 1987 Florida Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Solid Waste Disposal
Isdale, P. and V. Kotwicki. 1987. Lake Eyre and the Great Barrier Reef: a paleohydrological ENSO connection. South Australian Geographical Journal 87:44-55. 1987 Australia Model Discharges; Stony Coral
Craik, W. and I. Dutton. 1987. Assessing the effects of sediment discharge on the Cape Tribulation fringing coral reefs. Coastal Management 15:213-228. 1987 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Gagan, M. K., M. W. Sandstrom, and A. R. Chivas. 1987. Restricted terrestrial carbon input to the continental shelf during Cyclone Winifred: implications for terrestrial runoff to the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs 6:113-119. 1987 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ogden John, C. and MA RC Steyaert. 1987. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (Caricomp): A Regional Laboratory Network. Pages 2793-2801 in [No source information available]. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses
Hosoda, HI DE O, AK IR A Deguchi, HI RO MI Takeuchi, MA SA KA TS U Miura, SA TO RU Suzuki, and TO SH IM AS A Hirama. 1987. Fluidized Bed Combustion Technology Of Oily Sludge. Nenryo Kyokaishi 66:791-797. 1987 Discharges
Striegl, R.G.; Cowan, E.A. 1987. Relations Between Quality of Urban Runoff and Quality of Lake Ellyn at Glen Ellyn, Illinois. Available from Books and Open-File Reports Section, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Supply Paper 2301, 1987. 59p, 27 fig, 20 tab, 60 ref. 1987 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Reggio, V. C. 1987. Rigs-to-Reefs. The use of obsolete petroleum structures as artificial reefs. in [No source information available]. 1987 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Hain, J. H. W. 1987. Belize. Oceanus 30:76-84. 1987 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Agriculture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Stanley Jon, G., L. Eshenroder Randy, and L. Hartman Wilbur. 1987. Sanctuaries For Lake Trout In The Great Lakes. Pages 3141-3152 in [No source information available]. 1987 India Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Cambers, G. 1987. A programme for beach erosion control in Barbados, West Indies. Pages ChiOceanPress-1987 in IN: 1987 PROC. COASTAL & PORT ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, SECOND INT. CONF., (BEIJING, CHINA: SEP. 7-11, 1987). 1987 South & Central America; China; Caribbean Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Mann, K. and M. Florence. 1987. Toxicity of oil shale waste waters to marine algae. Fuel 66:404. 1987 Australia Model Algae; Nutrients; Wastewater Discharge
Welborn, C.T.; Veenhuis, J.E. 1987. Effects of Runoff Controls on the Quantity and Quality of Urban Runoff at Two Locations in Austin, Texas, Available from OFSS, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4004, 1987. 101p, 51 fig, 14 tab, 13 ref. 1987 Discharges; Housing; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hutchings, P. A. and B. L. Wu. 1987. Coral reefs of Hainan Island, South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18:25-26. 1987 China Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sea Urchins; Skeletal Coral
White Alan, T. and C. Savina Gail. 1987. Community-Based Marine Reserves, A Philippine First. Pages 2022-2036 in [No source information available]. 1987 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish
Yousef, YA; Hvitved-Jacobsen, T; Wanielista, MP; Harper, HH; Hamilton, RS; Harrison, RM. (eds). 1987. Removal of contaminants in highway runoff flowing through swales, SPECIAL ISSUE: HIGHWAY POLLUTION. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM, 7-11 JULY 1986., 1987., pp. 391-399, SCI. TOTAL ENVIRON., vol. 59. 1987 Florida; United Kingdom Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Welborn, C.T.; Veenhuis, J.E. 1987. Effects of Runoff Controls on the Quantity and Quality of Urban Runoff at Two Locations in Austin, Texas., Available from OFSS, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4004, 1987. 101p, 51 fig, 14 tab, 13 ref. 1987 Discharges; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Varma, M. M. and J. Alfaro. 1987. Coastal water quality and its effect on beach erosion: A case study. Journal of Environmental Systems 17. 1987 Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Shoreline Protection; Wastewater Discharge
Van Dolah, R. F., P. H. Wendt, and N. Nicholson. 1987. Effects of a research trawl on a hard-bottom assemblage of sponges and corals. Fisheries Research 5:39-54. 1987 Boring Sponges; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Behrents, K. C. 1987. The influence of shelter availability on recruitment and early juvenile survivorship of Lythrypnus dalli Gilbert (Pisces: Gobiidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 107:45-59. 1987 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Christian Richard, T. 1987. Arc Reefs: Designed Artificial Reef Systems. Pages 3621-3628 in [No source information available]. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest
Hughes, T. P., D. C. Reed, and M.-J. Boyle. 1987. Herbivory on coral reefs: community structure following mass mortalities of sea urchins. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 113:39-59. 1987 Jamaica Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Dingler John, R. and E. Reiss Thomas. 1987. Nearshore Sand Sources For American Samoa: An Alternative To Using Beach Sand. Pages 4434-4448 in [No source information available]. 1987 Cuba; Samoa; American Samoa Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Driessen Paul, K. 1987. Oil Rigs: Biology, Mariculture, Drilling Muds, Rigs-To-Reefs. Pages 3605-3620 in [No source information available]. 1987 South & Central America; Mexico Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Oil & Gas Rigs; Substrate
Hueckel, G. J. and R. M. Buckley. 1987. The influence of prey communities on fish species assemblages on artificial reefs in Puget Sound, Washington. Environmental Biology of Fishes 19:195-214. 1987 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Seastars; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Howes, J. 1987. Platform abandonment: the options considered. in [No source information available]. 1987 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest
Hueckel Gregory, J., L. Benson Brian, and M. Buckley Raymond. 1987. Rocky Habitat Mitigation Using Artificial Reefs In Puget Sound, Washington. Pages 3635-3646 in [No source information available]. 1987 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish; Mitigation
Wiedicke, M. 1987. Biostratigraphy, Microfacies and diagenesis of tertiary carbonates from the South China Sea (Dangerous Grounds-Palawan, Philippines). Facies 16:195-301. 1987 Australia; Southeast Asia; China; Philippines Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms; Sediment
Purser, B. H., M. Soliman, and A. M'Rabet. 1987. Carbonate, evaporite, siliciclastic transitions in Quaternary rift sediments of the northwestern Red Sea. Sedimentary Geology 53:247-267. 1987 Egypt Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Lewbel, G. S., R. L. Howard, and B. J. Gallaway. 1987. Zonation of dominant fouling organisms on Northern Gulf of Mexico petroleum platforms. Marine Environmental Research 21:199-224. 1987 South & Central America; Mexico Anemones & Zooanthids; Boring Sponges; Discharges; Sponges; Tunicates
Ji, QI AN G. 1987. The boundary between the Devonian and Carboniferous systems of shallow-water facies as viewed in the light of conodont studies. Acta Geologica Sinica 61:20-Oct. 1987 China
Dustan, P. A., J. Halas. 1987. Changes in reef-coral communities of Carysfort Reef, Key Largo, Florida: 1974-1982. Coral Reefs 6:91-106. 1987 Florida Physical Damage; Sediment
Alongi, D. M. 1987. Intertidal zonation and seasonality of meiobenthos in tropical mangrove estuaries. Marine Biology 95:447-458. 1987 Australia Discharges; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ballou, T. G., R. E. Dodge, S. C. Hess, A. H. Knap, and T. D. Sleeter. 1987. Effects of a dispersed and undispersed crude oil on mangroves, seagrasses and corals. Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Matthews, D. 1987. From rigs to reefs. LAMP 69:-2. 1987 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Durgaprasada Rao, N. V. N. and A. K. A. Behairy. 1987. Intertidal conglomerate south of Yanbu - An episodic clastic deposit in the eastern Red Sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 58:221-228. 1987 Saudi Arabia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Glynn, P., L. S. Howard, E. Corcoran, and A. D. Freay. 1986. Preliminary investigations into the occurrence and toxicity of commercial herbicide formulations in reef building corals. Pages 473-485 in Paul L. Jokeiel;Robert H. Richmond;Rebecca A. Rogers, editor. Coral Reef Population Biology. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Technical Report, Coconut Island, Hawaii. 1986 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
McGurrin Joseph, M. and J. Reeff Mark. 1986. Artificial Reef Development And Deployment. Marine Technology Society Journal 20:9-Mar. 1986 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Side, J. 1986. Alternative uses: some fishery and environmental considerations. in [No source information available]. 1986 Review Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Slocum, DE AN, RI CH AR D Berlandy, and RO BE RT Wardwell. 1986. Facilities Planning In The Caribbean A Case Study. Pages 1351-1357 in [No source information available]. 1986 South & Central America; Caribbean Improved Technology; Sea Turtles; Sewage Treatment; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Summons, R. E. and T. G. Powell. 1986. Chlorobiaceae in Palaeozoic seas revealed by biological markers, isotopes and geology. Nature 319:763-765. 1986 Microorganisms; Sediment
Anon,. 1986. Amazone, First Cutter Suction Dredger Completed By Boelwerf, Belgium. Holland Shipbuilding 35:39-41. 1986 Beach & Land Formation; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Anon,. 1986. OCEANS 86 - CONFERENCE RECORD. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Giesecke Anne, G. 1986. Artificial Reefs: Dealing With Conflicts And Varied Interests. Pages 522-523 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish
Lehmann, P. R. 1986. Geology And Hydrocarbon Potential Of The Ep 104 Permit, Northwest Canning Basin, Western Australia. APEA journal 26. 1986 Australia
Hueckel Gregory, J. and M. Buckley Raymond. 1986. Mitigation Potential Of Artificial Reefs In Puget Sound, Washington. Pages 542-546 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Invertebrates; Mitigation; Substrate
Fries, B.M. 1986. Fate of Phosphorus from Residential Stormwater Runoff in a Southern Hardwood Wetland, Thesis, Master of Science in Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL. 1986 Florida Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Picken, G. B. and E. McVicar. 1986. The biological implications of abandonment options: the need for information. in [No source information available]. 1986 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest
Ludwig David, F. 1986. Perspectives For Research On Coal-Waste Artificial Reefs. Pages 556-559 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Bath, A. H., W. G. Burgess, and J. N. Carney. 1986. The chemistry and hydrology of thermal springs on efate, vanuatu, sw pacific. Geothermics 15:277-294. 1986 US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Prych, E.A.; Ebbert, J.C. 1986. Quantity and Quality of Storm Runoff from Three Urban Catchments in Bellevue, Washington, Available from Books and Open File Report Section, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4000, 1986. 85p, 14 fig, 34 tab,. 1986 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Reeff, MA RK. 1986. Reef Profiles: Technology Evaluation For Resource Development. Pages 538-541 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Review Artificial Habitat
Gordon Jr, W. R. and R. B. Ditton. 1986. A user-resource planning framework for offshore recreational artificial reefs. Coastal Zone Management Journal 13:369-395. 1986 Artificial Habitat; Tourism & Recreation
Coates, M., D. W. Connell, J. Bodero, G. J. Miller, and R. Back. 1986. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in Great Barrier Reef organisms and environment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 23:99-113. 1986 Australia Algae; Echinoderms; Plankton; Sediment; Stony Coral
Jones, G. P. 1986. Food availability affects growth in a coral reef fish. Oecologia 70:136-139. 1986 Australia Fish; Supplemental Feeding
Savina, G. C. and A. T. White. 1986. A tale of two islands: Some lessons for marine resource management. Environmental Conservation 13:107-113. 1986 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management
Wilson Charles, A. and VI RG IN IA Van Sickle. 1986. Development And Implementation Of An Artificial Reef Program For The State Of Louisiana. Pages 531-537 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Industry; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Wilson, T. C. and S. J. Krenn. 1986. Construction And Evaluation Of An Artificial Reef Designed To Enhance Nearshore Rockfish Production. Pages 547-551 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Littleton, JE FF. 1986. Platform Abandonment Liabilities Uncertain. Petroleum Engineer International 58:35-36. 1986 Artificial Habitat
Shvedov, V. N. 1986. Influence of lithologo-facies peculiarities of the Oxfordian terrace on the presence of sulphur in overlapping sediments of Gaurdak-Kugitangskii region (Turkmen SSR, USSR). Izvestiya - Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 8:107-115. 1986 Sediment
Anon,. 1986. ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY 3: A SELECTION OF PAPERS FROM THE 3RD AUSTRALIAN ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY CONFERENCE. Organic Geochemistry 9:219-273. 1986 Australia Sediment
Rafalska-Bloch, J. and R. Cunningham Jr. 1986. Organic fades in Recent sediments of carbonate platforms: Southwestern Puerto Rico and Northern Belize. Organic Geochemistry 10:717-724. 1986 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Belize Model; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Sediment
Precht, W. F. 1986. Reservoir development and hydrocarbon potential of Winnipegosis (Middle Devonian) pinnacle reefs, southern Elk Point Basin, North Dakota ( USA). Carbonates & Evaporites 1:83-99. 1986 Water Depth & Sea Level
Artyushkov, E. V. and M. A. Baer. 1986. Mechanism of formation of hydrocarbon basins: the West Siberia, Volga-Urals, Timan-Pechora basins and the Permian Basin of Texas. Tectonophysics 122:247-281. 1986 Field Study & Monitoring Sediment
Diamant, A., A. B. Tuvia, A. Baranes, and D. Golani. 1986. An analysis of rocky coastal eastern Mediterranean fish assemblages and a comparison with an adjacent small artificial reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 97:269-285. 1986 Artificial Habitat
Bell, ME LV IN. 1986. Needs Of Marine Artificial Reef Programs In The United States: A State Manager'S Viewpoint. Pages 552-555 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Christian Richard, T. 1986. Innovative Technologies For The Design And Fabrication Of Cost-Effective Artificial Reef Structures. Pages 524-527 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Fishing Sector
Kun-Hsiung, CH AN G. 1985. Review of artificial reefs in Taiwan: emphasizing site selection and effectiveness. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:143-150. 1985 Taiwan Review Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Side, J. 1985. Alternative uses of offshore installations. in [No source information available]. 1985 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Smith, J. D., J. Y. Hauser, and J. Bagg. 1985. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Great Barrier Reef Region, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 16:110-114. 1985 Australia Sediment
Somerville, I. D. and G. L. Jones. 1985. The Courceyan stratigraphy of the Pallaskenry Borehole, County Limerick, Ireland. Geological Journal 20:377-400. 1985 Britain Agriculture
Auyong, JA N, B. Ditton Robert, and C. Reggio Jr. Villere. 1985. Offshore Petroleum Structures Lure Fisherman Seaward In The Central Gulf Of Mexico. Pages 561-567 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1985 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest
Samiullah, Y. 1985. Biological effects of marine oil pollution. Oil and Petrochemical Pollution 2:235-264. 1985 Global Review Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
James, W. 1985. The truth about offshore drilling. AGA MON67:-18. 1985 Artificial Habitat; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Hidaka, Michio. 1985. Nematocyst discharge, histoincompatability, and the formation of sweeper tentacles in the coral Galaxea fascicularis. Biological Bulletin 168:350-8. 1985 Discharges
Barss, P. G. 1985. Penetrating wounds caused by needle-fish in Oceania. The Medical journal of Australia 143:617-618. 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii; Malaysia; Japan Finfish Harvest; Fish
Owens, E. H., H. H. Roberts, S. P. Murray, and C. R. Foget. 1985. Containment Strategies For Marine Oil Spills In Nearshore Waters. Pages 113-120 in [No source information available]. 1985 Model Petroleum Spills
Shulman, M. J. 1985. Variability in recruitment of coral reef fishes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 89:205-219. 1985 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hornibrook, C. A. and J. H. Parker. 1985. Technical Review Of The Energy Authority Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program (C-Warp). Pages 249-268 in Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings. 1985 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coal Mining; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Bohnsack, J. A. and D. L. Sutherland. 1985. Artificial reef research: a review with recommendations for future priorities. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:Nov-39. 1985 Japan Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Social Organizations; Tourism & Recreation
Borgne, R. L., Y. Dandonneau, and L. Lemasson. 1985. The problem of the island mass effect on chlorophyll and zooplankton standing crops around Mare ( Loyalty Islands) and New Caledonia. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:450-459. 1985 New Caledonia Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton
Sanders Jr, R. M., C. R. Chandler, and A. M. Landry Jr. 1985. Hydrological, diel and lunar factors affecting fishes on artificial reefs of Panama City, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:318-328. 1985 Florida; Panama Model; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Fish
Sato, O. 1985. Scientific rationales for fishing reef design. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:329-335. 1985 Finfish Harvest; Fish
Lester, R. T. and R. P. M. Bak. 1985. Effects of environment on regeneration rate of tissue lesions in the reef coral Montastrea annularis (Scleractinia). Marine Ecology Progress Series 24:183-185. 1985 Discharges; Stony Coral
Binet, D. 1985. Essai d'utilisation de la diversite specifique dans l'analyse des communautes de copepodes planctoniques du lagon de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Marine Biology 88:85-99. 1985 New Caledonia Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fulford, E. T. 1985. Reef type breakwaters for shoreline stabilization. Pages Am.Soc.Civ.Engrs.-1985 in IN: COASTAL ZONE'85, PROC. FOURTH SYMP. ON COASTAL & OCEAN MANAGEMENT, (BALTIMORE, U.S.A.: JUL. 30-AUG. 2, 1985), O.T. MAGOON. 1985 Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Downing, N., R. A. Tubb, C. R. El-Zahr, and R. E. McClure. 1985. Artificial reefs in Kuwait, northern Arabian Gulf. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:157-178. 1985 Kuwait Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Stoddart, D. R. 1985. Hurricane effects on coral reefs. in IN: PROC. FIFTH INT. CORAL REEF CONGRESS, (MOOREA, FRENCH POLYNESIA: MAY 27-JUN. 1, 1985). 1985 Review; Model Physical Damage; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Shabica Charles, W. 1985. Sediment Accretion Associated With Surgebreaker Offshore Reef, A Low Cost Shore Protection Device: An Update On The Corps Of Engineers Section 54 Program. Pages 575-580 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1985 Mitigation; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Nakamura, M. 1985. Evolution of artificial fishing reef concepts in Japan. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:271-278. 1985 Japan Finfish Harvest; Fish
Dustan, P. 1985. Community structure of reef-building corals in the Florida Keys: Carysfort Reef, Key Largo and Long Key Reef, Dry Tortugas. Atoll Research Bulletin 1985 Florida Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Stony Coral
Patton, M. L., R. S. Grove, and R. F. Harman. 1985. What do natural reefs tell us about designing artificial reefs in Southern California? Bulletin of Marine Science 37:279-298. 1985 Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Shoreline Protection; Substrate
Carter, J. W., A. L. Carpenter, M. S. Foster, and W. N. Jessee. 1985. Benthic succession on an artificial reef designed to support a kelp-reef community. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:86-113. 1985 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Carter, J. W., W. N. Jessee, M. S. Foster, and A. L. Carpenter. 1985. Management of artificial reefs designed to support natural communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:114-128. 1985 Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Ryan, J. J. 1985. Investigation, design and construction of submarine ocean outfall pipeline off ninety mile beach, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Water Science and Technology 17:1465-1467. 1985 Australia Discharges; Forestry; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chandler, C. R., R. M. Sanders Jr, and A. M. Landry Jr. 1985. Effects of three substrate variables on two artificial reef fish communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:129-142. 1985 Florida; Panama Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Substrate
[No author name available]. 1985. Another port for Florida? PORT DEV. INT3:-22. 1985 Florida Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Forestry
Knap Anthony, H., D. Sleeter Thomas, and WY N Hughes Idwal. 1985. Case History: The Grounding Of The M/T Tifoso, 1983: A Test Of Bermuda'S Contingency Plan. Pages 289-291 in [No source information available]. 1985 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Tourism & Recreation
Knap Anthony, H., C. Wyers Sheila, E. Dodge Richard, D. Sleeter Thomas, R. Frith Harold, S. RO BE RT SO N Smith, and B. Cook Clayton. 1985. Effects Of Chemically And Physically Dispersed Oil On The Brain Coral Diploria Strigosa (Dana) - A Summary Review. Pages 547-551 in [No source information available]. 1985 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Pollard, D. A. and J. Matthews. 1985. Experience in the construction and siting of artificial reefs and fish aggregation devices in Australian waters, with notes on and a bibliography of Australian studies. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:299-304. 1985 Australia Artificial Habitat; Fish
Grover, D. H. 1985. Army hopper dredges in World War II. World dredging & marine construction 21:-29. 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii; Europe Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Military; Stony Coral
Helvey, M. and R. W. Smith. 1985. Influence of habitat structure on the fish assemblages associated with two cooling-water intake structures in southern California. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:189-199. 1985 Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates; Substrate
Solonsky, A. C. 1985. Fish colonization and the effect of fishing activities on two artificial reefs in Monterey Bay, California. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:336-347. 1985 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Sonu, C. J. and R. S. Grove. 1985. Typical Japanese reef nodules. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:348-355. 1985 Japan Review Artificial Habitat
Sakai, IT SU O, NO BU O Takai, and TA KE O Kondo. 1985. Improvement And Construction Of Coastal Fishing Grounds In Japan. Pages 2239-2248 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Products
Sheehy Daniel, J. and F. Vik Susan. 1985. Designed Reefs For Habitat Loss Compensation. Pages 1439-1450 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 Artificial Habitat; Finfish & Shellfish Stock
Rose, C. S. and M. J. Risk. 1985. Increase in Cliona delitrix infestation of Montastrea cavernosa heads on an organically polluted portion of the Grand Cayman fringing reef. Marine Ecology 6:345-363. 1985 Boring Sponges; Discharges; Microorganisms; Plankton; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate
Anon,. 1985. Coal-Waste Artificial Reef Program. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS. 1985 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Fish; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Hay, M. E. 1984. Patterns of fish and urchin grazing on Caribbean coral reefs: are previous results typical? Ecology 65:446-454. 1984 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Bahamas; Haiti; Belize; Honduras; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rice, L. G. 1984. Rapid separation of pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography with 3-μm columns. Journal of Chromatography 0:523-526. 1984 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
[No author name available]. 1984. Cuban dredger makes UK shipbuilding history. Dredging and Port Construction 11:-9. 1984 Cuba Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Schneider, K. 1984. A new design of high pressure armoured discharge hose. Dredging and Port Construction 11:-12. 1984 Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Coates, M., H. F. Chapman, and D. W. Connell. 1984. Effects of grazing by deposit feeders on biogenic hydrocarbons in coral-reef surface sediments. Marine Biology 81:87-95. 1984 Echinoderms; Sediment
Shieh, Chih-Shin and J. Roethel Frank. 1984. Fixation Of Sewage Sludge And Fly Ash; An Alternate Method For Ocean Disposal. Pages 433-443 in Proceedings of Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference. 1984 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Fillon, R. H. and D. F. Williams. 1984. Dynamics of meltwater discharge from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last deglaciation. Nature 310:674-677. 1984 Global; South & Central America; Mexico; Europe Model Discharges; Plankton
Seelig, W. N. 1984. Salvage and demolition of two navy offshore platforms. in [No source information available]. 1984 Florida; Panama Coastal Defense; Finfish Harvest; Military
Wolanski, E., G. L. Pickard, and D. L. B. Jupp. 1984. River plumes, Coral Reefs and mixing in the Gulf of Papua and the northern Great Barrier Reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 18:291-314. 1984 Australia Lab Study Discharges; Fish; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nelson, S. J. 1984. Geological history of the Interior Plains. Prairie Forum 9:159-180. 1984 Columbia Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Taviani, M. and P. Colantoni. 1984. ( Deep-sea scleractinian paleobiocoenoses from the Malta-Syracuse escarpment, Mediterranean Sea: their structure, age and significance). [Paleobiocoenoses profondes a Scleractiniaires sur l'escarpement de Malte-Syracuse (Mer Mediterranee): leur structure,. Revue - Institut Francais du Petrole 39:547-559. 1984 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Izac, R. R., W. Fenical, and J. M. Wright. 1984. Inflatene, an ichthyotoxic C12 hydrocarbon from the stoloniferan soft coral Clavularia inflata var. luzoniana. Tetrahedron Letters 25:1325-1328. 1984 Octocoral
Blair, CA RV EL and DA VI D Feigenbaum. 1984. Black Sea Bass And Friends Move Into Concrete Igloos. 48:24-27. 1984 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest
Isdale, P. 1984. Fluorescent bands in massive corals record centuries of coastal rainfall. Nature 310:578-579. 1984 Australia Agriculture; Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Washington, H. G. 1984. Diversity, biotic and siimilarity indices a review with special relevance to aquatic ecosystems. Water Research 18:653-964. 1984 Review; Index or Indicator Waterborne Discharges
Maslowski, AN DY. 1984. Silurian Reefs Retain Their Appeal. Northeast Oil Reporter 4:27-29. 1984
Wilkie, AN N, J. Reynolds Patrick, NO RM A O'Kelly, and EM ER Colleran. 1984. Support Matrix And Packing Effects Anaerobic Filters. Pages 274-295 in [No source information available]. 1984
Glynn, P. W., L. S. Howard, E. Corcoran, and A. D. Freay. 1984. The occurrence and toxicity of herbicides in reef building corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 15:370-374. 1984 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Aldridge, B. N. and J. H. Eychaner. 1984. Floods Of October 1977 In Southern Arizona And March 1978 In Central Arizona. US Geological Survey Water Supply Paper. 1984 South & Central America; Mexico Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water
Joko, I., S. Sawada, C. Goto, and K. Toyokura. 1984. Phosphorus Removal From Wastewater By Crystallization Method: Preparation And Performance Of Artificial Seed Materials. Pages 431-434 in Industrial Crystallization: Proceedings of the Symposium. 1984 Wastewater Discharge
Lindstadt-Siva, JU NE, H. Albers Peter, KE NN ET H Fucik, and G. Maynard Nancy. 1984. Ecological Considerations For The Use Of Dispersants In Oil Spill Response. Pages 363-377 ASTM Special Technical Publication. 1984 Review Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities
Dodge, R. E. and G. W. Brass. 1984. Skeletal extension, density and calcification of the reef coral, Montastrea annularis: St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science 34:288-307. 1984 US Virgin Islands Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors
Winterer Edward, L. and V. Metzler Christopher. 1984. ORIGIN AND SUBSIDENCE OF GUYOTS IN MID-PACIFIC MOUNTAINS. Journal of Geophysical Research 89:9969-9979. 1984 US Pacific & Hawaii Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Seawater Flow
Campbell Thomas, J. and KI M Beachler. 1984. Engineering For Beach Restoration Dredging. Pages 1014-1023 in [No source information available]. 1984 Florida Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Wilkie, A., M. Barry, P. J. Reynolds, N. O'Kelly, and E. Colleran. 1984. Anaerobic Filter Digestion Of Agricultural Wastes. Pages 306-314 in Solar Energy R&D in the European Community, Series E: Energy from Biomass. 1984 Europe Agriculture; Wastewater Discharge
Eisenberg, W. SA M. 1984. Tampa Harbor Florida Deepening Project. Pages 973-979 in [No source information available]. 1984 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors
Moskvich, V. A. 1984. Organogenic structures (buried reefs) in Silhet limestones of West-Bengal basin ( hydrocarbon resources). Izvestiya - Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 9:102-109. 1984 Algae; Sediment
Abu Gideiri, Y. B. 1984. Impacts of mining on Central Red Sea environment. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:823-828. 1984 Discharges; Mining Policies; Plankton; Toxics
Sastri, V. V. 1984. Geoscientific studies for petroleum exploration in India. Pages 217-220 Petroliferous basins of India - II. 1984 India Model; GIS & Maps Sediment
Dicks, B. 1984. Oil pollution in the Red Sea - Environmental monitoring of an oilfield in a coral area, Gulf of Suez. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. 1984 Egypt Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Ross, M. A. 1984. A quantitative study of the stony coral fishery in Cebu, Philippines. Marine Ecology 5:75-91. 1984 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Stony Coral
Roethel, F. J., I. A. Duedall, and P. M. J. Woodhead. 1983. Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program: Conscience Bay Studies. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Rinkevich, B. and Y. Loya. 1983. Intraspecific competitive networks in the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata. Coral Reefs 1:161-172. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring Discharges
Bell, J. D. 1983. Effects of depth and marine reserve fishing restrictions on the structure of a rocky reef fish assemblage in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Applied Ecology 20:357-369. 1983 Finfish Harvest; Fish
Finn, D. 1983. Land use and abuse in the East African region. Ambio 12:296-301. 1983 Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Knap, A. H., T. D. Sleeter, and R. E. Dodge. 1983. The effects of oil spills and dispersant use on corals. A review and multidisciplinary experimental approach. Oil and Petrochemical Pollution 1:157-169. 1983 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Petroleum Spills
Neff Jerry, M., P. Marum James, and J. SC OT T Warner. 1983. Composition And Fate Of Clean Ballast Water Discharged From Crude Oil Tankers. Pages 435-441 in [No source information available]. 1983 Ballast Discharge; Discharges; Oil & Gas Tankers
Fitz, H. C., M. J. Reaka, E. Bermingham, and N. G. Wolf. 1983. Coral recruitment at moderate depths: the influence of grazing. 1983 US Virgin Islands Algae; Artificial Habitat; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 1983. Yanbu: a corner stone of Saudi Arabia's development plan. COHESION 19:-11. 1983 Saudi Arabia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Bradstock, M. and D. P. Gordon. 1983. Coral-like bryozoan growths in Tasman Bay, and their protection to conserve commercial fish stocks. New Zealand Journal of Marine & Freshwater Research 17:159-163. 1983 Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Morelock, J., K. Grove, and M. L. Hernandez. 1983. Oceanography and patterns of shelf sediments Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 53:371-381. 1983 Puerto Rico Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Parker Jeffrey, H. and M. J. Woodhead Peter. 1983. New Resource For Recreational Fishing Reef Construction. Pages 961-964 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1983 Finfish Harvest; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Coppes, JA N, AD OL F Lubbers, SO EP AN GA T Soemarto, and SU GI YO Yuwono. 1983. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE DREDGING AND RECLAMATION WORKS AT SOUTH BONTANG BAY, INDONESIA. Water Science and Technology 16:407-415. 1983 Indonesia Lab Study Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Trefry, J. H., R. P. Trocine, and K. C. Yhip. 1983. Drilling mud discharges: minimizing environmental mismatches. Pages Am.Soc.Civ.Engrs.-1983 in IN: COASTAL ZONE'83, PROC. THIRD SYMP. ON COASTAL AND OCEAN MANAGEMENT, (SAN DIEGO, U.S.A.: JUN. 1-4, 1983), O.T. MAGOON; H. 1983 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Sediment
Goforth, GF; Diniz, EV; Rauhut, JB. 1983. Stormwater hydrological characteristics of porous and conventional paving systems., NTIS, SPRINGFIELD, VA (USA), 1983., 302 pp. 1983 Review Impervious Surfaces; Littering; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Duchscherer Jr., W. 1983. Geochemical hydrocarbon exploration - a new/old exploration tool. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 19:335-336. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Sediment
Pastorok Robert, A. and R. Bilyard Gordon. 1983. Sewage Discharge Impacts On Coral Reef Communities. Pages 900-904 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1983 Discharges
Schoeninger, M. J. and M. DeNiro. 1983. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen reflect marine and terrestrial components of prehistoric human diet. Science 220:1381-1383. 1983 Bahamas; India Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Gourlay, M. R. 1983. Interaction between natural processes and engineering works on the leeward side of a coral cay: a case study of Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef. Page Conventions in IN: PROC. INT. CONF. ON COASTAL AND PORT ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, (COLOMBO, SRI LANKA: MAR. 20-26, 1983). 1983 Australia; Sri Lanka Coastal Engineering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection
Sheehy Daniel, J. and F. Vik Susan. 1983. Recent Advances In Artificial Reef Technology. Pages 957-960 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1983 Artificial Habitat
Bannerman, R.; Baun, K.; Bohn, M.; Hughes, P.; Graczyk, D. 1983. Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Evaluation of Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution Management in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Volume 2. Feasibility and Application of Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Shulman, M. J., J. C. Ogden, J. P. Ebersole, W. N. McFarland, S. L. Miller, and N. G. Wolf. 1983. Priority effects in the recruitment of juvenile coral reef fishes. Ecology 64:1508-1513. 1983 US Virgin Islands Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Robert, P. K. and R. Mitchell. 1983. Environmental implications of wave energy proposals for the outer hebrides and Moray Firth. Ocean Engineering 10:459-469. 1983 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Shoreline Protection; Whales & Dolphins
Parker, J. H., P. M. J. Woodhead, I. W. Duedall, and H. R. Carleton. 1983. Ocean disposal and construction with stabilized coal waste blocks. Water Science and Technology 15:83-95. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Lab Study Coal Mining; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Glynn, P. W. 1983. Extensive 'bleaching' and death of reef corals on the Pacific coast of Panama. Environmental Conservation 10:149-154. 1983 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica; Panama; Pacific Ocean Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Zooxanthellae
Siddiquie, H. N., A. R. Gujar, N. H. Hashimi, and A. B. Valsangkar. 1983. SUPERFICIAL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE INDIAN OCEAN. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:763-812. 1983 Indian Ocean; India Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Johnson, K. M., P. G. Davis, and J. M. Sieburth. 1983. Diel variation of TCO2 in the upper layer of oceanic waters reflects microbial composition, variation and possibly methane cycling. Marine Biology 77:10-Jan. 1983 South & Central America; Caribbean CO2; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, Div. of Environmental Management. 1983. Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina: An Evaluation of Street Sweeping as a Runoff Pollution Control. Final rept. Sep 79-Oct 83. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Davis, N., G. R. VanBlaricom, and P. K. Dayton. 1982. Man-made structures on marine sediments: Effects on adjacent benthic communities. Marine Biology 70:295-303. 1982 Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Marine Worms; Octocoral; Oil & Gas Rigs; Sediment
Walker, T. A. 1982. Lack of evidence for evaporation-driven circulation in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33:717-722. 1982 Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity
Asayama, K. 1982. New flexible joint for dredger discharge lines. Dredging and Port Construction 9:-23. 1982 Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Goeden, G. B. 1982. Intensive fishing and a 'keystone' predator species: Ingredients for community instability. Biological Conservation 22:273-281. 1982 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish
[No author name available]. 1982. Artificial reefs and marine fisheries enhancement: a special issue. Marine Fisheries Review 44:Jan-60. 1982 Artificial Habitat
Woodhead, P. M. J., J. H. Parker, and I. W. Duedall. 1982. The coal-waste artificial reef program (C-WARP): a new resource potential for fishing reef construction. Marine Fisheries Review 44:16-23. 1982 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Logan Kock, R. K. 1982. Patterns of abundance variation in reef fishes near an artificial reef at Guam. Environmental Biology of Fishes 7:121-136. 1982 Guam Artificial Habitat; Fish
Buckley, R. M. 1982. Marine habitat enhancement and urban recreational fishing in Washington. Marine Fisheries Review 44:28-37. 1982 Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Victor, B. C. 1982. Daily otolith increments and recruitment in two coral-reef wrasses, Thalassoma bifasciatum and Halichoeres bivittatus. Marine Biology 71:203-208. 1982 Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Plankton; Supplemental Feeding
Hollett, K. J. and R. Moberly. 1982. Sedimentation, dredging, and spoil disposal in a subtropical estuarine lagoon. Environmental Geology 4:31-42. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Military; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
ALESHECHKIN, O. I. and A. M. VEL'KOV. 1982. Prospects Of Search For Hydrocarbon Accumulations In Volga Valley'S Saratov Region, Depending On Oil And Gas Trap Types/ Perspektivy Poiskov Skoplenii Uglevodorodov V Saratovskom Povolzh'E V Zavisimosti Ot Tipov Lovushek Nefti I Gaza. Pages 16-20 IZV VYSSH UCHEBN ZAVED NEFT GAZ. 1982
Shuaib, S. M. 1982. Geology and hydrocarbon potential of offshore Indus basin, Pakistan. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 66:940-946. 1982 India Surface & Groundwater Flow
Carleton, H. R., I. W. Duedall, P. M. J. Woodhead, and J. H. Parker. 1982. Coal combustion wastes as material for artificial reef construction. in [No source information available]. 1982 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Curry-Lindahl, K. 1982. A tale of mismanagement at sea. ORYX 16:415-420. 1982 Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
White, A. T. and S. M. Wells. 1982. Coral reefs in the Philippines. ORYX 16:445-451. 1982 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Gascon, D. and R. A. Miller. 1982. Space utilization in a community of temperate reef fishes inhabiting small experimental artificial reefs. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60:798-806. 1982 Columbia Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Finn, D. P. 1982. Soil loss in developing countries and its relationship to marine resources: examples from East Africa. in [No source information available]. 1982 Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bellamy, N. and M. J. Risk. 1982. Coral gas: Oxygen production in Millepora on the great barrier reef. Science 216:1618-1619. 1982 Australia Algae; CO2; Hydrocoral; Nutrients; Substrate
Laws, E. A. and D. G. Redalje. 1982. Sewaged diversion effects on the water column of a subtropical estuary. Marine Environmental Research 6:265-279. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Discharges; Nutrients; Plankton
Brown, B. E. and M. C. Holley. 1982. Metal levels associated with tin dredging and smelting and their effect upon intertidal reef flats at ko phuket, Thailand. Coral Reefs 1:131-137. 1982 Thailand Bivalves; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Molluscs; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
PARKER, J. H., P. M. J. WOODHEAD, I. W. DUEDALL, and H. R. CARLETON. 1982. Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program, Phase 4A. Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combus Syst Div Rep EPRI CS. 1982 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Fish; Substrate
Tilmant, J. T. and G. P. Schmahl. 1981. A comparative analysis of coral damage on recreationally used reefs within Biscayne National Park, Florida. Pages 187-192 in Proceedings of the Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium. 1981 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Tourism & Recreation
Peters, E. C., P. A. Meyers, P. P. Yevich, and N. J. Blake. 1981. Bioaccumulation and histopathological effects of oil on a stony coral. Marine Pollution Bulletin 12:333-339. 1981 South & Central America; Caribbean Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Weydert, P. 1981. (The outer- reef facies of the Turonian of Libreville vicinity ( Gabon): paleoecologic significance during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean). [Les facies peri-recifaux du turonien de Libreville (Gabon): significations paleoecologiques au cours de l'ouver. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, Section II 292:97-101. 1981 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Oman Sediment
Parker, J. H., P. M. J. Woodhead, and I. W. Duedall. 1981. Coal-waste artificial-reef program, phase 3. Volume 2: comprehensive report ( Long Island, Atlantic). in [No source information available]. 1981 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Ray James, P. 1981. Effects Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons On Corals. Pages 705-726 in [No source information available]. 1981
Bernard, P., R. Galzin, and B. Salvat. 1981. Undesirable Affects Of Coral Sand Dredging In The Lagoon Of The Grand Cul-De-Sac Marin In Guadeloupe [Note Sur Les Nuisances Liees Au Prelevement De Sable Corallien Dans Le Lagon Du Grand Cul-De-Sac Marin En Guadeloupe]. Pages 119-123 Revue Internationale d'Oceanographie Medicale. 1981 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Gallaway Benny, J., R. Martin Larry, L. Howard Randall, S. Boland Gregory, and D. Dennis George. 1981. Effects On Artificial Reef And Demersal Fish Macrocrustacean Communities. Marine Science (Plenum) 14:237-299. 1981 Artificial Habitat; Fish
[No author name available]. 1981. Ecological investigations of petroleum production platforms in the central Gulf of Mexico: volume I part 1, 2, and 3. in [No source information available]. 1981 South & Central America; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Gourlay, M. R. and P. G. Flood. 1981. Impact of coastal engineering works upon a coral cay: Heron Island. Pages 159-163 in IN: CONF. ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGNG. 1981, PREPRINTS, (TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA: JUL. 8-10, 1981), BARTON, AUSTRALIA, INST. ENGRS. 1981 Australia Review Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering
[No author name available]. 1981. Environmental Effects Of Offshore Oil Production: The Buccaneer Gas And Oil Field Study (Proceeding Of A Symposium), 1981. Marine Science (Plenum) 14. 1981 South & Central America; Mexico Model; Index or Indicator Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Fish; Microorganisms; Sediment
Robertson, A. H. F. 1981. Metallogenesis on a Mesozoic passive continental margin, Antalya Complex, southwest Turkey. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 54:323-345. 1981 Discharges; Sediment
Bernard, P. 1981. Numerations bacteriennes dans le lagon du grand Cul-de-Sac marin et sa zone (guadeloupe). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 50:197-212. 1981 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment
Blair, C. and D. L. Feigenbaum. 1981. Hydrographic and faunal survey of VMCR Tower Reef. in [No source information available]. 1981 Artificial Habitat
Land, L. S. and D. R. Prezbindowski. 1981. The origin and evolution of saline formation water, Lower Cretaceous carbonates, south-central Texas, U.S.A. Journal of Hydrology 54:51-74. 1981 South & Central America; Mexico Model Discharges; Sediment
Pudsey, C. J., D. G. Jenkins, and D. Curry. 1981. Sedimentology and palaeontology of samples from the Hellenic Trench. Marine Geology 44:273-288. 1981 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Dragastan, O. 1981. Mesozoic Dasycladaceae from Romania: Distribution and biostratigraphical importance. Facies 4:165-195. 1981 Oman Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Sponges
Hayward, J. C., E. H. Rothfuss Jr., W. J. Flick, and J. M. Balestrino. 1981. Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program, Phase 3: Volume 3 - Engineering-Economic Evaluation Of Fixed Coal Waste Block Production And Disposal. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS 3. 1981 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Freeman-lynde, R. P., M. B. Cita, F. Jadoul, E. L. Miller, and W. B. F. Ryan. 1981. Marine geology of the Bahama Escarpment. Marine Geology 44:119-156. 1981 South & Central America; Bahamas; Mexico Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Parker, J. H., P. M. J. Woodhead, I. W. Duedall, and H. R. Carleton. 1981. Coal waste artificial reef program, phase 3. Volume 1: summary report. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS 1. 1981 Review; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Stefansson, U. and P. Thorsteinsson. 1980. Hvammsfjorthur - its renewal and water budget ( Iceland, Breithafjotthur). Natturufraedingurinn 50:87-98. 1980 Iceland Discharges
Sale, P. F. 1980. Assemblages of fish on patch reefs - predictable or unpredictable? Environmental Biology of Fishes 5:243-249. 1980 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Courtenay Jr, W. R., B. C. Hartig, and G. R. Loisel. 1980. Ecological evaluation of a beach nourishment project at Hallandale ( Broward County), Florida. Volume I. Evaluation of fish populations adjacent to borrow areas of beach nourishment project, Hallandale (Broward County), Florida ( USA). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Dept of Biological Sciences, Miscellaneous Report. 1980 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Sediment; Substrate
Spadoni, RI CH AR D and TH OM AS Campbell. 1980. Coral Reef Protection During Beach Restoration In Florida. Pages 152-159 in Proceedings of SOUTHEASTCON Region 3 Conference. 1980 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Collins, R. J. 1980. Utilization of fluidized bed combustion wastes. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 8:259-264. 1980 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Hastings, P. A. and S. A. Bortone. 1980. Observations on the life history of the belted sandfish, Serranus subligarius (Serranidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 5:365-374. 1980 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Kuberski, T. 1980. Cholera on Nauru. Possible non-point source transmission. Medical Journal of Australia 2:563-564. 1980 US Pacific & Hawaii Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges
Kashman, Y., M. Bodner, J. S. Finer-Moore, and J. Clardy. 1980. Δ9(15)-Africanene, a new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon from the soft coral Sinularia erecta. Experientia 36:891-892. 1980 Octocoral
[No author name available]. 1980. Swedish backhoe dredge equal to huge tasks. World dredging & marine construction 16:p.27.. 1980 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Sartori, RE NZ O. 1980. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF AHERMATYPIC CORALS ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SEAFLOOR: A PROBABILISTIC STUDY. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 27:655-663. 1980 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Substrate
Davis, W. P., G. I. Scott, C. D. Getter, M. O. Hayes, and E. R. Gundlach. 1980. Methodology for environmental assessments oil and hazardous substance spills. Helgolander wiss Meeresuntersuchungen 33. 1980 Puerto Rico Index or Indicator Petroleum Spills
Back, W., B. B. Hanshaw, T. E. Pyle, L. N. Plummer, and A. E. Weidie. 1979. Geochemical significance of groundwater discharge and carbonate solution to the formation of Caleta Xel Ha, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Water Resources Research 15:1521-1535. 1979 South & Central America; Mexico Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chong, Y. J., T. Y. Liang, A. C. Yeo, and V. K. Vong. 1979. Remote Sensing Of The Sea Around Singapore. Pages 1807-1814 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 1979 Remote Sensing Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hilbertz Wolf, H. 1979. Electrodeposition Of Minerals In Sea Water: Experiments And Applications. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 94-113. 1979 Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition
Spadoni, R. H. 1979. Reef monitoring of the Delray Beach Erosion Project. SHORE & BEACH 47:-12. 1979 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment
Cook Theodore, D. 1979. Exploration History Of South Texas Lower Cretaceous Carbonate Platform. AAPG Bulletin 63:32-49. 1979 Field Study & Monitoring
Loya, Y. and B. Rinkevich. 1979. Abortion effect in corals induced by oil pollution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1:77-80. 1979 Iran Lab Study Petroleum Spills
Ayanoglu, E., T. Gebreyesus, C. M. Beechan, and C. Djerassi. 1979. Terpenoids-LXXVI1 1 For paper LXXV, see E. Ayanoglu, T. Gebreyesus, C.M. Beechan, C. Djerassi and M. Kaisin, Tetrahedron Letters 1671 (1978). Precapnelladiene, a possible biosynthetic precursor of the capnellane skeleton. Tetrahedron 35:1035-1039. 1979 Octocoral
Bedinger Jr., C. A. 1979. Ecological Investigations Of Petroleum Production Platforms In The Central Gulf Of Mexico - Preliminary Findings. Pages 2149-2161 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1979 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sheehy Daniel, J. 1979. Fisheries Development: Japan. Water Spectrum 12:9-Jan. 1979 Japan Artificial Habitat; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
Conti, H., D. G. True, and M. Jansen. 1979. Design Of A Lighweight Portable Single Point Mooring System For U. S. Navy Amphibious Logistic Suport. Pages 131-153 in American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Ocean Engineering Division (Proceedings) OED. 1979 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Military
Rogers, C. S. 1979. The effect of shading on coral reef structure and function. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 41:269-288. 1979 Puerto Rico Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Primary Production; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Sleeter, T. D., J. N. Butler, and J. E. Barbash. 1979. Hydrocarbons in sediments from the edge of the Bermuda platform. Pages 615-620 in Proc 1979 oil spill conference (prevention, behavior, control, cleanup), Los Angeles, Cal. March 1979, (American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC, Publication 4308). 1979 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Hurme Arthur, K. 1979. Rubble-Mound Structures As Artificial Reefs. Pages 1042-1051 in [No source information available]. 1979 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Weiss, M. P., D. A. Goddard, and X. Picard. 1978. Marine geology of reefs and inner shelf, Chichiriviche, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. Marine Geology 28:211-244. 1978 Venezuela Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sabitay, A. 1978. Status Of Hydrocarbon Exploration, Offshore Northeastern Australia And The Gulf Of Papua. APEA journal 18:77-82. 1978 Australia; Papua New Guinea Review Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment
Bak, R. P. M. 1978. Lethal and sublethal effects of dredging on reef corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 9:14-16. 1978 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Stewart-Gordon, T. J. 1978. New Pays Develop New Plays In The Permian Basin. World Oil 186. 1978 South & Central America; Mexico CO2
Busch Daniel, A. and AM AD O Govela. 1978. Stratigraphy And Structure Of Chicontepec Turbidites, Southeastern Tampico-Misantla Basin, Mexico. AAPG Bulletin 62:235-246. 1978 South & Central America; Mexico Sediment
Schlapak, B. R. and J. B. Herbich. 1978. Characteristics of coral and coral dredging. in [No source information available]. 1978 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Stern, E. M. and W. B. Stickle. 1978. Effects of turbidity and suspended material in aquatic environments. Literature review. in [No source information available]. 1978 Review Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Vandenbossche, D. J. 1978. Artificial islands off the Belgian coast. in [No source information available]. 1978 Review Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks
Beechan, C. M., C. Djerassi, and H. Eggert. 1978. Terpenoids-LXXIV1 1 Terpenoids LXXIII: C.M. Beechan, C. Djerassi, J.S. Finer and J. Clardy, Tetrahedron Letters 2395 (1977). The sesquiterpenes from the soft coral sinularia mayi. Tetrahedron 34:2503-2508. 1978 Octocoral
Bartram Paul, D. and L. Dugan Gordon. 1978. Sediment Movement In A Small Humid Watershed. Pages 654-661 in [No source information available]. 1978 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Swanson Gerald, C., L. Seymour John, and B. Ditton Robert. 1978. Alternative Perspective On Common Property Resource Allocation Decisions In The Coastal Zone. Coastal Zone Management Journal 4:25-45. 1978 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Wetlands
Dryer, S. and A. Logan. 1978. Holocene reefs and sediments of Castle Harbour, Bermuda. Journal of Marine Research 36:-399. 1978 Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate
Stone, R. B. 1978. Artificial reefs. Water Spectrum 10:24-29. 1978 Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Recreational Fishing
Ayanoglu, E., T. Gebreyesus, C. M. Beechan, C. Djerassi, and M. Kaisin. 1978. Terpenoids LXXV. Δ9(12)-capnellene, a new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon from the soft coral capnella imbricata. Tetrahedron Letters 19:1671-1674. 1978 Octocoral
Dodge, R. E., J. R. Vaisnys. 1977. Coral populations and growth patterns: Responses to sedimentation and turbidity associated with dredging. Journal of Marine Research 35:715-729. 1977 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Thompson, J. H. and T. J. Bright. 1977. Pages 495-498 in Effects of drill mud on sediment clearing rates of certain hermatypic corals. 1977 Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral
Droste John, B. and H. Shaver Robert. 1977. Synchronization Of Deposition: Silurian Reef-Bearing Rocks On Wabash Platform With Cyclic Evaporites Of Michigan Basin. AAPG Stud Geol 5:93-109. 1977 India Sediment
Beechan, C. M., C. Djerassi, J. S. Finer, and J. Clardy. 1977. Terpenoids LXXIII. Sinularene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon based on a novel skeleton from the soft coral, Sinularia Mayi. Tetrahedron Letters 18:2395-2398. 1977 Octocoral
Hofmann, W. 1977. Waste Disposal In The Rubber Industry [Abfallbeseitigung In Der Gummiindustrie]. VERFAHRENSTECHNIK 11:28-34. 1977 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Road Construction & Maintenance
[No author name available]. 1977. Singapore dredge for Maldives. in [No source information available]. 1977 Maldives Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Hayes, R. L. and N. I. Goreau. 1977. Intracellular crystal-bearing vesicles in the epidermis of scleractinian corals, Astrangia danae (Agassiz) and Porites porites (Pallas). Biological Bulletin 152:26-40. 1977 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Chan Gordon, L. 1977. Five-Year Recruitment Of Marine Life After The 1971 San Francisco Oil Spill. Pages 543-545 in [No source information available]. 1977 Invertebrates; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills
Campbell, David G. 1977. Bahamian chlorine bleach fishing: a survey. Pages 593-5 in Proceedings of the 3rd Int Coral Reef Sym__:. 1977 Finfish Harvest
Baker, J. T. 1977. Management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Pages 597-604 in Proc. 3rd international coral reef symposium, Miami, 1977, Volume 2, geology. 1977 Australia Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Schuhmacher, H. 1977. Initial phases in reef development, studied at artificial reef types off Eilat, (Red Sea). Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 30:400-411. 1977 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Hydrocoral; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Garbe, C. W. 1977. Coast development in the Middle East in general, Saudi Arabia in particular. World dredging & marine construction 12:-18. 1977 Middle East; Saudi Arabia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Cohen, Y., A. Nissenbaum, and R. Eisler. 1977. Effects of Iranian Crude Oil on the Red Sea octocoral Heteroxenia Fuscescens. Environmental Pollution 12:173-186. 1977 Iran Octocoral; Salinity
Davis, D. D. and J. B. Coppolino. 1976. Ozone susceptibility of selected woody shrubs and vines. PLANT DIS.REP60:876-878. 1976 India
Brood, K. 1976. Cyclostomatous Bryozoa from the coastal waters of East Africa. Zoologica Scripta 5:277-300. 1976 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kenya; Indonesia; Philippines Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Griffin, G. M. 1976. Dredge-fill in the coral reef tract of the Northern Florida Keys. in [No source information available]. 1976 Florida Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hanson, R. B. and K. Gundersen. 1976. Influence of sewage discharge on nitrogen fixation and nitrogen flux from coral reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31:942-948. 1976 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Skeletal Coral
Fairbridge, R. W. 1976. Effects of Holocene climatic change on some tropical geomorphic processes. Quaternary Research 6:529-556. 1976 Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Water Depth & Sea Level
PROEHL', N. 1976. Proehl Cutterhead Moves Through Rock, Clay, Sand. World dredging & marine construction 12. 1976 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
[No author name available]. 1975. Power Plus Proteins From The Sea. Energy Dig 4:21-24. 1975 Mauritius; United Kingdom Aquaculture; Discharges; Shoreline Protection
Raymond William, F. 1975. Sand And Coral Monitoring At Two Artificial Reefs In Florida. SHORE & BEACH 43:10-Mar. 1975 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat
Oremland, R. S. 1975. Methane production in shallow-water, tropical marine sediments. Applied microbiology 30:602-608. 1975 Florida Seagrasses; Sediment
Newton, R. S. and A. Stefanon. 1975. Application of side-scan sonar in marine biology. Marine Biology 31:287-291. 1975 GIS & Maps Commercial Fisheries; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Sediment
Stone Richard, B. 1975. Scrap Tires And Fishery Resources. in [No source information available]. 1975 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Zillman, N. J. and R. J. Paten. 1975. Seram Offers Good Oil Prospect. Oil and Gas Journal 73. 1975 Indonesia GIS & Maps
Seymour John, L. 1975. Preliminary Legal Considerations In Developing Artificial Reefs. Coastal Zone Management Journal 2:149-169. 1975 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Fish; Fishing Sector; Permitting & Zoning
Loya, Y. 1975. Possible effects of water pollution on the community structure of Red Sea corals. Marine Biology 29:177-185. 1975 Nutrients; Petroleum Spills; Waterborne Discharges
ATJAK, M. G. 1975. Concentrating Ore At Sea. DE INGENIEUR 87. 1975 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Alfieri, D. J. 1975. Organismal development on an artificial substrate 1 July 1972-6 June 1974. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 3:465-472. 1975 Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Substrate
Hofmann, W. 1975. Some problems relating to the removal of rubber wastes [EINIGE PROBLEME BEI DER BESEITIGUNG VON GUMMIABFALLEN]. GUMMI ASBEST KUNSTSTOFFE 28:38-39. 1975 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Road Construction & Maintenance
Russell, B. C. 1975. The development and dynamics of a small artificial reef community. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 27:298-312. 1975 Cuba Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Storms & Hurricanes
[No author name available]. 1974. First offshore runway grows 30,000 cu. yd. daily. ENR (Engineering News-Record) 193:1974. 1974 US Pacific & Hawaii Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Shoreline Protection
Weydert, P. 1974. Morphologie et sedimentologie de la pente externe de la partie nord du Grand Recif ed Tulear (SW de Madagascar). Nature et repartition des elements organogenes libres. (Morphology and sedimentology of the outer slope of the northern part of the \Grand Rec. Marine Geology 17:299-337. 1974 Madagascar Model; Index or Indicator Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Bellaiche, C., M. Gennesseaux, A. Mauffret, and J. P. Rehault. 1974. Prelevements systematiques et caracterisation des reflecteurs acoustiques: nouvelle etape dans la comprehension de la geologie de la Mediterranee occidentale. Marine Geology 16:47-56. 1974 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment
Stone, R. B. and R. O. Parker Jr. 1974. Brief History Of Artificial Reef Research In The United States. in [No source information available]. 1974 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Carlton, J. M. 1974. Land-building and stabilization by mangroves. Environmental Conservation 1:285-294. 1974 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Housing; Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Substrate
Ashworth Joseph, A. 1974. 'Nature'S Cooling Pond' - Thermal Discharges Atlantic Generating Station. Pages 113-129 in [No source information available]. 1974 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharges; Shoreline Protection
Matthews, J. L., B. C. Heezen, R. Catalano, A. Coogan, M. Tharp, J. Natland, and M. Rawson. 1974. Cretaceous drowning of reefs on Mid-Pacific and Japanese guyots. Science 184:462-464. 1974 US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman; Japan Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Water Depth & Sea Level
Engelen, G. B. 1974. Hydrogeology of the sasso Lungo group, a dolomitic reef stock in the alpine dolomites of North Italy. Journal of Hydrology 21:111-130. 1974 GIS & Maps Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
MASCH, F. D. and N. J. SHANKER. 1973. Circulation In Shallow Estuaries. in PROC. IAHR INT. SYMP. ON RIVER MECHANICS (BANGKOK, THAILAND). 1973 Thailand Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mining; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Slater, R. A. and R. H. Goodwin. 1973. Tasman Sea guyots. Marine Geology 14:81-99. 1973 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dugan, G. L. and R. H. F. Young. 1973. Effects of coastal water disposal in Hawaii. Pages 691-701 in J.ENVIRONM.ENGN DIV.PROC.ASCE. 1973 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
Bouma, A. H., G. L. Huebner, and B. W. Holliday. 1973. Environmental studies on sediment and reef surveys and dredge discharge distribution. in [No source information available]. 1973 Remote Sensing Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Forestry; Sediment
GORDON, G. and M. K. GORDON. 1973. Island Created For Runway. World dredging & marine construction 9. 1973 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation
Gundersen, K. and P. Bienfang. 1972. Thermal Pollution: Use Of Deep, Cold, Nutrient Rich Sea Water For Power Plant Cooling And Subsequent Aquaculture In Hawaii [Marine Pollution And Sea Life]. Pages 513-516 FISHING NEWS. 1972 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Light; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Johannes, R. E. 1972. Coral Reefs And Pollution [Marine Pollution And Sea Life]. Pages 364-375 FISHING NEWS LTD., SURREY. 1972 Review Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Salinity; Seastars; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges
Bagnis, R. A. 1972. Ciguatera And Man'S Influence On The Coral Ecosystems Of French Polynesia [Ciguatera Et Intervention Humaine Sur Les Ecosystemes Coralliens En Polynesie Francaise]. Pages 597-618 FISHING NEWS LTD/SURREY. 1972 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Pathogens
Hardy, J. T. and S. A. Hardy. 1972. Tidal circulation and sewage pollution in a tropical marine lagoon. Environmental Pollution 3:195-203. 1972 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Medical Centers
Marshall, Nelson. 1972. Notes on mucus and zooxanthellae discharged from coral reefs. Pages 59-67 in C Mukundan and CS Gopinadha Pillai, editors. Proceedings of the Sym Corals Coral Reefs. Marine Biological Ass'n of India, Cochin. 1972 Discharges; Zooxanthellae
Davies, T. A., P. Wilde, and D. A. Clague. 1972. Kōko seamount: A major guyot at the southern end of the Emperor seamounts. Marine Geology 13:311-321. 1972 Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Fournier, J. 1971. La Melioidose. suite et fin. Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses 1. 1971 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; China Lab Study Pathogens
Pfannenstiel, M. 1970. Das Meer in der Geschichte der Geologie. Geologische Rundschau 60:Mar-72. 1970 Oman Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Military; Salinity; Sediment
Bakus, G. J. 1968. Defensive mechanisms and ecology of some tropical holothurians. Marine Biology 2:23-32. 1968 Marshall Islands Algae; Discharges; Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Sediment; Sponges
O'Sullivan, A. J. and A. J. Richardson. 1967. The Torrey Canyon disaster and intertidal marine life. Nature 214:448-542. 1967 Cleaner & Solvent Use
W.F Hunt, J.M Hathaway, R.J Winston, S.J. Jadlocki. Runoff Volume Reduction by a Level Spreader - Vegetated Filter Strip System in Suburban Charlotte, NC. Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guillemot, N., M. Leopold, M. Cuif, and P. Chabanet. Characterization and management of informal fisheries confronted with socio-economic changes in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Fisheries Research US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
O'Garra, T. ESTIMATING THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE (TEV) OF THE NAVAKAVU LMMA (Locally Managed Marine Area) in Vitu Levu island (Fiji). Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific. US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Goodsell, P. J. and M. G. Chapman. Rehabilitation of Habitat and the Value of Artificial Reefs. Pages 333-344 in Wahl, M., editor. Marine Hard Bottom Communities, Ecological Studies 206. Artificial Habitat; Mitigation
Becker, E. L., E. E. Cordes, S. A. Macko, and C. R. Fisher. Importance of seep primary production to Lophelia pertusa and associated fauna in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers South & Central America; Mexico Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Snails & Conch
Tissier, M. L., editor. The DPSIR Framework Technical assistance to SMAP III ICZM Projects: A tool for integrated modelling and analysis in coastal zones. Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Changes
Venes, E. C. Cantilever steel fendering at the Port of Kismayo. Dredging and Port Construction 11:-18. Somalia Dredging, Draining, & Filling
Clark, M. R. and A. A. Rowden. Effect of deepwater trawling on the macro-invertebrate assemblages of seamounts on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Commercial Fisheries; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Stony Coral; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Maar, M., K. Bolding, J. K. Petersen, J. L. S. Hansen, and K. Timmermann. Local effects of blue mussels around turbine foundations in an ecosystem model of Nysted off-shore wind farm, Denmark. Journal of Sea Research Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Plankton
Peddicord, R. K. Impacts of open-water dredged material discharge. in [No source information available]. Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Military; Nutrients
Sera fy, D. K., D. J. Hartzband, and M. Bowen. Aquatic disposal field investigations Eatons Neck disposal site Long Island Sound. !Appendix C: predisposal baseline conditions of benthic assemblages. in [No source information available]. Field Study & Monitoring Bivalves; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Sediment
Le Guilloux, E., K. Olu, J. F. Bourillet, B. Savoye, S. P. Iglesias, and M. Sibuet. First observations of deep-sea coral reefs along the Angola margin. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography GIS & Maps Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Stony Coral
Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA. Global Climate; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing
Snelgrove, P. V. R., R. Petrecca, K. I. Stocks, C. Van Dover, and C. Ann Zimmer. A mosaic of diverse ideas: The ecological legacy of J. Frederick Grassle. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography Global Review; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Infrastructure; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
[No author name available]. Erik Viking . . . powerful new dredger for Jeddah port project. INT. DREDGING AND PORT CONSTRUCT., SERIES II 4. Saudi Arabia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Stony Coral
Mork, E., G. L. Sjoo, N. Kautsky, and T. R. McClanahan. Top-down and bottom-up regulation of macroalgal community structure on a Kenyan reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science Kenya Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Wolanski, E., G. L. Pickard, and D. L. B. Jupp. River plumes, coral reefs and mixing in the Gulf Papua and the Northern Great Barrier Reef. in [No source information available]. Australia Lab Study Discharges; Fish; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Skinner, R. H. and W. C. Jaap. Trace Metals and Pesticides in Sediments and Organisms in John Penekamp coral Reef State Park and Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary. Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Sediment
Anon,. Colloque International Sur L'Exploitation Des Oceans, 2Nd, 1974, Volume 1: Politiques De Developpement Oceanique, Volume 2: Mise En Valeur Industrielle Des Plateaux Continentaux, Volume 3: Systemes Des Mesures Pour L'Analyse Et La Prevision De L'Environne. in [No source information available]. Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Microorganisms; Pipelines; Salinity; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Mertz-Kraus, R., T. C. Brachert, M. Reuter, S. J. G. Galer, C. Fassoulas, and G. Iliopoulos. Late Miocene sea surface salinity variability and paleoclimate conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean inferred from coral aragonite δ 18O. Chemical Geology Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Iceland Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bird, E. C. F. Southern Arabia. in [No source information available]. Indian Ocean; India; Oman Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Imrie, J. A. and M. P. Rogers. Boat harbour construction in coral reef flat - Nuku'Alofa, Tonga. Pages 219-222 in IN: SECOND AUSTRALASIAN PORT, HARBOUR & OFFSHORE ENGNG. CONF. 1988, PREPRINT OF PAPERS, (BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA: OCT. 25-27, 198. Australia; Fiji; Tonga Finfish Harvest; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Andrady, A., P.J. Aucamp, A.F. Bais, C.L. Ballare, L.O. Bjorn, J.F. Bornman, M. Caldwell, T. Callaghan, A.P. Cullen, D.J. Erickson, F. R. de Gruijl, D-P. Hader, M. Ilyas, G. Kulandaivelu, H.D. Kumar, J. Longstreth, R.L. McKenzie, M. Norval, H.H. Redhwi, R.C. Smith, K.R. Solomon, B. Sulzberger, Y. Takizawa, X. Tang, A.H. Teramura, A. Torikai, J.C. van der Leun, S.R. Wilson, R.C. Worrest, R.G. Zepp. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF OZONE DEPLETION AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH CLIMATE CHANGE: 2004 PROGRESS REPORT. Climate
Falcao, M., M. N. Santos, T. Drago, D. Serpa, and C. Monteiro. Effect of artificial reefs (southern Portugal) on sediment-water transport of nutrients: Importance of the hydrodynamic regime. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Cook, S. E., K. W. Conway, and B. Burd. Status of the glass sponge reefs in the Georgia Basin. Marine Environmental Research Columbia GIS & Maps Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sediment; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Williams, K. C. A review of feeding practices and nutritional requirements of postlarval groupers. Aquaculture US Pacific & Hawaii Review Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Live Collection; Piscivorous Fish
Liu, P.-J., K.-T. Shao, R.-Q. Jan, T.-Y. Fan, S.-L. Wong, J.-S. Hwang, J.-P. Chen, C.-C. Chen, and H.-J. Lin. A trophic model of fringing coral reefs in Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan suggests overfishing. Marine Environmental Research Taiwan Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Herrara Consultants, Inc. Issaquah Stormwater Treatment Continuous Deflective Separation, Performance Monitoring Report, Prepared for City of Issaquah. Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Bivalve Aquaculture Biofouling Control These management options reduce, clean or remove biofouling organisms and other waste from bivalve production areas while minimizing environmental risk. Aquaculture shellfish production requires adequate food availability and water of dependable quantity and quality. Aquaculture operations and gear must have a minimal adverse impact on the surrounding water, plant, animal and human resources. Biofouling is detrimental to shellfish production, increasing exposure to pathogens, reducing the available food stuffs, and increasing organic loading. Only environmentally appropriate biofoul control methods should be used, and fouling organisms and algae should be disposed of appropriately to avoid local degradation. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. Conservation Practice Standard: Bivalve Aquaculture Gear and Biofouling Control. CODE 400, USDA.

Algae; Aquaculture; Arthropods; Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Domestic Animal Waste; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Improved Technology; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Octopus & Squid; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Snails & Conch; Supplemental Feeding
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Change Agricultural Cover Crop Practices Cover crop outreach entails changing agricultural practices in an area to leave vegetation and cover on the soil while growing other crops (e.g. Coffee). Agricultural practices that encourage leaving soil bare are extremely susceptible to erosion (e.g. sun grown Coffee). Cover crop methods and shade-grown crops (e.g. shade-grown Coffee) would reduce the large amount of sediment that is eroding, particularly from high elevations, and ultimately will reduce the amount of sediment that reaches the coral reefs. Options to encourage transition to cover crop practices include outreach to raise awareness of benefits and cost share programs to help farmers with the burden of the extra expense. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Conservation Cover. CODE 327. US Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Donations; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Responses; Sediment
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Sodic Soil Management In coastal agriculture it is important to manage and reduce accumulations of salts on the soil surface and down to the crop rooting depth. Saline seep often occurs in crop areas where the water table is very shallow. Irrigation management or drainage improvements may be necessary. Another option may be subsoiling, where internal soil drainage is restricted by layers of contrasting permeability and soil moisture levels are low enough to allow shattering and mixing of soil layers. Vegetative measures include planting deep rooted crops such as wheatgrass and alfalfa. Soil amendments can be used to treat sodium, displacing it with calcium depending on the specific chemistry of the soil. Though crop yield does not directly impact coral reefs, ground water restoration projects may change the raise the water table, making sodic soil management important. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Composting Composting involves the controlled aerobic decomposition of manure or other organic material by micro-organisms into a biologically stable organic material that is suitable for use as a soil supplement. Composting should be part of nutrient management plans because it reduces the pollution potential of organic wastes. Smaller scale household composting may reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream, where again it may have greater pollution potential. Larger volumes of material may require construction of containment facilities to ensure pollutants aren't able to enter runoff water in high concentrations. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Landscaping & Household Services; Littering; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Contour Farming Contour Farming involves sloping land in such a way that field preparation, planting and cultivating are done on the contour. This includes following established grades of terraces or diversions. During heavy rains the crop rows formed slow water runoff reducing erosion and water runoff of non-point source pollutants such as agricultural herbicides and fertilizers. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Pond Sealing Waste treatment ponds and pits are useful methods of treatment, but premature seepage from these storage impoundments would also have negative impacts. Bentonite Liner Treatment, Compacted Clay Treatment, Flexible membrane, and Soil Dispersant Treatment are all options for sealing treatment impoundments, depending on the specific soil suitability and other criteria. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Livestock Waste Storage and Utilization Confined animal facilities often produce large amounts of animal waste. This waste can be stored and disposed of in a variety of ways, and it is important to consider how rainwater may carry these wastes in groundwater. Wastes can be kept in temporary storage ponds, storage structures, or treatment lagoons. Once composted, these wastes may be applied to agricultural land in an environmentally acceptable manner in place of other fertilizers. Site selection, timing of application and rate of application must be properly managed to reduce the potential for degradation of ground water. Additionally, this practice may increase microbial action in the soil surface, which helps keep pesticides and other pollutants in place. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Fertilizer Application Management This agricultural best management practice involves the development, implementation and periodic update of nutrient management plans. Nutrient management plans are used to efficiently apply nutrients at appropriate rates so as to still achieve desired crop yields. There are several important measures and considerations that must be taken before developing the nutrient plan. Farm and field maps, yield expectations, nutrient resources, and geologic field limitations are all important. Some crops fix nitrogen, such as legumes, and have a nitrogen credit that must be factored. Field limitations include shallow aquifers, nearby surface water, sinkholes, and highly erodible soils. If the nutrients to be applied aren�t commercial they must be assessed to determine the nutrient value and the rate of availability of the nutrients. The nutrient plan�s timing and application methods should use the limiting nutrient concept and avoid applications to frozen soil and during periods of leaching or runoff. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Jokela, Bill, Peter Kleinman, John Peters, and Ann Wolf,. 2011. Manure Spreader Calibration & Manure Testing.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Grazing Land Management This management option protects range, pasture and other types of grazing lands for agricultural animals. Special actions should be taken to protect sensitive areas such as streams, wetlands and estuaries if livestock is to have access to these areas. Grazing management practices can be categorized into four types, vegetative stabilization, grazing management systems, access limitations and alternative water supplies. Vegetative stabilization involves reestablishing the vegetative cover on ranges after it has been removed by grazing to reduce erosion rates. Grazing management systems typically reduce the time livestock spend in each pasture to increase the quantity and quality of vegetation in those pastures. Grazing frequency, timing, duration, area allocation, and livestock distribution kind, class, distribution and stocking rates should all be considered in the management system to ensure adequate pasture rehabilitation. Access limitations, such as fencing and stream crossings are used to herd and control livestock movement. Physical disturbance from livestock can increase erosion, so crossings and watering access points should be hardened. Alternative water supplies are an alternative to more sensitive water sources that may be vulnerable to erosion and discharges from grazing areas. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Hydroseeding High Risk Soils Hydroseeding is a process that creates a slurry of seeds, water, and mulch. This slurry can be applied with the use of trucks, trailers, and even aircrafts. This method is particularly useful because it promotes quick germination and reduces erosion. It is especially beneficial to use this method where there is a vastness of bare soil due to clearing vegetation for roads, homes, and farming. Higher elevations are typically steeper and often experience heavy rainfall, and ultimately an extreme amount of erosion occurs if soil is bare. Erosion from the highlands can fill the reservoirs in the drainage basin with sediment. Using hydroseeding would increase vegetation and ultimately the stabilization of the soil. Also, increased vegetation through hydroseeding would help with infiltration rates because the roots would aerate the soil. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Reef Life; Sediment
Chemical Discharge Controls: Integrated pest Management Modify mosquito control programs/regulations The results of pesticide research program can be used to modify the existing mosquito control program as necessary. (312) NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water
Chemical Discharge Controls: Research impacts and alternatives This plan involves researching the impacts of current spraying practices on sanctuary resources and indentifying alternative means of mosquito control. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructure; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Pressures; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Water
Conducting Socioeconomic Research: Support science of socioeconomic analysis of marine protected areas Little is known about applied socioeconomic analysis to marine protected areas. Funding support will be provided for scientists to meet and share information on this subject. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Contact Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Pressures; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers
Corporate Response: Develop Outreach with Shipping Businesses This option requires the sanctuary to continue to alert shipping businesses about sanctuary regulations. Such regulations may include vessel waste discharge, ATBA, PSSA, etc. The targeted audiences will include importers, exporters, port authorities, commercial fishing companies, ship insurers. This information can be provided to the audience through NOAA nautical charts, trade publications, newsletters, trade shows, and direct mailings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finance & Insurance; Infrastructural Policies; Insurance; Manufacturing & Trade; Ports & Harbors; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Corporate Response: Develop Outreach with Local Businesses Information should be provided to business along the water so that employees will be aware of environmentally sensitive business practices. This can be achieved through informative brochures, and distributing other educational materials. These interactions can also be used to inform businesses of opportunities for voluntary certifications (#104). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Natural Physical Disturbance There are currently no standardized or uniform protocols to follow after natural or catastrophic events (such as hurricanes). Such protocols need to be developed in order to respond to specific issues that follow catastrophic natural events. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Monitor & Respond to Damages From Fishing Gear When a habitat is damaged or an injury occurs to natural resources as a result of fishing gear, it is beneficial to respond and assess. Responding appropriately is likely to involve other management options such as #91 if the injury was due to a violation. It is important to assess the damage and gather information as to why the injury occurred, so as to be able to find alternative fishing gear or practices that are less likely to cause such damages, for research such as #42. There should be protocols and methodologies for collecting damage assessment data to ensure it can be added to information systems such as #76 to track recovery, especially if repairing or restorative actions are taken. Standardized methods are also important when sharing this information with state and federal fisheries management (#64). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Natural Resource Injury Incident Litigation This management option involves sharing information and documentation regarding an injury incident so that litigation teams can proceed with legal action against responsible parties. This is achieved through providing vessel grounding litigation management participation in order to process the information collected during assessment phase of injury to help build a case against the responsible party. Also, it involves providing vessel grounding litigation case management support through providing reports, site reconnaissance, deposition, and witness testimonies in support of litigation. Lastly it would involve documenting and tracking costs along the way from field assessment work, reporting, etc. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Contact Uses; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies; Valuation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Operating Permits for Towing & Salvage Professionals This management option evaluates the need for a permitting system for all towing and salvage operations. This type of permit would require salvage operators to notify injury response when there are groundings. The permit program would also reduce impacts by ensuring operators know the proper practices and use the proper equipment to most effectively minimize damage to the operating area. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Develop Chain of Notification for Grounding Incidents This option advocates coordinating with other agencies such as FWC, NOAA, and local coral managers to determine the standard protocol and responsibilities when there are groundings. Through coordination, these agencies can determine threshold levels of damage for different responses and for notifying other agencies higher up the chain. Enhancing inter-agency coordination will be beneficial in terms of dealing with groundings because it will allow the problem to be fixed in a more time-efficient manner. Having a centralized grounding notification system is the first step of this management option, as it ensures all incidents pass through a single agency to determine further actions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Coordinated Oil & Hazardous Spill Response This management option calls for developing unified response protocols to deal with containment and clean-up of oil spills. This is important to protect corals, mangroves, and seagrasses from adverse impacts of hazardous materials. Given the limited number of spills and the importance of responding quickly, interagency coordination of reporting and response is essential for success. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Mass Coral Bleaching Events There are several actions managers can take to prepare for and respond to bleaching events. These strategies typically focus on developing and communicating reliable information about the bleaching event and its impacts, rather than providing a "cure." Developing a Bleaching response plan in advance allows managers to respond more effectively during these rapid onset events. Predicting the risk and severity of bleaching events can allow for more timely yet credible information for decision makers. After the bleaching event it is important to quickly access the ecological impacts for further management decisions. Bleached coral are in a vulnerable state, and are therefore less resilient to degraded water quality, physical damage from recreation, or pressure from fishing activities. This heightened sensitivity means that current protections may need to be increased temporarily following a bleaching event. Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching.

Atmospheric Emissions; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Climate Regulation; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Collaborate with Towing & Salvage Operators in Grounding Notification This option advocates the establishment of rapport between local operators and regulatory agencies. This is achieved through regular meetings and training sessions to emphasize the importance of operator cooperation in regards to vessel groundings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Large Ships; Military; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical Damage; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries form Derelict Vessels Semi- permanent/permanent vessels can have a negative impact on the surrounding local environment both due to the effects of shade and from the direct contact with the substrate. Sunken vessels that cannot be seen from the surface may present a danger to navigation. Derelict vessels that do not remain stationary may cause harm in multiple locations before becoming stationary. If fishing gear is still intact, it may cause further biological damage through "ghost fishing� (#283). Early response, creating mooring fields, pump-out stations, and providing support for removing derelict vessels, reduces the impact of these vessels. Also, the removal of intrusive vessels will help contribute to the restoration of reef areas to previous conditions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Military; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Stony Coral; Substrate; Transportation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Coastal Construction & Development This involves assessing coral, seagrass, and hard bottom substrate that is impacted during coastal construction repair or alternation. If unacceptable damages are occurring this information will be useful in future permit decision making. If infringements have occurred, this information may be useful for compensatory mitigation and liability for restoration of those natural resources injured. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Ports & Harbors; Reef Habitat; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Special Use Permitting; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Large Vessel Achoring Damage from freighter anchor is extreme due to the mere weight and size of the anchor and chain. The chain can even be more damaging as it drags along the benthic environment leaving behind catastrophic ruin. This management response would encourage the creation of restoration and monitoring methodologies in shallow reef areas as well as at greater depths. If unacceptable damages are occurring restrictions and regulations prohibiting the use of anchors in high risk areas should be instituted. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Cruise Ships; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Transportation; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Increase Public Grounding Notification Public notification of groundings can be increased through more centralized, accessible notification methods, and public education and outreach. Notification methods could include creating a �grounding hotline� with a central government agency as the enforcement dispatch center. By centralizing notification methods, public confusion over what agency to contact can be reduced. Education and outreach efforts should focus on the importance of grounding notification and awareness of notification methods (i.e. the hotline). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical Damage; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Transportation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Vessel Groundings This option involves assessing conditions and responding, as well as developing methodologies and protocols for coral dominated substrate, seagrass substrate, and mixed substrate. These protocols will help to determine how much damage has been done to the non-living coral framework. Ultimately, fine-tuning these protocols will allow for the most effective assessments. Evaluate these in light of current grounding regulations (#34). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Policies; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Stony Coral; Wetlands
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Geographic Information System Incorporating Satellite and Aerial Images This option involves the acquisition of high-resolution, low altitude photos of management areas and grounding hotspots. These photos can then be used for baseline documentation for natural resource litigation, research, and management decisions. If these images are to be incorporated into larger geodatabase, such as that proposed in # 166, a standardized protocol should be developed in advance, as suggested in management option #166. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Data Management & Decision Tools: Research and Model Causal Linkage Between Pollutants and Ecological Impact This involves conducting research to identify and document causal linkages between discharge water pollutants and specific, quantifiable ecological problems. The natural environment naturally assimilates some pollutants, but has thresholds for this type of contaminant processing. Different hydrology, biology and spatial/temporal factors are all going to play a roll in the linkage between pollutants and ecological problems, meaning modeling and risk assessment can be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Sewage Treatment; Stormwater Management; Sunscreen Use; Supporting Services; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop and Maintain Vessel Grounding Database This management approach would involve refining and maintaining a vessel grounding database and adequate staffing for on-going management, GIS processing of archived data, creating products for management case tracking, and developing a database that is user-friendly and useful. If previously established, the management option #165, will allow this data to be combined with similar data from other inventory management options such as #95, and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option #85. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Transportation Policies
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop and Maintain Database for Tracking Restoration, Repairs, and Monitoring Activities This response involves adapting NOAA�s Damage Assessment Center�s seagrass injury assessment team component to local management areas. If previously established, the management option # 165, will allow this data to be compared to previously collected baseline data such as that collected with management option #164. This would also allow for comparisons across different types of data, such as use changes, that would be contained in a #166. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Pressures; Remediation; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Print Marine Etiquette on Marine-Related Products Packaging Printing information on marine-related products regarding proper marine etiquette could be a possibility for raising awareness and improving public stewardship. Partnerships will be explored to help print etiquette information on materials such as bait boxes, ice bags, water buckets, etc. that are commonly used by stakeholders. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Establish VHF Radio Stations The local sanctuary staff should work to secure a VHF radio station dedicated to provide information about local boating and water activities in multiple languages. Broadcast messages can include, but are not limited to information about regulations, navigation, resources, weather, and reef conditions. This will help prevent boaters, divers, and fishermen from negatively affecting the ecosystem. Assessments regarding cost and target audience areas must be conducted and external funding pursued to supplement the expense. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Discharge Controls: Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards Effluent Toxicity is considered the aggregate toxic effect to aquatic organisms from all pollutants contained in a facility's wastewater (effluent). It is one part of the Water Quality Standards (#22) that prohibits the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts. Numerical criteria can be adopted from the Clean Water Act of based on scientifically-defensible methods. In addition to setting this numerical criteria, enforcement of the standards requires inspection programs and monitoring. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Improved Technology; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Discharge Controls: Survey and Manage Household Chemical Use This management option targets household indoor and outdoor chemical use (pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, cleaners, detergents, solvents, etc). Though these chemicals are typically used in small amounts, many make their way into the watershed because of improper use. Before designing a plan to manage these chemicals, data must be gathered from the local community through surveys. An ideal survey would gather information on what chemicals are being used, how they are used, and how they are disposed of. Enforcing proper use and disposal is very difficult, making a strong education program in response to findings from the study essential. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Culture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Housing; Improved Technology; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Controls; Shelter; Textiles & Apparel; Toxics
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Economic Markets & Policy: Create Alternative Livelihoods For Fishermen Many fishermen rely on their catch as their family�s main source of income. When restrictions are placed on fishing it can be to the economic detriment of these fishermen. By creating alternative means of earning income for these fishermen, social and economic goals are accomplished while decreasing pressures on natural fish populations. These alternatives often come in the form of aquaculture, which helps to still meet the demand for fish. Another common alternative is tourism; fishermen can use their knowledge and equipment such as boats to accommodate tourism and recreational fishing. All Islands Coral Reef Committee. Local Action Strategies. United States Coral Reef Task Force Accessed 6/13/2011.

Sumaila, U.R., William W. L. Cheung and Louise The. 2007. Rebuilding Hong Kong's marine fisheries: an evaluation of management options. FCRR 2007, Vol. 15(3), Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Health; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Social Assistance; Tourism & Recreation
Economic Markets & Policy: Regulate International Trade of Reef Species Many coral reef species are harvested internationally for a variety of markets including the aquarium trade, food, curios, jewelry and pharmaceuticals. The US is the largest importer for many of these markets. The US strictly limits extraction of stony coral and many reef species in its waters; but as a major importer and consumer of coral reef species, more actions can be taken to decrease the demand on international imports. Setting and enforcing regulations on what can be imported (such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CITES) is one approach that has been taken. More information is needed, leaving room to collect trade data and assess the impacts of extraction techniques to find sustainable methods. Demand for species collected this way will be increased with greater transparency to consumers, which can be accomplished through certifications for environmentally cognoscente collectors and those using alternatives like aquaculture and coral farming. Continued participation in Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is also beneficial. U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. International Trade in Coral and Coral Reef Species: The Role of the United States. Report of the Trade Subgroup of the International Working Group to the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, Washington, D.C.

World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Designate Protected Species; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Products; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Political Pressure; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Sponges; Stony Coral; Toxics; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Energy Policy & Development: Pipeline Maintenance Requirements The best way to ensure a high level of safety and reliability in operation of pipelines is to have a maintenance and inspection plan in place that targets damage, degradation or defects before they lead to failures. Economically, expenditures for maintenance and inspection are significantly less than those for emergency service in reaction to unforeseen situations. However, legislative requirements for plans, procedures and documentation ensures compliance with these best management practices. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Pipeline Maintenance Best Practices: Lessons Learned from the Natural Gas STAR Program. Charlotte (North Carolina).

United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators� Association. 2006. UKOPA Recommendations for Pipeline Maintenance and Inspection. UKOPA/06/0032,

Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig End of Life As oil production at a given offshore site decreases it becomes necessary to decommission the rigs that were drilling them. It is very expensive to dismantle and transport the rigs back to shore. One such well know case was Shell's Brent Spar 1995. Regulations on the end of life for oil rigs differ by country and even state within the US. The Minerals Management Service has a Rigs-to-Reefs program which supports and encourages the reuse of oil and gas structures for offshore artificial reef developments. If these structures are to be sunk as artificial reefs the normal permit requirements for artificial reefs still apply to ensure the structure will not interfere with navigation channels or degrade the environment. Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Maintenance and Use Regulations There are regulated procedures and documentation required during production operations to prevent major incidents that may harm workers or the environment. A major part of incident prevention is inspection and maintenance. Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Offshore Wind and Hydrokinetic Alternative Energies Policies encouraging or authorizing construction of offshore facilities are evolving, and there are many sides to the issue of how to best manage them. Alternative energies are desirable and would reduce the dependence on fossil fuel resources. However, hydrokinetic technologies are just becoming viable, meaning long term impacts are still unknown. Facilitative policies reduce barriers for alternative energy development or increase barriers or costs for incumbent technologies. These include research and innovation policies, technology improvement subsidies, market based policies that internalize externalities, and regulatory changes that simplify the permitting process. Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy.

Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Seawater Flow; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Construction Regulations The Minerals Management Service (MMS) has several requirements for leasing and permits for construction of new drilling rigs and platforms. Placement is very important so as to not interfere with other uses or the environment. These permits also cover exploratory structures for research and test sites. Minerals Management Service. 2006. Leasing Oil and Natural Gas Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA.

Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Energy Policy & Development: Cable and Pipeline Construction Assessments Pre-assessments must be conducted to ensure pipelines and cables buried on the ocean floor will not disrupt or destroy natural or cultural resources. Reach Networks Hong Kong Ltd. 2007. Project Profile: Asia-America Gateway (AAG) Cable Network, South Lantau. Wanchai, Hong Kong SAR.

Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Utilities; Utility Policies
Environmental Education: Deliver Non-Enforcement Resource Eductaion at the Resource Site Voluntary compliance (#50) is the most desirable form of site protection. Lack of compliance often occurs unintentionally, due to a lack of knowledge and understanding. Law enforcement plays a role by ensuring rules are appropriately followed, but often the preventative component of this enforcement becomes secondary, especially on high use days/areas. Volunteers can assist by answering questions and talking to people recreating about the reef, reef resources, and how to appropriately recreate. Volunteers can watch to ensure people are acting appropriately, that boaters do not go too close to shallow reefs, and that groundings do not occur. Programs such as Team OCEAN have contributed over 15,000 hours to such activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrate Harvest; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Social Organizations; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Evaluating Fishing Gear/Method Impacts: Conduct research on the ecological impacts on sanctuary preservation areas of baiting fishing and catch-and-release fishing by trolling It is necessary to asses the ecological effects of catch�and-release fishing by trolling and bait-fishing in order to make informed decisions regarding their provisions in protected areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Coral; Culture; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Pressures; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Evaluating Fishing Gear/Method Impacts: Evaluate impacts of existing fishing gear and methods on habitats Research is needed to investigate impact on habitat of commercial and recreation fishing gear and methods. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Coral; Culture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Pressures; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fishing & Harvesting Management: Derelict Fishing Gear & Ghost Fishing The term "ghost fishing" is used to describe the capture of marine organisms by lost or abandoned fishing gear. This is particularly a problem with gillnets, trammel nets and pots. Gear is usually lost because it becomes stuck on rough bottoms containing corals and stones, causing the buoy line to break during retrieval. Nets or pots may continue to fish for years, with captured fish and crustaceans dying and serving as attracting bait for more fish and organisms. Ghost fishing may therefore represent a serious problem in many areas, causing hidden fishing mortality over a long period of time. This management option co-insides with (#63) Respond to Natural Resource Injuries form Derelict Vessels. Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Arthropods; Artificial Habitat; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Fishing & Harvesting Management: Research Low-impact Fishing Gear & Methods Facilitating research to develop gear designs and fishing methods that minimize impacts is multifaceted. Ideal fishing gear is selective for the target species and sizes, with negligible direct or indirect impact on non-target species, sizes and habitats; but also efficient, giving quality, high catches at the lowest possible cost. Newly developed low-impact gear allows fishermen to fulfill their needs, providing food and income, while lessening the unintended environmental impact of those activities, like by-catch. Before an agency should promote new fishing gear or methods research is important to ensure there are no un-intended environmental tradeoffs. Biodegradable fishing line, modified traps, and buoy lines are examples of gear types that could be studied. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boat Movement; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Improved Technology; Invasive Species; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Debris; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Resource Use Management; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Forestry Policy: Forest Chemical Management Pesticides and fertilizers are commonly used in forestry to reduce mortality of desired trees, improve forest production, and ease harvest/extraction. The rate of application is typically very low, but given the overall area covered, pesticides can still accumulate within watersheds. Some forest management chemical use considerations to reduce nonpoint source pollution impacts include: Develop an effective spill contingency plan to contain spills, and immediately report accidental spills into surface waters to the appropriate State agency. Prior to application, inspect the mixing and loading process and the calibration of equipment, and identify the appropriate weather conditions, the spray area, and buffer areas for surface waters. Buffer areas for surface waters are especially important for aerial applications. Carefully prescribe the type and amount of pesticides appropriate for the insect, fungus, or herbaceous species. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Provisioning Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Water Resources; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Forestry Policy: Forestry Management Planning There are many aspects to properly managing forestry sites to reduce point source and non-point source pollutants. Forestry activities can degrade water quality with several types of pollutants and impacts, including: sediment, nutrients, forest chemicals like pesticides, organic debris from tree litter, increased water temperature and increased streamflow. The Forestry management plan and practices include, but are not limited to: pre-harvest planning, road construction and use, prescribed burning and fire management, brush management, timber harvest, regeneration, and application of forest chemicals. Wetlands Forest Management has additional best practices. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Biological Harvest; Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Forestry Policy: Forestry Streamside Management Areas There are often surface waters, such as streams and lakes, within forestry areas that require special protection. This management option involves establishing and maintaining management areas (35 to 50 feet) around these surface waters to buffer against changes in temperature, increases in sediments and nutrients, and to provide bank stability. Canopy species in these areas also provide woody debris needed for instream channel structure and aquatic species habitat. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Implementing Notification and Response Protocols: Implement �Eyes on the Water� This plan would entail teaming with volunteers and education staff to develop a volunteer training program to help report groundings. Training would include: incident recognition, documentation, and notification. Possible volunteers could be pulled from Team OCEAN, Reef Medics, Mote Marine Laboratory, professional fishing guides, etc. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security & Public Administration Policies; Social Organizations; Socio-Economic Drivers
Implementing Notification and Response Protocols: Coordinate with Other Management and Enforcement Agencies to Develop Standardized Vessel Grounding and Spill-Response Protocols This plan aims to coordinate with other management and enforcement agencies to create uniform spill response and vessel grounding protocols. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Dredging Regulations; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Injury Prevention: Minimize or Eliminate Impact from , Derelict or Sunken Vessels This option intends to reduce the effects of vessel impacts through creating mooring fields, pump-out stations, and providing support for removing derelict vessels. Actions such as these are important for reducing contact and waste impacts from live-aboard vessels. Also, the removal of intrusive vessels will help contribute to the restoration of reef areas to previous conditions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Injury Prevention: Foster Reef Resilience Resilience relates to how well the reef ecosystem is able to maintain key functions and processes while under abnormal pressure or stress. Two ways of supporting coral reef resilience are: incorporating known resilient areas into management design and by implementing strategies to either reinstate or protect factors that contribute to resilience, such as good environmental conditions, biological diversity, and connectivity. Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Contact Uses; Coral; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Pressures; Resource Use Management
Injury Prevention: Assist Education and Outreach This plan is to help prevent groundings. This can be achieved through providing products and information such as statistics, avoidance techniques, and legal/financial consequences. Such information would be provided for media, interest groups, periodicals, publications, and environmental organizations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers
Injury Prevention: Assist Waterway Marking/Management This management options involves reporting incidents to identify �hotspots� of seagrass and coral that have been negatively impacted by vessel groundings. This can be achieved through properly marking waterways develop regional patterns for vessel groundings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Contact Uses; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses
Landuse Management: Temporary Road Planning and Construction This management option involves minimizing sediment discharges from forestry and other temporary roads through their planning and construction. Since these roads are seasonal or temporary, less time and effort is normally invested in construction. Road construction has four main phases, clearing, leveling, construction and surfacing. Construction timing should be targeted to avoid sensitive spawning periods and during low stream flow at water passes. Road surface drainage shaping requires proper moisture content, surfacing, and grading. Drainage should be installed to reduce the volume and velocity of runoff water passing over sensitive areas. Methods for road surface drainage include: broad-based dip construction, pole culverts, ditch relief culverts, road outsloping and grading, ditch and turnout construction. Roadway runoff should be prevented from flowing directly into watercourses by using turnouts, wing ditches and dips. Brush barriers, silt fences, riprap and filter strips can be used to trap sediment in runoff water. Where roads cross streams it is important to guard against erosion, as such erosion may necessitate road repairs. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Landuse Management: Mine Reclamation Lands disturbed by mining must be reclaimed to their Approximate Original Contour (AOC). Mine operators must backfill, compact, and grade in order to restore the AOC of the land with all highwalls, spoil piles, and depressions eliminated. Spoil material is prone to erosion, and may carry various disturbed toxics into groundwater if not properly managed. Temporary roads and impervious surfaces may have also been constructed for mining purposes. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC.

Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Valuation; Waterborne Discharges
Landuse Management: Household Landscaping Best Management Practices Homeowners manipulate the visible features of the land surrounding their home through landscaping. This includes flora, fauna, and terrain. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for landscaping include selection of indigenous flora and fauna, landscape irrigation (sprinkler systems etc), stormwater runoff BMPs, reducing water use, integrated pest management, composting, and incorporation of permeable surfaces. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Addition; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Impervious Surfaces; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shelter; Supplemental Feeding; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Marine Zoning: Permitting Application & Award This management approach is important because permits assure protection and conservation of coral resources from harmful activities and practices. Within sanctuary waters, special use permits (#157) can be used to allow scientists and others to conduct necessary work while following permitting regulations to reduce the impact of that work. General permits are often required for altering land-use, construction projects and certain discharges. To be eligible for a permit, the operator may be required to conduct impact assessments, institute best management practices and conduct monitoring of the project. Though permits are a necessary precaution, the process can be streamlined through ensuring clear submittal requirements, and reducing redundancy. Redundancy often occurs when multiple agencies must approve a permit, a single point of contact and standard, inter-agency protocols can reduce unnecessary redundancy. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Impervious Surfaces; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting
Marine Zoning: Existing Management Areas The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) uses this zoning category to identify areas that are managed by other agencies where restrictions already exist. These zones delineate the existing jurisdictional authority of other agencies (i.e., State parks, aquatic preserves, sanctuaries, and other restricted areas). Management of these areas within the Sanctuary may require additional regulations or restrictions to adequately protect resources. Any additional management measures will be developed and implemented in coordination with the agency having jurisdictional authority. Their function is not to establish another layer of bureaucracy, but to recognize established management areas and, at a minimum, to complement the existing management programs, ensuring cooperation and coordination with other agencies. Existing Management Areas will be maintained through revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Utilize Marine Protected Areas for Research and Monitoring Research and monitoring of marine protected areas determine the degree to which the zones meet goals and objectives for protecting natural resources, as well as human-use patterns, attitudes and compliance. Once data is gathered from within the protected zone it can than be compared to comprable data from outside the protected zone, as a control. It is necessary to compile and review data on use patterns to determine where additional Special-Use Areas would be appropriate. Research in the protected area should be non-invasive. It is important to make the protected area available for external research as well. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fish; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Special Use Permit This permit allows otherwise prohibited activities to take place within sanctuaries. For example researchers may be able to perform certain activities if the research is beneficial to research and monitoring. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. Special Use Permits. National Marine Sanctuaries Accessed 6/13/2011.

Contact Uses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Marine Zoning: Special Use Areas Special use areas are set aside for specific scientific or educational purposes. This is in order to encourage the recovery or restoration of injured or degraded resources. Also, the areas may be designated to facilitate access to, or use of, resources, and prevent other user conflicts. Special-use areas are achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts; and determining/establishing appropriate zones for high-impact or user-conflict activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Biomedical Research Policies; Complex Habitat & Resources; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health Policies; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Marine Zoning: Utilize fully protected marine zones as research areas For all three types of fully protected marine zones, permitted researches may conduct non-invasive experiments to address management strategies. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Contact Uses; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Special Use Permitting
Marine Zoning: Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs) This is a type of Marine Zoning used by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). SPAs focus on the protection of shallow, heavily used reefs where conflicts occur between user groups, and where concentrated visitor activity leads to resource degradation. They are designed to enhance the reproductive capabilities of renewable resources, protect areas critical for sustaining and protecting important marine species, and reduce user conflicts in high-use areas. This is accomplished through a prohibition of consumptive activities within these areas. They have been chosen based on the status of important habitat, the ability of a particular area to sustain and protect the habitat, the level of visitor use, and the degree of conflict between consumptive and non-consumptive users. The actual size and location of these zones have been determined by examination of user patterns, aerial photography, and ground-truthing of specific habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artisanal Fishing; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Landscape Changes; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Small Boats; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) Wildlife Management Areas include bird nesting, resting, or feeding areas, turtle nesting beaches, and other sensitive habitats including shallow flats that are important feeding areas for fish. These areas seek to provide protection for endangered/threatened species or their habitats while at the same time providing opportunity for public use. Wildlife Management Areas are achieved through placing and maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; implementing management responsibilities; adjusting existing zone boundaries if needed; evaluating allowable activities within the boundaries and make changes if needed; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; monitoring the effectiveness of current zones; and revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Ecological Reserves (ERs) Ecological Reserves set aside areas with minimal human interference. These reserves aim to enhance and protect biodiversity through encompassing large, contiguous habitats. The goal of ecological reserves is to encourage spawning, nurseries, and residence areas that contribute to genetic protection of fish and marine life. Ecological Reserves can be achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation
Monitor & Research: Adaptive Management By definition, adaptive management is a structured management approach that links science to decision-making, thereby improving the probability of restoration success. It provides an efficient process to address risk and uncertainty inherent within ecosystem restoration by encouraging flexible plans and designs. Monitoring (#) is an important component of adaptive management. The affect of different restoration alternatives can be seen using monitoring data, and compared against other environmental variables to determine what the best future actions are based on results of previous projects. CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Public Administration; Regulating Services; Remediation; Scientific Research; Supporting Services
Monitor & Research: Survey and Collect Anecdotal Information Anecdotal information is to be solicited from experts and amateur public participation through surveys and workshops. Persons of interest include fishermen, recreational divers, recreational dive facilities, salvors and other locals with knowledge of marine resources in the area. Information they provide can help identify marine cultural and natural resources and help update resource inventory. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Products; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Water Transportation
Monitor & Research: Fisheries Sampling Improved fisheries sampling programs require improving the spatial resolution of commercial and recreation fisheries-dependent and fisheries-independent sampling programs to provide statistics on catch and effort. Improved sampling can be achieved through evaluating and enhancing census programs by using smaller sampling areas. Also, fishery pre-recruitment monitoring efforts should be continued for long-term prediction of fishery stocks. Last, investigating life histories of fishery species needs to be conducted because it is currently a gap. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Apex Fish Predators; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Herbivorous Fish
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Monitor & Research: Research Queen Conch Reproduction and Restoration Inshore Queen Conch may be experiencing reproductive failure. Research on various snails in other parts of the world has shown that snails are susceptible to endocrine disruption caused by various anthropogenic contaminants. This activity will determine the cause of reproductive failure, possibly by endocrine disruption, of queen conch in reef areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Applied Chemicals; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Recreational Fishing; Reef Inhabitants; Snails & Conch; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Research Historical Hydrology This activity involves a historical assessment of the hydrology of the surrounding water area around the sanctuary as it has affected water quality and biological communities within the sanctuary. It will clarify the role of freshwater inflows and water quality from local freshwater bodies. Also, this activity will examine the effects of structural modification and changes in quality, quantity, timing and distribution of freshwater releases from existing structures and will examine land-based practices affecting the water quality of runoff. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Research Global Change This management option involves research to examine the effects of stresses associated with global change on the ecosystem. Stresses can include changes in temperature, hydrology, salinity, frequency and intensity of storms, turbidity, sea level change, and ultra violet and visible radiation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Monitor & Research: Monitor Use Patterns on Artificial and Natural Reefs This management option seeks to provide data for decisions concerning creating new artificial reefs. Use data is important because justification for artificial reefs extends from their ability to shift use pressures (diving, fishing, etc.) from natural reefs. Once an artificial reef is decided on there is much more data to collect and factors to consider when deciding where the artificial reef (#189). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Defense; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing Sector; Military; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Valuation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Monitor & Research: Research and Monitor Wetlands This management option involves monitoring and research of mangroves, both for biotic and abiotic factors. Some biotic factors include disease, species, invasive species, abundance, age and leaf litter. Important abiotic factors include sedimentation rates, types and causes of turbidity, and soil chemistry. The activity would document changes to the extent of mangrove vegetation by using historical aerial photography and other records. Wetland nutrient and contaminant processing productivity depends on maintaining a balance and not exceeding thresholds. There remain many unknowns in wetland restoration as to optimal capacity and how to achieve this. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; Complex Habitat & Resources; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Primary Production; Regulating Services; Scientific Research; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Monitor & Research: Water Quality Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term, comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of water quality parameters. Parameters that should be measured include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, relative fluorescence, light attenuation, nutrients, chlorophyll, and alkaline phosphatase activity. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Supporting Services; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Monitor Sanctuary Use Patterns and Resource Value This management option seeks to provide data and analysis of consumptive and non-consumptive use of all natural resources within sanctuary borders. Special emphasis is to be placed on artificial and natural reef resources used by residents and visitors. Wherever possible, market and non-market values of these resources should be elicited as well. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Services; Economic Markets & Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Monitor & Research: Research Artificial Reef Siting, Size, and Materials Impact for Future Management Decisions The effects of artificial reefs on fish and invertebrate abundance and community composition and on other sanctuary resources need to be assessed. Siting and size considerations should include spatial components such as nearest natural reef, species connectivity, currents, distance to shore, expected use, hurricane occurances, etc. The longevity of artificial reefs composed of different materials needs to be evaluated and considered heavily. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce.

NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Debris; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Water Resources; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Monitor & Research: Develop Innovative Monitoring Tools This management option calls for identifying and evaluating monitoring tools and methodologies used to detect pollutants and identify cause-and-effect relationships among water quality and biological resources. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Chemical Variables; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Scientific Research; Toxics
Monitor & Research: Monitor Water Temperature Extreme water temperature fluctuations can lead to bleaching and disease in corals and mass mortality of seagrass. Recording thermographs are deployed throughout the sanctuary area to monitor seawater temperatures. Temperatures fluctuate greatly, meaning monitoring should be continued long term, and that historic data must be considered to discern trends. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Atmospheric Emissions; Climate; Climate Regulation; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Sea Temperatures
Monitor & Research: Utilize Managed Areas for Socioeconomic Research Data are needed to test hypotheses about the socioeconomic impact of marine zoning and user-group perceptions about changes in natural resources within the sanctuary area. User-group perception of changes in natural resources can be compared with quantitative ecological data to identify misconceptions and knowledge gaps. Providing funding opportunities for external scientists to conduct research in the managed area is another option. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Permitting & Zoning; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Valuation
Public Participation: Assist Seafood Watch Assist Seafood Watch and other sustainable seafood consumption initiatives, in their efforts to educate the public and promote sustainable seafood. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

SeafoodWatch. 2005. Sustainable Seafood Business Practices. Monteray Bay.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Sectors Filling Human Needs
Regulatory Review and Development: Develop Mobile Source Discharge Controls Pollution discharge controls regulate where different types of discharges are allowed and what acceptable quantities released are. Typically discharge controls target point sources in the form of effluent pipes (#280), but discharges also occur from mobile sources such as boats and ships. There may need to be revisions on where depositing fish, fish parts, bait, cooling water, engine exhaust, deck wash, and effluent can be released. In many areas, these items are often excluded as prohibited, and they should possibly be included. Pollution discharge controls are different from Water Quality Standards (#22) which set acceptable environmental limits and leave it up to the manager to meet those criteria. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Chemical Variables; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Large Ships; Littering; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical Damage; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Regulatory Review and Development: Ensure Consistency Among Fishing Regulations Consistency will improve administrative and regulatory coordination between fisheries regulatory agencies. This involves using a protocol for drafting and revising fisheries regulations in order to implement a consistent set of regulations throughout the protected reef area. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Change Salvaging & Towing Practices This option seeks to protect natural resources and reduce damage resulting from improper vessel salvage methods. In the past, salvage techniques have caused collateral damage when removing vessels grounded on the reef. These injuries often occur in the immediate area surrounding the grounded vessel but can be avoided with the use of proper salvage techniques developed with reef resources in mind. The principal causes of collateral injuries are dragging a vessel off the reef instead of floating it off; the use of steel towing cables that can drop on or drag across the substrate, impacting and dislodging resources (reef structure, corals, and sponges); and propwash and surge, generated by tugboat propellers, that displace sediment and dislodge organisms. To avoid or minimize collateral injuries, a reconnaissance survey should be conducted while the vessel is grounded to evaluate reef resources in the immediate area surrounding the vessel and determine an appropriate extraction route. Bunker fuel and cargo may need to be offloaded. Floating or buoyed towlines should be used instead of steel cables, and towing activities should be conducted at or near high tide to facilitate floating the vessel. Before and during the extraction, global positioning system (GPS) coordinates at the bow and stern of the vessel should be recorded to assist with future injury assessment. GPS tracking should be operating on the grounded vessel during egress from the site and on all salvage vessels or tugboats involved with the salvage operation. The outbound path for vessel extraction may also need to be buoyed, to help avoid or identify injuries that may occur during the salvage operation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Trampling; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Consider Regulations for Catch & Release Trolling This plan seeks to reduce or eliminate catch-and-release fishing in many fragile areas. First an assessment must be conducted to measure the effects of catch-and -release trolling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Change Personal Watercraft & Other Small Vessels Practices This activity would aim to reduce noise and pollution, and conflicts among PWC users, the resources, and Sanctuary users. Practices could be changed through requiring certain training to drive such vessels, or restricting which types can be used in designated coastal areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Designated Uses; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Activities Allowed in Existing Regulatory Zones There are five different types of regulatory zones within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Ecological Reserves, Sanctuary preservation Areas, Wildlife Management Areas, Existing Management Areas, and Special Use Areas. Each zone has a different set of prohibited or allowable activities. This type of diversity in zones allows for visitors to partake in the activity they desire, but in an area where the impact will be less severe. Allowable activities require periodic evaluation and may need to be changed or relocated to allow for recovery or to address other issues of concern. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Aquaculture/Mariculture Regulations This will help determine if there is a need to establish mariculture operations regulations and proceed accordingly. This would help satisfy the commercial demand for fish while taking pressure off of the wild species. Such regulations should consider where, when and what species of mariculture are allowable. The environmental impact mariculture has can vary depending on current, depth and distance to land, making location and even season important. The species being cultured is also an important consideration, especially if they are non-native or different genetically from the local natural population as escapes may occur. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

NEPA. 1998. MARICULTURE DRAFT POLICY AND REGULATION NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AUTHORITY COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT DIVISION. National Environment & Planning agency.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Designated Uses; Domestic Animal Waste; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Invasive Species; Resource Use Management; Supplemental Feeding
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Artificial Reef Regulations Discharge/depositing of materials and constructions on the seabed are both prohibited without permits, regulating the construction of new artificial reefs. Likewise, existing artificial reefs are protected through permit requirements for any alternation of the seabed. There are still further considerations for protecting artificial reefs. Artificial reef materials and construction choices are very important and may change based on the specific location and desired impacts. An artificial reef to attract recreational fishing differs from one for recreational divers or shoreline storm protection. Many artificial reefs were formally large ships, oil rigs or other types of waste that have been decommissioned and would be too large and expensive to dismantle on land. In these cases it is important to put restrictions on the sinking process to ensure there won�t be any type of chemical leakage and that the structure is stable on the seabed. (#189) (#190) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce.

NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Solid Waste Disposal; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waterborne Discharges
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Bait Fishing and/or Catch & Release Trolling Regulations This option seeks to reduce or eliminate bait fishing, and catch & release trolling in fragile areas. First assessments must be conducted to measure the effects of bait fishing and catch & release trolling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Channel & Reef Navigation Markers This option would evaluate the need for proper marking to ensure better navigation. There are many types of markers, including buoys, charts, beacons, and GPS mapping. Such markers can also be used to advocate prohibition on vessel speeds greater than idle speed in areas designated as idle-speed only/no-wake and around shallow reef locations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beach & Land Formation; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Transportation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Dredging Regulations Dredging is oftentimes prohibited with certain exceptions. Dredging regulation often falls under other controls over the alteration of the seabed, discharging or depositing materials. At times dredging is necessary for navigation or other activities, necessitating .permitting mechanisms for allowing otherwise prohibited activities. Revising the regulations to help eliminate negative dredge-and-fill activities within a certain distance of corals would be beneficial because it would help promote the reestablishment of sensitive benthic communities. Reservoirs may require periodic dredging to remove sediment that may have collected. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sand & Rock Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Transportation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Exotic Species Regulations The release of exotic species is already prohibited in many areas. Often these regulations do not consider exotic species released in ballast water. Regulations on discharge of ship ballast water containing exotic or non-indigenous species is therefore an area for regulatory improvement. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Ballast Discharge; Biocriteria; Biological Addition; Boating Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Invasive Species; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Fish Feeding Regulations Divers in FL are already prohibited from fish feeding. Further review may show a need to prohibited anyone in state water from feeding fish. There will need to be investigations on the biological and behavioral impacts of fish feeding. This investigation can be used to keep the status quo, or may encourage further regulations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Supplemental Feeding; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Fishing Gear/Fishing Methods Regulations In most regions there are already regulations that prohibit fishing methods that incorporate explosives, poisons, oil, and bleach. Further investigation may reveal additional methods, materials, or gear that should be prohibited as well. Regulations should aim to increase the use of low-impact gear (#194) in place of more destructive gear and methods. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Vessel Grounding Regulations In many areas, there are already regulations that target prop scarring to seagrasses and the seabed. Current boat grounding regulations should be evaluated to determine if additional regulations would be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Spearfishing Regulations Spearfishing is already prohibited in ecological reserves, sanctuary preservation areas, management areas, and special-use areas. There are additional considerations to be made to see if restrictions need to be extended in high priority areas. There may also be need to be further scientific study on the impacts of spearfishing. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Coral Touching Regulations Currently touching, removing, damaging, distributing, and injuring any living or dead coral or coral formation is prohibited in Sanctuary Preservation Areas and Ecological Reserves. An investigation will be conducted to consider extending this prohibition to high-use, sensitive and vulnerable areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Contact Uses; Coral; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Researching Other Pollutants and Water Quality Issues: Estimate other pollutant loadings This activity involves documenting the locations and magnitude of pollution impact other than wastewater. Sources can be from inside and outside of the Sanctuary. Pollutants can include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides. Water Quality standards (#22) Waste water (#21) NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pressures; Responses; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Resource Use Management: Seasonal Fisheries and Harvesting Finfish and shellfish stocks may be more or less susceptible to fishing pressures during certain times of the year. This may be due to seasonality of recruitment and/or changes in food/predation pressures. If fishing restrictions may be more successful if this seasonality is taken into consideration and fishing pressure adjusted accordingly. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Permitting & Zoning; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Resource Use Management: Designated Uses The water quality standards regulation requires that States and Tribes specify appropriate water uses to be achieved and protected. Appropriate uses are identified by taking into consideration the use and value of the water body for public water supply, for protection of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and for recreational, agricultural, industrial, and navigational purposes. In designating uses for a water body, States and Tribes examine the suitability of a water body for the uses based on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the water body, its geographical setting and scenic qualities, and economic considerations. Each water body does not necessarily require a unique set of uses. Instead, the characteristics necessary to support a use can be identified so that water bodies having those characteristics can be grouped together as supporting particular uses. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Environmental Protection Agency. What are Water Quality Standards? Designated Uses. Water: Water Quality Standards Accessed 7/12/2011.

Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Marine Products; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Resource Use Management: Marine Heritage Resource Protections This management option involves protecting underwater items/sites that have historical, cultural, archaeological, or paleontological significance. This response advocates permits for action that may degrade the resource. This can be accomplished through creating an MHR field unit, monitoring MHR site degradation, and evaluating excavation and mitigation techniques. Field units can help conduct field research and coordinated, permitted research activities. Experts relating to archaeological research underwater can also be hired with additional funding. Through evaluation of excavation techniques, new technologies can be suggested such as: turbidity screens, sediment removal equipment, and seagrass restoration/relocation protocols to lead to less disturbance. Inventory and decision tools can also be used in the aid of Maritime Heritage Resource protection. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mitigation; Physical Damage; Pipelines; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Valuation; Wetlands
Resource Use Management: Prevent Introduction of Invasive Species Preventing the introduction of invasive species involves public awareness of the invasive species, minimizing modes and prone areas for invasion, and detecting small populations for early eradication. Some common modes of terrestrial transportation include livestock and domestic animals, mowing equipment, and firewood. Clean equipment before transport to a new location. Remove soil from plants, and plant bare-root. Use high grade seed and weed free livestock feeds. Reduce opportunities for invasive plants by keeping native plant populations strong and healthy and seeding in cover crops to reduce barren soil. Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Ballast Discharge; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Manufacturing & Trade; Transportation; Water Transportation
Resource Use Management: Develop Live Collection Regulations Live collection is often more destructive than capture of food fishes because of the destructive methods used to remove live fish and invertebrates from the reef habitat. These methods include use of cyanide and explosives. Current methods should be assessed and alternatives should be developed or collection prohibited. World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Educational & Research Opportunities; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Catch Quotas Quotas designate the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) allocated to an operating unit such as a country, a vessel, a company or an individual fisherman (individual quota) depending on the system of allocation. Quotas may or may not be transferable, inheritable, and tradable. While generally used to allocate total allowable catch, quotas could be used also to allocate fishing effort or biomass. Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Resource Use Management: Develop Regulations for Sponge Fisheries Sponges play a vital role on reefs, providing structure, food and filtration. Depending on the method of removal, this process can be very destructive to other reef fauna and habitat. Research is needed to compare impacts of different sponge fishing methods in different areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boring Sponges; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Culture; Cyanobacteria; Educational & Research Opportunities; Encrusting Sponges; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Resource Use Management: Develop Water Efficiency Initiatives Reducing water use through cost effective water efficiency improvements can be beneficial as it reduces pressure on water as a finite resource and saves money. There are several ways water efficiency can be promoted. Some Water Efficiency BMPs recommended by the EPA include: Water Management Planning; Information and Education Programs; Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection and Repair; Water-Efficient Landscaping, Water-Efficient Irrigation; Toilets and Urinals; Faucets and Showerheads; Boiler/Steam Systems; Single-Pass Cooling Equipment; Cooling Tower Management; Commercial Kitchen Equipment; Laboratory/ Medical Equipment; Other Water Intensive Processes; Alternative Water Sources. One of the ways the US government has promoted Water Efficiency Initiatives is through Executive order 13123 which places certain water use reduction requirements on Federal Agencies. There are also existing funding and incentives for non-government sectors. Project funding comes in many forms, such as appropriations, energy savings performance contract (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contract (UESCs) programs; ratepayer incentive programs such as rebates from public benefit funds or utilities; and the retention of energy and water cost savings. US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423.

Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Water Efficiency Best Management Practices. Federal Energy Management Program Accessed 7/12/2011.

Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Designated Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Textiles & Apparel; Utilities; Utility Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Management Enforcement Marine protected areas and other types of coastal zone management areas have fisheries management policies that must be enforced in addition to the broader Statues, Regulation and Permit Requirements (#91). Illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing is a major problem worldwide. Management area policies must be enforced to have an impact on the fisheries stock. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Restoration: Reintroduce Indigenous Living Corals The approach reviews the policies and regulation regarding the re-introduction of living corals indigenous to a specific geographic location that were propagated in the lab. The concern about reintroduction of organisms from the lab and aquaria revolves around the possibility of introducing exotic or foreign strains of diseases to natural coral. Also, there is concern about introducing defective genetic material as well. One viable solution may be to reintroduce corals reared in in-situ coral nurseries. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Microorganisms; Reef Habitat; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Restoration: Environmental Remediation Environmental Remediation is a type of restoration that's focus ranges from Brownfields to Oil Spills to Hazardous Waste Sites. These restoration activities aim to restore the site to a previous condition, or to a condition that is not a threat to human health or other forms of life. Several standards can be used to determine when remediation is necessary and to what extent the environment should be restores. Biocriteria can be used to determine the degree of degradation to biological components of the site. Often it is the presence of a particular pollutant in the soil, water or air, which is above acceptable limits and will not degrade fast enough over a short period of time and therefore must be removed. Physical and chemical water quality criteria can be used to set maximum acceptable limits of water quality parameters. Air quality criteria can be used to set acceptable maximum and minimum air standards for remediation. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency.

Environment Protection Authority. EPA Guidelines for Environmental management of on-site remediation. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, Australia.

Applied Chemicals; Biocriteria; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Health; Health Policies; Landuse Management; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Military; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Valuation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Restoration: Removal of Invasive Algae Benthic organisms on reefs maintain a delicate balance competing for space. In many areas, the competition between coral and algae has fallen out of balance due to confounding factors. Factors such as decreased herbivorous fish and invertebrates, and invasive algae species have allowed faster growing algae to take over many reefs, often growing into smothering mats that cover and kill coral. In Hawaii, there has been some success physically removing invasive algae such as Kappaphycus using underwater vacuums extended down from barges or volunteer events in shallower areas. The Nature Conservancy. 2010.Two Million Pounds of Invasive Algae Removed From Maunalua Bay.

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Algae; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Coralline Algae; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Reef Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Landslide Treatments This management option is exercised to prevent down slope movement of earthen materials, including natural soils, and spoil/waste from mining or forestry activities. Extreme caution and planning must be exercised before permitting any personnel, equipment or other machinery into the slide area. An experienced engineer should analyze the stability of the site both before and after alterations are made to evaluate stability. Water Control: sources of water that enter the area can be controlled to keep the material dry, as it is typically more stable when dry. Loading Control: where appropriate, consider removing excess material from upper portions of the slide area to reduce slide mass. Slope Reduction: where practice, use grading to reduce the slope of the slide area. Increasing Internal Strength: consider the impact of removing and recompacting of material at designed levels of moisture and with biotechnical slope stabilization practices. External Restraints: external restraints can be used where slope movements must be limited due to surrounding valued improvements (e.g. structures), where manipulation of the material may not achieve desired improvements. External restraints must be designed to prevent overturning, sliding at or below the base, and bearing failure of the foundation. Vegetative Treatment: deep rooted grasses and shrubs with proven performance in soil bioengineering applications can be planted using selected soil bioengineering or biotechnical slope stabilization techniques appropriate to the site. Transpiration and infiltration should be considered when choosing vegetation. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Forestry; Infrastructure; Insurance; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Restoration: Beach Vegatation Restoration Natural beaches are often host to important costal dune ecosystems. Due to tourism, much of the vegetation that comprises these dune ecosystems may be compromised. The natural vegetation provides an important ecosystem service, with roots providing deep stabilization against physical damage and removal of that sand. Without such vegetation sand and dunes can be completely washed away during hurricanes and other surge events. The dunes themselves offer some protection to nearby inland infrastructure during these same storm events. When the beach past the dunes is for public access it is beneficial to build raised walk-overs over the dune vegetation. This prevents trampling, which leads to dune blowouts. Natural Resources Conservation Service, editor. 2007. Native Plants for Coastal Dune Restoration: What, When, and How for Florida. US Department of Agriculture.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Culture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Invasive Species; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Damage; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling
Restoration: Beach Renourishment and Nourishment Beaches are subject to natural accretion and erosion. Tourism is often best supported by wide, accessible, public sandy beaches. Beaches can be restored to counteract natural erosion by transporting large quantities of sand onto the beach. This sand often comes from nearby dredging. Caution should be used when restoring long sections of beaches, as often the area above the mean high tide line is littoral, or privately owned, and restoration of these beaches can impact these property rights, see "Stop the Beach Renourishment, Inc. v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (2010) U.S. Supreme Court decision." Beach protection or nourishment offers an alternative to this often expensive and abrupt type of renourishment, nourishment involves practices which encourage coastal accretion and discourage erosional forces. See "Florida's Beach and Shore Preservation Act" for some restrictions on this. NOAA Coastal Services Center. Beach Nourishment: A Guide for Local Government Officials. Coastal Services Center Accessed 6/17/2011.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Culture; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Recreational Opportunities; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Toxic Discharge Controls This option aims to eliminate unsightly residues, reduce erosion and control acid or otherwise toxic aqueous discharges from abandoned coal mines, coalmine waste or other types of land change. For toxic mine drainage, preventative actions include mine sealing, infiltration control, day lighting, and neutralization with alkaline material such as hydrated lime. Which action to take relies heavily on groundwater and runoff in the region of the mine. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Aquaculture; Coal Mining; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Restoration: Restore Reef Habitat and Salvage Benthic Inhabitants Injured by Physical Damage This management approach involves salvaging, maintenance, and re-stabilization or injured resources by management staff and private contractors in order to rescue and provide first aid following physical damage such as vessel groundings. This can be achieved using Reef Medics and other volunteer programs because these groups have experience with vessel navigation and operation, snorkeling, and SCUBA diving. Also, it allows for researchers to collect living coral material when relocation of such organisms is not possible. Salvage and re-stabilization is not limited to the living coral; octocorals, seagrasses, and the non-living framework may all be damaged of destabilized from groundings or other physical impacts. In addition to the habitat's structural integrity, it is important to re-establish aesthetics and ecological functionality. Funds from mitigation and case settlements should be used for this work, as long term costs of restoration and monitoring can be extensive. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collier, C., Dodge, R., Gilliiam, Gracie, K., Gregg, L., Jaap, W., Mastry, M., and Poulos, N. 2007. Rapid Response and Restoration for coral reef injuries in the southeest Florida. Southeast Florida Coral Reef Initiative.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Coral; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Octocoral; Physical Damage; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Transportation; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Infiltration This management option attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that control the volume of surface water, facilitating faster absorption of the stormwater into the ground. Often these structures are able to infiltrate larger amounts of water faster while reducing exposure to surface sediments and pollutants. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

US EPA. EPA Infiltration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that trap or filter impurities out of runoff water. These include but are not limited to, using swales, filter strips, oil/water separators, oil/grit separators, and sand filters. Often structural retrofitting is coupled with biological filters/controls to direct water as desired and to fully reap the benefits of both systems. Structural filters are often incorporated into retention/detention and infiltration systems as well. One disadvantage of structural filters is that they are often higher maintenance as sand and chambers fill and clog with pollutants over time. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Compost Filter System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Median Strip Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montgomery County Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Off-Line Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Oil/Water Separators. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Organic Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Peat Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Perimeter Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pocket Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rockville Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Sediment Basin (Water Quality Enhancement). Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Side-by-Side Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Trench with Oil/Grit Chamber. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Under-the-Swale Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Quality Volume (WQV) Storage Tank. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

US EPA. EPA Filtration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Manufactured Products for Stormwater Inlets. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Alum Injection. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Stormwater Pollution Reduction Through Instituting Preventitive Best Management Practices This method focuses on reducing the amount of harmful contaminants in stormwater runoff by establishing Best Management Practices that prevent the generation of the pollutant to begin with. These BMPs include educational programs, infrastructure improvements and agricultural BMPs. Examples of educational programs would be programs that educate the public on the importance of, and how to avoid depositing hazardous wastes, such as oil, into storm drains, or how to use landscape management controls to limit the chemical and debris that from enter stormwater runoff from their personal lawns. Infrastructure improvement could include the use of alternative turnarounds and street cleaning. Agricultural practices such as roofs and covers for pesticides and equipment, or use of bedding are both preventative stormwater practices. Some additional specific practices include: controlling fertilizer application, properly using and disposing of fertilizers, pesticides, motor oil, and other harmful chemicals, debris removal, exposure reduction, minimization of pollutants, parking lot cleaning, stormwater catch basin insert, eliminate curbs and gutters, green parking, green roofs, street design and patterns, bedding. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

US EPA. Alternative Turnarounds. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Eliminate Curbs and Gutters. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Parking. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Street Design and Patterns. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Agriculture; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Housing; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Mining; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Industry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Sustained Reservoir Minimum Release of Minimum Baseflow to Sustain Aquatic Habitat In some regions, even high intensity rivers (e.g. Rio Loco, Puerto Rico) are seasonal, drying for long enough to kill aquatic vegetation. Creating a constant baseflow would help sustain aquatic life and ultimately help to process nutrients. High intensity rivers are already prone to extreme channel erosion from the high flow rates, this erosion is even greater without any benthic biota to hold sediment on the river bottom. Restricting the release of reservoir water to that required to maintain aquatic biota would reduce the intensity of flow, stabilize the river bottom, create habitat and naturally process nutrients that could potentially contribute to eutrophication out on the coral reef. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Algae; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementing engineering techniques that allow natural processes and plants to act as filters. Such techniques would include using grass parking and turf covered swales. Many of these techniques, such as reversed elevations for planted areas in parking lots, can demonstrate benefits both as natural filters and for the vegetation that are used since it eliminates the need to water them with irrigation systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Basic Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bioretention System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Constructed Wetland. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Filter Strips. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Reversed Elevations System for Parking Lots and Planting Areas. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Riparian Forest Buffer. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Roadway Landscape Treatment System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Pond Design. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Retention/Detention This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. Water collection can be selective, targeting the first flush of water, which is typically the most polluted. Water retention has the additional benefit of later release at a place and time when the water is needed (e.g. for irrigation). Rainwater Collection Systems (#11) can be an important water resource in areas where freshwater is limited. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Detention Devices for Dry/Wet Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Water and Sediment Control Basin. CODE 638. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Volume Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Retention/Detention This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of natural structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. These structures are typically characterized as retention ponds and incorporate natural vegetation such as grass. These ponds may be dry, or may drain into nearby wetlands. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Rainwater Collection Systems Creating a rainwater collection system (either through policy change or the initiative of homeowners) would help in many ways. These systems would utilize water in an efficient manner. It would reduce the pressure of water as a finite resource. Water would be collected and utilized before it reaches the ground. Once rain falls to the ground, it picks up nutrients, chemicals, and pathogens on the ground and transports them in the form of runoff. Eventually this contaminated stormwater runoff enters water resources through the drainage basin. Collecting a considerable amount of water would prevent contamination of that water, and allow for it to be usable. Also, it would reduce the amount of water that is lost when it is contaminated as runoff. An overall reduced amount of stormwater runoff would reduce the amount of contaminants that would harm corals. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cisterns used for water harvesting. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shelter; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Transportation Policy: Airline Carbon Policy Civil aviation is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and this contribution has grown as the industry has grown. Some regions are implementing policies such as cap and trade that apply to the airline industry. Bruce Duguid. 2009. Fasten Your Seat Belt: Airlines and cap-and-trade. CTC764, Carbon Trust, United Kingdom.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Transportation Policy: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAF�) standards is to reduce fuel consumption by increasing the fuel economy of cars and light trucks. NHTSA sets fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the US while EPA calculates the average fuel economy for each manufacturer. Since the standard only dictates the average fuel economy, manufacturers can sell vehicles with higher or lower fuel economy than the standard. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE). Accessed 8/11/2011.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Industry; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Transportation Policy: Dust Control Application This action is taken to control dust from unpaved roads and other surfaces, which is generated by traffic and/or wind. Some dust control products (palliatives) for application include: water, hydroscopic palliatives, adhesive, petroleum emulsion, polymer emulsion, clay additive, and bituminous. There are specific considerations for application of each, including seasons and when to use which. For example, hygroscopic palliatives (control dust by absorbing water from the air) shall not be used in arid and semi-arid environments. Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride shall not be used in locations where the daily summertime relative humidity averages below 30%. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land & Air Transportation; Mining; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Wastewater Pollutants Impacts: Wastewater Pollutant Monitoring and Impact Studies Potential approaches to this management option include experimental studies, eutrophication gradient studies, comparative studies of impacted and non-impacted sites, historical studies, geography comparison, use of biochemical and ecological indicators, use of sewage tracers, and high-frequency and spatially intensive water quality sampling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Treating Effluent Water Through Wetlands Additional treatment of sewage is often a necessary management option because secondary treatment alone leaves 20,000 times more nutrients in the water than the safe limit for corals. High concentrations of nutrients in the water leads to eutrophication, and coral reefs are more sensitive to nutrient enrichment than any other coastal system. Wetlands are extremely successful at reducing nitrogen levels in water. Using natural wetlands or "living machines" to perform this task can actually be more cost effective than further sewage treatment. Each successive wetland treatment cell of the series can provide incredible levels of denitrification, and thus protect corals from nutrient enrichment. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Water Quality Management: Landfill & Solid Waste Disposal Site Assessment Strategy This option seeks to reduce/eliminate pollution from leaching at landfill sites. High risk, old landfill sites that may have hazardous waste must be identified. Once identified, monitoring at these landfills should be intensified to insure leaching does not occur into marine systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Littering; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Water Quality Management: Pet Waste Cleanup Ordinance & Education In residential areas, pet waste can contributes to the large amount of nutrients and pathogens that enter the water through stormwater runoff. This is especially useful in regions such as Gu�nica, Puerto Rico where there are a lot of stray dogs. Education for pet-owners and possible ordinance would help decrease harmful pathogens reaching corals through stormwater runoff and reduce eutrophication. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Animal Waste Collection. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011.

Clary, J., Leisenring, M., and Jeray, J. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Pollutant Category Summary: Fecal Indicator Bacteria. Wright Water Engineers.

Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Culture; Cyanobacteria; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Domestic Animal Waste; Environmental Education & Outreach; Health; Health Policies; Invasive Species; Landscaping & Household Services; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Stormwater Management; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Protection of Resources from Hazardous Materials & Spills Wherever possible, take actions to decrease the likelihood of hazardous materials spills near corals. Even when risks are reduced significantly, spills may still occur, necessitating contingency plans (#56). In order for reef managers to stay informed of the latest spills/updates, a spill-reporting system should be established along with a geo-referenced database that keeps track of all spills within a certain distance of reefs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands.

USCG. 2007. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Florida Keys.

Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Wastewater Management System Standards This management option involves reducing the amount of pollutants entering groundwater by enforcing existing standards. Inspection and compliance programs for cesspits, Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) and septic tanks are necessary to do this. Municipal sewage treatment plants have a variety of means to meet these standards, including improving management of current treatment systems or upgrading treatment systems with newer technology. Some of these technologies include: Continuous-Flow, Suspended-Growth Aerobic Systems (CFSGAS), Fixed-film, Sequencing batch reactor systems, Stabilization ponds, FWS constructed wetlands, and other aquatic systems (#2), Enhanced nutrient removal: phosphorus & nitrogen, Recirculating sand/media filters and Land treatment systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Center for Watershed Protection. 2004. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination. US EPA.

US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA.

Chemical Variables; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Reduce Pollution & Discharges from Marinas & Live-Aboards This management option strives to reduce and eliminate the discharge of wastewater and pollution within zones near corals. In many instances, "no-discharge" zones already exist and are simply poorly enforced. In other instances the discharge limits are not stringent enough. Successful regulation requires marinas to be equipped with the proper infrastructure to support transfer of wastewater from vessels to shore-side for treatment. This infrastructure includes: pump-out facilities and mobile pump-out services. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Cyanobacteria; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Health; Health Policies; Marine Debris; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Refine Pest Spraying Program This strategy aims to reduce the amount of pesticides that could potentially enter the water from spraying for pests such as mosquitoes. A site-specific combination of pest prevention, pest avoidance, pest monitoring, and pest suppression strategies (PAMs) should be used. Aerial spraying is often used only when the mosquito concentration reaches a specific threshold. The mosquito spraying strategy would review the aerial spraying threshold to see if it could be raised, to reduce frequency of use. Refining spraying technologies would be advocated to see if newer techniques/technologies would possibly reduce the amount of pesticides released over water. For identified water quality concerns related to pesticide leaching, solution runoff and adsorbed runoff, the current version of the USDA-NRCS WIN-PST program should be used to evaluate potential risks to humans and/or fish, as appropriate, for each pesticide to be used. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). CODE 595. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Controls; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Toxics
Water Quality Plans: Reducing Pollution Discharges from Marinas and Live-Aboards This plan strives to reduced pollution discharges through more strictly enforcing already-existing regulations for discharging. This includes enforcing regulations that restrict boaters from releasing sewage into state waters and requiring connecting toilets to shore-side plumbing. Also, this entails enforcing "no-discharge" zones where live-aboard vessels congregate or where there is history of violation issues with sewage release. The third component to this plan would be to develop and education plan to educate boaters on how/why to reduce pollution from their vessels. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

US EPA. 2011. Vessel General Permit Fact Sheet.

2005. Brightwork: Best Management Practices Manual for Maine's Boatyards and Marinas.

Biological Addition; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Health; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Sewage Treatment; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Plans: Resource Monitoring of Surface Discharges This strategy will identify the impacts of point-source discharges by requiring all National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System dischargers to develop monitoring programs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Manage Canal Water Quality This management option addresses water quality issues that may arise from nearshore, confined areas, specifically dead-end canals. This management response does not focus on wastewater discharges into canals, but instead on the hydrologic structure and orientation of the canal itself. Physical problems with canal orientation can lead to such problems as low flushing and build-up of weed wrack. This is a problem because the build-up of weed wrack consumes oxygen and releases nutrients as it decays. When combined with low flushing and circulation, dead end canals have decreased oxygen concentrations, accelerated eutrophication, and accumulate organic materials, pollutants and sediment. To improve the current canal system, management can inventory and map canals to identify high risk hotspots and candidates for future canal restoration projects. Canals are typically constructed to best suit the water access needs of local homes and businesses. Preventing high risk canals from being constructed, or placing certain requirements on their construction through permitting is one way to reduce future problem spots. Some design strategies include: Construct non-linear canals without right-angles and flared inlets oriented to prevailing winds. Instead of dead-ends, canals should include a flow through water exchange system or install mechanical pumps. Canals should be as wide as possible in relation to depth and length. Canal depth should be uniform or progressively shallower away from the parent waterbody, with sloping banks (eliminate requirements for navigable depths to shoreline). Some canal improvement strategies include: Implement weed gates, air curtains, and aeration systems. Direct all stormwater and effluent away from canal systems. Reduce bulkheading and restore native vegetative buffers (#1). Promote diversity of substrates and habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Collaborate with Projects Changing Water-Flow Other organizations may be performing restorative freshwater projects (Everglades Restoration) or other flow altering projects (e.g. canals for small boats, agricultural irrigation etc) that affect the downstream marine management area (Florida Bay). Projects on the coast that involve hydrologic modifications (such as changing salinity) must be closely monitored in order to protect reef quality. Reefs are very sensitive systems and can only survive in a narrow salinity range. By taking an active role and monitoring freshwater flow projects, management staff can better ensure proper consideration of the impact on coastal marine environments. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. 2010. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: 2009 System Status Report.

Collaboration & Partnering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Salinity; Security & Public Administration Policies; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Aquatic Organism Passage This management action allows for upstream and downstream passage for fish and other aquatic organisms. The passage of these organisms is often restricted by barriers which must be modified, removed, or worked around with fishways. Sites should be evaluated for variations in discharge, tidal influence, hydraulics, geomorphic impacts, sediment transport and continuity, and organic debris movement. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Water Resources
Waterway Management: Lagoon Restoration Many times lagoons/wetlands are filled for urban development, agricultural development, etc. Lagoons/wetlands are a sink for nutrients, sediment, and contaminants. Wetlands close to reef watersheds can be huge contributors to reef health. This is because wetlands intercept surface-water runoff from higher, drier land and retain excess nutrients and pollutants. Also, lagoons are beneficial because they provide habitat for an array of wildlife. Overall, they can greatly reduce the amount nutrient-contaminated water that reaches corals. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Chapter 13, Part 650. Wetland Restoration, Enhancement or Creation. Engineering Field Handbook. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Supporting Services; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Waterway Management/Marking Plan Proper waterway markings provide coherent guidance for boats. Clearly-marked waterway exits and entrances reduce the probability of damage to reefs from boat gear damage, boat movement, trampling, and ballast discharge. Waterway marking can be achieved through surveying damage from propeller scarring and vessel groundings, enhancing channel marking aids, assessing the effectiveness of channel marking, and through removing waterway obstructions. "Hotspots" where many incidents have been reported should be considered for further marking, especially those that are in high use areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Trampling; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Starting slower releases for longer durations from high-intensity rivers in coastal watershed and other methods of reducing sediment transport Slower releases with longer durations would be an advantage to short, intense releases. This is because current short, high intensity releases from rivers that are in the coastal watershed (like Rio Loco into Lagos Loco and Lucchetti) contributes to additional channel erosion and increase of suspending sediments in the water. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Light; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Mooring Buoy Management Installing mooring buoys is encouraged in order to prevent damage to corals from anchors. Areas that experience a lot of traffic from recreation and fishing will experience damage from vessel groundings and boat gear. Mooring buoys help to minimize damage to corals and at the same time provide access to water resources. Mooring buoys protect as well as lower resource-use conflicts. Mooring buoy management is achieved through maintaining existing mooring buoys; assessing current buoy technology; reviewing visitor-use and boating data; developing sitting criteria; recommending new sites; conducting site assessments; installing additional buoys; and implementing vessel size limits in high-use and sensitive areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Altmeier, Bernie. FKNMS Mooring Buoy Mainenance. NOAA: FKNMS Mooring Buoy Manual Accessed 3/23/2011.

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Stream Bank Riparian Plantings Planting native vegetation and trees in riparian zones helps to reduce erosion within channels. Such vegetation helps anchor the soil and sediment in place. Planting in riparian zones goes in hand with Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure (#274). This management option can be exercised in streams, canals used for boat passage, stormwater drainage ditches, or in agricultural irrigation channels. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Carbon Storage & Cycling; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Sediment; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Utilities; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Boat Access Plan An optimal boat access strategy involves conducting a survey of all public and private boat access points throughout the area. Once entry and exit sites are identified, channel markings can be placed accordingly. An effective strategy must also consider boat access needs, location, and intensity of use. This will help to efficiently mark the waterways so that there can be a reduction in damage to reefs, seagrasses and wetlands. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Transportation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Control River Volume Using Dams and Resevoirs Constructing dams and creating reservoirs can have many affects, both positive and negative. Like smaller scale structural stormwater retention (#263), this management option retains groundwater for later controlled release. On this scale, the creation of a reservoir may require flooding of an area behind the dam that had other uses (e.g. agriculture). Proper vegetation can be used in and around the reservoir to incorporate biological filtration (#261). Slowing the release of water into rivers reduces the intensity of flow, reducing channel erosion. However, water should still be released consistently to allow for aquatic habitat to be maintained on the river bottom (#8). Lastly, with the correct infrastructure, a dam can be used as a sustainable hydroelectric energy source. Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure Canal and irrigation infrastructure typically includes concrete structures to control the flow of water. These low head dams, bulkheads, concrete footers, and other structures act as constricting forces in channels. This constriction leads to debris becoming lodged and thus changing the erosive forces. In turn, banks become destabilized. Channel erosion then increases along with bed scour and sediment transport. Removing these structures and making banks more gradual has the added benefit of allowing for riparian vegetation to be planted, which acts as a natural buffer. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
25-Year Permits for Maintenance Dredging in Deepwater Ports; Deepwater Ports Maintenance Dredging and Disposal Manual, 62-045 Florida Administrative Code. 62-45.001 Authority, Intent and Policy. (1) This chapter is promulgated under the authority of Sections 403.061(26) and 403.816(1), F.S. (2) It is the intent of this chapter to establish a permitting system for maintenance dredging in deep water commercial navigation areas of the ports listed in Rule 62-45.020, F.A.C. This chapter incorporates standards and criteria which recognize the present most beneficial use of these waters for deep water commercial navigation. Since the implementation of a comprehensive maintenance dredging management plan is a major factor in determining the adequacy of a long-term maintenance dredging program, it is the further intent of this chapter to give a position of prominence to such a plan within this permit system. (3) It is the policy of the Department to provide a regulatory process which will enable the ports to conduct maintenance dredging in an environmentally sound, expeditious and efficient manner.62-45.020 Scope. (1) The permit system established by this chapter applies only to the ports of Ft. Pierce, Jacksonville, Miami, Palm Beach, Panama City, Pensacola, Port Canaveral, Port Everglades, Port Manatee, Port St. Joe, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. (2) The activities which may be included within a permit issued under this chapter are limited to maintenance dredging and disposal of the maintenance dredged material. (3) Applicants for permits under this chapter are limited to the port authorities or private interests using the port for deep water commercial shipping and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Department shall not issue separate permits to the port authority or private interests and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers when the responsibility of maintenance dredging or the disposal of the maintenance dredged material from the port is shared by any of the parties. The permit, if issued, shall clearly specify the duties and responsibilities of each party. (4) A permit may be issued for any length of time up to 25 years. There shall be no more than one such permit for each of the ports listed in subsection (1). (5) The area within which work under this permit system may take place is limited to the federally maintained, port authority maintained, or private interest maintained navigation channels, turning basins, or harbor berths associated with deep water commercial navigation and associated dredged material disposal sites. Eligible port maintenance dredging areas are depicted on NOS Charts Nos. 11491 (Port of Jacksonville), 11478 (Port Canaveral), 11475 (Fort Pierce Harbor), 11466 (Port of Palm Beach), 11468 (Port of Miami), 11470 (Port Everglades), 11413 (Tampa Bay, Northern Part), 11414 (Tampa Bay, Southern Part), 11393 (Port St. Joe), 11391 (Panama City), and 11383 (Port of Pensacola) on file with the Department and adopted here by reference. Copies are available at cost upon request from the Office of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, MS 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000.

Application to Coral Reefs:Proper, environmentally sound, dredging and disposal of dredged material, as reviewed by permit processers, will limit the amount of sediment and nutrients released to open water. The process will be particularly applicable to coral reefs for the dredging and disposal of Miiami harbor.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Large Ships; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment
Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987, 43 United States Code §§ 2101-2106. To establish title to certain abandoned shipwrecks. U. S. Government asserted three categories of abandoned shipwrecks; embedded in a State's submerged lands, embedded in corralline formations protected by a State on its submerged lands, located on a State's submerged lands and included or determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register of historic Places.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act requires, but is not limited to, development by NPS of guidelines for States and Federal agencies to develop appropriate and consistant policies to protect national resources and habitat areas, and to provide for public and private sector recovery consistant with historical values and environmental integrety. Corralline structures are specifically protected by the Act.

Legislative Actions:Specific response will vary from Federal agency to Federal agency and State to State.

Comments:The NPS published non-binding, advisory guidelines for States and Federal agencies to establish, review, revise, and implement programs to manage shipwrecks under their ownership or control. The guidance is entitled "Abondoned Shipwreck Act Guidelines."   		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States; US State Waters 		Artificial Habitat; Coral; Designated Uses; Marine Protected Areas; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Administrative fines for damaging State Lands of products thereof, 18-14 Florida Administrative Code. 18-14.003 Violations. It shall be a violation of this rule for any person or the agent of any person to knowingly refuse to comply with any provision of Chapter 253, F.S., willfully violate any provision of Chapter 253, F.S., or to willfully damage state land (the ownership or boundaries of which have been established by the state) or products thereof, by doing any of the following: (1) Fill, excavate, or dredge, including prop dredging in a manner which produces a defined channel, on state land without the lease, license, easement or other form of consent required by the Board. (2) Remove, in violation of state or federal law, any product from state land without written approval or specific exemption from the Board or Department. (3) Discharge contaminants, wastes, effluents, sewage or any other pollutant as defined in Chapter 376 or Chapter 403, F.S., on, under or over state land; when such discharge is in violation of Chapter 403 or conditions of a permit issued pursuant to that chapter, or conditions of a lease or easement issued pursuant to Chapter 253, F.S. - 37 (4) Maintain, place or build permanent or temporary structures, including, but not limited to, additions to existing structures; all structures whose use is not water-dependent; sanitary septic systems; fences, docks and pilings; houses; oil rigs; and utility installations on or over state land without consent or authority from the Board or Department. (5) Place garbage, refuse, or debris on or over state land without approval by the Board or Department. (6) Any other willful act that causes damage to state land, or products thereof, when such activity occurs without the required approval by the Board or Department.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling and limiting excavation and dredging, as well as discharge of contaminants, wastes, sewage, and other pollutants will assist in keeping sediment and pollutants from reaching the coral reefs and causing degradation of reef organisms..

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Administrative Fines for Damaging State Lands or Products Thereof 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Substrate; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Air Pollution Control, 62-204 Florida Administrative Code (1996). 62-204.100 Purpose and Scope. (1) This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. (2) In addition, this chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have been adopted; further designates certain attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as air quality maintenance areas for particular pollutants; classifies all areas of the state as Class I, Class II, or Class III for determining which set of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments apply; and designates all attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as one or more PSD areas for determining which pollutant-specific PSD baseline dates apply. This chapter also sets forth procedures for redesignating and reclassifying areas as above. (3) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to identify the Florida State Implementation Plan (SIP) required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51; to set forth the public notice and hearing requirements that the Department will adhere to for making SIP revisions; and to set forth the definitions, criteria, and procedures that the Department will use to review a federal agency�s general conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; and to adopt by reference an interagency memorandum of agreement that the Department will comply with to review any transportation conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart T. The provisions to 40 C.F.R. 51.853 require that a federal agency make a general conformity determination for any federal agency action in a nonattainment or maintenance area, to ensure that such action is consistent with the SIP and that such federal conformity determination be reviewed by the affected state. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. 51.394 require that a transportation conformity determination be made for the adoption, acceptance, approval, or support of certain transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, and transportation projects in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants to ensure that such actions are consistent with the SIP. (4) Finally, this chapter adopts and incorporates by reference federal air pollution control regulations which are referenced in whole or in part throughout the Department�s air pollution control rules.

Application to Coral Reefs:By reducing emmissions to air, particularly carbon dioxide, the pH of ocean waters will not be reduced and that is a direct benefit to coral reefs, since a reduction in pH is believed to be detrimental to corals.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassified with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have benn adopted.

Comments:This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Amendment to the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations revising the boundary of the northernmost area to be avoided off the coast of Florida, Federal Register § Volume 65, Number226 (2000). NOAA, in conjunction with the US Coast Guard, proposed to revise the northernmost area to be avoided (ATBA) off the coast of the Florida Keys. The change was expected to increaase maritime safety and to avoid harm to the marine environment and its resources.

Application to Coral Reefs:The amendments directly protect coral reefs because the change of the nothernmost area presented in the regulation as Area To Be Avoided resulted in large vessels not entering the area that had been the site of large vessel groundings.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in conjunction with the US Coast Guard

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Civil Engineering & Construction; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Cruise Ships; Fish; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical Damage; Reef Inhabitants; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Amendment to the U.S. Caribbean Fishery Management Plans, Code of Federal Regulations § 600 and 622. NMFS issues this final rule to implement a comprehensive amendment prepared by the Caribbean Fishery Management Council (Council) to amend its Reef Fish, Spiny Lobster, Queen Conch, and Coral Fishery Management Plans (FMPs). The comprehensive amendment is designed to ensure the FMPs are fully compliant with the provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson-Stevens Act). This final rule redefines the fishery management units for the FMPs; establishes seasonal closures; imposes gear restrictions and requirements; revises requirements for marking pots and traps; and prohibits the filleting of fish at sea. In addition, the comprehensive amendment establishes biological reference points and stock status criteria; establishes rebuilding schedules and strategies to end overfishing and rebuild overfished stocks; provides for standardized collection of bycatch data; minimizes bycatch and bycatch mortality to the extent practicable; designates essential fish habitat (EFH) and EFH habitat areas of particular concern (HAPCs); and minimizes adverse impacts on such habitat to the extent practicable. The intended effect of this final rule is to achieve optimum yield in the fisheries and provide social and economic benefits associated with maintaining healthy stocks.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects coral reefs in the USVI and Puerto Rico from overfishing reef resources, specifically reef fish, lobster, and queen conch taking. It establishs seasonal closures, restrictions on the gear used, lists areas of specific biological reference points, and has a schedule and strategy for restocking fishery resources.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Recreational Fishing; Reef Inhabitants
American Antiquities Act of 1906, 16 United States Code §§ 431-433. The Act provides penalties for unauthorized collection, excavation, or destruction of historic or prehistoric ruins, monuments, or objects of antiquity on lands owned or controlled by the United States. It authorized that areas of extrodinary geographical, historical , aesthetic value can be designated national monuments.

Application to Coral Reefs:Has been used by Presidential Proclamation in 2001 to expand or create two national monuments; the Virgin Islands Coral Reef Monument and the Buck Island Reef National Monument. The monuments include coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		City Planning; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Coral; Docks & Marinas; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management
Anadromous Fish Conservation Act of 1965, as amended, 16 United States Code § 757. The Act is intended to conserve anadromous fish. It authorizes the Secretatries of Interior and Commerce to enter into cooperatve agreements with states and other non-federal interests for conservation, development and enhancement of anadromous fish and contribute up to fifty percent as the federal share of the cost of carrying out such agreements. Reclamation construction projects for water resource projects needed solely for such fish are also authorized.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Projects are for conservation, development, and enhancement on fisheries.

Comments: 		Department of Interior/Department of Commerce

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Apex Fish Predators; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 as amended, 16 United States Code § 470. To protect historic ruins, monuments, and objects of antiquity. Strenghtens and expands the protective provisions of the Antiquities Act of 1906 regarding archeological resources. It also revised the permitting process for conducting archeological research.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territorial Waters; US Territories; Designated Marine Areas; US Virgin Islands 		Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Responses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, 18-18 Florida Administrative Code. 18-18.001 Intent. (1) The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, the boundaries of which are fully described in Rule 18-18.002, F.A.C., was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (2) These rules shall apply to all lands public and private within the boundaries of the preserve. However, privately owned uplands shall be excluded from these rules except as otherwise provided for herein. (3) In promulgating and implementing these rules, it is the intent of the Department to construe the provisions of Sections 258.397 and 258.35 through 258.46, F.S., together and to apply the more stringent statutory provisions for the maintenance of the preserve. (4) The preserve shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserve through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserve so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the legislature in creating the preserve; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the Act and these rules, to assist in managing the preserve; (e) To encourage activities that protect or enhance the biological and aesthetic values of the preserve, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions towards their natural condition, when reviewing applications or developing and implementing management plans for the preserve; (f) To preserve and promote indigenous life forms and habitats including but not limited to sponges, soft corals, hard corals, seagrasses, mangroves, mud flats, marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, marine mammals, tropical marine invertebrates, birds and shellfish; (g) To acquire additional title interests in land wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological or aesthetic values of the preserve.

Application to Coral Reefs:Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve protection of water quality will contribute to a lowering of contaminants leaving the preserve on tides and thus limiting the contaminants that reach off-shore ecosystems including the FKNMS and the reef system within the sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter establishes the rules to protect the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, which was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Chapter 1: Wildlife including protected areas, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates hunting, including for migratory birds, wildlife restoration, establishes and regulates wildlife and marine sactuaries and game preserves.

Application to Coral Reefs:The coral reefs of the US Virgin Islands are within the boundaries off the marine sanctuaries and therefore have the same protection that marine sanctuaries have. Special licenses are required for scientific investigation and for collectors. In wildlife and marine sanctuaries, except under proper permit, taking or posessing any bird, fish, or other wildlife is illegal. Discharge of a firearm or release of arrows (spearfishing) in wildlife or marine sanctuaries is illegal. No form of waste can be thrown, placed or deposited in a wildlife or marine sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:The Commissioner or any USVI resident can commence a civil action. Civil penalties for violators are not to exceed $50,000 per day. Any knowingly or negligently discharging polluants can be crimimnally punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more

Comments:Commissioner of Planning and Natural Resources can designate and establish wildlife and marine sanctuaries, and accept monitary and animal donations from the United States. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Arthropods; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Chapter 10: Open shorelines, 12 Virgin Islands Code. The seashore has always provided recreation, meditation, and physical therapy to the residents of the USVI. The shoreline provides access to the sea and a way of life for fisherman.The law requires that the public be given access to shorelines of the USVI for use and enjoyment.

Application to Coral Reefs:The limitation on barriers, obstructions, and retraints to beach access will have a minor role in protecting coral reefs because sedimentation that would have been associated with that minor construction will not occur.

Legislative Actions:No person, firm, corporation, association or other legal entity shall create, erect, maintain, or construct any obstruction, barrier, or restraint of any nature whatsoever upon, across or within the shorelines of the USVI as defined in this section, which would interfere with the right of the public individually and collectively. to use and enjoy any shoreline.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Vertebrates; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Chapter 13: Environmental protection, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Establishes an environmental protection program for land development to prevent soil erosion and for the conservation of beaches, shorelines, and the coastal zone of USVI. Rules and Regulations were to prevent improper development of land and harmful environmental changes.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Earth Change Plan review will indicate any adverse environmental impacts, including those that could effect coral reefs such as sedimentation.

Legislative Actions:The law requires an "Earth Change Plan" from the Department of Planning and Natural Resources before any land can be cleared, graded, filled, or otherwise disturbed. Violation from the approved Earth Change Plan is punishable by a fine of $200 per day per violation. Violation of other portions of the Chapter is punishable by $5,000 fine or one year imprisionment per violation. Development in the first tierof the coastal zone requires a coastal zone permit.

Comments:Chapter 13 includes comprehensive erosion and sediment control measures applicable to public and private developments including construction and maintenance of streets and roads. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management; Shoreline Armoring
Chapter 17: Oil soil prevention and pollution control, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Prohibits the discharge of oil, petroleum products or their by-products, and other pollutants into or upon any coastal waters, estuaries, tidal flats, beaches, and land adjoining the seacoast of the Territory. Requires prompt containment and removal of petroleum.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects ecosystems, including coral reefs, from petroleum spills and provides for cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Established the Virgin Island Coastal Protection Fund of $1,000,000 for cleanup response. Prohibits derilict vessels upon any public waters or ports. Provides for civil penaltiesup to $50,000per day. Requires a National Contingency Plan.

Comments:Because it is the intent of this chapter to provide the means for rapid and effective cleanup and to minimize damages, any licensee and its agents or servants, including vessels destined for or leaving a licensee's terminal facility, who permits or suffers a prohibited discharge or other polluting condition to take place within territorial boundaries shall be liable to the territory for all costs of cleanup or other damage incurred by the territory and for damages resulting from injury to others. The territory shall have an absolute maritime lien which shall attach to any vessel and its freight on behalf of the territory or any person injured, for all costs of cleanup and other damages incurred as a result of a prohibited discharge. In any suit to enforce claims of the territory under this chapter, it shall not be necessary for the territory to plead or prove negligence in any form or manner on the part of the licensee or any vessel. If the territory is damaged by a discharge prohibited by this chapter it need only plead and prove the fact of the prohibited discharge or other polluting condition and that it occurred. In addition to the civil penalty, the pilot and the master of any vessel or person in charge of any licensee's terminal facility who fails to give immediate notification of a discharge to the harbor master and nearest U.S. Coast Guard station shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not less than $5,000 nor more than $10,000. The Department shall, by rules and regulations, require that the licensee designate a person at the terminal facility who shall be the person in charge of that facility for the purposes specified by this section. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Water Resources
Chapter 2: Protection of indigenous, endangered and threatened fish, wildlife and plants, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates activities, including scientific research, that could affect indigenous species and species considered at risk (threatened) or endangered, establishes species of special concern and habitats that should be protected, requires permits for trimming mangroves

Application to Coral Reefs:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Legislative Actions:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Chapter 21: Virgin Islands coastal zone management, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Protect, maintain, preserve and, where feasible, enhance and restore, the overall quality of the environment in the coastal zone, the natural and man-made resources therein, and the scenic and historic resources of the coastal zone for he benefit of residents of and visitors of the USVI

Application to Coral Reefs:The Legislature stated coastal zone protection will conserve ecologically significant resource areas for their contribution to marine productivity and value as wildlife habitats, and preserve the function and integrity of reefs, marine meadows, salt ponds, mangroves and other significant natural areas. The legislation will also maintain or increase coastal water quality through control of erosion, sedimentation, runoff, siltation and sewage discharge.

Legislative Actions:Any violation of the chapter will be grounds for revocation or suspension of coastal zone permit and an order to cease and desist. Any person who violates any provision of the chapter shall be subject to a civil fine not to exceed $10,000 per day. Exemplary damages may be assessed at the discretion of the court.

Comments:Section 908 of the law shows Coastal Zone Boundaries. Section 909 shows areas of special concern. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring
Chapter 3: Trees and vegetation next to waterways, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Establishes buffer zone for protecting natural watercourses from vegetation clearing. The buffer zone either 30 feet from the center of the natural watercourse, or 25 feet from its edge, whichever is greater.

Application to Coral Reefs:Assists in erosion control and can protect reefs from harmful sedimentation, if the stream or river sediment is capable of reaching the coral reef. Vegetation along river and stream banks will remove nutrients and assist in preventing eutrophocation of waters that can reach coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Enforcement is by conservation officers with assistance from local police when required. Penalties are fines of not more than $100, or 180 days in jail, or both

Comments:Permits can be obtained if the purpose of clearing is for development. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management; Shoreline Protection; Wetlands
Chapter 7: Water pollution control, 12 Virgin Islands Code. In coordination with EPA through Section 401 of the Clean Water Act, establishes controls for the discharge of wastewater and other pollutants to waters of the USVI, sets water quality standards. The Commissioner sets water quality standards applicable to he United States Virgin Islands to protect the public health and welfare and the present and future usa of such waters for public water supplies, propagation of fish, aquatic life and wildlife , recreational purposes and other legitamate uses. The standards are to be reviewed every three years.

Application to Coral Reefs:Water of polluted quality is detrimental to propagation and survival of coral reef organisms. Setting appropriate water quality standards will play a major role in protecting coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Commissioner or any USVI resident can commence a civil action. Civil penalties for violators are not to exceed $50,000 per day. Any knowingly or negligently discharging polluants can be crimimnally punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more than $75,000 per day of violation. A second conviction can be punishable up to a fine of $100,000, six years in jail, or both.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Biocriteria; Discharges; Health Policies; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code §§ 7400 et seq. To ensure Americans have clean air to breath, and to protect the environment from air pollution. Regulates air emmissions from area, stationary and mobile sources. Charges federal land managers with direct responsibility to protect the "air quality and related values" of land under their control. The "related values" include fish and widlife and their habitats. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibility for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act would decrease carbon dioxide emissions from sources in the United States, thereby making a contribution toward reducing ocean acidification, which is one of the problems contributing to coral reef decline.

Legislative Actions:Response will differ from State to State because many Sates have been delegated to administer the Clean Air Act. However, States cannot have air quality standards less stringent then the federal standards. State air pollution agencies hold permit hearings and fines industries that violate air quality limits. States must develop state implementation plans that require approval by EPA.

Comments:The 1990 amendments authorized the Acid Deposition Control Program, a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, established permit program requirements, expanded and modified the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and expanded and modified enforcement authority. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Transportation Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Clean Water Act of 1974, 33 United States Code § 1252. To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act can be used to establish water quality standards for the disharge of pollutants into surface waters. Section 101 (3) stated that it will be the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts will be prohibited. The legislation employs a variety of regulatory and nonregulatory tools to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. The tools are employed to achieve the broad goal of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters so they can support "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water."

Legislative Actions:During the late 1980's, the program shifted from program-by-program, source by source, pollutant-by-pollutant approach to more holistic water-shed strategies. Under the watershed approach equal emphasis is placed on protecting healthy waters and restoring impaired waters. Also during the 1980's, voluntary programs for nonpoint runoff and regulatory programs for wet weather point sources began to be addressed.

Comments:The Federal Water Pollution Contrl Act Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500, replaced the previous language of the Act entirely, including the Water Quality Act of 1965, the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, all of which had been amendments of the Water Pollution Control Act first passed in 1956. The 1977 amendments, PL 95-217, further amended PL 92-500. 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territories 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Drinking Water Supply; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 (CBRA), 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. Promote more appropriate use and conservation of coastal barriers along the Atlantic, Gulf and Great Lakes coastlines. Minimize the loss of human life; reduce wasteful expenditures on shoreline development; minimize damage to wildlife, marine life, and other natural services, and establish a coastal barrier resources system.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restrict most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals. 		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coral; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Wetlands
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1451-1456. Preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the Nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present.

Legislative Actions:In addition, the Act authorized a national system of estuarine sanctuaries and the establishment of national field laboratories with a 50/50 cost-sharing grants with coastal states.

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States; State Coastal Waters 		City Planning; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended through 2004,. A voluntary national program to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans and requires that "any federal activity within or outside of the coastal zone that affects any land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone" shall be "consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the enforceable policies" of a state's coastal zone management plan. The law includes an Enhancement Grants program for protecting, restoring, or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands. It also establishes the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, guidelines for estuarine research, and financial assistance for land acquisition.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present.

Legislative Actions:The 1985 amendments (PL 99-272) established the National Estuarine Reserve Research System a State-Federal process for designating national reserves and guidelines for estuarine research.The 1990 amendments (PL 101-508) established new Enhancement Grants for eight specific areas, including protecting, restoring or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands and assessing the cumulative effects of coastal development on coastal wetlands and fishery resource. Also, the 1990 statute established a new Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The 1998 and 2004 (PL 105-383 and PL 108-456) established a program for the prevention and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia, and included authorization for a representative of the Department of Interior to assess the economic and ecological impacts of algal blooms and hypoxia.

Comments:If implemented, the programs for economic, ecological and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia would be useful for coral reef issues. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Economic Markets & Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, "Superfund", 42 United States Code §§ 9601-9675. Provides Liability, compensation, cleanup, and emergency response for hazardous substances released into the environment.

Application to Coral Reefs:If a hazardous waste is spilled or discaharge illegally at or near a coral reef, the CERCLA could be used for rapid response and cleanup of the spill or discharge.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Remediation; Waste Management Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Conceptual Agency Review, 62-029 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter is limited in application to dredge and fill permit applications for projects in the geographical territory of the Northwest Florida Water Management District which, pursuant to Section 373.4145, F.S., are to be reviewed and processed under the rules authorized and adopted under Sections 403.91-.929, F.S. (1984 Supp.), as amended. (1) The purpose of this rule is to establish those procedures applicable to review of requests for conceptual agency review pursuant to Section 380.06(9), F.S., for projects that undergo development of regional impact review (DRIs). (2) Conceptual agency review is a licensing action and approval or denial shall constitute final agency action. (3) Under this rule, applicants who must obtain construction or operation permits for potential sources of water pollution or for dredging and filling activities may apply for conceptual agency review of certain aspects of a proposed development, including the location, densities, intensity of use, character and major design features.

Application to Coral Reefs:Limited to projects in Northwest Florida.

Legislative Actions:The legislation applies only to dredge and fill projects in the area of the Northwest Florida Water Mkanagement District.

Comments:The purpose of this rule is to establish those procedures for dredge and fill permit applications for projects in the geographical territory of the Northwest Florida Water Management District that require conceptual agency review of certain aspects of a proposed development, including the location, densities, intensity of use, character and major design features. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Delegation of the Environmental Resource Program to Local Governments, 62-344 Florida Administrative Code. (1) This chapter guides the participation of counties, municipalities and local pollution control programs in an efficient, streamlined permitting system by setting forth the procedures and requirements for delegations of all or a part of the environmental resource permit program from the Department and water management districts to local governments in accordance with the provisions of Sections 373.103(8) and 373.441, F.S. This chapter also constitutes the Department�s authorization, in accordance with Section 373.103(8), F.S., for delegations of the environmental resource permit program from the water management districts to local governments provided that the procedures for delegation contained in this chapter are followed by the Districts. Delegations from the Department and Districts shall be for the respective environmental resource permit program responsibilities of the Department and the Suwannee River, St. Johns River, Southwest Florida and South Florida Water Management Districts, as set forth in operating agreements listed in Chapter 62-113, F.A.C. Delegation agreements between the Department and local governments shall be listed in Chapter 62-113, F.A.C., and delegation agreements between the Districts and local governments shall be listed in Chapters 40B-1, 40C-1, 40D-1, and 40E-1, F.A.C. (2) Nothing in this chapter shall preclude the Department, Districts, and local governments from entering into contracts or interagency agreements as provided by law. (3) Except as specifically provided in this chapter, nothing herein shall prevent a local government from adopting and implementing an environmental regulatory program pursuant to its own authority. (4) It is an objective of the Department and Districts to protect the functions of entire ecological systems, as defined and developed in the programs, rules and plans of the Department and water management districts. It is the intent of the Department and Districts that any local government receiving delegation of all or a portion of the environmental resource program carry out that program in a manner consistent with this objective. This paragraph shall not be construed or applied as additional permitting criteria beyond those adopted by the reviewing agency or the local government.

Application to Coral Reefs:In theory, delegating stormwater pond construction and wetland functional determinations, as well as most otrher issues related to stormwater and wetlands, to local government will produce more efficient permitting and oversight. Therefore, treated water that is discharged and reaches any ecosystem should contain less contamination than the same water if it had not treated.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Guides the participation of counties, municipalities and local pollution control programs in an efficient, streamlined permitting system by setting forth the procedures and requirements for delegations of all or a part of the environmental resource permit program from the Department and water management districts to local governments 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Manufacturing & Trade; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Delineation of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters, 62-340 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2000). The Rule's intent is to provide a unified statewide methodology for the delineation of the extent of wetlands to satisfy the mandate of Section 373.421, F. S.

Application to Coral Reefs:Preservation of wetlands will allow them to continue to function as buffers for sediment and contaminant control keeping them from reaching estuarine and marine waters and eventually habitats including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative and methodological for delineation purposes.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Drinking Water Supply; Energy Policy & Development; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands
Domestic Wastewater Facilities, 62-600 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Section 403.021(2), Florida Statutes, as amended, the Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act, established that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessary to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Toward this end, Sections 403.085 and 403.086, Florida Statutes, set forth requirements for the treatment and reuse or disposal of domestic wastewater. Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, requires that any Department planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be developed as a rule. This chapter is promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of Sections 120.53(1), 120.55, 403.021, 403.051, 403.061, 403.062, 403.064, 403.085, 403.086, 403.087, 403.088, 403.0881, 403.101, 403.131, 403.161, 403.182, 403.859, and 403.918, Florida Statutes, concerning domestic wastewater facilities. - 442 (2) The requirements of this chapter represent the specific requirements of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and of Local Pollution Control Programs approved and established pursuant to Section 403.182, Florida Statutes, where such authority has been delegated to those programs. It may be necessary for domestic wastewater facilities to conform with requirements of other agencies, established via interagency agreements (e.g., for mosquito control); the absence of reference to such arrangements in this chapter does not negate the need for compliance with those requirements. (3) The purpose of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., is to provide minimum standards for the design of domestic wastewater facilities and to establish minimum treatment and disinfection requirements for the operation of domestic wastewater facilities. All systems shall be designed in accordance with sound engineering practice. Supported by moderating provisions, it is intended that Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., establish a framework whereby design flexibility and sound engineering practice can be used in developing systems with which to manage domestic wastewater in an environmentally sound manner. (4) As appropriate, Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., shall be used in conjunction with other Department rules relating to the design and operation and maintenance of domestic wastewater facilities. (5) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities (including residuals management facilities). (a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and modifications or expansions of existing facilities that submit complete permit applications to the Department after July 1, 1991. (b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit complete applications for permit renewal after July 1, 1991. (6) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications on or before July 1, 1991, may: (a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the time the permit was issued and with the conditions of the existing construction or operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or (b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter. (7) The standards and requirements of Part II of Chapter 62-600, F.A.C., and Rules 62-600.500 and 62-600.530, F.A.C., shall be applicable to septic tank drainfield systems and other on-site waste treatment systems with subsurface disposal regulated by this chapter. The reliability requirements of paragraph 62-600.400(1)(b), F.A.C., shall not apply to such septic tank drainfield systems and other on-site waste treatment systems. (8) The discharge limitation of subsection 62-600.510(4), F.A.C., shall not be applicable to facilities permitted on or before January 1, 1982, that discharge into Class II waters or Class III waters which are subsequently reclassified as Class II waters. (9) This chapter provides for exemptions, allowances for existing facilities and variations from standards and requirements. Unless specifically provided otherwise, no wastewater permit shall be issued or renewed unless the permit applicant demonstrates that the subject facility is in compliance with the applicable provisions of this chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:Setting construction and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the processes for planning, design, construction, modification, or operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant monitoring, 62-601 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Section 403.051(2)(a), Florida Statutes, as amended, part of the Florida Air and Water Pollution Control Act, requires that any Department operating standards, criteria, and requirements for wastewater facilities be developed as a rule. This rule is promulgated to implement the provisions and requirements of the Act concerning domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring. (2) The purpose of Chapter 62-601, F.A.C., is to ensure that owners and operators of domestic wastewater treatment facilities maintain accurate records and submit reports required by this Chapter in a timely, accurate, cost-effective and uniform manner. (3) Standards and requirements in this chapter shall apply only to domestic wastewater treatment, reuse, and disposal facilities (including residuals management facilities). The standards and requirements are not applicable to facilities described in Rules 62-600.120(1) and (2), F.A.C. (a) Standards and requirements shall apply to all new facilities and modifications or expansions of existing facilities that submit complete permit applications to the Department after July 1, 1991. (b) Standards and requirements shall apply to all existing facilities that submit complete applications for permit renewal after July 1, 1991. (4) Domestic wastewater facilities that submit complete permit applications on or before July 1, 1991 may: (a) Continue to comply with the rule requirements that were in effect at the time the permit was issued and with the conditions of the existing construction or operation permit until the expiration of such permit, or (b) Opt to comply with the requirements of this revised chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:Setting monitoring requirements and treatment water quality criteria for wastewater facilities will provide a system of less contaminated water being discharged to surface waters. The environmental impact of the wastewater will be less harmful to ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:to implement the provisions and requirements concerning domestic wastewater treatment plant monitoring 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Biocriteria; Building & Home Construction; Discharge Limitations; Manufacturing & Trade; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Dredge and Fill Activities, 62-312 Florida Administrative Code. This part provides the requirements and procedures for obtaining permits and jurisdictional declaratory statements from the Department pursuant to Sections 403.91 through 403.929, F.S. Dredging or filling which is grandfathered by subsections 403.913(6), (8) and (9), F.S., is governed by Rules 62-312.150 and 62-312.160, F.A.C. The requirements of this part are in addition to and not in lieu of the water quality standards which are required by other portions of these sections. Except for the definitions contained in Rule 62-312.020, F.A.C., which shall also apply to activities regulated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., the provisions of this Part shall only apply to activities in the geographical territory of the Northwest Florida Water Management District and to activities grandfathered under Sections 373.414(9), (11), (12)(a), (13), (14), (15) and (16), F.S. Specific Authority 373.414(11)-(16), 373.4145, 403.805(1) FS. Law Implemented 373.409, 373.413, 373.414(9), (11), (12)(a), (13), (14), (15), (16), 373.4145, 373.416, 373.418, 403.061, 403.813, 403.814 FS. History�New 12-10-84, Amended 8-7-85, Formerly 17-12.010, 17-312.010, Amended 10-3-95.

Application to Coral Reefs:The permit reviewers will require BMP for dredge and fill activities. This will include siltation reduction methods that will keep sediment, nutrient and other contaminants from leaving the work site and getting into the water column and potentially reaching sensitive ecosysten, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This part provides the requirements and procedures for obtaining permits and jurisdictional declaratory statements from the Department for dredge and fill activities. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters 		Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Large Ships; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Toxics
Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986, 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. Promote the conservations of wetlands for public benefit and to assist in the compliance with international obligations under various treaties and conventions for migratory birds.

Application to Coral Reefs:Indirect application to protection of coral reefs through wetland functions of nutrient (particularly nitrogen) and sediment removal from land-based discharges prior to their entrance into open coastal waters.

Legislative Actions:Authorizied the purchase of wetlands from the land and Water Conservation Fund monies. Required States to include wetlands in their Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans.

Comments:Secretary of Interior was required to establish a National Wetland Priority Conservation Plan to identify the locations and types of wetlands that should be priorities for state and federal acquisition. The Act established various fee schedules for entering national wildlife refuges.   		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Endangered and Threatened Species; Critical Habitat for Threatened Elkhorn and Staghorn Corals, 73 Federal Register § 6895 (2008). To make it unlawful, to import or export the species into or from the US, to take the species within the US or territorial seas of the US, to take the species upon the high seas, to possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, or ship by any means whatsoever the species taken in violation, to deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign commerce, by any means whatsoever and in the course of a commercial activity the species, to sell or offer for sale in interstate or foreign commerce the species, to violate any regulation pertaining to the species.

Application to Coral Reefs:The deignation of Acropa palmeta and Acropa cervicornis as threathened species will allow the species advantages in recovery. The designation protects the reef habitat because the species must have the reef to reproduce and grow.

Legislative Actions:Section 11 of the ESA provides civil and criminal penalties for a violation of the ESA.

Comments: 		NOAA

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Recreational Opportunities; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Endangered and Threatened Species; Critical Habitat for Threatened Elkhorn and Staghorn Corals; Final Rule, 73 Federal Register § 72210. We, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), issue a final rule designating critical habitat for elkhorn (Acropora palmata) and staghorn (A. cervicornis) corals, which we listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA), on May 9, 2006. Four specific areas are designated: the Florida area, which comprises approximately 1,329 square miles (3,442 sq km) of marine habitat; the Puerto Rico area, which comprises approximately 1,383 square miles (3,582 sq km) of marine habitat; the St. John/St. Thomas area, which comprises approximately 121 square miles (313 sq km) of marine habitat; and the St. Croix area, which comprises approximately 126 square miles (326 sq km) of marine habitat. We are excluding one military site, comprising approximately 5.5 square miles (14.3 sq km), because of national security impacts.

Application to Coral Reefs:The law protects coral habitat for elkhorn and staghorn coral which strenghtens their protection in the FKNMS, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:the National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS), issue a final
rule designating critical habitat for
elkhorn (Acropora palmata) and
staghorn (A. cervicornis) corals, which
we listed as threatened under the
Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
amended (ESA), on May 9, 2006. Four
specific areas are designated: the Florida
area, which comprises approximately
1,329 square miles (3,442 sq km) of
marine habitat; the Puerto Rico area,
which comprises approximately 1,383
square miles (3,582 sq km) of marine
habitat; the St. John/St. Thomas area,
which comprises approximately 121
square miles (313 sq km) of marine
habitat; and the St. Croix area, which
comprises approximately 126 square
miles (326 sq km) of marine habitat. We
are excluding one military site,
comprising approximately 5.5 square
miles (14.3 sq km), because of national
security impacts. 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; US Territories; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas; US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Environmental resource permitting procedures, 62-343 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2003). The rule provides the procedural requirements for processing environmental resource permits and obtaining formal determinations of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring permits for projects related to environmental resources will indirectly protect environmental habitats. The permits are related to stormwater managemnt systems including discharges to wetlands. The permit conditions can limit toxics, nutrients and sediment that would be discharged to the environment if the rule were not in place.

Legislative Actions:The rule is procedural and does not have fines or penalties.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Permitting & Zoning; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Environmental Resource Permitting, 62-330 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2005). Under the Chapter, DEP exercises its independent authority under Part IV, Chapter 373, F.S., to regulate surface water management systems, including activities in, on or over wetlands or other surface waters. The term "surface water management system" or "system" include stormwater mangement systems, dams, impoundments, reservoirs, appurtenant works, or works, or any combination thereof, and includes dredging and filling. "Dredging" means excavation, by any means, in surface waters or wetlands

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulating stormwater management systems, dams, reservoirs and dredging will contribute to controlling contaminates from entering estuarine and marine environments and protect ecosystems including coral reefs.,

Legislative Actions:Individual permits will contain the conditions for environmental protection.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Estuaries Protection Act of 1968, 16 United States Code §§ 1221-1226. Authorizes the Secretary of Interior in cooperation with other federal agencies and the states, to study and inventory estuaries of the united states, including land and water of the Great Lakes, and to determine whether such areas should be acquired for protection. The Secretary is also requied to encourage state and local governments to consider the importance of estuaries in their planning activities relative to federal natural resources grants.

Application to Coral Reefs:Established the congressional policy on the values of wetlands and the need to conserve their natural resources. Protection of wetlands provide coral reefs with an indirect benefit as the wetland serves the functions of nutrient removal and sediment containment

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Secretary of Interior in conjunction with other federal agencies and States

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Exec. Order No. 11988, Management of Flood Prone Areas, 42 Federal Register 2691 (1977). This order requires all federal agencies to take action and avoid to the extent possible, adverse impacts over the short and long term associated with the occupation and modification of flood prone areas and to avoid direct or indirect aid to the development of flood prone areas whenever there is a viable alternative.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Landuse Management; Public Administration
Exec. Order No. 12962, Recreational Fisheries, 60 Federal Register (1995). Federal agencies are directed to improve the quantity, function, sustainable productivity, and distribution of U.S. aquatic resources for increased recreational fishing opportunities in cooperation with states and tribes.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Exec. Order No. 13112, Invasive Species, 68 Federal Register 6183 (1990). Federal agencies are directed to prevent the introduction of invasive species, detect and rapidly respond to control populations of such species in a cost effective and environmentalyy sound manner, accurately monitor invasive species, provide for restoration of native species and habitat conditions, conduct research to prevent introduction and to control invasive species, and promote public education on invasive species and the means to address them.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:No enforcement provisions. Federal agencies are encouraged to prevent the introduction, detect and respond to control, monitor, and conduct research of invasives. Secretary of Interior established an "Invasive Species Council" to address invasive species issues.

Comments: 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Invasive Species; Political Pressure; Remediation
Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956, as amended, 16 United States Code § 742. Established a comprehensive national fish, shellfish, and wildlife resources policy with emphasis on commercial fishing industry but also with a direction to administer the Act with regard to the inherent right of every citizen and resident to fish for pleasure, enjoyment, and betterment and to maintain and increase public opportunities for recreational use of fish and wildlife.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments:The 1998 amendments promoted voluteer programs and community partnerships for the benefit of national wildlife refuges. 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Donations; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Snails & Conch; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980, 16 United States Code §§ 2901-2911. Required the Service to monitor non-game bird and fish species, identify species of management concerns, and implement conservation measures to preclude the need for listing under the Endangered Species Act.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, 16 United States Code §§ 2901-2911. To provide financial and technical assistance to the states for development, revision and implementation of conservation plans and programs for nongame fish and wildlife, and to encourage federal agencies to utilize their statutory and administrative authority to conserve and to promote the conservation of nongame fish and wildlife and their habitats.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Microorganisms; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration
Fish and Wildlife Service Act of 1956, 16 United States Code § 742. Establishes a comprehensive national fish, shellfish, and wildlife resources policy with emphasis on the commercial fishing industry but also includes the inherent right of every citizen and resident to fish for pleasure, enjoyment, and betterment, and to maintain and increase public opportunities for recreational use of fish and wildlife resources. Among other things, it authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to take such steps as may be required for the development, advancement, management, conservation, and protection of fish and wildlife resources, including, but not limited to, research, development of existing facilities, and acquisition by purchase or exchange of land and water or interests therein.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Act is written for the support of commercial and recreational fisherpersons so that they enjoy the benefits of the Nation's fishery resources.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
 Commercial Fisheries; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Florida Aquatic Preserves, 18-20 Florida Administrative Code. 18-20.001 Intent. (1) All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. (2) Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (3) The preserves shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance these exceptional areas of sovereignty submerged lands by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserves through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserves so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating, and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the Legislature in creating the preserves; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the act and these rules, and to assist in managing the preserves; (e) To encourage the protection, enhancement or restoration of the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions toward their natural condition, and discourage activities which would degrade the aesthetic, biological, or scientific values, or the quality, or utility of a preserve, when reviewing applications, or when developing and implementing management plans for the preserves; (f) To preserve, promote, and utilize indigenous life forms and habitats, including but not limited to: sponges, soft coral, hard corals, submerged grasses, mangroves, salt water marshes, fresh water marshes, mud flats, estuarine, aquatic, and marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, estuarine, aquatic and marine invertebrates, estuarine, aquatic and marine mammals, birds, shellfish and mollusks; (g) To acquire additional title interests in lands wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves; (h) To maintain those beneficial hydrologic and biologic functions, the benefits of which accrue to the public at large. (4) Nothing in these rules shall serve to eliminate or alter the requirements or authority of other governmental agencies, including counties and municipalities, to protect or enhance the preserves provided that such requirements or authority are not inconsistent with the act and this chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:By maintaining coastal aquatic preserves in their natural condition, mangrove forests, wetlands and submerged aquatic vegetation will perform the functions of being sediment traps and removing some contaminants such as nutrients. Therefore, they will not reach marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.  All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Waste Management Policies
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations, Federal Register § Volume 66, Number 11 (2001). NOAA established the Tortugas Ecological Reserve (a no-take zone) in the Tortugas region (Tortugas or region) of the Florida Keys to protect significant coral resources and to protect an area that serves as a source of biodiversity for the Sanctuary as well as for the southwest shelf of Florida. Establishment of the Reserve included expansion of the Sanctuary boundary to ensure that the Reserve protects sensitive coral habitats lying outside the existing boundary of the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Regulation protects significant coral resources and many marine species by providing a no-take zone.

Legislative Actions:The regulation increased the no-take zones to 24 areas. Fishing is prohibited in Tortugas north for areas that are within State waters. Diving is prohibited in Tortugas south.

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Anchoring on Tortugas Bank, Federal Register § Volume 63, Number 158 (1998). The regulation reinstates and makes permanent the temporary prohibition on anchoring by vessels 50 meters or greater in registered length on the Tortugas Bank west of the Dry Tortugas National Park within the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:Prohibition on anchoring protects coral reefs and benthic habitats from physical damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Final Rule, Code of Federal Regulations § Parts 922, 929, 937 (1997). NOAA developed the comprehensive Final Management Plan for the FKNMS and issued the Plan on January 30, 1997. Congress and the Governer of Florida were provided a 45-day period to provide certification of unacceptable regulations that needed amendments. NOAA incorporated the certified changes provided and issued the final regulations and management plan for the Sanctuary that went into effect with the publication of the final rule, including waters within the State of Florida in the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the third largest barrier coral reef in the world. Included in the FKNMS are the Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 square nautical miles of coral reefs. The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive. The Act protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, further protecting coral, mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act requires the preparation of a comprehensive management plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:The final rule codifies the Act and further defines boundaries of the Sanctuary as well as providing a list of species protected in the Sanctuary. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Protections; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Large Ships; Live Collection; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
General permit for activities seaward of the coastal construction control line, 62B-34 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2010). To implement the provisions of Section 161.053(19) F. S. providing General Permits for activities performed seaward of the Coastal Construction Control line. Persons wishing to use one or more of the General Permits as set forth in Part II of this rule chapter shall be subject to the notice provisions of subsection 62B-34.030(4) F. A. C. before any activity is conducted as authorized herein.The general conditions provided pursuant to Section 62-B34-0.50, F. A. C. , shall apply to all of the General Permits issued under this rule chapter. Strict compliance with all of the terms, conditions, requirements, limitations, and restrictions applicable to a desired General Permit under this rule chapter is required to qualify for such a permit.

Application to Coral Reefs:The rule requires erosion control BMP. Therefore, sediment from construction will not enter the marine environment and damage coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Civil fines are applicable for work done that was not authorized in the permit.

Comments: 		Florida Departrment of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction, 62-285 Florida Administrative Code. Florida LEV Program. The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) adopts this rule to establish a Florida low emission vehicle (LEV) program that implements California motor vehicle emission standards pursuant to s. 177 of the Clean Air Act. This rule refers to many sections of chapter 1, division 3, title 13 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), adopted and incorporated by reference at subsection 62-285.400(9), F.A.C. This rule also includes provisions specific to implementation in Florida.

Application to Coral Reefs:Reducing greenhouse gases will contibute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, this rule applies to any heavy-duty diesel engine powered motor vehicle. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
Ground Water Classes, Standards, and Exemptions, 62-520 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Purpose. (a) Article II, Section 7 of the Florida Constitution requires abatement of water pollution and conservation and protection of Florida�s natural resources. (b) The present and future most beneficial uses of all ground waters of the state have been designated by the Department by means of the classification system set forth in this chapter in accordance with Section 403.061(10), F.S. Water quality standards are established by the Department to protect these designated uses. (c) Because activities outside the state sometimes cause pollution of Florida�s waters, the Department will make every reasonable effort to have such pollution abated. (d) Water quality standards apply equally to and shall be uniformly enforced in both the public and private sector. (e) �Public interest� shall not be construed to mean only those activities conducted solely to provide facilities or benefits to the general public. Private activities conducted for private purposes may also be in the public interest. (f) The Commission requests the Secretary to seek and use the best environmental information available when making decisions on the effects of chronically and acutely toxic substances and carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances. Additionally, the Secretary is requested to seek and encourage innovative research and development in waste treatment alternatives that might better preserve environmental quality and at the same time reduce the energy and dollar costs of operation. (g) The present and future most beneficial uses of ground waters of the state shall be protected to ensure the availability and utility of this invaluable resource. To achieve such protection, the ground waters of the state are classified and appropriate water quality criteria for those classes are set forth in this chapter. (h) The criteria set forth in this chapter are minimum levels which are necessary to protect the designated use of ground waters. It is the intent of the Commission that permit applicants should not be penalized because of a low detection limit associated with any specific criterion.

Application to Coral Reefs:Groundwater flow will eventually bring the groundwater to an area where by intrusion it will enter waterbodies such as lakes, streams, estuaries, and the ocean. If the groundwater is contaminated, the contamination then enters the waterbody. The contaminants will affect the open water environment and degrade that system.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies
Identification of impaired surface waters, 62-303 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2002). The Chapter established a methodology to identify surface waters of the state that will be included on the state's planning list of waters that will be assessed pursuant to subsections 403.067(2) and (3), Florida Statutes. It also establishes a methodology to identify impaired waters based on representative data that will be included on the state's verified list of impaired waters, for which the Department will calculate Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs), pursuant to subsection 403.067(4), F.S., and which will be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to paragraph 303(d)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA).

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Microorganisms; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Joint Coastal Permits and Concurrent Processing of Proprietary Authorizations, 62B-049 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. In the event that there is a conflict between the procedural requirements of this chapter and other procedural rules promulgated pursuant to the referenced statutes, then this chapter shall govern. The standards and criteria for issuance of joint coastal permits include the criteria for environmental resource or wetland resource permits pursuant to Chapter 62-312, F.A.C., and the rules adopted under Chapter 62-330, F.A.C., the coastal construction criteria pursuant to Chapter 62B-41, F.A.C., and any specific criteria for issuance of a joint coastal permit listed in this chapter. The criteria for the associated proprietary authorizations are found in Chapters 18-18, 18-20, 18-21, F.A.C. Specific Authority 161.055, 373.427 FS. Law Implemented 161.041, 161.055, 373.427 FS. History�New 10-12-95, Amended 2-19-98, 5-17-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring a permit with regulatory review of the construction project, in a joint review of wetland and submerged land issues, will assist in minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts from the work and such potential detrimental portions of the project (e.g. sedimentation) will not enter the marine environment resulting in ecosystem damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act as amended through January 2007, Statutes at Large §§ 94-265. National program for the conservation and management of fishery resources of the US to prevent overfishing, to rebuild overfished stocks, to facilitate the long-term protection of essential fish habitat, and to realize the full potential of the Nation's fishery resources.

Application to Coral Reefs:Promote the protection of essential fish habitat in the review of projects conducted under federal permits, licenses, or other authorities that effct or have the potential to affect such habitats. The amendments of 2006 specifically require the protection of deep sea coral habitats.

Legislative Actions:Requires government observers on board a certain number of fishing vessels. The Act provides for criminal and civil penalties dependent on the sections of the Act under which violations occured. Criminal penalties may be imposed up to a maximum of $50,000 and not more than one year in prison. Civil penalties may be imposed including seizure, forfeiture, and condemnation of property.

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Economic Markets & Policies; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Mangrove Trimming and Preservation Act, 403.9321-403.9333 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). It is the intent of the Legislature to protect and preserve mangrove resources valuable to our environmentand economy from unregulated removal, defoliation, and destruction.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and preservation of wetland systems, including mangroves, allow the systems to act as buffers to remove nutrients and sediment that could reach coral reefs and cause damage.

Legislative Actions:Permits are required prior to any trimming. A Professional Mangrove Trimmer must be present when work is being performed. Penalties can include restoration and/or mitigation.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Non-Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 33 United States Code § 1401. To regulate the dumping of all types of materials into ocean waters and to prevent or strictly limit the dumping into ocean waters of any material which would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities. To regulate (1) the transportation by any person of material from the United States and, in the case of United States vessels, aircraft, or agencies, the transportation of material from a location outside the United States, when in either case the transportation is for the purpose of dumping the material into ocean waters, and (2) the dumping of material transported by any person from a location outside the United States, if the dumping occurs in the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the United States.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act has been historically used to regulate dumping of dredged materials and sewage sludge into the marine environment. The law intends to improve the conservation, understanding, management, and wise and sustainable use of marine resources, enhance public awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the marine environment, and to maintain for future generations the habitat, and ecologigal services, of the natural assemblage of living resources that inhabit those areas. Because permits are required, it can be assumed that dumping would not be allowed if the material would be dispersed into a sensitive habitat such as coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:EPA may assess an administrative civil penalty up to $50,000 per person. Higher penalties can be assessed for dumping medical waste (up to $125,000). Each day in violation constitutes a separate offense. Continuing violations can suffer criminal penalties with fines and up to five years imprisionment possible.

Comments:The Act has played a major role in regulating the disposal of dredged material into the ocean environment. However, medical and radioactive wastes, industrial wastes, as well as sewage sludge, are also regulated in the law. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biocriteria; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs); Regulations to establish a No Discharge Zone (NDZ) for State waters within the boundary of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary,Code of Federal Regulations § 40 CFR Part 140, 67 FR 35735. US EPA established a no discharge zone within the boundaies of the FKNMS pursuant to section 312 (f) (4) (a) of the Clean Water Act.

Application to Coral Reefs:Prohibition of waste discharges protects reefs system from eutrophication by the nutrients in waste (particularly nitrogen and phosphorus) as well as the debris and sediment in the waste.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Algae; Ballast Discharge; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Marine Turtle Conservation Act of 2004, 16 United States Code § 6601. The law was created to aid in the conservation of sea turtles and their nesting habitats in foreign countries by providing funds for the conservation of nesting areas, sea turtles in in their nesting habitats, and dealing with threats to sea turtle survival.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Designate Protected Species; Docks & Marinas; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles
Mitigation Banking, 62-342 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department recognizes that, in certain instances, adverse impacts of activities regulated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., can be offset through the utilization of mitigation credits from a permitted Mitigation Bank. This rule provides criteria for this mitigation alternative to complement existing mitigation criteria and requirements. This chapter is supplemental to and does not supersede any other criteria and requirements in rules promulgated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S. (2) The Department intends that Mitigation Banks be used to minimize mitigation uncertainty associated with traditional mitigation practices and provide greater assurance of mitigation success. It is anticipated that the consolidation of multiple mitigation projects into larger contiguous areas will provide greater assurance that the mitigation will yield long-term, sustainable, regional ecological benefits. Mitigation Banks shall be consistent with Department endorsed watershed management objectives and emphasize restoration and enhancement of degraded ecosystems and the preservation of uplands and wetlands as intact ecosystems rather than alteration of landscapes to create wetlands. This is best accomplished through restoration of ecological communities that were historically present. The establishment and use of Mitigation Banks in or adjacent to areas of national, state, or regional ecological significance is encouraged, provided the area in which the Mitigation Bank is proposed to be located is determined appropriate for a Mitigation Bank and the Mitigation Bank meets all applicable permitting criteria. (3) Nothing in this chapter shall affect the mitigation requirements set forth in any Mitigation Bank agreement or any permit issued under Chapter 84-79, Laws of Florida, or Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., prior to February 2, 1994. If a permittee wishes to substantially modify a Mitigation Bank previously established by agreement or permit, the permittee must comply with this chapter. Additionally, some Mitigation Banks may be subject to the version of this section existing prior to July 1, 1996, under subsections 373.4136(9) and (10), F.S., and will not be affected by amendments adopted after that date. This chapter does not prohibit an applicant from proposing project-specific, pre-construction on-site or off-site mitigation, without establishing a Mitigation Bank.

Application to Coral Reefs:Mitigation banking in coastal wetlands, as presented in the Chapter, can provide large areas of functioning wetlands. The wetlands can function as sediment and nutrient traps keeping sediment and nutrients from entering coastal waters and damaging marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the regulations and permitting requirements for mitigation banks. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Educational & Research Opportunities; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Armoring; Waste Management Policies
Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Test Procedures, 62-242 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter pursuant to the Florida Clean Outdoor Air Law, Section 325.201, F.S., and in order to provide the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles with the necessary rules, standards, and criteria to administer the Florida Motor Vehicle Inspection Program. (2) The Legislature has directed that in order to implement the Motor Vehicle Inspection Program, the Department of Environmental Protection will set the standards and criteria listed below. (a) Designation of program area (Section 325.204, F.S.). (b) Emissions testing and inspection procedures (Section 325.206, F.S.). (c) Inspection pass/fail criteria (Section 325.206, F.S.). (d) Test equipment performance specifications (Sections 325.206, .212, and .213, F.S.). (e) Definition of low emission adjustment (Section 325.209, F.S.). (f) Inspection personnel training criteria (Section 325.213(1)(d), F.S.). (3) The Department has set the vehicle in-use emission standards at levels that are achievable with proper operation and maintenance of the various model year vehicles, if they have not been tampered with, and which will result in a significant reduction in ozone-causing air pollutant emissions from automobiles and light duty trucks. It is the Department�s intent that eligibility for emission control system performance warranty repairs of these vehicles be protected by reference to 40 CFR 85.2201 (Subpart W) � Emission Control System Performance Warranty Short Tests. (4) This chapter, and the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles rules it references, are intended as an integral part of the Department�s program to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation and stanards for air emissions will contribute to lower greenhouse gasses and assist in combating ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Transportation Policies
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 as amended through 1982,. Declared a national policy that will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment : promote efforts that will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere: stimulate the health and welfare of resources important to the Nation and establish a Council on Environmental Quality.

Application to Coral Reefs:Re-athorizes NEPA of 1969. Provides additional funding.

Legislative Actions:The Act potentially could protect coral reefs if the proposed federal project could have a significant impact on the reef.

Comments:The amendments did not add regulations to the Act 		Federal Agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Educational & Research Opportunities; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Mining; Oil & Gas Industry; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Toxics; Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1431-1445. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to designate and manage areas of the marine environment with special national significance due to their conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational, or esthetic qualities as National Marine Sanctuaries.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels, or unique habitats.

Legislative Actions:NOAA may impose civil penalties up tp $130,000 per day per violation. Criminal penalties were added in the 2000 amendments for interfering or resisting with any enforcement of the NMSA, or providing false information to the Secretary or any officer authorized to enforce NMSA. The 2000 amendments made it illegal to offer for sale, purchase, import, or export, any sanctuary resource and increased enforcement authority.

Comments:There are 13 marine sanctuaries in the National Marine Sactuary System, six of which were created after 1990. Each sanctuary has a separarte staff and program in its local region. 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; CO2; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Corporate Responses; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Political Pressure; Recreational Opportunities; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
National Park Service, Department of Interior,. To conserve the scenery, natural and historic objects, and wildlife of the National Parks; and to provide for the enjoyment of those resources in a sustainable manner. Regulations provide for the proper use, management, government, and protection of persons, property, and natural and cultural resources within areas under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies
Ocean Acidification and Marine pH Water Quality Criteria, 74 Federal Register § 17484 (2009). The publication is a Notice of Data Availability. EPA was making data submitted from various sources available to the public. They also were requesting additon data from the public on ocean acidification and marine pH. The data was to be reviewed to determine if a revision of the Clean Water Act (Section 304) (a) (1) was warranted.

Application to Coral Reefs:Coral reefs would be protected if ocean acidification could be controlled because it is a major detrimental parameter of living cora, contributing to their dying.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		EPA

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs 		Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Environmental Education & Outreach; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Point Source Discharges
Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 33 United States Code §§ 2701 et seq. Established limitations on liability for damages resulting from oil pollution, established a fund for the payment of compensation for such damages, mandated the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan to provide organizational structure and procedures for responding to spills.

Application to Coral Reefs:In the event of an oil spill that contaminates a coral reef, the Act could be used to determine liability and provide funds for rapid cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Can provide fines for failing to notify the appropriate federal agency of a maximum of $250,000 per day for an individual and a maximum of $500,000 for an organization. Civil penalties are authorized at $25,000 per day of violation or $1,000 per barrel of oil discharged. Prison sentences up to a maximum of fifteen years can be imposed on violators.

Comments:The Act was signed in 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdex incident. The Act improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and and provided the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills. The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was established and provided up to one billion dollars per spill incident. 		US Coast Guard/US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters 		Chemical Variables; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Non-point Source Controls; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Toxics; Wetlands
Proclamation No. 7392, The Buck Island Reef National Park, 66 Federal Register 7335-7336 (2001). 18,000 acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:The Proclamation expanded the original momument thus protecting additional coral reefs within the monument boundaries.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Proclamation No. 7399, Establishment of Virgin Islands Coral Reef National monument, 66 Federal Register 7364 (2001). Designated 12,000 marine acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:Monuments include coral reefs thereby providing the coral reefs within the monument bondaries the same protection as the designated monument areas.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Commercial Fishing Boats; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Proposed Coral Reef Conservation Act Amendments of 2005, 2007 and 2009,. To preserve, sustain, and restore the condition of coral reef ecosystems, to promote the wise management and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems, to benefit local communities and the Nation, to develop sound scientific information on the condition of coral reef ecosystems and threats to the ecosystems, to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by supporting and financing conservation programs including local and non-governmental programs, establish a formal mechanism for collecting and allocating monetary donations from the private sector to be used for coral reef conservation projects

Application to Coral Reefs:When passed, the Amendments, among other issues, would reauthorize the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 and authorize appropriations through fiscal 2012 for the coral reef conservation program and community- based planning grants. Will authorize activities designed to minimize the likelihood of vessel impacts or other physical dammage to coral reefs, including activities to identify certain at-risk coral reefs. Promote international cooperation, codify the US Coral Reef Task Force.

Legislative Actions:Provided funding for matching grants, encouraged education and outreach, encouaged cooperative conservation and management through partnerships with other federal, state, regional and local partners including citizen groups.

Comments:The amendments would not add regulations to the Act. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; CO2; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation
Regulation of stormwater discharge, 62-25 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1988). The discharge of untreated stormwater may reasonably be expected to be a source of pollution of waters of the state and is, therefore, subject to Department regulation. The Departmnet shall prevent pollution of waters of the state by discharges of stormwater, to ensure that the designated most beneficial uses of waters, as prescribed by Chapter 62-302, F.A.C., are protected. A permit under this chapter will be required only for new stormwater discharge facilities as defined herein. This provision shall not affect the Department's authority to require appropriate corrective action, pursuant to Sections 403.121-.161.F.S., whenever existing facilities cause or contribute to violations of state water quality standards. Stormwater discharges to groundwaters shall be regulated under the provisions of Chapters 62-520 and 62-522, F.A.C., and other applicable rules of the Department. The Department intends that, to the greatest extent practicable, the provisions of this chapter be delegated to either local governments or water management districts seeking such delegation.

Application to Coral Reefs:Limiting the contaminants and their concentrations in stormwater discharge will reduce the contamination reaching various habitats, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Floridfa Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Impervious Surfaces; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency, 62-016 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies provided for in Section 220.192, F.S. Specific Authority 377.804(3), 377.806(7), 220.192(3) FS. Law Implemented 377.801, 377.802, 377.803, 377.804, 377.806, 220.192 FS. History � New 10-22-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:The regulation could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal fired electric generating plants and thus reduce ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Requirements for Sources Subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program, 62-214 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72. Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at either 40 CFR 72.2 or 76.2 or Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. The provisions of 40 CFR Parts 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 referenced in this rule are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling toxic air emissions will contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gasses and assist in reducing ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 CFR. Part 72. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Ocean Acidity
Revised Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan §§ Public Law 101-605 (HR 5909, Public Law (2007). The document is a report on the results of NOAA's five year review of strategies and activities detailed in the 1996 Final Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The plan specifically addresses preserving and enhancing Sanctuary resources including four national wildlife refuges, six state parks, three state aquatic preserves, Key Largo Marine Sanctuary, Looe Key Marine Sanctuary and a total of 2,900 square nautical miles of coastal waters and numerous coral reefs. The sanctuary ecosystems are facing specific threats including direct human impacts such as vessel groundidngs, pollution and overfishing.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as Co-trustees

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 33 United States Code § 1252. This law prohibits the discharge of any type of refuse matter in U.S. waters without permission (section 13). In addition, the excavation, fill, or alteration of the course, condition, or capacity of any port, channel, river, or other areas within the limits of this law is prohibited. This law prohibits the construction or alteration of a structure in wetlands of the U.S. (sections 9 and 10). Construction in wetlands and waters of the U.S. requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Application to Coral Reefs:Under section 10, excavation or fill within navigable waters requires approval of the Chief of Engineers and concerns about contaminated sediments with dredge and fill projects in navigable waters is addressed within the permitting process. Indirect protection of coral reefs is offered by the Act and its prohibition of dumping refuse into navigable waters and the process of anaylzing sediment in proposed dredge and fill operations.

Legislative Actions:Violations of the law are punished under section 309 of the Clean Water Act and section 205 of National Fishing Enhancement Act. Fines imposed for violation will not be less than $10,000 per violation or more than $25,000 per violation.

Comments:Many states, including Florida, require additional permits for constuction of docks, piers, wharfs, jetties and other structures in navigable waters and wetlands in addition to the Corps of Engineers permit. Authority to issue permits for discharge of refuse matter under section 13 was modified by the amendments to Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 and established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit process. The Act was initially established to protect interstate commerce in navigable waters. The permit review process involves factors including economics, aethetics, general envitonmental concerns, historical values, water quality, and fish and wildlife impact before project approval is granted. 		US Army Corps of Engineers (COE), and US Coast Guard

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Rules and Procedures for Application for Coastal Construction Permits, 62B-041 Florida Administrative Code. No coastal construction shall be conducted without a permit issued by the Department under this chapter, unless it is determined that the coastal construction does not fall within the requirements of section 161.041, F.S., or unless the interior tidal water body is exempted by the Department pursuant to subsection 161.041(1), F.S.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring a permit with regulatory review of the construction project will assist in minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts from the work and such potential detrimental portions of the project (e.g. sedimentation) will not enter the marine environment resulting in ecosystem damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:No coastal construction shall be conducted without a permit issued by the Department under this chapter, unless it is determined that the coastal construction does not fall within the requirements of section 161.041, F.S., or unless the interior tidal water body is exempted by the Department pursuant to subsection 161.041(1), F.S. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Sediment
Rules and Procedures for Coastal Construction and Excavation, 62B-033 Florida Administrative Code (2008). (1) The beach and dune system is an integral part of the coastal system and represents one of the most valuable natural resources in Florida, providing protection to adjacent upland properties, recreational areas, and habitat for wildlife. A coastal construction control line (CCCL) is intended to define that portion of the beach and dune system which is subject to severe fluctuations caused by a 100-year storm surge, storm waves, or other forces such as wind, wave, or water level changes. These fluctuations are a necessary part of the natural functioning of the coastal system and are essential to post-storm recovery, long term stability, and the preservation of the beach and dune system. However, imprudent human activities can adversely interfere with these natural processes and alter the integrity and functioning of the beach and dune system. The control line and 50-foot setback call attention to the special hazards and impacts associated with the use of such property, but do not preclude all development or alteration of coastal property seaward of such lines. (2) In order to demonstrate that construction is eligible for a permit, the applicant shall provide the Department with sufficient information pertaining to the proposed project to show that adverse and other impacts associated with the construction have been minimized and that the construction will not result in a significant adverse impact. (3) After reviewing all information required pursuant to this rule chapter, the Department shall: (a) Deny any application for an activity which either individually or cumulatively would result in a significant adverse impact including potential cumulative effects. In assessing the cumulative effects of a proposed activity, the Department shall consider the short-term and long-term impacts and the direct and indirect impacts the activity would cause in combination with existing structures in the area and any other similar activities already permitted or for which a permit application is pending within the same fixed coastal cell. The impact assessment shall include the anticipated effects of the construction on the coastal system and marine turtles. Each application shall be evaluated on its own merits in making a permit decision; therefore, a decision by the Department to grant a permit shall not constitute a commitment to permit additional similar construction within the same fixed coastal cell. (b) Deny any application for an activity where the project has not met the Department�s siting and design criteria; has not minimized adverse and other impacts, including stormwater runoff; or has not provided mitigation of adverse impacts. (4) The Department shall issue a permit for construction which an applicant has shown to be clearly justified by demonstrating that all standards, guidelines, and other requirements set forth in the applicable provisions of Part I, Chapter 161, F.S., and this rule chapter are met, including the following: (a) The construction will not result in removal or destruction of native vegetation which will either destabilize a frontal, primary, or significant dune or cause a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system due to increased erosion by wind or water; (b) The construction will not result in removal or disturbance of in situ sandy soils of the beach and dune system to such a degree that a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system would result from either reducing the existing ability of the system to resist erosion during a storm or lowering existing levels of storm protection to upland properties and structures; (c) The construction will not direct discharges of water or other fluids in a seaward direction and in a manner that would result in significant adverse impacts. Forthe purposes of this rule section, construction shall be designed so as to minimize erosion induced surface water runoff within the beach and dune system and to prevent additional seaward or off-site discharges associated with a coastal storm event. (d) The construction will not result in the net excavation of the in situ sandy soils seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback; (e) The construction will not cause an increase in structure-induced scour of such magnitude during a storm that the structure-induced scour would result in a significant adverse impact; (f) The construction will minimize the potential for wind and waterborne missiles during a storm; (g) The activity will not interfere with public access, as defined in Section 161.021, F.S.; and (h) The construction will not cause a significant adverse impact to marine turtles, or the coastal system. (5) In order for a manmade frontal dune to be considered as a frontal dune defined under Section 161.053(6)(a)1., F.S., the manmade frontal dune shall be constructed to meet or exceed the protective value afforded by the natural frontal dune system in the immediate area of the subject shoreline. Prior to the issuance of a permit for a single-family dwelling meeting the criteria of Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., the manmade frontal dune must be maintained for a minimum of 12 months and be demonstrated to be as stable and sustainable as the natural frontal dune system. (6) Sandy material excavated seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback shall be maintained on site seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback and be placed in the immediate area of construction unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Department. (7) Swimming pools, wading pools, waterfalls, spas, or similar type water structures are expendable structures and shall be sited so that their failure does not have adverse impact on the beach and dune system, any adjoining major structures, or any coastal protection structure. Pools sited within close proximity to a significant dune shall be elevated either partially or totally above the original grade to minimize excavation and shall not cause a net loss of material from the immediate area of the pool. All pools shall be designed to minimize any permanent excavation seaward of the CCCL. (8) Major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the beach and frontal dune to permit natural shoreline fluctuations, to preserve and protect beach and dune system stability, and to allow natural recovery to occur following storm-induced erosion. Where a rigid coastal structure exists, proposed major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the rigid coastal structure to allow for future maintenance or repair of the rigid coastal structure. Although fishing piers shall be exempt from this provision, their foundation piles shall be located so as to allow for the maintenance and repair of any rigid coastal structure that is located in close proximity to the pier.(9) If in the immediate area a number of existing major structures have established a reasonably continuous and uniform construction line and if the existing structures have not been unduly affected by erosion, except where not allowed by the requirements of Section 161.053(6), F.S., and this rule chapter, the Department shall issue a permit for the construction of a similar structure up to that line. (10) In considering applications for single-family dwellings proposed to be located seaward of the 30-year erosion projection pursuant to Section 161.053(6), F.S., the Department shall require structures to meet criteria in Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., and all other siting and design criteria established in this rule chapter. (11) In considering project impacts to native salt-tolerant vegetation, the Department shall evaluate the type and extent of native salt-tolerant vegetation, the degree and extent of disturbance by invasive nuisance species and mechanical and other activities, the protective value to adjacent structures and natural plant communities, the protective value to the beach and dune system, and the impacts to marine turtle nesting and hatchlings. The Department shall restrict activities that lower the protective value of natural and intact beach and dune, coastal strand, and maritime hammock plant communities. Activities that result in the removal of protective root systems or reduce the vegetation�s sand trapping and stabilizing properties of salt tolerant vegetation are considered to lower its protective value. Construction shall be located, where practicable, in previously disturbed areas or areas with non-native vegetation in lieu of areas of native plant communities when the placement does not increase adverse impact to the beach and dune system. Planting of invasive nuisance plants, such as those listed in the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council�s 2005 List of Invasive Species � Categories I and II, will not be authorized if the planting will result in removal or destruction of existing dune-stabilizing native vegetation or if the planting is to occur on or seaward of the dune system. A copy of this list is available on the Internet at www.fleppc.org; or can be obtained by writing to the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Mail Station 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000; or by telephoning (850) 488-7708. Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction and the remediation of construction impacts shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect native salt-tolerant vegetation and native plant communities. A construction fence, a designated location for construction access or storage of equipment and materials, and a restoration plan shall be required if necessary for protection of existing native salt-tolerant vegetation during construction. (12) Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. In marine turtle nesting areas, all forms of lighting shall be shielded or otherwise designed so as not to disturb marine turtles. Tinted glass or similar light control measures shall be used for windows and doors which are visible from the nesting areas of the beach. The Department shall suspend any permitted construction when the permittee has not provided the required protection for marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation of coastal construction through permit review and modification will protect coastal ecosystems from degradation and loss and in doing so protects other marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Chapter 62B-33 Florida Administrative Code, provides the design and siting requirements that must be met to obtain a coastal construction control line permit.Approval or denial of a permit application is based upon a review of the potential impacts to the beach dune system, adjacentproperties, native salt resistant vegetation, and marine turtles.

Comments:The Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) is an essential element of Florida's coastal management program. It provides protection for Florida's beaches and dunes while assuring reasonable use of private property. Recognizing the value of the state's beaches, the Florida legislature initiated the Coastal Construction Contorl Line Program to protect the coastal system from improperly sited and designed structures which can destabilize or destroy the beach and dune system. Once destabilized, the valuable natural resources are lost, as are its important values for recreation, upland property protection and environmental habitat. Adoption of a coastal construction line establishes an area of jurisdiction in which special siting and design criteria are applied for construction and related activities.These standards may be more stringent than those already applied in the rest of the coastal building zone because of the greater forces expected to occur in the more seaward zone of the beach during a storm event. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Beach & Land Formation; Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Cruise Ships; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level
Significant amendments to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 include (1) Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990, (2) Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000, (3) Coastal Barriers Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005,. (1) Added additional areas along the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys and the Virgin Islands and established "Otherwise Protected Areas OPAs); (2) amended the guidelines for making recommendations regarding additions to the CBRS and reqired a pilot digital mapping project; (3) reauthorized CBRA and required the submission of the final digital mapping pilot project.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restricted most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals   		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Forestry; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection
Significant amendments to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972. Amendments of 1980 were PL 96-332, 1984 were PL98-498, 1988 were Title II of PL 100-627, 1992 were PL 102-587, 1996 were PL 104-283 and for 2000 were PL106-513,. Title III of the Marine Protection, Reseach and Sanctuaries Act was amended to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The amendments of 1980 mandated the terms of designation to include the geographic area included within the sanctuary and the characteristics of the area that give it conservation, recreational, ecological, or esthetic value, and the types of activities that would be subject to regulation to protect those characteristics. The 1984 amendments required a Resource Assessment Report documenting present and potential use of the area. 1998 amendments established a special use permit for commercial operations, added a section that a vessel or person causing damage to the resources of a sanctuary would be liable for both response and cleanup costs as well as damages for any sanctuary resource destroyed. Amendments of 1992 provided that Title III may be cited as 'The National Marine Sanctuaries Act." Also, federal agencies had to be consistent with the National Environmental Policy Act in commenting on proposed designations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Strenghtened the protectinon of marine sanctuaries and their resources. Some specific purposes of the Act that add to coral reef protection include; to identify and designate national marine sanctuaries of the marine environment, to maintain the natural b

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Construction Codes & Projects; Coral; Cruise Ships; Deforestation & Devegetation; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Sikes Act of 1960, 16 United States Code § 670. Promote effectual planning, development, maintenance, and coordination of wildlife, fish, and game conservation and rehabilitation in military reservations.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) required by the Sikes Act integrate many different aspects of natural resource management including endangered species, fisheries, wetlands and environmental contaminants. Protection of wetlands and regulation of the discharge of environmental contaminants on military installations can indirectly protect coral reefs by decreasing runoff to nearshore waters.

Legislative Actions:DoD must develop and implement Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans (INRMP) for nearly 380 military installations across the US. The development of the INRMP is a voluntary, cooperative effort between participating agencies.

Comments:The preparation of the INRMP between DoD, USFWS and State FWS ensures proper consideration of fish, wildlife and habitat needs. The amendments also require the control of invasive species, migratory birds, and law enforcement issues. 		Department of Defense/Department of Interior (US Fish and Wildlife Service)/State Fish and Wildlife Agencies

Jurisdiction:
US Military Installments 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Small Community Wastewater Construction Grants Program, 62-505 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Florida�s Small Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program is authorized by Sections 403.1835 and 403.1838, F.S. These statutes authorize the Department to fund the planning, design, and construction of wastewater management systems for qualifying small municipalities. (2) This chapter sets forth the Department�s program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance from the Small Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program. (3) Highest priority is given to projects that address the most serious risks to public health, are necessary to achieve compliance, or assist systems most in need based on an affordability index. Specific Authority 403.1835(10) FS. Law Implemented 403.1835(3)(d), 403.1838 FS. History � New 1-25-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:Providing financial assistance to parties interested in building wastewater treatment palnts and best available standards for construction will result in higher treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to waters of the state. Less contaminated water will reach the marine environment where it would have the potential to adversely effect ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:sets forth the program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance from the Small
Community Wastewater Facilities Grants Program. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Environmental Education & Outreach; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Sovereign submerged lands management, 18-21 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). To manage, protect, and enhance sovereignty lands so that the public may continue to enjoy traditional uses, including, but not limited to, navigation, fishing and swimming, public drinking water supply, shellfish harvesting, public recreation, and fish and wildlife propagation and management.

Application to Coral Reefs:Permitting activities on submerged lands owned by Florida will improve water quality which will indirectly protect reef systems.

Legislative Actions:These rules are to implement the administration and management responsibilities of the board and department regarding sovereign submerged lands. Responsibility for environmental permitting of activities and water quality protection on sovereign lands is vested with the Department of Environmental Protection. These rules are considered cumulative.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fisheries; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Energy Policy & Development; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
State Revolving Fund Loan Program, 62-503 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Florida�s water pollution control revolving loan program is authorized by Section 403.1835, F.S. This statute establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund, which meets federal requirements for a State Revolving Fund. The statute authorizes the Department to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems. The Act also authorizes financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. Project examples include brownfield remediation, wetland restoration, septic tank problem correction, best management practices (especially those for agricultural operations) for controlling leaching and runoff, animal waste management, boat discharge elimination, or other needs identified by the Department�s nonpoint source management program. National estuary program projects also may be eligible. (2) The federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, commonly called the Clean Water Act, authorizes federal appropriations for grants to the Department to capitalize the State Revolving Fund. The Act requires that the state contribute matching funds of 20% to qualify for federal capitalization grants. The State Revolving Fund must be operated in perpetuity by the Department. (3) This rule sets forth the Department�s program management procedures and the requirements for obtaining financial assistance. Specific Authority 403.1835(5)(a) FS. Law Implemented 403.1835 FS. History - New 7-29-04.

Application to Coral Reefs:Providing financial assistance to parties interested in building wastewater treatment palnts and best available standards for construction will result in higher treatment of wastewater prior to discharge to waters of the state. Less contaminated water will reach the marine environment where it would have the potential to adversely effect ecosystems.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Establishes the Wastewater Treatment and Stormwater Management Revolving Loan Trust Fund to fund the planning, design, construction, and implementation of wastewater management systems and stormwater management systems and to provide financial assistance for a wide range of services, equipment, and construction associated with nonpoint source pollution control. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Environmental Education & Outreach; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Stationary Sources - Emission Standards, 62-296 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish emission limiting standards and compliance requirements for stationary sources of air pollutant emissions. (2) The chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. Where work practice standards, including requirements for specific types of pollution control equipment, are provided for in this chapter, such standards shall be of the same force and effect as emission limiting standards. The emission limiting and work practice standards of Rule 62-296.320, F.A.C., and Rules 62-296.401 through 62-296.480, F.A.C., are applicable statewide. The reasonably available control technology requirements are established for specific areas of the state as set forth in Rules 62-296.500, 62-296.600, and 62-296.700, F.A.C. (3) A facility or emissions unit subject to any standard or requirement of 40 CFR. Part 60, 61, 63 or 65, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall comply with such standard or requirement. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve a facility or emissions unit from complying with such standard or requirement, provided, however, that where a facility or emissions unit is subject to a standard established in this chapter, such standard shall also apply. (4) Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling air emission pollutants can assist in controlling ocean acid acidification and the damaging effect of ocean water acidification on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, the chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate Regulation; CO2; Corporate Responses; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients
Surface water quality standards in table format, 62.302.500 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). This section of Chapter 62-302 presents the water quality standards in a tabular format for each class of waters of the State.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance
Surface water quality standards, 62-302 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). The Chapter establishes the minimum concentrations of contamination that are allowable to protect the designated uses of a waterbody. Designated uses include public drinking water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife, agricultural, recreation, industrial, and navigation.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting surface waters by limiting the concentration of pollutants that can be present will control the concentrations of those pollutants that will reach estuarine and marine environments, thus protecting the associated ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Penalties are not presented in the Rule. Specific requirements and penalties are addrressed in individual permits. The Rule relies heavily on biocriteria including acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Section 400 presents the classes of Florida waters; Class I potable water supplies, Class II shellfish propagation or harvesting, Class III recreation, propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife, Class IV agricultural water supplies, Class V navigation, utility and industrial use.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designate Protected Species; Discharge Limitations; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Impervious Surfaces; Invertebrates; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Tampering with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Equipment, 62-243 Florida Administrative Code. The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish procedures to determine compliance with those parts of Section 316.2935, F.S., which provide that no person shall operate on the public roads or streets of this state any motor vehicle that has been tampered with and that no person or motor vehicle dealer as defined in Section 320.27, F.S., shall offer or display for retail sale or lease, sell, lease or transfer title to a motor vehicle in Florida that has been tampered with. Specific Authority: 316.2935, F.S. Law Implemented: 316.2935, 316.6105, 318.18, 325.209, F.S. History.: New 2-21-90, Amended 5-29-90, Formerly 17-243.100.

Application to Coral Reefs:Vehicles with properly operating air pollution control equipment will dischage less air polllutants and will contribute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust by ensuring that that the air pollution control equipment of the motor
vehicle has not been tampered with. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
The DPNR states that wetlands in the Virgin Islands are covered by the Clean water Act and the Endangered and Indigenous Species Act of 1990 (Title 12, Chapter 2, US Virgin Island Code,. To protect wetlands and wetland species from degradation, loss as a result of dredging and filling.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of wetlands assists in controlling sedimentation and nutrient runoff from terrstrial locations, thus protecting coral reefs that are influenced by terrestrial sources.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:The wetlands portion of the USVI Division of Environmental Protection website was under construction at the time of this atlas preparation.  However, it appears that DEP works with the USACE and USEPA on matters related to wetlands. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Wetlands
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act, Public Law 101-605 (H.R. 5909 United States Code (1990). To protect the resources of the area delineated in section 5(b) of the Act, to educate and interpret for the public regarding the Florida Keys marine environment, and to manage such human uses of the Sanctuary consistent with the Act. Nothing in the Act is intended to restrict activities that do not cause adverse effects to the resources or property of the Sanctuary or that do not pose harm to the users of the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the thrid largest coral reef barrier in the world. Included in the FKNMS are Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 squared nautical miles of coral reefs.The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive in the Sanctuary. From Miami to the Marquesas Keys there are over 6000 patch reefs. The Act also protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, futher protecting mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act required the preparation of a comprehensive mangement plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:Large vessel groundings on coral reefs in the Florida Keys was a major driver for the designation of the Sanctuary. In 1989, there were three groundings of large commercial vessels on the coral reef tract within an eighteen day period. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as lead agency and Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission, and Monroe County as Co-Trustees

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Federal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Transportation
The Sustainable Fisheries Act, 23 §§ 104-297 (1996). To amend the Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act to authorize appropriations, to provide for sustainable fisheries, and for other purposes.

Application to Coral Reefs:The law recogonizes that direct and indirect habitat losses have resulted in a diminshed capacity to support existing fish levels. Habitat considerations should receive increased attention for conservation and management of fishery resources in the United States. Therefore, the Act encourages, though not indirectly, the protection of coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Economic Markets & Policies; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Total maximum daily loads, 62-304 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). The Chapter establishes Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), and their allocations, for waters that have been verified to be impaired by a pollutant pursuant to Chapter 62-303. F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Envitonmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
United States; State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Biomedical Research Policies; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Impervious Surfaces; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-345 (2005). Establishes a methodology that provides a standard procedure for assessing the functions provided by wetlands and other surface waters, the amount that those functions are reduced by a proposed impact, and the amount of mitigation necessary to offset that loss.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting wetlands provides wetland areas that can act as buffers against nutrients, pollutants and contaminants from reaching habitats including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is administrative and provides methods to assess wetland value and appropriate mitigation to offset impact.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands
Water quality based effluent limitations, 62-650 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To implement the provisions of Section 403.051, 403.085 through 403.088 concerning the development of effluent limitations for wastewater facilities.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Florida Air and Water Pollution Act establishes that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessay to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Requiring treatment of industrial and domestic waste water indirectly protects adjoining ecosystem, such as reefs, by limiting the pollutant that reach these other systems.

Legislative Actions:The Department shall not issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state, unless the Department has established an efflent limit for those pollutants in the discharge that are present in quantities or concentrations which can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute, directly or indirectly, to a violation of any water quality standard established in rule 62-302. The effluent limit may be a technology based effluent limit (TBEL), a water quality based effluent limit (WQBEL) determined by a Level 1 process, or where applicable, a WQBEL determined by a Level 2 process.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Domestic Animal Waste; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Water Resource Implementation Rule, 62-40 Florida Administrative Code (2006). The Chapter is intended to provide water resouirce implementation goals, objectives and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources. A goal of the Chapter is to coordinate the management of water and land resources. It is the objective of the State to protect the functions of the entire ecological systems, as developed and defined in the programs, rules, and plans of the Department and water management districts. It is a goal of the Chapter that sufficient water be available for all existing and future reasonable-beneficial uses and the natural systems and that adverse effects of competition for water supplies be avoided.

Application to Coral Reefs:By protecting the functions of entire aquatic ecological systems, those waters will contain less contaminants when they are discharged and meet other natural water bodies including marine ecosystems. Cleaner water will result in less ecological strees to marine ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This Chapter is intended to provide water resource implementation goals, objectives, and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources, based on statutory policies and directives in Chapters 187, 373, and 403, Florida Statutes. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies
Wetland applications, 62-611 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To provide qualitative and quantitative design criteria discharge limits, permitting requirements, and monitoring requirements for wetlands, man-made and natural, receiving domestic wastewater.

Application to Coral Reefs:Because wetlands act as buffers and remove nutrients from contaminated water, in many case the nutrients will not reach the estuarine and marine environments and potentially have an adverse effect on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative in nature and specific pollutant limits and monitoring requirements are specified in individual permits

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge

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