Jump to main content or area navigation.

Contact Us

ReefLink Database

Marine Products

Marine Products

Marine products are non-food goods derived from reefs that promote human well-being (e.g, aquarium fish or ornamental resources) and human health (e.g., pharmaceuticals and cosmetics).

CMap

Anemones & zooanthids are cnidarians very similar to coral, but are not characteristic reef builders. Aquarium and Pet Trade involves the preservation and exhibition of aquatic species for public view or individual hobbies, and the sale of animals. Aquarium Stock is aquatic life that humans collect for sale to commercial aquariums or individual hobbyists. Biological Harvest is the collection of living things from the ecosystem for recreation, consumption, or sale of marine products. Biological monitoring is the use of a biological entity as a detector and its response as a measure to determine environmental conditions. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Coral is a colonial marine animal consisting of polyps. Culture sectors contribute to the social, emotional, and intellectual well-being of the community. Designating protected species is the process of legally establishing a species as threatened, endangered, or of special concern, often requiring that critical habitat must be designated as well and recovery plans implemented. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Economic markets and policies can influence financing and insurance, as well as drive consumer demand for certain types of goods and services. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Fish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills and usually have scales. Fishing & harvesting management controls the activities which harvest fish and invertebrates, including commercial and recreational fishing. The Health sector includes groups which provide for human health through medical and social care, and maintenance and disposal of waste. Infrastructural policies are responses, including zoning, codes, or regulations, that impact the distribution and functioning of socio-economic sectors that provide infrastructure. Infrastructural sectors provide the physical, organizational, and technical support for the economy to function, including construction, utilities, transportation, finance, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and technical services. Invasive species are plants, animals, or other organisms that are foreign to a particular environment, and whose introduction may be detrimental when invasives compete with or consume native species. An Invertebrate is any animal that lacks a backbone. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Industries in the Manufacturing and Trade subsector produce and sell food, beverage, tobacco, wood, plastics, chemical products, metals, electronics, and machinery products, in both wholesale and retail trade. Manufacturing and trade regulations are laws and policies enacted to control production, distribution, and sale of goods and services. Marine products are non-food goods derived from reefs that promote human well-being (e.g, aquarium fish or ornamental resources) and human health (e.g., pharmaceuticals and cosmetics). Ornamental Jewelry & Art includes products derived from reef species, including coral and sponges to make artistic products for display or retail sale as souvenirs, beads, or jewelry. Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics industries are engaged in manufacturing drugs, medicines and related products for human or animal use. Marine ecosystems provide sources and templates for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biochemicals, and other biomaterials. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Rock production is the processes by which calcified coral skeletons can be harvested to form rocks and building blocks. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. The Souvenir and Decorative Trade is involved in producing and selling souvenirs and novelty decorative items, including those derived from marine products. Sponges are sessile colonial animals with soft porous bodies supported by a fibrous skeletal framework. Valuation is the process of estimating the worth, merit, or desirability of benefits derived from ecosystems.

CMap Description

A number of reef-dependent organisms may be harvested or collected for development or sale as marine products. Colorful fish and invertebrates may be collected for distribution and sale in the aquarium trade. A large number of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products have been derived from sponges, snails, and other marine organisms. Invertebrate shells, sponges, coral, and other organisms may be harvested to make ornamental art and jewelry for the souvenir and decorative trade. Many of the sectors that benefit from marine products also create pressures on the reef ecosystem through coastal development, pollution, and harvesting. Overfishing, or accidental harvesting of non-target species, can disrupt the coral reef food web. Trade regulations and economic markets, including supply and demand, will influence the value of marine products. Species protections and fishing regulations can control the amount of potential stock that is actually harvested, or limit harvest of vulnerable taxa.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Principe, P., P. Bradley, S. Yee, W. Fisher, E. Johnson, P. Allen, and D. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying Coral Reef Ecosystem Services. EPA/600/R-11/206, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2012 Global Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beach & Land Formation; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Anavi, Y; Avishai, G; Calderon, S; Allon, DM. 2011. Bone Remodeling in Onlay Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Coral Grafts to Rat Calvaria: Microcomputerized Tomography Analysis. Journal of Oral Implantology 37:379-386. 2011 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Aragon, J; Gonzalez, R; Fuentes, G; Palin, L; Croce, G; Viterbo, D. 2011. Development and Characterization of a Novel Bioresorbable and Bioactive Biomaterial Based on Polyvinyl Acetate, Calcium Carbonate and Coralline Hydroxyapatite. Materials Research-Ibero-American Journal of Materials 14:25-30. 2011 Cuba Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Bai, XT; Chen, YC; Chen, WZ; Lei, HP; Shi, GG. 2011. Volatile Constituents, Inorganic Elements and Primary Screening of Bioactivity of Black Coral Cigarette Holders. Marine Drugs 9:863-878. 2011 China CO2; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Berrue, F; Withers, ST; Haltli, B; Withers, J; Kerr, RG. 2011. Chemical Screening Method for the Rapid Identification of Microbial Sources of Marine Invertebrate-Associated Metabolites. Marine Drugs 9:369-381. 2011 Microorganisms; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Betancur-R, R; Hines, A; Acero, A; Orti, G; Wilbur, AE; Freshwater, DW. 2011. Reconstructing the lionfish invasion: insights into Greater Caribbean biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 38:1281-1293. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Invasive Species
Cai, L; Wang, Q; Gu, CM; Wu, JG; Wang, J; Kang, N; Hu, JW; Xie, F; Yan, L; Liu, X; Cao, YL; Xiao, R. 2011. Vascular and micro-environmental influences on MSC-coral hydroxyapatite construct-based bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 32:8497-8505. 2011 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chien, CS; Liao, TY; Hong, TF; Kuo, TY; Wu, JL; Lee, TM. 2011. Investigation into microstructural properties of fluorapatite Nd-YAG laser clad coatings with PVA and WG binders. Surface and Coatings Technology 205:3141-3146. 2011 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Chou, JH; Ben-Nissan, B; Green, DW; Valenzuela, SM; Kohan, L. 2011. Targeting and Dissolution Characteristics of Bone Forming and Antibacterial Drugs by Harnessing the Structure of Microspherical Shells from Coral Beach Sand. Advanced Engineering Materials 13:93-99. 2011 Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Claisse, JT; Clark, TB; Schumacher, BD; McTee, SA; Bushnell, ME; Callan, CK; Laidley, CW; Parrish, JD. 2011. Conventional tagging and acoustic telemetry of a small surgeonfish, Zebrasoma flavescens, in a structurally complex coral reef environment. Environmental Biology of Fishes 91:185-201. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Turf Algae
Crimmins, MT; Stauffer, CS; Mans, MC. 2011. Total Syntheses of (+)-Vigulariol and (-)-Sclerophytin A. Organic Letters 13:4890-4893. 2011 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Drahl, MA; Akhmedov, NG; Williams, LJ. 2011. Selective conversion of an enantioenriched cyclononadienone to the xeniolide, xenibellol, and florlide cores: an integrated routing strategy. Tetrahedron Letters 52:325-328. 2011 Florida Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ernst, S; Janse, M; Renema, W; Kouwenhoven, T; Goudeau, ML; Reichart, GJ. 2011. Benthic Foraminifera In A Large Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Aquarium. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 41:101-113. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Java; Indonesia Index or Indicator Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Gaitan, AS; Mora, PAR; Narvaez, DM; Moreno, LMM. 2011. Characterising structural, mechanical and cytotoxic properties of coral-based composite material intended for bone implant applications. Revista Ingenieria e Investigacion 31:135-141. 2011 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Goncalves, S; Nicolas, M; Maillos, P; Baati, R. 2011. Cationic cyclization of keto-epoxides mediated by zirconium(IV) tetrachloride: diastereoselective synthesis of cis-decalinols. Tetrahedron 67:8373-8382. 2011 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gondim, AI; Dias, TLP; Campos, FF; Alonso, C; Christoffersen, ML. 2011. Benthic macrofauna from Areia Vermelha Marine State Park, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 11:75-86. 2011 China Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Hydrocoral; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation
Grkovic, T; Whitson, EL; Rabe, DC; Gardella, RS; Bottaro, DP; Linehan, WM; McMahon, JB; Gustafson, KR; McKee, TC. 2011. Identification and evaluation of soft coral diterpenes as inhibitors of HIF-2 alpha induced gene expression. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21:2113-2115. 2011 Octocoral; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Guinchard, X; Roulland, E. 2011. Various Entries to Vinyl Chloride Derivatives and their Applications in Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Synlett 2779-2788. 2011 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hassan, HM; Elnagar, AY; Khanfar, MA; Sallam, AA; Mohammed, R; Shaala, LA; Youssef, DTA; Hifnawy, MS; El Sayed, KA. 2011. Design of semisynthetic analogues and 3D-QSAR study of eunicellin-based diterpenoids as prostate cancer migration and invasion inhibitors. European Journal Of Medicinal Chemistry 46:1122-1130. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Invasive Species; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Jones, AC; Monroe, EA; Podell, S; Hess, WR; Klages, S; Esquenazi, E; Niessen, S; Hoover, H; Rothmann, M; Lasken, RS; Yates, JR; Reinhardt, R; Kube, M; Burkart, MD; Allen, EE; Dorrestein, PC; Gerwick, WH; Gerwick, L. 2011. Genomic insights into the physiology and ecology of the marine filamentous cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108:8815-8820. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kanamoto, H; Takemura, M; Ohyama, K. 2011. Identification of a cyclooxygenase gene from the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla and bioconversion of arachidonic acid to PGF(2 alpha) in engineered Escherichia coli. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 91:1121-1129. 2011 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Kasioptas, A; Geisler, T; Perdikouri, C; Trepmann, C; Gussone, N; Putnis, A. 2011. Polycrystalline apatite synthesized by hydrothermal replacement of calcium carbonates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75:3486-3500. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Li, CQ; Liu, WC; Zhu, P; Yang, JL; Cheng, KD. 2011. Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria Associated with the Marine Sponge Gelliodes carnosa Collected from the Hainan Island Coastal Waters of the South China Sea. Microbial Ecology 62:800-812. 2011 China Cyanobacteria; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Liu, Y; Jiang, T; Zhou, Y; Zhang, Z; Wang, ZJ; Tong, H; Shen, XY; Wang, YN. 2011. Evaluation of the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast on a calcium carbonate coating on titanium surface. Materials Science and Engineering C 31:1055-1061. 2011 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Matsuda, Y; Endo, Y; Satkawa, Y; Nakata, M. 2011. Synthetic Studies on Polymaxenolides: Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Nominal Epoxyafricanane and Other Africane-Type Sesquiterpenoids. Journal of Organic Chemistry 76:6258-6263. 2011 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nordt, SP; Wu, J; Zahller, S; Clark, RF; Cantrell, FL. 2011. Palytoxin Poisoning After Dermal Contact With Zoanthid Coral. Journal of Emergency Medicine 40:397-399. 2011 Oman Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Oldfield, RG. 2011. Aggression and Welfare in a Common Aquarium Fish, the Midas Cichlid. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 14:340-360. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Complex Habitat & Resources
Pawlik, JR. 2011. The Chemical Ecology of Sponges on Caribbean Reefs: Natural Products Shape Natural Systems. Bioscience 61:888-898. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Model Climate; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Rahman, MA; Fujimura, H; Shinjo, R; Oomori, T. 2011. Extracellular matrix protein in calcified endoskeleton: a potential additive for crystal growth and design. Journal of Crystal Growth 324:177-183. 2011 Biotechnology Research & Development; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Reimer, JD; Obuchi, M; Irei, Y; Fujii, T; Nozawa, Y. 2011. Shallow-Water Brachycnemic Zoanthids (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) from Taiwan: A Preliminary Survey. Zoological Studies 50:363-371. 2011 Australia; Japan; Vietnam; Taiwan Anemones & Zooanthids; Marine Products
Rushworth, KJW; Smith, SDA; Cowden, KL; Purcell, SW. 2011. Optimal temperature for growth and condition of an endemic subtropical anemonefish. Aquaculture 318:479-482. 2011 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; Fish; Sea Temperatures
Sarin, P; Lee, SJ; Apostolov, ZD; Kriven, WM. 2011. Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds from Cuttlefish Bone. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 94:2362-2370. 2011 Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Scott, A; Malcolm, HA; Damiano, C; Richardson, DL. 2011. Long-term increases in abundance of anemonefish and their host sea anemones in an Australian marine protected area. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:187-196. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Stabili, L; Schirosi, R; Di Benedetto, A; Merendino, A; Villanova, L; Giangrande, A. 2011. First insights into the biochemistry of Sabella spallanzanii (Annelida: Polychaeta) mucus: a potentially unexplored resource for applicative purposes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91:199-208. 2011 Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Stevenson, TC; Tissot, BN; Dierking, J. 2011. Fisher behaviour influences catch productivity and selectivity in West Hawaii's aquarium fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:813-822. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Su, CC; Su, JH; Lin, JJ; Chen, CC; Hwang, WI; Huang, HH; Wu, YJ. 2011. An Investigation into the Cytotoxic Effects of 13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton crassocaule on Bladder Cancer Cells. Marine Drugs 9:2622-2642. 2011 India Field Study & Monitoring Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Supova, M; Martynkova, GS; Sucharda, Z. 2011. Bioapatite Made From Chicken Femur Bone. Ceramics - Silikaty 55:256-260. 2011 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Torres-Pratts, H; Lado-Insua, T; Rhyne, AL; Rodriguez-Matos, L; Schizas, NV. 2011. Two distinct, geographically overlapping lineages of the corallimorpharian Ricordea florida (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia: Ricordeidae). Coral Reefs 30:391-396. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Tziouveli, V; Hall, M; Smith, G. 2011. The Effect of Maturation Diets on the Reproductive Output of the White-striped Cleaner Shrimp, Lysmata amboinensis. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 42:56-65. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octopus & Squid
Uda, K; Komeda, Y; Koyama, H; Koga, K; Fujita, T; Iwasaki, N; Suzuki, T. 2011. Complete mitochondrial genomes of two Japanese precious corals, Paracorallium japonicum and Corallium konojoi (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Coralliidae): Notable differences in gene arrangement. Gene 476:27-37. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Taiwan Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Stony Coral
Vijayanand, P; Anbalagan, T; Saravanan, R; Ammaiappan, V; Rajagopal, S. 2011. Diversity Of Wrasse Species Along Gulf Of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (South East Coast Of India). Thalassas 27:57-66. 2011 India Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs; Planktivorous Fish
Yang, Y; Yao, QQ; Pu, XM; Hou, ZQ; Zhang, QQ. 2011. Biphasic calcium phosphate macroporous scaffolds derived from oyster shells for bone tissue engineering. Chemical Engineering Journal 173:837-845. 2011 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Younesi, M; Javadpour, S; Bahrololoom, ME. 2011. Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on Chemical Compositions of Extracted Hydroxyapatite from Bovine Bone Ash. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 20:1484-1490. 2011 Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhang, S; Mao, T; Chen, F. 2011. Influence of platelet-rich plasma on ectopic bone formation of bone marrow stromal cells in porous coral. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 40:961-965. 2011 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
[Anon],. 2010. International protection needed for coral used in jewelry. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:320-320. 2010 Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Arai, M. and M. Kobayashi. 2010. Search for Medicinal Seeds from Marine Organisms. Journal Of Synthetic Organic Chemistry Japan 68:470-479. 2010 Japan; Indonesia Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Arbuatti, A. and P. Lucidi. 2010. Poisonous ornamental fishes on free sale. Survey on envenomations by Pterois volitans. Sanitary and legislative aspects with reference to the Italian current regulations about dangerous animals. Veterinaria 24:37-41. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Special Use Permitting
Bilic, G., C. Brubaker, P. B. Messersmith, A. S. Mallik, T. M. Quinne, C. Haller, E. Done, L. Gucciardo, S. M. Zeisberger, R. Zimmermann, J. Deprest, and A. H. Zisch. 2010. Injectable candidate sealants for fetal membrane repair: bonding and toxicity in vitro. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 202:85.e1-85.e9. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Blunt, J. W., B. R. Copp, M. H. G. Munro, P. T. Northcote, and M. R. Prinsep. 2010. Marine natural products. Natural Product Reports 27:165-237. 2010 Review Algae; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton; Sponges; Tunicates
Collini, E., C. Y. Wong, K. E. Wilk, P. M. G. Curmi, P. Brumer, and G. D. Scholes. 2010. Coherently wired light-harvesting in photosynthetic marine algae at ambient temperature. Nature 463:644-647. 2010 Algae; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Deeds, J. R. and M. D. Schwartz. 2010. Human risk associated with palytoxin exposure. Toxicon 56:150-162. 2010 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
DiMasi, J. A., L. Feldman, A. Seckler, and A. Wilson. 2010. Trends in risks associated with new drug development: success rates for investigational drugs. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 87:272-277. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gergely, G., F. Weber, I. Lukacs, L. Illes, A. L. Toth, Z. E. Horvath, J. Mihaly, and C. Balazsi. 2010. Nano-hydroxyapatite preparation from biogenic raw materials. Central European Journal Of Chemistry 8:375-381. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gregati, R. A., V. Fransozo, L. S. Lopez-Greco, and M. L. Negreiros-Fransozo. 2010. Reproductive cycle and ovarian development of the marine ornamental shrimp Stenopus hispidus in captivity. Aquaculture 306:185-190. 2010 Cuba Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Salinity
Harrington, M. J., A. Masic, N. Holten-Andersen, J. H. Waite, and P. Fratzl. 2010. Iron-clad fibers: a metal-based biological strategy for hard flexible coatings. Science 328:216-220. 2010 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Harvey, A. L., R. L. Clark, S. P. Mackay and B. F. Johnston. 2010. Current strategies for drug discovery through natural products. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 5:559-568. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hou, Y. and L. Harinantenaina. 2010. New and Bioactive Natural Products Isolated from Madagascar Plants and Marine Organisms. Current Medicinal Chemistry 17:1191-1219. 2010 Madagascar Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Huang, C. Y., J. H. Su, Y. C. Liu, Z. H. Wen, C. H. Hsu, M. Y. Chiang, and J. H. Sheu. 2010. Oppositane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia leptoclados. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 83:678-682. 2010 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Hunt, M. E., M. P. Scherrer, F. D. Ferrari, and M. V. Matz. 2010. Very Bright Green Fluorescent Proteins from the Pontellid Copepod Pontella mimocerami. PLoS One 5:e11517. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biomedical Research Policies; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Januar, H. I., E. Chasanah, C. A. Motti, D. M. Tapiolas, C. H. Liptrot, and A. D. Wright. 2010. Cytotoxic Cembranes from Indonesian Specimens of the Soft Coral Nephthea sp. Marine Drugs 8:2142-2152. 2010 Indonesia Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Justine, J. L., A. Grugeaud, F. Keller, and P. Leblanc. 2010. Two thousand parasites on a single ray: An infection with two species of skin monogeneans on a blotched fantail ray kept in an aquarium. Acta Parasitologica 55:286-290. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Taiwan Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Kate, A. S., K. Richard, B. Ramanathan, and R. G. Kerr. 2010. A halogenated pseudopterane diterpene from the Bahamian octocoral Pseudopterogorgia acerosa. Canadian Journal Of Chemistry-revue Canadienne De Chimie 88:318-322. 2010 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kikuchi, K., J. E. Holdway, A. A. Werdich, R. M. Anderson, Y. Fang, G. F. Egnaczyk, T. Evans, C. A. MacRae, D. Y. R. Stainier, and K. D. Poss. 2010. Primary contribution to zebrafish heart regeneration by gata4+ cardiomyocytes. Nature 464:601-605. 2010 Model; GIS & Maps Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Knittweis, L. and M. Wolff. 2010. Live coral trade impacts on the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis in Indonesia: Potential future management approaches. Biological Conservation 143:2722-2729. 2010 Indonesia Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Kongkathip, B., A. Hasakunpaisarn, S. Boonananwong, and N. Kongkathip. 2010. Synthesis of cytotoxic novel 9,11-secosterol analogs: Structure/activity studies. Steroids 75:834-847. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Luna, G. M., L. Bongiorni, C. Gili, F. Biavasco, and R. Danovaro. 2010. Vibrio harveyi as a causative agent of the White Syndrome in tropical stony corals. Environmental Microbiology Reports 2:120-127. 2010 Indian Ocean; India; Indonesia Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Mayer, A. M. S., K. B. Glaser, C. Cuevas, R. S. Jacobs, W. Kem, R. D. Little, J. M. Mcintosh, D. J. Newman, B. C. Potts, and D. E. Shuster. 2010. The odyssey of marine pharmaceuticals: a current pipeline perspective. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 31:225-265. 2010 Global Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Messersmith, P. B. 2010. Holding on by a hard-shell thread. Science 328:180-181. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Moorhead, J. A. and C. S. Zeng. 2010. Development of Captive Breeding Techniques for Marine Ornamental Fish: A Review. Reviews in Fisheries Science 18:315-343. 2010 Review Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Movassaghi, M., D. S. Siegel, and S. Han. 2010. Total synthesis of all (-)-agelastatin alkaloids. Chemical Science 1:561-566. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nayar, S., S. P. Sagar, and A. Guha. 2010. Non-destructive evaluation of mechanical properties of poly (vinyl) alcohol-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21:1099-1102. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nunez-Pons, L., R. Forestieri, R. M. Nieto, M. Varela, M. Nappo, J. Rodriguez, C. Jimenez, F. Castelluccio, M. Carbone, A. Ramos-Espla, M. Gavagnin, and C. Avila. 2010. Chemical defenses of tunicates of the genus Aplidium from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biology 33:1319-1329. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seastars; Tunicates
Penesyan, A., S. Kjelleberg, and S. Egan. 2010. Development of novel drugs from marine surface associated microorganisms. Marine Drugs 8:438-459. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Rasala, B. A., M. Muto, P. A. Lee, M. Jager, R. M. R. Cardoso, C. A. Behnke, P. Kirk, C. A. Hokanson, R. Crea, M. Mendez, and S. P. Mayfield. 2010. Production of therapeutic proteins in algae, analysis of expression of seven human proteins in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Biotechnology 8:719-733. 2010 Algae; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Rastogi, R. P., Richa, R. P. Sinha, S. P. Singh, and D. P. Hader. 2010. Photoprotective compounds from marine organisms. Journal Of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 37:537-558. 2010 Algae; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton
Ripamonti, U., R. M. Klar, L. F. Renton, and C. Ferretti. 2010. Synergistic induction of bone formation by hOP-1, hTGF-beta(3) and inhibition by zoledronate in macroporous coral-derived hydroxyapatites. Biomaterials 31:6400-6410. 2010 Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Rosenfelder, N., N. J. Van Zee, J. F. Mueller, C. Gaus, and W. Vetter. 2010. Gas Chromatography/Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry-Selected Ion Monitoring Screening Method for a Thorough Investigation of Polyhalogenated Compounds in Passive Sampler Extracts with Quadrupole Systems. Analytical Chemistry 82:9835-9842. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Saleh, M. B. and R. G. Kerr. 2010. Identification of the Cyclase Product and its First Oxidation Product in the Biosynthesis of Fuscol and Fuscosides. Australian Journal of Chemistry 63:901-906. 2010 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Model Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sella, I. and Y. Benayahu. 2010. Rearing cuttings of the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea): towards mass production in a closed seawater system. Aquaculture Research 41:1748-1758. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Salinity
Singh, S. P., A. Azua, A. Chaudhary, S. Khan, K. L. Willett, and P. R. Gardinali. 2010. Occurrence and distribution of steroids, hormones and selected pharmaceuticals in South Florida coastal environments. Ecotoxicology 19:338-350. 2010 Florida Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Subramanian, S., M. Agarwal, T. Board, A. K. Gambhir, A. Hoad-Reddick, and M. Porter. 2010. Distally locked, fully hydroxyapatite coated modular long stems in salvage revision hip arthroplasty: a report of early experience. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology 20:17-21. 2010 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sutherland, K. R., L. P. Madina, and R. Stockerb. 2010. Filtration of submicrometer particles by pelagic tunicates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:15129-15134. 2010 Model Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton; Tunicates
Tsounis, G., S. Rossi, R. Grigg, G. Santangelo, L. Bramanti, and J. M. Gili. 2010. The Exploitation And Conservation Of Precious Corals. Pages 161-211 Oceanography And Marine Biology: An Annual Review, Vol 48. 2010 Review Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Souvenir & Decorative Trade
Yao, H., M. Dao, T. Imholt, J. Huang, K. Wheeler, A. Bonilla, S. Suresh, and C. Ortiz. 2010. Protection mechanisms of the iron-plated armor of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent gastropod. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:987-992. 2010 India Field Study & Monitoring Mitigation; Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhang, Y., Q. S. Yin, Y. Zhang, H. Xia, F. Z. Ai, Y. P. Jiao, and X. Q. Chen. 2010. Determination of antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of silver-loaded coral hydroxyapatite. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 21:2453-2462. 2010 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Baerga-Ortiz, A. 2009. Biotechnology and biochemistry of marine natural products. Marine Biotechnology 28:251-257. 2009 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Bell, J. D., E. Clua, C. A. Hair, R. Galzin, and P. J. Doherty. 2009. The Capture and Culture of Post-Larval Fish and Invertebrates for the Marine Ornamental Trade. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:223-240. 2009 Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Plankton; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Berrue, F. and R. G. Kerr. 2009. Diterpenes from gorgonian corals. Natural Product Reports 26:681-710. 2009 Review Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Bialonska, D. and J. K. Zjawiony. 2009. Aplysinopsins - Marine indole alkaloids: Chemistry, bioactivity and ecological significance. Marine Drugs 7:166-183. 2009 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Caribbean Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Stony Coral
Bruckner, A. W. 2009. Rate and extent of decline in Corallium (pink and red coral) populations: existing data meet the requirements for a CITES Appendix II listing. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:319-332. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Fishing Sector; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Special Use Permitting
Check, W. 2009. DNA sequencing grows virtuosic - And deep. Microbe 4:18-22. 2009 Biomedical Research Policies; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chen, K. Y. and W. N. Tzeng. 2009. Reproductive Mode of the Blue-striped Angelfish Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis in Northeastern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 48:468-476. 2009 Japan; Taiwan Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Chen, S.-P., J.-H. Su, H.-C. Yeh, A. F. Ahmed, C.-F. Dai, Y.-C. Wu, and J.-H. Sheu. 2009. Novel norhumulene and Xeniaphyllane-Derived terpenoids from a formosan soft coral sinularia gibberosa. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 57:162-166. 2009 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Cheng, X. K., Q. J. He, J. Q. Li, Z. L. Huang, and R. A. Chi. 2009. Control of Pore Size of the Bubble-Template Porous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Microsphere by Adjustable Pressure. Crystal Growth and Design 9:2770-2775. 2009 CO2; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chouvelon, T., M. Warnau, C. Churlaud, and P. Bustamante. 2009. Hg concentrations and related risk assessment in coral reef crustaceans, molluscs and fish from New Caledonia. Environmental Pollution 157:331-340. 2009 New Caledonia Fish; Marine Products; Molluscs
Claisse, J. T., M. Kienzle, M. E. Bushnell, D. J. Shafer, and J. D. Parrish. 2009. Habitat- and sex-specific life history patterns of yellow tang Zebrasoma flavescens in Hawaii, USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 389:245-255. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Claisse, J. T., S. A. McTee, and J. D. Parrish. 2009. Effects of age, size, and density on natural survival for an important coral reef fishery species, yellow tang, Zebrasoma flavescens. Coral Reefs 28:95-105. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Cobar, O. M. 2009. Survey of 2,11-cyclized cembranoids from Caribbean sources. Natural Product Research 23:26-43. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Review Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Craggs, T. D. 2009. Green fluorescent protein: structure, folding and chromophore maturation. Chemical Society Reviews 38:2865-2875. 2009 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Forte, B., B. Malgesini, C. Piutti, F. Quartieri, A. Scolaro, and G. Papeo. 2009. A Submarine Journey: The Pyrrole-Imidazole Alkaloids. Marine Drugs 7:705-753. 2009 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Freshwater, D. W., A. Hines, S. Parham, A. Wilbur, M. Sabaoun, J. Woodhead, L. Akins, B. Purdy, P. E. Whitfield, and C. B. Paris. 2009. Mitochondrial control region sequence analyses indicate dispersal from the US East Coast as the source of the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans in the Bahamas. Marine Biology 156:1213-1221. 2009 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Indonesia; Philippines Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Invasive Species
Graham, J. S., R. S. Stevenson, L. W. Mitcheltree, T. A. Hamilton, R. R. Deckert, R. B. Lee, and A. M. Schiavetta. 2009. Medical management of cutaneous sulfur mustard injuries. Toxicology 263:47-58. 2009 Florida Lab Study Medical Centers; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hii, Y. S., C. L. Soo, and H. C. Liew. 2009. Feeding of scleractinian coral, Galaxea fascicularis, on Artemia salina nauplii in captivity. Aquaculture International 17:363-376. 2009 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Nutrients; Plankton; Stony Coral
Ioannou, E., A. F. Abdel-Razik, X. Alexi, C. Vagias, M. N. Alexis, and V. Roussis. 2009. 9,11-Secosterols with antiproliferative activity from the gorgonian Eunicella cavolini. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 17:4537-4541. 2009 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ivankovic, H., G. G. Ferrer, E. Tkalcec, S. Orlic, and M. Ivankovic. 2009. Preparation of highly porous hydroxyapatite from cuttlefish bone. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 20:1039-1046. 2009 Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Khalesi, M. K., H. H. Beeftink, and R. H. Wijffels. 2009. Light-dependency of growth and secondary metabolite production in the captive zooxanthellate soft coral sinularia flexibilis. Marine Biotechnology 11:488-494. 2009 Algae; Light; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Kitson, R. R. A., A. Millemaggi, and R. J. K. Taylor. 2009. The Renaissance of alpha-Methylene-gamma-butyrolactones: New Synthetic Approaches. Angewandte Chemie-international Edition 48:9426-9451. 2009 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Li, Z. 2009. Advances in marine microbial symbionts in the China Sea and related pharmaceutical metabolites. Marine Drugs 7:113-129. 2009 China Review Algae; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Lin, M. Z., M. R. McKeown, H. L. Ng, T. A. Aguilera, N. C. Shaner, R. E. Campbell, S. R. Adams, L. A. Gross, W. Ma, T. Alber, and R. Y. Tsien. 2009. Autofluorescent Proteins with Excitation in the Optical Window for Intravital Imaging in Mammals. Chemistry & Biology 16:1169-1179. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biomedical Research Policies; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Manzo, E., M. L. Ciavatta, M. Gavagnin, G. Villani, C. Quaranta, L. D'Souza, and G. Cimino. 2009. A new xenicane norditerpene from the Indian marine gorgonian Acanthogorgia turgida. Natural Product Research 23:1664-1670. 2009 India Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Meirelles, M. E., M. Y. Tsuzuki, F. F. Ribeiro, R. C. Medeiros, and I. D. Silva. 2009. Reproduction, early development and larviculture of the barber goby, Elacatinus figaro (Sazima, Moura & Rosa 1997). Aquaculture Research 41:11-18. 2009 Cuba Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Molinski, T. F., D. S. Dalisay, S. L. Lievens, and J. P. Saludes. 2009. Drug development from marine natural products. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 8:69-85. 2009 Europe Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Snails & Conch
Nakamura, K., M. Kitamura, and D. Uemura. 2009. Biologically active marine natural products. Heterocycles 78:17-Jan. 2009 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Ning, Y., T. Wei, C. Defu, X. Yonggang, H. Da, C. Dafu, S. Lei, and G. Zhizhong. 2009. The research of degradability of a novel biodegradable coralline hydroxyapatite after implanted into rabbit. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 88:741-746. 2009 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Parvatkar, R. R., C. D'Souza, A. Tripathi, and C. G. Naik. 2009. Aspernolides A and B, butenolides from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus terreus. Phytochemistry 70:128-132. 2009 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Pazza, R., K. F. Kavalco, P. R. Penteado, S. A. F. Kavalco, and L. F. de Almeida-Toledo. 2009. Gene Mapping of 18S and 5S rDNA Genes in the Karyotype of the Three-Spot Gourami Trichogaster trichopterus (Perciformes, Osphronemidae). Zebrafish 6:219-222. 2009 GIS & Maps Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Philippot, R., F. Delangle, F. X. Verdot, F. Farizon, and M. H. Fessy. 2009. Femoral deficiency reconstruction using a hydroxyapatite-coated locked modular stem. A series of 43 total hip revisions. Orthopaedics & Traumatology-surgery & Research 95:119-126. 2009 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Philippot, R., F. Delangle, F.-X. Verdot, F. Farizon, and M.-H. Fessy. 2009. Femoral deficiency reconstruction using a hydroxyapatite-coated locked modular stem. A series of 43 total hip revisions. Orthopaedics and Traumatology: Surgery and Research 95:119-126. 2009 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Purgley, H., J. Jewell, J. E. Deacon, R. M. Winokur, and V. M. Tripoli. 2009. Vitamin D-3 in Captive Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Chelonian Conservation and Biology 8:161-167. 2009 Review Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Hotel & Food Services; Light; Sea Turtles
Qi, S.-H., G.-C. Su, Y.-F. Wang, Q.-Y. Liu, and C.-H. Gao. 2009. Alkaloids from the South China sea black coral antipathes dichotoma. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 57:87-88. 2009 Japan; China Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Rhyne, A., R. Rotjan, A. Bruckner, and M. Tlusty. 2009. Crawling to Collapse: Ecologically Unsound Ornamental Invertebrate Fisheries. PLoS One 4:e8413. 2009 Florida Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Monetary Valuation
Ripamonti, U., J. Crooks, L. Khoali, and L. Roden. 2009. The induction of bone formation by coral-derived calcium carbonate/hydroxyapatite constructs. Biomaterials 30:1428-1439. 2009 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Roark, E. B., T. P. Guilderson, R. B. Dunbar, S. J. Fallon, and D. A. Mucciarone. 2009. Extreme longevity in proteinaceous deep-sea corals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:5204-5208. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Substrate
Sashidhara, K. V., K. N. White, and P. Crews. 2009. A selective account of effective paradigms and significant outcomes in the discovery of inspirational marine natural products. Journal of Natural Products 72:588-603. 2009 Review Collaboration & Partnering; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Schlesinger, A., E. Kramarsky-Winter, and Y. Loya. 2009. Active Nematocyst Isolation Via Nudibranchs. Marine Biotechnology 11:441-444. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Biomedical Research Policies; Discharges; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sharp, K., K. E. Arthur, L. Gu, C. Ross, G. Harrison, S. P. Gunasekera, T. Meickle, S. Matthew, H. Luesch, R. W. Thacker, D. H. Sherman, and V. J. Paul. 2009. Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of three chemotypes of bloom-forming Lyngbya species (cyanobacteria: Oscillatoriales) from reefs of southeastern Florida. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75:2879-2888. 2009 Florida Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sheppard, B. J. and C. F. Dungan. 2009. Exotic Perkinsus Sp Protozoa In An Imported Vietnamese Ornamental Clam (Tridacna Crocea) Maintained In A Home Aquarium. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 40:140-146. 2009 Cuba; Vietnam Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Molluscs; Pathogens
Sheppard, B. J., D. Mahapatra, K. Reece, and J. K. Coleman. 2009. Exotic Perkinsus Sp Including Perkinsus Olseni Found In Ornamental Reef Clams, Tridacna Spp., Imported Into The Usa From The Indo-Pacific For Sale To The General Public. Journal of Shellfish Research 28:728-728. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Smith, R. T., J. H. Pinzon, and T. C. LaJeunesse. 2009. Symbiodinium (Dinophyta) Diversity And Stability In Aquarium Corals. Journal of Phycology 45:1030-1036. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Collaboration & Partnering; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Steinke, D., T. S. Zemlak, and P. D. N. Hebert. 2009. Barcoding Nemo: DNA-Based Identifications for the Ornamental Fish Trade. PLoS One 4:e6300. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Special Use Permitting
Stone, R., D. White, R. Guest, and B. Francis. 2009. The Virtual Scylla: An exploration of \serious games\", artificial life and simulation complexity". Virtual Reality 13:13-25. 2009 Europe; England Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Climate; Coastal Defense; Collaboration & Partnering; Military; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Subramanian, S., M. Agarwal, T. Board, A. K. Gambhir, A. Hoad-Reddick, and M. Porter. 2009. Distally locked, fully hydroxyapatite coated modular long stems in salvage revision hip arthroplasty: a report of early experience. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology 0:5-Jan. 2009 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Trost, B. M. and G. B. Dong. 2009. A Stereodivergent Strategy to Both Product Enantiomers from the Same Enantiomer of a Stereoinducing Catalyst: Agelastatin A. Chemistry-a European Journal 15:6910-6919. 2009 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Uemura, D., M. Kita, H. Arimoto, and M. Kitamura. 2009. Recent aspects of chemical ecology: Natural toxins, coral communities, and symbiotic relationships. Pure and Applied Chemistry 81:1093-1111. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Vetter, W., N. Rosenfelder, J. F. Muller, C. Gaus, and N. J. Van Zee. 2009. CHED 128-Analysis of halogenated natural products in sediment and passive sampler samples from the Great Barrier Reef. Abstracts Of Papers Of The American Chemical Society 238. 2009 Australia Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment
Vetter, W., P. Haase-Aschoff, N. Rosenfelder, T. Komarova, and J. F. Mueller. 2009. Determination of Halogenated Natural Products in Passive Samplers Deployed along the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland/Australia. Environmental Science and Technology 43:6131-6137. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Viitala, R., V. Franklin, D. Green, C. Liu, A. Lloyd, and B. Tighe. 2009. Towards a synthetic osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis. Acta Biomaterialia 5:438-452. 2009 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Whittington, I. D. and G. C. Kearn. 2009. Two new species of entobdelline skin parasites (Monogenea, Capsalidae) from the blotched fantail ray, Taeniura meyeni, in the Pacific Ocean, with comments on spermatophores and the male copulatory apparatus. Acta Parasitologica 54:12-21. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Japan; Taiwan Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Williams, D. R., M. J. Walsh, and N. A. Miller. 2009. Studies for the Synthesis of Xenicane Diterpenes. A Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of 4-Hydroxydictyolactone. Journal of the American Chemical Society 131:9038-9045. 2009 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Williams, I. D., W. J. Walsh, J. T. Claisse, B. N. Tissot, and K. A. Stamoulis. 2009. Impacts of a Hawaiian marine protected area network on the abundance and fishery sustainability of the yellow tang, Zebrasoma flavescens. Biological Conservation 142:1066-1073. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wilson Freshwater, D., A. Hines, S. Parham, A. Wilbur, M. Sabaoun, J. Woodhead, L. Akins, B. Purdy, P. E. Whitfield, and C. B. Paris. 2009. Mitochondrial control region sequence analyses indicate dispersal from the US East Coast as the source of the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans in the Bahamas. Marine Biology 156:1213-1221. 2009 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Indonesia; Philippines Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Invasive Species
Wright, A. D., J. L. Nielson, D. M. Tapiolas, C. A. Motti, S. P. B. Ovenden, P. S. Kearns, and C. H. Liptrot. 2009. Detailed NMR, Including 1,1-ADEQUATE, and Anticancer Studies of Compounds from the Echinoderm Colobometra perspinosa. Marine Drugs 7:565-575. 2009 Australia Echinoderms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Xue, L. Y., X. C. Zhang, and W. Zhang. 2009. Larval release and settlement of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Porifera, Demospongiae) under controlled laboratory conditions. Aquaculture 290:132-139. 2009 Cuba Lab Study; Model Aquaculture; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Yamashita, T., Y. Nakao, S. Matsunaga, T. Oikawa, Y. Imahara, and N. Fusetani. 2009. A new antiangiogenic C-24 oxylipin from the soft coral Sinularia numerosa. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 17:2181-2184. 2009 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yamashita, T., Y. Nakao, S. Matsunaga, T. Oikawa, Y. Imahara, and N. Fusetani. 2009. A new antiangiogenic C24 oxylipin from the soft coral Sinularia numerosa. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 17:2181-2184. 2009 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yuan, N., W. Tian, D. F. Chen, Y. G. Xing, D. He, D. F. Chen, L. Sun, and Z. Z. Gao. 2009. The research of degradability of a novel biodegradable coralline hydroxyapatite after implanted into rabbit. Journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 741-746. 2009 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zajicek, P., S. Hardin, and C. Watson. 2009. A Florida marine ornamental pathway risk analysis. Reviews in Fisheries Science 17:156-169. 2009 Global; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Invasive Species; Stony Coral; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Casu, M., D. Casu, T. Lai, P. Cossu, and M. Curini-Galletti. 2008. A molecular tool for genetic surveys in the red coral (Corallium rubrum): An Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) perspective. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 36:77-83. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Changyun, W., L. Haiyan, S. Changlun, W. Yanan, L. Liang, and G. Huashi. 2008. Chemical defensive substances of soft corals and gorgonians. Acta Ecologica Sinica 28:2320-2328. 2008 China Review Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chockley, B. R., C. M. St Mary, and C. W. Osenberg. 2008. Population sinks in the Upper Florida Keys: The importance of demographic variation in population dynamics of the marine shrimp Stenopus hispidus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360:135-145. 2008 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Cuong, N. X., T. A. Tuan, P. Van Kiem, C. Van Minh, E. M. Choi, and Y. H. Kim. 2008. New cembranoid diterpenes from the Vietnamese soft coral Sarcophyton mililatensis stimulate osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 56:988-992. 2008 Japan; Vietnam Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
DeBusk, B. C., M. Slattery, J.-S. Ki, J.-S. Lee, R. Aparicio-Fabre, and D. Schlenk. 2008. Species differences and effects of soft coral extracts from Sinnularia maximus on the expression of cytochrome P4501A and 2N in butterflyfishes (Chaetodon spp.). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 34:483-492. 2008 Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Ebada, S. S., R. A. Edrada, W. Lin, and P. Proksch. 2008. Methods for isolation, purification and structural elucidation of bioactive secondary metabolites from marine invertebrates. Nature Protocols 3:1820-1831. 2008 Echinoderms; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Tunicates
Ellis, J. M. and M. T. Crimmins. 2008. Strategies for the total synthesis of C2-C11 cyclized cembranoids. Chemical Reviews 108:5278-5298. 2008 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Feitosa, C. V., B. P. Ferreira, and M. Elisabeth De Araujo. 2008. A rapid new method for assessing sustainability of ornamental fish by-catch from coral reefs. Marine and Freshwater Research 59:1092-1100. 2008 Index or Indicator Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish
Figueiredo, J., L. Narciso, R. Turingan, and J. Lin. 2008. Efficiency of using emerald crabs Mithraculus sculptus to control bubble alga Ventricaria ventricosa (syn. Valonia ventricosa) in aquaria habitats. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88:95-101. 2008 United Kingdom Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Gerwick, W. H. 2008. Marine Remedies. Pages 425-429 in Walsh, P. J., S. L. Smith, L. E. Fleming, H. M. Solo-Gabriele, and W. H. Gerwick, editors. Oceans and human health. Risks and remedies from the seas. Academic Press, San Diego. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ghorashi, S. A., S. M. Fatemi, F. Amini, M. Houshmand, R. Salehi Tabar, and K. Hazaie. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of anemone fishes of the Persian Gulf using mtDNA sequences. African Journal of Biotechnology 7:2074-2080. 2008 Iran Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Small Herbivorous Fish
Goffredo, S. and H. R. Lasker. 2008. An adaptive management approach to an octocoral fishery based on the Beverton-Holt model. Coral Reefs 27:751-761. 2008 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hii, Y.-S., C.-L. Soo, and H.-C. Liew. 2008. Feeding of scleractinian coral, Galaxea fascicularis, on Artemia salina nauplii in captivity. Pages 14-Jan Aquaculture International. 2008 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Nutrients; Plankton; Stony Coral
Holt, G. E., J. L. Halpern, C. C. Lynch, C. J. Devin, and H. S. Schwartz. 2008. Imaging analysis of the in vivo bioreactor: A preliminary study. Pages 1890-1896 in Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2008 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hu, Q.-L. 2008. Nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen composites imitating cancellous bone for repair of massive bone defects in rabbits. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 12:8935-8938. 2008 Lab Study Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Huigens, R. W. III, L. Ma, C. Gambino, P. D. R. Moeller, A. Basso, J. Cavanagh, D. J. Wozniak, and C. Melander. 2008. Control of bacterial biofilms with marine alkaloid derivatives. Molecular BioSystems 4:614-621. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Jones, A. M., S. Gardner, and W. Sinclair. 2008. Losing 'Nemo': Bleaching and collection appear to reduce inshore populations of anemonefishes. Journal of Fish Biology 73:753-761. 2008 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kapojos, M. M., R. E. P. Mangindaan, T. Nakazawa, T. Oda, K. Ukai, and M. Namikoshi. 2008. Three new nardosinane type sesquiterpenes from an Indonesian soft coral Nephthea sp. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 56:332-334. 2008 Japan; Indonesia Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Khalesi, M. K. 2008. Cell cultures from the symbiotic soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Animal 44:330-338. 2008 Algae; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Kim, S.-K., Y. D. Ravichandran, S. B. Khan, and Y. T. Kim. 2008. Prospective of the cosmeceuticals derived from marine organisms. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 13:511-523. 2008 Review Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Lei, Z.-M. and M. Zhang. 2008. Study of root canal filling in dogs by using compound coral paste. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 12:1983-1986. 2008 Lab Study Medical Centers; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Li, R.-Q., G.-P. Zhang, Z.-Y. Sha, H.-Y. Gao, L.-Z. Ren, W. Dong, F. Zhao, and W. Wang. 2008. Liquid nano-materials for bone repair. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 12:1915-1918. 2008 China Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Li, T., H.-M. Zang, and T.-S. Tang. 2008. 1, 25-(OH)2VitD3 promotes osteogenesis and vascularization of tissue-engineered bone. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 12:2001-2005. 2008 Cuba Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Li, T., Y.-T. Yu, J. Wang, and T.-S. Tang. 2008. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates bone neovascularization by enhancing the interactions of osteoblasts-like cells and endothelial cells. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 86:583-588. 2008 Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Liang, C.-H., G.-H. Wang, C.-C. Liaw, M.-F. Lee, S.-H. Wang, D.-L. Cheng, and T.-H. Chou. 2008. Extracts from Cladiella australis, Clavularia viridis and Klyxum simplex (Soft Corals) are capable of inhibiting the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Marine Drugs 6:595-606. 2008 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mangano, C., F. Mangano, A. Piattelli, A. Macchi, A. Mangano, and L. La Colla. 2008. Bone tissue engineering vs porous hydroxyapatite in maxillary sinus lift [Osso ingegnerizzato versus idrossiapatite porosa nel rialzo del seno mascellare]. Italian Oral Surgery 7:45-59. 2008 Germany Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
McCauley, D. J., F. J. Joyce, and J. H. Lowenstein. 2008. Effects of the aquarium fish industry in costa rica on populations of the cortez rainbow wrasse thalassoma lucasanum [Efectos de la industria de peces ornamentales en costa rica sobre las poblacionesde la vieja de cortes thalassoma lucasanum]. Ciencias Marinas 34:445-451. 2008 Costa Rica Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Medeiros, A. C., E. Vonallmen, M. Fukada, A. Samuelson, and T. Lau. 2008. Impact of the newly arrived seed-predating beetle Specularius impressithorax (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Hawai'i. Pacific Conservation Biology 14:12-Jul. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; China Invasive Species; Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Nakajima, K. and I. Takeuchi. 2008. Rearing method for Caprella mutica (Malacostraca: Amphipoda) in an exhibition tank in the Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium, with notes on reproductive biology. Journal of Crustacean Biology 28:171-174. 2008 Japan Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Ortiz, D. M. and B. N. Tissot. 2008. Ontogenetic patterns of habitat use by reef-fish in a Marine Protected Area network: A multi-scaled remote sensing and in situ approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:217-232. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate
Petrov, P., P. Mokreva, C. B. Tsvetanov, and L. Terlemezyan. 2008. Colloidal aqueous dispersion of polyaniline nanotubes grafted non-covalently with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) copolymer. Colloid and Polymer Science 286:691-697. 2008 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Pongprayoon, C. 2008. Outcome of porous implants: incidence of complications, management, and morbidity. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 0. 2008 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Poza, J. J., R. Fernandez, F. Reyes, J. Rodriguez, and C. Jimenez. 2008. Isolation, biological significance, synthesis, and cytotoxic evaluation of new natural parathiosteroids A-C and analogues from the soft coral Paragorgia sp. Journal of Organic Chemistry 73:7978-7984. 2008 Madagascar Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Salvat, B., A. Aubanel, M. Adjeroud, P. Bouisset, D. Calmet, Y. Chancerelle, N. Cochennec, N. Davies, A. Fougerousse, R. Galzin, E. Lagouy, C. Lo, C. Monier, C. Ponsonnet, G. Remoissenet, D. Schneider, A. Stein, M. Tatarata, and L. Villiers. 2008. Monitoring of French Polynesia coral reefs and their recent development [Le suivi de l'etat des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise et leur recente evolution]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:145-177. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Nutrients; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies
Santos, P. R., N. Added, J. H. Aburaya, and M. A. Rizzutto. 2008. Measurements of Sr/Ca in bones to evaluate differences in temperature. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266:1616-1618. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Sheppard, B. J. and A. C. Phillips. 2008. Perkinsus olseni detected in Vietnamese aquacultured reef clams Tridacna crocea imported to the USA, following a mortality event. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 79:229-235. 2008 Florida; Vietnam Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Bivalves
Siddiq, A. and V. Dembitsky. 2008. Acetylenic anticancer agents. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 8:132-170. 2008 Review Algae; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Tunicates
Simmons, T. L. and W. H. Gerwick. 2008. Anticancer drugs of marine origin. Pages 431-452 in P. J. Walsh, S. L. Smith, L. E. Fleming, H. M. Solo-Gabriele, and W. H Gerwick, editors. Oceans and human health. Risks and remedies from the seas. Academic Press, San Diego. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Skindersoe, M. E., P. Ettinger-Epstein, T. B. Rasmussen, T. Bjarnsholt, R. De Nys, and M. Givskov. 2008. Quorum sensing antagonism from marine organisms. Marine Biotechnology 10:56-63. 2008 Global; Australia; Oman Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Sung, P.-J., C.-H. Pai, T.-L. Hwang, T.-Y. Fan, J.-H. Su, J.-J. Chen, L.-S. Fang, W.-H. Wang, and J.-H. Sheu. 2008. Junceols D-H, new polyoxygenated briaranes from sea whip gorgonian coral Junceella juncea (Ellisellidae). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 56:1276-1281. 2008 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sung, P.-J., M.-R. Lin, T.-L. Hwang, T.-Y. Fan, W.-C. Su, C.-C. Ho, L.-S. Fang, and W.-H. Wang. 2008. Briaexcavatins M-P, four new briarane-related diterpenoids from cultured octocoral Briareum excavatum (Briareidae). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 56:930-935. 2008 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tadesse, M., B. Gulliksen, M. B. Strom, O. B. Styrvold, and T. Haug. 2008. Screening for antibacterial and antifungal activities in marine benthic invertebrates from northern Norway. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 99:286-293. 2008 Norway Fish; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Tunicates
Tang, Y., W. Tang, Y. Lin, J. Long, H. Wang, L. Liu, and W. Tian. 2008. Combination of bone tissue engineering and BMP-2 gene transfection promotes bone healing in osteoporotic rats. Cell Biology International 32:1150-1157. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tang, Y.-C., Y.-Q. Wang, and W. Tang. 2008. Repairing mandibular defect by gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with coral hydroxyapatite scaffold in osteoporotic rats. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 12:2601-2605. 2008 Lab Study; Model Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Timm, J. and M. Kochzius. 2008. Geological history and oceanography of the Indo-Malay Archipelago shape the genetic population structure in the false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris). Molecular Ecology 17:3999-4014. 2008 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Water Depth & Sea Level
Udwary, D. W., J. A. Kalaitzis, and B. S. Moore. 2008. Emerging marine biotechnologies: cloning of marine biosynthetic gene clusters. Pages 507-524 in P. J. Walsh, S. L. Smith, L. E. Fleming, H. M. Solo-Gabriele, and W. H. Gerwick, editors. Oceans and human health: risks and remedies from the seas. Academic Press, San Diego. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Vago, R. 2008. Cnidarians biomineral in tissue engineering: A review. Marine Biotechnology 10:343-349. 2008 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Van Nguyen, L. and H. Kim Phan. 2008. Distribution and factors influencing on structure of reef fish communities in Nha Trang Bay Marine Protected Area, South-Central Vietnam. Environmental Biology of Fishes 82:309-324. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; China; Vietnam Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Fish; Hydrocoral; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wase, N. V. and P. C. Wright. 2008. Systems biology of cyanobacterial secondary metabolite production and its role in drug discovery. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 3:903-929. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Watanabe, K., R. Makino, H. Takahashi, K. Iguchi, H. Ohrui, and K. Akasaka. 2008. Structure of an unsaturated fatty acid with unique vicinal dimethyl branches isolated from the Okinawan soft coral of the genus Sinularia. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 56:861-863. 2008 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Williams, P. G. 2008. Panning for chemical gold: marine bacteria as a source of new therapeutics. Trends in Biotechnology 27:45-52. 2008 Review Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Work, T. M., L. L. Richardson, T. L. Reynolds, and B. L. Willis. 2008. Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 362:63-70. 2008 Global Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yuan, N., W. Tian, D.-F. Chen, Y.-G. Xing, D. He, D.-F. Chen, L. Sun, and Z.-Z. Gao. 2008. Degradation of degradable coral-hydroxyapatite after implanted into rabbit and its effect on bone healing. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 12:9614-9618. 2008 Medical Centers; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Zhang, H.-T., K. Liu, D.-Z. Cai, and Y.-J. Zeng. 2008. Effect of coral hydroxyapatite on the osteogenic property of platelet-rich plasma-induced human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 12:8815-8818. 2008 Lab Study Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhang, J., J. Guo, S. Li, B. Song, and K. Yao. 2008. Synthesis of β-tricalcium phosphate using sol-gel self-propagating combustion method. Frontiers of Chemistry in China 3:451-453. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhong, W., C. Moya, R. S. Jacobs, and R. D. Little. 2008. Synthesis and an evaluation of the bioactivity of the C-glycoside of pseudopterosin a methyl ether. Journal of Organic Chemistry 73:7011-7016. 2008 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Affonso, P. R. A. M. and P. M. Galetti Jr. 2007. Genetic diversity of three ornamental reef fishes (Families Pomacanthidae and Chaetodontidae) from the Brazilian coast. Brazilian Journal of Biology 67:925-933. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
Barron, M., L. Franklin, J. Woodall Jr., S. Wingerter, H. Benghuzzi, and M. Tucci. 2007. Comparison of osteoconductive materials on MG63 osteoblast cell function. Pages 248-253 in Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Bowling, J. J., A. J. Kochanowska , N. Kasanah, and M. T. Hamann. 2007. Nature�s bounty-drug discovery from the sea. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 2:1505-1522. 2007 Review Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chao, C.-H., H.-C. Huang, Y.-C. Wu, C.-K. Lu, C.-F. Dai, and J.-H. Sheu. 2007. Glycolipids from the Formosan soft coral Lobophytum crassum. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:1720-1723. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chen, M.-X. and Y.-W. Lin. 2007. Artificial composite bone in repairing bone defects. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:9797-9800. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chen, S.-P., J.-H. Su, A. F. Ahmed, C.-F. Dai, Y.-C. Wu, and J.-H. Sheu. 2007. Xeniaphyllane-derived terpenoids from the Formosan soft coral Sinularia gibberosa. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:1471-1475. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Choi, A. H. and B. Ben-Nissan. 2007. Sol-gel production of bioactive nanocoatings for medical applications. Part II: Current research and development. Nanomedicine 2:51-61. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chou, J., B. Ben-Nissan, A. H. Choi, R. Wuhrer, and D. Green. 2007. Conversion of coral sand to calcium phosphate for biomedical applications. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 43:44-48. 2007 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Costantini, F., C. Fauvelot, and M. Abbiati. 2007. Genetic structuring of the temperate gorgonian coral (Corallium rubrum) across the western Mediterranean Sea revealed by microsatellites and nuclear sequences. Molecular Ecology 16:5168-5182. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Dai, X., Z. Wan, R. G. Kerr, and H. M. L. Davies. 2007. Synthetic and isolation studies related to the marine natural products (+)-elisabethadione and (+)-elisabethamine. Journal of Organic Chemistry 72:1895-1900. 2007 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
DiMasi, J. A. and H. G. Grabowski. 2007. The cost of biopharmaceutical R&D: is biotech different? Managerial and Decision Economics 28:469-479. 2007 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
El-Gamal, A. A. H., S.-K. Wang, and C.-Y. Duh. 2007. Prenylbicyclogermacrane diterpenoids from the formosan soft coral Nephthea elongata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:890-893. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Froukh, T. and M. Kochzius. 2007. Genetic population structure of the endemic fourline wrasse (Larabicus quadrilineatus) suggests limited larval dispersal distances in the Red Sea. Molecular Ecology 16:1359-1367. 2007 Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Planktivorous Fish
Fu, Z.-H. and A.-M. Wang. 2007. Tissue-engineered bone grafts in the repair of bone defects in rabbits: Evaluation of radionuclide bone imaging. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:4500-4503. 2007 Medical Centers; Military; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Huang, H.-C., C.-H. Chao, J.-H. Su, C.-H. Hsu, S.-P. Chen, Y.-H. Kuo, and J.-H. Sheu. 2007. Neolemnane-type sesquiterpenoids from a formosan soft coral Paralemnalia thyrsoides. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:876-880. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ito, H., J. Iwasaki, Y. Sato, M. Aoyagi, K. Iguchi, and T. Yamori. 2007. Marine diterpenoids with a briarane skeleton from the Okinawan soft coral Pachyclavularia violacea. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:1671-1676. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kamel, H. N., F. R. Fronczek, S. I. Khalifa, and M. Slattery. 2007. Microbial transformation of 5-episinuleptolide. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:537-540. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kashman, Y., A. Rudi, and D. Pappo. 2007. Recent heterocyclic compounds from marine invertebrates: Structure and synthesis. Pure and Applied Chemistry 79:491-505. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Marine Products; Nutrients; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Khalesi, M. K., H. H. Beeftink, and R. H. Wijffels. 2007. Flow-dependent growth in the zooxanthellate soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 351:106-113. 2007 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Lebar, M. D., J. L. Heimbegner, and B. J. Baker. 2007. Cold-water marine natural products. Natural Product Reports 24:774-797. 2007 Algae; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Tunicates
Li, J., Q.-S. Yin, Y. Zhang, J. C. Yang, and H. W. Zhou. 2007. Biological properties of Ag-impregnated composite coralline hydroxyapatite. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:3472-3475. 2007 Lab Study Medical Centers; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Liu, L., R. Chen, Y. Lin, G. Li, W. Tian, and S. Li. 2007. Comparison among four kinds of bone tissue engineering scaffold. Key Engineering Materials 963-966. 2007 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Livengood, E. J. and F. A Chapman. 2007. The ornamental fish trade: an introduction with perspectives for responsible aquarium fish ownership. University of Florida IFAS Extension FA. 2007 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Longford, S. R., N. A. Tujula, G. R. Crocetti, A. J. Holmes, C. Holmstrom, S. Kjelleberg, P. D. Steinberg, and M. W. Taylor. 2007. Comparisons of diversity of bacterial communities associated with three sessile marine eukaryotes. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 48:217-229. 2007 Australia Algae; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton; Sponges
Maruska, K. P. and K. A. Peyton. 2007. Interspecific spawning between a recent immigrant and an endemic damselfish (Pisces: Pomacentridae) in the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 61:211-221. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nassiri, N. 2007. Industry news: Biocoral wins French patent after three years. Pages 7-Jun Biomedical Materials. 2007 France Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nassiri, N. 2007. Materials: Coral bone substitute proves able to heal bone fast and effectively. Pages 3-Jan Biomedical Materials. 2007 Europe; France Collaboration & Partnering; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Newman, D. J. and G. M. Cragg. 2007. Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Last 25 Years. Journal of Natural Products A-Q. 2007 Review Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Oigman-Pszczol, S. S., A. E. S. Oliveira, and J. C. Creed. 2007. Perceptions of coral in a coastal tourist town in Brazil. Coral Reefs 26:667-670. 2007 Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Sea Urchins; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Palmtag, M. R. and G. J. Holt. 2007. Experimental studies to evaluate larval survival of the fire shrimp, Lysmata debelius, to the juvenile stage. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38:102-113. 2007 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Paul, V. J., K. E. Arthur, R. Ritson-Williams, C. Ross, and K. Sharp. 2007. Chemical defenses: From compounds to communities. Biological Bulletin 213:226-251. 2007 Lab Study Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fleshy Macroalgae; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Pecheva, E., P. Montgomery, D. Montaner, and L. Pramatarova. 2007. White light scanning interferometry adapted for large-area optical analysis of thick and rough hydroxyapatite layers. Langmuir 23:3912-3918. 2007 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Petersen, D., J. Falcato, P. Gilles, and R. Jones. 2007. Sexual reproduction of scleractinian corals in public aquariums: Current status and future perspectives. International Zoo Yearbook 41:122-137. 2007 Europe Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Stony Coral
Sahu, M. K., K. Sivakumar, and L. Kannan. 2007. Marine realm: A treasure house for bioprospecting. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences 9:191-196. 2007 Global Algae; Echinoderms; Housing; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Tunicates
Santiago-Vazquez, L. Z., T. B. Bruck, W. M. Bruck, A. P. Duque-Alarcon, P. J. McCarthy, and R. G. Kerr. 2007. The diversity of the bacterial communities associated with the azooxanthellate hexacoral Cirrhipathes lutkeni. ISME Journal 1:654-659. 2007 Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Zooxanthellae
Schlacher, T. A., J. Stark, and A. B. P. Fischer. 2007. Evaluation of artificial light regimes and substrate types for aquaria propagation of the staghorn coral Acropora solitaryensis. Aquaculture 269:278-289. 2007 Global Algae; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Stony Coral; Substrate
Shih, W.-J., S.-H. Wang, W.-L. Li, M.-H. Hon, and M.-C. Wang. 2007. The phase transition of calcium phosphate coatings deposited on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate by an electrolytic method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 0:693-696. 2007 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Singh, D., V. Choudhary, and V. Koul. 2007. Radiation synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks based on N-vinyl pyrrolidone - Acrylic acid copolymer and Gelatin. I. Swelling, morphology, and thermal characterization for biomedical applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 104:1456-1463. 2007 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Su, J.-H., C.-F. Dai, H.-H. Huang, Y.-C. Wu, P.-J. Sung, C.-H. Hsu, and J.-H. Sheu. 2007. Terpenoid-related metabolites from a formosan soft coral Nephthea chabrolii. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:594-597. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Su, J.-H., F.-Y. Lin, H.-C. Huang, C.-F. Dai, Y.-C. Wu, W.-P. Hu, C.-H. Hsu, and J.-H. Sheu. 2007. Novel steroids from the soft coral Nephthea chabrolii. Tetrahedron 63:703-707. 2007 Taiwan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Su, Y.-M., T.-Y. Fan, and P.-J. Sung. 2007. 11,20-Epoxybriaranes from the Gorgonian Coral Ellisella robusta (Ellisellidae). Natural Product Research 21:1085-1090. 2007 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sukarmi, and O. K. Radjasa. 2007. Bioethical consideration in the search for bioactive compounds from reef's invertebrates. Journal of Applied Sciences 7:1235-1238. 2007 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sung, P.-J., L.-F. Chuang, and W.-P. Hu. 2007. Rumphellatins B and C, two new caryophyllane-type hemiketal norsesquiterpenoids from the formosan gorgonian coral Rumphella antipathies. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 80:2395-2399. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sung, P.-J., L.-F. Chuang, J. Kuo, J.-J. Chen, T.-Y. Fan, J.-J. Li, L.-S. Fang, and W.-H. Wang. 2007. Rumphellolides A-F, six new caryophyllane-related derivatives from the Formosan gorgonian coral Rumphella antipathies. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:1296-1301. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sung, P.-J., M. Y. Chiang, W.-T. Tsai, J.-H. Su, Y.-M. Su, and Y.-C. Wu. 2007. Chlorinated briarane-type diterpenoids from the gorgonian coral Ellisella robusta (Ellisellidae). Tetrahedron 63:12860-12865. 2007 Taiwan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tsounis, G., S. Rossi, J.-M. Gili, and W. E. Arntz. 2007. Red coral fishery at the costa brava (NW Mediterranean): Case study of an overharvested precious coral. Ecosystems 10:975-986. 2007 Cuba; Spain Review; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Special Use Permitting
United Nations (UN). 2007. An update on marine genetic resources: scientific research, commercial uses and a database on marine bioprospecting. United Nations informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea, New York. 2007 Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Scientific Research; Special Use Permitting
Waller, R. G. and A. R. Baco. 2007. Reproductive morphology of three species of deep-water precious corals from the Hawaiian archipelago: Gerardia sp., Corallium secundum, and Corallium lauuense. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:533-542. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Wang, L.-T., S.-K. Wang, K. Soong, and C.-Y. Duh. 2007. New cytotoxic cembranolides from the soft coral Lobophytum michaelae. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:766-770. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Wang, S.-K. and C.-Y. Duh. 2007. Nardosinane sesquiterpenoids from the Formosan soft coral Nephthea elongata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55:762-765. 2007 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Wijffels, R. H. 2007. Potential of sponges and microalgae for marine biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology 26:26-31. 2007 Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Yang, J. C., Q. S. Yin, J. Lin, H. Y. Huang, H. W. Ding, Y. Zhang, and J. Li. 2007. Preparation of cisplatin-impregnated coral hydroxyapatite drug delivery system. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 27:283-285. 2007 Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yang, J.-C., Q.-S. Yin, J. Lin, J. Li, H. Y. Huang, and Y. Zhang. 2007. Anti-tumor activity of self-made composite anti-tumor coral hydroxyapatite: An in vitro study. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:3508-3511. 2007 Cuba; China Lab Study Medical Centers; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yin, B., Y. Zhang, H.-B. Zhang, and Q.-S. Yin. 2007. Biocompatibility of coralline hydroxyapatite/bone morphogenic protein composite for bone tissue engineering. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:191-193. 2007 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Medical Centers; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yooseph S, Sutton G, Rusch DB, Halpern AL, Williamson SJ, Remington K, Eisen JA, Heidelberg KB, Manning G, Li W, Jaroszewski L, Cieplak P, Miller CS, Li H, Mashiyama ST, Joachimiak MP, van Belle C, Chandonia J-M, Soergel DA, Zhai Y, Natarajan K, Lee S, Raphael BJ, Bafna V, Friedman R, Brenner SE, Godzik A, Eisenberg D, Dixon JE, Taylor SS, Strausberg RL, Frazier M and Venter JC. 2007. The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling expedition: expanding the universe of protein families. PLoS Biology 5:0432-0466. 2007 Global Light; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yu, Y.-X., Z.-S. Deng, B.-J. Li, S. L. Zhang, Q. Zhou, and W. F. Xiao. 2007. Influence of nano-hydroxyapatite on the bone regeneration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:6183-6186. 2007 Lab Study Medical Centers; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment
Zhang, D.-Q., X. Tang, and W.-G. Zhang. 2007. Co-culture of osteoblasts induced from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with coral hydroxyapatite and the function of basic fibroblast growth factor. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:3512-3516. 2007 Lab Study Medical Centers; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhang, Z., G. Li, L. Yang, and X. Ning. 2007. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by novel bioactive mineral carriers. Pages 394-399 in Battelle Press - 9th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium 2007. 2007 Lab Study Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Remediation
Zhu, W.-M., D.-P. Wang, and J.-Y. Xiong. 2007. Biological characteristics and clinical application of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 11:9781-9784. 2007 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Adams, C. P. and V. V. Brantner. 2006. Estimating the cost of new drug development: is it really $802 million? Health Affairs 25:420-428. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Bouchet, P. 2006. The magnitude of marine biodiversity. Pages 31-64 in C.M. Duarte, editor. The exploration of marine biodiversity: scientific and technical challenges. Fundacion BBVA, Madrid. 2006 Global Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Bybee, D. R., J. H. Bailey-Brock, and C. S. Tamaru. 2006. Larval development of Sabellastarte spectabilis (Grube, 1878) (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Hawaiian waters. Scientia Marina 70:279-286. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Marine Worms
Calado, R. 2006. Marine ornamental species from European waters: A valuable overlooked resource or a future threat for the conservation of marine ecosystems? Scientia Marina 70:389-398. 2006 Europe Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Carballo, J. L., E. Zubia, and M. J. Ortega. 2006. Biological and chemical characterizations of three new species of Dysidea (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Pacific Mexican coast. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34:498-508. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Mexico Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chambers, L. D., K. R. Stokes, F. C. Walsh, and R. J. K Wood. 2006. Modern approaches to marine antifouling coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology 201:3642-3652. 2006 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Chen, B., G. X. Pei, K. Wang, and G. H. Tang. 2006. Long-term observation of large weight-bearing bone defect in goats repaired with tissue engineering technique. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 26:770-773. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chen, B., G.-X. Pei, K. Wang, D. Jin, and K.-H. Wei. 2006. Experimental study on the repair of goat tibia defects with revascularized tissue engineered bone. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 10:164-169. 2006 Index or Indicator Medical Centers; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Coughlin, M. J., J. S. Grimes, and M. P. Kennedy. 2006. Coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitute in hindfoot surgery. Foot and Ankle International 27:19-22. 2006 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Davidson, E. H. and D. H. Erwin. 2006. Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans. Science 311:796-800. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Fahmy, H., J. K. Zjawiony, T. Konoshima, H. Tokuda, S. Khan, and S. Khalifa. 2006. Potent skin cancer chemopreventing activity of some novel semi-synthetic cembranoids from marine sources. Marine Drugs 4:28-36. 2006 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gross, H. and G. M. Konig. 2006. Terpenoids from marine organisms: Unique structures and their pharmacological potential. Phytochemistry Reviews 5:115-141. 2006 Algae; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Gullo, V. P., J. McAlpine, K. S. Lam, D. Baker, and F. Petersen. 2006. Drug discovery from natural products. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 33:523-531. 2006 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gutierrez, J., A. Sorlozano, M. J. Soto, and G. Piedrola. 2006. Evaluation of two automated systems for detection of bacteriuria. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 20:118-120. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hunt, B. and A. C. J. Vincent. 2006. Scale and sustainability of marine bioprospecting for pharmaceuticals. Ambio 35:57-64. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Knackstedt, M. A., C. H. Arns, T. J. Senden, and K. Gross. 2006. Structure and properties of clinical coralline implants measured via 3D imaging and analysis. Biomaterials 27:2776-2786. 2006 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Kumar, R. and V. Lakshmi. 2006. Two new glycosides from the soft coral Sinularia firma. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 54:1650-1652. 2006 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Lam, K. S. 2006. Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes. Current Opinion in Microbiology 9:245-251. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Lecchini, D., S. Polti, Y. Nakamura, P. Mosconi, M. Tsuchiya, G. Remoissenet, and S. Planes. 2006. New perspectives on aquarium fish trade. Fisheries Science 72:40-47. 2006 Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing Sector
Leeds, J. A., E. K. Schmitt, and P. Krastel. 2006. Recent developments in antibacterial drug discovery: microbe-derived natural products -from collection to the clinic. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 15:211-226. 2006 Review Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Martin, C., H. G. Deters, and T. W. Nattkemper. 2006. Fusing biomedical multi-modal data for exploratory data analysis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 798-807. 2006 GIS & Maps Biomedical Research Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
McKee, M. D. 2006. Management of segmental bony defects: the role of osteoconductive orthobiologics. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 14. 2006 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Molina Dominguez, L., F. O. Ferrer, and M. I. Lopez. 2006. Coral reefs: Threats and future focusing in over-fishing, aquaculture, and educational programs. Pages 305-312 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2006 Global Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Sponges; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Olivotto, I., A. Rollo, R. Sulpizio, M. Avella, L. Tosti, and O. Carnevali. 2006. Breeding and rearing the Sunrise Dottyback Pseudochromis flavivertex: the importance of live prey enrichment during larval development. Aquaculture 255:480-487. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Olson, D. W. 2006. Gemstones. Mining Engineering 58:31-32. 2006 Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Petersen, D., M. Laterveer, D. Van Bergen, M. Hatta, R. Hebbinghaus, M. Janse, R. Jones, U. Richter, T. Ziegler, G. Visser, and H. Schuhmacher. 2006. The application of sexual coral recruits for the sustainable management of ex situ populations in public aquariums to promote coral reef conservation - SECORE Project. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16:167-179. 2006 Japan; Europe Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Stony Coral
Pomeroy, R. S., J. E. Parks, and C. M. Balboa. 2006. Farming the reef: Is aquaculture a solution for reducing fishing pressure on coral reefs? Marine Policy 30:111-130. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Live Collection
Puthongking, P., C. Patarapanich, S. Amnuoypol, K. Suwanborirux, A. Kubo, and N. Saito. 2006. Chemistry of ecteinascidins. Part 2. Preparation of 6′-O-acyl derivatives of stable ecteinascidin and evaluation of cytotoxicity. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 54:1010-1016. 2006 Japan Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Tunicates
Radhika, P. 2006. Chemical constituents and biological activities of the soft corals of genus Cladiella: A review. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 34:781-789. 2006 Review Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Reed, J. K., D. C. Weaver, and S. A. Pomponi. 2006. Habitat and fauna of deep-water Lophelia pertusa coral reefs off the southeastern U.S.: Blake Plateau, Straits of Florida, and Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:343-375. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico GIS & Maps Biomedical Research Policies; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Santiago-Vazquez, L. Z., L. K. Ranzer, and R. G. Kerr. 2006. Comparison of two total RNA extraction protocols using the marine gorgonian coral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae and its symbiont Symbiodinium sp. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 9:598-603. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biotechnology Research & Development; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sawant, S., D. Youssef, A. Mayer, P. Sylvester, V. Wali, M. Arant, and K. El Sayed. 2006. Anticancer and anti-inflammatory sulfur-containing semisynthetic derivatives of sarcophine. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 54:1119-1123. 2006 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Shrestha, S. and S. K. Deo. 2006. Anthozoa red fluorescent protein in biosensing. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 386:515-524. 2006 Biomedical Research Policies; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Song, H., S. R. Kim, H. J. Kim, J. H. Hwang, W. T. Kwon, and Y. Kim. 2006. Preparation and characterization of porous hydroxyapatite block using a HHP method. Key Engineering Materials 1067-1070. 2006 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Temraz, T. A., W. E. Houssen, M. Jaspars, D. R. Woolley, K. N. Wease, S. N. Davies, and R. H. Scott. 2006. A pyridinium derivative from Red Sea soft corals inhibited voltage-activated potassium conductances and increased excitability of rat cultured sensory neurones. BMC Pharmacology 6. 2006 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Van Alstyne, K. L., P. Schupp, and M. Slattery. 2006. The distribution of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in tropical Pacific coral reef invertebrates. Coral Reefs 25:321-327. 2006 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Climate; Climate Regulation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Zooxanthellae
Yuan, G., M. L. Wahlqvist, G. He, M. Yang, and D. Li. 2006. Natural products and anti-inflammatory activity. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 15:143-152. 2006 Review Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Zhang, W., Y.-W. Guo, and Y. Gu. 2006. Secondary metabolites from the South China Sea invertebrates: Chemistry and biological activity. Current Medicinal Chemistry 13:2041-2090. 2006 China Review; Field Study & Monitoring Echinoderms; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Amaral, A. C. Z. and S. Jablonski. 2005. Conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity in Brazil. Conservation Biology 19:625-631. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Aoki M, K., R. Encarnacion-Dimayuga, and A. R. Cortes A. 2005. Toxicological evaluation of natural products using microtechnics [Evaluacion toxicologica de productos naturales usando microtecnicas]. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmaceuticas 36:17-Nov. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Bensaid, W., K. Oudina, V. Viateau, E. Potier, V. Bousson, C. Blanchat, L. Sedel, G. Guillemin, and H. Petite. 2005. De Novo reconstruction of functional bone by tissue engineering in the metatarsal sheep model. Tissue Engineering 11:814-824. 2005 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Bruckner, A. W. 2005. The importance of the marine ornamental reef fish trade in the wider Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:127-137. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Maldives; Sri Lanka; India; Japan; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Caribbean; Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Butler, M. S. 2005. Natural products to drugs: natural product derived compounds in clinical trials. Natural Product Reports 22:162-195. 2005 Review Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Cole, A. 2005. Looking for new compounds in sea is endangering ecosystem. British Medical Journal 330:1 1350. 2005 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Daly, J. W. 2005. Nicotinic agonists, antagonists, and modulators from natural sources. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 25:513-552. 2005 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gasparini, J. L., S. R. Floeter, C. E. L. Ferreira, and I. Sazima. 2005. Marine ornamental trade in Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:2883-2899. 2005 Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Hardin, M. P. and R. S. Legore. 2005. Development of management policy for the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate fishery in Puerto Rico: A case study. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:139-144. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Resource Use Management
Holt, G. E., J. L. Halpern, T. T. Dovan, D. Hamming, and H. S. Schwartz. 2005. Evolution of an in vivo bioreactor. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 23:916-923. 2005 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Iskander, M. M., A. E. El-Anssary, M. M. A. El-Mooty, and H. M. Nagy. 2005. Simplified method to simulate wave transformations across coral reefs. AEJ - Alexandria Engineering Journal 44:79-89. 2005 Egypt Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Shoreline Protection
Kamel, H. N. and M. Slattery. 2005. Terpenoids of Sinularia: Chemistry and biomedical applications. Pharmaceutical Biology 43:253-269. 2005 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kim, Y. H., H. Song, D. H. Riu, S. R. Kim, H. J. Kim, and J. H. Moon. 2005. Preparation of porous Si-incorporated hydroxyapatite. Current Applied Physics 5:538-541. 2005 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Koehn, F. E. and G. T. Carter. 2005. The evolving role of natural products in drug discovery. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 4:206-220. 2005 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kundu, B., M. K. Sinha, S. Mitra, and D. Basu. 2005. Synthetic hydroxyapatite-based integrated orbital implants: A human pilot trial. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 53:235-241. 2005 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Lee, L . P. and R. Szema. 2005. Inspirations from biological optics for advanced photonic systems. Science 310:1148-1150. 2005 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
LeGore, R. S., M. P. Hardin, and D. Ter-Ghazaryan. 2005. Organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:145-153. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch
Lin, Y.-C., Y.-L. Huang, A. T. Khalil, M.-H. Chen, and Y.-C. Shen. 2005. Juncenolides F and G, two new briarane diterpenoids from Taiwanese Gorgonian Junceella juncea. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 53:128-130. 2005 Japan; Taiwan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mak, K. K. W., H. Yanase, and R. Renneberg. 2005. Cyanide fishing and cyanide detection in coral reef fish using chemical tests and biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20:2581-2593. 2005 Philippines Review Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Mansur, H. S., A. A. P. Mansur, and M. M. Pereira. 2005. XRD, SEM/EDX and FTIR characterization of Brazilian natural coral. Key Engineering Materials 43-46. 2005 Biotechnology Research & Development; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mayer, G. 2005. Rigid biological systems as models for synthetic composites. Science 310:1144-1147. 2005 Model Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Muralidhar, P., M. M. Kumar, N. Krishna, C. B. Rao, and D. V. Rao. 2005. New sphingolipids and a sterol from a Lobophytum species of the Indian Ocean. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 53:168-171. 2005 Indian Ocean; India; Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Murugan, R. and S. Ramakrishna. 2005. Crystallographic study of hydroxyapatite bioceramics derived from various sources. Crystal Growth and Design 5:111-112. 2005 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nowak, D., M. Florek, J. Nowak, W. Kwiatek, J. Lekki, E. Zieba, P. G. Romero, B. Ben-Nissan, and A. Kuczumow. 2005. Micro-spectrometric investigations of inorganic components of the black corals for biomedical applications. Key Engineering Materials 297-300. 2005 GIS & Maps Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Peng, J., J. Li, and M. T. Hamann. 2005. The Marine Bromotyrosine Derivatives. Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology 61:59-262. 2005 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Stony Coral
Pramatarova, L., E. Pecheva, R. Presker, M. T. Pham, M. F. Maitz, and M. Stutzmann. 2005. Hydroxyapatite growth induced by native extracellular matrix deposition on solid surfaces. European Cells and Materials 9:12-Sep. 2005 Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Radhika, P., P. R. Rao, J. Archana, and N. K. Rao. 2005. Anti-inflammatory activity of a new sphingosine derivative and cembrenoid diterpene (lobohedleolide) isolated from marine soft corals of Sinularia crassa Tixier-Durivault and Lobophytum species of the andaman and nicobar islands. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 28:1311-1313. 2005 Japan Model Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Salin, K. R., T. M. Yohannan, and C. Mohanakumaran Nair. 2005. Fisheries and trade of seahorses, Hippocampus spp., in southern India. Fisheries Management and Ecology 12:269-273. 2005 India; Malaysia; United Arab Emirates Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2005. Population impacts of collecting sea anemones and anemonefish for the marine aquarium trade in the Philippines. Coral Reefs 24:564-573. 2005 Philippines Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector
Simmons, T. L., E. Andrianasolo, K. McPhail, P. Flatt, and W. H. Gerwick. 2005. Marine natural products as anticancer drugs. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4:333-342. 2005 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Work, T. M. and R. A. Rameyer. 2005. Coral Reefs 24:384-390. 2005 Samoa; American Samoa Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Invasive Species; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Zooxanthellae
Yan, X.-H. and Y.-W. Guo. 2005. A pharmaceutical perspective on soft coral: Chemistry and bioactivity. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 3:65-73. 2005 Review Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zaffe, D. 2005. Some considerations on biomaterials and bone. Micron 36:583-592. 2005 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhang, K., L. F. Francis, H. Yan, and A. Stein. 2005. Apatite converted from 3-D ordered macroporous sol-gel bioactive glass (3DOM-BG) particles. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88:587-592. 2005 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
[No author name available]. 2004. Proceedings of SPIE - Genetically Engineered and Optical Probes for Biomedical Applications II. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5329. 2004 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Andrefouet, S., M. Zubia, and C. Payri. 2004. Mapping and biomass estimation of the invasive brown algae Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh and Sargassum mangarevense (Grunow) Setchell on heterogeneous Tahitian coral reefs using 4-meter resolution IKONOS satellite data. Coral Reefs 23:26-38. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seagrasses
Avasthi, A. 2004. Releasing Nemo proves a disaster for native fish. New Scientist 183:13. 2004 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Ballast Discharge; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species
Babu, N. R., K. P. Rao, and T. S. S. Kumar. 2004. Effect of coralline derived biphasic calcium phosphate shot blasting on titanium surfaces. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 57:85-89. 2004 India Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ben-Nissan, B., A. Milev, and R. Vago. 2004. Morphology of sol-gel derived nano-coated coralline hydroxyapatite. Biomaterials 25:4971-4975. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ben-Nissan, B., A. Milev, R. Vago, M. Conway, and A. Diwan. 2004. Sol-Gel Derived Nano-Coated Coralline Hydroxyapatite for Load Bearing Applications. Key Engineering Materials 301-304. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ben-Nissan, B., A. Milev, R. Vago, M. R. Conway, W. R. Walsh, and A. Diwan. 2004. Nano-Coated Coralline Hydroxyapatite for Load Bearing Applications. Page 925 in Transactions - 7th World Biomaterials Congress. 2004 Australia Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Berlinck, R. G. S., E. Hajdu, R. M. Da Rocha, J. H. H. L. De Oliveira, I. L. C. Hernandez, M. H. R. Seleghim, A. C. Granato, E. V. R. De Almeida, C. V. Nunez, G. Muricy, S. Peixinho, C. Pessoa, M. O. Moraes, B. C. Cavalcanti, G. G. F. Nascimento, O. Thiemann, M. Silva, A. O. Souza, C. L. Silva, and P. R. Minarini. 2004. Challenges and Rewards of Research in Marine Natural Products Chemistry in Brazil. Journal of Natural Products 67:510-522. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Collaboration & Partnering; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Blake, D. 2004. Biodiscovery - From reef to outback. Nature 429. 2004 Australia Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Capitini, C. A., B. N. Tissot, M. S. Carroll, W. J. Walsh, and S. Peck. 2004. Competing perspectives in resource protection: The case of the marine protected areas in West Hawai'i. Society and Natural Resources 17:763-778. 2004 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Davies-Coleman, M. T. and D. R. Beukes. 2004. Ten years of marine natural products research at Rhodes University. South African Journal of Science 100:539-544. 2004 Review Algae; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Devecioglu, D., T. F. Tozum, D. Sengun, and R. M. Nohutcu. 2004. Biomaterials in periodontal regenerative surgery: Effects of cryopreserved bone, commercially available coral, demineralized freeze-dried dentin, and cementum on periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Journal of Biomaterials Applications 19:107-120. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Doherty, P. J., V. Dufour, R. Galzin, M. A. Hixon, M. G. Meekan, and S. Planes. 2004. High mortality during settlement is a population bottleneck for a tropical surgeonfish. Ecology 85:2422-2428. 2004 Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Faulkner, D. J., D. J. Newman, and G. M. Cragg. 2004. Investigations of the marine flora and fauna of the Islands of Palau. Natural Product Reports 21:50-76. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Guam Review Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Grigg, R. W. 2004. Harvesting impacts and invasion by an Alien species decrease estimates of black coral yield off Maui, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 58:6-Jan. 2004 Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Special Use Permitting
Guillaume, M. M. M. 2004. Corals and coral trade [Les coraux et leur commerce]. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 129:28-Nov. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; Fiji; Indonesia; Philippines; Taiwan; Europe; Spain; France Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hydrocoral; Monetary Valuation; Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Harris, C. T. and L. F. Cooper. 2004. Comparison of bone graft matrices for human mesenchymal stem cell-directed osteogenesis. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 68:747-755. 2004 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
He, L.-S., Z. Gao, F.-L. Chen, T.-Q. Mao, Y.-W. Yang, R. Hou, and X.-Q. Wu. 2004. Comparison between a series of controllable degradation coral-hydroxyapatite and Pro Osteon 500R from material aspect. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 8:2744-2745. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Iliescu, M., V. Nelea, J. Werckmann, I. N. Mihailescu, G. Socol, A. Bigi, and B. Bracci. 2004. Electron microscopy studies of octa-calcium phosphate thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition. Pages 157-161 Thin Solid Films. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Kamel, H. N., F. R. Fronczek, N. H. Fischer, and M. Slattery. 2004. A novel metabolite from the hybrid soft coral Sinularia maxima x Sinularia polydactyla: A biosynthetically mixed skeleton linking cembrane and africanane terpenoids. Tetrahedron Letters 45:1995-1997. 2004 Guam Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kashman, Y. and A. Rudi. 2004. On the biogenesis of marine isoprenoids. Phytochemistry Reviews 3:309-323. 2004 Algae; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Kim, S. R., J. H. Lee, Y. T. Kim, S. J. Jung, Y. J. Lee, H. Song, and Y. H. Kim. 2004. Bioactive Behaviors of Porous Si-Substituted Hydroxyapatite Derived from Coral. Key Engineering Materials 969-972. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kim, S. R., S. J. Jung, Y. J. Lee, H. Song, and Y. H. Kim. 2004. Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite derived from coral. Key Engineering Materials 1941-1944. 2004 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kohl, A. C. and R. G. Kerr. 2004. Identification and characterization of the pseudopterosin diterpene cyclase, elisabethatriene synthase, from the marine gorgonian, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 424:97-104. 2004 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kolian, S. and A. Walker. 2004. Louisiana is losing critical reef habitat and job opportunities. Sea Technology 45:31-34. 2004 Agriculture; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Pipelines; Tourism & Recreation
Lunn, K. E. and M.-A. Moreau. 2004. Unmonitored trade in marine ornamental fishes: The case of Indonesia's Banggai cardinalfish (Pterapogon kauderni). Coral Reefs 23:344-351. 2004 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector
Marrero, J., A. D. Rodriguez, P. Baran, and R. G. Raptis. 2004. Ciereszkolide: Isolation and structure characterization of a novel rearranged cembrane from the Caribbean sea plume pseudopterogorgia kallos. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2004:3909-3912. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean; Germany Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
McCutcheon, A. L., G. S. K. Kannangara, M. A. Wilson, and B. Ben-Nissan. 2004. Preliminary analysis of pore distributions using NMR in natural coral and hydrothermally prepared hydroxyapatite. Journal of Materials Science 39:5711-5717. 2004 Australia Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Toxics
Molinski, T. F. 2004. Antifungal compounds from marine organisms. Current Medicinal Chemistry: Anti-Infective Agents 3:197-220. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review Invertebrates; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
M�ller, W. E. G., H. C. Schr�der, M. Wiens, S. Perovic-Ottstadt, R. Batel, and I. M. M�ller. 2004. Traditional and modern biomedical prospecting: part II-the benefits. Approaches for a sustainable exploitation of biodiversity (secondary metabolites and miomaterials from sponges). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 1:133-144. 2004 Biotechnology Research & Development; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Najafpour, H. D., A. H. Suzina, A. Nizam, and A. R. Samsudin. 2004. A comparative study of osseointegration phenomenon in coated and non-coated NiTi implants in a rabbit model. The Medical journal of Malaysia 121-122. 2004 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Newman, D. J. and G. M. Cragg. 2004. Marine Natural Products and Related Compounds in Clinical and Advanced Preclinical Trials. Journal of Natural Products A-W. 2004 Review Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Petersen, D., M. Laterveer, D. Van Bergen, and M. Kuenen. 2004. Transportation techniques for massive scleractinian corals. Zoo Biology 23:165-176. 2004 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Pathogens; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Stony Coral
Qi, S.-H., S. Zhang, Z.-H. Xiao, J.-S. Huang, J. Wu, and Q.-X. Li. 2004. Study on the chemical constituents of the South China Sea gorgonian Junceella juncea. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 52:1476-1478. 2004 Japan; China Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Radhika, P., V. L. Rao, and H. Laatsch. 2004. Chemical constituents of a marine soft coral of the genus Lobophytum. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 52:1345-1348. 2004 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ren, G.-H., X.-J. Liu, and G.-X. Pei. 2004. Biocompatibility of coral hydroxyapatite and adult human osteoblasts derived from bone marrow. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 8:4883-4885. 2004 Lab Study Medical Centers; Military; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Rosdan, S., K. A. Al-Salihi, A. H. Suzina, and A. R. Samsudin. 2004. In vivo study of CORAGRAF: a preliminary results. The Medical journal of Malaysia 111-112. 2004 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Sawant, S. S., P. W. Sylvester, M. A. Avery, P. Desai, D. T. A. Youssef, and K. A. El Sayed. 2004. Bioactive rearranged and halogenated semisynthetic derivatives of the marine natural product sarcophine. Journal of Natural Products 67:2017-2023. 2004 Model Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Semmens, B. X., E. R. Buhle, A. K. Salomon, and C. V. Pattengill-Semmens. 2004. A hotspot of non-native marine fishes: Evidence for the aquarium trade as an invasion pathway. Marine Ecology Progress Series 266:239-244. 2004 Florida Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Ballast Discharge; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fish; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Social Organizations
Shamsuria, O., A. S. Fadilah, A. B. Asiah, M. R. Rodiah, A. H. Suzina, and A. R. Samsudin. 2004. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of biomaterials on human osteoblast cells CRL-1543; hydroxyapatite, natural coral and polyhydroxybutarate. The Medical journal of Malaysia 174-175. 2004 Cuba; Malaysia Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2004. Managing the marine aquarium trade: Is eco-certification the answer? Environmental Conservation 31:339-348. 2004 Global; Indonesia; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Sung, P.-J., M.-R. Lin, and L.-S. Fang. 2004. Briarane diterpenoids from the Formosan gorgonian coral Junceella fragilis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 52:1504-1506. 2004 Taiwan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tibbetts, J. 2004. The state of the oceans, part 2: delving deeper into the sea's bounty. Environmental Health Perspectives 112:A472-481. 2004 Global Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biomedical Research Policies; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tissot, B. N., W. J. Walsh, and L. E. Hallacher. 2004. Evaluating effectiveness of a marine protected area network in West Hawai'i to increase productivity of an aquarium fishery. Pacific Science 58:175-188. 2004 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wei, X., A. D. Rodriguez, P. Baran, R. G. Raptis, J. A. Sanchez, E. Ortega-Barria, and J. Gonzalez. 2004. Antiplasmodial cembradiene diterpenoids from a Southwestern Caribbean gorgonian octocoral of the genus Eunicea. Tetrahedron 60:11813-11819. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
[No author name available]. 2003. Bioceramics: Materials and Applications IV, Proceedings. in Ceramic Transactions. 2003 Biotechnology Research & Development; Manufacturing & Trade; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
[No author name available]. 2003. Key engineering materials: Bioceramics 15. Key Engineering Materials 2003 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Calado, R., J. Lin, A. L. Rhyne, R. Araujo, and L. Narciso. 2003. Marine ornamental decapods - Popular, pricey, and poorly studied. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23:963-973. 2003 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seastars
Chen, B., G. X. Pei, K. Wang, D. Jin, K. H. Wei, and G. H. Ren. 2003. The method of accelerating osteanagenesis and revascularization of tissue engineered bone in big animal in vivo. Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 25:26-31. 2003 Model; Index or Indicator Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chockley, B. R. and C. M. St. Mary. 2003. Effects of body size on growth, survivorship, and reproduction in the banded coral shrimp, Stenopus hispidus. Journal of Crustacean Biology 23:836-848. 2003 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Clarke, P. J., T. Komatsu, J. D. Bell, F. Lasi, C. P. Oengpepa, and J. Leqata. 2003. Combined culture of Trochus niloticus and giant clams (Tridacnidae): Benefits for restocking and farming. Aquaculture 215:123-144. 2003 Solomon Islands Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
de Macedo, N. L., L. G. de Macedo, F. S. Matuda, S. M. Ouchi, A. S. Monteiro, and Y. R. Carvalho. 2003. Guided bone regeneration with subperiosteal implants of PTFE and hydroxyapatite physical barriers in rats. Brazilian dental journal 14:119-124. 2003 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
DiMasi, J. A., R. W. Hansen, and H. G Grabowski. 2003. The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. Journal of Health Economics 22:151-185. 2003 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Donia, M. and M. T. Hamann. 2003. Marine natural products and their potential applications as anti-infective agents. The Lancet 3:338-348. 2003 Review Cyanobacteria; Invertebrates; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Tunicates
Ferraris, J. and P. Cayre. 2003. The reef fisheries of the South Pacific: Intuitive management versus an ecosystem management [Les pecheries recifales dans le Pacifique sud: D'une gestion intuitive vers une gestion ecosystemique raisonnee]. Oceanis 29:397-414. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Products; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation
Firn, R. D. 2003. Bioprospecting - why is it so unrewarding? Biodiversity and Conservation 12:207-216. 2003 Columbia Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ganesan, S., J. Felo, M. Saldana, V. F. Kalasinsky, M. R. Lewin-Smith, and J. F. Tomashefski Jr. 2003. Embolized crospovidone (poly[N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone]) in the lungs of intravenous drug users. Modern Pathology 16:286-292. 2003 Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gao, Q., S. Dong, X. Chen, Y. Zhang, W. Yang, and L. Yang. 2003. Experimental study on coral combined with SD rat osteoblast in vivo. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 7:224-225. 2003 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gilger, B. C., S. Pizzirani, L. C. Johnston, and N. R. Urdiales. 2003. Use of a hydroxyapatite orbital implant in a cosmetic corneoscleral prosthesis after enucleation in a horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 222:343-345+316. 2003 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hamann, M. T. 2003. Enhancing marine natural product structural diversity and bioactivity through semisynthesis and biocatalysis. Current Pharmaceutical Design 9:879-889. 2003 Review Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ho, K. T., A. Kuhn, R. M. Burgess, M. Pelletier, D. G. McGovern, J. Charles, and L. Patton. 2003. Use of marine toxicity identification and evaluation methods in determining causes of toxicity to fish in a marine aquarium facility. North American Journal of Aquaculture 65:14-20. 2003 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Innes, J. K., R. Vago, and B. Ben-Nissan. 2003. Hydrothermal conversion and sol-gel coating of Red Sea coral. Key Engineering Materials 43-46. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Biotechnology Research & Development; Hydrocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kim, Y. H., S. R. Kim, S. J. Jung, Y. J. Lee, and H. Song. 2003. Porous Hydroxyapatite Containing Silicon derived from Natural Coral. Pages 45-52 in Ceramic Transactions. 2003 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kohl, A. C., A. Ata, and R. G. Kerr. 2003. Pseudopterosin biosynthesis - Pathway elucidation, enzymology, and a proposed production method for anti-inflammatory metabolites from Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 30:495-499. 2003 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kolm, N. and A. Berglund. 2003. Wild populations of a reef fish suffer from the \nondestructive\" aquarium trade fishery". Conservation Biology 17:910-914. 2003 Japan; Indonesia; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Sea Urchins
Mahler, S. M., D. Y. Chin, and D. D. Van Dyk. 2003. The application of emerging technologies in genomics and proteomics to drug development. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 33:11-Jul. 2003 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Merkx, M. A. W., J. C. Maltha, and P. J. W. Stoelinga. 2003. Assessment of the value of anorganic bone additives in sinus floor augmentation: A review of clinical reports. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 32:6-Jan. 2003 South Africa Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Monzon, J. E. 2003. Coral and its role in Latin America over the last decade. Pages 3454-3456 in Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Moreira-Gonzalez, A., I. T. Jackson, T. Miyawaki, V. DiNick, and R. Yavuzer. 2003. Augmentation of the craniomaxillofacial region using porous hydroxyapatite granules. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 111:1808-1817. 2003 Review Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ojika, M., M. K. Islam, T. Shintani, Y. Zhang, T. Okamoto, and Y. Sakagami. 2003. Three new cytotoxic acylspermidines from the soft coral, Sinularia sp. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 67:1410-1412. 2003 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Olivotto, I., M. Cardinali, L. Barbaresi, F. Maradonna, and O. Carnevali. 2003. Coral reef fish breeding: The secrets of each species. Aquaculture 224:69-78. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Pepponi, L. C. 2003. A voyage through the ocean depths [Un viaggio attraverso le profondità oceaniche]. Industria Italiana del Cemento 73:148-159. 2003 Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Pomponi, S. A., A. E. Wright, and J. K. Reed. 2003. Exploration in the South Atlantic bight: Discovery of new resources with pharmaceutical potential. Pages 1283-1284 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rezanka, T. and V. M. Dembitsky. 2003. Brominated oxylipins and oxylipin glycosides from red sea corals. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2003:309-316. 2003 Germany Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sea Urchins
Sung, P.-J., T.-Y. Fan, L.-S. Fang, S.-L. Wu, J.-J. Li, M.-C. Chen, Y.-M. Cheng, and G.-H. Wang. 2003. Briarane derivatives from the gorgonian coral Junceella fragilis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 51:1429-1431. 2003 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Suzuki, M., K. Watanabe, S. Fujiwara, T. Kurasawa, T. Wakabayashi, M. Tsuzuki, K. Iguchi, and T. Yamori. 2003. Isolation of peridinin-related norcarotenoids with cell growth-inhibitory activity from the cultured dinoflagellate of Symbiodinium sp., a symbiont of the okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis, and analysis of fatty acids of the dinoflagellate. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 51:724-727. 2003 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tissot, B. N. and L. E. Hallacher. 2003. Effects of Aquarium Collectors on Coral Reef Fishes in Kona, Hawaii. Conservation Biology 17:1759-1768. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Walsh, W. R., P. J. Chapman-Sheath, S. Cain, J. Debes, W. J. M. Bruce, M. J. Svehla, and R. M. Gillies. 2003. A resorbable porous ceramic composite bone graft substitute in a rabbit metaphyseal defect model. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 21:655-661. 2003 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Watanabe, K., M. Sekine, and K. Iguchi. 2003. Isolation of three marine prostanoids, possible biosynthetic intermediates for Clavulones, from the Okinawan soft coral Clavularia viridis. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 51:909-913. 2003 Japan Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Wink, M. 2003. Evolution of secondary metabolites from an ecological and molecular phylogenetic perspective. Phytochemistry 64:3-19. 2003 GIS & Maps Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhang, W., W. K. Liu, and C.-T. Che. 2003. Polyhydroxylated steroids and other constituents of the soft coral Nephthea chabroli. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 51:1009-1011. 2003 Japan; China Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zhao, L., T. Mao, F. Chen, K. Tao, L. Ma, S. Chen, and Z. Gao. 2003. Comparative study of three kinds of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 7:548-549. 2003 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Abramovitch-Gottlib, L., D. Katoshevski, and R. Vago. 2002. A computerized tank system for studying the effect of temperature on calcification of reef organisms. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 50:245-252. 2002 Global Lab Study Hydrocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Zooxanthellae
Alam, N., J. Hong, C.-O. Lee, J. S. Choi, K. S. Im, and J. H. Jung. 2002. Additional cytotoxic diacetylenes from the stony coral Montipora sp. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 50:661-662. 2002 Japan Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Al-Lihaibi, S. S., A. Al-Sofyani, G. R. Niaz, V. U. Ahmad, M. Noorwala, and F. Vali Mohammad. 2002. Long-chain wax esters and diphenylamine in fire coral Millepora dichotoma and Millepora platyphylla from Saudi Red Sea Coast. Scientia Marina 66:95-102. 2002 Hydrocoral; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Arreola-Robles, J. L. and J. F. Elorduy-Garay. 2002. Reef fish diversity in the region of La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 70:18-Jan. 2002 South & Central America; Cuba; Mexico Index or Indicator Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Ben-Nissan, B., A. Milev, D. Green, M. Conway, R. Vago, and W. Walsh. 2002. Mechanical properties and characterisation of sol-gel coated coralline hydroxyapatite. Key Engineering Materials 379-382. 2002 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Burnett, J. W. and R. Pfau. 2002. Aquatic antagonists: Catalaphyllia jardinei sting. Cutis 70:27-28. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Seychelles; Japan; Vanuatu Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Octocoral
Cao, G., T.-Q. Mao, and J. Cao. 2002. Culturing human bone marrow stromal cells on the surface of absorbable coral-hydroxyapatite. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 6:1117-1118. 2002 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chen, B., G. X. Pei, K. Wang, Y. X. Fan, H. Wang, D. Jin, and K. H. Wei. 2002. Repair of tibial defect with tissue-engineered bone graft and radionuclide bone imaging in goats. Di yi jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the First Medical College of PLA 22:966-969. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Dunne Jr., W. M. 2002. Bacterial adhesion: Seen any good biofilms lately? Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15:155-166. 2002 Model Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton
Fahey, S. J. and M. J. Garson. 2002. Geographic variation of natural products of tropical nudibranch Asteronotus cespitosus. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28:1773-1785. 2002 Australia; Philippines Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Grabowski, H. G., J. Vernon, and J. A. DiMasi. 2002. Returns on research and development for the 1990s new drug introductions. PharmacoEconomics 20:11-29. 2002 Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Grigg, R. W. 2002. Precious corals in Hawaii: Discovery of a new bed and revised management measures for existing beds. Marine Fisheries Review 64:13-20. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Jinawath, S., D. Polchai, and M. Yoshimura. 2002. Low-temperature, hydrothermal transformation of aragonite to hydroxyapatite. Materials Science and Engineering C 22:35-39. 2002 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Kim, J. and E. J. Park. 2002. Cytotoxic anticancer candidates from natural resources. Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents 2:485-537. 2002 Review Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Kustrak, D. 2002. The toxins of the jellyfish [Otrovi meduza]. Farmaceutski Glasnik 58:239-250. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mayer, A. 2002. Current marine pharmacology contributions to new drug development in the biopharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical News 9:479-482. 2002 Florida; Spain Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ortega, M. J., E. Zubia, S. Rodriguez, J. L. Carballo, and J. Salva. 2002. Muricenones A and B: New degraded pregnanes from a gorgonian of the genus Muricea. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2002:3250-3253. 2002 Germany Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Osenberg, C. W., C. M. St. Mary, J. A. Wilson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2002. A quantitative framework to evaluate the attraction-production controversy. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat
Ren, G. H., G. X. Pei, L. Q. Gu, K. Wang, D. Jin, K. H. Wei, B. Chen, and X. H. Mo. 2002. Biocompatibility of adult human osteoblasts with coral-derived hydroxyapatite in vitro. Di yi jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the First Medical College of PLA 22:974-978. 2002 Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Seigler, D. S. 2002. Plant secondary metabolism. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA. 2002 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sivakumar, M., I. Manjubala, and K. Panduranga Rao. 2002. Preparation, characterization and in-vitro release of gentamicin from coralline hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite microspheres. Carbohydrate Polymers 49:281-288. 2002 India Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Straub, J. O. 2002. Coral gardener of the maldives. Biologist 49:53-57. 2002 Maldives Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Sung, P.-J. and M.-C. Chen. 2002. The heterocyclic natural products of gorgonian corals of genus Briareum exclusive of briarane-type diterpenoids. Heterocycles 57:1705-1715. 2002 Review Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Thalgott, J. S., Z. Klezl, M. Timlin, and J. M. Giuffre. 2002. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion with processed sea coral (coralline hydroxyapatite) as part of a circumferential fusion. Spine 27. 2002 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Urban, K. 2002. Use of bioactive glass-ceramics in the management of tibial plateau fractures [Použiti bioaktivni sklokeramiky v lečeni zlomenin tibialniho plata]. Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca 69:295-301. 2002 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Vago, R., D. Plotquin, A. Bunin, I. Sinelnikov, D. Atar, and D. Itzhak. 2002. Hard tissue remodeling using biofabricated coralline biomaterials. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 50:253-259. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Biotechnology Research & Development; Hydrocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Velasco, D., E. Gil, P. Garcia, and A. Guerrero. 2002. Efficacy of two semiautomatic methods for bacteriuria detection [Eficacia de dos metodos semiautomaticos para la exclusion de bacteriuria]. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica 20:22-24. 2002 Medical Centers; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Wagner-Dobler, I., W. Beil, S. Lang, M. Meiners, and H. Laatsch. 2002. Integrated approach to explore the potential of marine microorganisms for the production of bioactive metabolites. Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology 74:207-238. 2002 Review Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
White, R. A. and E. W. White. 2002. Uniform microporous biomaterials prepared from marine skeletal precursors. Pages 80-83 in National Research Council (NRC), editor. Marine biotechnology in the twenty-first century. Washington, D.C. 2002 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yamada, Y. 2002. Studies on discovery and synthesis of bioactive marine organic molecules. Yakugaku Zasshi 122:727-743. 2002 Japan Lab Study Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Adams, C. L. and J. N. A. Hooper. 2001. A revision of Australian Erylus (Porifera: Demospongiae: Astrophorida: Geodiidae) with a tabular review of worldwide species. Invertebrate Taxonomy 15:319-340. 2001 Australia Review Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Baker, M. 2001. A kaleidoscope of colour and texture. World of Embroidery 52:38-39. 2001 Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Textiles & Apparel
Ben-Nissan, B., J. J. Russell, J. Hu, A. Milev, D. Green, R. Vago, W. Walsh, and R. M. Conway. 2001. Comparison of surface morphology in sol-gel treated coralline hydroxyapatite structures for implant purposes. Key Engineering Materials 959-962. 2001 Australia Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Borneman, E. H. and J. Lowrie. 2001. Advances in captive husbandry and propagation: An easily utilized reef replenishment means from the private sector? Bulletin of Marine Science 69:897-913. 2001 Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Daw, T. M., G. C. C. Rogers, P. Mapson, and J. E. Kynoch. 2001. Structure and management issues of the emerging ornamental fish trade in Eritrea. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:53-64. 2001 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Collaboration & Partnering; Corallivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Delbeek, J. C. 2001. Coral farming: Past, present and future trends. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:171-181. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Europe Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Stony Coral
DiMasi, J. A. 2001. New drug development in the United States from 1963 to 1999. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 69:286-296. 2001 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
DiMasi, J. A. 2001. Risks in new drug development: approval success rates for investigational drugs. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 69:297-307. 2001 Model Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Dong, S. K., J. M. Wen, and J. Bi. 2001. Ectopic osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein. Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 15:17-20. 2001 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Friedlander, A. M. 2001. Essential fish habitat and the effective design of marine reserves: Application for marine ornamental fishes. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:135-150. 2001 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Gill, A. B. and M. J. Andrews. 2001. The behavioural response of coral reef fish following introduction to a novel aquarium environment. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:281-306. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Grigg, R. W. 2001. Black coral: History of sustainable fishery in Hawai'i. Pacific Science 55:291-299. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Special Use Permitting; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Halim, A. 2001. Grouper culture: An option for grouper management in Indonesia. Coastal Management 29:319-326. 2001 Indonesia Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Live Collection; Piscivorous Fish
Ogawa, T. and C. L. Brown. 2001. Ornamental reef fish aquaculture and collection in Hawaii. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:151-169. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Ostrowski, A. C. and C. W. Laidley. 2001. Application of marine foodfish techniques in marine ornamental aquaculture: Reproduction and larval first feeding. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:191-204. 2001 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Pena, J., R. Z. LeGeros, R. Rohanizadeh, and J. P. LeGeros. 2001. CaCO3/Ca-P biphasic materials prepared by microwave processing of natural aragonite and calcite. Key Engineering Materials 267-270. 2001 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Petersen, D. and R. Tollrian. 2001. Methods to enhance sexual recruitment for restoration of damaged reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:989-1000. 2001 Florida Lab Study Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Sediment; Stony Coral
Rubec, P. J., F. Cruz, V. Pratt, R. Oellers, B. McCullough, and F. Lallo. 2001. Cyanide-free net-caught fish for the marine aquarium trade. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:37-51. 2001 Indonesia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Rubec, P. J., V. R. Pratt, and F. Cruz. 2001. Territorial use rights in fisheries to manage areas for farming coral reef fish and invertebrates for the aquarium trade. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:119-134. 2001 Southeast Asia; Philippines Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management
Salafsky, N., H. Cauley, G. Balachander, B. Cordes, J. Parks, C. Margoluis, S. Bhatt, C. Encarnacion, D. Russell, and R. Margoluis. 2001. A systematic test of an enterprise strategy for community-based biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 15:1585-1595. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Tourism & Recreation
Simpson, S. 2001. Fishy business. Scientific American 285:69-75. 2001 Southeast Asia Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest
Sivakumar, M. and I. Manjubala. 2001. Preparation of hydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite-zirconia composites using Indian corals for biomedical applications. Materials Letters 50:199-205. 2001 India Field Study & Monitoring Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Wilson, J., C. W. Osenberg, C. M. St. Mary, C. A. Watson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2001. Artificial reefs, the attraction-production issue, and density dependence in marine ornamental fishes. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:95-105. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Fish
Wood, E. 2001. Global advances in conservation and management of marine ornamental resources. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:65-77. 2001 Global Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Zhang, W.-H., I. D. Williams, and C.-T. Che. 2001. Chabrolols A, B and C, three new norditerpenes from the soft coral Nephthea chabroli. Tetrahedron Letters 42:4681-4685. 2001 China Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Adey, H. W. 2000. Coral reef ecosystems and human health: Biodiversity counts! Ecosystem Health 6:227-236. 2000 Global Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Adey, W. H., T. A. McConnaughey, A. M. Small, and D. M. Spoon. 2000. Coral reefs: Endangered, biodiverse, genetic resources. Pages 33-42 Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 3. 2000 Global Lab Study Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Agalias, A., N. Mihopoulos, M. Tsoukatou, L. Marinos, C. Vagias, C. Harvala, and V. Roussis. 2000. New prostaglandins from the chemically defended soft coral Plexaura nina. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences 55:425-430. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chan, T.T.C. and Y. Sadovy. 2000. Profile of the marine aquarium fish trade in Hong Kong. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 2:197-213. 2000 Global Review Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Designate Protected Species; Invertivorous Fish; Live Collection; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Chapman, F. A. 2000. Ornamental fish culture, freshwater. Pages 602-610 in Stickney, R. R., editor. Encyclopedia of aquaculture. John Wiley & Sons, York, NY. 2000 Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Croteau, R., T. M. Kutchan, and N. G. Lewis. 2000. Natural products (secondary metabolites). Pages 1250-1318 in B. B. Buchanan, W.Gruissem, and R. Jones, editors. Biochemistry & molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD. 2000 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Duguy, N., H. Petite, and E. Arnaud. 2000. Biomaterials and osseous regeneration [Biomateriaux et regeneration osseuse]. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthetique 45:364-376. 2000 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Faulkner, D. J. 2000. Marine pharmacology. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77:135-145. 2000 Review Aquaculture; Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Jordan, D. R., L. A. Mawn, S. Brownstein, T. M. McEachren, S. M. Gilberg, V. Hill, S. Z. Grahovac, and J.-P. Adenis. 2000. The bioceramic orbital implant: A new generation of porous implants. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 16:347-355. 2000 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Koh, E. G. L. and H. Sweatman. 2000. Chemical warfare among scleractinians: Bioactive natural products from Tubastraea faulkneri Wells kill larvae of potential competitors. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 251:141-160. 2000 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Labrosse, P., R. Fichez, R. Farman, and T. Adams. 2000. New Caledonia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 723-736. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Europe; France Agriculture; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Lindel, T., H. Hoffmann, M. Hochgurtel, and J. R. Pawlik. 2000. Structure-activity relationship of inhibition of fish feeding by sponge- derived and synthetic pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26:1477-1496. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
MacMillan, J. B. and T. F. Molinski. 2000. Herbacic acid, a simple prototype of 5,5,5-trichloroleucine metabolites from the sponge Dysidea herbacea. Journal of Natural Products 63:155-157. 2000 Australia Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Manjubala, I., M. Sivakumar, T. S. Sampath Kumar, and K. Panduranga Rao. 2000. Synthesis and characterization of functional gradient materials using Indian corals. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 11:705-709. 2000 India Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Maragos, J. E. 2000. Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 791-812. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Pathogens; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Miyaoka, H., H. Mitome, M. Nakano, and Y. Yamada. 2000. Xeniaoxolane: A new xenicane-type diterpenoid from the Okinawan soft coral, Xenia sp.; Absolute configurations of xeniaoxolane, xeniolide-A and xenialactol. Tetrahedron 56:7737-7740. 2000 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Newman, D. J., G. M. Cragg, and K. M. Snader. 2000. The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Natural Product Reports 17:215-234. 2000 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Textiles & Apparel
Palop del Rio, A., C. Labayru Echeverria, L. Lopez-Urrutia Lorente, C. Avellaneda Martinez, and A. Gomez Nieto. 2000. Application of bioluminescence for bacteriuria screening [Bioluminiscencia aplicada al cribado de bacteriuria]. Quimica Clinica 19:395-398. 2000 Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment
Rajasuriya, A. and A. Premaratne. 2000. Sri Lanka. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 175-187. 2000 Indian Ocean; Cuba; Sri Lanka; India Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. International Trade in Coral and Coral Reef Species: The Role of the United States. Report of the Trade Subgroup of the International Working Group to the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, Washington, D.C. 2000 Global Agriculture; Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sea Turtles; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Albisetti, W., C. Sala, M. Corbella, A. Aloja, and F. Angaroni. 1999. Chondrocyte transplants. Growth and biointegration in bone graft substitute: Coralline hydroxyapatite. A preliminary study [Trapianti condrocitari. Crescita e biointegrazione in sostituti dell'osso: Esoscheletro di carbonato di calcio di corallo: Studio p. Minerva Ortopedica e Traumatologica 50:6-Jan. 1999 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Bell, J. D. and M. Gervis. 1999. New species for coastal aquaculture in the tropical Pacific - constraints, prospects and considerations. Aquaculture International 7:207-223. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges
Burja, A. M., N. S. Webster, P. T. Murphy, and R. T. Hill. 1999. Microbial symbionts of Great Barrier Reef sponges. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44:63-75. 1999 Australia Algae; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Cragg, G. M. and D. J. Newman. 1999. Discovery and development of antineoplastic agents from natural sources. Cancer Investigation 17:153-163. 1999 Collaboration & Partnering; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Dubruille, J. H., E. Viguier, G. Le Naour, M. T. Dubruille, M. Auriol, and Y. Le Charpentier. 1999. Evaluation of combinations of titanium, zirconia, and alumina implants with 2 bone fillers in the dog. The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants 14:271-277. 1999 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hamel, E., D. L. Sackett, D. Vourloumis, and K. C. Nicolaou. 1999. The coral-derived natural products eleutherobin and sarcodictyins A and B: Effects on the assembly of purified tubulin with and without microtubule- associated proteins and binding at the polymer taxoid site. Biochemistry 38:5490-5498. 1999 Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Konig, G. M. and A. D. Wright. 1999. Cymbastela hooperi and Amphimedon terpenensis: Where do they really belong? Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44:281-288. 1999 Australia Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Snails & Conch; Sponges
Kunzmann, A. 1999. Korallen, Fischer und Touristen. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 51:25-32. 1999 Global; Philippines Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Lowery, G. L., S. Kulkarni, and A. E. Pennisi. 1999. Use of autologous growth factors in lumbar spinal fusion. Bone 25. 1999 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Miyaoka, H., M. Nakano, K. Iguchi, and Y. Yamada. 1999. Three new xenicane diterpenoids from Okinawan soft coral of the genus, Xenia. Tetrahedron 55:12977-12982. 1999 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Murray, S. N., T. G. Denis, J. S. Kido, and J. R. Smith. 1999. Human visitation and the frequency and potential effects of collecting on rocky intertidal populations in southern California marine reserves. Pages 100-106 in California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Octopus & Squid; Snails & Conch; Tourism & Recreation
National Research Council (NRC). 1999. Part II: value of marine biodiversity to biomedicine. Pages 71-111 From monsoons to microbes. understanding the ocean�s role in human ealth. National Research Council, Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on the Ocean�s Role in Human Health, Washington, D.C. 1999 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Rao, M. R., U. Venkatesham, M. V. R. Reddy, and Y. Venkateswarlu. 1999. Erratum: An unusual novel C29 steroid from the soft coral Lobophytum crassum (Journal of Natural Products (1999) 62 (785)). Journal of Natural Products 62:1352. 1999 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ronnback, P. 1999. The ecological basis for economic value of seafood production supported by mangrove ecosystems. Ecological Economics 29:235-252. 1999 Review Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seagrasses
Ruitenbeek, J. and C. Cartier. 1999. Issues in applied coral reef biodiversity valuation: results for Montego Bay, Jamaica. World Bank Research Committee Project RPO# 682-22. 1999 Jamaica Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Educational & Research Opportunities; Fishing Sector; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Sata, N. U., M. Sugano, S. Matsunaga, and N. Fusetani. 1999. Sinulamide: An H,K-ATPase inhibitor from a soft coral Sinularia sp. Tetrahedron Letters 40:719-722. 1999 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Volkman, J. K. 1999. Australasian research on marine natural products: Chemistry, bioactivity and ecology. Marine and Freshwater Research 50:761-779. 1999 Australia Review Algae; Fish; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Sunscreen Use
Zeng, L. 1999. Search for new compounds and biologically active substances from Chinese marine organisms. Pure and Applied Chemistry 71:1147-1151. 1999 China Algae; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Adey, Walter H. 1998. Coral reefs: conservation by valuation and the utilization of pharmaceutical potential. Pages 72-5 in Coral Reefs: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management; Proceedings of an Associated Event of the Fifth Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development, World Bank, Washington, DC October 9-11,. 1998 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Valuation
Buser, D., B. Hoffmann, J.-P. Bernard, A. Lussi, D. Mettler, and R. K. Schenk. 1998. Evaluation of filling materials in membrane-protected bone defects - A comparative histomorphometric study in the mandible of miniature pigs. Clinical Oral Implants Research 9:137-150. 1998 Model Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Crow, G. L., M. J. Atkinson, B. Ron, S. Atkinson, A. D. K. Skillman, and G. T. F. Wong. 1998. Relationship of water chemistry to serum thyroid hormones in captive sharks with goitres. Aquatic Geochemistry 4:469-480. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Surface & Groundwater Flow
De la Caffiniere, J.-Y., E. Viehweger, and A. Worcel. 1998. Radiological evolution of coral substitute implanted into lower limb cancellous bone madreporic coral versus coralline hydroxyapatite [Evolution radiologique a long terme du corail implante en os spongieux au membre inferieur: Corail madreporique versus h. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l'Appareil Moteur 84:501-507. 1998 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Dunlap, W. C., B. E. Chalker, W. M. Bandaranayake, and J. J. Wu Won. 1998. Nature's sunscreen from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Pages 41-51 in International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 1998 Australia Light; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral; Sunscreen Use
El Sayed, K. A., M. T. Hamann, C. A. Waddling, C. Jensen, S. Lee Kook, C. A. Dunstan, and J. M. Pezzuto. 1998. Structurally novel bioconversion products of the marine natural product sarcophine effectively inhibit JB6 cell transformation. Journal of Organic Chemistry 63:7449-7455. 1998 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Jordan, D. R., S. Gilberg, L. Mawn, S. Brownstein, and S. Z. Grahovac. 1998. The synthetic hydroxyapatite implant: A report on 65 patients. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 14:250-255. 1998 France Index or Indicator Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Lewis, AL AN. 1998. National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth. 32:22-23. 1998 Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Docks & Marinas
Lindel, T. 1998. From D-arabinose to the marine natural product eleutherobin. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 37:774-776. 1998 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mayer, A. M. S., P. B. Jacobson, W. Fenical, R. S. Jacobs, and K. B. Glaser. 1998. Pharmacological characterization of the pseudopterosins: Novel anti- inflammatory natural products isolated from the caribbean soft coral, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Life Sciences 62:401-407. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nesheiwat, F., W. M. Brown, and K. M. Healey. 1998. Post-traumatic first metatarsal reconstruction using coralline hydroxyapatite. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 88:130-134. 1998 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nicolaou, K. C., N. Winssinger, D. Vourloumis, T. Ohshima, S. Kim, J. Pfefferkorn, J.-Y. Xu, and T. Li. 1998. Solid and solution phase synthesis and biological evaluation of combinatorial sarcodictyin libraries. Journal of the American Chemical Society 120:10814-10826. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Rinkevich, B. and S. Shafir. 1998. Ex situ culture of colonial marine ornamental invertebrates: Concepts for domestication. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 2:237-250. 1998 Field Study & Monitoring Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Schools & Colleges; Tunicates
Sekundo, W. and P. Seifert. 1998. Hydroxyapatite orbital implant: A light- and electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical study. Ophthalmology 105:539-543. 1998 Lab Study Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sheu, J.-H., P.-J. Sung, M.-C. Cheng, H.-Y. Liu, L.-S. Fang, C.-Y. Duh, and M. Y. Chiang. 1998. Novel cytotoxic diterpenes, excavatolides A-E, isolated from the Formosan gorgonian Briareum excavatum. Journal of Natural Products 61:602-608. 1998 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Whitman, W. B., D. C. Coleman, and W. J. Wiebe. 1998. Prokaryotes: The unseen majority. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95:6578-6583. 1998 Global Model Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chanas, B., J. R. Pawlik, T. Lindel, and W. Fenical. 1997. Chemical defense of the Caribbean sponge Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 208:185-196. 1997 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Daily, G. C., S. Alexander, P. R. Ehrlich, L. Goulder, J. Lubchenco, P. A. Matson, H. A. Mooney, S. Postel, S. H. Schneider, D.Tilman, and G. M. Woodwell. 1997. Ecosystem services: benefits supplied to human societies by natural ecosystems. Issues in Ecology 1:1-18. 1997 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; Economic Markets & Policies; Forestry; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Special Use Permitting
Duckworth, A. R., C. N. Battershill, and P. R. Bergquist. 1997. Influence of explant procedures and environmental factors on culture success of three sponges. Aquaculture 156:251-267. 1997 Aquaculture; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Fenical, W. 1997. New pharmaceuticals from marine organisms. Marine Biotechnology 15:339-341. 1997 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gaillard, S., P. Pellerin, P. Dhellemmes, B. Pertuzon, J.-P. Lejeune, and J.-L. Christiaens. 1997. Strategy of craniofacial reconstruction after resection of spheno- orbital 'en plaque' meningiomas. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 100:1113-1120. 1997 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Goodall, K. L., J. Hill, and E. M. Talbot. 1997. Assessment of coral evplant vascularisation utilising 3 dimensional single photon emission computerised tomography (3D spect). Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 38. 1997 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Matthews, J. B., J. A. Smith, and B. J. Hrnjez. 1997. Effects of F-actin stabilization or disassembly on epithelial Cl- secretion and Na-K-2Cl cotransport. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology 272:C254-C262. 1997 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Ohgushi, H. 1997. Coral derived porous framework having different chemical compositions as a scaffold for osteoblastic differentiation. Materials Science Forum 250:209-220. 1997 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Riddle, Dana. 1997. Water motion in the reef aquarium, part II. Aquarium Frontiers 4:12-24. 1997 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Vallejo, B.M. Jr. 1997. An overview of the Philippine marine aquarium fish industry. Pages 1981-6 in Proceedings of the 8th Int Coral Reef Sym. 1997 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
White, E. W. 1997. Biomaterials innovation: It's a long road to the operating room. Materials Research Innovations 1:57-63. 1997 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C. 1997 Global; Tanzania; Maldives; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; Southeast Asia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Germany Lab Study; GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Live Collection; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Zhang, D., J. Lin, and R. L. Creswell. 1997. Effect of eyestalk ablation on molt cycle and reproduction in the banded coral shrimp, Stenopus hispidus (Oliver). Journal of Shellfish Research 16:363-366. 1997 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Carte, B. K. 1996. Biomedical Potential of Marine Natural Products. Bioscience 46:271-286. 1996 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Invertebrates; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chen, L., W. Klaes, and S. Assenmacher. 1996. A comparative morphometric and histologic study of five bone substitute materials. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 76:527-530. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
De Peretti, F., C. Trojani, P. M. Cambas, R. Loubiere, and C. Argenson. 1996. Coral Graft As Support In The Surgical Treatment Of Articular Traumatic Depression [Le Corail Comme Soutien D'Un Enfoncement Articulaire Traumatique. Etude Prospective Au Membre Inferieur De 23 Cas]. Revue de Chirurgie Orthopedique et Reparatrice de l'Appareil Moteur 82:234-240. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Fenical, W. 1996. Marine biodiversity and the medicine cabinet: the status of new drugs from marine organisms. Oceanography 9:23-27. 1996 Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gao, T., T. S. Lindholm, A. Marttinen, and M. R. Urist. 1996. Composites of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and type IV collagen, coral-derived coral hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate ceramics. International Orthopaedics 20:321-325. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hay, M. E. and W. Fenical. 1996. Chemical ecology and marine biodiversity: insights and products from the sea. Oceanography 9:10-20. 1996 Global; Cuba Climate; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Jensen, S. S., M. Aaboe, E. M. Pinholt, E. Hjorting-Hansen, F. Melsen, and I. Eystein Ruyter. 1996. Tissue Reaction and Material Characteristics of Four Bone Substitutes. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants 11:55-66. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Leon, C. R., F. Serrano, and J. I. Barraquer. 1996. Fossil coralline hydroxyapatite orbital implant. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37. 1996 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Magan, A. and U. Ripamonti. 1996. Geometry of porous hydroxyapatite implants influences osteogenesis in baboons (Papio ursinus). Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 7:71-78. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Muller-Mai, C., C. Voigt, S. R. De Almeida Reis, H. Herbst, and U. M. Gross. 1996. Substitution of natural coral by cortical bone and bone marrow in the rat femur. Part II SEM, TEM, and in situ hybridization. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 7:479-488. 1996 Complex Habitat & Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Petite, H., K. Kacem, and J. T. Triffitt. 1996. Adhesion, growth and differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells on non-porous calcium carbonate and plastic substrata: Effects of dexamethasone and 1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 7:665-671. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Pettit GR and Taylor SR. 1996. Synthesis of the marine sponge cycloheptapeptide stylopeptide 1. Journal of Organic Chemistry 61:2322-2325. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Poulsen, A. L. 1996. Coral reef gastropods - A sustainable resource? Pacific Conservation Biology 2:142-145. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Commercial Fisheries; Molluscs; Resource Use Management
Preidler, K. W., S. M. Lemperle, R. E. Holmes, C. J. Calhoun, E. C. Shors, J. Brossmann, and D. J. Sartoris. 1996. Coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes: Evaluation of bone density with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Investigative Radiology 31:716-723. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Sammarco, P. W. 1996. Comments on coral reef regeneration, bioerosion, biogeography, and chemical ecology: Future directions. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 200:135-168. 1996 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Review Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment
Sivakumar, M., T. S. Sampath Kumar, K. L. Shantha, and K. Panduranga Rao. 1996. Development of hydroxyapatite derived from Indian coral. Biomaterials 17:1709-1714. 1996 India Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Smith, J. M. B. 1996. Notes on coral-trees (Erythrina) in Australia with particular reference to E. crista-galli L. in New South Wales. Australian Geographical Studies 34:225-236. 1996 South & Central America; Australia Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Invasive Species
Vuola, J., H. Goransson, T. Bohling, and S. Asko-Seljavaara. 1996. Bone marrow induced osteogenesis in hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate implants. Biomaterials 17:1761-1766. 1996 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ates, Ron. 1995. Colonial anemones - Zoantharia: a review for the seriously interested marine aquarist. Aquarium Frontiers 2:10-13. 1995 Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Brockman, Dieter, and Alf Jacob Nilsen. 1995. A critical comparison of methods for dosing calcium in sea aquariums, Part 1. Aquarium Frontiers 2:2-25. 1995 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Brockman, Dieter, and Alf Jacob Nilsen. 1995. A critical comparison of methods for dosing calcium in sea aquariums, Part 2. Aquarium Frontiers 2:2-27. 1995 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
De Rosa, S., G. Cimino, A. De Giulio, A. Milone, A. Crispino, and C. Iodice. 1995. A new bioactive eunicellin-type diterpene from the gorgonian Eunicella cavolini. Natural Product Letters 7:259-265. 1995 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Huang, H. and C. J. Forsyth. 1995. Anti selective spirocarbomercuration: Synthesis and stereochemistry of the spirobicyclic sesquiterpenes spirojatamol and erythrodiene. Journal of Organic Chemistry 60:2773-2779. 1995 South & Central America; India; Caribbean Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Klein, B. Y., S. Jaber, M. Liebergall, H. Ben-Bassat, and I. Leichter. 1995. Mineral composition analysis by Fourier transform infrared in coral bone implants. European Journal of Experimental Musculoskeletal Research 4:21-26. 1995 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Kumar, T. S. SA MP AT H, M. Sivakumar, N. PR AS AN TH Kumar, K. SE NT HA MI L Selvi, and K. Panduranga Rao. 1995. Preparation and properties of bioactive coralline hydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite - zirconia composites. in IEEE/ Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 1995 India Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Leitha, T., A. Staudenherz, and U. Scholz. 1995. Three-phase hone scintigraphy of hydroxyapatite ocular implants. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 22:308-314. 1995 Model Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Lodde, J.-P. 1995. Biomaterials In Plastic And Maxillofacial Surgery [Les Biomateriaux En Chirurgie Plastique Et Maxillo-Faciale]. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthetique 40:676-689. 1995 Field Study & Monitoring Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Maragos, J. E. and C. W. Cook Jr. 1995. The 1991-1992 rapid ecological assessment of Palau's coral reefs. Coral Reefs 14:237-252. 1995 Palau Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
McNab, A. 1995. Hydroxyapatite orbital implants: Experience with 100 cases. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology 23:117-123. 1995 Medical Centers; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Mora, F. and J. P. Ouhayoun. 1995. Clinical evaluation of natural coral and porous hydroxyapatite implants in periodontal bone lesions: results of a 1-year follow-up. Journal of clinical periodontology 22:877-884. 1995 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sampath Kumar, T. S., M. Sivakumar, N. P. Kumar, K. S. Selvi, and K. P. Rao. 1995. Synthesis and characterization of bioactive hydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite solid solutions using corals. Bulletin of Materials Science 18:955-961. 1995 India Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Senderowicz, A. M., G. Kaur, E. Saina, C. Lang, W. D. Inman, J. Rodriguez, P. Crews, L. Malspeis, M. R. Grever, E. A. Sausville, and K. L. K. Duncan. 1995. Jasplakinolide�s inhibition of the growth of prostate carcinoma cells in vitro with disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87:46-51. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Shimek, Ronald L. 1995. What benefit does strontium supplementation off the reef aquarium? Aquarium Frontiers 2:7-13. 1995 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Spotte, S. and P. M. Bubucis. 1995. Visual censusing of two coral fishes important to the marine aquarium trade. Conservation Biology 9:1304-1306. 1995 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Alpaslan, C., G. Alpaslan, and T. Oygur. 1994. Bone reaction to subperiosteally implanted hydroxyapatite/collagen/glycosaminoglycans and coral in the guinea pig. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 77:335-340. 1994 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Damien, C. J., J. L. Ricci, P. Christel, H. Alexander, and J.-L. Patat. 1994. Formation of a calcium phosphate-rich layer on absorbable calcium carbonate bone graft substitutes. Calcified Tissue International 55:151-158. 1994 Europe Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Delbeek, J.C., J. Sprung. 1994. Alternative Filtration Systems. Pages 142-147 The Reef Aquarium: A Comprehensive Guide to the Identification and Care of Tropical Marine Invertebrates. Ricordea Publishing. 1994 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Invertebrates
Grace, K. J. S., D. Zavortink, and R. S. Jacobs. 1994. Inactivation of bee venom phospholipase A2 by a sesquiterpene furanoic acid marine natural product. Biochemical Pharmacology 47:1427-1434. 1994 Cuba Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Konig, G. M., A. D. Wright, O. Sticher, C. K. Angerhofer, and J. M. Pezzuto. 1994. Biological activities of selected marine natural products. Planta Medica 60:532-537. 1994 Algae; Molluscs; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Oestreicher, J. H. 1994. Treatment of exposed coral implant after failed scleral patch graft. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 10:110-113. 1994 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Proksch, P. 1994. Defensive roles for secondary metabolites from marine sponges and sponge-feeding nudibranchs. Toxicon 32:639-655. 1994 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Salm, R. 1994. Coral's hidden riches. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:19-21. 1994 Indian Ocean; India Model Aquaculture; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Forestry; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Scheuer, P. J. 1994. From the rainforest to the reef: Searching for bioactive natural products in the mid-pacific. Medicinal Research Reviews 14:487-503. 1994 US Pacific & Hawaii Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Shields, C. L., J. A. Shields, P. De Potter, and A. D. Singh. 1994. Problems with the hydroxyapatite orbital implant: Experience with 250 consecutive cases. British Journal of Ophthalmology 78:702-706. 1994 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Su,. 1994. Erratum: Lobocalone: A novel secondary metabolite from the soft coral Lobophytum caledonense (Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia) (1993) 56 (279)). Journal of Natural Products (Lloydia) 57:1765. 1994 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Weber, G., G. Robaye, F. Braye, H. Oudadesse, and J. L. Irigaray. 1994. PIXE study of the kinetics of biomaterials ossification. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 89:200-203. 1994 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Begley, C. T., M. J. Doherty, D. P. Hankey, and D. J. Wilson. 1993. The culture of human osteoblasts upon bone graft substitutes. Bone 14:661-666. 1993 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Fenical, W. 1993. Chemical studies of marine bacteria: developing a new resource. Chemical Reviews 93:1673-1683. 1993 Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment
Khavari, F. and P. K. Bajpai. 1993. Coralline-sulfate bone substitutes. Pages 65-69 in Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation. 1993 Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Paul, V. J., J. M. Cronan Jr., and J. H. Cardellina II. 1993. Isolation of new brominated sesquiterpene feeding deterrents from tropical green alga Neomeris annulata (Dasycladaceae: Chlorophyta). Journal of Chemical Ecology 19:1847-1860. 1993 US Pacific & Hawaii; Bermuda; Guam Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Small Herbivorous Fish
Pawlik, J. R. 1993. Marine invertebrate chemical defenses. Chemical Reviews 93:1911-22. 1993 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Invertebrates; Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Prins, H. H. T. and J. Wind. 1993. Research for nature conservation in south-east Asia. Biological Conservation 63:43-46. 1993 Indonesia Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Wetlands
Rodier-Bruant, C., A. Wilk, D. Herman, and A. Manunta. 1993. Use of a new malleable implant as a bone substitute in maxillofacial surgery. Advances in Therapy 10:142-150. 1993 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Shields, C. L., J. A. Shields, P. De Potter, A. D. Singh, J. D. Bullock, R. C. Troutman, R. E. Kennedy, R. G. Small, B. Haik, W. B. Anderson, B. Straatsma, W. R. Green, and R. C. Drews. 1993. Lack of complications of the hydroxyapatite orbital implant in 250 consecutive cases. Pages 177-195 in Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. 1993 Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Danilowicz, B. S. and C. L. Brown. 1992. Rearing methods for two damselfish species: Dascyllus albisella (Gill) and D. aruanus (L.). Aquaculture 106:141-149. 1992 Algae; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish
Edwards, A. J. and A. D. Shepherd. 1992. Environmental implications of aquarium-fish collection in the Maldives, with proposals for regulation. Environmental Conservation 19:61-72. 1992 Maldives Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Special Use Permitting
Pajaro, M. 1992. Alternatives to cyanide use in aquarium fish collection: A community based approach. Pages 1039-40 in Proceedings of the 7th Int Coral Reef Sym. 1992 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish
Paul, Valerie J. 1992. Chemical defenses of benthic marine invertebrates. Pages 164-89 in Valerie J Paul, editor. Ecological Roles of Marine Natural Products. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca. 1992 Invertebrates; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Pawlik, Joseph R. 1992. Induction of marine invertebrate larval settlement: evidence for chemical cues. Pages 189-237 in Valerie J Paul, editor. Ecological Roles of Marine Natural Products. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca. 1992 Invertebrates; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ripamonti, U., S.-S. Ma, and A. H. Reddi. 1992. Induction of bone in composites of osteogenin and porous hydroxyapatite in baboons. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 89:731-739. 1992 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Uchio, Y., M. Kodama, S. Usui, and Y. Fukuzawa. 1992. Three new eunicellin-based diterpenoids from an Okinawan Cladiella species of soft coral. Tetrahedron Letters 33:1317-1320. 1992 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Weindling, S. M., C. L. Robinette, and R. E. Wesley. 1992. Porous hydroxyapatite in orbital reconstructive surgery, radiologic recognition of coral bone grafts. American Journal of Neuroradiology 13:239-240. 1992 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kobayashi, M., M. Hori, K. Kan, T. Yasuzawa, M. Matsui, S. Suzuki, and I. Kitagawa. 1991. Marine natural products. XXVII. Distribution of lanostane-type triterpene oligoglycosides in ten kinds of Okinawan sea cucumbers. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39:2282-2287. 1991 Japan Echinoderms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Light, M. and I. O. Kanat. 1991. The possible use of coralline hydroxyapatite as a bone implant. Journal of Foot Surgery 30:472-476. 1991 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Ripamonti, U. 1991. The morphogenesis of bone in replicas of porous hydroxyapatite obtained from conversion of calcium carbonate exoskeletons of coral. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A 73:692-706. 1991 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Smart, P. L. 1991. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. Pages 128-160 Quaternary dating methods - a user's guide. 1991 Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sediment
Delbeek, J. Charles. 1990. Reef aquariums part 6: coral aggression. Aquarium Fish 2:26-32. 1990 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Delbeek, J. Charles. 1990. Stocking the reef aquarium: Coral compatibility. Aquarium Fish 1990 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Guerriero,. 1990. Erratum: Hydroxyicosatetraenoic, hydroxyicosapentaenoic, hydroxydocosapentaenoic, and hydroxydocosahexaenoic acids from the sponge Echinochalina mollis of the coral sea (Journal of natural products (1990) 53, (57-61)). Journal of Natural Products 53:1181. 1990 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Wisniewski, John. 1990. "Fireworms in the Marine Aquarium". Marine Fish Monthly 22. 1990 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Marine Worms
Anon,. 1988. American Pavilion Mimics The Oceans|. Indian Concrete Journal 62:114-115. 1988 Florida Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Plankton
Jamshidi, K., T. Shimizu, Y. Usui, R. C. Eberhart, and V. Mooney. 1988. Resorbable structured porous materials in the healing process of hard tissue defects. ASAIO Transactions 34:755-760. 1988 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Morrissey, J., M.S. Jones, and V. Harriot. 1988. Nutrient cycling in the Great Barrier Reef Aquarium. Pages 563-7 in Proceedings of the 6th Int Coral Reef Sym. 1988 Australia Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Nutrients
Tencer, A. F., P. L. Woodard, J. Swenson, and K. L. Brown. 1988. Mechanical and bone ingrowth properties of a polymer-coated, porous, synthetic, coralline hydroxyapatite bone-graft material. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 523:157-172. 1988 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Foster, S. A. 1987. The relative impacts of grazing by caribbean coral reef fishes and Diadema: effects of habitat and surge. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105:20-Jan. 1987 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Large Herbivorous Fish; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Hughes, DO NA LD. 1987. Briny Deep Comes Ashore. Civil engineering New York, N.Y57:50-52. 1987 Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Plankton
Kitagawa, I., Z. Cui, and SO N Byeng Wha. 1987. Marine natural products XVII. Nephtheoxydiol, a new cytotoxic hydroperoxy-germacrane sesquiterpene, and related sesquiterpenoids from an okinawan soft coral of Nephthea sp. (Nephtheidae). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35:124-135. 1987 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sartoris, D. J., R. E. Holmes, and R. W. Bucholz. 1987. Coralline hydroxyapatite bone-graft substitutes in a canine diaphyseal defect model. Radiographic-histometric correlation. Investigative Radiology 22:590-596. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Zimmer-Faust, R. K. and E. Spanier. 1987. Gregariousness and sociality in spiny lobsters: implications for den habitation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 105:57-71. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Coll, John C., et. al. 1986. Studies of Australian soft corals - The natural products chemistry of Alcyonacean soft corals with special reference to the. Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges 95:815-34. 1986 Australia Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Holmes, R. E., R. W. Bucholz, and V. Mooney. 1986. Porous hydroxyapatite as a bone-graft substitute in metaphyseal defects. A histometric study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A 68:904-911. 1986 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Kaul, P. N. and P. Daftari. 1986. Marine pharmacology: bioactive molecules from the sea. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 26:117-142. 1986 Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sartoris, D. J., D. H. Gershuni, and W. H. Akeson. 1986. Coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes: Preliminary report of radiographic evaluation. Radiology 159:133-137. 1986 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sartoris, D. J., R. E. Holmes, and A. F. Tencer. 1986. Coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes in a canine metaphyseal defect model: Radiographic-biomechanical correlation. Skeletal Radiology 15:635-641. 1986 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sartoris, D. J., R. E. Holmes, R. W. Bucholz, and D. Resnick. 1986. Coralline hydroxyapatite bone graft substitutes in a canine diaphyseal defect model: Radiographic features of failed and successful union. Skeletal Radiology 15:642-647. 1986 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
White, E. and E. C. Shors. 1986. Biomaterial aspects of Interpore-200 porous hydroxyapatite. Dental clinics of North America 30:49-67. 1986 Model Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Pfeffer, R. A. and G. W. Tribble. 1985. Hurricane effects on an aquarium fish fishery in the Hawaiian Islands. in IN: PROC. FIFTH INT. CORAL REEF CONGRESS, (MOOREA, FRENCH POLYNESIA: MAY 27-JUN. 1, 1985). 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Sakai, IT SU O, NO BU O Takai, and TA KE O Kondo. 1985. Improvement And Construction Of Coastal Fishing Grounds In Japan. Pages 2239-2248 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Products
Tencer, A. F., V. Mooney, K. L. Brown, and P. A. Silva. 1985. Compressive properties of polymer coated synthetic hydroxyapatite for bone grafting. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 19:957-969. 1985 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Huxley, A. 1984. Green inheritance: the world wildlife fund book of plants. Collins/Harvill, London. 1984 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mehta, G. and A. N. Murty. 1984. Total synthesis of the marine natural product (±)-precapnelladiene. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications 16:1058-1060. 1984 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Fisher, W. S. 1983. Eggs of Palaemon macrodactylus: II. association with aquatic bacteria. Biological Bulletin 162:201-213. 1983 Lab Study Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Fisher, W. S. 1983. Eggs of Palaemon macrodactylus: III. infection by the fungus, Lagenidium callinectes. Biological Bulletin 162:214-226. 1983 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Fisher, W. S. and W. H. Clark Jr. 1983. Eggs of Palaemon macrodactylus: I. attachment to the pleopods and formation of the outer investment coat. Biological Bulletin 162:189-200. 1983 Cuba Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kingston, J. F., N. Ang Ser, G. Gallacher, and A. G. Fallis. 1983. Studies in marine organic chemistry: marine natural products from invertebrates found in newfoundland waters and approaches to the total synthesis of sinularene and 12-acetoxysinularene. Marine Chemistry 12:147-157. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Polunin, N. V. C. 1983. Marine 'genetic resources' and the potential role of protected areas in conserving them. Environmental Conservation 10:31-41. 1983 Review Aquaculture; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Fenical, W. 1982. Natural products chemistry in the marine environment. Science 215:923-928. 1982 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Gerwick, W. H. and W. Fenical. 1981. Ichthyotoxic and cytotoxic metabolites of the tropical brown alga Stypopodium zonale (Lamouroux) papenfuss. Journal of Organic Chemistry 46:22-27. 1981 South & Central America; Caribbean Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sea Urchins
Keith, R. E. 1981. Loss of therapeutic copper in closed marine systems. Aquaculture 24:355-362. 1981 Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Buckle, P. J., B. A. Baldo, and K. M. Taylor. 1980. The anti-inflammatory activity of marine natural products - 6-n-tridecylsalicylic acid, flexibilide and dendalone 3-hydroxybutyrate. Agents and Actions 10:361-367. 1980 Model Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Prota, Giuseppe. 1980. Nitrogenous pigments in marine invertebrates. Pages 141-80 in Paul J Scheuer, editor. Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological perspectives, Vol III,. Academic Press, New York. 1980 Invertebrates; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yamada, Y., S. Suzuki, and K. Iguchi. 1980. Studies on marine natural products. II. New polyhydroxylated sterols from the soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum (Ehrenberg). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 28:473-478. 1980 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yamada, Y., S. Suzuki, K. Iguchi, H. Kikuchi, Yasumasa, Tsukitani, H. Horiai, and F. Shibayama. 1980. Studies on marine natural products. IV The stereochemistry of 13-membered carbocyclic cembranolide diterpenes from the soft coral lobophytum pauciflorum (Ehrenberg). Tetrahedron Letters 21:3911-3914. 1980 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hildemann, W. H., C. H. Bigger, and I. S. Johnston. 1979. Histoincompatibility reactions and allogeneic polymorphism among invertebrates. Pages 1136-1142 in Transplantation Proceedings. 1979 Echinoderms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Holmes, R. E. 1979. Bone regeneration within a coralline hydroxyapatite implant. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 63:626-633. 1979 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Schmitz, F. J., K. H. Hollenbeak, and R. S. Prasad. 1979. Marine natural products: Cytotoxic spermidine derivatives from the soft coral Sinularia brongersmai. Tetrahedron Letters 3387-3390. 1979 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Fenical, William. 1978. Diterpenoids. Pages 173-246 in Paul J Scheuer, editor. Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological perspectives, Vol II. Academic Press, London. 1978 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Goad, L.J. 1978. The sterols of marine invertebrates: composition, biosynthesis, and metabolites. in Paul J Scheuer, editor. Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives Vol II. Academic Press, New York. 1978 Invertebrates; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Liaaen-Jensen, Synnove. 1978. Marine carotenoids. Pages 2-70 in Paul J Scheuer, editor. Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Vol II. Academic Press, New York. 1978 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Tursch, B., et. al. 1978. Terpenoids from coelenterates. Pages 247-95 in Paul J Scheuer, editor. Marine Natural Products: Chemical and Biological Perspectives, Vol II,. Academic Press, New York. 1978 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Vanderah, D. J., N. Rutledge, F. J. Schmitz, and L. S. Ciereszko. 1978. Marine natural products: Cembrene-A and cembrene-C from a soft coral, Nephthea sp. Journal of Organic Chemistry 43:1614-1616. 1978 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Vanderah, D. J., P. A. Steudler, L. S. Ciereszko, F. J. Schmitz, J. D. Ekstrand, and D. Van Der Helm. 1977. Marine natural products. Xenicin: A diterpenoid possessing a nine-membered ring from the soft coral, Xenia elongata. Journal of the American Chemical Society 99:5780-5784. 1977 Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chiroff, R. T., E. W. White, J. N. Weber, and D. M. Roy. 1975. Tissue ingrowth of Replamineform implants. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9:29-45. 1975 Manufacturing & Trade; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Lubbock, H. R. and N. V. C. Polunin. 1975. Conservation and the tropical marine aquarium trade. Environmental Conservation 2:229-232. 1975 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Kenya; Mauritius; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Saudi Arabia; Japan; Indonesia; Philippines; Taiwan; Caribbean; France; Germany Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Complex Habitat & Resources; Invasive Species
White, E. W., J. N. Weber, and D. M. Roy. 1975. Replamineform porous biomaterials for hard tissue implant applications. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9:23-27. 1975 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Roy, D. M. and S. K. Linnehan. 1974. Hydroxyapatite formed from coral skeletal carbonate by hydrothermal exchange. Nature 247:220-222. 1974 Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Schmitz, F. J., D. J. Vanderah, and L. S. Ciereszko. 1974. Marine natural products: Nephthenol and epoxynephthenol acetate, cembrene derivatives from a soft coral. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications 10:407-408. 1974 US Pacific & Hawaii Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Hildemann, W. H. and A. L. Reddy. 1973. Phylogeny of immune responsiveness: marine invertebrates. Pages 2188-2194 in Federation Proceedings. 1973 Model Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Bergmann, W., M. J. McLean, and D. Lester. 1943. Contributions to the study of marine products. XIII. Sterols from various marine invertebrates. Journal of Organic Chemistry 8:271-282. 1943 Boring Sponges; Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Octocoral; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Tunicates
Barthelemy, D. Chapter 37: Progress in sexual coral reproduction at Oceanopolis. Pages 339-346 in Leewis, R. J., and M. Janse, editors. Advances in Coral Husbandry in Public Aquariums. Public Aquarium Husbandry Series. Vol 2. Burgers' Zoo, Arnhem, the Netherlands. Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Stony Coral
Folmer, F., M. Jaspars, G. Solano, S. Cristofanon, E. Henry, J. Tabudravu, K. Black, D. H. Green, F. C. Kupper, W. Aalbersberg, K. Feussner, M. Dicato, and M. Diederich. The inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation by marine natural products. Biochemical Pharmacology. Oman; Fiji Echinoderms; Octocoral; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
Jalal, K. F. Regional water resources situation: quantitative and qualitative aspects. in [No source information available]. Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nordt, S. P., J. Wu, S. Zahller, R. F. Clark, and F. L. Cantrell. Palytoxin Poisoning After Dermal Contact with Zoanthid Coral. Journal of Emergency Medicine 0. Oman Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Corporate Response: Invest & Co-finance Projects Investing and co-financing projects that aim to conserve or restore habitats can be an effective means to preserving reef habitats as well as establishing positive working relationships between organizations. Investing in private sector projects will promote desired businesses and business practices, reducing barriers to entry and competitiveness as compared to traditional businesses and business practices to counterbalance advantages from undesired externalities. World Bank Group. 2008. Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation. Nature based solutions from the world bank portfolio. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC.

Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biomedical Research Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Products; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Economic Markets & Policy: Regulate International Trade of Reef Species Many coral reef species are harvested internationally for a variety of markets including the aquarium trade, food, curios, jewelry and pharmaceuticals. The US is the largest importer for many of these markets. The US strictly limits extraction of stony coral and many reef species in its waters; but as a major importer and consumer of coral reef species, more actions can be taken to decrease the demand on international imports. Setting and enforcing regulations on what can be imported (such as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CITES) is one approach that has been taken. More information is needed, leaving room to collect trade data and assess the impacts of extraction techniques to find sustainable methods. Demand for species collected this way will be increased with greater transparency to consumers, which can be accomplished through certifications for environmentally cognoscente collectors and those using alternatives like aquaculture and coral farming. Continued participation in Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is also beneficial. U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. International Trade in Coral and Coral Reef Species: The Role of the United States. Report of the Trade Subgroup of the International Working Group to the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, Washington, D.C.

World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Designate Protected Species; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Products; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Political Pressure; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Sponges; Stony Coral; Toxics; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Marine Zoning: Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs) This is a type of Marine Zoning used by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). SPAs focus on the protection of shallow, heavily used reefs where conflicts occur between user groups, and where concentrated visitor activity leads to resource degradation. They are designed to enhance the reproductive capabilities of renewable resources, protect areas critical for sustaining and protecting important marine species, and reduce user conflicts in high-use areas. This is accomplished through a prohibition of consumptive activities within these areas. They have been chosen based on the status of important habitat, the ability of a particular area to sustain and protect the habitat, the level of visitor use, and the degree of conflict between consumptive and non-consumptive users. The actual size and location of these zones have been determined by examination of user patterns, aerial photography, and ground-truthing of specific habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artisanal Fishing; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Landscape Changes; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Small Boats; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Monitor & Research: Survey and Collect Anecdotal Information Anecdotal information is to be solicited from experts and amateur public participation through surveys and workshops. Persons of interest include fishermen, recreational divers, recreational dive facilities, salvors and other locals with knowledge of marine resources in the area. Information they provide can help identify marine cultural and natural resources and help update resource inventory. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Products; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Water Transportation
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Dredging Regulations Dredging is oftentimes prohibited with certain exceptions. Dredging regulation often falls under other controls over the alteration of the seabed, discharging or depositing materials. At times dredging is necessary for navigation or other activities, necessitating .permitting mechanisms for allowing otherwise prohibited activities. Revising the regulations to help eliminate negative dredge-and-fill activities within a certain distance of corals would be beneficial because it would help promote the reestablishment of sensitive benthic communities. Reservoirs may require periodic dredging to remove sediment that may have collected. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sand & Rock Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Transportation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Transportation
Resource Use Management: Seasonal Fisheries and Harvesting Finfish and shellfish stocks may be more or less susceptible to fishing pressures during certain times of the year. This may be due to seasonality of recruitment and/or changes in food/predation pressures. If fishing restrictions may be more successful if this seasonality is taken into consideration and fishing pressure adjusted accordingly. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Permitting & Zoning; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Catch Quotas Quotas designate the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) allocated to an operating unit such as a country, a vessel, a company or an individual fisherman (individual quota) depending on the system of allocation. Quotas may or may not be transferable, inheritable, and tradable. While generally used to allocate total allowable catch, quotas could be used also to allocate fishing effort or biomass. Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Resource Use Management: Develop Regulations for Sponge Fisheries Sponges play a vital role on reefs, providing structure, food and filtration. Depending on the method of removal, this process can be very destructive to other reef fauna and habitat. Research is needed to compare impacts of different sponge fishing methods in different areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boring Sponges; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Culture; Cyanobacteria; Educational & Research Opportunities; Encrusting Sponges; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Resource Use Management: Develop Live Collection Regulations Live collection is often more destructive than capture of food fishes because of the destructive methods used to remove live fish and invertebrates from the reef habitat. These methods include use of cyanide and explosives. Current methods should be assessed and alternatives should be developed or collection prohibited. World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Educational & Research Opportunities; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Resource Use Management: Designated Uses The water quality standards regulation requires that States and Tribes specify appropriate water uses to be achieved and protected. Appropriate uses are identified by taking into consideration the use and value of the water body for public water supply, for protection of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and for recreational, agricultural, industrial, and navigational purposes. In designating uses for a water body, States and Tribes examine the suitability of a water body for the uses based on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the water body, its geographical setting and scenic qualities, and economic considerations. Each water body does not necessarily require a unique set of uses. Instead, the characteristics necessary to support a use can be identified so that water bodies having those characteristics can be grouped together as supporting particular uses. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Environmental Protection Agency. What are Water Quality Standards? Designated Uses. Water: Water Quality Standards Accessed 7/12/2011.

Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Marine Products; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Chapter 2: Protection of indigenous, endangered and threatened fish, wildlife and plants, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates activities, including scientific research, that could affect indigenous species and species considered at risk (threatened) or endangered, establishes species of special concern and habitats that should be protected, requires permits for trimming mangroves

Application to Coral Reefs:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Legislative Actions:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Lacey Act, 16 United States Code §§ 3372 et seq. The Act provides that it is unlawful for any person to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or purchase any fish or wildlifeor plant taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of any law, treaty, or regulation of the United States or in violation of any Indian tribal law whether in interstate or foreign commerce.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act makes possession, selling, transporting, importing, exporting, receiving, acquiring, and purchasing illegal under specific cases. Corals would be included.

Legislative Actions:Civil Penalties up to $10,000 per each violation or maximum criminal sanctions of $20,000 in fines and/or up to five years imprisonment. All plants and animals taken in violation of the Act are subject to forfeiture as well as all vessels, vehicles, aircraft, and other equipment used to aid in the importing, exporting, transporting, selling, receiving, acquiring, or purchasing of fish and wildlife or plants in a criminal violation for which a felony conviction is obtained where the owner should have known of the illegal transgression.

Comments: 		US Department of Agriculture/Us Border Patrol

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Aquarium Stock; Coral; Improved Technology; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Political Pressure; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade

Jump to main content.