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Non-point Source Runoff

Non-point Source Runoff

Non-point source pollution is runoff from diffuse sources that is caused by rainwater moving over and through the ground, carrying pollutants with it and depositing them in coastal waters.

CMap

The Agriculture Sector includes both animal and crop production. Applied chemicals are chemicals applied to lands, vehicles, buildings, or during manufacturing for a variety of purposes, including maintaining pests, improving soil quality, or cleaning surfaces. Atmospheric Emissions include discharges of atmospheric pollutants, including mercury, greenhouse gases, nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, and volatile organic compounds from the operation of factories, vehicles, and other sources. Civil Engineering and Construction specializes in the design and construction of infrastructure, including buildings and homes, roads, utility lines, and ports. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ditching & Soil Disturbance pertains to large-scale changes to the terrestrial landscape through channeling for irrigation, grading for roads & construction, and mining which disrupt and dislodge soil and can lead to sediment runoff into the watershed. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Food & energy policies are legislation, restrictions, and guidelines that pertain to sectors that harvest or extract natural resources. The Food and Raw Materials sector includes groups that harvest natural resources from the earth, including agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, forestry, mining, and the oil and gas industry. Impervious surfaces are surfaces, such as asphalt roads and concrete sidewalks. Infrastructural policies are responses, including zoning, codes, or regulations, that impact the distribution and functioning of socio-economic sectors that provide infrastructure. Infrastructural sectors provide the physical, organizational, and technical support for the economy to function, including construction, utilities, transportation, finance, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and technical services. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Industries in the Manufacturing and Trade subsector produce and sell food, beverage, tobacco, wood, plastics, chemical products, metals, electronics, and machinery products, in both wholesale and retail trade. The Mining Industry consists of the operation of mines, quarries, and wells, and the extraction of natural resources, such as solid and liquid minerals and gases, from the earth. Non-point source pollution is runoff from diffuse sources that is caused by rainwater moving over and through the ground, carrying pollutants with it and depositing them in coastal waters. Nutrients are essential elements needed by plants and animals for growth and primarily include nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium, as well as minor nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, or zinc. Petroleum Spills are releases of oil or natural gas into the environment related to the development, transportation, and application of petroleum products. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Seawater flow reflects circulation patterns, currents, and wave action that move water throughout the ocean and towards the coastline. Sediment includes dirt, sand, silt, clay, and small rocks that form soil on land or soft substrate in marine habitats, and may be transported by water, wind, or human activities. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Storms and hurricanes are periodic events of high precipitation, winds, wave action, and flooding that can potentially cause damage to reef habitat, property, or human lives. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Surface and groundwater flow reflects the patterns of water movement across the landscape, including rivers, streams, underground water, or stormwater. Toxics are chemical pollutants that are poisonous, carcinogenic, or otherwise directly harmful to humans, plants, or animals. The Transportation Sector involves comprises all modes of transportation (Aviation, Maritime, Mass Transit, Highway, Freight Rail, and Pipeline) The Transportation Systems Sector is segmented into six key subsectors, or modes, which operate independently within both a regulated and non-regulated environment, yet are also highly interdependent. Waterborne discharges include direct and indirect discharges of pollutants into the aquatic environment, including chemicals, nutrients, sediment, and pathogens. A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally.

CMap Description

Non-point source pollution arises from many sources including application of fertilizers and pesticides in agricultural lands or residential areas, urban runoff of oil, grease, and toxic chemicals, sediment runoff from improperly managed construction sites, mines, or agricultural lands, acid drainage from abandoned mines, and atmospheric deposition of pollutants emitted from factories or vehicles. Changes in the landscape, such as ditching, soil disturbance, and impervious surface can affect the rates and distribution of pollutant discharge into coastal waters. Inputs of toxic chemicals, sediment, or nutrients into the reef environment can affect the survival and growth of reef species, including fish, coral, and other invertebrates. Many of the same socio-economic sectors that create pollution benefit indirectly from goods and services provided by the reef ,which provides recreational opportunities and contributes to the cultural identity of the local community and drives coastal development. Non-point source controls can set limitations on the quantity and frequency of discharges. Agriculture practices, mining practices, and landuse management, such as zoning and stormwater collection, can be used to reduce landscape changes and application of chemicals that contribute to runoff.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
2011. Nonpoint Source Management Program 2010 Annual Report. Document # DEPLW-1205, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, (Maine, USA). 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Chemical Use Regulations; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Housing; Impervious Surfaces; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Afzal, J; Williams, M; Leng, MJ; Aldridge, RJ. 2011. Dynamic response of the shallow marine benthic ecosystem to regional and pan-Tethyan environmental change at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 309:141-160. 2011 India Algae; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton
Bouma, JA; Kuik, O; Dekker, AG. 2011. Assessing the value of Earth Observation for managing coral reefs: An example from the Great Barrier Reef. Science of the Total Environment 409:4497-4503. 2011 Global; Australia; Europe Climate; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Chen, TR; Yu, KF; Li, S; Chen, TG; Shi, Q. 2011. Anomalous Ba/Ca signals associated with low temperature stresses in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. Journal of Environmental Sciences China 23:1452-1459. 2011 China Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Corlett, H; Jones, B. 2011. Ecological controls on Devonian stromatoporoid-dominated and coral-dominated reef growth in the Mackenzie Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48:1543-1560. 2011 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Denis, V; Debreuil, J; De Palmas, S; Richard, J; Guillaume, MMM; Bruggemann, JH. 2011. Lesion regeneration capacities in populations of the massive coral Porites lutea at Reunion Island: environmental correlates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 428:105-117. 2011 Reunion; India Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Drupp, P; De Carlo, EH; Mackenzie, FT; Bienfang, P; Sabine, CL. 2011. Nutrient Inputs, Phytoplankton Response, and CO(2) Variations in a Semi-Enclosed Subtropical Embayment, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Aquatic Geochemistry 17:473-498. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Futch, JC; Griffin, DW; Banks, K; Lipp, EK. 2011. Evaluation of sewage source and fate on southeast Florida coastal reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2308-2316. 2011 Florida Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Garilli, V. 2011. Mediterranean Quaternary interglacial molluscan assemblages: Palaeobiogeographical and palaeoceanographical responses to climate change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 312:98-114. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity
Golbuu, Y; van Woesik, R; Richmond, RH; Harrison, P; Fabricius, KE. 2011. River discharge reduces reef coral diversity in Palau. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:824-831. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goodkin, NF; Switzer, AD; McCorry, D; DeVantier, L; True, JD; Hughen, KA; Angeline, N; Yang, TT. 2011. Coral communities of Hong Kong: long-lived corals in a marginal reef environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 426:185-196. 2011 Australia; China Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Haapkyla, J; Unsworth, RKF; Flavell, M; Bourne, DG; Schaffelke, B; Willis, BL. 2011. Seasonal Rainfall and Runoff Promote Coral Disease on an Inshore Reef. PLoS One 6. 2011 Australia Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Salinity; Sediment
Herbeck, LS; Unger, D; Krumme, U; Liu, SM; Jennerjahn, TC. 2011. Typhoon-induced precipitation impact on nutrient and suspended matter dynamics of a tropical estuary affected by human activities in Hainan, China. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 93:375-388. 2011 China Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Isozaki, Y; Aljinovic, D; Kawahata, H. 2011. The Guadalupian (Permian) Kamura event in European Tethys. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 308:12-21. 2011 Global; Japan; China; Europe Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
James, NP; Jones, B; Nelson, CS; Campbell, HJ; Titjen, J. 2011. Cenozoic temperate and sub-tropical carbonate sedimentation on an oceanic volcano - Chatham Islands, New Zealand. Sedimentology 58:1007-1029. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jones, RJ. 2011. Spatial patterns of chemical contamination (metals, PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFS) in sediments of a non-industrialized but densely populated coral atoll/small island state (Bermuda). Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:1362-1376. 2011 South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics
Lapointe, BE; Bedford, BJ. 2011. Stormwater nutrient inputs favor growth of non-native macroalgae (Rhodophyta) on O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands. Harmful Algae 10:310-318. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mallela, J; Hermann, J; Rapp, RP; Eggins, SM. 2011. Fine-scale phosphorus distribution in coral skeletons: combining X-ray mapping by electronprobe microanalysis and LA-ICP-MS. Coral Reefs 30:813-818. 2011 GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Discharges; Fish; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies; Waste Management; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. 2011 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Reymond, CE; Uthicke, S; Pandolfi, JM. 2011. Inhibited growth in the photosymbiont-bearing foraminifer Marginopora vertebralis from the nearshore Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 435:97-U117. 2011 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Climate; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rolfe, J; Windle, J. 2011. Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef. Water Resources Research 47. 2011 Australia Model Agriculture; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff
Ruggeberg, A; Flogel, S; Dullo, WC; Hissmann, K; Freiwald, A. 2011. Water mass characteristics and sill dynamics in a subpolar cold-water coral reef setting at Stjernsund, northern Norway. Marine Geology 282:5-12. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Norway Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Wenger, AS; Johansen, JL; Jones, GP. 2011. Suspended sediment impairs habitat choice and chemosensory discrimination in two coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs 30:879-887. 2011 Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Williamson, EA; Strychar, KB; Withers, K; Sterba-Boatwright, B. 2011. Effects of salinity and sedimentation on the Gorgonian Coral, Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck 1815). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 409:331-338. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Octocoral; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Witt, V; Wild, C; Uthicke, S. 2011. Effect of substrate type on bacterial community composition in biofilms from the Great Barrier Reef. FEMS Microbiology Letters 323:188-195. 2011 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Substrate
2010. MS4 Permit Improvement Guide. 833-R-10-001, US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 2010 Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Schools & Colleges; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bartley, R., J. P. Corfield, B. N. Abbott, A. A. Hawdon, S. N. Wilkinson, and B. Nelson. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields, Part 1: Hills lope processes. Journal of Hydrology 389:237-248. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Littering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bartley, R., S. N. Wilkinson, A. A. Hawdon, B. N. Abbott, and D. A. Post. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields. Part 2: Catchment response. Journal of Hydrology 389:249-259. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Brodie, J., T. Schroeder, K. Rohde, J. Faithful, B. Masters, A. Dekker, V. Brando, and M. Maughan. 2010. Dispersal of suspended sediments and nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon during river-discharge events: conclusions from satellite remote sensing and concurrent flood-plume sampling. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:651-664. 2010 Australia Remote Sensing Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chabanet, P., N. Guillemot, M. Kulbicki, L. Vigliola, and S. Sarramegna. 2010. Baseline study of the spatio-temporal patterns of reef fish assemblages prior to a major mining project in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:598-611. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Cheng, J. O., Y. M. Cheng, T. H. Chen, P. C. Hsieh, M. D. Fang, C. L. Lee, and F. C. Ko. 2010. A Preliminary Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Distribution in the Kenting Coral Reef Waters of Southern Taiwan. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58:489-498. 2010 Taiwan Non-point Source Runoff
Clary, J., Leisenring, M., and Jeray, J. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Pollutant Category Summary: Fecal Indicator Bacteria. Wright Water Engineers. 2010 Index or Indicator Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. 2010. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: 2009 System Status Report. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
De'ath, G. and K. Fabricius. 2010. Water quality as a regional driver of coral biodiversity and macroalgae on the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications 20:840-850. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Model Agriculture; Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Grove, C. A., R. Nagtegaal, J. Zinke, T. Scheufen, B. Koster, S. Kasper, M. T. McCulloch, G. van den Bergh, and G. J. A. Brummer. 2010. River runoff reconstructions from novel spectral luminescence scanning of massive coral skeletons. Coral Reefs 29:579-591. 2010 Madagascar Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hallegraeff, G. M. 2010. Ocean Climate Change, Phytoplankton Community Responses, And Harmful Algal Blooms: A Formidable Predictive Challenge. Journal of Phycology 46:220-235. 2010 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Climate; CO2; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huang, K. F., C. F. You, Y. H. Liu, R. M. Wang, P. Y. Lin, and C. H. Chung. 2010. Low-memory, small sample size, accurate and high-precision determinations of lithium isotopic ratios in natural materials by MC-ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 25:1019-1024. 2010 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lapointe, B. E. and B. J. Bedford. 2010. Ecology and nutrition of invasive Caulerpa brachypus f. parvifolia blooms on coral reefs off southeast Florida, USA. Harmful Algae 9:1-12. 2010 Florida; Bahamas Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lapointe, B. E., R. Langton, B. J. Bedford, A. C. Potts, O. Day, and C. M. Hu. 2010. Land-based nutrient enrichment of the Buccoo Reef Complex and fringing coral reefs of Tobago, West Indies. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:334-343. 2010 Tobago Remote Sensing Algae; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. 2010 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Maier, E. and J. Titschack. 2010. Spondylus gaederopus: A new Mediterranean climate archive - Based on high-resolution oxygen and carbon isotope analyses. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 291:228-238. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Integrated Pest Management (IPM). CODE 595. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2010 Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Reopanichkul, P., R. W. Carter, S. Worachananant, and C. J. Crossland. 2010. Wastewater discharge degrades coastal waters and reef communities in southern Thailand. Marine Environmental Research 69:287-296. 2010 Study Location; Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Sazzad, M. H., A. R. Wijaya, K. Tanaka, and S. Ohde. 2010. Environmental effects on the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions and skeletal density banding pattern of Porites coral from Khang Khao Island, Thailand. African Journal of Biotechnology 9:5373-5382. 2010 Thailand Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shaw, M., M. J. Furnas, K. Fabricius, D. Haynes, S. Carter, G. Eaglesham, and J. F. Mueller. 2010. Monitoring pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:113-122. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Shenton, W., B. T. Hart, and J. Brodie. 2010. A Bayesian network model linking nutrient management actions in the Tully catchment (northern Queensland) with Great Barrier Reef condition. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:587-595. 2010 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Algae; Decision Support; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tanaka, K., S. Ohde, A. Sakaguchi, C. W. McLeod, and A. G. Cox. 2010. Pb/Ca in Thailand Coral Determined by LA-ICP-MS: Anthropogenic Pb Input of River Run-off into a Coral Reef from Urbanised Areas. Water Air And Soil Pollution 211:211-218. 2010 Thailand Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Uthicke, S. and C. Altenrath. 2010. Water column nutrients control growth and C : N ratios of symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Limnology and Oceanography 55:1681-1696. 2010 Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting
Uthicke, S., A. Thompson, and B. Schaffelke. 2010. y Effectiveness of benthic foraminiferal and coral assemblages as water quality indicators on inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 29:209-225. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral
Zapata, F. A., A. Rodriguez-Ramirez, C. Caro-Zambrano, and J. Garzon-Ferreira. 2010. Mid-term coral-algal dynamics and conservation status of a Gorgona Island (Tropical Eastern Pacific) coral reef. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:81-94. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Bainbridge, Z. T., J. E. Brodie, J. W. Faithful, D. A. Sydes, and S. E. Lewis. 2009. Identifying the land-based sources of suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides discharged to the Great Barrier Reef from the Tully-Murray Basin, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1081-1090. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Bochicchio, C., C. Fletcher, M. Dyer, and T. Smith. 2009. Reef-top sediment bodies: windward o'ahu, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 63:61-82. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bonkosky, M., E. A. Hernandez-Delgado, B. Sandoz, I. E. Robledo, J. Norat-Ramirez, and H. Mattei. 2009. Detection of spatial fluctuations of non-point source fecal pollution in coral reef surrounding waters in southwestern Puerto Rico using PCR-based assays. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:45-54. 2009 Puerto Rico Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Brandano, M., V. Frezza, L. Tomassetti, and M. Cuffaro. 2009. Heterozoan carbonates in oligotrophic tropical waters: The Attard member of the lower coralline limestone formation (Upper Oligocene, Malta). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 274:54-63. 2009 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment
Carilli, J. E., N. G. Prouty, K. A. Hughen, and R. D. Norris. 2009. Century-scale records of land-based activities recorded in Mesoamerican coral cores. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1835-1842. 2009 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Agriculture; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral
Downs, C. A., E. Kramarsky-Winter, C. M. Woodley, A. Downs, G. Winters, Y. Loya, and G. K. Ostrander. 2009. Cellular pathology and histopathology of hypo-salinity exposure on the coral Stylophora pistillata. Science of the Total Environment 407:4838-4851. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
Draut, A. E., M. H. Bothner, M. E. Field, R. L. Reynolds, S. A. Cochran, J. B. Logan, C. D. Storlazzi, and C. J. Berg. 2009. Supply and dispersal of flood sediment from a steep, tropical watershed: Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121:574-585. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Drinia, H. 2009. Foraminiferal biofacies and paleoenvironmental implications of the Early Tortonian deposits of Gavdos Island (Eastern Mediterranean). Revue de Micropaleontologie 52:15-29. 2009 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dung, L. D. 2009. Nha Trang Bay marine protected area, Vietnam: Initial trends in coral structure and some preliminary linkages between these trends and human activities (2002-2005). Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:249-257. 2009 Vietnam Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Eklof, J. S., S. Frocklin, A. Lindvall, N. Stadlinger, A. Kimathi, J. N. Uku, and T. R. McClanahan. 2009. How effective are MPAs? Predation control and 'spill-in effects' in seagrass-coral reef lagoons under contrasting fishery management. Marine Ecology Progress Series 384:83-96. 2009 Kenya Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars
Kragt, M. E., P. C. Roebeling, and A. Ruijs. 2009. Effects of Great Barrier Reef degradation on recreational reef-trip demand: A contingent behaviour approach. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 53:213-229. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Kroon, F. J. and J. Brodie. 2009. Catchment management and health of coastal ecosystems: synthesis and future research. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1196-1200. 2009 Global; Australia Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Kundzewicz, Z. W. and P. Doll. 2009. Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change? Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques 54:665-675. 2009 Global Climate; Drinking Water Supply; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level
Larsen, M. C. and R. M. T. Webb. 2009. Potential effects of runoff, fluvial sediment, and nutrient discharges on the coral reefs of Puerto Rico. Journal of Coastal Research 25:189-208. 2009 Puerto Rico Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lee, J. N. and C. A. R. Mohamed. 2009. Trace Metal Contents in the Porites Corals of Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal Of Environmental Research 3:85-94. 2009 Malaysia; Oman Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Lewis, S. E., J. E. Brodie, Z. T. Bainbridge, K. W. Rohde, A. M. Davis, B. L. Masters, M. Maughan, M. J. Devlin, J. F. Mueller, and B. Schaffelke. 2009. Herbicides: A new threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Pollution 157:2470-2484. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Maher, B. A., S. J. Watkins, G. Brunskill, J. Alexander, and C. R. Fielding. 2009. Sediment provenance in a tropical fluvial and marine context by magnetic 'fingerprinting' of transportable sand fractions. Sedimentology 56:841-861. 2009 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McClanahan, T. R., E. Weil, and J. Maina. 2009. Strong relationship between coral bleaching and growth anomalies in massive Porites. Global Change Biology 15:1804-1816. 2009 Kenya Model Algae; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Mitchell, A., J. Reghenzani, J. Faithful, M. Furnas, and J. Brodie. 2009. Relationships between land use and nutrient concentrations in streams draining a 'wet-tropics' catchment in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1097-1108. 2009 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nelson, W. A. 2009. Calcified macroalgae - critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:787-801. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; CO2; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. 2009. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:976-986. 2009 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Radermacher, P., B. R. Schone, E. Gischler, W. Oschmann, J. Thebault, and J. Fiebig. 2009. Sclerochronology - a highly versatile tool for mariculture and reconstruction of life history traits of the queen conch, Strombus gigas (Gastropoda). Aquatic Living Resources 22:307-318. 2009 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Non-point Source Runoff; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ramos, R., R. Cipriani, H. M. Guzman, and E. Garcia. 2009. Chronology of mercury enrichment factors in reef corals from western Venezuela. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:222-229. 2009 Venezuela Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Toxics
Reopanichkul, P., T. A. Schlacher, R. W. Carter, and S. Worachananant. 2009. Sewage impacts coral reefs at multiple levels of ecological organization. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1356-1362. 2009 Global; Thailand Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral Reefs Threats and Conservation in an Era of Global Change. Pages 136-186 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2009. 2009 Global; Florida Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral reefs: threats and conservation in an era of global change. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1162:136-186. 2009 Global; Florida Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Riegl, B., S. J. Purkis, J. Keck, and G. P. Rowlands. 2009. Monitored and modeled coral population dynamics and the refuge concept. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:24-38. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics
Roeroe, K. A., M. Yap, and M. Okamoto. 2009. Development of a coastal environment assessment system using coral recruitment. Fisheries Science 75:215-224. 2009 Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae
Takesue, R. K., M. H. Bothner, and R. L. Reynolds. 2009. Sources of land-derived runoff to a coral reef-fringed embayment identified using geochemical tracers in nearshore sediment traps. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 85:459-471. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tindall, J. C., P. J. Valdes, and L. C. Sime. 2009. Stable water isotopes in HadCM3: Isotopic signature of El Nino Southern Oscillation and the tropical amount effect. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 114:D04111. 2009 Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff
Tindall, J. C., P. J. Valdes, and L. C. Sime. 2009. Stable water isotopes in HadCM3: Isotopic signature of El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the tropical amount effect. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 114. 2009 Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff
Wei, G., M. T. McCulloch, G. Mortimer, W. Deng, and L. Xie. 2009. Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:2332-2346. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wolanski, E., J. A. Martinez, and R. H. Richmond. 2009. Quantifying the impact of watershed urbanization on a coral reef: Maunalua Bay, Hawaii. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:259-268. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wooldridge, S. A. 2009. Water quality and coral bleaching thresholds: Formalising the linkage for the inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:745-751. 2009 Global; Australia Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cannon, J. 2008. A bargain for clean water. 2008 Review Agriculture; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. 2008 Puerto Rico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Cherubin, L. M., C. P. Kuchinke, and C. B. Paris. 2008. Ocean circulation and terrestrial runoff dynamics in the Mesoamerican region from spectral optimization of SeaWiFS data and a high resolution simulation. Coral Reefs 27:503-519. 2008 Honduras Model; Remote Sensing Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Golbuu, Y., K. E. Fabricius, S. Victor, R. H. Richmond. 2008. Gradients in coral reef communities exposed to muddy river discharge in Pohnpei, Micronesia. 39454. 2008 Micronesia Index or Indicator Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Grech, A. and H. Marsh. 2008. Rapid assessment of risks to a mobile marine mammal in an ecosystem-scale marine protected area. Conservation Biology 22:711-720. 2008 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Whales & Dolphins
Guzman, H. M., R. Cipriani, and J. B. C. Jackson. 2008. Historical decline in coral reef growth after the Panama Canal. Ambio 37:342-346. 2008 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water
Halicz, L., I. Segal, N. Fruchter, M. Stein, and B. Lazar. 2008. Strontium stable isotopes fractionate in the soil environments? Earth and Planetary Science Letters 272:406-411. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral
Hawdon, A. A., R. J. Keen, D. A. Post, and S. N. Wilkinson. 2008. Hydrological recovery of rangeland following cattle exclusion. IAHS-AISH Publication 532-539. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Humphrey, C., M. Weber, C. Lott, T. Cooper, K. Fabricius. 2008. Effects of suspended sediments, dissolved inorganic nutrients and salinity on fertilisation and embryo development in the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834). Coral Reefs 27:837-850. 2008 Australia Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hunter, H. M. and R. S. Walton. 2008. Land-use effects on fluxes of suspended sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus from a river catchment of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 356:131-146. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Jackson, J. B. C. 2008. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:11458-11465. 2008 Global Agriculture; Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
Jupiter, S., G. Roff, G. Marion, M. Henderson, V. Schrameyer, M. McCulloch, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Linkages between coral assemblages and coral proxies of terrestrial exposure along a cross-shelf gradient on the southern Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 27:887-903. 2008 Australia Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kitada, Y., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, and T. Oomori. 2008. Distribution of pesticides and bisphenol A in sediments collected from rivers adjacent to coral reefs. Chemosphere 71:2082-2090. 2008 Japan Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Meng, P.-J., H.-J. Lee, J.-T. Wang, C.-C. Chen, H.-J. Lin, K. S. Tew, and W.-J. Hsieh. 2008. A long-term survey on anthropogenic impacts to the water quality of coral reefs, southern Taiwan. Environmental Pollution 156:67-75. 2008 Taiwan Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Water and Sediment Control Basin. CODE 638. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2008 Non-point Source Runoff; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Olsson, P., C. Folke, and T. P. Hughes. 2008. Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:9489-9494. 2008 Global; Australia; Oman Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff
Paris, C. B. and L. M. Cherubin. 2008. River-reef connectivity in the Meso-American Region. Coral Reefs 27:773-781. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Prouty, N. G., K. A. Hughen, and J. Carilli. 2008. Geochemical signature of land-based activities in Caribbean coral surface samples. Coral Reefs 27:727-742. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Index or Indicator Agriculture; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Przeslawski, R., S. Ahyong, M. Byrne, G. Worheide, and P. Hutchings. 2008. Beyond corals and fish: The effects of climate change on noncoral benthic invertebrates of tropical reefs. Global Change Biology 14:2773-2795. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review Climate; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Roeroe, K. A., M. Yap, and M. Okamoto. 2008. Development of a coastal environment assessment system using coral recruitment. Fisheries Science 10-Jan. 2008 Japan Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae
Segal, B., H. Evangelista, M. Kampel, A. C. Goncalves, P. S. Polito, and E. A. dos Santos. 2008. Potential impacts of polar fronts on sedimentation processes at Abrolhos coral reef (South-West Atlantic Ocean/Brazil). Continental Shelf Research 28:533-544. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sofonia, J. J. and K. R. N. Anthony. 2008. High-sediment tolerance in the reef coral Turbinaria mesenterina from the inner Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Australia). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:748-752. 2008 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral
Sunagawa, S., J. Cortes, C. Jimenez, and R. Lara. 2008. Variation in cell densities and pigment concentrations of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the coral Pavona clavus in the eastern Pacific (Costa Rica) [Variacion en la densidad de celulas y en las concentraciones de pigmentos de los dinosflagelados simbiot. Ciencias Marinas 34:113-123. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Costa Rica Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Zooxanthellae
Takada, Y., O. Abe, and T. Shibuno. 2008. Cryptic assemblages in coral-rubble interstices along a terrestrial-sediment gradient. Coral Reefs 27:665-675. 2008 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Uthicke, S. and K. Nobes. 2008. Benthic Foraminifera as ecological indicators for water quality on the Great Barrier Reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 78:763-773. 2008 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Caribbean Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008]. 2008 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wilson, M. E. J. 2008. Global and regional influences on equatorial shallow-marine carbonates during the Cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 265:262-274. 2008 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Aeby, G. S. 2007. Spatial and temporal patterns of Porites trematodiasis on the reefs of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Bulletin of Marine Science 80:209-218. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Anthony, K. R. N. and A. P. Kerswell. 2007. Coral mortality following extreme low tides and high solar radiation. Marine Biology 151:1623-1631. 2007 Australia Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Derse, E., K. L. Knee, S. D. Wankel, C. Kendall, C. J. Berg Jr., and A. Paytan. 2007. Identifying sources of nitrogen to Hanalei Bay, Kauai, utilizing the nitrogen isotope signature of macroalgae. Environmental Science and Technology 41:5217-5223. 2007 Algae; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Remediation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC. 2007 Aquaculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
Fagan, K. E. and F. T. Mackenzie. 2007. Air-sea CO2 exchange in a subtropical estuarine-coral reef system, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Chemistry 106:174-191. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Haynes, D., J. Brodie, J. Waterhouse, Z. Bainbridge, D. Bass, and B. Hart. 2007. Assessment of the water quality and ecosystem health of the Great Barrier Reef (Australia): Conceptual models. Environmental Management 40:993-1003. 2007 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mallela, J. 2007. Coral reef encruster communities and carbonate production in cryptic and exposed coral reef habitats along a gradient of terrestrial disturbance. Coral Reefs 26:775-785. 2007 Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mallela, J. and C. T. Perry. 2007. Calcium carbonate budgets for two coral reefs affected by different terrestrial runoff regimes, Rio Bueno, Jamaica. Coral Reefs 26:129-145. 2007 Jamaica Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McPhee-Shaw, E. E., D. A. Siegel, L. Washburn, M. A. Brzezinski, J. L. Jones, A. Leydecker, and J. Melack. 2007. Mechanisms for nutrient delivery to the inner shelf: Observations from the Santa Barbara Channel. Limnology and Oceanography 52:1748-1766. 2007 Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. 2007. Sediment Production From Natural And Disturbed Surfaces In Dry Tropical Areas Of La Parguera-Pr, 2003-2005. Pages 1-5 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies
Richmond, R. H., T. Rongo, Y. Golbuu, S. Victor, N. Idechong, G. Davis, W. Kostka, L. Neth, M. Hamnett, and E. Wolanski. 2007. Watersheds and coral reefs: Conservation science, policy, and implementation. Bioscience 57:598-607. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Micronesia Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Simpson, B. W. 2007. Lessons for achieving effective management from field research on agrochemicals. Pages 338-359 in ACS Symposium Series. 2007 Australia; Mauritius Field Study & Monitoring Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smajgl, A. and P. C. Gehrke. 2007. Integrating economic and ecological modelling in the great barrier reef catchments. IAHS-AISH Publication 107-115. 2007 Australia Model Agriculture; Climate; Funding & Incentives; Non-point Source Runoff
Thiel, M., E. C. Macaya, E. Acuna, W. E. Arntz, H. Bastias, K. Brokordt, P. A. Camus, J. C. Castilla, L. R. Castro, M. Cortes, C. P. Dumont, R. Escribano, M. Fernandez, J. A. Gajardo, C. F. Gaymer, I. Gomez, A. E. Gonzalez, H. E. Gonzalez, P. A. Haye, and J.-E. Illanes. 2007. The Humboldt Current System of northern and central Chile - Oceanographic processes, ecological interactions and socioeconomic feedback. Oceanography and Marine Biology 45:195-344. 2007 South & Central America Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Tsai, C.-C., J.-H. Liao, H.-H. Wang, and Z.-Y. Hseu. 2007. Effects of typhoon disturbances on soil microbial activities in an uplifted coral reef tropical forest, Southern Taiwan. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 22:265-279. 2007 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Uthicke, S. and K. McGuire. 2007. Bacterial communities in Great Barrier Reef calcareous sediments: Contrasting 16S rDNA libraries from nearshore and outer shelf reefs. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:188-200. 2007 Australia Index or Indicator Cyanobacteria; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Webster, N. S. 2007. Sponge disease: A global threat? Environmental Microbiology 9:1363-1375. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Papua New Guinea; Caribbean; Mexico Review Agriculture; Climate; Cyanobacteria; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Sponges
White, I., T. Falkland, T. Metutera, E. Metai, M. Overmars, P. Perez, A. Dray, and A. C. Falkland. 2007. Climatic and human influences on groundwater in low atolls. Vadose Zone Journal 6:581-590. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water
2006. Caltrans Statewide Sand Filter Study Stormwater Monitoring Report (CTSW-RT-06-128.01-1). 2006 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Burke, L. and Z. Sugg. 2006. Hydrologic Modeling of Watersheds Discharging Adjacent to the Mesoamerican Reef. World Resource Institute. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Halpern, B.S., K. Cottenie, B.R. Broitman. 2006. Strong Top-Down Control in Southern California Kelp Forest Ecosystems. Science 312:1230-1232. 2006 Global Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting
Kline, D. I., J. Bryant, E. Kisflaudy, G. Rohwer, F. Nostropaur, J. Grayson, N. Knowlton, and F. Rohwer. 2006. The aquatic automated dosing and maintenance system (AADAMS). Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 4:184-192. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff
Restrepo, J. D., P. Zapata, J. M. Diaz, J. Garzon-Ferreira, and C. B. Garcia. 2006. Fluvial fluxes into the Caribbean Sea and their impact on coastal ecosystems: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Global and Planetary Change 50:33-49. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Voss, J. D. and L. L. Richardson. 2006. Nutrient enrichment enhances black band disease progression in corals. Coral Reefs 25:569-576. 2006 Lab Study Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Weber, M., C. Lott, K.E. Fabricius. 2006. Sedimentation stress in a scleractinian coral exposed to terrestrial and marine sediments with contrasting physical, organic and geochemical properties. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:18-32. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral
Wooldridge, S., J. Brodie, and M. Furnas. 2006. Exposure of inner-shelf reefs to nutrient enriched runoff entering the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: Post-European changes and the design of water quality targets. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:1467-1479. 2006 Australia; Europe Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ziegler, A. D. and R. A. Sutherland. 2006. Effectiveness of a coral-derived surfacing material for reducing sediment production on unpaved roads, Schoffield Barracks, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Management 37:98-110. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Military; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies
Albert, S., J.M. O'Neil, J.W. Udy, K.S. Ahern, C.M. O'Sullivan, W.C. Dennison. 2005. Blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula in coastal Queensland, Australia: disparate sites, common factors. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:428-437. 2005 Australia Index or Indicator Cyanobacteria; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Barnes, D. J. and R. B. Taylor. 2005. On the nature and causes of luminescent lines and bands in coral skeletons: II. Contribution of skeletal crystals. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 322:135-142. 2005 Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Boulon, R., M. Chiappone, R. Halley, W. Jaap, B. Keller, B. Kruczynski, M. Miller, and C. Rogers. 2005. Atlantic Acropora Status Review. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico Review Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Coastal Development; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
Brodie, J., K. Fabricus, G. De'ath, and K. Okaji. 2005. Are increased nutrient inputs responsible for more outbreaks of crown-of-thorn starfish? An appraisal of the evidence. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:266-278. 2005 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Crosby, M. P. and E. S. Reese. 2005. Relationship of habitat stability and intra-specific population dynamics of an obligate corallivore butterflyfish. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
D'Croz, L., J. B. del Rosario, and P. Gondola. 2005. The effect of fresh water runoff on the distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients and plankton in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Caribbean Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:414-429. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Iran; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity
Devlin, M.J., J. Brodie. 2005. Terrestrial discharge into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: nutrient behavior in coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:9-22. 2005 Australia; Europe GIS & Maps Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Diaz-Pulido, G. and L. J. McCook. 2005. Effects of nutrient enhancement on the fecundity of a coral reef macroalga. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 317:13-24. 2005 Australia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Duke, N. C., A. M. Bell, D. K. Pederson, C. M. Roelfsema, and S. B. Nash. 2005. Herbicides implicated as the cause of severe mangrove dieback in the Mackay region, NE Australia: Consequences for marine plant habitats of the GBR World Heritage Area. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:308-324. 2005 Australia Review Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fabricius, K. E. 2005. Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of corals and coral reefs: Review and synthesis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:125-146. 2005 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Stony Coral
Faithful, J., W. Finlayson. 2005. Water quality assessment for sustainable agriculture in the Wet Tropics - A community-assisted approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:99-112. 2005 Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Friedlander, A., G. Aeby, E. Brown, A. Clark, S. Coles, S. Dollar, C. Hunter, P. Jokiel, J. Smith, B. Walsh, I. Williams, and W. Wiltse. 2005. The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Main Hawaiian Islands. NOAA. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Coastal Development; Non-point Source Runoff
Gerhard, L. C. and T. A. Cross. 2005. Measurements of the generation and distribution of carbonate sediments of Buck Island channel, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands, with observations about sediments in fringing lagoons. Atoll Research Bulletin 157-176. 2005 US Virgin Islands Lab Study Calcareous Macroalgae; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Golabi, M. H., C. Iyekar, and D. Minton. 2005. Effect of vetiver technology on sediment loss and water quality in southern Guam. Pages 348-355 in Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Watershed Management to Meet Water Quality Standards and Emerging TMDL. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Greiner, R., A. Herr, J. Brodie, and D. Haynes. 2005. A multi-criteria approach to Great Barrier Reef catchment (Queensland, Australia) diffuse-source pollution problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:128-137. 2005 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hewitt, J. E., M. J. Anderson, and S. F. Thrush. 2005. Assessing and monitoring ecological community health in marine systems. Ecological Applications 15:942-953. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Houk, P., G. Didonato, J. Iguel, and R. Van Woesik. 2005. Assessing the effects of non-point source pollution on American Samoa's coral reef communities. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 107:27-Nov. 2005 Samoa; American Samoa Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Stony Coral
Hutchings, P., M. Peyrot-Clausade, and A. Osnorno. 2005. Influence of land runoff on rates and agents of bioerosion of coral substrates. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:438-447. 2005 Australia Algae; Bivalves; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, M. M. Littler, and D. S. Littler. 2005. Macroalgal blooms on southeast Florida coral reefs: II. Cross-shelf discrimination of nitrogen sources indicates widespread assimilation of sewage nitrogen. Harmful Algae 4:1106-1122. 2005 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Leao, Z. M. A. N. and R. K. P. Kikuchi. 2005. A relic coral fauna threatened by global changes and human activities, Eastern Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:599-611. 2005 Global Finfish Harvest; Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Marion, G. S., R. B. Dunbar, D. A. Mucciarone, J. N. Kremer, J. S. Lansing, and A. Arthawiguna. 2005. Coral skeletal δ15N reveals isotopic traces of an agricultural revolution. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:931-944. 2005 Indonesia Agriculture; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Wastewater Discharge
Nash, S. M. B., K. McMahon, G. Eaglesham, and J. F. Muller. 2005. Application of a novel phytotoxicity assay for the detection of herbicides in Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Straits. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:351-360. 2005 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
O'Reagain, P. J., J. Brodie, G. Fraser, J. J. Bushell, C. H. Holloway, J. W. Faithful, and D. Haynes. 2005. Nutrient loss and water quality under extensive grazing in the upper Burdekin river catchment, North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:37-50. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smith, J. E., J. W. Runcie, and C. M. Smith. 2005. Characterization of a large-scale ephemeral bloom of the green alga Cladophora sericea on the coral reefs of West Maui, Hawai'i. Marine Ecology Progress Series 302:77-91. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Warne, A. G., R. M. T. Webb, and M. C. Larsen. 2005. Water, sediment, and nutrient discharge characteristics of rivers in Puerto Rico, and their potential influence on coral reefs. Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5206, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 2005 Puerto Rico Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2004. Nutrient pollution aggravates coral diseases. Water Environment and Technology 16:10. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
[No author name available]. 2004. Wastewater, polluted runoff may cause coral reef destruction. Water Environment and Technology 16:8. 2004 Florida Agriculture; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Snails & Conch; Wastewater Discharge
Anthony, K. R. N., P. V. Ridd, A. R. Orpin, P. Larcombe, and J. Lough. 2004. Temporal variation of light availability in coastal benthic habitats: Effects of clouds, turbidity, and tides. Limnology and Oceanography 49:2201-2211. 2004 Light; Non-point Source Runoff
Dollar, S.J., R.W. Grigg. 2004. Anthropogenic and Natural Stresses on Selected Coral Reefs in Hawai'i: A Multidecade Synthesis of Impact and Recovery. Pacific Science 58:281-304. 2004 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Fabricius, K. E. and G. De'ath. 2004. Identifying ecological change and its causes: A case study on coral reefs. Ecological Applications 14:1448-1465. 2004 Australia Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goldberg, J. and C. Wilkinson. 2004. Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2004. 2004 Global Agriculture; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seastars; Sediment
Jokiel, P. L., E. K. Brown, A. Friedlander, S. K. Rodgers, and W. R. Smith. 2004. Hawai'i Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: Spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in reef coral communities. Pacific Science 58:159-174. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral
Klosowska, B. B., S. R. Troelstra, J. E. Van Hinte, D. Beets, K. Van Der Borg, and A. F. M. De Jong. 2004. Late holocene environmental reconstruction of St. Michiel saline lagoon, Curacao (Dutch Antilles). Radiocarbon 46:765-774. 2004 Antilles; Europe Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Deforestation & Devegetation; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, and W. R. Matzie. 2004. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef communities in the Lower Florida Keys: Discrimination of local versus regional nitrogen sources. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:23-58. 2004 Global; Florida Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Latypov, YU .Y A. 2004. Reef-building corals and reefs of Vietnam: 2. The Gulf of Tonkin. Russian Journal of Marine Biology 29. 2004 Vietnam Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lin, J.-Y., S. Huang, S.-H. Chen, W.-C. Chen, and S. L. Yu. 2004. A BMP system for A clay mining facility in Taiwan. Pages 477-485 in Proceedings of the 2004 World Water and Environmetal Resources Congress: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmetal Resources Management. 2004 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Liu, Y., H. Qiang, and Z. Zhu. 2004. Silk-proof measures. International Water Power and Dam Construction 56:18-20. 2004 Non-point Source Runoff
Nowak, R. 2004. Sewage nutrients fuel coral disease. New Scientist 181:13-Dec. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Agriculture; Algae; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens
Ramos, A. A., Y. Inoue, and S. Ohde. 2004. Metal contents in Porites corals: Anthropogenic input of river run-off into a coral reef from an urbanized area, Okinawa. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48:281-294. 2004 Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 2: delving deeper into the sea's bounty. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A472-481. 2004 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Vennin, E., J.-M. Rouchy, C. Chaix, M.-M. Blanc-Valleron, A. Caruso, and V. Rommevau. 2004. Paleoecological constraints on reef-coral morphologies in the Tortonian - Early Messinian of the Lorca Basin, SE Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 213:163-185. 2004 Global; Spain Algae; Coralline Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Alibert, C., L. Kinsley, S. J. Fallon, M. T. McCulloch, R. Berkelmans, and F. McAllister. 2003. Source of trace element variability in Great Barrier Reef corals affected by the Burdekin flood plumes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67:231-246. 2003 Australia Discharges; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bandara, N. J. G. J. 2003. Water and wastewater related issues in Sri Lanka. Water Science and Technology 47:305-312. 2003 Sri Lanka Agriculture; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Barnes, D. J., R. B. Taylor, and J. M. Lough. 2003. Measurement of luminescence in coral skeletons. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 295:91-106. 2003 Agriculture; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharges; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cesar, H., L. Burke, L. Pet-Soede. 2003. The economics of worldwide coral reef degradation. Cesar Environmental Economics Consulting, Arnhem, Netherlands. 2003 Climate; Finfish Harvest; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Tourism & Recreation
Corda, L. and M. Brandano. 2003. Aphotic zone carbonate production on a Miocene ramp, Central Apennines, Italy. Sedimentary Geology 161:55-70. 2003 Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Daby, D. 2003. Some quantitative aspects of seagrass ecology in a coastal lagoon of Mauritius. Marine Biology 142:193-203. 2003 Mauritius GIS & Maps Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Edmundson, J. A., T. M. Willette, J. M. Edmundson, D. C. Schmidt, S. R. Carlson, B. G. Bue, and K. E. Tarbox. 2003. Sockeye Salmon Overescapement (Kenai River Component). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report. 2003 Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Finkl, C. W. and R. H. Charlier. 2003. Sustainability of Subtropical Coastal Zones in Southeastern Florida: Challenges for Urbanized Coastal Environments Threatened by Development, Pollution, Water Supply, and Storm Hazards. Journal of Coastal Research 19:934-943. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba Model Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Remediation; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water; Wetlands
Golbuu, Y., S. Victor, E. Wolanski, and R. H. Richmond. 2003. Trapping of fine sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:941-949. 2003 Palau; Micronesia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hendy, E. J., J. M. Lough, and M. K. Gagan. 2003. Historical mortality in massive Porites from the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Evidence for past environmental stress? Coral Reefs 22:207-215. 2003 Australia Boring Sponges; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hendy, E. J., M. K. Gagan, and J. M. Lough. 2003. Chronological control of coral records using luminescent lines and evidence for non-stationary ENSO teleconnections in northeast Australia. Holocene 13:187-199. 2003 Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hoitink, A. J. F. 2003. Physics of coral reef systems in a shallow tidal embayment. Nederlandse Geografische Studies 313:11-141. 2003 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jompa, J. and L. J. McCook. 2003. Contrasting effects of turf algae on corals: Massive Porites spp. are unaffected by mixed-species turfs, but killed by the red alga Anotrichium tenue. Marine Ecology Progress Series 258:79-86. 2003 Australia Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Kelsey, R. H., G. I. Scott, D. E. Porter, B. Thompson, and L. Webster. 2003. Using multiple antibiotic resistance and land use charactertistics to determine sources of fecal coliform bacterial pollution. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 81:337-348. 2003 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kemp, A. E. S., D. N. Langhorne, I. J. Fairchild, T. S. Schmitt, and E. G. Nisbet. 2003. Evidence for abrupt climate changes in annually laminated marine sediments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 361:1851-1870. 2003 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Langer, M. R. and J. H. Lipps. 2003. Foraminiferal distribution and diversity, Madang Reef and Lagoon, Papua New Guinea. Coral Reefs 22:143-154. 2003 Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Leichter, J.J., H.L. Stewart, S. Miller. 2003. Episodic nutrient transport to Florida coral reefs. Limnology and Oceanography 48:1394-1407. 2003 Florida Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Mamboya, F. A., H. B. Pratap, and M. Bjork. 2003. Heavy metal contamination in the Western Indian Ocean (a review). Page 1437 in Journal De Physique. IV : JP. 2003 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mauritius; Reunion; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
McLaughlin, C. J., C. A. Smith, R. W. Buddemeier, J. D. Bartley, and B. A. Maxwell. 2003. Rivers, runoff, and reefs. Global and Planetary Change 39:191-199. 2003 Global GIS & Maps Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2003 Domestic Animal Waste; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Rayment, G. E. 2003. Water quality in sugar catchments of Queensland. Water Science and Technology 48:35-47. 2003 Australia Review; Index or Indicator Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sandweiss, D. H. 2003. Terminal Pleistocene through Mid-Holocene archaeological sites as paleoclimatic archives for the Peruvian coast. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 194:23-40. 2003 Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thattai, D. V. and B. Kjerfve. 2003. Numerical modeling of tidal and wind-driven circulation in the Meso-American barrier reef lagoon, Western Caribbean. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thattai, D., B. Kjerfve, and W. D. Heyman. 2003. Hydrometeorology and variability of water discharge and sediment load in the inner gulf of Honduras, western Caribbean. Journal of Hydrometeorology 4:985-995. 2003 South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Van De Schootbrugge, B., O. Kuhn, T. Adatte, P. Steinmann, and K. Follmi. 2003. Decoupling of P- And Corg-burial following Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) platform drowning along the NW Tethyan margin. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 199:315-331. 2003 Global GIS & Maps Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vargas-Angel, B. 2003. Coral community structure off the Pacific coast of Colombia: Onshore vs offshore coral reefs. Atoll Research Bulletin 21-Jan. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Turf Algae
Ziegler, A. M., G. Eshel, P. McAllister Rees, T. A. Rothfus, D. B. Rowley, and D. Sunderlin. 2003. Tracing the tropics across land and sea: Permian to present. Lethaia 36:227-254. 2003 Review; Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Carruthers, T. J. B., W. C. Dennison, B. J. Longstaff, M. Waycott, E. G. Abal, L. J. McKenzie, and W. J. Lee Long. 2002. Seagrass habitats of northeast Australia: Models of key processes and controls. Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1153-1169. 2002 Australia Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dupraz, C. and A. Strasser. 2002. Nutritional modes in coral-microbialite reefs (Jurassic, Oxfordian, Switzerland): Evolution of trophic structure as a response to environmental change. Palaios 17:449-471. 2002 Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Edinger, E. N., P. Copper, M. J. Risk, and W. Atmojo. 2002. Oceanography and reefs of recent and Paleozoic tropical epeiric seas. Facies 127-150. 2002 Java Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fallon, S. J., J. C. White, and M. T. McCulloch. 2002. Porites corals as recorders of mining and environmental impacts: Misima Island, Papua New Guinea. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66:45-62. 2002 Papua New Guinea Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral
Guzman, H. M. and C. A. Guevara. 2002. Annual reproductive cycle, spatial distribution, abundance, and size structure of Oreaster reticulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Marine Biology 141:1077-1084. 2002 Panama Index or Indicator Aquarium & Pet Trade; Echinoderms; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Souvenir & Decorative Trade
Guzman, H. M. and E. M. Garcia. 2002. Mercury levels in coral reefs along the Caribbean coast of Central America. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1415-1420. 2002 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Toxics
Heron, M. L., D. M. Burrage, and A. Prytz. 2002. Terrigenous runoff in the tropics observed with a scanning low frequency radiometer. Pages 2008-2013 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2002 Australia GIS & Maps Agriculture; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Lough, J. M., D. J. Barnes, and F. A. McAllister. 2002. Luminescent lines in corals from the Great Barrier Reef provide spatial and temporal records of reefs affected by land runoff. Coral Reefs 21:333-343. 2002 Australia Model Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
McClanahan, T. R. 2002. The near future of coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 29:460-483. 2002 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Morrison-Gardiner, S. 2002. Dominant fungi from Australian coral reefs. Fungal Diversity 9:105-121. 2002 Australia Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Substrate
Nyberg, J. 2002. Luminescence intensity in coral skeletons from Mona Island in the Caribbean sea and its Link to precipitation and wind speed. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 360:749-766. 2002 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Poff, N. L., M. M. Brinson, and J. W. Day. 2002. Aquatic ecosystems & global climate change. 2002 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Fish; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Precht, W. F., A. W. Bruckner, R. B. Aronson, and R. J. Bruckner. 2002. Endangered acroporid corals of the Caribbean. Coral Reefs 21:41-42. 2002 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Caribbean Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Renken, R. A., W. C. Ward, I. P. Gill, F. Gomez-Gomez, and J. Rodriguez-Martinez. 2002. Geology and hydrogeology of the Caribbean Islands aquifer system of the commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1-139. 2002 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Climate; Discharges; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Rushton, B. 2002. Treatment of Storm water Runoff from an Agricultural Basin by a Wet-Detention Pond in Ruskin, Florida, Final Report, Southwest Florida Management District. 2002 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Strecker, Eric W.; Quigley, Marcus M.; Urbonas, Ben. 2002. How Well Do BMPs Work? A Guidance Manual for Meeting the National Stormwater BMP Database Requirements and an Update on BMP Effectiveness. Pages 172-188 in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Turgeon, D. D., R. G. Asch, B. D. Causey, R. E. Dodge, W. Jaap, K. Banks, J. Delaney, B. D. Keller, R. Speiler, C. A. Matos, J. R. Garcia, E. Diaz, D. Catanzaro, C. S. Rogers, Z. Hillis-Starr, R. Nemeth, M. Taylor, G. P. Schmahl, M. W. Miller, D. A. Gulko, J. E. Maragos, A. M. Friedlander, C. L. Hunter, R. S. Brainard, P. Craig, R. H. Richond, G. Davis, J. Starmer, M. Trianni, P. Houk, C. E. Birkeland, A. Edward, Y. Golbuu, J. Gutierrez, N. Idechong, G. Paulay, A. Tafileichig, and N. V. Velde. 2002. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2002. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD. 2002 Global; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; Guam Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Board, M.S. 2001. Vortechnics Treatment of Parking Lot Runoff, Thesis. 2001 Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff
Brodie, J., C. Christie, M. Devlin, D. Haynes, S. Morris, M. Ramsay, J. Waterhouse, and H. Yorkston. 2001. Catchment management and the Great Barrier Reef. Water Science and Technology 43:203-211. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Chaston, K.A.V. 2001. Sediment Nutrient Bioavailability in a Sub-tropical Catchment Dominated by Agriculture: The transition from Land to Sea. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland. 2001 Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Done, T. J. 2001. Useful science for coral reef management: The cooperative research centre model. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:309-315. 2001 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Ballast Discharge; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Seastars; Special Use Permitting; Wastewater Discharge
Fursich, F. T., R. Berndt, T. Scheuer, and M. Gahr. 2001. Comparative ecological analysis of Toarcian (Lower Jurassic)benthic faunas from southern France and east-central Spain. Lethaia 34:169-202. 2001 Spain; France Bivalves; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Ginsburg, R. N., E. Gischler, and W. E. Kiene. 2001. Partial mortality of massive reef-building corals: An index of patch reef condition, Florida Reef Tract. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:1149-1173. 2001 Florida Index or Indicator Boating Activities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
James, N. P., G. M. Narbonne, and T. K. Kyser. 2001. Late Neoproterozoic cap carbonates: Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada: Precipitation and global glacial meltdown. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38:1229-1262. 2001 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
MacDonald, L. H., R. W. Sampson, and D. M. Anderson. 2001. Runoff and road erosion at the plot and road segment scales, St John, US Virgin Islands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 26:251-272. 2001 US Virgin Islands Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Transportation Policies
McCook, L. J. 2001. Competition between corals and algal turfs along a gradient of terrestrial influence in the nearshore central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 19:419-425. 2001 Australia Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Mitchell, A. W., J. R. Reghenzani, and M. J. Furnas. 2001. Nitrogen levels in the Tully River - A long-term view. Water Science and Technology 43:99-105. 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Morelock, J., W. R. Ram�rez, A. W. Bruckner, and M. Carlo. 2001. Status of coral reefs southwest Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science pp.57. 2001 Puerto Rico Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Obura, D. O. 2001. Kenya. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1264-1278. 2001 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Pache, M., J. Reitner, and G. Arp. 2001. Geochemical evidence for the formation of a large miocene \Travertine\" mound at a sublacustrine spring in a soda lake (Wellerstein Castle Rock, Nordlinger Ries, Germany)". Facies 211-230. 2001 Germany CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pedersen, M. and P. Snoeijs. 2001. Patterns of macroalgal diversity, community composition and long-term changes along the swedish west coast. Hydrobiologia 459:83-102. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Nonpoint Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Urbonas, B. and Doerfer, J. 2001. �Testing of an Underground Stormwater Treatment Vault in Denver, Colorado, USA�, Innovative Technologies in Urban Drainage, Proceedings 4th International Conference � Novatech 2001, Lyon, France. 2001 France Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
West, T, Sutherland, J., Bloomfield, J., Lake, D. 2001. Final Report, A Study of the Effectiveness of a Vortechs Stormwater Treatment System of Removal of Total Suspended Solids and Other Pollutants in the Marine Village Watershed, Village of Lake George, New York. 2001 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zinke, J., J. J. G. Reijmer, and B. A. Thomassin. 2001. Seismic architecture and sediment distribution within the Holocene barrier reef-lagoon complex of Mayotte (Comoro archipelago, SW Indian Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:343-368. 2001 Indian Ocean; Mayotte; India Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Adjeroud, M. 2000. Zonation of macrobenthic communities along two bays in an insular coral reef ecosystem (Moorea, French Polynesia) [Zonation des communautes macrobenthiques le long de deux baies d'un ecosysteme corallien insulaire (Moorea, Polynesie francaise)]. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie III 323:305-313. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cavanagh, J. E., K. A. Burns, G. J. Brunskill, D. A. J. Ryan, and J. T. Ahokas. 2000. Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 1A in Pikey Bream (Acanthopagrus berda) collected from agricultural and urban catchments in Far North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:377-384. 2000 Australia Index or Indicator Agriculture; Boating Activities; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Comings, K.J., Booth, D.B., and R.R. Horner. 2000. Storm Water Pollutant Removal by Two Wet Ponds in Bellevue, Washington, April. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2000 Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cotsapas, L., S. A. Zengel, and E. J. Barraza. 2000. El Salvador. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 545-558. 2000 Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. 2000 Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Frouin, P. 2000. Effects of anthropogenic disturbances of tropical soft-bottom benthic communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194:39-53. 2000 Marine Worms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Harborne, A. R., M. D. McField, and E. K. Delaney. 2000. Belize. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 501-516. 2000 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Hardman-Mountford, N. J., K. A. Koranteng, and A. R. G. Price. 2000. The Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 773-796. 2000 Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Haynes, D. and J. E. Johnson. 2000. Organochlorine, heavy metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutant concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:267-278. 2000 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Jeng, W.-L., C.-F. Dai, and K.-L. Fan. 2000. Taiwan Strait. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 499-512. 2000 China; Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Martin, C. E., B. Peucker-Ehrenbrink, G. J. Brunskill, and R. Szymczak. 2000. Sources and sinks of unradiogenic osmium runoff from Papua New Guinea. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 183:261-274. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Medeiros, C., M. O. Bezerra, and J. J. Martinez-Benjamin. 2000. Coastal changes and the role of mangrove and morphological features on the dynamics and productivity of the NE-Brazilian oceanic waters. European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP 1134-1138. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nhan, D. D., N. X. Duc, D. H. Duong, N. T. Tiep, and B. C. Que. 2000. Vietnam and adjacent Bien Dong (South China Sea). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 561-568. 2000 China; Vietnam Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity
Pollnac, R. B., J. W. McManus, A. E. Del Rosario, A. A. Banzon, S. G. Vergara, and M. L. G. Gorospe. 2000. Unexpected relationships between coral reef health and socio-economic pressures in the Philippines: Reef base/RAMP applied. Marine and Freshwater Research 51:529-533. 2000 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff
Richardson, B. J., P. K. S. Lam, and R. S. S. Wu. 2000. Hong Kong. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 535-547. 2000 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Vazquez, F., R. Rangel, A. M. Quintero-Marmol, J. Fernandez, E. Aguayo, A. Palacio, and V. K. Sharma. 2000. Southern Gulf of Mexico. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 467-482. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Vierros, M. 2000. Jamaica. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 559-574. 2000 Jamaica Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Wei, G., M. Sun, X. Li, and B. Nie. 2000. Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and U/Ca ratios of a porites coral from Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, South China Sea and their relationships to sea surface temperature. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162:59-74. 2000 China Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Wolanski, E. and S. Spagnol. 2000. Pollution by mud of Great Barrier Reef coastal waters. Journal of Coastal Research 16:1151-1156. 2000 Florida; Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Zann, L. P. 2000. Northeastern Australia: The Great Barrier Reef region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 611-628. 2000 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Australian Region: An overview. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 579-592. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Sediment
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Eastern Australian Region: A dynamic tropical/temperate biotone. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:188-203. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
�1) Yu, S.; Earles, T.A., and G. Fitch [1998] ; 2) Earles, T.A. [1999]. 1999. 1) Constructed Wetlands for Stormwater Management.� Final Report, Virginia Transportation Research Council (VTRC)�99-R14 and 2) Earles, T. A.� 1999.� Mitigated Wetlands for the Control of Stormwater Runoff:� Monitoring and Management.� Dissertation, Unive. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
1999. Internal storm summary monitoring reports; also see Annual Compliance Report No. 4, Fourth Stormwater Monitoring Report, Fiscal Year 1998-1999, Prepared for Oregon Dept. of Env. Quality. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Anderson, C. and M. Roche. 1999. Transporting the minerals industry into the next century: Environmental challenges at the Port of Townsville. Pages 252-268 in Mining into the next century : environmental opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 24th annual environmental workshop. Townsville, October 1999. 1999 Australia Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Boyer, J. N., J. W. Fourqurean, and R. D. Jones. 1999. Seasonal and Long-term Trends in the Water Quality of Florida Bay (1989-1997). Estuaries 22:417-430. 1999 Florida Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow
Camoin, G. F., P. Gautret, L. F. Montaggioni, and G. Cabioch. 1999. Nature and environmental significance of microbialites in Quaternary reefs: The Tahiti paradox. Sedimentary Geology 126:271-304. 1999 Algae; Coralline Algae; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cavanagh, J. E., K. A. Burns, G. J. Brunskill, and R. J. Coventry. 1999. Organochlorine pesticide residues in soils and sediments of the Herbert and Burdekin River Regions, North Queensland - Implications for contamination of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 39:367-375. 1999 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chandrasena, N. and R. Sim. 1999. Managing entrenched weed problems in botany wetlands - An urban stormwater basin in Sydney. Pages 313-319 in Water Supply. 1999 Chemical Use Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation; Water; Wetlands
Corsi, S.R., Breb, S.R., R.T. Bannerman and R.e. Pitt. 1999. Evaluation of the Multi-chambered Treatment Train, a Retrofit Water Quality Management Practice, USGS Open File Report 99-270, Middleton, WI. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dupraz, C. and A. Strasser. 1999. Microbialites and micro-encrusters in shallow coral bioherms (Middle to Late Oxfordian, Swiss Jura Mountains). Facies 101-130. 1999 Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dustan, P. 1999. Coral reefs under stress: Sources of mortality in the Florida keys. Natural Resources Forum 23:147-155. 1999 Global; Florida Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
Gast, G. J., P. J. Jonkers, F. C. Van Duyl, and R. P. M. Bak. 1999. Bacteria, flagellates and nutrients in island fringing coral reef waters: Influence of the ocean, the reef and eutrophication. Bulletin of Marine Science 65:523-538. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Discharges; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Gawel, M. J. 1999. Protection of marine benthic habitats in the Pacific islands. A case study of Guam. Oceanologica Acta 22:721-726. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Lab Study Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Seastars; Sediment; Small Boats; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Hawaii Institute of Marine, BI OL OG Y. 1999. Kaneohe Bay monitoring project from the University of Hawaii. Kaneohe Bay monitoring project from the University of Hawaii. 1999 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Remote Sensing Light; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Leif, Bill. 1999. Compost Stormwater Filter Evaluation, Final Report. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Letourneur, Y., P. Labrosse, and M. Kulbicki. 1999. Commercial fish assemblages on New Caledonian fringing reefs submitted to different levels of ground erosion. Oceanologica Acta 22:609-622. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; New Caledonia Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate
McCook, L. J. 1999. Macroalgae, nutrients and phase shifts on coral reefs: Scientific issues and management consequences for the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 18:357-367. 1999 Australia Review; Index or Indicator Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Shoreline Protection
Pandolfi, J. M. 1999. Response of pleistocene coral reefs to environmental change over long temporal scales. American Zoologist 39:113-130. 1999 Global; South & Central America; Papua New Guinea; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Purdy, E. G. and D. Waltham. 1999. Reservoir implications of modern karst topography. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 83:1774-1794. 1999 Jamaica; China; Java Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Russ, G. R. and L. J. McCook. 1999. Potential effects of a cyclone on benthic algal production and yield to grazers on coral reefs across the central Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 235:237-254. 1999 Australia Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sanchez, J. A. 1999. Black coral-octocoral distribution patterns on imelda bank, a deep-water reef, Colombia, Caribbean sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 65:215-225. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Octocoral; Plankton; Stony Coral
Schaffelke, B. 1999. Short-term nutrient pulses as tools to assess responses of coral reef macroalgae to enhanced nutrient availability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 182:305-310. 1999 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sierro, F. J., J. A. Flores, I. Zamarreno, A. Vazquez, R. Utrilla, G. Frances, F. J. Hilgen, and W. Krijgsman. 1999. Messinian pre-evaporite sapropels and precession-induced oscillations in western Mediterranean climate. Marine Geology 153:137-146. 1999 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Urbonas, B.R. 1999. �Design of a Sand Filter for Stormwater Quality Enhancement,� Water Environment Research, Vol 71 No. 1, Washington DC. Also see the paper titled: Stormwater Sand Filter Sizing and Design - A Unit Operation Approach, Ben Urbonas, 2002 at www.udfcd.org. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Urbonas, B.R. 1999. Design of a Sand Filter for Stormwater Quality Enhancement, Vol 71 No. 1, Washington DC. Also see the paper titled: Stormwater Sand Filter Sizing and Design - A Unit Operation Approach, Ben Urbonas, 2002 at www.udfcd.org. Water Environment Research 71. 1999 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wright, J. and D. Morton. 1999. Promoting erosion control in the Virgin Islands. Pages 8-May in Investing in the protection of our environment. Proceedings of conference 30, Nashville, 1999. (International Erosion Control Association). 1999 US Virgin Islands Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies
Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley, and V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8:559-568. 1998 Review Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Done, T. 1998. Science for management of the Great Barrier Reef. Nature and Resources 34:16-29. 1998 Australia Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Elias, R. J. and G. A. Young. 1998. Coral diversity, ecology, and provincial structure during a time of crisis: The latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian Edgewood Province in Laurentia. Palaios 13:98-112. 1998 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Falcon-Lang, H. 1998. The impact of wildfire on an early carboniferous coastal environment, North Mayo, Ireland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 139:121-138. 1998 Algae; Discharges; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gibson, J., M. McField, and S. Wells. 1998. Coral reef management in Belize: An approach through integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:229-244. 1998 South & Central America; Belize Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Permitting & Zoning; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Guzman, H. M. and A. W. Tudhope. 1998. Seasonal variation in skeletal extension rate and stable isotopic (13C/12C and 18O/16O) composition in response to several environmental variables in the Caribbean reef coral Siderastrea siderea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 166:109-118. 1998 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Stony Coral
Isdale, P. J., B. J. Stewart, K. S. Tickle, and J. M. Lough. 1998. Palaeohydrological variation in a tropical river catchment: A reconstruction using fluorescent bands in corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Holocene 8:8-Jan. 1998 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kotwicki, V. and R. Allan. 1998. La Nina de Australia - Contemporary and palaeo-hydrology of Lake Eyre. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 144:265-280. 1998 Australia Model Climate; Non-point Source Runoff
Letourneur, Y., M. Kulbicki, and P. Labrosse. 1998. Spatial structure of commercial reef fish communities along a terrestrial runoff gradient in the northern lagoon of New Caledonia. Environmental Biology of Fishes 51:141-159. 1998 New Caledonia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish
Pitt, R.; Robertson, B.; and Field, R. 1998. Innovative Multi-Chambered Stormwater Control Device for Critical Source Areas. Proc. Adv. in Urban Wet Weather Pollut. Reduction , Cleveland, Ohio, WEF (CP3805), 141. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies
Schaffelke, B. and D. W. Klumpp. 1998. Nutrient-limited growth of the coral reef macroalga Sargassum baccularia and experimental growth enhancement by nutrient addition in continuous flow culture. Marine Ecology Progress Series 164:199-211. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Substrate
Schaffelke, B. and D. W. Klumpp. 1998. Short-term nutrient pulses enhance growth and photosynthesis of the coral reef macroalga Sargassum baccularia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 170:95-105. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
UMIAMI-RSMAS,. 1998. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; Mexico Model Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Marine Debris; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Point Source Discharges
Yu, S. and E. Patron. 1998. Technical Assistance Report Route 7/Goose Creek Water Quality Impact Study. 1998 Dam Construction & Maintenance; Land & Air Transportation; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bruckner, A. W., R. J. Bruckner, and E. H. Williams Jr. 1997. Spread of a black-band disease epizootic through the coral reef system in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica. Bulletin of Marine Science 61:919-928. 1997 Jamaica Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Pandey, J. S. and P. Khanna. 1997. Sensitivity analysis of a mangrove ecosystem model. Journal of Environmental Systems 26:57-72. 1997 Model Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Pitt, R., Robertson, B. Barron, P., Ayyoubi, A. and S. Clark . 1997. Stormwater Treatment At Critical Areas Vol. 1: The Multi-Chambered Treatment Train (MCTT), USEPA Cooperative Agreement No. CR 819573 . 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
White, K. and A. Meyers. 1997. Stormwater Management and Aesthetics Using Stormwater Treatment Wetlands, Aesthetics in the Constructed Environment, Houston, TX. in Proceedings of the 4th Annual ASCE Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. 1997 Golf Course Operations; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C. 1997 Global; Tanzania; Maldives; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; Southeast Asia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Germany Lab Study; GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Live Collection; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Carannante, G., A. Cherchi, and L. Simone. 1996. Chlorozoan versus foramol lithofacies in Upper Cretaceous rudist limestones. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 119:137-154. 1996 Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Kulbicki, M. 1996. First observations on the fish communities of fringing reefs in the region of Maumere (Flores - Indonesia). Atoll Research Bulletin 10-Aug. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Indonesia Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lapointe, B. E. and W. R. Matzie. 1996. Effects of stormwater nutrient discharges on eutrophication processes in nearshore waters of the Florida Keys. Estuaries 19:422-435. 1996 Florida Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge
Laws, E. A. and C. B. Allen. 1996. Water quality in a subtropical embayment more than a decade after diversion of sewage discharges. Pacific Science 50:194-210. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Martin, E.H., and Smoot, J.L. (1986) and Gain, W.S. (1996). 1996. Constituent-Load Changes in Urban Stormwater Runoff Routed Through a Detention Pond-Wetlands System in Central Florida, USGS Report 85-4310 (1986) AND The Effects of Flow-Path Modification on Water-Quality Constituent Retention in an Urban Stormwater Dete. 1996 Florida Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Shulman, M. J. and D. R. Robertson. 1996. Changes in the coral reefs of San Bias, Caribbean Panama: 1983 to 1990. Coral Reefs 15:231-236. 1996 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral
1995. GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES. United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, D.C.(USA). 1995 Global Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Wetlands
Dullo, W.-C., M. Gektidis, S. Golubic, G. A. Heiss, H. Kampmann, W. Kiene, D. K. Kroll, M. L. Kuhrau, G. Radtke, J. G. Reijmer, G. B. Reinicke, D. Schlichter, H. Schuhmacher, and K. Vogel. 1995. Factors controlling holocene reef growth: An interdisciplinary approach. Facies 32:145-188. 1995 Global; Bahamas; Egypt; Sudan; Djibouti Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Plankton; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Grigg, R. W. 1995. Coral reefs in an urban embayment in Hawaii: a complex case history controlled by natural and anthropogenic stress. Coral Reefs 14:253-266. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii Discharges; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes
Miller, R. L. and J. F. Cruise. 1995. Effects of Suspended Sediments on Coral Growth: Evidence from Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment 53:177-187. 1995 Puerto Rico Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pisano William, C., ST EV E Kiss, DA VI D Connelly, and TO M Giles. 1995. Holistic stormwater master planning for Cape Coral, Fl. Pages 137-140 in [No source information available]. 1995 Florida Finfish Harvest; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water
San Diego-McGlone, M. L., C. L. Villanoy, and P. M. Alino. 1995. Nutrient mediated stress on the marine communities of a coastal lagoon (Puerto Galera, Philippines). Marine Pollution Bulletin 31:355-366. 1995 Philippines Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton
Wolanski, E., A. Norro, and B. King. 1995. Water circulation in the Gulf of Papua. Continental Shelf Research 15:185-212. 1995 Papua New Guinea Model Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
1) Yu, S., Barnes, S., and V. Gerde [1993] and 2) Yu, S., Kaighn, R., and L. Shih-long [1994]. 1994. Final Report, Testing of Best Management Practices for Controlling Highway Runoff AND Testing of Best Management Practices for Controlling Highway Runoff, Phase II. 1994 Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bell, P. R. F. and T. Tomascik. 1994. The demise of the fringing coral reefs of Barbados and of regions in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon - impacts of eutrophication. Pages 319-325 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Byron, G. 1994. Impacts of cyclone-induced floods on fringing reefs: case study of Keppel Bay, Queensland, Australia. Pages 326-332 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ginsburg, R. N. and E. A. Shinn. 1994. Preferential distribution of reefs in the Florida reef tract: the past is the key to the present. Pages 21-26 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; Florida; Bahamas Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Hunter, C. L. and C. W. Evans. 1994. Reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: two centuries of western influence and two decades of data. Pages 339-345 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hutchings, P., C. Payri, and C. Gabrie. 1994. The current status of coral reef management in French Polynesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:26-33. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review Agriculture; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Non-point Source Runoff; Tourism & Recreation
McCulloch, M. T., M. K. Gagan, G. E. Mortimer, A. R. Chivas, and P. J. Isdale. 1994. A high-resolution Sr/Ca and δ18O coral record from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and the 1982-1983 El Nino. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58:2747-2754. 1994 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Naqvi, S. A. S. 1994. Seasonal variation in an annually-banded coral Porites: A scanning electron microscopy investigation. Marine Geology 118:187-194. 1994 Indian Ocean; India Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Pitt, R. and R. Creel. 1994. Evaluating Detention Pond Performance with Computer Modeling Verification. 1994 Model Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes
Prove, B. G., T. J. McShane, J. R. Reghenzani, J. D. Armour, S. Sen, and P. W. Moody. 1994. Nutrient loss via drainage from the major agricultural industries on the wet tropical coast of Queensland. in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1994 Australia Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Richmond, R. H. 1994. Effects of coastal runoff on coral reproduction. Pages 360-364 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. 1994 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment
Royal, J. and D. Vanderbleek. 1994. Stormwater Monitoring Program, Brevard County, FL, Final Report, Sediment Control Project Assessment for Indialantic Basin IR30 Contract 92W221 and Micco Basin M17, Contract 92W219,. Brevard County, FL. 1994 India Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thomas, P. M. E. 1994. Everglades nutrient removal project. Pages 27-Nov in Proc. conference on explosives and blasting technique, Austin Texas, 1994. 1994 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Turner, S. J. 1994. The biology and population outbreaks of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella on Indo-Pacific reefs. Pages 461-530 Oceanography and marine biology: an annual review. Vol. 32. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Marshall Islands; Philippines Review Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Snails & Conch
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastal Zone'93. Pages 2415-3512 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico GIS & Maps Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Alongi, D. M., F. Tirendi, and P. Christoffersen. 1993. Sedimentary profiles and sediment-water solute exchange of iron and manganese in reef- and river-dominated shelf regions of the Coral Sea. Continental Shelf Research 13:287-305. 1993 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Barton, C. E., M. Lackie, and F. M. Peerdeman. 1993. Environmental control of magnetic properties of upper-slope sediments near the Great Barrier Reef: results from Leg 133, Site 820. Proc., scientific results, ODP, Leg 133, northeast Australian margin 543-562. 1993 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. 1993 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Docks & Marinas; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Gabric, A. J. and P. R. F. Bell. 1993. Review of the effects of non-point nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:261-283. 1993 Review Discharges; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Remediation; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Letourneur, Y., M. Harmelin-Vivien, and R. Galzin. 1993. Impact of hurricane Firinga on fish community structure on fringing reefs of Reunion Island, S.W. Indian Ocean. Environmental Biology of Fishes 37:109-120. 1993 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes
Maul, G. A. 1993. Implications of future climate on the ecosystems and socio-economic structure in the marine and coastal regions of the intra-Americas sea. Pages 28-Mar Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 Global; South & Central America; Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Medeiros, C. and B. Kjerfve. 1993. Hydrology of a Tropical Estuarine System: Itamaraca, Brazil. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 36:495-515. 1993 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Discharges; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Wetlands
Robert Pitt and K. Dunkers. 1993. Lake Water Quality Improvements from Treatment of Stormwater Using the Flow Balancing Method, 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. Anaheim, CA. October 1993.; Detecting Water Quality Trends from Stormwater Discharge Reductions, Engineerin. in 66th Annual Water Environment Federation Conference. 1993 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Improved Technology; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level
Antonelli, P. L. and P. W. Sammarco. 1992. Allelochemic interactions on pandora reef - The great barrier reef: Stabilizing weak chaos in production. Open Systems and Information Dynamics 1:207-215. 1992 Australia Model Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Bell, P. R. F. 1992. Eutrophication and coral reefs - Some examples in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Water Research 26:553-568. 1992 Australia Index or Indicator Algae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Seastars; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Brodie, J. E. 1992. Enhancement of larval and juvenile survival and recruitment in Acanthaster planci from the effects of terrestrial runoff: a review. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:539-554. 1992 Australia Review Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seastars
Herrera, A. and J. B. C. Jackson. 1992. Environmental versus taxonomic variation in lophophore morphology of Panamanian cheilostome bryozoans. Marine Biology 112:99-106. 1992 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Risk, M. J. and T. H. Pearce. 1992. Interference imaging of daily growth bands in massive corals. Nature 358:572-573. 1992 Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bell, P. R. F. 1991. Status of eutrophication in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:89-93. 1991 Australia Review Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kinsey, D. W. and D. Hopley. 1991. The significance of coral reefs as global carbon sinks- response to Greenhouse. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 89:363-377. 1991 Global; Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes
Kotwicki, V. and P. Isdale. 1991. Hydrology of Lake Eyre, Australia: El Nino link. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 84:87-98. 1991 Australia Model Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Muzik, K. 1991. Coral grief. Technology Review 94:60-67. 1991 Global Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sea Temperatures; Tourism & Recreation
Paw, J. N. and T.-E. Chua. 1991. Managing coastal resources in Cilacap, Indonesia, and Lingayen Gulf, Philippines - an ASEAN initiative. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:779-783. 1991 Java; Indonesia; Philippines Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Susic, M., K. Boto, and P. Isdale. 1991. Fluorescent humic acid bands in coral skeletons originate from terrestrial runoff. Marine Chemistry 33:91-104. 1991 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alongi, D. M. 1990. Effect of mangrove detrital outwelling on nutrient regeneration and oxygen fluxes in coastal sediments of the central Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 31:581-598. 1990 Australia; Cuba Lab Study Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment
Klein, R., Y. Loya, G. Gvirtzman, P. J. Isdale, and M. Susic. 1990. Seasonal rainfall in the Sinai Desert during the late Quaternary inferred from fluorescent bands in fossil corals. Nature 345:145-147. 1990 Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Reichelt, R. E., W. Greve, R. H. Bradbury, and P. J. Moran. 1990. Acanthaster planci outbreak initiation: A starfish-coral site model. Ecological Modelling 49:153-177. 1990 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Non-point Source Runoff; Seastars; Stony Coral
Schroder-Adams, C. J., P. J. Mudie, F. E. Cole, and F. S. Medioli. 1990. Late Holocene benthic formainifera beneath perennial sea ice on an Arctic continental shelf. Marine Geology 93:225-242. 1990 US Pacific & Hawaii Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sponges
Vora, K. H. and F. Almeida. 1990. Submerged reef systems on the central western continental shelf of India. Marine Geology 91:255-262. 1990 India Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Water Depth & Sea Level
Woolhiser, D. A., R. E. Smith, and D. C. Goodrich. 1990. KINEROS, A kinematic runoff and erosion model: Documentation and user manual. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, ARS-77. 1990 Model Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Zann, L., J. Brodie, and V. Vuki. 1990. History and dynamics of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci (L.) in the Suva area, Fiji. Coral Reefs 9:135-144. 1990 Fiji Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seastars
Bell, P. R. F., P. F. Greenfield, D. Hawker, and D. Connell. 1989. The impact of waste discharges on coral reef regions. Water Science and Technology 21:121-130. 1989 Discharges; Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Tourism & Recreation
Esry, D.H., and D.J. Cairns. 1989. Overview of the Lake Jackson Restoration Project with Artificially Created Wetlands for Treatment of Urban Runoff. p. 247-257 m: D.W. Fisk (ed.), Wetlands, Concerns and Successes. Proceedings, American Water Resources Association. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Maristany, A.E. and Bartel, R.L. 1989. �Wetlands and Stormwater Management: A Case Study of Lake Munson, Part I: Long-Term Treatment Efficiencies�, in: Fisk, D.W. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Symposium on Wetlands: Concerns and Successes, AWRA, Tampa, FL, pp. 215-229 (1989). 1989 Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Matson, E. A. 1989. Biogeochemistry of Mariana Islands coastal sediments: terrestrial influence on /gd13, Ash, CaCO3, Al, Fe, Si and P. Coral Reefs 7:153-160. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Guam Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Sediment
Meiorin, E.C. 1989. �Urban Runoff Treatment in a Fresh/Brackish Water Marsh in Fremont, California�, in: Hammer, D.A. (Ed.) Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, pp. 677-685. 1989 Agriculture; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Phillips, JD. 1989. An evaluation of the factors determining the effectiveness of water quality buffer zones., J. HYDROL. (AMST.)., vol. 107, no. 1-4, pp. 133-145, 1989. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Purdy, C. B., E. R. M. Druffel, and L. Hugh D. 1989. Anomalous levels of 90Sr and 239,240Pu in Florida corals: Evidence of coastal processes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53:1401-1410. 1989 Florida; Bermuda Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ramsay, P. J., J. A. G. Cooper, C. I. Wright, and T. R. Mason. 1989. The occurrence and formation of ladderback ripples in subtidal, shallow-marine sands, Zululand, South Africa. Marine Geology 86:229-235. 1989 South Africa Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
D'Aluisio-Guerrieri, G. M. and R. A. Davis Jr. 1988. Infilling of coastal lagoons by terrigenous siliciclastic and marine carbonate sediments: Vieques, Puerto Rico. Pages 207-230 Carbonate-clastic transitions. 1988 Puerto Rico Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hallock, P. 1988. The role of nutrient availability in bioerosion: Consequences to carbonate buildups. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 63:275-291. 1988 Oman Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fleshy Macroalgae; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment
Hopley, D. 1988. Anthropogenic influences on Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Australian Geographer 19:26-45. 1988 Global; Australia Non-point Source Runoff
Oberts, G; Osgood, R. 1988. The effectiveness of a detention/wetland treatment system and its effect on an urban lake., 8. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LAKE AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT., 1988., p. 29. 1988 Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Pitt, R. and R. Field. 1988. An Evaluation of Storm Drainage Inlet Devices for Stormwater Quality Treatment, Water Environment Federation Technical Exposition and Conference, Orlando, FL, 1998. 1988 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sandstrom, M. W. 1988. Aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the North Queensland coast and Great Barrier Reef: Effects of tropical cyclone Winifred. Organic Geochemistry 12:445-454. 1988 Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cox, J., McCarron, K. and E. McCarron. 1987. Interim Report, Pre-Construction Stormwater Quality Assessment, Twin Towers Project. 1987 Florida Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Craik, W. and I. Dutton. 1987. Assessing the effects of sediment discharge on the Cape Tribulation fringing coral reefs. Coastal Management 15:213-228. 1987 Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Gagan, M. K., M. W. Sandstrom, and A. R. Chivas. 1987. Restricted terrestrial carbon input to the continental shelf during Cyclone Winifred: implications for terrestrial runoff to the Great Barrier Reef Province. Coral Reefs 6:113-119. 1987 Australia Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hutchings, P. A. and B. L. Wu. 1987. Coral reefs of Hainan Island, South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 18:25-26. 1987 China Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Sea Urchins; Skeletal Coral
Ogden John, C. and MA RC Steyaert. 1987. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (Caricomp): A Regional Laboratory Network. Pages 2793-2801 in [No source information available]. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses
Russell Gary, M., MA RK Stewart, and L. Higer Aaron. 1987. Examples Of Landfill-Generated Plumes In Low-Relief Areas, Southeast Florida. Water Resources Bulletin 23:863-866. 1987 Florida Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Non-point Source Runoff; Solid Waste Disposal
Striegl, R.G.; Cowan, E.A. 1987. Relations Between Quality of Urban Runoff and Quality of Lake Ellyn at Glen Ellyn, Illinois. Available from Books and Open-File Reports Section, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Supply Paper 2301, 1987. 59p, 27 fig, 20 tab, 60 ref. 1987 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Welborn, C.T.; Veenhuis, J.E. 1987. Effects of Runoff Controls on the Quantity and Quality of Urban Runoff at Two Locations in Austin, Texas, Available from OFSS, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4004, 1987. 101p, 51 fig, 14 tab, 13 ref. 1987 Discharges; Housing; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Welborn, C.T.; Veenhuis, J.E. 1987. Effects of Runoff Controls on the Quantity and Quality of Urban Runoff at Two Locations in Austin, Texas., Available from OFSS, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4004, 1987. 101p, 51 fig, 14 tab, 13 ref. 1987 Discharges; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Yousef, YA; Hvitved-Jacobsen, T; Wanielista, MP; Harper, HH; Hamilton, RS; Harrison, RM. (eds). 1987. Removal of contaminants in highway runoff flowing through swales, SPECIAL ISSUE: HIGHWAY POLLUTION. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM, 7-11 JULY 1986., 1987., pp. 391-399, SCI. TOTAL ENVIRON., vol. 59. 1987 Florida; United Kingdom Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fries, B.M. 1986. Fate of Phosphorus from Residential Stormwater Runoff in a Southern Hardwood Wetland, Thesis, Master of Science in Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL. 1986 Florida Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Prych, E.A.; Ebbert, J.C. 1986. Quantity and Quality of Storm Runoff from Three Urban Catchments in Bellevue, Washington, Available from Books and Open File Report Section, USGS, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4000, 1986. 85p, 14 fig, 34 tab,. 1986 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Binet, D. 1985. Essai d'utilisation de la diversite specifique dans l'analyse des communautes de copepodes planctoniques du lagon de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Marine Biology 88:85-99. 1985 New Caledonia Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Borgne, R. L., Y. Dandonneau, and L. Lemasson. 1985. The problem of the island mass effect on chlorophyll and zooplankton standing crops around Mare ( Loyalty Islands) and New Caledonia. Bulletin of Marine Science 37:450-459. 1985 New Caledonia Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton
Aldridge, B. N. and J. H. Eychaner. 1984. Floods Of October 1977 In Southern Arizona And March 1978 In Central Arizona. US Geological Survey Water Supply Paper. 1984 South & Central America; Mexico Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water
Isdale, P. 1984. Fluorescent bands in massive corals record centuries of coastal rainfall. Nature 310:578-579. 1984 Australia Agriculture; Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral
Sammarco, P. W. and H. Crenshaw. 1984. Plankton community dynamics of the central Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: Analysis of data from Ikeda et al. Marine Biology 82:167-180. 1984 Australia Algae; Discharges; Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Non-point Source Runoff; Octocoral; Plankton; Salinity; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Siddiquie, H. N., A. R. Gujar, N. H. Hashimi, and A. B. Valsangkar. 1984. Superficial mineral resources of the Indian Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:763-812. 1984 Indian Ocean; India; South Africa Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bannerman, R.; Baun, K.; Bohn, M.; Hughes, P.; Graczyk, D. 1983. Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Evaluation of Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution Management in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. Volume 2. Feasibility and Application of Urban Nonpoint Source Pollution. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Goforth, GF; Diniz, EV; Rauhut, JB. 1983. Stormwater hydrological characteristics of porous and conventional paving systems., NTIS, SPRINGFIELD, VA (USA), 1983., 302 pp. 1983 Review Impervious Surfaces; Littering; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development, Div. of Environmental Management. 1983. Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Winston-Salem, North Carolina: An Evaluation of Street Sweeping as a Runoff Pollution Control. Final rept. Sep 79-Oct 83. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Siddiquie, H. N., A. R. Gujar, N. H. Hashimi, and A. B. Valsangkar. 1983. SUPERFICIAL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE INDIAN OCEAN. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:763-812. 1983 Indian Ocean; India Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hollett, K. J. and R. Moberly. 1982. Sedimentation, dredging, and spoil disposal in a subtropical estuarine lagoon. Environmental Geology 4:31-42. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Military; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Michael L. Terstriep, G. Michael Bender, Douglas C. Noel. 1982. NATIONWIDE URBAN RUNOFF PROJECT, CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MUNICIPAL STREET SWEEPING IN THE CONTROL OF URBAN STORM RUNOFF POLLUTION, State Water Survey Division, SURFACE WATER SECTION, AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, SWS Contr. 1982 Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Walker, T. A. 1982. Lack of evidence for evaporation-driven circulation in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33:717-722. 1982 Australia Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity
Sander, F. 1981. A preliminary assessment of the main causative mechanisms of the \island mass\" effect of Barbados". Marine Biology 64:199-205. 1981 Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity
Kuberski, T. 1980. Cholera on Nauru. Possible non-point source transmission. Medical Journal of Australia 2:563-564. 1980 US Pacific & Hawaii Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges
Frasier, G. W., K. R. Cooley, and J. R. Griggs. 1979. Performance evaluation of water harvesting catchments. Journal of Range Management 32:453-456. 1979 Field Study & Monitoring Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff
Bartram Paul, D. and L. Dugan Gordon. 1978. Sediment Movement In A Small Humid Watershed. Pages 654-661 in [No source information available]. 1978 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Weiss, M. P., D. A. Goddard, and X. Picard. 1978. Marine geology of reefs and inner shelf, Chichiriviche, Estado Falcon, Venezuela. Marine Geology 28:211-244. 1978 Venezuela Algae; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dugan, G. L. and R. H. F. Young. 1973. Effects of coastal water disposal in Hawaii. Pages 691-701 in J.ENVIRONM.ENGN DIV.PROC.ASCE. 1973 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment
Herrara Consultants, Inc. Issaquah Stormwater Treatment Continuous Deflective Separation, Performance Monitoring Report, Prepared for City of Issaquah. Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lewis, S. E., J. E. Brodie, Z. T. Bainbridge, K. W. Rohde, A. M. Davis, B. L. Masters, M. Maughan, M. J. Devlin, J. F. Mueller, and B. Schaffelke. Herbicides: A new threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Pollution Australia Agriculture; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin Australia Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
W.F Hunt, J.M Hathaway, R.J Winston, S.J. Jadlocki. Runoff Volume Reduction by a Level Spreader - Vegetated Filter Strip System in Suburban Charlotte, NC. Field Study & Monitoring Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Grazing Land Management This management option protects range, pasture and other types of grazing lands for agricultural animals. Special actions should be taken to protect sensitive areas such as streams, wetlands and estuaries if livestock is to have access to these areas. Grazing management practices can be categorized into four types, vegetative stabilization, grazing management systems, access limitations and alternative water supplies. Vegetative stabilization involves reestablishing the vegetative cover on ranges after it has been removed by grazing to reduce erosion rates. Grazing management systems typically reduce the time livestock spend in each pasture to increase the quantity and quality of vegetation in those pastures. Grazing frequency, timing, duration, area allocation, and livestock distribution kind, class, distribution and stocking rates should all be considered in the management system to ensure adequate pasture rehabilitation. Access limitations, such as fencing and stream crossings are used to herd and control livestock movement. Physical disturbance from livestock can increase erosion, so crossings and watering access points should be hardened. Alternative water supplies are an alternative to more sensitive water sources that may be vulnerable to erosion and discharges from grazing areas. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Change Agricultural Cover Crop Practices Cover crop outreach entails changing agricultural practices in an area to leave vegetation and cover on the soil while growing other crops (e.g. Coffee). Agricultural practices that encourage leaving soil bare are extremely susceptible to erosion (e.g. sun grown Coffee). Cover crop methods and shade-grown crops (e.g. shade-grown Coffee) would reduce the large amount of sediment that is eroding, particularly from high elevations, and ultimately will reduce the amount of sediment that reaches the coral reefs. Options to encourage transition to cover crop practices include outreach to raise awareness of benefits and cost share programs to help farmers with the burden of the extra expense. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Conservation Cover. CODE 327. US Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Donations; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Responses; Sediment
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Composting Composting involves the controlled aerobic decomposition of manure or other organic material by micro-organisms into a biologically stable organic material that is suitable for use as a soil supplement. Composting should be part of nutrient management plans because it reduces the pollution potential of organic wastes. Smaller scale household composting may reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream, where again it may have greater pollution potential. Larger volumes of material may require construction of containment facilities to ensure pollutants aren't able to enter runoff water in high concentrations. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Landscaping & Household Services; Littering; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Contour Farming Contour Farming involves sloping land in such a way that field preparation, planting and cultivating are done on the contour. This includes following established grades of terraces or diversions. During heavy rains the crop rows formed slow water runoff reducing erosion and water runoff of non-point source pollutants such as agricultural herbicides and fertilizers. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Fertilizer Application Management This agricultural best management practice involves the development, implementation and periodic update of nutrient management plans. Nutrient management plans are used to efficiently apply nutrients at appropriate rates so as to still achieve desired crop yields. There are several important measures and considerations that must be taken before developing the nutrient plan. Farm and field maps, yield expectations, nutrient resources, and geologic field limitations are all important. Some crops fix nitrogen, such as legumes, and have a nitrogen credit that must be factored. Field limitations include shallow aquifers, nearby surface water, sinkholes, and highly erodible soils. If the nutrients to be applied aren�t commercial they must be assessed to determine the nutrient value and the rate of availability of the nutrients. The nutrient plan�s timing and application methods should use the limiting nutrient concept and avoid applications to frozen soil and during periods of leaching or runoff. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Jokela, Bill, Peter Kleinman, John Peters, and Ann Wolf,. 2011. Manure Spreader Calibration & Manure Testing.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Waterborne Discharges
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Pond Sealing Waste treatment ponds and pits are useful methods of treatment, but premature seepage from these storage impoundments would also have negative impacts. Bentonite Liner Treatment, Compacted Clay Treatment, Flexible membrane, and Soil Dispersant Treatment are all options for sealing treatment impoundments, depending on the specific soil suitability and other criteria. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Livestock Waste Storage and Utilization Confined animal facilities often produce large amounts of animal waste. This waste can be stored and disposed of in a variety of ways, and it is important to consider how rainwater may carry these wastes in groundwater. Wastes can be kept in temporary storage ponds, storage structures, or treatment lagoons. Once composted, these wastes may be applied to agricultural land in an environmentally acceptable manner in place of other fertilizers. Site selection, timing of application and rate of application must be properly managed to reduce the potential for degradation of ground water. Additionally, this practice may increase microbial action in the soil surface, which helps keep pesticides and other pollutants in place. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Waterborne Discharges
Data Management & Decision Tools: Research and Model Causal Linkage Between Pollutants and Ecological Impact This involves conducting research to identify and document causal linkages between discharge water pollutants and specific, quantifiable ecological problems. The natural environment naturally assimilates some pollutants, but has thresholds for this type of contaminant processing. Different hydrology, biology and spatial/temporal factors are all going to play a roll in the linkage between pollutants and ecological problems, meaning modeling and risk assessment can be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Sewage Treatment; Stormwater Management; Sunscreen Use; Supporting Services; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Forestry Policy: Forestry Management Planning There are many aspects to properly managing forestry sites to reduce point source and non-point source pollutants. Forestry activities can degrade water quality with several types of pollutants and impacts, including: sediment, nutrients, forest chemicals like pesticides, organic debris from tree litter, increased water temperature and increased streamflow. The Forestry management plan and practices include, but are not limited to: pre-harvest planning, road construction and use, prescribed burning and fire management, brush management, timber harvest, regeneration, and application of forest chemicals. Wetlands Forest Management has additional best practices. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Biological Harvest; Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Forestry Policy: Forestry Streamside Management Areas There are often surface waters, such as streams and lakes, within forestry areas that require special protection. This management option involves establishing and maintaining management areas (35 to 50 feet) around these surface waters to buffer against changes in temperature, increases in sediments and nutrients, and to provide bank stability. Canopy species in these areas also provide woody debris needed for instream channel structure and aquatic species habitat. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Landuse Management: Temporary Road Planning and Construction This management option involves minimizing sediment discharges from forestry and other temporary roads through their planning and construction. Since these roads are seasonal or temporary, less time and effort is normally invested in construction. Road construction has four main phases, clearing, leveling, construction and surfacing. Construction timing should be targeted to avoid sensitive spawning periods and during low stream flow at water passes. Road surface drainage shaping requires proper moisture content, surfacing, and grading. Drainage should be installed to reduce the volume and velocity of runoff water passing over sensitive areas. Methods for road surface drainage include: broad-based dip construction, pole culverts, ditch relief culverts, road outsloping and grading, ditch and turnout construction. Roadway runoff should be prevented from flowing directly into watercourses by using turnouts, wing ditches and dips. Brush barriers, silt fences, riprap and filter strips can be used to trap sediment in runoff water. Where roads cross streams it is important to guard against erosion, as such erosion may necessitate road repairs. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Landuse Management: Mine Reclamation Lands disturbed by mining must be reclaimed to their Approximate Original Contour (AOC). Mine operators must backfill, compact, and grade in order to restore the AOC of the land with all highwalls, spoil piles, and depressions eliminated. Spoil material is prone to erosion, and may carry various disturbed toxics into groundwater if not properly managed. Temporary roads and impervious surfaces may have also been constructed for mining purposes. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC.

Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Valuation; Waterborne Discharges
Landuse Management: Household Landscaping Best Management Practices Homeowners manipulate the visible features of the land surrounding their home through landscaping. This includes flora, fauna, and terrain. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for landscaping include selection of indigenous flora and fauna, landscape irrigation (sprinkler systems etc), stormwater runoff BMPs, reducing water use, integrated pest management, composting, and incorporation of permeable surfaces. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Addition; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Impervious Surfaces; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shelter; Supplemental Feeding; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Researching Other Pollutants and Water Quality Issues: Estimate other pollutant loadings This activity involves documenting the locations and magnitude of pollution impact other than wastewater. Sources can be from inside and outside of the Sanctuary. Pollutants can include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides. Water Quality standards (#22) Waste water (#21) NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pressures; Responses; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Landslide Treatments This management option is exercised to prevent down slope movement of earthen materials, including natural soils, and spoil/waste from mining or forestry activities. Extreme caution and planning must be exercised before permitting any personnel, equipment or other machinery into the slide area. An experienced engineer should analyze the stability of the site both before and after alterations are made to evaluate stability. Water Control: sources of water that enter the area can be controlled to keep the material dry, as it is typically more stable when dry. Loading Control: where appropriate, consider removing excess material from upper portions of the slide area to reduce slide mass. Slope Reduction: where practice, use grading to reduce the slope of the slide area. Increasing Internal Strength: consider the impact of removing and recompacting of material at designed levels of moisture and with biotechnical slope stabilization practices. External Restraints: external restraints can be used where slope movements must be limited due to surrounding valued improvements (e.g. structures), where manipulation of the material may not achieve desired improvements. External restraints must be designed to prevent overturning, sliding at or below the base, and bearing failure of the foundation. Vegetative Treatment: deep rooted grasses and shrubs with proven performance in soil bioengineering applications can be planted using selected soil bioengineering or biotechnical slope stabilization techniques appropriate to the site. Transpiration and infiltration should be considered when choosing vegetation. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Forestry; Infrastructure; Insurance; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementing engineering techniques that allow natural processes and plants to act as filters. Such techniques would include using grass parking and turf covered swales. Many of these techniques, such as reversed elevations for planted areas in parking lots, can demonstrate benefits both as natural filters and for the vegetation that are used since it eliminates the need to water them with irrigation systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Basic Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bioretention System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Constructed Wetland. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Filter Strips. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Reversed Elevations System for Parking Lots and Planting Areas. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Riparian Forest Buffer. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Roadway Landscape Treatment System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Pond Design. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Rainwater Collection Systems Creating a rainwater collection system (either through policy change or the initiative of homeowners) would help in many ways. These systems would utilize water in an efficient manner. It would reduce the pressure of water as a finite resource. Water would be collected and utilized before it reaches the ground. Once rain falls to the ground, it picks up nutrients, chemicals, and pathogens on the ground and transports them in the form of runoff. Eventually this contaminated stormwater runoff enters water resources through the drainage basin. Collecting a considerable amount of water would prevent contamination of that water, and allow for it to be usable. Also, it would reduce the amount of water that is lost when it is contaminated as runoff. An overall reduced amount of stormwater runoff would reduce the amount of contaminants that would harm corals. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cisterns used for water harvesting. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shelter; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that trap or filter impurities out of runoff water. These include but are not limited to, using swales, filter strips, oil/water separators, oil/grit separators, and sand filters. Often structural retrofitting is coupled with biological filters/controls to direct water as desired and to fully reap the benefits of both systems. Structural filters are often incorporated into retention/detention and infiltration systems as well. One disadvantage of structural filters is that they are often higher maintenance as sand and chambers fill and clog with pollutants over time. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Compost Filter System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Median Strip Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montgomery County Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Off-Line Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Oil/Water Separators. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Organic Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Peat Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Perimeter Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pocket Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rockville Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Sediment Basin (Water Quality Enhancement). Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Side-by-Side Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Trench with Oil/Grit Chamber. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Under-the-Swale Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Quality Volume (WQV) Storage Tank. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

US EPA. EPA Filtration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Manufactured Products for Stormwater Inlets. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Alum Injection. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Infiltration This management option attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that control the volume of surface water, facilitating faster absorption of the stormwater into the ground. Often these structures are able to infiltrate larger amounts of water faster while reducing exposure to surface sediments and pollutants. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

US EPA. EPA Infiltration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Retention/Detention This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. Water collection can be selective, targeting the first flush of water, which is typically the most polluted. Water retention has the additional benefit of later release at a place and time when the water is needed (e.g. for irrigation). Rainwater Collection Systems (#11) can be an important water resource in areas where freshwater is limited. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Detention Devices for Dry/Wet Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Water and Sediment Control Basin. CODE 638. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Volume Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Retention/Detention This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of natural structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. These structures are typically characterized as retention ponds and incorporate natural vegetation such as grass. These ponds may be dry, or may drain into nearby wetlands. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges
Transportation Policy: Dust Control Application This action is taken to control dust from unpaved roads and other surfaces, which is generated by traffic and/or wind. Some dust control products (palliatives) for application include: water, hydroscopic palliatives, adhesive, petroleum emulsion, polymer emulsion, clay additive, and bituminous. There are specific considerations for application of each, including seasons and when to use which. For example, hygroscopic palliatives (control dust by absorbing water from the air) shall not be used in arid and semi-arid environments. Calcium chloride and magnesium chloride shall not be used in locations where the daily summertime relative humidity averages below 30%. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land & Air Transportation; Mining; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Waterway Management: Manage Canal Water Quality This management option addresses water quality issues that may arise from nearshore, confined areas, specifically dead-end canals. This management response does not focus on wastewater discharges into canals, but instead on the hydrologic structure and orientation of the canal itself. Physical problems with canal orientation can lead to such problems as low flushing and build-up of weed wrack. This is a problem because the build-up of weed wrack consumes oxygen and releases nutrients as it decays. When combined with low flushing and circulation, dead end canals have decreased oxygen concentrations, accelerated eutrophication, and accumulate organic materials, pollutants and sediment. To improve the current canal system, management can inventory and map canals to identify high risk hotspots and candidates for future canal restoration projects. Canals are typically constructed to best suit the water access needs of local homes and businesses. Preventing high risk canals from being constructed, or placing certain requirements on their construction through permitting is one way to reduce future problem spots. Some design strategies include: Construct non-linear canals without right-angles and flared inlets oriented to prevailing winds. Instead of dead-ends, canals should include a flow through water exchange system or install mechanical pumps. Canals should be as wide as possible in relation to depth and length. Canal depth should be uniform or progressively shallower away from the parent waterbody, with sloping banks (eliminate requirements for navigable depths to shoreline). Some canal improvement strategies include: Implement weed gates, air curtains, and aeration systems. Direct all stormwater and effluent away from canal systems. Reduce bulkheading and restore native vegetative buffers (#1). Promote diversity of substrates and habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Control River Volume Using Dams and Resevoirs Constructing dams and creating reservoirs can have many affects, both positive and negative. Like smaller scale structural stormwater retention (#263), this management option retains groundwater for later controlled release. On this scale, the creation of a reservoir may require flooding of an area behind the dam that had other uses (e.g. agriculture). Proper vegetation can be used in and around the reservoir to incorporate biological filtration (#261). Slowing the release of water into rivers reduces the intensity of flow, reducing channel erosion. However, water should still be released consistently to allow for aquatic habitat to be maintained on the river bottom (#8). Lastly, with the correct infrastructure, a dam can be used as a sustainable hydroelectric energy source. Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Environmental Protection Agency. 2007. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. EPA 841-B-07-002, Office of Water, Washington, DC.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 (CBRA), 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. Promote more appropriate use and conservation of coastal barriers along the Atlantic, Gulf and Great Lakes coastlines. Minimize the loss of human life; reduce wasteful expenditures on shoreline development; minimize damage to wildlife, marine life, and other natural services, and establish a coastal barrier resources system.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restrict most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals. 		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coral; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Wetlands
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Ground Water Classes, Standards, and Exemptions, 62-520 Florida Administrative Code. (1) Purpose. (a) Article II, Section 7 of the Florida Constitution requires abatement of water pollution and conservation and protection of Florida�s natural resources. (b) The present and future most beneficial uses of all ground waters of the state have been designated by the Department by means of the classification system set forth in this chapter in accordance with Section 403.061(10), F.S. Water quality standards are established by the Department to protect these designated uses. (c) Because activities outside the state sometimes cause pollution of Florida�s waters, the Department will make every reasonable effort to have such pollution abated. (d) Water quality standards apply equally to and shall be uniformly enforced in both the public and private sector. (e) �Public interest� shall not be construed to mean only those activities conducted solely to provide facilities or benefits to the general public. Private activities conducted for private purposes may also be in the public interest. (f) The Commission requests the Secretary to seek and use the best environmental information available when making decisions on the effects of chronically and acutely toxic substances and carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic substances. Additionally, the Secretary is requested to seek and encourage innovative research and development in waste treatment alternatives that might better preserve environmental quality and at the same time reduce the energy and dollar costs of operation. (g) The present and future most beneficial uses of ground waters of the state shall be protected to ensure the availability and utility of this invaluable resource. To achieve such protection, the ground waters of the state are classified and appropriate water quality criteria for those classes are set forth in this chapter. (h) The criteria set forth in this chapter are minimum levels which are necessary to protect the designated use of ground waters. It is the intent of the Commission that permit applicants should not be penalized because of a low detection limit associated with any specific criterion.

Application to Coral Reefs:Groundwater flow will eventually bring the groundwater to an area where by intrusion it will enter waterbodies such as lakes, streams, estuaries, and the ocean. If the groundwater is contaminated, the contamination then enters the waterbody. The contaminants will affect the open water environment and degrade that system.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies
Identification of impaired surface waters, 62-303 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2002). The Chapter established a methodology to identify surface waters of the state that will be included on the state's planning list of waters that will be assessed pursuant to subsections 403.067(2) and (3), Florida Statutes. It also establishes a methodology to identify impaired waters based on representative data that will be included on the state's verified list of impaired waters, for which the Department will calculate Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs), pursuant to subsection 403.067(4), F.S., and which will be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to paragraph 303(d)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA).

Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats.

Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Microorganisms; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Revised Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan §§ Public Law 101-605 (HR 5909, Public Law (2007). The document is a report on the results of NOAA's five year review of strategies and activities detailed in the 1996 Final Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The plan specifically addresses preserving and enhancing Sanctuary resources including four national wildlife refuges, six state parks, three state aquatic preserves, Key Largo Marine Sanctuary, Looe Key Marine Sanctuary and a total of 2,900 square nautical miles of coastal waters and numerous coral reefs. The sanctuary ecosystems are facing specific threats including direct human impacts such as vessel groundidngs, pollution and overfishing.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as Co-trustees

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Surface water quality standards, 62-302 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). The Chapter establishes the minimum concentrations of contamination that are allowable to protect the designated uses of a waterbody. Designated uses include public drinking water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife, agricultural, recreation, industrial, and navigation.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting surface waters by limiting the concentration of pollutants that can be present will control the concentrations of those pollutants that will reach estuarine and marine environments, thus protecting the associated ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Penalties are not presented in the Rule. Specific requirements and penalties are addrressed in individual permits. The Rule relies heavily on biocriteria including acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Section 400 presents the classes of Florida waters; Class I potable water supplies, Class II shellfish propagation or harvesting, Class III recreation, propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife, Class IV agricultural water supplies, Class V navigation, utility and industrial use.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designate Protected Species; Discharge Limitations; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Impervious Surfaces; Invertebrates; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Waste Management Policies
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Water quality based effluent limitations, 62-650 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To implement the provisions of Section 403.051, 403.085 through 403.088 concerning the development of effluent limitations for wastewater facilities.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Florida Air and Water Pollution Act establishes that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessay to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Requiring treatment of industrial and domestic waste water indirectly protects adjoining ecosystem, such as reefs, by limiting the pollutant that reach these other systems.

Legislative Actions:The Department shall not issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state, unless the Department has established an efflent limit for those pollutants in the discharge that are present in quantities or concentrations which can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute, directly or indirectly, to a violation of any water quality standard established in rule 62-302. The effluent limit may be a technology based effluent limit (TBEL), a water quality based effluent limit (WQBEL) determined by a Level 1 process, or where applicable, a WQBEL determined by a Level 2 process.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Domestic Animal Waste; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Water Resource Implementation Rule, 62-40 Florida Administrative Code (2006). The Chapter is intended to provide water resouirce implementation goals, objectives and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources. A goal of the Chapter is to coordinate the management of water and land resources. It is the objective of the State to protect the functions of the entire ecological systems, as developed and defined in the programs, rules, and plans of the Department and water management districts. It is a goal of the Chapter that sufficient water be available for all existing and future reasonable-beneficial uses and the natural systems and that adverse effects of competition for water supplies be avoided.

Application to Coral Reefs:By protecting the functions of entire aquatic ecological systems, those waters will contain less contaminants when they are discharged and meet other natural water bodies including marine ecosystems. Cleaner water will result in less ecological strees to marine ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This Chapter is intended to provide water resource implementation goals, objectives, and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources, based on statutory policies and directives in Chapters 187, 373, and 403, Florida Statutes. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies

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