ReefLink Database

Marine Birds
Marine birds are birds that live near, and depend on the ocean environment
CMap
CMap Description
Marine birds are contributors to cultural ecosystem services of coral reefs. Marine birds consume fish, invertebrates, and plankton. Disease causing microorganisms, and a disturbed physical & chemical environment will stress or kill marine birds. Socio-economic drivers lead to negative pressures on marine birds. The population of marine birds is directly decreased by accidental & illegal harvest, removal by feral cats, egg consumption by introduced rats; and indirectly by reduced habitat due to introduced herbivores. Biological monitoring & restoration is essential in identifying changes in the abundance and condition of marine birds; as well as determining appropriate responses to maintain the supply of ecosystem services and ensure the benefits to human health and well-being.Citations
Citation | Year | Study Location | Study Type | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mayr, CC; Forsterra, G; Haussermann, V; Wunderlich, A; Grau, J; Zieringer, M; Altenbach, AV. 2011. Stable isotope variability in a Chilean fjord food web: implications for N- and C-cycles. Marine Ecology Progress Series 428:89-104. | 2011 | Algae; Cyanobacteria; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Octocoral; Plankton; Salinity; Stony Coral | ||
Munoz, PD; Murillo, FJ; Sayago-Gil, M; Serrano, A; Laporta, M; Otero, I; Gomez, C. 2011. Effects of deep-sea bottom longlining on the Hatton Bank fish communities and benthic ecosystem, north-east Atlantic. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91:939-952. | 2011 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Littering; Marine Birds; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Nevitt, GA. 2011. The Neuroecology of Dimethyl Sulfide: A Global-Climate Regulator Turned Marine Infochemical. Integrative And Comparative Biology 51:819-825. | 2011 | Global | Lab Study | Algae; Climate; Marine Birds; Plankton; Special Use Permitting |
Russell, JC; Ringler, D; Trombini, A; Le Corre, M. 2011. The island syndrome and population dynamics of introduced rats. Oecologia 167:667-676. | 2011 | Mozambique; India | Marine Birds | |
Xu, LQ; Liu, XD; Sun, LG; Yan, H; Liu, Y; Luo, YH; Huang, J. 2011. Geochemical evidence for the development of coral island ecosystem in the Xisha Archipelago of South China Sea from four ornithogenic sediment profiles. Chemical Geology 286:135-145. | 2011 | China | Marine Birds; Nutrients; Sediment | |
Batianoff, G. N., G. C. Naylor, J. A. Olds, N. A. Fechner, and V. J. Neldner. 2010. Climate and Vegetation Changes at Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve, Coral Sea Islands, Australia. Pacific Science 64:73-92. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Climate; Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Batianoff, G. N., G. C. Naylor, R. J. Fensham, and V. J. Neldner. 2010. Characteristics of Coral Cay Soils at Coringa-Herald Coral Sea Islands, Australia. Pacific Science 64:335-347. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Marine Birds; Nutrients | |
Borsa, P., M. Pandolfi, S. Andrefouet, and V. Bretagnolle. 2010. Breeding Avifauna of the Chesterfield Islands, Coral Sea: Current Population Sizes, Trends, and Threats. Pacific Science 64:297-314. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Marine Birds | |
Brothers, N., A. R. Duckworth, C. Safina, and E. L. Gilman. 2010. Seabird Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Is Grossly Underestimated when Using Only Haul Data. PLoS One 5:e12491. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds | |
Devney, C. A., M. J. Caley, and B. C. Congdon. 2010. Plasticity of Noddy Parents and Offspring to Sea-Surface Temperature Anomalies. PLoS One 5:e11891. | 2010 | Marine Birds | ||
Elliott, K. H., A. Shoji, K. L. Campbell, and A. J. Gaston. 2010. Oxygen stores and foraging behavior of two sympatric, planktivorous alcids. Aquatic Biology 8:221-235. | 2010 | Cuba | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Birds | |
Lorentsen, S. H., K. Sjotun, and D. Gremillet. 2010. Multi-trophic consequences of kelp harvest. Biological Conservation 143:2054-2062. | 2010 | Norway | Field Study & Monitoring | Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Birds |
Schmidt, S., K. Mackintosh, R. Gillett, A. Pudmenzky, D. E. Allen, H. Rennenberg, and J. F. Mueller. 2010. Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at a tropical coral cay with high seabird density. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 12:460-465. | 2010 | Australia | Agriculture; Land & Air Transportation; Marine Birds; Nutrients | |
Shoji, A. M. and A. J. Gaston. 2010. Comparing Methods for Monitoring Nest Attendance in Ancient Murrelets. Waterbirds 33:260-263. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring | Marine Birds | |
Wallace, B. P., R. L. Lewison, S. L. McDonald, R. K. McDonald, C. Y. Kot, S. Kelez, R. K. Bjorkland, E. M. Finkbeiner, S. Helmbrecht, and L. B. Crowder. 2010. Global patterns of marine turtle bycatch. Conservation Letters [inpress]. | 2010 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Baling, M., D. Jeffries, N. Barre, and D. H. Brunton. 2009. A survey of Fairy Tern (Sterna nereis) breeding colonies in the Southern Lagoon, New Caledonia. Emu 109:57-61. | 2009 | Australia; New Caledonia | Marine Birds | |
Bruschetti, M., C. Bazterrica, T. Luppi, and O. Iribarne. 2009. An invasive intertidal reef-forming polychaete affect habitat use and feeding behavior of migratory and locals birds in a SW Atlantic coastal lagoon. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 375:76-83. | 2009 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Field Study & Monitoring | Invasive Species; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Marine Worms; Sediment |
Devney, C. A. and B. C. Congdon. 2009. Testing the efficacy of a boundary fence at an important tropical seabird breeding colony and key tourist destination. Wildlife Research 36:353-360. | 2009 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Marine Birds; Tourism & Recreation |
Devney, C. A., M. Short, and B. C. Congdon. 2009. Cyclonic and anthropogenic influences on tern populations. Wildlife Research 36:368-378. | 2009 | Australia | Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Devney, C. A., M. Short, and B. C. Congdon. 2009. Sensitivity of tropical seabirds to El Nino precursors. Ecology 90:1175-1183. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Marine Birds | |
Kamal, A. H. and M. A. A. Khan. 2009. Coastal and estuarine resources of Bangladesh: management conservation issues. Maejo International Journal Of Science And Technology 3:313-342. | 2009 | Discharges; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Martin-Smith, K. 2009. A Risk-Management Framework For Avoiding Significant Adverse Impacts Of Bottom Fishing Gear On Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Ccamlr Science 16:177-193. | 2009 | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Marine Birds; Scientific Research; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Pedersen, S. A., H. Fock, J. Krause, C. Pusch, A. L. Sell, U. Bottcher, S. I. Rogers, M. Skold, H. Skov, M. Podolska, G. J. Piet, and J. C. Rice. 2009. Natura 2000 sites and fisheries in German offshore waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:155-169. | 2009 | Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Rajakaruna, N., N. Pope, J. Perez-Orozco, and T. B. Harris. 2009. Ornithocoprophilous Plants Of Mount Desert Rock, A Remote Bird-Nesting Island In The Gulf Of Maine, Usa. Rhodora 111:417-447. | 2009 | Model | Marine Birds; Substrate | |
Zimmer, R. K., J. T. Fingerut, and C. A. Zimmer. 2009. Dispersal pathways, seed rains, and the dynamics of larval behavior. Ecology 90:1933-1947. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Plankton; Snails & Conch | |
Greenslade, P. 2008. Climate variability, biological control and an insect pest outbreak on Australia's Coral Sea islets: Lessons for invertebrate conservation. Journal of Insect Conservation 12:333-342. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; Seychelles; India; Samoa; Palmyra Atoll | Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Birds; Nutrients | |
O'Neill, P., C. D. T. Minton, I. C. T. Nisbet, and J. E. Hines. 2008. Annual recapture and survival rates of two non-breeding adult populations of Roseate Terns Sterna dougallii captured on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and estimates of their population sizes. Waterbirds 31:338-345. | 2008 | Australia | Model | Marine Birds |
Watanuki, Y., F. Daunt, A. Takahashi, M. Newell, S. Wanless, K. Sato, and N. Miyazaki. 2008. Microhabitat use and prey capture of a bottom-feeding top predator, the European shag, shown by camera loggers. Marine Ecology Progress Series 356:283-293. | 2008 | Europe | Fish; Marine Birds; Octocoral | |
Erlandson, J. M., M. H. Graham, B. J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J. A. Estes, and R. S. Steneck. 2007. The kelp highway hypothesis: Marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2:161-174. | 2007 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan | Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins | |
Erwin, C. A. and B. C. Congdon. 2007. Day-to-day variation in sea-surface temperature reduces sooty tern Sterna fuscata foraging success on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 331:255-266. | 2007 | Global; Australia | Climate; Marine Birds | |
Pichel, W. G., J. H. Churnside, T. S. Veenstra, D. G. Foley, K. S. Friedman, R. E. Brainard, J. B. Nicoll, Q. Zheng, and P. Clemente-Colon. 2007. Marine debris collects within the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1207-1211. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Index or Indicator | Finfish Harvest; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Whales & Dolphins |
Quod, J. P., A. Barrere, P. Chabanet, P. Durville, J. B. Nicet, and R. Garnier. 2007. The status of the coral reefs of French Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean [La situation des recifs coralliens des Îles eparses Francaises de l'Ocean Indien]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 62:16-Mar. | 2007 | Global; Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Mayotte; India | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Marine Birds; Molluscs |
Thiel, M., E. C. Macaya, E. Acuna, W. E. Arntz, H. Bastias, K. Brokordt, P. A. Camus, J. C. Castilla, L. R. Castro, M. Cortes, C. P. Dumont, R. Escribano, M. Fernandez, J. A. Gajardo, C. F. Gaymer, I. Gomez, A. E. Gonzalez, H. E. Gonzalez, P. A. Haye, and J.-E. Illanes. 2007. The Humboldt Current System of northern and central Chile - Oceanographic processes, ecological interactions and socioeconomic feedback. Oceanography and Marine Biology 45:195-344. | 2007 | South & Central America | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Algae; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins |
Jost, C. H. and S. Andrefouet. 2006. Long-term natural and human perturbations and current status of Clipperton Atoll, a remote island of the Eastern Pacific. Pacific Conservation Biology 12:207-217. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Review; Remote Sensing | Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Nutrients |
Liu, X. D., S. P. Zhao, L. G. Sun, H. H. Luo, X. B. Yin, Z. Q. Xie, Y. H. Wang, K. X. Liu, X. H. Wu, X. F. Ding, and D. P. Fu. 2006. Geochemical evidence for the variation of historical seabird population on Dongdao Island of the South China Sea. Journal of Paleolimnology 36:259-279. | 2006 | China | Marine Birds; Sediment | |
Peck, D. R., C. A. Erwin, and B. C. Congdon. 2006. Variation in egg-size in the Wedge-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus). Emu 106:227-231. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Marine Birds | |
Richardson, S. L. 2006. Response of epiphytic foraminiferal communities to natural eutrophication in seagrass habitats off Man O'War Cay, Belize. Marine Ecology 27:404-416. | 2006 | South & Central America; Belize | Index or Indicator | Mangroves; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Seagrasses |
Albert, S., J.M. O'Neil, J.W. Udy, K.S. Ahern, C.M. O'Sullivan, W.C. Dennison. 2005. Blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula in coastal Queensland, Australia: disparate sites, common factors. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:428-437. | 2005 | Australia | Index or Indicator | Cyanobacteria; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients |
Bender, K. and R. Taylor. 2005. Oil spill contingency planning in Thailand. Page 5512 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. | 2005 | Thailand | Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation | |
Bourne, W. R. P., A. C. F. David, and I. A. W. McAllan. 2005. The birds of the southern Coral Sea including observations by HMS Herald in 1858-60. Atoll Research Bulletin 237-263. | 2005 | Marine Birds; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Cunningham, R. B. and D. B. Lindenmayer. 2005. Modeling count data of rare species: Some statistical issues. Ecology 86:1135-1142. | 2005 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds |
Dhalin, J. and J. Michel. 2005. Resource response guides. Page 7035 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. | 2005 | GIS & Maps | Bivalves; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Birds; Octopus & Squid; Petroleum Spills; Whales & Dolphins | |
Hunt Jr., G. L. and P. J. Stabeno. 2005. Oceanography and ecology of the Aleutian Archipelago: Spatial and temporal variation. Fisheries Oceanography 14:292-306. | 2005 | Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Plankton; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Jones, M., H. Heatwole, and P. O'Niell. 2005. Diel changes in numbers of seabirds occupying cays on the Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Atoll Research Bulletin 217-235. | 2005 | Australia | Marine Birds | |
Krupp, F. and O. Khushaim. 2005. The establishment of a marine wildlife sanctuary following the 1991 gulf war oil spill. Page 2611 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. | 2005 | Saudi Arabia; Europe | Mangroves; Marine Birds; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses | |
Peck, D. R. and B. C. Congdon. 2005. Colony-specific foraging behaviour and co-ordinated divergence of chick development in the wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 299:289-296. | 2005 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Marine Birds | |
Peterson, C. H. and M. J. Bishop. 2005. Assessing the environmental impacts of beach nourishment. Bioscience 55:887-896. | 2005 | Global | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Mitigation; Sea Turtles; Water Depth & Sea Level |
SeafoodWatch. 2005. Sustainable Seafood Business Practices. Monteray Bay. | 2005 | Global | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade |
Callaghan, R. 2004. An Underwater World. Elektron 21:60-62. | 2004 | Cuba | Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Birds; Piscivorous Fish; Small Boats | |
Enge, K. M., K. L. Krysko, K. R. Hankins, T. S. Campbell, and F. W. King. 2004. Status of the nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) in southwestern Florida. Southeastern Naturalist 3:571-582. | 2004 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Marine Birds; Sea Turtles |
Glynn, P. W. 2004. High complexity food webs in low-diversity eastern Pacific reef-coral communities. Ecosystems 7:358-367. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Molluscs; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Whales & Dolphins | |
Gyuris, E. 2004. An experimental investigation of the effects of human intrusion into breeding colonies of Bridled Terns Sterna anaethetus in the Great Barrier Reef. Pacific Conservation Biology 9:265-272. | 2004 | Australia | Marine Birds; Tourism & Recreation | |
Okey, T.A., G.A. Vargo, S. Mackinson, M. Vasconcellos, B. Mahmoudie, and C.A. Meyer. 2004. Simulating community effects of sea floor shading by plankton blooms over the West Florida Shelf. Ecological Modelling 172:339-359. | 2004 | Florida | Model | Complex Habitat & Resources; Invertebrates; Light; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production |
Peck, D. R. and B. C. Congdon. 2004. Reconciling historical processes and population structure in the sooty tern Sterna fuscata. Journal of Avian Biology 35:327-335. | 2004 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Marine Birds; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Peck, D. R., B. V. Smithers, A. K. Krockenberger, and B. C. Congdon. 2004. Sea surface temperature constrains wedge-tailed shearwater foraging success within breeding seasons. Marine Ecology Progress Series 281:259-266. | 2004 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Marine Birds | |
Schmidt, S., W. C. Dennison, G. J. Moss, and G. R. Stewart. 2004. Nitrogen ecophysiology of Heron Island, a subtropical coral cay of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Functional Plant Biology 31:517-528. | 2004 | Australia | Model | Algae; Marine Birds; Nutrients |
[No author name available]. 2003. News: Barents Sea under threat from oil developments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:681-682. | 2003 | Corporate Responses; Marine Birds; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Whales & Dolphins | ||
De Sloover, J. R. 2003. Terrestrial vegetation patterns and plant communities on Pacific coral cays. Scripta Botanica Belgica 24:155-167. | 2003 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Mangroves; Marine Birds; Skeletal Coral |
Gribble, N.A. 2003. GBR-prawn: modelling ecosystem impacts of changes in fisheries management of the commercial prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery in the far northern Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research 65:493-506. | 2003 | Australia | Model | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Smithers, B. V., D. R. Peck, A. K. Krockenberger, and B. C. Congdon. 2003. Elevated sea-surface temperature, reduced provisioning and reproductive failure of wedge-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 54:973-977. | 2003 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Model; Index or Indicator | Climate; Fish; Marine Birds |
Stapanian, M. A. and T. A. Waite. 2003. Species density of waterbirds in offshore habitats in western Lake Erie. Journal of Field Ornithology 74:381-393. | 2003 | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Birds; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Surman, C. A. and R. D. Wooller. 2003. Comparative foraging ecology of five sympatric terns at a sub-tropical island in the eastern Indian Ocean. Journal of Zoology 259:219-230. | 2003 | Australia; Indian Ocean; India | Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Octopus & Squid | |
Valette-Silver, N. J. and D. Scavia. 2003. Ecological Forecasting: New Tools for Coastal and Ecosystem Management. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 1. | 2003 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Williams, J. C., G. V. Byrd, and N. B. Konyukhov. 2003. Whiskered Auklets Aethia pygmaea, foxes, humans and how to right a wrong. Marine Ornithology 31:175-180. | 2003 | Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Plankton; Special Use Permitting | ||
[No author name available]. 2001. News: Protection for sponge gardens. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:4. | 2001 | Australia | Marine Birds; Sea Turtles; Sponges | |
Allmon, W. D. 2001. Nutrients, temperature, disturbance, and evolution: A model for the late Cenozoic marine record of the western Atlantic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 166:26-Sep. | 2001 | Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean | Review; Model | Marine Birds; Nutrients; Whales & Dolphins |
Anderson, A. 2001. No meat on that beautiful shore: The prehistoric abandonment of subtropical Polynesian islands. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11:14-23. | 2001 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Agriculture; Fish; Marine Birds; Whales & Dolphins | |
Jones, R. J. 2001. The status of seabird colonies on the Cook Islands atoll of Suwarrow. Bird Conservation International 11:309-318. | 2001 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Cook Islands | Aquaculture; Marine Birds | |
Skov, H. and E. Prins. 2001. Impact of estuarine fronts on the dispersal of piscivorous birds in the German Bight. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214:279-287. | 2001 | Marine Birds; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Carbone, F. and G. Accordi. 2000. The Indian Ocean Coast of Somalia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:141-159. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; India | Field Study & Monitoring | Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate |
Hardman-Mountford, N. J., K. A. Koranteng, and A. R. G. Price. 2000. The Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 773-796. | 2000 | Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Haskell, B. D., V. R. Leeworthy, P. C. Wiley, T. M. Beuttler, M. R. Haflich, J. Delaney, B. L. Richards, and E. Franklin. 2000. Final supplemental environmental impact statement and final supplemental management plan for the Tortugas Ecological Reserve. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. | 2000 | Florida | Algae; Fish; Marine Birds; Seagrasses; Sponges | |
Hill, B. J. and T. J. Wassenberg. 2000. The probable fate of discards from prawn trawlers fishing near coral reefs: A study in the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Fisheries Research 48:277-286. | 2000 | Australia | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Octopus & Squid; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Whales & Dolphins | |
Maragos, J. E. 2000. Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 791-812. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Pathogens; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Price, A. R. G. and S. Clark. 2000. The Maldives. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 199-219. | 2000 | Global; Seychelles; Maldives | Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 221-232. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India | Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Military; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation | |
Turner, J., C. Jago, D. Daby, and R. Klaus. 2000. The Mascarene Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 253-268. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Reunion; India | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands | |
Vuki, V. C., L. P. Zann, M. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. The Fiji Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 751-764. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji | Corallivorous Fish; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation | |
Vuki, V. C., S. Appana, M. R. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. Vanuatu. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 737-749. | 2000 | Vanuatu | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies |
Blaber, S. J. M., D. A. Milton, M. J. Farmer, and G. C. Smith. 1998. Seabird breeding populations on the far northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia: Trends and influences. Emu 98:44-57. | 1998 | Australia | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Marine Birds; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Ellison, J. C. 1998. Natural history of Bramble Cay, Torres Strait. Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-33. | 1998 | Australia; Europe | Mangroves; Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Hebshi, A. 1998. Foraging site preferences of Brandt's Cormorants off the Santa Cruz, California, coast. Waterbirds 21:245-250. | 1998 | Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Marine Birds; Substrate | ||
Jennings, S. and M. J. Kaiser. 1998. The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 201-352. | 1998 | Review | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Sea Urchins; Whales & Dolphins | |
Price, A. R. G. 1998. Impact of the 1991 Gulf War on the coastal environment and ecosystems: Current status and future prospects. Environment International 24:91-96. | 1998 | Review; Index or Indicator | Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation | |
Thewlis, R. M., R. J. Timmins, T. D. Evans, and J. W. Duckworth. 1998. The conservation status of birds in Laos: A review of key species. Bird Conservation International 8:1-159. | 1998 | Global; Thailand | Review | Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands |
Thompson, J. J. 1998. Interseasonal changes in shorebird habitat specialisation in Moreton Bay, Australia. Emu 98:117-126. | 1998 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Marine Birds; Seagrasses; Sediment |
Erzini, K., C. C. Monteiro, J. Ribeiro, M. N. Santos, M. Gaspar, P. Monteiro, and T. C. Borges. 1997. An experimental study of gill net and trammel net 'ghost fishing' off the Algarve (southern Portugal). Marine Ecology Progress Series 158:257-265. | 1997 | Model | Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Birds; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Robinet, O., S. Sirgouant, and V. Bretagnolle. 1997. Marine birds of d'Entrecasteaux Reefs (New Caledonia, Southwestern Pacific): Diversity, abundance, trends and threats. Waterbirds 20:282-290. | 1997 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia | Field Study & Monitoring | Marine Birds |
Ainley, D. G., L. B. Spear, S. G. Allen, and C. A. Ribic. 1996. Temporal and spatial patterns in the diet of the Common Murre in California waters. Condor 98:691-705. | 1996 | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Birds; Recreational Fishing | ||
Hunt Jr., G. L., K. O. Coyle, S. Hoffman, M. B. Decker, and E. N. Flint. 1996. Foraging ecology of short-tailed shearwaters near the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 141:11-Jan. | 1996 | Marine Birds; Plankton | ||
Hill, G. 1995. Tourism development and environmental limitations at Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef: A response. Journal of Environmental Management 45:91-99. | 1995 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Hotel & Food Services; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Staunton Smith, J. and C. R. Johnson. 1995. Nutrient inputs from seabirds and humans on a populated coral cay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 124:189-200. | 1995 | Australia | Marine Birds; Nutrients | |
Gabric, A. J. and P. R. F. Bell. 1993. Review of the effects of non-point nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:261-283. | 1993 | Review | Discharges; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Remediation; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins | |
Muir, F. and G. Chester. 1993. Managing tourism to a seabird nesting island. Tourism Management 14:99-105. | 1993 | Australia | Review | Marine Birds; Tourism & Recreation |
Price, A. R. G., C. R. C. Sheppard, and C. M. Roberts. 1993. The Gulf: Its biological setting. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:15-Sep. | 1993 | Global; Iran | Review | Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses |
Humphery-Smith, I., D. H. Cybinski, K. A. Byrnes, and T. D. St George. 1991. Seroepidemiology of arboviruses among seabirds and island residents of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Epidemiology and Infection 107:435-440. | 1991 | Australia; Johnston Atoll | Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Humphery-Smith, I., Y. H. Thong, D. Moorhouse, C. Creevey, M. Gauci, and B. Stone. 1991. Reactions to argasid tick bites by island residents on the Great Barrier Reef. Medical Journal of Australia 155:181-186. | 1991 | Australia | Arthropods; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light; Marine Birds | |
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and E. A. Titlyanov. 1991. Comparisons of N- and P-limited productivity between high granitic islands versus low carbonate atolls in the Seychelles Archipelago: a test of the relative-dominance paradigm. Coral Reefs 10:199-209. | 1991 | Seychelles | Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Primary Production | |
Mitchell, B. A. and J. R. Barborak. 1991. Developing coastal park systems in the tropics: planning in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Coastal Management 19:113-134. | 1991 | Global; Turks and Caicos | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Marine Birds; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins | |
Stoddart, D. R. and F. R. Fosberg. 1991. Phytogeography and vegetation of the reef islands of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Atoll Research Bulletin | 1991 | Australia | Mangroves; Marine Birds; Seagrasses | |
Walker, T. A. 1991. Pisonia islands of the Great Barrier Reef. Part I. The distribution, abundance and dispersal by seabirds of Pisonia grandis. Atoll Research Bulletin 23-Jan. | 1991 | Australia | Marine Birds | |
Brown, A. L. 1990. Measuring the effect of aircraft noise on sea birds. Environment International 16:587-592. | 1990 | Australia | Light; Marine Birds | |
Steadman, D. W. and P. V. Kirch. 1990. Prehistoric extinction of birds on Mangaia, Cook Islands, Polynesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87:9605-9609. | 1990 | Cook Islands | Marine Birds; Sediment | |
Hill, G. and J. Rosier. 1989. Wedgetailed shearwaters, white capped noddies and tourist development on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Journal of Environmental Management 29:107-114. | 1989 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Compredon, P. 1987. Reproduction of aquatic birds in the Banc d'Arguin National Park, Mauritania, 1984-1985 [La reproduction des oiseaux d'eau sur le Parc National du Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie), en 1984-1985]. Alauda 55:187-210. | 1987 | Marine Birds | ||
Boaden, P. J. S. and R. Seed. 1985. An introduction to coastal ecology. An introduction to coastal ecology. | 1985 | Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment | ||
Schneider, D. C. 1985. Predation on the urchin Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus) by migratory shorebirds on a tropical reef flat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 92:19-27. | 1985 | Panama | Marine Birds | |
Yelpatievsky, P. V. and V. O. Targulian. 1985. Geochemical paradoxes of the coral islands of the Pacific. Izvestiya - Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya 4:35-46. | 1985 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean | Field Study & Monitoring | Marine Birds |
Aharon, P. and H. H. Veeh. 1984. Isotope studies of insular phosphates explain atoll phosphatization. Nature 309:614-617. | 1984 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Climate; Marine Birds | |
Robert, P. K. and R. Mitchell. 1983. Environmental implications of wave energy proposals for the outer hebrides and Moray Firth. Ocean Engineering 10:459-469. | 1983 | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Shoreline Protection; Whales & Dolphins | ||
St. George, T. D., H. A. Standfast, and R. L. Doherty. 1977. The isolation of Saumarez Reef virus, a new flavivirus, from bird ticks Ornithodoros capensis and Ixodes eudyptidis in Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 55:493-499. | 1977 | Australia | Marine Birds |
Management Options
Management Option | Description | Sources | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Corporate Response: Standardized Environmental Certifications and Labels | Product labeling initiatives are based on the premise that product information represented by or contained on the label is otherwise not readily available (or apparent) and is of value in consumer purchase decisions. For example, warning labels highlight product safety and toxic exposure hazards and advise consumers on ways to minimize risks. Likewise, a number of environmental certification programs (ECPs) identify products' environmental burdens and/or set standards for products' environmental attributes. Properly designed environmental labeling efforts can change consumer and manufacturer attitudes and behaviors, thus reducing environmental burdens. The specific metrics used to measure environmental label effectiveness include: 1) consumer awareness of labels, 2) consumer acceptance of labels (credibility and understanding), 3) changes in consumer behavior, 4) changes in manufacturer behavior, and 5) improvement of end goals, such as environmental quality. | Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Forestry; Health; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Birds; Medical Care; Medical Centers; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Resource Use Management; Toxics; Transportation; Utilities; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Marine Zoning: Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) | Wildlife Management Areas include bird nesting, resting, or feeding areas, turtle nesting beaches, and other sensitive habitats including shallow flats that are important feeding areas for fish. These areas seek to provide protection for endangered/threatened species or their habitats while at the same time providing opportunity for public use. Wildlife Management Areas are achieved through placing and maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; implementing management responsibilities; adjusting existing zone boundaries if needed; evaluating allowable activities within the boundaries and make changes if needed; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; monitoring the effectiveness of current zones; and revising GIS and NOAA charts. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation; Wetlands |
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring | This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins |
Public Participation: Assist Wild Bird Rehabilitation | Many wildlife rescue organizations help and respond to injured birds including marine birds like sea gulls, pelicans, egrets, herons, osprey, and eagles. Collaborations with such organizations can be mutually beneficial as organization volunteers learn from training received from sanctuary staff. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Birds; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Laws
Legal Citation | Purpose of Law | Management Organization | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, 18-18 Florida Administrative Code. | 18-18.001 Intent.
(1) The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, the boundaries of which are fully described in Rule 18-18.002, F.A.C., was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.
(2) These rules shall apply to all lands public and private within the boundaries of the preserve. However, privately owned uplands shall be excluded from these rules except as otherwise provided for herein.
(3) In promulgating and implementing these rules, it is the intent of the Department to construe the provisions of Sections 258.397 and 258.35 through 258.46, F.S., together and to apply the more stringent statutory provisions for the maintenance of the preserve.
(4) The preserve shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals:
(a) To preserve, protect, and enhance Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserve through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program;
(b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserve so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating and fishing;
(c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the legislature in creating the preserve;
(d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the Act and these rules, to assist in managing the preserve;
(e) To encourage activities that protect or enhance the biological and aesthetic values of the preserve, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions towards their natural condition, when reviewing applications or developing and implementing management plans for the preserve;
(f) To preserve and promote indigenous life forms and habitats including but not limited to sponges, soft corals, hard corals, seagrasses, mangroves, mud flats, marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, marine mammals, tropical marine invertebrates, birds and shellfish;
(g) To acquire additional title interests in land wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological or aesthetic values of the preserve. Application to Coral Reefs:Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve protection of water quality will contribute to a lowering of contaminants leaving the preserve on tides and thus limiting the contaminants that reach off-shore ecosystems including the FKNMS and the reef system within the sanctuary. Legislative Actions: Comments:This chapter establishes the rules to protect the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, which was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: Designated Marine Areas |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986, 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. | Promote the conservations of wetlands for public benefit and to assist in the compliance with international obligations under various treaties and conventions for migratory birds. Application to Coral Reefs:Indirect application to protection of coral reefs through wetland functions of nutrient (particularly nitrogen) and sediment removal from land-based discharges prior to their entrance into open coastal waters. Legislative Actions:Authorizied the purchase of wetlands from the land and Water Conservation Fund monies. Required States to include wetlands in their Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans. Comments:Secretary of Interior was required to establish a National Wetland Priority Conservation Plan to identify the locations and types of wetlands that should be priorities for state and federal acquisition. The Act established various fee schedules for entering national wildlife refuges. |
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. | Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy. Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification. Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy. Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jurisdiction: United States |
Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980, 16 United States Code §§ 2901-2911. | Required the Service to monitor non-game bird and fish species, identify species of management concerns, and implement conservation measures to preclude the need for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Public Administration; Resource Use Management |
Florida Aquatic Preserves, 18-20 Florida Administrative Code. | 18-20.001 Intent.
(1) All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency.
(2) Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.
(3) The preserves shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance these exceptional areas of sovereignty submerged lands by reasonable regulation of
human activity within the preserves through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserves so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating, and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the Legislature in creating the preserves; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the act and these rules, and to assist in managing the preserves; (e) To encourage the protection, enhancement or restoration of the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions toward their natural condition, and discourage
activities which would degrade the aesthetic, biological, or scientific values, or the quality, or utility of a preserve, when reviewing applications, or when developing and implementing management plans for the preserves; (f) To preserve, promote, and utilize indigenous life forms and habitats, including but not limited to: sponges, soft coral, hard corals, submerged grasses, mangroves, salt water marshes, fresh water marshes, mud flats, estuarine, aquatic, and marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, estuarine, aquatic and marine invertebrates, estuarine, aquatic and marine mammals, birds, shellfish and mollusks; (g) To acquire additional title interests in lands wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological,
aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves; (h) To maintain those beneficial hydrologic and biologic functions, the benefits of which accrue to the public at large. (4) Nothing in these rules shall serve to eliminate or alter the requirements or authority of other governmental agencies, including counties and municipalities, to protect or enhance the preserves provided that such requirements or authority are not inconsistent with the act and this chapter. Application to Coral Reefs:By maintaining coastal aquatic preserves in their natural condition, mangrove forests, wetlands and submerged aquatic vegetation will perform the functions of being sediment traps and removing some contaminants such as nutrients. Therefore, they will not reach marine ecosystems including coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments:Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Waste Management Policies |
Mangrove Trimming and Preservation Act, 403.9321-403.9333 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). | It is the intent of the Legislature to protect and preserve mangrove resources valuable to our environmentand economy from unregulated removal, defoliation, and destruction. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and preservation of wetland systems, including mangroves, allow the systems to act as buffers to remove nutrients and sediment that could reach coral reefs and cause damage. Legislative Actions:Permits are required prior to any trimming. A Professional Mangrove Trimmer must be present when work is being performed. Penalties can include restoration and/or mitigation. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Non-Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 16 United States Code § 715. | The Act established a Federal prohibition, unless permitted by regulations, to pursue, hunt, take, capture, kill, attempt to take, capture or kill, possess, offer for sale, sell, offer to purchase, purchase, deliver for shipment, ship, caused to be shipped, deliver for transport, carry, or cause to be carried by any means whatever, receive for shipment, transport or carriage, or export, at any time,or in any manner, any migratory bird, included in the terms of this Convention�for the protection of migratory birds�or any part, nest, or egg of such a bird. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions:Recent amendments to the Act increased the fine for misdemeanor convictions from $5000 to $15,000. Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Designate Protected Species; Marine Birds; Resource Use Management |
National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1431-1445. | Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to designate and manage areas of the marine environment with special national significance due to their conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational, or esthetic qualities as National Marine Sanctuaries. Application to Coral Reefs:Protects marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels, or unique habitats. Legislative Actions:NOAA may impose civil penalties up tp $130,000 per day per violation. Criminal penalties were added in the 2000 amendments for interfering or resisting with any enforcement of the NMSA, or providing false information to the Secretary or any officer authorized to enforce NMSA. The 2000 amendments made it illegal to offer for sale, purchase, import, or export, any sanctuary resource and increased enforcement authority. Comments:There are 13 marine sanctuaries in the National Marine Sactuary System, six of which were created after 1990. Each sanctuary has a separarte staff and program in its local region. |
National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration Jurisdiction: Designated Marine Areas |
Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; CO2; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Corporate Responses; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Political Pressure; Recreational Opportunities; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands |
Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act of 2000, 16 United States Code § 6101. | Established a matching grant program to fund projects that promote the conservation of neotropical migratory birds in the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions:The Act provided competitive grants in Latin America, the Carribean, and the United States for neotropical migratory birds that winter south of the border and summer in North America. The law encourages habitat protection, education, research, monitoring, and capacity building to provide for long-term protection of neotropical migratory birds. Comments:Over 800 species of birds are found in the United States and 500 migrate South of the border for the winter. |
US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States; Latin America; Caribbean |
Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Birds; Public Administration |
North American Wetlands Conservation Act of 1989, 16 United States Code § 4411. | Provides funding and administrative direction for the implementation of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan and the Tripartite Agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions:A North American Wetlands Conservation Council was created to recommend projects to be funded under the Act to the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission. Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; Canada; Mexico |
Collaboration & Partnering; Designate Protected Species; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Marine Birds; Public Administration |
Sikes Act of 1960, 16 United States Code § 670. | Promote effectual planning, development, maintenance, and coordination of wildlife, fish, and game conservation and rehabilitation in military reservations. Application to Coral Reefs:The Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) required by the Sikes Act integrate many different aspects of natural resource management including endangered species, fisheries, wetlands and environmental contaminants. Protection of wetlands and regulation of the discharge of environmental contaminants on military installations can indirectly protect coral reefs by decreasing runoff to nearshore waters. Legislative Actions:DoD must develop and implement Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans (INRMP) for nearly 380 military installations across the US. The development of the INRMP is a voluntary, cooperative effort between participating agencies. Comments:The preparation of the INRMP between DoD, USFWS and State FWS ensures proper consideration of fish, wildlife and habitat needs. The amendments also require the control of invasive species, migratory birds, and law enforcement issues. |
Department of Defense/Department of Interior (US Fish and Wildlife Service)/State Fish and Wildlife Agencies Jurisdiction: US Military Installments |
Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands |
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). | It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C. Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced. Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins |