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Mangroves

Mangroves

Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics � mainly between latitudes 25� N and 25� S. The word is used in at least three senses: (1) most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or mangal, for which the terms mangrove forest biome, mangrove swamp and mangrove forest are also used, (2) to refer to all trees and large shrubs in the mangal, and (3) narrowly to refer to the mangrove family of plants, the Rhizophoraceae, or even more specifically just to mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora. Mangroves are often found in association with coral reefs.

CMap

Carbon storage and cycling is the ability of an ecosystem to utilize, process, and store carbon. Climate regulation is the process by which ecosystems process and store carbon, which can modulate atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Coastal Development is the construction of infrastructure, buildings, homes, and roads in coastal communities. Complex habitat and resources reflects the complex architecture of sessile, plant-like organisms, such as octocoral and sponges, which provides shelter and protection for small fish and other invertebrates from predators. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Fish are cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates that breathe through gills and usually have scales. An Invertebrate is any animal that lacks a backbone. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Mangroves are various kinds of trees up to medium height and shrubs that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics � mainly between latitudes 25� N and 25� S. Nutrient and contaminant processing refers to an ecosystem's ability to process and cycle contaminants and nutrients through its system. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Physical Damage to reef habitat and wetlands can occur from vessel groundings, dredging, trampling, boat movement, anchor drops, trawling, and fishing gear. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Seagrasses are flowering plants that grow in marine, fully-saline environments. Shoreline armoring is the construction of bulkheads, seawalls, riprap or any other structure used to harden a shoreline against erosion. Shoreline Protection is the attenuation of wave energy by reefs that protects coastal communities against shoreline erosion and flooding during storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis that can cause property damage and loss of life. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally.

CMap Description

Coastal wetlands, including mangroves and seagrasses, provide essential nursery habitat for many species of reef fish and invertebrates. Wetlands can alter seawater flow through wave energy attenuation, providing calm waters that may enhance recruitment of larval fish and invertebrates, in additional to protecting coastal communities from flooding or erosion. Wetlands provide nutrients to reefs through the transport of materials, through fish or water movement, between the ecosystems. Nutrient and contaminant processing by wetlands can improve water quality. Many of the same socio-economic sectors that benefit from wetland ecosystem goods and services also create pressures on wetlands that indirectly impact nearby reefs. Wetlands may be filled, drained, or dredged to create land for buildings or channels for ship traffic. Point-source discharges or non-point source run-off can lead to inputs of nutrients, sediment, or toxic chemicals into coastal waters. Monitoring, mapping, and scientific research can be used to better understand changes in wetland extent and condition, bio-physical processes, interactions among species, and how wetlands may be impacted by various stressors or potential decisions. Discharge limitations, dredging regulations, and land-use management can be implement to control pollution and reduce physical damage to wetlands. Wetlands may be restored or replaced by planting wetland grasses or mangrove trees or altering hydrology.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Principe, P., P. Bradley, S. Yee, W. Fisher, E. Johnson, P. Allen, and D. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying Coral Reef Ecosystem Services. EPA/600/R-11/206, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2012 Global Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beach & Land Formation; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Barbour, AB; Allen, MS; Frazer, TK; Sherman, KD. 2011. Evaluating the Potential Efficacy of Invasive Lionfish (Pterois volitans) Removals. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean; Mexico Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invasive Species; Mangroves
Beelaerts, V; Bauwens, M; Versteegh, E; Dehairs, F; Pintelon, R. 2011. Periodic Time-Series Modeling of Environmental Proxy Records with Guaranteed Positive Growth Rate Estimation. Mathematical Geosciences 43:635-662. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Climate; Mangroves
Boizard, SD; Mitchell, SJ. 2011. Resistance of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) seedlings to deflection and extraction. Trees - Structure and Function 25:371-381. 2011 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Mangroves; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Bonnet, NYK; Rocha, RM. 2011. The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa 1-33. 2011 Panama Mangroves
Bostrom, C., S. J. Pittma, C. Simenstad, and R. T. Kneib. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. 2011 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Bostrom, C; Pittman, SJ; Simenstad, C; Kneib, RT. 2011. Seascape ecology of coastal biogenic habitats: advances, gaps, and challenges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:191-217. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Docks & Marinas; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Campbell, SJ; Kartawijaya, T; Sabarini, EK. 2011. Connectivity in reef fish assemblages between seagrass and coral reef habitats. Aquatic Biology 13:65-77. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Castro-Perez, JM; Gonzalez, GA; Arias-Gonzalez, JE. 2011. Characterizing spatial and temporal reef fisheries in Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve, northern Mesoamerican Reef System. Hidrobiologica 21:197-209. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Dura, T; Rubin, CM; Kelsey, HM; Horton, BP; Hawkes, A; Vane, CH; Daryono, M; Pre, CG; Ladinsky, T; Bradley, S. 2011. Stratigraphic record of Holocene coseismic subsidence, Padang, West Sumatra. Journal Of Geophysical Research-solid Earth 116. 2011 Index or Indicator Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Elfman, L; Tooke, NE; Patring, JDM. 2011. Detection of pesticides used in rice cultivation in streams on the island of Leyte in the Philippines. Agricultural Water Management 101:81-87. 2011 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Eme, J; Dabruzzi, TF; Bennett, WA. 2011. Thermal responses of juvenile squaretail mullet (Liza vaigiensis) and juvenile crescent terapon (Terapon jarbua) acclimated at near-lethal temperatures, and the implications for climate change. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399:35-38. 2011 Indonesia Fish; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Erwin, TL. 2011. Halocoryza Alluaud, 1919, sea-side beetles of the Indian, Atlantic (sensu lato), and Pacific Oceans: a generic synopsis and description of a remarkable new species from Baja California Sur, Mexico (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritini, Clivinina). Zookeys 1-13. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India; Pacific Ocean; Caribbean; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Fisher, R; Knowlton, N; Brainard, RE; Caley, MJ. 2011. Differences among Major Taxa in the Extent of Ecological Knowledge across Four Major Ecosystems. PLoS One 6. 2011 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Frank, JH; Ahn, KJ. 2011. Coastal Staphylinidae (Coleoptera): A worldwide checklist, biogeography and natural history. Zookeys 1-98. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Review Mangroves
Grol, MGG; Nagelkerken, I; Bosch, N; Meesters, EH. 2011. Preference of early juveniles of a coral reef fish for distinct lagoonal microhabitats is not related to common measures of structural complexity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 432:221-233. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Grol, MGG; Nagelkerken, I; Rypel, AL; Layman, CA. 2011. Simple ecological trade-offs give rise to emergent cross-ecosystem distributions of a coral reef fish. Oecologia 165:79-88. 2011 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Hernandez-Terrones, L; Rebolledo-Vieyra, M; Merino-Ibarra, M; Soto, M; Le-Cossec, A; Monroy-Rios, E. 2011. Groundwater Pollution in a Karstic Region (NE Yucatan): Baseline Nutrient Content and Flux to Coastal Ecosystems. Water Air And Soil Pollution 218:517-528. 2011 South & Central America; Mexico Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Discharges; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Hitt, S; Pittman, SJ; Brown, KA. 2011. Tracking and mapping sun-synchronous migrations and diel space use patterns of Haemulon sciurus and Lutjanus apodus in the US Virgin Islands. Environmental Biology of Fishes 92:525-538. 2011 Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean GIS & Maps Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hitt, S; Pittman, SJ; Nemeth, RS. 2011. Diel movements of fishes linked to benthic seascape structure in a Caribbean coral reef ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series 427:275-291. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment
Huijbers, CM; Nagelkerken, I; Govers, LL; van de Kerk, M; Oldenburger, JJ; de Brouwer, JHF. 2011. Habitat type and schooling interactively determine refuge-seeking behavior in a coral reef fish throughout ontogeny. Marine Ecology Progress Series 437:241-251. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Igulu, MM; Nagelkerken, I; Fraaije, R; van Hintum, R; Ligtenberg, H; Mgaya, YD. 2011. The potential role of visual cues for microhabitat selection during the early life phase of a coral reef fish (Lutjanus fulviflamma). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 401:118-125. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Kimirei, IA; Nagelkerken, I; Griffioen, B; Wagner, C; Mgaya, YD. 2011. Ontogenetic habitat use by mangrove/seagrass-associated coral reef fishes shows flexibility in time and space. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 92:47-58. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Tanzania; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Laurance, WF; Dell, B; Turton, SM; Lawes, MJ; Hutley, LB; McCallum, H; Dale, P; Bird, M; Hardy, G; Prideaux, G; Gawne, B; McMahon, CR; Yu, R; Hero, JM; Schwarzkop, L; Krockenberger, A; Douglas, M; Silvester, E; Mahony, M; Vella, K; Saikia, U; Wahren, CH;. 2011. The 10 Australian ecosystems most vulnerable to tipping points. Biological Conservation 144:1472-1480. 2011 Australia Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Mateo, I; Durbin, E; Appeldoorn, R; Adams, A; Juanes, F; Durant, D. 2011. Inferred Growth Of Juvenile French Grunts, Haemulon Flavolineatum, And Schoolmaster, Lutjanus Apodus, In Mangrove And Seagrass Habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:339-350. 2011 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Study Location; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
McMahon, KW; Berumen, ML; Mateo, I; Elsdon, TS; Thorrold, SR. 2011. Carbon isotopes in otolith amino acids identify residency of juvenile snapper (Family: Lutjanidae) in coastal nurseries. Coral Reefs 30:1135-1145. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Meadows, A. 2011. Wildlife Conservation Education And International Programmes. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 21:305-316. 2011 Global Review; Model Collaboration & Partnering; Invasive Species; Mangroves
Mills, M; Jupiter, SD; Pressey, RL; Ban, NC; Comley, J. 2011. Incorporating Effectiveness of Community-Based Management in a National Marine Gap Analysis for Fiji. Conservation Biology 25:1155-1164. 2011 Fiji; Philippines Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Moura, RL; Francini, RB; Chaves, EM; Minte-Vera, CV; Lindeman, KC. 2011. Use of riverine through reef habitat systems by dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu) in eastern Brazil. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 95:274-278. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mumby, PJ; Harborne, AR; Brumbaugh, DR. 2011. Grouper as a Natural Biocontrol of Invasive Lionfish. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Nanjo, K; Nakamura, Y; Horinouchi, M; Kohno, H; Sano, M. 2011. Predation risks for juvenile fishes in a mangrove estuary: A comparison of vegetated and unvegetated microhabitats by tethering experiments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 405:53-58. 2011 Australia; Japan Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nowak, K; Lee, PC. 2011. Demographic Structure of Zanzibar Red Colobus Populations in Unprotected Coral Rag and Mangrove Forests. Pages 24-45 in 22nd Congress of the International-Primatological-Society. NEW YORK. 2011 Global Index or Indicator Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Rhodes, BP; Kirby, ME; Jankaew, K; Choowong, M. 2011. Evidence for a mid-Holocene tsunami deposit along the Andaman coast of Thailand preserved in a mangrove environment. Marine Geology 282:255-267. 2011 Indian Ocean; India; Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Starczak, V; Perez-Brunius, P; Levine, HE; Gyory, J; Pineda, J. 2011. The Role Of Season And Salinity In Influencing Barnacle Distributions In Two Adjacent Coastal Mangrove Lagoons. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:275-299. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama Mangroves; Salinity; Seawater Flow
Stoeckl, N; Hicks, CC; Mills, M; Fabricius, K; Esparon, M; Kroon, F; Kaur, K; Costanza, R. 2011. The economic value of ecosystem services in the Great Barrier Reef: our state of knowledge. Ecological Economics Reviews 1219:113-133. 2011 Australia Review Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Szabo, K; Amesbury, JR. 2011. Molluscs in a world of islands: The use of shellfish as a food resource in the tropical island Asia-Pacific region. Quaternary International 239:8-18. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Java; Indonesia Climate; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Tanaka, K; Hanamura, Y; Chong, VC; Watanabe, S; Man, A; Kassim, FM; Kodama, M; Ichikawa, T. 2011. Stable isotope analysis reveals ontogenetic migration and the importance of a large mangrove estuary as a feeding ground for juvenile John's snapper Lutjanus johnii. Fisheries Science 77:809-816. 2011 Malaysia Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Taylor, SM; Loew, ER; Grace, MS. 2011. Developmental shifts in functional morphology of the retina in Atlantic tarpon, Megalops atlanticus (Elopomorpha: Teleostei) between four ecologically distinct life-history stages. Visual Neuroscience 28:309-323. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Mexico; Europe Fish; Fishing Sector; Light; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Vila-Nova, DA; Bender, MG; Carvalho, A; Ferreira, CEL; Floeter, SR. 2011. The Use of Non-reef Habitats by Brazilian Reef Fish Species: Considerations for the Design of Marine Protected Areas. Natureza and Conservacao 9:79-86. 2011 Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Waite, R., E. Cooper, N. Zenny, and L. Burke. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Value of Jamaica�s Coral Reef-Related Fisheries. Working Paper, World Resources Institute and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D. C. (USA). 2011 Global; Jamaica Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Wirrmann, D; Eagar, SH; Harper, MA; Leroy, E; Semah, AM. 2011. First insights into mid-Holocene environmental change in central Vanuatu inferred from a terrestrial record from Emaotfer Swamp, Efate Island. Quaternary Science Reviews 30:3908-3924. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu Index or Indicator Climate; Mangroves; Sediment
Yousefi, S; Rahimian, H; Nabavi, SMB; Glasby, C. 2011. Nereididae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from intertidal habitats in the Gulf of Oman, Iran. Zootaxa 48-64. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Iran; Oman Mangroves; Marine Worms
Alcolado, P. M., I. E. Morgan, P. A. Kramer, R. N. Ginsburg, P. Blanchon, E. de la Guardia, V. Kosminin, S. Gonzalez-Ferrer, and M. Hernandez. 2010. Condition of remote reefs off southwest Cuba. Ciencias Marinas 36:179-197. 2010 South & Central America; Cuba; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Baeza, J. A. 2010. Observations on the sexual system and the natural history of the semi-terrestrial shrimp Merguia rhizophorae (Rathbun, 1900). Invertebrate Biology 129:266-276. 2010 Panama Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Barbour, A. B., M. L. Montgomery, A. A. Adamson, E. Diaz-Ferguson, and B. R. Silliman. 2010. Mangrove use by the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:291-294. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Blunt, J. W., B. R. Copp, M. H. G. Munro, P. T. Northcote, and M. R. Prinsep. 2010. Marine natural products. Natural Product Reports 27:165-237. 2010 Review Algae; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton; Sponges; Tunicates
Brodie, J., T. Schroeder, K. Rohde, J. Faithful, B. Masters, A. Dekker, V. Brando, and M. Maughan. 2010. Dispersal of suspended sediments and nutrients in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon during river-discharge events: conclusions from satellite remote sensing and concurrent flood-plume sampling. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:651-664. 2010 Australia Remote Sensing Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Clifton, J., L. C. Cullen, J. Haapkyla, and R. K. F. Unsworth. 2010. Ensuring appropriate and proportionate responses to environmental threats: A response to Caras and Pasternak. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:700-702. 2010 Indonesia Cultural Policies; Mangroves; Mining Policies; Seagrasses
Coleman, F. C. and C. C. Koenig. 2010. The Effects of Fishing, Climate Change, and Other Anthropogenic Disturbances on Red Grouper and Other Reef Fishes in the Gulf of Mexico. Integrative And Comparative Biology 50:201-212. 2010 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish
Cortes, J., A. C. Fonseca, J. Nivia-Ruiz, V. Nielsen-Munoz, J. Samper-Villarreal, E. Salas, S. Martinez, and P. Zamora-Trejos. 2010. Monitoring coral reefs, seagrasses and mangroves in Costa Rica (CARICOMP). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:1-22. 2010 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment
Edwards, H. J., I. A. Elliott, R. L. Pressey, and P. J. Mumby. 2010. Incorporating ontogenetic dispersal, ecological processes and conservation zoning into reserve design. Biological Conservation 143:457-470. 2010 South & Central America; Belize Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Landuse Management; Mangroves
Frey, M. A. 2010. The relative importance of geography and ecology in species diversification: evidence from a tropical marine intertidal snail (Nerita). Journal of Biogeography 37:1515-1528. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; GIS & Maps Mangroves; Snails & Conch; Substrate
Gopinath, A., S. M. Nair, N. C. Kumar, K. V. Jayalakshmi, and D. Pamalal. 2010. A baseline study of trace metals in a coral reef sedimentary environment, Lakshadweep Archipelago. Environmental Earth Sciences 59:1245-1266. 2010 Indian Ocean; India Index or Indicator Mangroves; Sediment
Hammerschlag, N. and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Nocturnal fish utilization of a subtropical mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 31:364-374. 2010 Apex Fish Predators; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hammerschlag, N., A. B. Morgan, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Relative predation risk for fishes along a subtropical mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:259-267. 2010 Florida Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hammerschlag, N., M. R. Heithaus, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Influence of predation risk and food supply on nocturnal fish foraging distributions along a mangrove-seagrass ecotone. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414:223-235. 2010 Florida Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Hansen, L., J. Hoffman, C. Drews, and E. Mielbrecht. 2010. Designing Climate-Smart Conservation: Guidance and Case Studies. Conservation Biology 24:63-69. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; Tanzania; Madagascar; India; Fiji; Caribbean Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Sea Turtles
Hunting, E. R., J. M. de Goeij, M. Asselman, R. W. M. van Soest, and H. G. van der Geest. 2010. Degradation Of Mangrove-Derived Organic Matter In Mangrove Associated Sponges. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:871-877. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sponges
Jenkins, A. P., S. D. Jupiter, I. Qauqau, and J. Atherton. 2010. The importance of ecosystem-based management for conserving aquatic migratory pathways on tropical high islands: a case study from Fiji. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:224-238. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji; Papua New Guinea GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jones, D. L., J. F. Walter, E. N. Brooks, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Connectivity through ontogeny: fish population linkages among mangrove and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 401:245-258. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Keene, A. F., S. G. Johnston, R. T. Bush, E. D. Burton, and L. A. Sullivan. 2010. Reactive trace element enrichment in a highly modified, tidally inundated acid sulfate soil wetland: East Trinity, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:620-626. 2010 Australia Mangroves; Remediation; Sediment; Wetlands
Kopp, D., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, D. Mouillot, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Juvenile Fish Assemblages in Caribbean Seagrass Beds: Does Nearby Habitat Matter? Journal of Coastal Research 26:1133-1141. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Index or Indicator Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kruitwagen, G., I. Nagelkerken, B. R. Lugendo, Y. D. Mgaya, and S. E. W. Bonga. 2010. Importance of different carbon sources for macroinvertebrates and fishes of an interlinked mangrove-mudflat ecosystem (Tanzania). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 88:464-472. 2010 Tanzania Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Lopez-Ordaz, A. and J. G. Rodriguez-Quintal. 2010. Ichthyofauna associated to a shallow reef in Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:163-174. 2010 Venezuela Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mateo, I., E. G. Durbin, R. S. Appeldoorn, A. J. Adams, F. Juanes, R. Kingsley, P. Swart, and D. Durant. 2010. Role of mangroves as nurseries for French grunt Haemulon flavolineatum and schoolmaster Lutjanus apodus assessed by otolith elemental fingerprints. Marine Ecology Progress Series 402:197-212. 2010 US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Mendoza-Carranza, M., D. J. Hoeinghaus, A. M. Garcia, and A. Romero-Rodriguez. 2010. Aquatic food webs in mangrove and seagrass habitats of Centla Wetland, a Biosphere Reserve in Southeastern Mexico. Neotropical Ichthyology 8:171-178. 2010 South & Central America; Mexico Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Miloslavich, P., J. M. Diaz, E. Klein, J. Jose Alvarado, C. Diaz, J. Gobin, E. Escobar-Briones, J. J. Cruz-Motta, E. Weil, J. Cortes, A. C. Bastidas, R. Robertson, F. Zapata, A. Martin, J. Castillo, A. Kazandjian, and M. Ortiz. 2010. Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns. PLoS One 5:e11916. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Antilles; Cuba; Venezuela; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Mustafa, S. 2010. New Perspectives on Marine Biodiversity. Ambio 39:528-530. 2010 Global Climate; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Mwandya, A. W., M. Gullstrom, M. H. Andersson, M. C. Ohman, Y. D. Mgaya, and I. Bryceson. 2010. Spatial and seasonal variations of fish assemblages in mangrove creek systems in Zanzibar (Tanzania). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 89:277-286. 2010 Tanzania Index or Indicator Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Substrate
Niggl, W. and C. Wild. 2010. Spatial distribution of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea sp. within fringing coral reef environments of the Northern Red Sea: implications for its life cycle. Helgoland Marine Research 64:281-287. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Nip, T. H. M. and C. K. Wong. 2010. Juvenile Fish Assemblages in Mangrove and Non-Mangrove Soft-Shore Habitats in Eastern Hong Kong. Zoological Studies 49:760-778. 2010 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nobi, E. P., E. Dilipan, T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, and L. Kannan. 2010. Geochemical and geo-statistical assessment of heavy metal concentration in the sediments of different coastal ecosystems of Andaman Islands, India. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 87:253-264. 2010 India Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Pimentel, C. R. and J. C. Joyeux. 2010. Diet and food partitioning between juveniles of mutton Lutjanus analis, dog Lutjanus jocu and lane Lutjanus synagris snappers (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in a mangrove-fringed estuarine environment. Journal of Fish Biology 76:2299-2317. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pittman, S. J., C. F. G. Jeffrey, R. Clark, K. Woody, B. D. Herlach, C. Caldow, M. E. Monaco, and R. Appledoorn. 2010. Coral reef ecosystems of Reserva Natural de La Parguera (Puerto Rico): spatial and temporal patterns in fish and benthic communities (2001-2007). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Prouty, N. G., M. E. Field, J. D. Stock, S. D. Jupiter, and M. McCulloch. 2010. Coral Ba/Ca records of sediment input to the fringing reef of the southshore of Moloka'i, Hawai'i over the last several decades. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1822-1835. 2010 Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rodriguez-Ramirez, A., J. Garzon-Ferreira, A. Batista-Morales, D. L. Gil, D. I. Gomez-Lopez, K. Gomez-Campo, T. Lopez-Londono, R. Navas-Camacho, M. C. Reyes-Nivia, and J. Vega-Sequeda. 2010. Temporal patterns in coral reef, seagrass and mangrove communities from Chengue bay CARICOMP site (Colombia) 1993-2008. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:45-62. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Scheibling, R. E. and A. Metaxas. 2010. Mangroves And Fringing Reefs As Nursery Habitats For The Endangered Caribbean Sea Star Oreaster Reticulatus. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:133-148. 2010 South & Central America; Belize; Panama; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges
Serrano, X., M. Grosell, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Salinity selection and preference of the grey snapper Lutjanus griseus: field and laboratory observations. Journal of Fish Biology 76:1592-1608. 2010 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Special Use Permitting
Shank, G. C., R. G. Zepp, A. Vahatalo, R. Lee, and E. Bartels. 2010. Photobleaching kinetics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter derived from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:162-171. 2010 Florida CO2; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Shank, G. C., R. Lee, A. Vahatalo, R. G. Zepp, and E. Bartels. 2010. Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:172-181. 2010 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Remote Sensing Discharges; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Sheppard, C., M. Al-Husiani, F. Al-Jamali, F. Al-Yamani, R. Baldwin, J. Bishop, F. Benzoni, E. Dutrieux, N. K. Dulvy, S. R. V. Durvasula, D. A. Jones, R. Loughland, D. Medio, M. Nithyanandan, G. M. Pilling, I. Polikarpov, A. R. G. Price, S. Purkis, B. Riegl, and M. Saburova. 2010. The Gulf: A young sea in decline. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:13-38. 2010 Review Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Sorokin, Y. I. and P. Y. Sorokin. 2010. Plankton of the central Great Barrier Reef: abundance, production and trophodynamic roles. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:1173-1187. 2010 Australia Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Substrate
Statzell-Tallman, A., G. Scorzetti, and J. W. Fell. 2010. Candida spencermartinsiae sp nov., Candida taylorii sp nov and Pseudozyma abaconensis sp nov., novel yeasts from mangrove and coral reef ecosystems. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60:1978-1984. 2010 Mangroves
Stieglitz, T. C., P. G. Cook, and W. C. Burnett. 2010. Inferring coastal processes from regional-scale mapping of (222)Radon and salinity: examples from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 101:544-552. 2010 Australia GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Thomas, Y., C. Courties, Y. El Helwe, A. Herbland, and H. Lemonnier. 2010. Spatial and temporal extension of eutrophication associated with shrimp farm wastewater discharges in the New Caledonia lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:387-398. 2010 New Caledonia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Discharges; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Wastewater Discharge
Todd, P. A., X. Y. Ong, and L. M. Chou. 2010. Impacts of pollution on marine life in Southeast Asia. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:1063-1082. 2010 Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines Review Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waterborne Discharges
Travers, M. J., I. C. Potter, K. R. Clarke, S. J. Newman, and J. B. Hutchins. 2010. The inshore fish faunas over soft substrates and reefs on the tropical west coast of Australia differ and change with latitude and bioregion. Journal of Biogeography 37:148-169. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Indonesia Fish; Mangroves; Substrate; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Vaslet, A., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, G. Charrier, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Spatial Patterns of Mangrove Shoreline Fish Communities in Relation with Environmental Variables in Caribbean Lagoons. Estuaries and Coasts 33:195-210. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vaslet, A., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2010. Fish assemblages in a mangrove shoreline lagoon of Guadeloupe (FWI): spatial and temporal distribution patterns along environmental gradients. Cybium 34:115-127. 2010 Antilles Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wielgus, J., E. Cooper, R. Torres, and L. Burke. 2010. Coastal capital: Dominican Republic. Case studies on the economic value of coastal ecosystems in the Dominican Republic. Washington, DC, World Resources Institute. 2010 Global; Dominican Republic Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Williams, J. T., K. E. Carpenter, J. L. Van Tassell, P. Hoetjes, W. Toller, P. Etnoyer, and M. Smith. 2010. Biodiversity Assessment of the Fishes of Saba Bank Atoll, Netherlands Antilles. PLoS One 5:e10676. 2010 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves
Wulff, J. 2010. Regeneration of Sponges in Ecological Context: Is Regeneration an Integral Part of Life History and Morphological Strategies? Integrative And Comparative Biology 50:494-505. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Mangroves; Sponges
Yamada, H. 2010. Age and growth during immature stages of the mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus in waters around Ishigaki Island, southern Japan. Fisheries Science 76:445-450. 2010 Australia; Japan Index or Indicator Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aburto-Oropeza, O., I. Dominguez-Guerrero, J. Cota-Nieto, and T. Plomozo-Lugo. 2009. Recruitment and ontogenetic habitat shifts of the yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) in the Gulf of California. Marine Biology 156:2461-2472. 2009 Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Ahmad, S. A. and N. Hanley. 2009. Willingness to pay for reducing crowding effect damages in Marine Parks in Malaysia. Singapore Economic Review 54:21-39. 2009 Malaysia; Oman Model Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Azman, B. A. R. and J. K. Lowry. 2009. Bolttsiidae. Zootaxa 285-289. 2009 Australia Mangroves
Barletta, M. and M. F. Costa. 2009. Living and Non-living Resources Exploitation in a Tropical Semi-arid Estuary. Journal of Coastal Research 371-375. 2009 Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Salinity; Tourism & Recreation
Berkeley, A., C. T. Perry, S. G. Smithers, B. P. Horton, and A. B. Cundy. 2009. Foraminiferal biofacies across mangrove-mudflat environments at Cocoa Creek, north Queensland, Australia. Marine Geology 263:64-86. 2009 Australia Model Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Burke, J. S., W. J. Kenworthy, and L. L. Wood. 2009. Ontogenetic patterns of concentration indicate lagoon nurseries are essential to common grunts stocks in a Puerto Rican bay. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 81:533-543. 2009 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Index or Indicator Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment
Clark, R. D., S. Pittman, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, B. Roque, R. S. Appeldoorn, and M. E. Monaco. 2009. Nocturnal fish movement and trophic flow across habitat boundaries in a coral reef ecosystem (SW Puerto Rico). Caribbean Journal of Science 45:282-303. 2009 Puerto Rico Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Molluscs; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Climate change and tropical marine agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany 60:2839-2844. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Das, S. 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2009 Global GIS & Maps Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, A. De Groene, G. Van Der Velde, and I. Nagelkerken. 2009. Piscivore assemblages and predation pressure affect relative safety of some back-reef habitats for juvenile fish in a Caribbean bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series 379:181-196. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Ellison, J. C. 2009. Wetlands of the pacific island region. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:169-206. 2009 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Niue; Samoa; Tuvalu; Marshall Islands; Kiribati; Cook Islands; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands Review; Field Study & Monitoring Landuse Management; Mangroves; Mining Policies; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Eme, J. and W. A. Bennett. 2009. Acute temperature quotient responses of fishes reflect their divergent thermal habitats in the Banda Sea, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Australian Journal of Zoology 57:357-362. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Gabriel, J. J., E. G. Reinhardt, M. C. Peros, D. E. Davidson, P. J. van Hengstum, and P. A. Beddows. 2009. Palaeoenvironmental evolution of Cenote Aktun Ha (Carwash) on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico and its response to Holocene sea-level rise. Journal of Paleolimnology 42:199-213. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Index or Indicator Mangroves; Salinity; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Granek, E. F., J. E. Compton, and D. L. Phillips. 2009. Mangrove-exported nutrient incorporation by sessile coral reef invertebrates. Ecosystems 12:462-472. 2009 Panama Model Algae; Bivalves; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. 2009. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 59:72-86. 2009 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ikeda, S., K. Osawa, and Y. Akamatsu. 2009. Sediment and nutrients transport in watershed and their impact on coastal environment. Proceedings Of The Japan Academy Series A-mathematical Sciences 85:374-390. 2009 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Model Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ikeda, S., K. Osawa, and Y. Akamatsu. 2009. Sediment and nutrients transport in watershed and their impact on coastal environment. Proceedings Of The Japan Academy Series B-physical And Biological Sciences 85:374-390. 2009 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Model Civil Engineering & Construction; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kamal, A. H. and M. A. A. Khan. 2009. Coastal and estuarine resources of Bangladesh: management conservation issues. Maejo International Journal Of Science And Technology 3:313-342. 2009 Discharges; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Khokiattiwong, S., N. Kornkanitnan, W. Goessler, S. Kokarnig, and K. A. Francesconi. 2009. Arsenic compounds in tropical marine ecosystems: similarities between mangrove forest and coral reef. Environmental Chemistry 6:226-234. 2009 Thailand Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Molluscs; Nutrients
Kleypas, J. A. and K. K. Yates. 2009. Coral reefs and ocean acidification. Oceanography 22:108-117. 2009 Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Koch, E. W., E. B. Barbier, B. R. Silliman, D. J. Reed, G. M. E. Perillo, S. D. Hacker, E. F. Granek, J. H. Primavera, N. Muthiga, S. Polasky, B. S. Halpern, C. J. Kennedy, C. V. Kappel, and E. Wolanski. 2009. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:29-37. 2009 Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Valuation
Koldewey, H. J., J. Atkinson, and A. Debney. 2009. Threatened species on the menu? Towards sustainable seafood use in zoos and aquariums. International Zoo Yearbook 43:71-81. 2009 Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Wetlands
Krumholz, J. and C. Jadot. 2009. Demonstration of a New Technology for Restoration of Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) in High-Energy Environments. Marine Technology Society Journal 43:64-72. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Lachica-Alino, L., L. T. David, M. Wolff, P. M. Alino, and M. C. G. Ranola. 2009. Distributional Patterns, Habitat Overlap and Trophic Interactions of Species Caught by Trawling in the Ragay Gulf, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:46-65. 2009 Philippines Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Octopus & Squid; Plankton; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Lan, T. D. 2009. Assessment of some marine ecosystems using sustainable utilization indicators in Hai Phong-Quang Ninh coastal area, Vietnam. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:243-248. 2009 Vietnam Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Stony Coral
Lobel, P. S., L. A. Rocha, and J. E. Randall. 2009. Color phases and distribution of the Western Atlantic Labrid Fish, Halichoeres socialis. Copeia 171-174. 2009 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves
Luo, J. G., J. E. Serafy, S. Sponaugle, P. B. Teare, and D. Kieckbusch. 2009. Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:255-269. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Luo, J., J. E. Serafy, S. Sponaugle, P. B. Teare, and D. Kieckbusch. 2009. Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:255-269. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
MacDonald, J. A., S. Shahrestani, and J. S. Weis. 2009. Behavior and space utilization of two common fishes within Caribbean mangroves: implications for the protective function of mangrove habitats. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:195-201. 2009 South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Substrate
Mamauag, S. S., P. M. Alino, R. O. M. Gonzales, and M. R. Deocadez. 2009. Patterns of Demersal Fish Distribution Derived from Line Fishing Experiment in Calauag Bay, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:370-387. 2009 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Miyajima, T., Y. Tsuboi, Y. Tanaka, and I. Koike. 2009. Export of inorganic carbon from two Southeast Asian mangrove forests to adjacent estuaries as estimated by the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon. Journal Of Geophysical Research-biogeosciences 114:G01024. 2009 Southeast Asia Model; Index or Indicator CO2; Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Monteiro, D. P., T. Giarrizzo, and V. Isaac. 2009. Feeding Ecology of Juvenile Dog Snapper Lutjanus jocu (Bloch and Shneider, 1801) (Lutjanidae) in Intertidal Mangrove Creeks in Curuca Estuary (Northern Brazil). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52:1421-1430. 2009 Index or Indicator Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Nelson, M., W. F. Dempster, and J. P. Allen. 2009. The water cycle in closed ecological systems: Perspectives from the Biosphere 2 and Laboratory Biosphere systems. Advances in Space Research 44:1404-1412. 2009 Global Lab Study Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Irrigation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sewage Treatment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Nyunja, J., M. Ntiba, J. Onyari, K. Mavuti, K. Soetaert, and S. Bouillon. 2009. Carbon sources supporting a diverse fish community in a tropical coastal ecosystem (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 83:333-341. 2009 Kenya Algae; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Obura, D. O. and G. Grimsditch. 2009. Resilience Assessment of Coral Reefs Rapid assessment protocol for coral reefs, focusing on coral bleaching and thermal stress. IUCN working group on Climate Change and Coral Reefs, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Payne, N. L. and B. M. Gillanders. 2009. Assemblages of fish along a mangrove-mudflat gradient in temperate Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1-13. 2009 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates; Mangroves
Pellegrini, J. A. C., M. L. G. Soares, F. O. Chaves, G. C. D. Estrada, and V. F. Cavalcanti. 2009. A Method for the Classification of Mangrove Forests and Sensitivity/Vulnerability Analysis. Journal of Coastal Research 443-447. 2009 GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Rathakrishnan, T., M. Ramasubramanian, N. Anandaraja, N. Suganthi, and S. Anitha. 2009. Traditional fishing practices followed by fisher folks of Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal Of Traditional Knowledge 8:543-547. 2009 Global; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Wetlands
Sanchirico, J. N. and P. Mumby. 2009. Mapping ecosystem functions to the valuation of ecosystem services: Implications of species-habitat associations for coastal land-use decisions. Theoretical Ecology 2:67-77. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Sarkar, A., S. Sengupta, J. M. McArthur, P. Ravenscroft, M. K. Bera, R. Bhushan, A. Samanta, and S. Agrawal. 2009. Evolution of Ganges-Brahmaputra western delta plain: clues from sedimentology and carbon isotopes. Quaternary Science Reviews 28:2564-2581. 2009 Global Climate; Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Scharer-Umpierre, M. 2009. USING LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY TO DESCRIBE HABITAT CONNECTIVITY FOR CORAL REEF FISHES. PhD Dissertation. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2009 Puerto Rico Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Silva, I. R., J. C. Rossi, H. M. Nascimento, and T. G. Siqueira. 2009. Geoenvironmental Characterization and Urbanization of the Beaches on the Islands of Tinhare and Boipeba, South Coast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 1297-1300. 2009 Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE). 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. 2009 Global GIS & Maps Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Unsworth, R. K. F., S. L. Garrard, P. S. De Leon, L. C. Cullen, D. J. Smith, K. A. Sloman, and J. J. Bell. 2009. Structuring of Indo-Pacific fish assemblages along the mangrove-seagrass continuum. Aquatic Biology 5:85-95. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Venkatachalam, A. J., A. R. G. Price, S. Chandrasekara, and S. S. Sellamuttu. 2009. Risk factors in relation to human deaths and other tsunami (2004) impacts in Sri Lanka: The fishers'-eye view. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:57-66. 2009 Sri Lanka Model; Index or Indicator Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Vosoghi, G. H., M. R. Fatemi, S. Jamili, A. R. Nikoyab, and M. Rabbaniba. 2009. The fluctuation of coralline fish larvae of Khark and Kharko (Persian Gulf). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 4:136-142. 2009 Iran; Oman Index or Indicator Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Waycott, M., C. M. Duarte, T. J. B. Carruthers, R. J. Orth, W. C. Dennison, S. Olyarnik, A. Calladine, J. W. Fourqurean, K. L. Heck, A. R. Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, W. J. Kenworthy, F. T. Short, and S. L. Williams. 2009. Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:12377-12381. 2009 Global Climate; Coastal Development; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Weis, J. S., P. Weis, J. MacDonald, and L. Pearson. 2009. Rapid changes in fish utilization of mangrove habitat in Western Madagascar. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:345-354. 2009 Madagascar Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
World Resources Institute. 2009. Value of coral reefs & mangroves in the caribbean: economic valuation methodology v3.0. 2009 South & Central America; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Belize; Caribbean Review Collaboration & Partnering; Cruise Ships; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Yokoo, T., T. Sakamoto, K. Kanou, M. Moteki, H. Kohno, P. Tongnunui, and H. Kurokura. 2009. Morphological characters and occurrence patterns of juveniles of two estuarine gobies, Acentrogobius kranjiensis and Acentrogobius malayanus, verified by molecular identification. Journal of Fish Biology 75:2805-2819. 2009 Thailand Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
2008. DRAFT PROPOSED REVISIONS TO: U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WATER QUALITY STANDARDS. Chapter 7. Water Pollution Control, Subchapter 186. Water Quality Standards for Waters of the Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands. 2008 US Virgin Islands Index or Indicator Biocriteria; Designated Uses; Discharges; Irrigation; Mangroves; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Aguilar-Perera, A. and R. S. Appeldoorn. 2008. Spatial distribution of marine fishes along a cross-shelf gradient containing a continuum of mangrove-seagrass-coral reefs off southwestern Puerto Rico. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 76:378-394. 2008 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Aller, R. C., N. E. Blair, and G. J. Brunskill. 2008. Early diagenetic cycling, incineration, and burial of sedimentary organic carbon in the central Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea). Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface 113. 2008 Papua New Guinea CO2; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alongi, D. M. 2008. Mangrove forests: resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 76:1-13. 2008 Global Review; Model Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Mangroves; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, Rachmansyah, F. Tirendi, A. D. McKinnon, and M. C. Undu. 2008. Growth and development of mangrove forests overlying smothered coral reefs, Sulawesi and Sumatra, Indonesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 370:97-109. 2008 Indonesia Index or Indicator Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Nutrients
Amorocho, D. F. and R. D. Reina. 2008. Intake passage time, digesta composition and digestibility in East Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas agassizii) at Gorgona National Park, Colombian Pacific. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 360:117-124. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Cleaner & Solvent Use; Mangroves; Sea Turtles
Bahuguna, A., S. Nayak, and D. Roy. 2008. Impact of the tsunami and earthquake of 26th December 2004 on the vital coastal ecosystems of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands assessed using RESOURCESAT AWiFS data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 10:229-237. 2008 India Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves
Barbier, E. B., E. W. Koch, B. R. Silliman, S. D. Hacker, E. Wolanski, J. Primavera, E. F. Granek, S. Polasky, S. Aswani, L. A. Cramer, D. M. Stoms, C. J. Kennedy, D. Bael, C. V. Kappel, G. M. E. Perillo, and D. J. Reed. 2008. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science 319:321-323. 2008 Thailand Field Study & Monitoring Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection
Bertness, M. D. and B. R. Silliman. 2008. Consumer control of salt marshes driven by human disturbance. Conservation Biology 22:618-623. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Mangroves
Bosence, D. 2008. Randomness or order in the occurrence and preservation of shallow-marine carbonate facies? Holocene, South Florida. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 270:339-348. 2008 Florida Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cebrian, J., C. D. Foster, R. Plutchak, K. L. Sheehan, M.-E.C. Miller, A. Anton, K. Major, K. L. Heck Jr., and S. P. Powers. 2008. The impact of Hurricane Ivan on the primary productivity and metabolism of marsh tidal creeks in the NorthCentral Gulf of Mexico. Aquatic Ecology 42:391-404. 2008 South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Chatterjee, S., S. Haldar, M. Asakura, S. Yamasaki, and T. Balasubramanian. 2008. Molecular identification and phylogenetic status of marine Bacillus associated with coral sediment, showing antibacterial effects against human pathogens. Annals of Microbiology 58:309-312. 2008 India Mangroves; Pathogens; Sediment
Cochard, R., S. L. Ranamukhaarachchi, G. P. Shivakoti, O. V. Shipin, P. J. Edwards, and K. T. Seeland. 2008. The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 10:3-40. 2008 Thailand Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Conservation International (CI). 2008. Economic values of coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses: a global compilation. Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Arlington, Virginia. 2008 Global; Florida Carbon Storage & Cycling; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Cooper, E., L. Burke, and N. Bood. 2008. Coastal capital: Belize, the economic contribution of Belize�s coral reefs and mangroves. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Mexico Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Dahdouh-Guebas, F. and N. Koedam. 2008. Long-term retrospection on mangrove development using transdisciplinary approaches: A review. Aquatic Botany 89:80-92. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Shoreline Protection
De Paiva, A. C. G., P. D. T. D. C. Chaves, and M. E. De Araujo. 2008. Trophic organization and structure of shallow water ichthyofauna in a tropical estuary [Estrutura e organizacão trofica da ictiofauna de aguas rasas em um estuario tropical]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25:647-661. 2008 Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Demopoulos, A. W. J., N. Cormier, K. C. Ewel, and B. Fry. 2008. Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of Indo-Pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda: Portunidae). Estuaries and Coasts 31:371-381. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Model Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Drew, C. A. and D. B. Eggleston. 2008. Juvenile fish densities in Florida Keys mangroves correlate with landscape characteristics. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362:233-243. 2008 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Duarte, C. M., W. C. Dennison, R. J. W. Orth, and T. J. B. Carruthers. 2008. The charisma of coastal ecosystems: Addressing the imbalance. Estuaries and Coasts 31:233-238. 2008 Collaboration & Partnering; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Faunce, C. H. and J. E. Serafy. 2008. Growth and secondary production of an eventual reef fish during mangrove residency. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 79:93-100. 2008 Florida Model Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Wetlands
Faunce, C. H. and J. E. Serafy. 2008. Selective use of mangrove shorelines by snappers, grunts, and great barracuda. Marine Ecology Progress Series 356:153-162. 2008 Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Faust, M. A., M. W. Vandersea, S. R. Kibler, P. A. Tester, and R. W. Litaker. 2008. Prorocentrum levis, a new benthic species (Dinophyceae) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize. Journal of Phycology 44:232-240. 2008 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Mangroves
Francini-Filho, R. B. and R. L. De Moura. 2008. Dynamics of fish assemblages on coral reefs subjected to different management regimes in the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1166-1179. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Granek, E. and B. I. Ruttenberg. 2008. Changes in biotic and abiotic processes following mangrove clearing. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 80:555-562. 2008 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Grol, M. G. G., M. Dorenbosch, E. M. G. Kokkelmans, and I. Nagelkerken. 2008. Mangroves and seagrass beds do not enhance growth of early juveniles of a coral reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 366:137-146. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses
Gullstrom, M., M. Bodin, P. G. Nilsson, and M. C. Ohman. 2008. Seagrass structural complexity and landscape configuration as determinants of tropical fish assemblage composition. Marine Ecology Progress Series 363:241-255. 2008 Indian Ocean; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hauser, I., W. Oschmann, and E. Gischler. 2008. Taphonomic signatures on modern Caribbean bivalve shells as indicators of environmental conditions (Beliza, central America). Palaios 23:586-600. 2008 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Index or Indicator Bivalves; Mangroves; Sediment
Huijbers, C. M., E. M. Mollee, and I. Nagelkerken. 2008. Post-larval French grunts (Haemulon flavolineatum) distinguish between seagrass, mangrove and coral reef water: Implications for recognition of potential nursery habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357:134-139. 2008 Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Hunting, E. R., R. W. M. Van Soest, H. G. Van Der Geest, A. Vos, and A. O. Debrot. 2008. Diversity and spatial heterogeneity of mangrove associated sponges of Curacao and Aruba. Contributions to Zoology 77:205-215. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Sponges
Lacambra, C., T. Spencer, and I. Moeller. 2008. Literature review: tropical coastal ecosystems as coastal defences. Pages 1-15 The role of environmental management in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. ProAct Network, Tannay, Switzerland. 2008 Global Review Climate; Mangroves; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lee, T. N., N. Melo, E. Johns, C. Kelble, R. H. Smith, and P. Ortner. 2008. On water renewal and salinity variability in the northeast subregion of Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 82:83-105. 2008 Florida Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
MacDonald, J. A., T. Glover, and J. S. Weis. 2008. The impact of mangrove prop-root epibionts on juvenile reef fishes: A field experiment using artificial roots and epifauna. Estuaries and Coasts 31:981-993. 2008 Panama Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Mangroves
McNiven, I. J., J. Crouch, M. Weisler, N. Kemp, L. C. Martinez, J. Stanisic, M. Orr, L. Brady, S. Hocknull, and W. Boles. 2008. Tigershark Rockshelter (Baidamau Mudh): Seascape and settlement reconfigurations on the Sacred islet of Pulu, Western Zenadh Kes (Torres Strait). Australian Archaeology 66:15-32. 2008 Apex Fish Predators; Mangroves
Meynecke, J. O, S. Y. Lee, and N. C. Duke. 2008. Linking spatial metrics and fish catch reveals the importance of coastal wetland connectivity to inshore fisheries in Queensland, Australia. Biological Conservation 141:981-996. 2008 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Mumby, P. J., K. Broad, D. R. Brumbaugh, C. P. Dahlgren, A. R. Harborne, A. Hastings, K. E. Holmes, C. V. Kappel, F. Micheli, and J. N. Sanchirico. 2008. Coral reef habitats as surrogates of species, ecological functions, and ecosystem services. Conservation Biology 22:941-951. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Stony Coral
Mumby, P.J., A. Hastings. 2008. The impact of ecosystem connectivity on coral reef resilience. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:854-862. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Nagelkerken, I. and C. H. Faunce. 2008. What makes mangroves attractive to fish? Use of artificial units to test the influence of water depth, cross-shelf location, and presence of root structure. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 79:559-565. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, T. Shibuno, Y. Tanaka, T. Miyajima, I. Koike, H. Kurokura, and M. Sano. 2008. Evidence of ontogenetic migration from mangroves to coral reefs by black-tail snapper Lutjanus fulvus: Stable isotope approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 355:257-266. 2008 Japan Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2008. Detailed methods for characterization and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems and associated biological communities. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment. 2008 Florida; US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Nowak, K. 2008. Frequent water drinking by zanzibar red colobus (Procolobus kirkii) in a mangrove forest refuge. American Journal of Primatology 70:1081-1092. 2008 Mangroves
Pittman, S. J., S. D. Hile, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, M. S. Kendall, M. E. Monaco, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2008. Fish assemblages and benthic habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands) and the surrounding seascape: a characterization of spatial and temporal patterns. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD. 2008 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Raghukumar, C. 2008. Marine fungal biotechnology: An ecological perspective. Fungal Diversity 31:19-35. 2008 Review Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Remediation; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges
Rodriguez, M. V. 2008. ESTIMATING PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY OF RED MANGROVES IN SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO RICO FROM REMOTE SENSING AND FIELD MEASUREMENTS. Masters Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico). 2008 Global; Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Climate; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity
Russell, D. J. and A. J. McDougall. 2008. Reproductive biology of mangrove jack (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) in northeastern Queensland, Australia. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 42:219-232. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Recreational Fishing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Shibuno, T., Y. Nakamura, M. Horinouchi, and M. Sano. 2008. Habitat use patterns of fishes across the mangrove-seagrass-coral reef seascape at Ishigaki Island, southern Japan. Ichthyological Research 55:218-237. 2008 Japan Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Siddiqui, P. J. A., S. Farooq, S. Shafique, Z.-u.-N. Burhan, and Z. Farooqi. 2008. Conservation and management of biodiversity in Pakistan through the establishment of marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 51:377-382. 2008 Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Plankton; Sea Turtles; Whales & Dolphins
Unsworth, R. K. F., P. S. De Leon, S. L. Garrard, J. Jompa, D. J. Smith, and J. J. Bell. 2008. High connectivity of Indo-Pacific seagrass fish assemblages with mangrove and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 353:213-224. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Wang, Y.-S., Z.-P. Lou, C.-C. Sun, and S. Sun. 2008. Ecological environment changes in Daya Bay, China, from 1982 to 2004. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1871-1879. 2008 China Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Plankton; Shoreline Protection
Aguilar-Perera, A. and R. S. Appeldoorn. 2007. Variation in juvenile fish density along the mangrove-seagrass-coral reef continuum in SW Puerto Rico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348:139-148. 2007 Puerto Rico Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Amesbury, J. R. 2007. Mollusk collecting and environmental change during the Prehistoric Period in the Mariana Islands. Coral Reefs 26:947-958. 2007 Guam Bivalves; Mangroves; Molluscs; Snails & Conch
Anker, A. 2007. New species and records of alpheid shrimps, genera Salmoneus Holthuis and Parabetaeus Coutiere, from the tropical western Atlantic (Decapoda, Caridea). Zootaxa 21-39. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles Algae; Coralline Algae; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Borsa, P., S. Lemer, and D. Aurelle. 2007. Patterns of lineage diversification in rabbitfishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44:427-435. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Maldives; India; New Caledonia Mangroves
Bostock, H. C., B. P. Brooke, D. A. Ryan, G. Hancock, T. Pietsch, R. Packett, and K. Harle. 2007. Holocene and modern sediment storage in the subtropical macrotidal Fitzroy River estuary, Southeast Queensland, Australia. Sedimentary Geology 201:321-340. 2007 Australia Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chatenoux, B. and P. Peduzzi. 2007. Impacts from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Analysing the potential protecting role of environmental features. Natural Hazards 40:289-304. 2007 Indian Ocean; India GIS & Maps Infrastructure; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Collado-Vides, L., V. G. Caccia, J. N. Boyer, and J. W. Fourqurean. 2007. Tropical seagrass-associated macroalgae distributions and trends relative to water quality. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73:680-694. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Cooper, J. A. G., D. A. Lewis, and O. H. Pilkey. 2007. Fetch-limited barrier islands: Overlooked coastal landforms. GSA Today 17:9-Apr. 2007 Global Coastal Development; Mangroves; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Crona, B. I. and P. Ronnback. 2007. Community structure and temporal variability of juvenile fish assemblages in natural and replanted mangroves, Sonneratia alba Sm., of Gazi Bay, Kenya. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 74:44-52. 2007 Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Commercial Fisheries; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Cubero-Pardo, P. 2007. Distribution and environmental conditions related to the behavior in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica [Distribucion y condiciones ambientales asocia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 55:549-557. 2007 Costa Rica Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Dharanirajan, K., P. Kasinatha Pandian, B. Gurugnanam, R. M. Narayanan, and S. Ramachandran. 2007. An integrated study for the assessment of tsunami impacts: A case study of South Andaman Island, India using remote sensing and GIS. Coastal Engineering Journal 49:229-266. 2007 India; Japan GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Mangroves
Dominici, S. and T. Kowalke. 2007. Depositional dynamics and the record of ecosystem stability: Early Eocene faunal gradients in the Pyrenean foreland, Spain. Palaios 22:268-284. 2007 Spain Model Climate; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dorenbosch, M., W. C. E. P. Verberk, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2007. Influence of habitat configuration on connectivity between fish assemblages of Caribbean seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 334:103-116. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Erlandson, J. M., M. H. Graham, B. J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J. A. Estes, and R. S. Steneck. 2007. The kelp highway hypothesis: Marine ecology, the coastal migration theory, and the peopling of the Americas. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2:161-174. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Erwin, P. M. and R. W. Thacker. 2007. Incidence and identity of photosynthetic symbionts in Caribbean coral reef sponge assemblages. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87:1683-1692. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Faunce, C. H. and J. E. Serafy. 2007. Nearshore habitat use by gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) and bluestriped grunt (Haemulon sciurus): Environmental gradients and ontogenetic shifts. Bulletin of Marine Science 80:473-495. 2007 Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Halpern, B. S., K. A. Selkoe, F. Micheli, and C. V. Kappel. 2007. Evaluating and ranking the vulnerability of global marine ecosystems to anthropogenic threats. Conservation Biology 21:1301-1315. 2007 Global Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Point Source Discharges; Sea Temperatures
Hauser, I., W. Oschmann, and E. Gischler. 2007. Modern bivalve shell assemblages on three atolls offshore Belize (Central America, Caribbean Sea). Facies 53:451-478. 2007 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment
Haynes, D., J. Brodie, J. Waterhouse, Z. Bainbridge, D. Bass, and B. Hart. 2007. Assessment of the water quality and ecosystem health of the Great Barrier Reef (Australia): Conceptual models. Environmental Management 40:993-1003. 2007 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hernandez-Zanuy, A., J. L. Carballo, A. Garcia-Cagide, S. Naranjo, and M. Esquivel. 2007. Distribution and abundance of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata (Ascidiacea: Perophoridae) in Cuba [Distribucion y abundancia de la ascidia Ecteinascidia turbinata (Ascidiacea: Perophoridae) en Cuba]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 55:247-254. 2007 Cuba Mangroves
Huxham, M., E. Kimani, J. Newton, and J. Augley. 2007. Stable isotope records from otoliths as tracers of fish migration in a mangrove system. Journal of Fish Biology 70:1554-1567. 2007 Kenya Fish; Mangroves; Salinity
Kankara, R. S. and B. R. Subramanian. 2007. Oil spill sensitivity analysis and risk assessment for Gulf of Kachchh, India, using integrated modeling. Journal of Coastal Research 23:1251-1258. 2007 India Model; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills; Transportation Policies
Kelletat, D., S. R. Scheffers, and A. Scheffers. 2007. Field signatures of the SE-Asian mega-tsunami along the West Coast of Thailand compared to holocene paleo-tsunami from the Atlantic Region. Pure and Applied Geophysics 164:413-431. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Thailand Field Study & Monitoring; Model Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Protection
Kopp, D., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, M. Louis, and C. Bouchon. 2007. Diel differences in the seagrass fish assemblages of a Caribbean island in relation to adjacent habitat types. Aquatic Botany 87:31-37. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Morales, J., N. G. Santiago, and A. Fernandez. 2007. An FPGA implementation of image space reconstruction algorithm for hyperspectral imaging analysis. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6565. 2007 Mangroves
Nagelkerken, I. 2007. Are non-estuarine mangroves connected to coral reefs through fish migration? Bulletin of Marine Science 80:595-607. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Review Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I. and C. H. Faunce. 2007. Colonisation of artificial mangroves by reef fishes in a marine seascape. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 75:417-422. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nurse, L. and R. Moore. 2007. Critical considerations for future action during the second commitment period: A small islands' perspective. Natural Resources Forum 31:102-110. 2007 Global Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pawlik, J. R., S. E. McMurray, and T. P. Henkel. 2007. Abiotic factors control sponge ecology in Florida mangroves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 339:93-98. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Salinity; Sponges
Perry, C. 2007. Tropical coastal environments: coral reefs and mangroves. in C. Perry and K. Taylor, editors. Environmental sedimentology. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA. 2007 Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment
Petrat, L., L. Pettersson, P. Mumby, and P. Gaspar. 2007. Space for UNCBD and the due biodiversity project. European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Landscape Changes; Mangroves
Pittman, S. J., C. Caldow, S. D. Hile, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Using seascape types to explain the spatial patterns of fish in the mangroves of SW Puerto Rico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 348:273-284. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Platell, M. E., H. P. Ang, S. A. Hesp, and I. C. Potter. 2007. Comparisons between the influences of habitat, body size and season on the dietary composition of the sparid Acanthopagrus latus in a large marine embayment. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:626-634. 2007 Australia Bivalves; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Pollux, B. J. A., W. C. E. P. Verberk, M. Dorenbosch, E. Cocheret De La Moriniere, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2007. Habitat selection during settlement of three Caribbean coral reef fishes: Indications for directed settlement to seagrass beds and mangroves. Limnology and Oceanography 52:903-907. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ronnback, P., B. Crona, and L. Ingwall. 2007. The return of ecosystem goods and services in replanted mangrove forests: Perspectives from local communities in Kenya. Environmental Conservation 34:313-324. 2007 Kenya Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Valuation
Rutzler, K., S. Duran, and C. Piantoni. 2007. Adaptation of reef and mangrove sponges to stress: Evidence for ecological speciation exemplified by Chondrilla caribensis new species (Demospongiae, Chondrosida). Marine Ecology 28:95-111. 2007 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Samonte-Tan, G. P. B., A. T. White, M. A. Tercero, J. Diviva, E. Tabara, and C. Caballes. 2007. Economic valuation of coastal and marine resources: Bohol Marine Triangle, Philippines. Coastal Management 35:319-338. 2007 Philippines Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Sousa, W. P., P. G. Kennedy, B. J. Mitchell, and B. M. Ordonez L. 2007. Supply-side ecology in mangroves: Do propagule dispersal and seedling establishment explain forest structure? Ecological Monographs 77:53-76. 2007 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Swarnakumar, N. S., T. Thangaradjou, K. Sivakumar, and L. Kannan. 2007. Distribution of total heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal waters of the Great Nicobar with special reference to human pathogens. National Academy Science Letters 30:129-137. 2007 Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Unsworth, R. K. F., E. Wylie, D. J. Smith, and J. J. Bell. 2007. Diel trophic structuring of seagrass bed fish assemblages in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 72:81-88. 2007 Indonesia Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Valentine-Rose, L. M., J. A. Cherry, J. J. Culp, K. E. Perez, J. B. Pollock, D. A. Arrington, and C. A. Layman. 2007. Floral and faunal differences between fragmented and unfragmented Bahamian tidal creeks. Wetlands 27:702-718. 2007 Bahamas Fish; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Vanselow, K. A., M. Kolb, and T. Fickert. 2007. Destruction and regeneration of terrestrial, littoral and marine ecosystems on the Island of Guanaja/Honduras seven years after hurricane Mitch. Erdkunde 61:358-371. 2007 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Honduras; Caribbean Model Climate; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Verweij, M. C. and I. Nagelkerken. 2007. Short and long-term movement and site fidelity of juvenile Haemulidae in back-reef habitats of a Caribbean embayment. Hydrobiologia 592:257-270. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Verweij, M. C., I. Nagelkerken, K. E. M. Hol, A. H. J. B. Van Den Beld, and G. Van Der Velde. 2007. Space use of Lutjanus apodus including movement between a putative nursery and a coral reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:127-138. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Wetherbee, B. M., S. H. Gruber, and R. S. Rosa. 2007. Movement patterns of juvenile lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris within Atol das Rocas, Brazil: A nursery characterized by tidal extremes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:283-293. 2007 Apex Fish Predators; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Xu, D.-X. and G.-X. Zhang. 2007. Impact of human activities on coastal wetlands in China. Wetland Science 5:282-298. 2007 China Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
[No author name available]. 2006. News: News-in-brief: Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:246. 2006 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors
Adams, A. J., C. P. Dahlgren, G. T. Kellison, M. S. Kendall, C. A. Layman, J. A. Ley, I. Nagelkerken, and J. E. Serafy. 2006. Nursery function of tropical back-reef systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 318:287-301. 2006 Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Akkiraz, M. S., F. Akgun, S. Orcen, A. A. Bruch, and V. Mosbrugger. 2006. Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental significance of Bartonian-Priabonian (Middle-Late Eocene) microfossils from the Başceşme formation, Denizli Province, western Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 15:155-180. 2006 Climate; Mangroves; Sediment
Baisre, J. A. and Z. Arboleya. 2006. Going against the flow: Effects of river damming in Cuban fisheries. Fisheries Research 81:283-292. 2006 Cuba Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Boyer, J. N. 2006. Shifting N and P limitation along a north-south gradient of mangrove eestuaries in South Florida. Hydrobiologia 569:167-177. 2006 Florida Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bujang, J. S., M. H. Zakaria, and A. Arshad. 2006. Distribution and significance of seagrass ecosystems in Malaysia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 9:203-214. 2006 Malaysia Review Bivalves; Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Substrate
Carbery, K., R. Owen, T. Frickers, E. Otero, and J. Readman. 2006. Contamination of Caribbean coastal waters by the antifouling herbicide Irgarol 1051. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52:635-644. 2006 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Primary Production
Chen, P. 2006. Evaluation on service value of wetland ecosystem in Xiamen City. Wetland Science 4:101-107. 2006 Global; China GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Chimner, R. A., B. Fry, M. Y. Kaneshiro, and N. Cormier. 2006. Current extent and historical expansion of introduced mangroves on O'ahu, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 60:377-383. 2006 GIS & Maps Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chittaro, P. M., P. Usseglio, B. J. Fryer, and P. F. Sale. 2006. Spatial variation in otolith chemistry of Lutjanus apodus at Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 67:673-680. 2006 South & Central America; Belize Fish; Mangroves
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2006. Different surrounding landscapes may result in different fish assemblages in East African seagrass beds. Hydrobiologia 563:45-60. 2006 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2006. Seagrass beds and mangroves as potential nurseries for the threatened Indo-Pacific humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus and Caribbean rainbow parrotfish, Scarus guacamaia. Biological Conservation 129:277-282. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Planktivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Downs, C. A., R. H. Richmond, W. J. Mendiola, L. Rougee, and G. K. Ostrander. 2006. Cellular physiological effects of the MV Kyowa Violet fuel-oil spill on the hard coral, Porites lobata. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25:3171-3180. 2006 Micronesia Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
EJF. 2006. Nature�s defence against Tsunamis- a report on the impact of mangrove loss and shrimp farm development on coastal defences. Environmental Justice Foundation, London, UK. 2006 Sri Lanka; India Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Housing; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Esat, T. M. and Y. Yokoyama. 2006. Variability in the uranium isotopic composition of the oceans over glacial-interglacial timescales. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70:4140-4150. 2006 Papua New Guinea Climate; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Faust, M. A. 2006. Creation of the subgenus Testeria Faust subgen. nov. Protoperidinium Bergh from the SW Atlantic Ocean: Protoperidinium novella sp. nov. and Protoperidinium concinna sp., nov. Dinophyceae. Phycologia 45:9-Jan. 2006 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves
Frank, T. D. and J. S. Jell. 2006. Recent developments on a nearshore, terrigenous-influenced reef: Low Isles Reef, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 22:474-486. 2006 Australia Agriculture; Algae; Mangroves; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gischler, E., M. A. Toscano, and I. G. Macintyre. 2006. Comment on \Corrected western Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on calibrated 14C dates from Acropora palmata framework and intertidal mangrove peat\" by Toscano and Macintyre. Coral Reefs 22:257-270 (2003), and their response in Co. Coral Reefs 25:273-286. 2006 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize Mangroves; Stony Coral
Gratwicke, B., C. Petrovic, and M. R. Speight. 2006. Fish distribution and ontogenetic habitat preferences in non-estuarine lagoons and adjacent reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 76:191-210. 2006 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean Review; GIS & Maps Algae; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Grootaert, P. and N. L. Evenhuis. 2006. On the distribution of the marine genus Thinolestris Grootaert & Meuffels (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with a description of a new species from Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Zootaxa 59-68. 2006 Australia; Thailand; Malaysia; China Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Han, Q., X. Huang, P. Shi, and Q. Zhang. 2006. Coastal wetland in South China: Degradation trends, causes and protection countermeasures. Chinese Science Bulletin 51:121-128. 2006 China Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Scientific Research; Wetlands
Harborne, A. R., P. J. Mumby, F. Micheli, C. T. Perry, C. P. Dahlgren, K. E. Holmes, and D. R. Brumbaugh. 2006. The functional value of Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove habitats to ecosystem processes. Advances in Marine Biology 50:57-189. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Mitigation; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Jillian, L.-S.O., W. C. Lee, and S.-M. Phang. 2006. Hypothesizing marine provincialism on the basis of seaweed distribution in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 25:53-63. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Malaysia Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kendall, M. S. and K. A. Eschelbach. 2006. Spatial analysis of the benthic habitats within the limited-use zones around Vieques, Puerto Rico. Bulletin of Marine Science 79:389-400. 2006 Puerto Rico GIS & Maps Algae; Mangroves
L. Ballantine, D. and H. Ruiz. 2006. Peyssonnelia imbricata sp. nov. (Peyssonneliaceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea. Botanica Marina 49:431-437. 2006 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves
Lan, Z. and G. Chen. 2006. Degradation of main ecosystems in South China Sea and corresponding conservation countermeasures. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 17:1978-1982. 2006 Global; China Mangroves
Lan, Z.-H., Y. Liao, Y.-Z. Xiao, and G.-Z. Chen. 2006. Degradation and conservation of coastal wetlands in South China Sea. Wetland Science 4:204-209. 2006 Global; China Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Langer, M. R. and J. H. Lipps. 2006. Assembly and persistence of foraminifera in introduced mangroves on Moorea, French Polynesia. Micropaleontology 52:343-355. 2006 New Caledonia Algae; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lenotre, N. and R. Pedreros. 2006. The impact of climate change on coastlines [Impact du changement climatique sur le littoral]. Geosciences 2006:36-43. 2006 France Model Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Mazzullo, S. J. 2006. Late Pliocene to Holocene platform evolution in northern Belize, and comparison with coeval deposits in southern Belize and the Bahamas. Sedimentology 53:1015-1047. 2006 South & Central America; Bahamas; Belize Climate; Mangroves; Sediment
McLeod, E. and R. V. Salm. 2006. Managing mangroves for resilience to climate change. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 2006 Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Morales, J., N. Medero, N. G. Santiago, and J. Sosa. 2006. Hardware implementation of image space reconstruction algorithm using FPGAs. Pages 433-436 in Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems. 2006 Mangroves
Mous, P. J., Y. Sadovy, A. Halim, and J. S. Pet. 2006. Capture for culture: Artificial shelters for grouper collection in SE Asia. Fish and Fisheries 7:58-72. 2006 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Mumby, P. J. 2006. Connectivity of reef fish between mangroves and coral reefs: algorithms for the design of marine reserves at seascape scales. Biological Conservation 128:215-222. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I., G. Van Der Velde, W. C. E. P. Verberk, and M. Dorenbosch. 2006. Segregation along multiple resource axes in a tropical seagrass fish community. Marine Ecology Progress Series 308:79-89. 2006 Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Ramade, F. and H. Roche. 2006. Pollutant effects on coral reefs ecosystems [Effets des polluants sur les ecosystemes recifaux]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 61:Mar-33. 2006 Global Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Richardson, S. L. 2006. Response of epiphytic foraminiferal communities to natural eutrophication in seagrass habitats off Man O'War Cay, Belize. Marine Ecology 27:404-416. 2006 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Mangroves; Marine Birds; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Southward, A. J., C. M. Young, and L. A. Fuiman, editors. 2006. Advances in marine biology: volume 50. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 2006 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Hydrocoral; Mangroves; Octopus & Squid; Seagrasses
Steadman, D. W. and S. Jones. 2006. Long-term trends in prehistoric fishing and hunting on Tobago, West Indies. Latin American Antiquity 17:316-334. 2006 Tobago; India Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Sea Turtles
Sudmeier-Rieux, K., H. Masundire, A. Rizvi, and S. Rietbergen, editors. 2006. Ecosystems, livelihoods and disasters: an integrated approach to disaster risk management. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gl�nd (Switzerland) & Cambridge (UK). 2006 Mangroves; Shoreline Protection
United Nations Environment Program - World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC). 2006. In the front line: shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. 2006 Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Mexico Climate; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Verweij, M. C., I. Nagelkerken, D. De Graaff, M. Peeters, E. J. Bakker, and G. Van Der Velde. 2006. Structure, food and shade attract juvenile coral reef fish to mangrove and seagrass habitats: A field experiment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:257-268. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Victor, S., L. Neth, Y. Golbuu, E. Wolanski, and R. H. Richmond. 2006. Sedimentation in mangroves and coral reefs in a wet tropical island, Pohnpei, Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 66:409-416. 2006 Micronesia Mangroves; Salinity; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wakibia, J. G., J. J. Bolton, D. W. Keats, and L. M. Raitt. 2006. Factors influencing the growth rates of three commercial eucheumoids at coastal sites in southern Kenya. Journal of Applied Phycology 18:565-573. 2006 Kenya Aquaculture; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity
Wilkinson, C., A. Caillaud, L. DeVantier, and R. South. 2006. Strategies to reverse the decline in valuable and diverse coral reefs, mangroves and fisheries: The bottom of the J-Curve in Southeast Asia? Ocean and Coastal Management 49:764-778. 2006 Global; Southeast Asia Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Zhao, M.-X., K.-F. Yu, and Q.-M. Zhang. 2006. Review on coral reefs biodiversity and ecological function. Acta Ecologica Sinica 26:186-194. 2006 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); China Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Salinity; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
[No author name available]. 2005. IMAPS points the way. GEO: connexion 4:36-38. 2005 Indian Ocean; India; England Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Housing; Mangroves
Alongi, D.M., A.D. McKinnon. 2005. The cycling and fate of terrestrially-derived sediments and nutrients in the coastal zone of the Great Barrier Reef shelf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:239-252. 2005 Australia; Europe Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Arce, J. A. 2005. REMOTE SENSING OF BENTHIC HABITATS IN SOUTHWESTERN PUERTO RICO. Master's Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2005 Puerto Rico Remote Sensing Climate; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Baca, B., G. A. Ward, C. H. Lane, and P. A. Schuler. 2005. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of dispersed oil on nearshore tropical ecosystems derived from the 20 year \TROPICS\" field study". Pages 11272-11275 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Panama; Iran Review; Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Substrate
Ballou, T. G., S. C. Hess, C. D. Getter, A. Knap, R. Dodge, and T. Sleeter. 2005. Final results of the api tropics oil spill and dispersant use experiments in panama. Page 3089 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Panama Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Wetlands
Ballou, T. G., S. C. Hess, R. E. Dodge, A. H. Knap, and T. D. Sleeter. 2005. Effects of untreated and chemically dispersed oil on tropical marine communities: A long-term field experiment. Page 2365 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Bell, A.M., N.C. Duke. 2005. Effects of Photosystem II inhibiting herbicides on mangroves--preliminary toxicology trials. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:297-307. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves
Bender, K. and R. Taylor. 2005. Oil spill contingency planning in Thailand. Page 5512 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Thailand Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Blanchon, P. 2005. Comments on \corrected western Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on calibrated 14C dates from Acropora palmata framework and intertidal mangrove peat\" by Toscano and Macintyre [Coral Reefs (2003) 22:257-270]". Coral Reefs 24:183-186. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Mangroves; Stony Coral
Borges, A. V. 2005. Do we have enough pieces of the jigsaw to integrate CO2 fluxes in the coastal ocean? Estuaries 28:27-Mar. 2005 Global CO2; Mangroves
Bums, K., J. MacPherson, J. Tierney, M. Stoelting, L. Yelle, and D. Jorissen. 2005. Sediment chemistry studies related to the 1986 Bahia las Minas (Panama) oil spill. Page 7605 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Carrubba, L. and J. Torres. 2005. Bibliography of coral reef and coralline communities in Puerto Rico. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Lajas, Puerto Rico. 2005 Puerto Rico Remote Sensing Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Chatenoux, B. and P. Peduzzi. 2005. Analysis on the role of bathymetry and other environmental parameters in the impacts from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. UNEP/GRID, Europe. 2005 Global; Indian Ocean; India Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Infrastructure; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Chittaro, P. M., P. Usseglio, and P. F. Sale. 2005. Variation in fish density, assemblage composition and relative rates of predation among mangrove, seagrass and coral reef habitats. Environmental Biology of Fishes 72:175-187. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Chittaro, P. M., P. Usseglio, B. J. Fryer, and P. F. Sale. 2005. Using otolith microchemistry of Haemulon flavolineatum (French Grunt) to characterize mangroves and coral reefs throughout Turneffe Atoll, Belize: Difficulties at small spatial scales. Estuaries 28:373-381. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves
Chong, Jo. 2005. Protective values of mangrove and coral ecosystems: a review of methods and evidence. IUCN. 2005 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Recreational Opportunities; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Collin, R. 2005. Ecological monitoring and biodiversity surveys at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Boas del Toro Research Station. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:367-373. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Crigger, D. K., G. A. Graves, and D. L. Fike. 2005. Lake Worth Lagoon conceptual ecological model. Wetlands 25:943-954. 2005 Florida Model Boating Activities; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Crosse, W. 2005. The opportunities and constraints in using cost-effective satellite remote sensing for biodiversity monitoring. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves
Cubit, J. D., C. D. Getter, J. B. C. Jackson, S. D. Garrity, H. M. Caffey, R. C. Thompson, E. Weil, and M. J. Marshall. 2005. An oil spill affecting coral reefs and mangroves on the caribbean coast of Panama. Page 5432 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment
D'Agnes, H., J. Castro, L. D'Agnes, and R. Montebon. 2005. Gender issues within the population-environment nexus in Philippines coastal areas. Coastal Management 33:447-458. 2005 Philippines Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Cultural Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dennis, G. D., W. F. Smith-Vaniz, P. L. Colin, D. A. Hensley, and M. A. McGehee. 2005. Shore fishes from islands of the Mona Passage, Greater Antilles with comments on their zoogeography. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:716-743. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Antilles; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Diaz, M. C. 2005. Common sponges from shallow marine habitats from Bocas del Toro region, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:465-475. 2005 South & Central America; Cuba; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Dorenbosch, M., M. G. G. Grol, M. J. A. Christianen, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2005. Indo-Pacific seagrass beds and mangroves contribute to fish density and diversity on adjacent coral reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 302:63-76. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Tanzania; Comoros; India Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Duke, N. C., A. M. Bell, D. K. Pederson, C. M. Roelfsema, and S. B. Nash. 2005. Herbicides implicated as the cause of severe mangrove dieback in the Mackay region, NE Australia: Consequences for marine plant habitats of the GBR World Heritage Area. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:308-324. 2005 Australia Review Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Engel, S. and J. R. Pawlik. 2005. Interactions among Florida sponges. II. Mangrove habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 303:145-152. 2005 Florida Encrusting Sponges; Mangroves; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Faust, M. A., R. W. Litaker, M. W. Vandersea, S. R. Kibler, and P. A. Tester. 2005. Dinoflagellate diversity and abundance in two Belizean coral-reef mangrove lagoons: A test of Margalef's mandala. Atoll Research Bulletin 103-131. 2005 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton
Garrity, S. D., S. C. Levings, and K. A. Burns. 2005. Chronic oiling and long-term effects of the 1986 galeta spill on fringing mangroves. Page 1041 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Bivalves; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Point Source Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Getter, C. D. and R. R. Lewis III. 2005. Spill response that benefits the long-term recovery of oiled mangroves. Pages 10164-10175 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Florida; Puerto Rico Review Mangroves; Mitigation; Petroleum Spills
Getter, C. D., B. J. Baca, T. G. Ballou, M. S. Brown, A. H. Knap, R. E. Dodge, and T. D. Sleeter. 2005. Tropical oil pollution investigations in coastal systems (TROPICS). Page 8631 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sediment
Gribble, N. A. 2005. MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand. 2005 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Guo, C.L., H.W. Zhou, Y.S. Wong, and N.F.Y. Tam. 2005. Isolation of PAH-degrading bacteria from mangrove sediments and their biodegradation potential. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2005 Mangroves; Microorganisms; Remediation; Sediment
Guzman, H. M., P. A. G. Barnes, C. E. Lovelock, and I. C. Feller. 2005. A site description of the CARICOMP mangrove, seagrass and coral reef sites in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:430-440. 2005 Panama Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Helmy, T. and R. W. M. Van Soest. 2005. Amphimedon species (Porifera: Niphatidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea: Filling the gaps in the distribution of a common pantropical genus. Zootaxa 18-Jan. 2005 Indian Ocean; India Mangroves; Sponges
Jones, A. C., J. E. Blum, and J. R. Pawlik. 2005. Testing for defensive synergy in Caribbean sponges: Bad taste or glass spicules? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 322:67-81. 2005 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study; Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Encrusting Sponges; Fish; Mangroves; Planktivorous Fish; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Juman, R. A. 2005. Biomass, litterfall and decomposition rates for the fringed Rhizophora mangle forest lining the Bon Accord Lagoon, Tobago. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:207-217. 2005 South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Juman, R. A. 2005. The structure and productivity of the Thalassia testudinum community in Bon Accord Lagoon, Tobago. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:219-227. 2005 South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Keller, B. D. 2005. On evaluating ecological effects of a major oil spill on the caribbean coast of Panama. Page 5867 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Lab Study; Model Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Kibler, S. R., M. A. Faust, M. W. Vandersea, S. M. Varnam, R. W. Litaker, and P. A. Tester. 2005. Water column structure and circulation in the Main Channel, Twin Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 133-156. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Krupp, F. and O. Khushaim. 2005. The establishment of a marine wildlife sanctuary following the 1991 gulf war oil spill. Page 2611 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Saudi Arabia; Europe Mangroves; Marine Birds; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Lang, M. A. 2005. Smithsonian institution coral reef research. in Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Panama; Caribbean Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Pathogens; Sea Urchins
LeGore, R. S., M. P. Hardin, and D. Ter-Ghazaryan. 2005. Organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:145-153. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch
Ley, J. A. 2005. Linking fish assemblages and attributes of mangrove estuaries in tropical Australia: Criteria for regional marine reserves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 305:41-57. 2005 Australia Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Manson, F. J., N. R. Loneragan, B. D. Harch, G. A. Skilleter, and L. Williams. 2005. A broad-scale analysis of links between coastal fisheries production and mangrove extent: A case-study for northeastern Australia. Fisheries Research 74:69-85. 2005 Australia Model Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Michel, J., R. Yender, E. H. Owens, G. Sergy, R. D. Martin, and J. A. Tarpley. 2005. Improving the shoreline assessment process with new scat forms. Pages 3773-3780 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Neira, R. and J. R. Cantera. 2005. Taxonomic composition and distribution of the echinoderms associations in the littoral ecosystems from the Colombian Pacific [Composicion taxonomica y distribucion de las asociaciones de equinodermos en los ecosistemas litorales del Pacifico Colombiano. Revista de biología tropical 195-206. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate
Nunn, P. D. 2005. Reconstructing tropical paleoshorelines using archaeological data: Examples from the Fiji archipelago, Southwest Pacific. Journal of Coastal Research 21:15-25. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji; Europe Climate; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ramachandran, S., S. Anitha, V. Balamurugan, K. Dharanirajan, K. Ezhil Vendhan, M. I. P. Divien, A. Senthil Vel, I. Sujjahad Hussain, and A. Udayaraj. 2005. Ecological impact of tsunami on Nicobar Islands (Camorta, Katchal, Nancowry and Trinkat). Current Science 89:195-200. 2005 Mangroves
Rocha, R. M., S. B. Faria, and T. R. Moreno. 2005. Ascidians from Bocas del Toro, Panama. I. Biodiversity. Caribbean Journal of Science 41:600-612. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves
Rohmann, S. O., J. J. Hayes, R. C. Newhall, M. E. Monaco, and R. W. Grigg. 2005. The area of potential shallow-water tropical and subtropical coral ecosystems in the United States. Coral Reefs 24:370-383. 2005 Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Sediment
Russell, D. J. and A. J. McDougall. 2005. Movement and juvenile recruitment of mangrove jack, Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål), in northern Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 56:465-475. 2005 Australia Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Schaffelke, B., J. Mellors, and N. C. Duke. 2005. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef region: Responses of mangrove, seagrass and macroalgal communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:279-296. 2005 Australia Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Sordelli, C. and N. Garcia. 2005. Venezuelan national oil spill training program. Page 8972 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Venezuela Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Mangroves; Military; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Stieglitz, T. 2005. Submarine groundwater discharge into the near-shore zone of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:51-59. 2005 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sunda, W. G., R. W. Litaker, D. R. Hardison, and P. A. Tester. 2005. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its relation to algal pigments in diverse waters of the Belize coastal lagoon and barrier reef system. Marine Ecology Progress Series 287:22-Nov. 2005 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production
Thorhaug, A., F. McDonald, J. McFarlane, B. Carby, M. Anderson, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and P. Gayle. 2005. Dispersed oil effects on tropical habitats: Preliminary laboratory results of dispersed oil testing on Jamaica coralsand seagrass. Page 1988 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Jamaica Lab Study; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Thorhaug, A., G. Sidrak, K. Aiken, W. Walker, H. J. Teas, F. McDonald, B. Carby, R. Reese, M. Anderson, M. Rodriquez, B. Miller, V. Gordon, and J. McFarlane. 2005. Dispersant use for tropical nearshore waters: Jamaica. Page 1968 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean; Europe Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Toscano, M. A. and I. G. MacIntyre. 2005. Blanchon P, Comment on Toscano MA and Macintyre IG (2003): Corrected western Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on calibrated 14C dates from Acropora palmata framework and intertidal mangrove peat. Coral Reefs 22:257-270. Coral Reefs 24:187-190. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Mangroves; Stony Coral
Victor, S., Y. Golbuu, E. Wolanski, and R. H. Richmond. 2005. Fine sediment trapping in two mangrove-fringed estuaries exposed to contrasting land-use intensity, Palau, Micronesia. Wetlands Ecology and Management 12:277-283. 2005 Palau; Micronesia Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ward, G. A., B. Baca, W. Cyriacks, R. E. Dodge, and A. Knap. 2005. Continuing long-term studies of the tropics Panama oil and dispersed oil spill sites. Pages 9644-9652 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment
Weis, J. S. and P. Weis. 2005. Use of intertidal mangrove and sea wall habitats by coral reef fishes in the Wakatobi Marine Park, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 53:119-124. 2005 Indonesia Apex Fish Predators; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Wilson, S. K., S. Street, and T. Sato. 2005. Discarded queen conch (Strombus gigas) shells as shelter sites for fish. Marine Biology 147:179-188. 2005 South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch
Woodroffe, S. A., B. P. Horton, P. Larcombe, and J. E. Whittaker. 2005. Intertidal mangrove foraminifera from the central Great Barrier Reef Shelf, Australia: Implications for sea-level reconstruction. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 35:259-270. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Wulff, J. L. 2005. Trade-offs in resistance to competitors and predators, and their effects on the diversity of tropical marine sponges. Journal of Animal Ecology 74:313-321. 2005 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves; Sponges
Zinke, J., J. J. G. Reijmer, M. Taviani, W.-C. Dullo, and B. Thomassin. 2005. Facies and faunal assemblage changes in response to the Holocene transgression in the Lagoon of Mayotte (Comoro Archipelago, SW Indian Ocean). Facies 50:391-408. 2005 Indian Ocean; Mayotte; India Mangroves; Sediment
Aller, R. C. and N. E. Blair. 2004. Early diagenetic remineralization of sedimentary organic C in the Gulf of Papua deltaic complex (Papua New Guinea): Net loss of terrestrial C and diagenetic fractionation of C isotopes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68:1815-1825. 2004 Global; Papua New Guinea Model CO2; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aller, R. C., A. Hannides, C. Heilbrun, and C. Panzeca. 2004. Coupling of early diagenetic processes and sedimentary dynamics in tropical shelf environments: The Gulf of Papua deltaic complex. Continental Shelf Research 24:2455-2486. 2004 Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Climate; CO2; Mangroves; Sediment
Boyer, K. E., P. Fong, A. R. Armitage, and R. A. Cohen. 2004. Elevated nutrient content of tropical macroalgae increases rates of herbivory in coral, seagrass, and mangrove habitats. Coral Reefs 23:530-538. 2004 Honduras Algae; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Chittaro, P. M., B. J. Fryer, and P. F. Sale. 2004. Discrimination of French grunts (Haemulon flavolineatum, Desmarest, 1823) from mangrove and coral reef habitats using otolith microchemistry. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:169-183. 2004 South & Central America; Bahamas; Belize Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves
Cocheret De La Moriniere, E., I. Nagelkerken, H. Van Der Meij, and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. What attracts juvenile coral reef fish to mangroves: Habitat complexity or shade? Marine Biology 144:139-145. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dennis, G. D., D. Hensley, P. L. Colin, and J. J. Kimmel. 2004. New records of marine fishes from the Puerto Rican Plateau. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:70-87. 2004 Mangroves
Diaz, M. C., K. P. Smith, and K. Rutzler. 2004. Sponge species richness and abundance as indicators of mangrove epibenthic community health. Atoll Research Bulletin 17-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Index or Indicator Encrusting Sponges; Mangroves; Sponges; Substrate; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Dorenbosch, M., M. C. Van Riel, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. The relationship of reef fish densities to the proximity of mangrove and seagrass nurseries. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 60:37-48. 2004 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Eggleston, D. B., C. P. Dahlgren, and E. G. Johnson. 2004. Fish density, diversity, and size-structure within multiple back reef habitats of key west national wildlife refuge. Bulletin of Marine Science 75:175-204. 2004 GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Halpern, B. S. 2004. Are mangroves a limiting resource for two coral reef fishes? Marine Ecology Progress Series 272:93-98. 2004 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Hesp, S. A., N. G. Hall, and I. C. Potter. 2004. Size-related movements of Rhabdosargus sarba in three different environments and their influence on estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Marine Biology 144:449-462. 2004 Australia Model Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Hoedemakers, K. and J. Batllori. 2004. Fish otoliths from the early and middle Miocene of the Penedes (Catalunya, Spain). Batalleria 12:105-134. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Spain Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves
Kieckbusch, D. K., M. S. Koch, J. E. Serafy, and W. T. Anderson. 2004. Trophic linkages among primary producers and consumers in fringing mangroves of subtropical lagoons. Bulletin of Marine Science 74:271-285. 2004 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Caribbean Algae; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Substrate
Lalley, T. 2004. Up to 26 times more fish found on reefs near mangrove forests, new nature study shows. Forestry Chronicle 80:326. 2004 Fish; Mangroves
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, C. S. Yentsch, M. M. Littler, D. S. Littler, and B. Kakuk. 2004. The relative importance of nutrient enrichment and herbivory on macroalgal communities near Norman's Pond Cay, Exumas Cays, Bahamas: A \natural\" enrichment experiment". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 298:275-301. 2004 Bahamas Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Discharges; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Layman, C. A., D. A. Arrington, R. B. Langerhans, and B. R. Silliman. 2004. Degree of fragmentation affects fish assemblage structure in Andros Island (Bahamas) estuaries. Caribbean Journal of Science 40:232-244. 2004 Bahamas Corallivorous Fish; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Littler, M. M., D. S. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2004. Extraordinary mound-building forms of Avrainvillea (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta): Their experimental taxonomy, comparative functional morphology and ecological strategies. Atoll Research Bulletin 26-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Lord-Boring, C., I. J. Zelo, and Z. J. Nixon. 2004. Abandoned vessels: Impacts to coral reefs, seagrass and mangroves in the US Caribbean and pacific territories with implications for removal. Marine Technology Society Journal 38:26-28. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Security Policies; Storms & Hurricanes
Mercurio, P., K. A. Burns, and A. Negri. 2004. Testing the ecotoxicology of vegetable versus mineral based lubricating oils: 1. Degradation rates using tropical marine microbes. Environmental Pollution 129:165-173. 2004 Lab Study Mangroves; Microorganisms
Mitten, S., C. S. McKeon, and I. C. Feller. 2004. Winter and summer bird communities of Twin Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 14-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
Mumby, P. J., A. J. Edwards, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, K. C. Lindeman, P. G. Blackwell, A. Gall, M. I. Gorczynska, A. R. Harborne, C. L. Pescod., H. Renken, C. C. C. Wabnitz, and G. Llewenyn. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427:533-536. 2004 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I. and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. Are Caribbean mangroves important feeding grounds for juvenile reef fish from adjacent seagrass beds? Marine Ecology Progress Series 274:143-151. 2004 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Antilles; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I. and G. Van Der Velde. 2004. Relative importance of interlinked mangroves and seagrass beds as feeding habitats for juvenile reef fish on a Caribbean island. Marine Ecology Progress Series 274:153-159. 2004 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Ogata, H. Y., A. C. Emata, E. S. Garibay, and H. Furuita. 2004. Fatty acid composition of five candidate aquaculture species in Central Philippines. Aquaculture 236:361-375. 2004 Philippines Aquaculture; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish
Ott, J. and M. Bright. 2004. Sessile ciliates with bacterial ectosymbionts from Twin Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 7-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Microorganisms
Rodriguez, W. and I. C. Feller. 2004. Mangrove landscape characterization and change in Twin Cays, Belize using aerial photography and IKONOS satellite data. Atoll Research Bulletin 22-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Nutrients
Salgado-Barragan, J., N. Mendez, and A. Toledano-Granados. 2004. Ficopomatus miamiensis (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) and Styela canopus (Ascidiacea: Styelidae), non-native species in Urias estuary, SE Gulf of California, Mexico. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 45:167-173. 2004 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Panama; Mexico Ballast Discharge; Invasive Species; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Worms
Sterrer, W. 2004. Gnathostomulida from the Twin Cays, Belize, mangrove community. Atoll Research Bulletin 3-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Taylor, D. S., W. P. Davis, and B. J. Turner. 2004. Groveling in the mangroves: 16 years in pursuit of the cyprinodont fish Rivulus Marmoratus on the Belize Cays. Atoll Research Bulletin 14-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize Field Study & Monitoring Fish; Mangroves
Vaidyanadhan, R. 2004. Coral reefs and mangrove habitats. Journal of the Geological Society of India 64:824. 2004 Mangroves
Verheij, E., S. Makoloweka, and H. Kalombo. 2004. Collaborative coastal management improves coral reefs and fisheries in Tanga, Tanzania. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:309-320. 2004 Tanzania Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Walsh, J. P. and C. A. Nittrouer. 2004. Mangrove-bank sedimentation in a mesotidal environment with large sediment supply, Gulf of Papua. Marine Geology 208:225-248. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Model; Remote Sensing Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Walsh, J. P., C. A. Nittrouer, C. M. Palinkas, A. S. Ogston, R. W. Sternberg, and G. J. Brunskill. 2004. Clinoform mechanics in the Gulf of Papua, New Guinea. Continental Shelf Research 24:2487-2510. 2004 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Winston, J. E. 2004. Bryozoans from Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 14-Jan. 2004 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
Zhang, Q. 2004. Coastal bio-geomorphologic zonation of coral reefs and mangroves and tide level control. Journal of Coastal Research 202-211. 2004 China Mangroves; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Aguado, M. T. and E. Lopez. 2003. Paraonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Coiba National Park (Pacific Ocean, Panama), with the description of a new species of Aricidea Webster, 1879 [Paraonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) del Parque Nacional de Coiba (Pacifico, Panama), con la descripcion. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 76:363-370. 2003 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama; Pacific Ocean; Mexico Mangroves; Marine Worms; Sediment
Alibert, C., L. Kinsley, S. J. Fallon, M. T. McCulloch, R. Berkelmans, and F. McAllister. 2003. Source of trace element variability in Great Barrier Reef corals affected by the Burdekin flood plumes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67:231-246. 2003 Australia Discharges; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alsharhan, A. S. and C. G. ST .C . Kendall. 2003. Holocene coastal carbonates and evaporites of the southern Arabian Gulf and their ancient analogues. Earth-Science Reviews 61:191-243. 2003 South & Central America; Australia; Middle East; United Arab Emirates; Mexico; Europe Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment
Asch, R. G. and D. D. Turgeon. 2003. Detection of gaps in the spatial coverage of coral reef monitoring projects in the US Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 51:127-140. 2003 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Haiti; Jamaica; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
Cheevaporn, V. and P. Menasveta. 2003. Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:43-51. 2003 Thailand Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Plankton; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Christensen, J. D., C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, M. E. Monaco, M. S. Kendall, and R. S. Appeldoorn. 2003. Cross-shelf habitat utilization patterns of reef fishes in southwestern Puerto Rico. Gulf and Caribbean Research 14:9-27. 2003 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Cocheret De La Moriniere, E., B. J. A. Pollux, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2003. Diet shifts of Caribbean grunts (Haemulidae) and snappers (Lutjanidae) and the relation with nursery-to-coral reef migrations. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:1079-1089. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Cocheret de la Moriniere, E., B. J. A. Pollux, I. Nagelkerken, M. A. Hemminga, A. H. L. Huiskes, and G. Van der Velde. 2003. Ontogenetic dietary changes of coral reef fishes in the mangrove-seagrass-reef continuum: Stable isotopes and gut-content analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 246:279-289. 2003 Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Creary, M. M. 2003. A simplified field guide to the bryozoan species found on the roots of the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) in and around Kingston Harbour, Jamaica, W.I. Bulletin of Marine Science 73:521-526. 2003 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Substrate
Dance, S. K., I. Lane, and J. D. Bell. 2003. Variation in short-term survival of cultured sandfish (Holothuria scabra) released in mangrove-seagrass and coral reef flat habitats in Solomon Islands. Aquaculture 220:495-505. 2003 Solomon Islands Echinoderms; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
De Sloover, J. R. 2003. Terrestrial vegetation patterns and plant communities on Pacific coral cays. Scripta Botanica Belgica 24:155-167. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model Mangroves; Marine Birds; Skeletal Coral
Desse, M. 2003. Survival coastline management difficulties in Haiti: The example of Haiti [Les difficult́es de gestion d'un littoral de survie ̀a Haiti. L'exemple du golfe de la Gonave]. Cahiers de Geographie du Quebec 47:63-83. 2003 Haiti Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Faust, M. A. 2003. Protoperidinium belizeanum sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) from manatee Cay, Belize, Central America. Journal of Phycology 39:390-394. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
Gabrie, C., M. Oberlinkens, M. Porcher, and J.-P. Quod. 2003. A management plan for the lagoon of Mayotte [Plan de gestion du lagon de Mayotte]. Oceanis 29:355-373. 2003 Mayotte Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas
Gischler, E. 2003. Holocene lagoonal development in the isolated carbonate platforms off Belize. Sedimentary Geology 159:113-132. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gischler, E., I. Hauser, K. Heinrich, and U. Scheitel. 2003. Characterization of depositional environments in isolated carbonate platforms based on benthic foraminifera, Belize, Central America. Palaios 18:236-255. 2003 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Index or Indicator Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Golbuu, Y., S. Victor, E. Wolanski, and R. H. Richmond. 2003. Trapping of fine sediment in a semi-enclosed bay, Palau, Micronesia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 57:941-949. 2003 Palau; Micronesia Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goodwin, I. D. and E. E. Grossman. 2003. Middle to late Holocene coastal evolution along the south coast of Upolu Island, Samoa. Marine Geology 202:16-Jan. 2003 Samoa Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level
Horton, B. P., P. Larcombe, S. A. Woodroffe, J. E. Whittaker, M. R. Wright, and C. Wynn. 2003. Contemporary foraminiferal distributions of a mangrove environment, Great Barrier Reef coastline, Australia: Implications for sea-level reconstructions. Marine Geology 198:225-243. 2003 Australia Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Huang, L., Y. Tan, X. Song, X. Huang, H. Wang, S. Zhang, J. Dong, and R. Chen. 2003. The status of the ecological environment and a proposed protection strategy in Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:180-186. 2003 China Fish; Mangroves; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Plankton; Shoreline Protection; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Hughes, L. 2003. Climate change and Australia: Trends, projections and impacts. Austral Ecology 28:423-443. 2003 Global; Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Climate; CO2; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Javaux, E. J. and D. B. Scott. 2003. Illustration of modern benthic foraminifera from Bermuda and remarks on distribution in other subtropical/tropical areas. Palaeontologia Electronica 6. 2003 Bermuda Mangroves; Sediment
Keegan, W. F., R. W. Portell, and J. Slapcinsky. 2003. Changes in invertebrate taxa at two-pre-Columbian sites in southwestern Jamaica, AD 800-1500. Journal of Archaeological Science 30:1607-1617. 2003 South & Central America; Jamaica; Columbia; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Invertebrates; Mangroves; Molluscs; Salinity; Seagrasses; Substrate
Langer, M. R. and J. H. Lipps. 2003. Foraminiferal distribution and diversity, Madang Reef and Lagoon, Papua New Guinea. Coral Reefs 22:143-154. 2003 Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lindley, I. D. 2003. Echinoids of the Kairuku Formation (Lower Pliocene), Yule Island, Papua New Guinea: Regularia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 124:137-151. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea; Java Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Linton, D. M. and G. F. Warner. 2003. Biological indicators in the Caribbean coastal zone and their role in integrated coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:261-276. 2003 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review; Index or Indicator Climate; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Mitigation; Nutrients; Seagrasses
Mamboya, F. A., H. B. Pratap, and M. Bjork. 2003. Heavy metal contamination in the Western Indian Ocean (a review). Page 1437 in Journal De Physique. IV : JP. 2003 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mauritius; Reunion; India Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Moberg, F. and P. Ronnback. 2003. Ecosystem services of the tropical seascape: Interactions, substitutions and restoration. Ocean and Coastal Management 46:27-46. 2003 Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Murray, M. R., S. A. Zisman, P. A. Furley, D. M. Munro, J. Gibson, J. Ratter, S. Bridgewater, C. D. Minty, and C. J. Place. 2003. The mangroves of Belize Part 1. distribution, composition and classification. Forest Ecology and Management 174:265-279. 2003 South & Central America; Belize GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Peresypkin, V. I., E. A. Romankevich, and N. A. Belyaev. 2003. Paraffin hydrocarbons and lignin in the bottom sediments of the Blake-Bahama abyssal plain. Oceanology 43:503-511. 2003 Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment
Randall, J. E. and P. S. Lobel. 2003. Halichoeres socialis: A new labrid fish from Belize. Copeia 124-130. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Rutzler, K., R. W. M. Van Soest, and B. Alvarez. 2003. Svenzea zeai, a Caribbean reef sponge with a giant larva, and Scopalina ruetzleri: A comparative fine-structural approach to classification (Demospongiae, Halichondrida, Dictyonellidae). Invertebrate Biology 122:203-222. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Sponges
Serafy, J. E., C. H. Faunce, and J. J. Lorenz. 2003. Mangrove shoreline fishes of Biscayne Bay, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 72:161-180. 2003 Florida Model Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sheridan, P. and C. Hays. 2003. Are mangroves nursery habitat for transient fishes and decapods? Wetlands 23:449-458. 2003 Review Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Singh, H. S. 2003. Marine protected areas in India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 32:226-233. 2003 India GIS & Maps Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Wetlands
Singh, H. S. 2003. Sea mammals in marine protected area in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat State, India. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 32:258-262. 2003 India Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Smith, C. L., J. C. Tyler, W. P. Davis, R. S. Jones, D. G. Smith, and C. C. Baldwin. 2003. Fishes of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-80. 2003 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Planktivorous Fish
Sponaugle, S., J. Fortuna, K. Grorud, and T. Lee. 2003. Dynamics of larval fish assemblages over a shallow coral reef in the Florida Keys. Marine Biology 143:175-189. 2003 Florida Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves
Stanley, D. R. and C. A. Wilson. 2003. Seasonal and spatial variation in the biomass and size frequency distribution of fish associated with oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 123-153 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2003 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda; Mexico Apex Fish Predators; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Rigs; Piscivorous Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Toscano, M. A. and I. G. Macintyre. 2003. Corrected western Atlantic sea-level curve for the last 11,000 years based on calibrated 14C dates from Acropora palmata framework and intertidal mangrove peat. Coral Reefs 22:257-270. 2003 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Model Mangroves; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Versteegh, E. 2003. Migrations in tropical reef fish. 2003 Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Wilson, G., A. R. G. Price, T. Huntington, and S. C. Wilson. 2003. Environmental status of Yemen's Gulf of Aden coast determined from rapid field assessment and satellite imagery. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 6:119-129. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses
Wong, P. P. 2003. Where have all the beaches gone? Coastal erosion in the tropics. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 24:111-132. 2003 Southeast Asia Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Zepp, R. G. 2003. UV exposure of coral assemblages in the Florida Keys. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. 2003 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Light; Littering; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Zooxanthellae
Zinke, J., J. J. G. Reijmer, and B. A. Thomassin. 2003. Systems tracts sedimentology in the lagoon of Mayotte associated with the Holocene transgression. Sedimentary Geology 160:57-79. 2003 Indian Ocean; Mayotte; India Mangroves; Sediment
Barker, D. R. 2002. Biodiversity conservation in the wider Caribbean Region. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 11:74-83. 2002 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Review Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Bech, M. 2002. Imposex and tributyltin contamination as a consequence of the establishment of a marina, and increasing yachting activities at Phuket Island, Thailand. Environmental Pollution 117:421-429. 2002 Global; Thailand Index or Indicator Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Small Boats; Special Use Permitting
Bell, J. J. and D. K. A. Barnes. 2002. Modelling sponge species diversity using a morphological predictor: A tropical test of a temperate model. Journal for Nature Conservation 10:41-50. 2002 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring; Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Blaber, S. J. M. 2002. 'Fish in hot water': The challenges facing fish and fisheries research in tropical estuaries. Journal of Fish Biology 61:20-Jan. 2002 Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Whales & Dolphins
Brunskill, G. J., I. Zagorskis, and J. Pfitzner. 2002. Carbon burial rates in sediments and a carbon mass balance for the Herbert River region of the Great Barrier Reef continental shelf, north Queensland, Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 54:677-700. 2002 Australia Model Algae; Coralline Algae; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cebrian, J. 2002. Variability and control of carbon consumption, export, and accumulation in marine communities. Limnology and Oceanography 47:22-Nov. 2002 Mangroves; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Choudhury, S. B., K. H. Rao, and M. V. Rao. 2002. Sattelite remote sensing for marine resources assessment. Tropical Ecology 43:187-202. 2002 India Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Cocheret De La Moriniere, E., B. J. A. Pollux, I. Nagelkerken, and G. Van Der Velde. 2002. Post-settlement life cycle migration patterns and habitat preference of coral reef fish that use seagrass and mangrove habitats as nurseries. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 55:309-321. 2002 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
da Silva Andrade, A. C. and J. M. Landim Dominguez. 2002. Geologic-geomorphological informations as subsidies for environmental analysis: The example of caravelas coastal plain - Bahia [Informacõs geologico-geomorfologicas como subsidios à analise ambiental: O exemplo da planicie costeira de caravelas -. Boletim Paranaense de Geosciencias 51:17-Sep. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Beaches & Nature Parks; Forestry; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Dahdouh-Guebas, F. 2002. The use of remote sensing and GIS in the sustainable management of tropical coastal ecosystems. Environment, Development and Sustainability 4:93-112. 2002 Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses
Drexler, J. Z. and E. W. De Carlo. 2002. Source water partitioning as a means of characterizing hydrologic function in mangroves. Wetlands Ecology and Management 10:103-113. 2002 Micronesia Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Erftemeijer, P. L. 2002. A new technique for rapid assessment of mangrove degradation: A case study of shrimp farm encroachment in Thailand. Pages 204-208 in Trees - Structure and Function. 2002 Thailand Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Aquaculture; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Froede Jr, C. R. 2002. Rhizolith evidence in support of a late Holocene sea-level highstand at least 0.5 m higher than present at Key Biscayne, Florida. Geology 30:203-206. 2002 Florida Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gleason, S. M. and K. C. Ewel. 2002. Organic matter dynamics on the forest floor of a Micronesian mangrove forest: An investigation of species composition shifts. Biotropica 34:190-198. 2002 Micronesia Mangroves; Nutrients
Gullstrom, M., M. De La Torre Castro, S. O. Bandeira, M. Bjork, M. Dahlberg, N. Kautsky, P. Ronnback, and M. C. Ohman. 2002. Seagrass ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean. Ambio 31:588-596. 2002 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius; Reunion; India; South Africa; France Review; Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Heller, P. S. and M. Mani. 2002. Adapting to climate change. Finance and Development 39:29-31. 2002 India Agriculture; Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Mitigation; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kamp-Nielsen, L., J. E. Vermaat, I. Wesseling, J. Borum, and O. Geertz-Hansen. 2002. Sediment properties along gradients of siltation in south-east Asia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 54:127-138. 2002 Thailand; China; Philippines Index or Indicator Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kirkman, H. and J. A. Kirkman. 2002. The management of seagrasses in Southeast Asia. Bulletin of Marine Science 71:1379-1390. 2002 Global; Southeast Asia Review; GIS & Maps Mangroves; Seagrasses
Koskela, R. W., P. Ringeltaube, A. R. Small, T. V. Koskela, A. R. Fraser, J. D. Lee, and P. Marshall. 2002. Using predictive monitoring to mitigate construction impacts in sensitive marine environments. Pages 1-15 in Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology. 2002 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Ports & Harbors
Kuhlmann, K.-J. 2002. Evaluations of marine reserves as basis to develop alternative livelihoods in coastal areas of the Philippines. Aquaculture International 10:527-549. 2002 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Aquaculture; Echinoderms; Fish; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Ley, J. A., I. A. Halliday, A. J. Tobin, R. N. Garrett, and N. A. Gribble. 2002. Ecosystem effects of fishing closures in mangrove estuaries of tropical Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 245:223-238. 2002 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mohammed, S. M. 2002. Pollution management in Zanzibar: The need for a new approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:301-311. 2002 Discharges; Mangroves; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Muchammed, M. V. and I. O. Shilov. 2002. Environmental impact of socioeconomic activity on the Egyptian Red sea coastal zone. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, Seriya Geologiya i Geografiya 2002:92-98. 2002 Egypt Climate; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Mwashote, B. M. and I. O. Jumba. 2002. Quantitative aspects of inorganic nutrient fluxes in the Gazi Bay (Kenya): Implications for coastal ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1194-1205. 2002 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Nagelkerken, I. and G. Van Der Velde. 2002. Do non-estuarine mangroves harbour higher densities of juvenile fish than adjacent shallow-water and coral reef habitats in Curacao (Netherlands Antilles)? Marine Ecology Progress Series 245:191-204. 2002 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nagelkerken, I., C. M. Roberts, G. Van der Velde, M. Dorenbosch, M. C. Van Riel, E. Cocheret de la Moriniere, and P. H. Nienhuis. 2002. How important are mangroves and seagrass beds for coral-reef fish? The nursery hypothesis tested on an island scale. Marine Ecology Progress Series 244:299-305. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Underwood, G. J. C. 2002. Adaptations of tropical marine microphytobenthic assemblages along a gradient of light and nutrient availability in Suva Lagoon, Fiji. European Journal of Phycology 37:449-462. 2002 Fiji Climate; Light; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Wang, L., H. Zhao, C. Song, J. Yuan, and H. Yu. 2002. Coastal geomorphic evolution at the Denglou Cape, the Leizhou Peninsula. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 21:597-611. 2002 China Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves
Westmacott, S. 2002. Where should the focus be in tropical integrated coastal management? Coastal Management 30:67-84. 2002 Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Mangroves
[No author name available]. 2001. WWF calls for more action on global warning. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:253. 2001 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Alcolado, P. M., G. Alleng, K. Bonair, D. Bone, K. Buchan, P. G. Bush, K. De Meyer, J. R. Garcia, J. Garzon-Ferreira, P. M. H. Gayle, D. T. Gerace, F. X. Geraldes, E. Jordan-Dahlgren, B. Kjferve, E. Klein, K. Koltes, R. S. Laydoo, D. M. Linton, J. C. Ogden, H. A. ***Oxenford, C. Parker, P. Penchaszadeh, L. P. P. J Pors, J. Ramirez-Ramirez, F. Ruiz-Renteria, J. D. Ryan, S. R. Smith, J. Tshirky, R. Varela, S. Walker, E. Weil, W. J. Wiebe, J. D. Woodley, and J. C. Zieman. 2001. The Caribbean coastal marine productivity program (CARICOMP). Bulletin of Marine Science 69:819-829. 2001 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Bingham, B. L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81-251. 2001 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Black, R. and M. S. Johnson. 2001. Contrasting life histories and demographies of eight species of littorines at ningaloo reef, Western Australia. Journal of Shellfish Research 20:393-402. 2001 Australia Mangroves; Snails & Conch
Blanc, L., C. Aliaume, A. Zerbi, and G. Lasserre. 2001. Spatial and temporal co-structure analyses between ichthyofauna and environment: An example in the tropics. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie III 324:635-646. 2001 Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses
Bretagnolle, V., M. Pandolfi, V. Lecoq, and J. Broudissou. 2001. Osprey Pandion haliaetus in New Caledonia: Population size, distribution and threats [Le Balbuzard Pecheur Pandion haliaetus en Nouvelle-Caledonie: Effectif, Repartition et Menaces]. Alauda 69:491-501. 2001 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
CARICOMP. 2001. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP); a cooperative research and monitoring network of marine laboratories, parks, and reserves. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 2001 Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Chauvaud, S., C. Bouchon, and R. Maniere. 2001. Thematic mapping of tropical marine communities (coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves) using SPOT data in Guadeloupe Island [Cartographie des biocenoses marines de Guadeloupe à partir de donnees SPOT (recifs coralliens, phanerogames marines, mang. Oceanologica Acta 24. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Clarke, J. D. A., Y. Bone, J. H. Cann, M. Davies, M. K. Macphail, and F. Wells. 2001. Post-glacial from the inner part of Southwest Joseph Bonaparte Gulf. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 48:63-79. 2001 Australia Mangroves; Octocoral; Plankton; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
De Grave, S. and D. K. A. Barnes. 2001. Ecology of tropical hermit crabs (Crustacea Decapoda) at Quirimba Island, Mozambique: A multivariate assemblage perspective. Tropical Zoology 14:197-209. 2001 Mozambique Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Eggleston, D. B. and C. P. Dahlgren. 2001. Distribution and abundance of Caribbean spiny lobsters in the Key West National Wildlife Refuge: Relationship to habitat features and impact of an intensive recreational fishery. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:1567-1576. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Ghazanfar, S. A., G. Keppel, and S. Khan. 2001. Coastal vegetation of small islands near Viti Levu and Ovalau, Fiji. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39:587-600. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Substrate
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Kendall, M. S., M. E. Monaco, K. R. Buja, J. D. Christensen, C.R. Kruer, M. Finkbeiner, and R. A. Warner. 2001. Methods Used to Map the Benthic Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. NOAA National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, (MD, USA). 2001 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean GIS & Maps Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Laboy-Nieves, E. N., E. Klein, J. E. Conde, F. Losada, J. J. Cruz, and D. Bone. 2001. Mass mortality of tropical marine communities in Morrocoy, Venezuela. Bulletin of Marine Science 68:163-179. 2001 Venezuela Algae; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sponges
MacKinnon, L. and B. Jones. 2001. Sedimentological evolution of north sound, grand cayman-a freshwater to marine carbonate succession driven by holocene sea-level rise. Journal of Sedimentary Research 71:568-580. 2001 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mitchell, S. F., R. K. Pickerill, and T. A. Stemann. 2001. The Port Morant Formation (Upper Pleistocene, Jamaica): High resolution sedimentology and paleoenvironmental analysis of a mixed carbonate clastic lagoonal succession. Sedimentary Geology 144:291-306. 2001 Jamaica Mangroves; Sediment
Morton, B. and G. Blackmore. 2001. South China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1236-1263. 2001 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Thailand; Malaysia; China; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Taiwan Index or Indicator Climate; Housing; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nagelkerken, I., G. Van Der Velde, and E. Cocheret De La Moriniere. 2001. Fish feeding guilds along a gradient of bay biotopes and coral reef depth zones. Aquatic Ecology 35:73-86. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nagelkerken, I., S. Kleijnen, T. Klop, R. A. C. J. Van Den Brand, E. Cocheret De La Moriniere, and G. Van Der Velde. 2001. Dependence of Caribbean reef fishes on mangroves and seagrass beds as nursery habitats: A comparison of fish faunas between bays with and without mangroves/seagrass beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 214:225-235. 2001 South & Central America; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Obura, D. O. 2001. Kenya. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1264-1278. 2001 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; India Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Recksiek, C. W., B. R. Murphy, R. S. Appeldoorn, and K. C. Lindeman. 2001. Integrating fish fauna and habitat assessments: a fundamental step in developing fishery reserve design criteria. Pages 654-666 in Proceedings of the 52nd Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. 2001 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean GIS & Maps Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Talbot, F. and C. Wilkinson. 2001. Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses: a sourcebook for managers. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville (Australia). 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Westmacott, S. 2001. Developing decision support systems for integrated coastal management in the tropics: Is the ICM decision-making environment too complex for the development of a useable and useful DSS? Journal of Environmental Management 62:55-74. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Mangroves
Agard, J. B. R. and J. F. Gobin. 2000. The Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 627-641. 2000 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Antilles; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Martinique; Venezuela; Guyana; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Deforestation & Devegetation; Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Whales & Dolphins
Carbone, F. and G. Accordi. 2000. The Indian Ocean Coast of Somalia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:141-159. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; India Field Study & Monitoring Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate
Cooke, A., O. Ratomahenina, E. Ranaivoson, and H. Razafindrainibe. 2000. Madagascar. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 113-131. 2000 Mozambique; Madagascar Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Cotsapas, L., S. A. Zengel, and E. J. Barraza. 2000. El Salvador. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 545-558. 2000 Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge
Courtney, C. A. and A. T. White. 2000. Integrated coastal management in the Philippines: Testing new paradigms. Coastal Management 28:39-53. 2000 Philippines Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management
De Boer, W. F., L. Rydberg, and V. Saide. 2000. Tides, tidal currents and their effects on the intertidal ecosystem of the southern bay, Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Hydrobiologia 428:187-196. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; India Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Debrot, A. O. and J. Sybesma. 2000. The Dutch Antilles. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 595-614. 2000 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean GIS & Maps Coastal Development; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Dustan, P. 2000. Florida Keys. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 405-414. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Pipelines; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. 2000 Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Edinger, E. N., G. V. Limmon, J. Jompa, W. Widjatmoko, J. M. Heikoop, and M. J. Risk. 2000. Normal coral growth rates on dying reefs: Are coral growth rates good indicators of reef health? Marine Pollution Bulletin 40:404-425. 2000 Java; Indonesia Index or Indicator Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral
Faust, M. A. 2000. Dinoflagellate associations in a coral reef-mangrove ecosystem: Pelican and associated Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 135-149. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Plankton
Gell, F. and M. Watson. 2000. UK overseas territories in the northeast Caribbean: Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 615-626. 2000 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles; British Virgin Islands; Caribbean; United Kingdom Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Gischler, E. and A. J. Lomando. 2000. Isolated carbonate platforms of Belize, Central America: Sedimentary facies, late Quaternary history and controlling factors. Geological Society Special Publication 135-146. 2000 Global; South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gladstone, W. 2000. The ecological and social basis for management of a Red Sea marine-protected area. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:1015-1032. 2000 Saudi Arabia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Goodbody, I. 2000. Diversity and distribution of ascidians (Tunicata) in the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 303-326. 2000 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves
Guard, M., A. J. Mmochi, and C. Horrill. 2000. Tanzania. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 83-98. 2000 Tanzania Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation
Gutierrez-Aguirre, M. A., M. G. De La Fuente-Betancourt, and A. Cervantes-Martinez. 2000. Biomasa y densidad de dos especies de pastos marinos en el sur de Quintana Roo, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 48:313-316. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Mangroves; Seagrasses
Harborne, A. R., M. D. McField, and E. K. Delaney. 2000. Belize. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 501-516. 2000 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Hardman-Mountford, N. J., K. A. Koranteng, and A. R. G. Price. 2000. The Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 773-796. 2000 Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Hendler, G. and D. L. Pawson. 2000. Echinoderms of the rhomboidal Cays, Belize: Biodiversity, distribution, and ecology. Atoll Research Bulletin 275-299. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Seastars; Seawater Flow; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Huber, M. E. 2000. Torres Strait and the Gulf of Papua. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 593-610. 2000 Australia; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huber, M. E. and G. B. K. Baines. 2000. The Coral, Solomon and Bismarck Seas Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 425-446. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Mangroves; Molluscs; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Wetlands
Hungspreugs, M., W. Utoomprurkporn, and C. Nitithamyong. 2000. The Gulf of Thailand. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 297-308. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; China; Vietnam; Cambodia Discharges; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Salinity; Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ibrahim, Z. Z., A. Arshad, L. S. Chong, J. S. Bujang, L. A. Theem, N. M. R. Abdullah, and M. M. Marghany. 2000. East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 345-359. 2000 Malaysia; China Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jacinto, G. S., P. M. Alino, C. L. Villanoy, L. Talaue-McManus, and E. D. Gomez. 2000. The Philippines. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 405-423. 2000 Philippines Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jameson, S. C., L. B. Trott, M. J. Marshall, and M. J. Childress. 2000. Nicaragua: Caribbean coast. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 517-530. 2000 South & Central America; Nicaragua; Caribbean Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Labrosse, P., R. Fichez, R. Farman, and T. Adams. 2000. New Caledonia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 723-736. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Europe; France Agriculture; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Special Use Permitting; Valuation
Littler, D. S., M. M. Littler, and B. L. Brooks. 2000. Checklist of marine algae and seagrasses from the ponds of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 153-206. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Algae; Commercial Fisheries; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Macintyre, I. G., W. F. Precht, and R. B. Aronson. 2000. Origin of the Pelican Cays Ponds, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 11-Jan. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
Marrugo-Gonzalez, A. J., R. Fernandez-Maestre, and A. A. Alm. 2000. The Pacific coast of Colombia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 677-686. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Mckee, K. L. and P. L. Faulkner. 2000. Mangrove peat analysis and reconstruction of vegetation history at the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 47-58. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Substrate
Medeiros, C., M. O. Bezerra, and J. J. Martinez-Benjamin. 2000. Coastal changes and the role of mangrove and morphological features on the dynamics and productivity of the NE-Brazilian oceanic waters. European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP 1134-1138. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mumby, P. J. 2000. Remote sensing of tropical coastal resources: Progress and fresh challenges for the new millennium. Pages 283-291 Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 3. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Myers, M. and M. Whittington. 2000. Mozambique. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 99-112. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Madagascar; India Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Nagelkerken, I., G. Van Der Velde, M. W. Gorissen, G. J. Meijer, T. Van't Hof, and C. Den Hartog. 2000. Importance of mangroves, seagrass beds and the shallow coral reef as a nursery for important coral reef fishes, using a visual census technique. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 51:31-44. 2000 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I., M. Dorenbosch, W. C. E. P. Verberk, E. Cocheret De La Moriniere, and G. Van Der Velde. 2000. Day-night shifts of fishes between shallow-water biotopes of a Caribbean bay, with emphasis on the nocturnal feeding of Haemulidae and Lutjanidae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194:55-64. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish
Nagelkerken, I., M. Dorenbosch, W. C. E. P. Verberk, E. Cocheret de la Moriniere, and G. Van der Velde. 2000. Importance of shallow-water biotopes of a Caribbean bay for juvenile coral reef fishes: Patterns in biotope association, community structure and spatial distribution. Marine Ecology Progress Series 202:175-192. 2000 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Neil, D. T. 2000. Characteristics and significance of a sub-tropical 'Low Wooded Island': Green Island, Moreton Bay, Australia. Journal of Coastal Research 16:287-294. 2000 Australia Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves
Nhan, D. D., N. X. Duc, D. H. Duong, N. T. Tiep, and B. C. Que. 2000. Vietnam and adjacent Bien Dong (South China Sea). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 561-568. 2000 China; Vietnam Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity
Nunn, P. D. 2000. Coastal changes over the past 200 years around Ovalau and Moturiki Islands, Fiji: Implications for coastal zone management. Australian Geographer 31:21-39. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Mangroves; Shoreline Protection
Oakley, S., N. Pilcher, and E. Wood. 2000. Borneo. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 361-379. 2000 Global; Malaysia; Indonesia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Forestry; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Whales & Dolphins
O'Hara, T. D. 2000. Victoria province, Australia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 661-671. 2000 Australia; Europe Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wetlands
Owens, E. H., R. D. Martin, J. Michel, G. A. Sergy, J. A. Tarpley, and R. Yender. 2000. SCAT 2000 - A new generation of forms for the description and documentation of oiled shorelines. Pages 805-822 in Environment Canada Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar (AMOP) Proceedings. 2000 Columbia Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Penchaszadeh, P. E., C. A. Leon, H. Alvarez, D. Bone, P. Castellano, M. M. Castillo, Y. Diaz, M. P. Garcia, M. Lemus, F. Losada, A. Martin, P. Miloslavich, C. Paredes, D. Perez, M. Sebastiani, D. Stecconi, V. Roa, and A. Villamizar. 2000. Venezuela. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 643-661. 2000 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Venezuela; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Bivalves; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Molluscs; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Price, A. R. G. and J. E. Maragos. 2000. The Marshall Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 773-789. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Micronesia; Marshall Islands Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Military; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Price, A. R. G. and S. Clark. 2000. The Maldives. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 199-219. 2000 Global; Seychelles; Maldives Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Quod, J.-P., O. Naim, and F. Abdourazi. 2000. The Comoros archipelago. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 243-252. 2000 Global; Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Comoros; Mayotte; India Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Mangroves; Sediment
Rajasuriya, A. and A. Premaratne. 2000. Sri Lanka. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 175-187. 2000 Indian Ocean; Cuba; Sri Lanka; India Agriculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Wetlands
Ramachandran, S. 2000. Southeast India. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 161-173. 2000 India Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fishing Sector; Irrigation; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ramachandran, S. 2000. The Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 189-197. 2000 India Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Rao, D. V. S. 2000. The Bay of Bengal. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 269-284. 2000 Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Mitigation; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Richardson, B. J., P. K. S. Lam, and R. S. S. Wu. 2000. Hong Kong. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 535-547. 2000 China Beaches & Nature Parks; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Riegl, B. and W. E. Piller. 2000. Mapping of benthic habitats in northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt): A tool for proactive management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10:127-140. 2000 Egypt GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
Rutzler, K., M. C. Diaz, R. W. M. Van Soest, S. Zea, K. P. Smith, B. Alvarez, and J. Wulff. 2000. Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 231-248. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Boating Activities; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Schleyer, M. H., L. E. Beckley, S. T. Fennessy, P. J. Fielding, A. Govender, B. Q. Mann, W. D. Robertson, B. J. Tomalin, and R. P. Van Der Elst. 2000. South Africa. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 133-144. 2000 South Africa Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Chagos Archipelago, Central Indian Ocean. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 221-232. 2000 Indian Ocean; Chagos Archipelago; India Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Military; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Sheppard, C. R. C. 2000. The Red Sea. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 35-45. 2000 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waste Management Policies
Shyka, T. A. and K. P. Sebens. 2000. Community structure, water column nutrients and water flow in two Pelican Cays ponds, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 107-121. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow
Stejskal, I. V. 2000. Obtaining Approvals for Oil and Gas Projects in Shallow Water Marine Areas in Western Australia using an Environmental Risk Assessment Framework. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 6:69-76. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Sterrer, W. 2000. Gnathostomulida in the Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin 267-271. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Sediment
Turner, J., C. Jago, D. Daby, and R. Klaus. 2000. The Mascarene Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 253-268. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Reunion; India Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Vazquez, F., R. Rangel, A. M. Quintero-Marmol, J. Fernandez, E. Aguayo, A. Palacio, and V. K. Sharma. 2000. Southern Gulf of Mexico. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 467-482. 2000 South & Central America; Mexico Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Velasco, A. and M. Wolff. 2000. Ictiofauna juvenil de fondos blandos durante la transicion de \secas\" a lluvias en la costa pacifica de Colombia". Revista de Biologia Tropical 48:215-228. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Vierros, M. 2000. Jamaica. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 559-574. 2000 Jamaica Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Waddell, B. and J. R. Pawlik. 2000. Defenses of Caribbean sponges against invertebrate predators. II. Assays with sea stars. Marine Ecology Progress Series 195:133-144. 2000 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; China; Caribbean Encrusting Sponges; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seastars; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Walker, D. I. 2000. The Western Australian region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 691-704. 2000 Australia Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses
White, A. T., M. Ross, and M. Flores. 2000. Benefits and costs of coral reef and wetland management, Olango Island, Philippines. Pages 215-227 in H. S. J. Cesar, editor. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. 2000 Philippines Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation; Wetlands
Wilson, A. D. 2000. Catamaran R/V begins new era of marine scientific research. Sea Technology 41:31-33. 2000 Florida; Panama Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Scientific Research
Wilson, S. C. 2000. Northwest Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 17-33. 2000 India; United Arab Emirates; Iran; Oman Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level; Whales & Dolphins
Wilson, S. C. and R. Klaus. 2000. The Gulf of Aden. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 47-61. 2000 Indian Ocean; Somalia; India; Djibouti Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. 2000 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
World Conservation Monitoring, CE NT RE. 2000. Coral reefs and mangroves of the world from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC). Coral reefs and mangroves of the world from the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC). 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Forestry; Mangroves
Wulff, J. L. 2000. Sponge predators may determine differences in sponge fauna between two sets of mangrove cays, Belize Barrier Reef. Atoll Research Bulletin 251-263. 2000 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Sponges
Yap, H. T. 2000. The case for restoration of tropical coastal ecosystems. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:841-851. 2000 Global Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Australian Region: An overview. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 579-592. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Sediment
Acosta, C. A. 1999. Benthic dispersal of Caribbean spiny lobsters among insular habitats: Implications for the conservation of exploited marine species. Conservation Biology 13:603-612. 1999 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Barnes, D. K. A. 1999. High diversity of tropical intertidal zone sponges in temperature, salinity and current extremes. African Journal of Ecology 37:424-434. 1999 Mozambique Index or Indicator Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sponges
Bell, J. D. and M. Gervis. 1999. New species for coastal aquaculture in the tropical Pacific - constraints, prospects and considerations. Aquaculture International 7:207-223. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Pathogens; Piscivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges
Bunt, J. S. and E. D. Bunt. 1999. Complexity and variety of zonal pattern in the mangroves of the Hinchinbrook area, Northeastern Australia. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 3:165-176. 1999 Australia Mangroves
Downing, J. A., M. McClain, R. Twilley, J. M. Melack, J. Elser, N. N. Rabalais, W. M. Lewis Jr., R. E. Turner, J. Corredor, D. Soto, A. Yanez-Arancibia, J. A. Kopaska, and R. W. Howarth. 1999. The impact of accelerating land-use change on the N-cycle of tropical aquatic ecosystems: Current conditions and projected changes. Biogeochemistry 46:109-148. 1999 Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Finlayson, C. M., N. C. Davidson, A. G. Spiers, and N. J. Stevenson. 1999. Global wetland inventory - Current status and future priorities. Marine and Freshwater Research 50:717-727. 1999 Global Review; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Fornos, J. J. 1999. Karst collapse phenomena in the upper Miocene of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean). Acta Geologica Hungarica 42:237-250. 1999 Mangroves
Fujimoto, K., A. Imaya, R. Tabuchi, S. Kuramoto, H. Utsugi, and T. Murofushi. 1999. Belowground carbon storage of Micronesian mangrove forests. Ecological Research 14:409-413. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Carbon Storage & Cycling; Mangroves
Gischler, E. and A. J. Lomando. 1999. Recent sedimentary facies of isolated carbonate platforms, belize-yucatan system Central America. Journal of Sedimentary Research 69:747-763. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Mexico GIS & Maps Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gladstone, W., N. Tawfiq, D. Nasr, I. Andersen, C. Cheung, H. Drammeh, F. Krupp, and S. Lintner. 1999. Sustainable use of renewable resources and conservation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden: Issues, needs and strategic actions. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:671-697. 1999 Global Review Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Greenfield, D. W. and R. K. Johnson. 1999. Assemblage structure and habitat associations of Western Caribbean gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae). Copeia 251-266. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves
Grindrod, J., P. Moss, and S. Van Der Kaars. 1999. Late Quaternary cycles of mangrove development and decline on the north Australian continental shelf. Journal of Quaternary Science 14:465-470. 1999 Australia Climate; Mangroves
Heyman, W. D. and B. Kjerfve. 1999. Hydrological and oceanographic considerations for integrated coastal zone management in Southern Belize. Environmental Management 24:229-245. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean Model Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Imam, S. H., S. H. Gordon, R. L. Shogren, T. R. Tosteson, N. S. Govind, and R. V. Greene. 1999. Degradation of starch-poly([β-hydroxybutyrate-Co-β-hydroxyvalerate) bioplastic in tropical coastal waters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:431-437. 1999 Puerto Rico Model Mangroves
Kannapiran, E., A. Purushothaman, L. Kannan, and S. Saravanan. 1999. Magneto bacteria from estuarine, mangrove and coral reef environs in Gulf of Mannar. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 28:332-334. 1999 Mangroves; Microorganisms; Salinity
Kuo, S.-R. and K.-T. Shao. 1999. Species composition of fish in the coastal zones of the Tsengwen estuary, with descriptions of five new records from Taiwan. Zoological Studies 38:391-404. 1999 Taiwan Fish; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ley, J. A., C. C. McIvor, and C. L. Montague. 1999. Fishes in mangrove prop-root habitats of northeastern Florida Bay: Distinct assemblages across an estuarine gradient. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 48:701-723. 1999 Florida Fish; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lipps, J. H. and M. R. Langer. 1999. Benthic foraminifera from the meromictic Mecherchar Jellyfish Lake, Palau (western Pacific). Micropaleontology 45:278-284. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Cuba; Palau Mangroves; Salinity; Sediment
Littler, M. M. and D. S. Littler. 1999. Blade abandonment/proliferation: A novel mechanism for rapid epiphyte control in marine macrophytes. Ecology 80:1736-1746. 1999 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mason, C. 1999. The ocean's role in climate variability and change and the resulting impacts on coasts. Natural Resources Forum 23:123-134. 1999 Global Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Housing; Light; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Mumby, P. J., E. P. Green, A. J. Edwards, and C. D. Clark. 1999. The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. Journal of Environmental Management 55:157-166. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Mangroves; Seagrasses
Nansingh, P. and S. Jurawan. 1999. Environmental sensitivity of a tropical coastline (Trinidad, West Indies) to oil spills. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 5:161-172. 1999 South & Central America; Trinidad; Caribbean Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills
Orpin, A. R. and K. J. Woolfe. 1999. Unmixing relationships as a method of deriving a semi-quantitative terrigenous sediment budget, central Great Barrier Reef lagoon, Australia. Sedimentary Geology 129:25-35. 1999 Australia Model Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Ovalle, A. R. C., C. E. Rezende, C. E. V. Carvalho, T. C. Jennerjahn, and V. Ittekkot. 1999. Biogeochemical characteristics of coastal waters adjacent to small river-mangrove systems, East Brazil. Geo-Marine Letters 19:179-185. 1999 CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ronnback, P. 1999. The ecological basis for economic value of seafood production supported by mangrove ecosystems. Ecological Economics 29:235-252. 1999 Review Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Molluscs; Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seagrasses
Rull, V., T. Vegas-Vilarrubia, and N. E. De Pernia. 1999. Palynological record of an early-mid Holocene mangrove in eastern Venezuela. Implications for sea-level rise and disturbance history. Journal of Coastal Research 15:496-504. 1999 Global; South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Schwamborn, R., M. Voss, W. Ekau, and U. Saint-Paul. 1999. Stable isotope composition of paniculate organic matter and Zooplankton in North-East Brazilian shelf waters. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 47:201-210. 1999 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Plankton
Schwamborn, R., W. Ekau, A. P. Silva, T. A. Silva, and U. Saint-Paul. 1999. The contribution of estuarine decapod larvae to marine zooplankton communities in north-east Brazil. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 47:167-182. 1999 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Plankton
Spurgeon, J. 1999. The socio-economic costs and benefits of coastal habitat rehabilitation and creation. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:373-382. 1999 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses
Sterr, H., V. Ittekkot, and R. J. T. Klein. 1999. Oceans and coasts responding to future climatic change [Weltmeere und kusten im wandel des klimas]. Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen 143:24-31. 1999 Global Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mangroves; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Thollot, P., M. Kulbicki, and M. Harmelin-Vivien. 1999. Trophic analysis and food webs of mangrove fish assemblages from New Caledonia [Reseaux trophiques et fonctionnement trophodynamique de l'ichtyofaune des mangroves de Nouvelle-Caledonie]. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie III 322:607-619. 1999 New Caledonia Algae; Fish; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Plankton; Salinity
Windevoxhel, N. J., J. J. Rodriguez, and E. J. Lahmann. 1999. Situation of integrated coastal zone management in Central America: Experiences of the IUCN wetlands and coastal zone conservation program. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:257-282. 1999 South & Central America Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Xue, C. 1999. Coastal sedimentation, erosion and management on the north coast of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. Journal of Coastal Research 15:927-935. 1999 Micronesia Land & Air Transportation; Mangroves; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment
Ayukai, T., D. Miller, E. Wolanski, and S. Spagnol. 1998. Fluxes of nutrients and dissolved and particulate organic carbon in two mangrove creeks in northeastern Australia. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 2:223-230. 1998 Australia Mangroves; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bach Hanne, K., KO CK Rasmussen Erik, and TO M Foster. 1998. Eutrophication modelling of a tidally influenced mangrove area in Bali subject to major dredging and reclamation activities. Pages 251-261 in International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions. 1998 Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Tourism & Recreation
Brown, K., W. N. Adger, E. Tompkins, P. Bacon, D. Shim, and K. Young. 1998. A framework for incorporating stakeholder participation in marine resource management: A case study in Tobago. Working Paper - Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment. 1998 Global; Trinidad; Tobago Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Chauvaud, S., C. Bouchon, and R. Maniere. 1998. Remote sensing techniques adapted to high resolution mapping of tropical coastal marine ecosystems (coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangrove). International Journal of Remote Sensing 19:3625-3639. 1998 Martinique Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dunlap, M. and J. R. Pawlik. 1998. Spongivory by parrotfish in Florida mangrove and reef habitats. Marine Ecology 19:325-337. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Ellison, J. C. 1998. Natural history of Bramble Cay, Torres Strait. Atoll Research Bulletin Jan-33. 1998 Australia; Europe Mangroves; Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fondo, E. N. and E. E. Martens. 1998. Effects of mangrove deforestation on macrofaunal densities, Gazi Bay, Kenya. Mangroves and Salt Marshes 2:75-83. 1998 Kenya Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
France, R., J. Holmquist, M. Chandler, and A. Cattaneo. 1998. δ15N evidence for nitrogen fixation associated with macroalgae from a seagrass-mangrove-coral reef system. Marine Ecology Progress Series 167:297-299. 1998 Puerto Rico Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gattuso, J.-P., M. Frankignoulle, and R. Wollast. 1998. Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29:405-434. 1998 Global Review Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production
Gischler, E. and J. H. Hudson. 1998. Holocene development of three isolated carbonate platforms, Belize, Central America. Marine Geology 144:333-347. 1998 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hajdu, E. and K. Rutzler. 1998. Sponges, genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean mangrove and comments on subgeneric classification. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111:737-773. 1998 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Encrusting Sponges; Mangroves; Sponges
Jagtap, T. G. 1998. Structure of major seagrass beds from three coral reef atolls of Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea, India. Aquatic Botany 60:397-408. 1998 India Algae; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment
Kjerfve, B. 1998. CARICOMP - Caribbean coral reef, seagrass and mangrove sites. UNESCO, Paris, France. 1998 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Mangroves; Seagrasses
Larcombe, P. and R. M. Carter. 1998. Sequence architecture during the Holocene transgression: An example from the Great Barrier Reef shelf, Australia. Sedimentary Geology 117:97-121. 1998 Australia Mangroves; Sediment
Machiwa, J. F. 1998. Distribution and remineralization of organic carbon in sediments of a mangrove stand partly contaminated with sewage waste. Ambio 27:740-744. 1998 Mangroves; Sediment
Mimura, N. and P. D. Nunn. 1998. Trends of beach erosion and shoreline protection in rural Fiji. Journal of Coastal Research 14:37-46. 1998 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji Climate; Mangroves; Shoreline Protection
Morton, S. L. and T. A. Villareal. 1998. Bloom of Gonyaulax polygramma stein (dinophyceae) in a coral reef mangrove lagoon, Douglas Cay, Belize. Bulletin of Marine Science 63:639-642. 1998 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
NEPA. 1998. MARICULTURE DRAFT POLICY AND REGULATION NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AUTHORITY COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT DIVISION. National Environment & Planning agency. 1998 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands
Pawlik, J. R. 1998. Coral reef sponges: Do predatory fishes affect their distribution? Limnology and Oceanography 43:1396-1399. 1998 South & Central America; Caribbean Encrusting Sponges; Mangroves; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Peachey, A. 1998. An economic valuation of water based recreation in the Great Barrier Reef marine park. Australian Parks and Recreation 34:14-16. 1998 Australia; Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Perdomo, L., I. Ensminger, L. F. Espinosa, C. Elsters, M. Wallner-Kersanach, and M.-L. Schnetter. 1998. The mangrove ecosystem of the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia): observations on regeneration and trace metals in sediment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 37:393-403. 1998 Mangroves; Salinity; Sediment
Price, A. R. G. 1998. Impact of the 1991 Gulf War on the coastal environment and ecosystems: Current status and future prospects. Environment International 24:91-96. 1998 Review; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Price, A. R. G., G. Jobbins, A. R. Dawson Shepherd, and R. F. G. Ormond. 1998. An integrated environmental assessment of the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Environmental Conservation 25:65-76. 1998 Saudi Arabia Mangroves; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Schlueter, M. A. and S. I. Guttman. 1998. Gene flow and genetic diversity of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, banks ex konig, in the lower Florida keys. Aquatic Botany 61:147-164. 1998 Florida Model Mangroves; Seagrasses
Semesi, A. K. 1998. Coastal resources utilization and conservation issues in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Ambio 27:635-644. 1998 Tanzania Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Tourism & Recreation
Shao, L., P. Zhang, D. Ren, and J. Lei. 1998. Late Permian coal-bearing carbonate successions in southern China: Coal accumulation on carbonate platforms. International Journal of Coal Geology 37:235-256. 1998 China Coal Mining; Mangroves
Stejskal, I. V. 1998. Drilling in environmentally sensitive marine areas in Western Australia: The Wonnich appraisal drilling program setting an industry example. Pages 263-272 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. 1998 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Swearingen III, D. C. and J. R. Pawlik. 1998. Variability in the chemical defense of the sponge Chondrilla nucula against predatory reef fishes. Marine Biology 131:619-627. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Fish; Mangroves; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Zuschin, M. and J. Hohenegger. 1998. Subtropical coral-reef associated sedimentary facies characterized by molluscs (Northern Bay of Safaga, Red Sea, Egypt). Facies 229-254. 1998 Egypt Index or Indicator Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Acosta, A. 1997. Use of multi-mesh gillnets and trammel nets to estimate fish species composition in coral Reef and mangroves in the Southwest Coast of Puerto Rico. Caribbean Journal of Science 33:45-57. 1997 Puerto Rico Index or Indicator Fish; Mangroves
Acosta, C. A. and M. J. Butler IV. 1997. Role of mangrove habitat as a nursery for juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in Belize. Marine and Freshwater Research 48:721-727. 1997 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Attwood, C. G., J. M. Harris, and A. J. Williams. 1997. International experience of marine protected areas and their relevance to South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 311-332. 1997 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Corporate Responses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Diaz, M. C. and B. B. Ward. 1997. Sponge-mediated nitrification in tropical benthic communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 156:97-107. 1997 South & Central America; Cuba; Belize; Caribbean Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Gischler, E. and A. J. Lomando. 1997. Holocene cemented beach deposits in Belize. Sedimentary Geology 110:277-297. 1997 South & Central America; Belize Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kensley, B., M. Ortiz, and M. Schotte. 1997. New records of marine Isopoda from Cuba (Crustacea: Peracarida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 110:74-98. 1997 Cuba; France Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kitheka, J. U. 1997. Coastal tidally-driven circulation and the role of water exchange in the linkage between tropical coastal ecosystems. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 45:177-187. 1997 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kricher, J. 1997. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. 1997 Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Laroche, J., E. Baran, and N. B. Rasoanandrasana. 1997. Temporal patterns in a fish assemblage of a semiarid mangrove zone in Madagascar. Journal of Fish Biology 51:20-Mar. 1997 Madagascar Fish; Mangroves; Salinity
Littler, D. S. and M. M. Littler. 1997. An illustrated marine flora of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Bulletin - Biological Society of Washington 9:149. 1997 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Physical Damage
Macdonald, L. H., D. M. Anderson, and W. E. Dietrich. 1997. Paradise threatened: Land use and erosion on St. John, US Virgin Islands. Environmental Management 21:851-863. 1997 US Virgin Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Mangroves; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies
Makoloweka, S. and K. Shurcliff. 1997. Coastal management in Tanga, Tanzania: A decentralized community-based approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 37:349-357. 1997 Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India Aquaculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landuse Management; Mangroves
Marguillier, S., G. Van Der Velde, F. Dehairs, M. A. Hemminga, and S. Rajagopal. 1997. Trophic relationships in an interlinked mangrove-seagrass ecosystem as traced by δ13C and δ15N. Marine Ecology Progress Series 151:115-121. 1997 Kenya Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses
Mcclintock, B. 1997. Ichthyodeterrent properties of lipophilic extracts from Bermudian sponges. Journal of Chemical Ecology 23:1607-1620. 1997 Bermuda Lab Study Fish; Invertebrates; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sponges
Murofushi, T. and N. Hori. 1997. Human impact on mangrove habitats maintenance against sea-level change: case study of Tongatapu Island, the Kingdom of Tonga, South Pacific. Geographical Reports - Tokyo Metropolitan University 32:27-42. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Tonga Mangroves; Sediment
Ohowa, B. O., B. M. Mwashote, and W. S. Shimbira. 1997. Dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes from two seasonal rivers into Gazi Bay, Kenya. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 45:189-195. 1997 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pandey, J. S. and P. Khanna. 1997. Sensitivity analysis of a mangrove ecosystem model. Journal of Environmental Systems 26:57-72. 1997 Model Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Peters, E.C., N.J. Gassman, J.C. Firman, R.H. Richmonds, E.A. Power. 1997. Ecotoxicology of Tropical Marine Ecosystems. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16:12-40. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Pillmann, A., G. W. Woolcott, J. L. Olsen, W. T. Stam, and R. J. King. 1997. Inter- and intraspecific genetic variation in Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) based on nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. European Journal of Phycology 32:379-386. 1997 Australia; South Africa Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves
Wolanski, E. and J. Sarsenski. 1997. Larvae dispersion in coral reefs and mangroves. American Scientist 85:236-243. 1997 Model Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C. 1997 Global; Tanzania; Maldives; Fiji; Papua New Guinea; Southeast Asia; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Germany Lab Study; GIS & Maps Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Health Policies; Live Collection; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Alongi, D. M. 1996. The dynamics of benthic nutrient pools and fluxes in tropical mangrove forests. Journal of Marine Research 54:123-148. 1996 Australia Forestry; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment
Baca Bart, J., C. Snedaker Samuel, E. Dodge Richard, H. Knap Anthony, and D. Sleeter Thomas. 1996. Effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil on tropical ecosystems: Long-term seagrass, mangrove, and coral studies. Pages 469-486 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1996 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Bauer-Nebelsick, M., C. F. Bardele, and J. A. Ott. 1996. Electron microscopic studies on Zoothamnium niveum (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1831) Ehrenberg 1838 (Oligohymenophora, Peritrichida), a ciliate with ectosymbiotic, chemoautotrophic bacteria. European Journal of Protistology 32:202-215. 1996 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves; Microorganisms
Clark, J. R. 1996. Coastal zone management handbook. Coastal zone management handbook. 1996 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Agriculture; Aquaculture; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation
Drake, S. F. 1996. The International Coral Reef Initiative: A strategy for the sustainable management of coral reefs and related ecosystems. Coastal Management 24:279-299. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves
Duarte, C. M. and J. Cebrian. 1996. The fate of marine autotrophic production. Limnology and Oceanography 41:1758-1766. 1996 Global Algae; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Mangroves; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Sediment
Dunlap, M. and J. R. Pawlik. 1996. Video-monitored predation by Caribbean reef fishes on an array of mangrove and reef sponges. Marine Biology 126:117-123. 1996 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Corallivorous Fish; Encrusting Sponges; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Mangroves; Sponges
Ellison, A. M. and E. J. Farnsworth. 1996. Spatial and temporal variability in growth of Rhizophora mangle saplings on coral cays: Links with variation in insolation, herbivory, and local sedimentation rate. Journal of Ecology 84:717-731. 1996 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Primary Production; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Goodbody, I. 1996. Pycnoclavella Belizeana, a new species of ascidian from the Caribbean. Bulletin of Marine Science 58:590-597. 1996 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves
Kitheka, J. U. 1996. Water circulation and coastal trapping of brackish water in a tropical mangrove-dominated bay in Kenya. Limnology and Oceanography 41:169-176. 1996 Kenya Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kitheka, J. U., B. O. Ohowa, B. M. Mwashote, W. S. Shimbira, J. M. Mwaluma, and J. M. Kazungu. 1996. Water circulation dynamics, water column nutrients and plankton productivity in a well-flushed tropical bay in Kenya. Journal of Sea Research 35:257-268. 1996 Kenya Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Middelburg, J. J., J. Nieuwenhuize, F. J. Slim, and B. Ohowa. 1996. Sediment biogeochemistry in an east African mangrove forest (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Biogeochemistry 34:133-155. 1996 Kenya Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Nayak, S., P. Chauhan, H. B. Chauhan, A. Bahuguna, and A. Narendra Nath. 1996. IRS-1C applications for coastal zone management. Current Science 70:614-618. 1996 Remote Sensing Mangroves; Sediment
Rooker, J. R., G. D. Dennis, and D. Goulet. 1996. Sampling larval fishes with a nightlight lift-net in tropical inshore waters. Fisheries Research 26:15-Jan. 1996 Puerto Rico Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Turnbull, M. H., S. Schmidt, P. D. Erskine, S. Richards, and G. R. Stewart. 1996. Root adaptation and nitrogen source acquisition in natural ecosystems. Tree Physiology 16:941-948. 1996 Australia Mangroves; Nutrients
Ward, I. A. K., P. Larcombe, and C. Cuff. 1996. Stratigraphic control of the geochemistry of Holocene inner-shelf facies, Great Barrier Reef. Marine Geology 129:47-62. 1996 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Mangroves; Sediment
Wolanski, E. and J. Chappell. 1996. The response of tropical Australian estuaries to a sea level rise. Journal of Marine Systems 7:267-279. 1996 Australia Model Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Zann, L. P. 1996. The state of the Marine Environment Report for Australia (SOMER): Process, findings and perspectives. Ocean and Coastal Management 33:63-86. 1996 Global; Australia Invasive Species; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Allingham, D. P. and D. T. Neil. 1995. The supratidal deposits and effects of coral dredging on Mud Island, Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 39:273-292. 1995 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Sediment
Brewer, D. T., S. J. M. Blaber, J. P. Salini, and M. J. Farmer. 1995. Feeding Ecology of Predatory Fishes from Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia, with Special Reference to Predation on Penaeid Prawns. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 40:577-600. 1995 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Dayaratne, P., O. Linden, and M. W. R. N. De Silva. 1995. Puttalam Lagoon and Mundel Lake, Sri Lanka: a study of coastal resources: their utilisation, environmental issues and management options. Ambio 24:391-401. 1995 Sri Lanka Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Wetlands
Hesp, P. A. 1995. The Environmental Impact Assessment process in Singapore with particular respect to coastal environments and the role of NGOs. Journal of Coastal Conservation 1:135-144. 1995 Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Hilton, M. J. and S. S. Manning. 1995. Conversion of coastal habitats in Singapore: Indications of unsustainable development. Environmental Conservation 22:307-322. 1995 Malaysia GIS & Maps Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Sediment
Larcombe, P., R. M. Carter, J. Dye, M. K. Gagan, and D. P. Johnson. 1995. New evidence for episodic post-glacial sea-level rise, central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Geology 127:Jan-44. 1995 Australia Index or Indicator Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Maragos, J. E. and C. W. Cook Jr. 1995. The 1991-1992 rapid ecological assessment of Palau's coral reefs. Coral Reefs 14:237-252. 1995 Palau Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Mangroves; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Ndaro, S. G. M., S. Sjoling, and E. Olafsson. 1995. Small-scale variation in major meiofaunal taxa and sediment chemistry in tropical sediments. Ambio 24:470-474. 1995 Mangroves; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Sediment
Pawlik, J. R., B. Chanas, R. J. Toonen, and W. Fenical. 1995. Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. I. Chemical deterrency. Marine Ecology Progress Series 127:183-194. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study Mangroves; Planktivorous Fish; Sponges
Plaziat, J.-C., F. Baltzer, A. Choukri, O. Conchon, P. Freytet, F. Orszag-Sperber, B. Purser, A. Raguideau, and J.-L. Reyss. 1995. Quaternary changes in the Egyptian shoreline of the Northwestern Red Sea and Gulf of Suez. Quaternary International 22-Nov. 1995 Indian Ocean; India; Egypt Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Quinn, N. J. and B. L. Kojis. 1995. Use of artificial shelters to increase lobster production in the US Virgin Islands, with notes on the use of shelters in Mexican waters. Caribbean Journal of Science 31:311-316. 1995 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Mexico Apex Fish Predators; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seastars
Robertson, A. I. and D. M. Alongi. 1995. Role of riverine mangrove forests in organic carbon export to the tropical coastal ocean: A preliminary mass balance for the Fly Delta (Papua New Guinea). Geo-Marine Letters 15:134-139. 1995 Papua New Guinea Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Van Tussenbroek, B. I. 1995. Thalassia testudinum leaf dynamics in a Mexican caribbean coral reef lagoon. Marine Biology 122:33-40. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Discharges; Mangroves; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Vijay Anand, P. E. 1995. Proximity of coral reefs and mangroves in the Andaman Islands. Coral Reefs 14:108. 1995 Mangroves
Wiebe William, J. 1995. CARICOMP: a regional research and monitoring program for the Caribbean coastal zone. Pages 508-509 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1995 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Bouchon, C., Y. Bouchon-Navaro, and M. Louis. 1994. Changes in the coastal fish communities following Hurricane Hugo in Guadeloupe Island (French West Indies). Atoll Research Bulletin 1994 Fish; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Davis, W. P., K. W. Thornton, and B. Levinson. 1994. Framework for Assessing Effects of Global Climate Change on Mangrove Ecosystems. Bulletin of Marine Science 54:1045-1058. 1994 Global; Florida Climate; Mangroves
Diaz, R. J. and C. Erseus. 1994. Habitat preferences and species associations of shallow-water marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the barrier reef ecosystems off Belize, Central America. Hydrobiologia 278:93-105. 1994 South & Central America; Florida; Bermuda; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves; Marine Worms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fornshell, J. A. 1994. Copepod nauplii from the barrier reef of Belize. Hydrobiologia 295-301. 1994 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Plankton
Hemminga, M. A., F. J. Slim, J. Kazungu, G. M. Ganssen, J. Nieuwenhuize, and N. M. Kruyt. 1994. Carbon outwelling from a mangrove forest with adjacent seagrass beds and coral reefs (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Marine Ecology Progress Series 106:291-302. 1994 Kenya Mangroves; Seagrasses
Hinrichsen, D. 1994. Coasts under pressure. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:9-Jun. 1994 South & Central America; China; Caribbean; Spain Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huber, M. E. 1994. An assessment of the status of the coral reefs of Papua New Guinea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:69-73. 1994 Global; Papua New Guinea Agriculture; Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment
Salm, R. 1994. Coral's hidden riches. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:19-21. 1994 Indian Ocean; India Model Aquaculture; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Forestry; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Stoffle, R. W., D. B. Halmo, T. W. Wagner, and J. J. Luczkovich. 1994. Reefs from space: Satellite imagery, marine ecology, and ethnography in the Dominican Republic. Human Ecology 22:355-378. 1994 Global; Dominican Republic Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Walters, J. S. 1994. Coastal common property regimes in southeast Asia. Pages 304-327 Ocean yearbook. Vol. 11. 1994 Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Philippines Mangroves
Bird, E. C. F. 1993. UNEP-sponsored studies on the impact of sea level rise in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography 24:1-110. 1993 Global; Thailand; Malaysia; Java; Indonesia GIS & Maps Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Chavez, ER NE ST O and JO HN Tunnell. 1993. Needs for management and conservation of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 2040-2053 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 South & Central America; Mexico Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Dworschak, P. C. and J. A. Ott. 1993. Decapod burrows in mangrove-channel and back-reef environments at the Atlantic Barrier Reef, Belize. Ichnos 2:277-290. 1993 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Ellis, D. V. 1993. Wetlands or aquatic ape? Availability of food resources. Nutrition and health (Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire) 9:205-217. 1993 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Mangroves; Molluscs; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Guzman, H. M. and I. Holst. 1993. Effects of chronic oil-sediment pollution on the reproduction of the Caribbean reef coral Siderastrea siderea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 26:276-282. 1993 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral
Hallock, P. and M. W. Peebles. 1993. Foraminifera with chlorophyte endosymbionts: Habitats of six species in the Florida Keys. Marine Micropaleontology 20:277-292. 1993 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Jagtap, T. G. 1993. Studies on littoral and sublittoral macrophytes around the Mauritius coast. Atoll Research Bulletin 1993 Mauritius Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Kuo, J., W. Lee Long, and R. G. Coles. 1993. Occurrence and fruit and seed biology of Halophila tricostata Greenway (Hydrocharitaceae). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:43-57. 1993 Australia Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Maul, G. A. 1993. Implications of future climate on the ecosystems and socio-economic structure in the marine and coastal regions of the intra-Americas sea. Pages 28-Mar Climatic change in the intra-Americas sea. 1993 Global; South & Central America; Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
McGregor, K. R. and M. E. Huber. 1993. A bibliography of research relating to Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 19:59-76. 1993 Papua New Guinea Mangroves; Seagrasses
Medeiros, C. and B. Kjerfve. 1993. Hydrology of a Tropical Estuarine System: Itamaraca, Brazil. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 36:495-515. 1993 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Discharges; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Wetlands
Michalek, J. L., T. W. Wagner, J. J. Luczkovich, and R. W. Stoffle. 1993. Multispectral change vector analysis for monitoring coastal marine environments. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 59:381-384. 1993 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Morell, J. M. and J. E. Corredor. 1993. Sediment Nitrogen Trapping in a Mangrove Lagoon. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 37:203-212. 1993 Puerto Rico Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Moriarty, D. J. W. and M. J. O'Donohue. 1993. Nitrogen fixation in seagrass communities during summer in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:117-125. 1993 Australia Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Price, A. R. G., C. R. C. Sheppard, and C. M. Roberts. 1993. The Gulf: Its biological setting. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:15-Sep. 1993 Global; Iran Review Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses
Rasmussen, K. A., I. G. Macintyre, and L. Prufert. 1993. Modern stromatolite reefs fringing a brackish coastline, Chetumal Bay, Belize. Geology 21:199-202. 1993 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
Sedberry, G. R. and J. Carter. 1993. The fish community of a shallow tropical lagoon in Belize, Central America. Estuaries 16:198-215. 1993 South & Central America; Belize Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Taylor, D. S. 1993. Distribution and ecology of Haemagogus aeritinctus in Belize, Central America. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 9:102-103. 1993 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves; Salinity
Alongi, D. M. 1992. Vertical profiles of bacterial abundance, productivity and growth rates in coastal sediments of the central Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Biology 112:657-663. 1992 Australia Climate; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment
Alongi, D. M. and P. Christoffersen. 1992. Benthic infauna and organism-sediment relations in a shallow, tropical coastal area: influence of outwelled mangrove detritus and physical disturbance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 81:229-245. 1992 Mangroves; Sediment
Bacon, P. R. and G. P. Alleng. 1992. The management of Insular Caribbean mangroves in relation to site location and community type. Hydrobiologia 247:235-241. 1992 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Antilles; Jamaica; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Caribbean Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal
Blaber, S. J. M., D. T. Brewer, J. P. Salini, J. D. Kerr, and C. Conacher. 1992. Species composition and biomasses of fishes in tropical seagrasses at Groote Eylandt, northern Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 35:605-620. 1992 Australia Apex Fish Predators; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Bunt, J. S. 1992. How can fragile marine ecosystems best be conserved? Pages 229-242 in Use and misuse of the seafloor. Report of Dahlem Workshop, 1991. 1992 Global Mangroves
Chikhi, H. 1992. A Mediterranean to subtropical palynoflora during Messinian pre-evaporitic events in Algeria [Une palynoflore mediterraneenne a subtropicale Au Messinien pre- evaporitique en Algerie]. Geologie Mediterraneenne 19:19-30. 1992 Climate; Mangroves
Davis Jr, R. A., A. C. Hine, and E. A. Shinn. 1992. Holocene coastal development on the Florida peninsula. Pages 193-212 Quaternary coasts of the United States. 1992 Florida Coastal Development; Mangroves; Sediment
Ellison, A. M. and E. J. Farnsworth. 1992. The ecology of Belizean mangrove-root fouling communities: patterns of epibiont distribution and abundance, and effects on root growth. Hydrobiologia 247:87-98. 1992 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Mangroves; Salinity; Sponges; Stony Coral
Jaccarini, V. and E. Martens. 1992. The ecology of mangrove and related ecosystems. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Mombasa, Kenya, September 1990. Hydrobiologia 247. 1992 Kenya Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Johnson, K. G. 1992. Population dynamics of a free-living coral: Recruitment, growth and survivorship of Manicina areolata (Linnaeus) on the Caribbean coast of Panama. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 164:171-191. 1992 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Nutrients
Linden, O. 1992. Productivity and biodiversity in tropical coastlands [Produktivitet och biodiversitet i tropiska kustomraden]. Ymer 112:92-96. 1992 Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Michalek Jeffrey, L., W. Wagner Thomas, J. Luczkovich Joseph, and W. Stoffle Richard. 1992. Multispectral change vector analysis for monitoring coastal marine environments. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:635-641. 1992 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Reid, W. V. and M. C. Trexler. 1992. Responding to potential impacts of climate change on US coastal biodiversity. Coastal Management 20:117-142. 1992 Global Climate; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Uno, S. 1992. Importance of chlorophyll as an indicator of environmental monitoring in coastal area. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:567-574. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Plankton
Uno, S. and K. Gotoh. 1992. Some examples of environmental monitoring in coastal area by remote sensing techniques. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:835-841. 1992 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment
Uthoff, D. 1992. Tourism and coastal change on Phuket, southern Thailand [Tourismus und Kustenveranderung auf Phuket/Sudthailand]. Erdkundliches Wissen 105:237-249. 1992 Thailand; Malaysia Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
van Genderen, J. L., R. A. van Zuidam, and S. GO NZ AL ES Fager. 1992. Environmental information systems for coastal zone management in developing countries. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 1930:647-656. 1992 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Wolanski, E. 1992. Hydrodynamics of tropical coastal marine systems. Pages 4-24 Pollution in tropical aquatic systems. 1992 Model Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Al-Madany, I. M., M. A. Abdalla, and A. S. E. Abdu. 1991. Coastal zone management in Bahrain: An analysis of social, economic and environmental impacts of dredging and reclamation. Journal of Environmental Management 32:335-348. 1991 Bahrain Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dipper, F. and F. Pearce. 1991. Earth, air, fire, water, oil and war. BBC Wildlife 9:190-195. 1991 Kuwait Mangroves; Whales & Dolphins
Eid, E.-M., E., and M. A. Fawzi. 1991. Egyptian approach towards appropriate use of coastal zones on the Red Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:331-337. 1991 Egypt Mangroves; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation
Gable, F. J., D. G. Aubrey, and J. H. Gentile. 1991. Global environmental change issues in the Western Indian Ocean region. Geoforum 22:401-419. 1991 Global; Indian Ocean; India Model Climate; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Galli, G. 1991. Mangrove-generated structures and depositional model of the pleistocene fort thompson formation (Florida plateau). Facies 25:297-314. 1991 Florida Model Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Guzman, H. M., J. B. C. Jackson, and E. Weil. 1991. Short-term ecological consequences of a major oil spill on Panamanian subtidal reef corals. Coral Reefs 10:12-Jan. 1991 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Solid Waste Disposal; Stony Coral
Hanna Rifaat, G. M. 1991. Available data for management of the Egyptian Red Sea coastal areas. Pages 3433-3445 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Egypt Mangroves; Mining Policies; Petroleum Spills
Keller, B, D. and J. B. C. Jackson. 1991. Long-term assessment of the oil spill at Bahia Las Minas, Panama interim report, volume I: executive summary. OCS Study MMS 90-0030, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, New Orleans, LA. 1991 Panama Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Kelletat, D. 1991. Main trends of Palau Islands' coastal evolution, identified by air and ground truthing. GeoJournal 24:77-85. 1991 Palau; Micronesia Mangroves; Sediment
LeProvost, M. I. and D. M. Gordon. 1991. Oilfield development and protection of natural resources within the tropical marine environment of the Rowley Shelf, Northwest Australia. Pages 527-540 in SPE Asia Pacific Conference. 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Petroleum Spills
Mathieson, A. C. and P. H. Nienhuis. 1991. Intertidal and littoral ecosystems. Intertidal and littoral ecosystems. 1991 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean; Iceland Remote Sensing Light; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate
Moller Andersen, N. 1991. Cladistic biogeography of marine water striders (Insecta, Hemiptera) in the Indo-Pacific. Australian Systematic Botany 4:151-163. 1991 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Solomon Islands; New Caledonia; Fiji; Philippines Mangroves
Morales Pedro, RO A. 1991. Sediments and quaternary study of the coastal Lagoon of Unare (Venezuela). Pages 2271-2283 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Paw, J. N. and T.-E. Chua. 1991. Managing coastal resources in Cilacap, Indonesia, and Lingayen Gulf, Philippines - an ASEAN initiative. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:779-783. 1991 Java; Indonesia; Philippines Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Stoddart, D. R. and F. R. Fosberg. 1991. Phytogeography and vegetation of the reef islands of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Atoll Research Bulletin 1991 Australia Mangroves; Marine Birds; Seagrasses
Woodroffe, C. D. and J. Grindrod. 1991. Mangrove biogeography: the role of Quaternary environmental and sea- level change. Journal of Biogeography 18:479-492. 1991 Global; Southeast Asia Mangroves
Aleem, A. A. 1990. Impact of human activity on marine habitats along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Hydrobiologia 208:15-Jul. 1990 Saudi Arabia Mangroves; Seagrasses
Alongi, D. M. 1990. Effect of mangrove detrital outwelling on nutrient regeneration and oxygen fluxes in coastal sediments of the central Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 31:581-598. 1990 Australia; Cuba Lab Study Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment
Baelde, P. 1990. Differences in the structures of fish assemblages in Thalassia testudinum beds in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, and their ecological significance. Marine Biology 105:163-173. 1990 Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Berwick, N. L. 1990. Guidelines for the analysis of biophysical impacts to tropical coastal marine resources. Pages Sep-62 in Conservation in developing countries. Proc. centenary seminar, Bombay Natural History Society. 1990 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Blaber, S. J. M. and D. A. Milton. 1990. Species composition, community structure and zoogeography of fishes of mangrove estuaries in the Solomon Islands. Marine Biology 105:259-267. 1990 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Solomon Islands Fish; Mangroves; Small Herbivorous Fish
Darnell, R. M. 1990. Mapping of the biological resources of the continental shelf. American Zoologist 30:15-21. 1990 South & Central America; Mexico GIS & Maps Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Plankton; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fagoonee, I. 1990. Coastal marine ecosystems of Mauritius. Hydrobiologia 208:55-62. 1990 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; India Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Wetlands
Foster, M. S., J. A. Tarpley, and S. L. Dearn. 1990. To clean or not to clean: the rationale, methods, and consequences of removing oil from temperate shores. Northwest Environmental Journal 6:105-120. 1990 Review Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Tourism & Recreation
Geoffrey Adams, C., D. E. Lee, and B. R. Rosen. 1990. Conflicting isotopic and biotic evidence for tropical sea-surface temperatures during the Tertiary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 77:289-313. 1990 Mangroves
Linden, O. 1990. Human impact on tropical coastal zones. Nature and Resources 26:3-11. 1990 Aquaculture; Mangroves
Mazda, Y., Y. Sato, S. Sawamoto, H. Yokochi, and E. Wolanski. 1990. Links between physical, chemical and biological processes in Bashita-minato, a mangrove swamp in Japan. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 31:817-833. 1990 Japan Algae; Light; Mangroves; Primary Production; Seawater Flow; Storms & Hurricanes
Wolanski, E., Y. Mazda, B. King, and S. Gay. 1990. Dynamics, flushing and trapping in Hinchinbrook channel, a giant mangrove swamp, Australia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 31:555-579. 1990 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Aquaculture; Discharges; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Alvarez L., R. 1989. Marine ecosystems of the Colombian Caribbean [Los ecosistemas marinos del Caribe colombiano]. Bulletin - Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 45:131-143. 1989 South & Central America; Caribbean Mangroves
Currie, B. R. and R. B. Johns. 1989. An organic geochemical analysis of terrestrial biomarkers in a transect of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 40:275-284. 1989 Australia Mangroves; Sediment
Goudie, A. 1989. The nature of the environment. Second edition. The nature of the environment. Second edition. 1989 Mangroves
Hinrichsen, D. 1989. Coping with pollution in Indonesia. Earthwatch 35:8-Jun. 1989 Indonesia Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Wastewater Discharge
Jackson, J. B. C., J. D. Cubit, B. D. Keller, V. Batista, K. Burns, H. M. Caffey, R. L. Caldwell, S. D. Garrity, C. D. Getter, C. Gonzalez, H. M. Guzman, K. W. Kaufmann, A. H. Knap, S. C. Levings, M. J. Marshall, R. Steger, R. C. Thompson, and E. Weil. 1989. Ecological effects of a major oil spill on Panamanian coastal marine communities. Science 243:37-44. 1989 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Kelletat, D. 1989. Biosphere and man as agents in coastal geomorphology and ecology. Geookodynamik 10:215-252. 1989 Review Algae; Mangroves
Lester Robert, T. 1989. Potential effects of global climatic disruption on coral reef ecosystems. Pages 3045-3058 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Global Climate; Light; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Nayak, S., A. Pamdeya, M. C. Gupta, C. R. Trivedi, K. N. Prasad, and S. A. Kadri. 1989. Application of satellite data for monitoring degradation of tidal wetlands of the Gulf of Kachchh, Western India. Acta Astronautica 20:171-178. 1989 India Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Wetlands
Nguyen Tac, AN. 1989. Energy flow in the tropical marine shelf ecosystems of Vietnam. Biologiya Morya (Vladivostok) 2:15-Sep. 1989 China; Vietnam Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Primary Production
Nienhuis, P. H., J. Coosen, and W. Kiswara. 1989. Community structure and biomass distribution of seagrasses and macrofauna in the flores sea, Indonesia. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 23:197-214. 1989 Indonesia Model; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
Sanchez, F. 1989. The \Corales del Rosario' National Park [El Parque Nacional Natural Corales del Rosario (PNNCR)]". Bulletin - Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 45:205-213. 1989 Mangroves
Brown, B. E. 1988. Fate of metals in biota and biological interactions in the tropical coastal zone. Pages 109-121 Metals in coastal environments of Latin America. 1988 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Seagrasses
D'Aluisio-Guerrieri, G. M. and R. A. Davis Jr. 1988. Infilling of coastal lagoons by terrigenous siliciclastic and marine carbonate sediments: Vieques, Puerto Rico. Pages 207-230 Carbonate-clastic transitions. 1988 Puerto Rico Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gomez, E. D. 1988. Overview of environmental problems in the East Asian Seas Region. Ambio 17:166-169. 1988 Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia; Philippines Review Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Lessios, H. A. 1988. Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean: what have we learned? Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 371-393. 1988 South & Central America; Florida; Cayman Islands; Jamaica; Bermuda; Tobago; Belize; Costa Rica; Panama; Caribbean; Mexico Mangroves; Pathogens; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Rutzler, K. 1988. Mangrove sponge disease induced by cyanobacterial symbionts: failure of a primitive immune system? Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 5:143-149. 1988 Cyanobacteria; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Sponges
Ruyabhorn, P. and D. Phantumvanit. 1988. Coastal and marine resources of Thailand - emerging issues facing an industrializing country. Ambio 17:229-232. 1988 Thailand Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Ward, J. V. 1988. Palynology of Kosrae, Eastern Caroline Islands: Recoveries from pollen rain and holocene deposits. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 55:247-271. 1988 US Pacific & Hawaii Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Woodroffe, C. D. 1988. Relict mangrove stand on Last Interglacial terrace, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Journal of Tropical Ecology 4:17-Jan. 1988 Indian Ocean; India Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Agustinus, W. TA UF IK. 1987. Marine Resource Management In The Java Sea. Pages 4488-4502 in [No source information available]. 1987 Java; Indonesia Mangroves; Resource Use Management
Alongi, D. M. 1987. Intertidal zonation and seasonality of meiobenthos in tropical mangrove estuaries. Marine Biology 95:447-458. 1987 Australia Discharges; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ballou, T. G., R. E. Dodge, S. C. Hess, A. H. Knap, and T. D. Sleeter. 1987. Effects of a dispersed and undispersed crude oil on mangroves, seagrasses and corals. Prepared for the American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Courboules, J. 1987. Mapping a coastal area in the Red Sea by the digital processing of SPOT 1 HRV data [Mapping a coastal area in the Red Sea by the digital processing of SPOT 1 HRV data]. Pages 35-44 Photo Interpretation: Images Aeriennes et Spatiales. 1987 Saudi Arabia GIS & Maps Mangroves
Goodwin, M. 1987. Changing times for Caribbean fisheries. Oceanus 30:57-64. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Fishing Sector; Mangroves
Lapointe, B. E., M. M. Littler, and D. S. Littler. 1987. A comparison of nutrient-limited productivity in macroalgae from a Caribbean barrier reef and from a mangrove ecosystem. Aquatic Botany 28:243-255. 1987 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients
Muller-Parker, G. 1987. Seasonal variation in light-shade adaptation of natural populations of the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella (Carlgren, 1943) in Hawaii. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 112:165-183. 1987 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Mangroves; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Ogden John, C. and MA RC Steyaert. 1987. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (Caricomp): A Regional Laboratory Network. Pages 2793-2801 in [No source information available]. 1987 South & Central America; Caribbean Lab Study Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses
Rutzler, K. and C. Feller. 1987. Mangrove swamp communities. Oceanus 30:16-24. 1987 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
Thia-Eng, CH UA and N. Paw James. 1987. Aquaculture Development And Coastal Zone Management In Southeast Asia: Conflicts And Complementary. Pages 2007-2021 in [No source information available]. 1987 Southeast Asia Review Agriculture; Aquaculture; Mangroves
Woodroffe, C. D. 1987. Pacific Island mangroves: distribution and environmental settings. Pacific Science 41:166-185. 1987 US Pacific & Hawaii Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Alongi, D. M. 1986. Quantitative estimates of benthic protozoa in tropical marine systems using silica gel: A comparison of methods. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 23:443-450. 1986 Australia Lab Study Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate
Foster, W. A. and J. E. Treherne. 1986. The ecology and behaviour of a marine insect, Halobates fijiensis (Hemiptera: Gerridae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 86:391-412. 1986 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Mangroves; Skeletal Coral
Rafalska-Bloch, J. and R. Cunningham Jr. 1986. Organic fades in Recent sediments of carbonate platforms: Southwestern Puerto Rico and Northern Belize. Organic Geochemistry 10:717-724. 1986 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Belize Model; Index or Indicator Mangroves; Sediment
Warren. J. H. and A. J. Underwood. 1986. Effects of burrowing crabs on the topography of mangrove swamps in New South Wales. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 102:223-235. 1986 Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves
Alexander, C. S. 1985. Hispaniola. in [No source information available]. 1985 Mangroves
Alexander, C. S. 1985. Tanzania. in [No source information available]. 1985 Tanzania Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Battistini, P. and P. Le Bourdiec. 1985. Madagascar. in [No source information available]. 1985 Madagascar Field Study & Monitoring Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bird, E. C. F. 1985. Burma. in [No source information available]. 1985 Mangroves
Bird, E. C. F. 1985. Cuba. in [No source information available]. 1985 Cuba Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Bird, E. C. F. 1985. Fiji. in [No source information available]. 1985 Fiji Mangroves; Sediment
Bird, E. C. F. 1985. Indonesia. in [No source information available]. 1985 Java; Indonesia Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bird, E. C. F. 1985. Philippines. in [No source information available]. 1985 Philippines Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Bird, E. C. F. and J. Iltis. 1985. New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. in [No source information available]. 1985 New Caledonia Mangroves
Birkeland, C. and D. Grosenbaugh. 1985. Ecological interactions between tropical coastal ecosytems. UNEP regional seas reports and studies No. 73. UNEP. 1985 Mangroves; Nutrients; Shoreline Protection
Boaden, P. J. S. and R. Seed. 1985. An introduction to coastal ecology. An introduction to coastal ecology. 1985 Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment
Chen, J., C. Liu, and Z. Yu. 1985. China. in [No source information available]. 1985 China; Taiwan Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Eisma, D. 1985. Vietnam. in [No source information available]. 1985 Vietnam Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Galloway, R. W. 1985. Northern Territory. in [No source information available]. 1985 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hayward, A. B. 1985. Coastal alluvial fans (fan deltas) of the Gulf of Aqaba (Gulf of Eilat), Red Sea. Sedimentary Geology 43:241-260. 1985 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Coralline Algae; Mangroves; Sediment
Littler, M. M., P. R. Taylor, D. S. Littler, R. H. Sims, and J. N. Norris. 1985. The distribution, abundance and primary productivity of submerged macrophytes in a Belize barrier-reef mangrove system. Atoll Research Bulletin 1985 South & Central America; Belize Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Perkins, J. S. and A. Carr III. 1985. The Belize Barrier Reef: Status and prospects for conservation management. Biological Conservation 31:291-301. 1985 Global; South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Mangroves
Pitman, J. I. 1985. Thailand. in [No source information available]. 1985 Thailand Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Samiullah, Y. 1985. Biological effects of marine oil pollution. Oil and Petrochemical Pollution 2:235-264. 1985 Global Review Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins
Sheppard, C. R. C. 1985. Reefs and coral assemblages of Saudi Arabia: 2. Fringing reefs in the southern region, Jeddah to Jizan. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7:37-58. 1985 Saudi Arabia Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Mangroves; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Swan, B. 1985. Sri Lanka. in [No source information available]. 1985 Sri Lanka Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Woods, P. J., M. J. Webb, and I. G. Eliot. 1985. Western Australia. in [No source information available]. 1985 Australia Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Zeng, Zhao-Xuan. 1985. Progress report on landform classification on the South China coast. Journal of Coastal Research 1:193-196. 1985 China Mangroves
Ansell, A. D. 1984. The beach at Qurm. NERC Newsjournal 3:10-Aug. 1984 Beaches & Nature Parks; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves
Bunt, J. S. 1984. Australian tropical marine ecosystems. Pages 125-145 Northern Australia. 1984 Australia Aquaculture; Mangroves
Cubit, J., G. Batista de Yee, A. Roman, and V. Batista. 1984. The value of mangroves and barrier reefs as a natural resource in the province of Colon [El valor de los manglares y de los arrecifes de franja como recurso natural en la provincia de Colon.]. Revista medica de Panama 9:56-67. 1984 Mangroves
Jones, A. R. 1984. Sedimentary relationships and community structure of benthic crustacean assemblages of reef-associated sediments at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 3:101-111. 1984 Australia Mangroves; Sediment
Lal, P. N. 1984. Environmental implications of coastal development in Fiji. Ambio 13:316-321. 1984 US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji Agriculture; Coastal Development; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Ojany, F. F. 1984. Some aspects of the geomorphic evolution of the Kenya coast with special reference to the Kambe limestone rocks of the Kilifi area. Pages 117-127 Natural and man-induced environmental changes in tropical Africa,. 1984 Kenya Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Untawale, A. G. and T. G. Jagtap. 1984. Marine macrophytes of minicoy (Lakshadweep) coral atoll of the Arabian Sea. Aquatic Botany 19:97-103. 1984 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Vandermeulen John, H. and S. Gilfillan Edward. 1984. Petroleum Pollution, Corals And Mangroves. Marine Technology Society Journal 18:62-72. 1984 Global Lab Study Mangroves; Primary Production
Wellington, G. M. 1984. Marine environment and protection. Pages 247-263 Key environments: Galapagos. 1984 Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Buckley, R. 1983. Biogeography of mangroves on northern Great Barrier Reef islands. Bulletin of Marine Science 33:767-776. 1983 Australia Mangroves; Substrate
Chappell, J. 1983. Evidence for smoothly falling sea level relative to north Queensland, Australia, during the past 6,000 yr. Nature 302:406-408. 1983 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gundermann, N., D. M. Popper, and T. Lichatowich. 1983. Biology and life cycle of Siganus vermiculatus ( Siganidae, Pisces). Pacific Science 37:165-180. 1983 Algae; Fish; Mangroves; Salinity
Holdich, D. M. and K. Harrison. 1983. Sphaeromatid isopods (Crustacea) from brackish waters in Queensland, Australia. Zoologica Scripta 12:127-140. 1983 Australia Mangroves; Sediment
Horstmann, U. 1983. Cultivation of the green alga, Caulerpa racemosa, in tropical waters and some aspects of its physiological ecology. Aquaculture 32:361-371. 1983 Philippines Fleshy Macroalgae; Mangroves; Salinity
Macintyre, I. G. 1983. Growth, depositional facies, and diagenesis of a modern bioherm, Galeta Point, Panama. Pages 578-593 in Carbonate buildups - a core workshop, SEPM core workshop 4, Dallas, 1983. 1983 Panama Mangroves
Bird, E. C. F. 1982. The management of coastal resources in tropical Australia. Pages 77-84 Man, Land and Sea. 1982 Australia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Child, C. A. 1982. Pycnogonida from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I: structure and communities 355-380. 1982 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Bermuda; Belize Algae; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Skeletal Coral
Dasmann, R. F. 1982. The environmental impact of tourism. Pages 48-52 in The impact of tourism development in the Pacific. Conference papers, 1978. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Fosberg, F. R., D. R. Stoddart, M.-H. Sachet, and D. L. Spellman. 1982. Plants of the Belize cays. Atoll Research Bulletin 258. 1982 South & Central America; Belize Mangroves
Stoddart, D. R., F. R. Fosberg, and D. L. Spellman. 1982. Cays of the Belize barrier reef and lagoon. Atoll Research Bulletin 1982 South & Central America; Belize GIS & Maps Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Taraschewski, H. and I. Paperna. 1982. Trematode infections in Pirenella conica in three sites of a mangrove lagoon in Sinai. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 67:165-173. 1982 Fish; Mangroves; Molluscs; Snails & Conch
Thorhaug, A. and J. H. Marcus. 1982. Energy-related pollution of semi-tropical and tropical nearshore ecosystems. in [No source information available]. 1982 Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses
Bernard, P. 1981. Numerations bacteriennes dans le lagon du grand Cul-de-Sac marin et sa zone (guadeloupe). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 50:197-212. 1981 Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Sediment
Bird, E. C. F. and O. S. R. Ongkosongo. 1981. Environmental changes on the coasts of Indonesia ( resource management). in [No source information available]. 1981 Indonesia Review Mangroves; Resource Use Management
Bryceson, I. 1981. A review of some problems of tropical marine conservation with particular reference to the Tanzanian coast. Biological Conservation 20:163-171. 1981 Tanzania Review Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Jeyaseelan, M. J. PR IN CE and K. Krishnamurthy. 1981. Comparison Of The Mangrove And The Coral Reef Ecosystems With Reference To Fishes. Pages 589-593 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1981 Mangroves
Wolanski, E. 1981. Physical oceanography of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. in IN: CONF. ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGNG. 1981, PREPRINTS, (TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA: JUL. 8-10, 1981), BARTON, AUSTRALIA, INST. ENGRS. 1981 Australia Mangroves
Ellenberg, L. 1980. (The climatic morphology of tropical coasts). [Zur klimamorphologie tropischer Kusten.]. Berliner Geographische Studien 7:177-191. 1980 Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lesueur, P. 1980. (Dynamic aspects of sedimentation in the Bay of Cartagena, Columbia) ( coasts). [Aspects dynamiques de la sedimentation dans la Baie de Cartagena, Colombie.]. Bulletin, Institut de Geologie du Bassin d'Aquitaine 28:143-166. 1980 Columbia Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Sediment
Umali Ricardo, M. 1980. Application Of Satellite Remote Sensing To Natural Resources Management In The Philippines. Pages 307-313 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. 1980 Philippines Remote Sensing Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Wang, Y. 1980. The coast of China. Geoscience Canada 7:109-113. 1980 China Climate; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Woodroffe, C. D., D. R. Stoddart, and M. E. C. Giglioli. 1980. Pleistocene patch reefs and Holocene swamp morphology, Grand Cayman Island, West Indies. Journal of Biogeography 7:103-113. 1980 Mangroves; Sediment
Johannes, R. E. 1978. Reproductive strategies of coastal marine fishes in the tropics. Environmental Biology of Fishes 3:65-84. 1978 Model Fish; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Por, F. D., I. Dor, and A. Amir. 1977. The mangal of Sinai: Limits of an ecosystem. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 30:295-314. 1977 Model Algae; Mangroves; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Sediment
Abele, L. G. 1976. Comparative species composition and relative abundance of decapod crustaceans in marine habitats of Panama. Marine Biology 38:263-278. 1976 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama; Caribbean Index or Indicator Beaches & Nature Parks; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Stony Coral
Macintyre, I. G. and P. W. Glynn. 1976. Evolution Of Modern Caribbean Fringing Reef, Galeta Point, Panama. AAPG Bulletin 60:1054-1072. 1976 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Mangroves; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
Carlton, J. M. 1974. Land-building and stabilization by mangroves. Environmental Conservation 1:285-294. 1974 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Housing; Mangroves; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Substrate
Heinsohn, G. E. and A. V. Spain. 1974. Effects of a tropical cyclone on littoral and sub-littoral biotic communities and on a population of Dugongs (Dugong dugon (Muller)). Biological Conservation 6:143-152. 1974 Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Mangroves; Storms & Hurricanes
Nedwell, D. B. 1974. Sewage treatment and discharge into tropical coastal waters. Search 5:187-190. 1974 Discharges; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies
Lewis, A. J. and H. C. MacDonald. 1972. Mapping of mangrove and perpendicular-oriented shell reefs in southeastern Panama with side-looking radar. Photogrammetria 28:187-199. 1972 Panama GIS & Maps Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves
Lewis, M. S. 1969. Sedimentary environments and unconsolidated carbonate sediments of the fringing coral reefs of Mahe, Seychelles. Marine Geology 7:95-127. 1969 Seychelles Mangroves; Sediment
Ellison, J. C. Impacts on climate change on ecosystems and species. Cambridge Univ. Climate; Mangroves
Herrera-Silveira, J. A. and S. M. Morales-Ojeda. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin South & Central America; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jalal, K. F. Regional water resources situation: quantitative and qualitative aspects. in [No source information available]. Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Morelock, J. and J. V. A. Trumbull. Puerto Rico. in [No source information available]. Puerto Rico Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves
Ogden, J. V. and E. H. Gladfelter, editors. Coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves: their interactions in the coastal zones of the Caribbean. UNESCO Reports in Marine Science, vol. 23, Paris. South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles; Tobago; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Venezuela; Caribbean; Mexico Mangroves; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Schwartz, M. L. Caribbean Colombia. in [No source information available]. South & Central America; Caribbean Beaches & Nature Parks; Mangroves

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Coastal Construction & Development This involves assessing coral, seagrass, and hard bottom substrate that is impacted during coastal construction repair or alternation. If unacceptable damages are occurring this information will be useful in future permit decision making. If infringements have occurred, this information may be useful for compensatory mitigation and liability for restoration of those natural resources injured. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Ports & Harbors; Reef Habitat; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Special Use Permitting; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Monitor & Research: Research and Monitor Wetlands This management option involves monitoring and research of mangroves, both for biotic and abiotic factors. Some biotic factors include disease, species, invasive species, abundance, age and leaf litter. Important abiotic factors include sedimentation rates, types and causes of turbidity, and soil chemistry. The activity would document changes to the extent of mangrove vegetation by using historical aerial photography and other records. Wetland nutrient and contaminant processing productivity depends on maintaining a balance and not exceeding thresholds. There remain many unknowns in wetland restoration as to optimal capacity and how to achieve this. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; Complex Habitat & Resources; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Primary Production; Regulating Services; Scientific Research; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Water Quality Management: Treating Effluent Water Through Wetlands Additional treatment of sewage is often a necessary management option because secondary treatment alone leaves 20,000 times more nutrients in the water than the safe limit for corals. High concentrations of nutrients in the water leads to eutrophication, and coral reefs are more sensitive to nutrient enrichment than any other coastal system. Wetlands are extremely successful at reducing nitrogen levels in water. Using natural wetlands or "living machines" to perform this task can actually be more cost effective than further sewage treatment. Each successive wetland treatment cell of the series can provide incredible levels of denitrification, and thus protect corals from nutrient enrichment. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
25 Virgin Islands Code. Under Title 25, in addition to requirements for boat registration and administration of harbors, among other things, sections pertaining to the mooring and anchoring of vessels and houseboats provide for the protection of important marine resources in USVI waters. The Law requires mandatory boating education and safety courses for all boat operators.

Application to Coral Reefs:Mooring and anchoring are restricted and not allowed near fragile systems. Not anchoring on coral reefs is abig plus of this legislation.

Legislative Actions:Penalties for violation of the Chapter include fines not to exceed $1,000, a lien on the vessel and potential libel suit

Comments:A houseboat or vessel is allowed to moor or anchor only in those areas designated by the Department. Section 404(g) of the legislation lists areas designated as areas of special concern. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Boating Regulations; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Environmental Education & Outreach; Large Ships; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Transportation Policies
Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, 18-18 Florida Administrative Code. 18-18.001 Intent. (1) The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, the boundaries of which are fully described in Rule 18-18.002, F.A.C., was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (2) These rules shall apply to all lands public and private within the boundaries of the preserve. However, privately owned uplands shall be excluded from these rules except as otherwise provided for herein. (3) In promulgating and implementing these rules, it is the intent of the Department to construe the provisions of Sections 258.397 and 258.35 through 258.46, F.S., together and to apply the more stringent statutory provisions for the maintenance of the preserve. (4) The preserve shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserve through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserve so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the legislature in creating the preserve; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the Act and these rules, to assist in managing the preserve; (e) To encourage activities that protect or enhance the biological and aesthetic values of the preserve, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions towards their natural condition, when reviewing applications or developing and implementing management plans for the preserve; (f) To preserve and promote indigenous life forms and habitats including but not limited to sponges, soft corals, hard corals, seagrasses, mangroves, mud flats, marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, marine mammals, tropical marine invertebrates, birds and shellfish; (g) To acquire additional title interests in land wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological or aesthetic values of the preserve.

Application to Coral Reefs:Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve protection of water quality will contribute to a lowering of contaminants leaving the preserve on tides and thus limiting the contaminants that reach off-shore ecosystems including the FKNMS and the reef system within the sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter establishes the rules to protect the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, which was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Chapter 1: Wildlife including protected areas, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates hunting, including for migratory birds, wildlife restoration, establishes and regulates wildlife and marine sactuaries and game preserves.

Application to Coral Reefs:The coral reefs of the US Virgin Islands are within the boundaries off the marine sanctuaries and therefore have the same protection that marine sanctuaries have. Special licenses are required for scientific investigation and for collectors. In wildlife and marine sanctuaries, except under proper permit, taking or posessing any bird, fish, or other wildlife is illegal. Discharge of a firearm or release of arrows (spearfishing) in wildlife or marine sanctuaries is illegal. No form of waste can be thrown, placed or deposited in a wildlife or marine sanctuary.

Legislative Actions:The Commissioner or any USVI resident can commence a civil action. Civil penalties for violators are not to exceed $50,000 per day. Any knowingly or negligently discharging polluants can be crimimnally punished with a fine of not less than $5,000 nor more

Comments:Commissioner of Planning and Natural Resources can designate and establish wildlife and marine sanctuaries, and accept monitary and animal donations from the United States. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Arthropods; Bivalves; Complex Habitat & Resources; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Chapter 10: Open shorelines, 12 Virgin Islands Code. The seashore has always provided recreation, meditation, and physical therapy to the residents of the USVI. The shoreline provides access to the sea and a way of life for fisherman.The law requires that the public be given access to shorelines of the USVI for use and enjoyment.

Application to Coral Reefs:The limitation on barriers, obstructions, and retraints to beach access will have a minor role in protecting coral reefs because sedimentation that would have been associated with that minor construction will not occur.

Legislative Actions:No person, firm, corporation, association or other legal entity shall create, erect, maintain, or construct any obstruction, barrier, or restraint of any nature whatsoever upon, across or within the shorelines of the USVI as defined in this section, which would interfere with the right of the public individually and collectively. to use and enjoy any shoreline.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Mangroves; Marine Vertebrates; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Chapter 17: Oil soil prevention and pollution control, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Prohibits the discharge of oil, petroleum products or their by-products, and other pollutants into or upon any coastal waters, estuaries, tidal flats, beaches, and land adjoining the seacoast of the Territory. Requires prompt containment and removal of petroleum.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects ecosystems, including coral reefs, from petroleum spills and provides for cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Established the Virgin Island Coastal Protection Fund of $1,000,000 for cleanup response. Prohibits derilict vessels upon any public waters or ports. Provides for civil penaltiesup to $50,000per day. Requires a National Contingency Plan.

Comments:Because it is the intent of this chapter to provide the means for rapid and effective cleanup and to minimize damages, any licensee and its agents or servants, including vessels destined for or leaving a licensee's terminal facility, who permits or suffers a prohibited discharge or other polluting condition to take place within territorial boundaries shall be liable to the territory for all costs of cleanup or other damage incurred by the territory and for damages resulting from injury to others. The territory shall have an absolute maritime lien which shall attach to any vessel and its freight on behalf of the territory or any person injured, for all costs of cleanup and other damages incurred as a result of a prohibited discharge. In any suit to enforce claims of the territory under this chapter, it shall not be necessary for the territory to plead or prove negligence in any form or manner on the part of the licensee or any vessel. If the territory is damaged by a discharge prohibited by this chapter it need only plead and prove the fact of the prohibited discharge or other polluting condition and that it occurred. In addition to the civil penalty, the pilot and the master of any vessel or person in charge of any licensee's terminal facility who fails to give immediate notification of a discharge to the harbor master and nearest U.S. Coast Guard station shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not less than $5,000 nor more than $10,000. The Department shall, by rules and regulations, require that the licensee designate a person at the terminal facility who shall be the person in charge of that facility for the purposes specified by this section. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Collaboration & Partnering; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Water Resources
Chapter 2: Protection of indigenous, endangered and threatened fish, wildlife and plants, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Regulates activities, including scientific research, that could affect indigenous species and species considered at risk (threatened) or endangered, establishes species of special concern and habitats that should be protected, requires permits for trimming mangroves

Application to Coral Reefs:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Legislative Actions:It is illegal to take or posses "live rock" which is defined as dead or live coral. It is illegaal to cut all three species of mangrove trees. Forbidding the takeing of coral directly protects coral species. Not cutting mangraoves will aid in sediment control and the removal of nutrients that could enter coral reef areas. The Commission can designate habitats for listed threatened or endangered species.

Comments: 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Chapter 21: Virgin Islands coastal zone management, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Protect, maintain, preserve and, where feasible, enhance and restore, the overall quality of the environment in the coastal zone, the natural and man-made resources therein, and the scenic and historic resources of the coastal zone for he benefit of residents of and visitors of the USVI

Application to Coral Reefs:The Legislature stated coastal zone protection will conserve ecologically significant resource areas for their contribution to marine productivity and value as wildlife habitats, and preserve the function and integrity of reefs, marine meadows, salt ponds, mangroves and other significant natural areas. The legislation will also maintain or increase coastal water quality through control of erosion, sedimentation, runoff, siltation and sewage discharge.

Legislative Actions:Any violation of the chapter will be grounds for revocation or suspension of coastal zone permit and an order to cease and desist. Any person who violates any provision of the chapter shall be subject to a civil fine not to exceed $10,000 per day. Exemplary damages may be assessed at the discretion of the court.

Comments:Section 908 of the law shows Coastal Zone Boundaries. Section 909 shows areas of special concern. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring
Chapter 9A: Commercial fishing, 12 Virgin Islands Code. Establishes regulations to preserve, manage and protect fishery resources through regulation of fishing in marine, estuarine, and freshwaters

Application to Coral Reefs:"Subject to the provisions of federal laws pertaining to the proprietary rights of the Government of the United States, all species of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, animals, plants and all other species comprising the marine, estuarine, and freshwater fauna and flora within the jurisdiction of the territory, excluding all privately owned ponds not exceeding fifty (50) acres, are hereby declared to be the property of the Government of the United Stattes Virgin islands and of common ownership and public use. They may be freely fished, caught, utilized od traded, subjec t to the limitations of this chapter and the rules and regulations for its enforcement."

Legislative Actions:Conservation Officers can board vessels to inspect catches and can lift 'pots' from the water to inspect their contents. Violations are a misdemeaner with a fine of not more than $500.

Comments:"Subject to the provisions of federal laws pertaining to the proprietary rights of the Government of the United States, all beds and bottoms of navigable rivers, streams, lagoons, lakes, sounds, inlets, bays, roadsteads, harbors, oceans, seas or other bodies of water within the jurisdiction of the territory shall be the property of the territory except such as may be held under some grant or alienation heretofore made. No grant, sale, lease or other conveyance of any water bottom shall hereafter be made by the territory or any official thereof." 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Clean Water Act of 1974, 33 United States Code § 1252. To restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act can be used to establish water quality standards for the disharge of pollutants into surface waters. Section 101 (3) stated that it will be the national policy that the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts will be prohibited. The legislation employs a variety of regulatory and nonregulatory tools to reduce direct pollutant discharges into waterways, finance wastewater treatment facilities, and manage polluted runoff. The tools are employed to achieve the broad goal of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters so they can support "the protection and propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water."

Legislative Actions:During the late 1980's, the program shifted from program-by-program, source by source, pollutant-by-pollutant approach to more holistic water-shed strategies. Under the watershed approach equal emphasis is placed on protecting healthy waters and restoring impaired waters. Also during the 1980's, voluntary programs for nonpoint runoff and regulatory programs for wet weather point sources began to be addressed.

Comments:The Federal Water Pollution Contrl Act Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500, replaced the previous language of the Act entirely, including the Water Quality Act of 1965, the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1965, and the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, all of which had been amendments of the Water Pollution Control Act first passed in 1956. The 1977 amendments, PL 95-217, further amended PL 92-500. 		US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States; US Territories 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Drinking Water Supply; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended through 2004,. A voluntary national program to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans and requires that "any federal activity within or outside of the coastal zone that affects any land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone" shall be "consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the enforceable policies" of a state's coastal zone management plan. The law includes an Enhancement Grants program for protecting, restoring, or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands. It also establishes the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, guidelines for estuarine research, and financial assistance for land acquisition.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present.

Legislative Actions:The 1985 amendments (PL 99-272) established the National Estuarine Reserve Research System a State-Federal process for designating national reserves and guidelines for estuarine research.The 1990 amendments (PL 101-508) established new Enhancement Grants for eight specific areas, including protecting, restoring or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands and assessing the cumulative effects of coastal development on coastal wetlands and fishery resource. Also, the 1990 statute established a new Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The 1998 and 2004 (PL 105-383 and PL 108-456) established a program for the prevention and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia, and included authorization for a representative of the Department of Interior to assess the economic and ecological impacts of algal blooms and hypoxia.

Comments:If implemented, the programs for economic, ecological and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia would be useful for coral reef issues. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Economic Markets & Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Environmental resource permitting procedures, 62-343 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2003). The rule provides the procedural requirements for processing environmental resource permits and obtaining formal determinations of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring permits for projects related to environmental resources will indirectly protect environmental habitats. The permits are related to stormwater managemnt systems including discharges to wetlands. The permit conditions can limit toxics, nutrients and sediment that would be discharged to the environment if the rule were not in place.

Legislative Actions:The rule is procedural and does not have fines or penalties.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Permitting & Zoning; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Environmental Resource Permitting, 62-330 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2005). Under the Chapter, DEP exercises its independent authority under Part IV, Chapter 373, F.S., to regulate surface water management systems, including activities in, on or over wetlands or other surface waters. The term "surface water management system" or "system" include stormwater mangement systems, dams, impoundments, reservoirs, appurtenant works, or works, or any combination thereof, and includes dredging and filling. "Dredging" means excavation, by any means, in surface waters or wetlands

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulating stormwater management systems, dams, reservoirs and dredging will contribute to controlling contaminates from entering estuarine and marine environments and protect ecosystems including coral reefs.,

Legislative Actions:Individual permits will contain the conditions for environmental protection.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge
Estuaries and Clean Waters Act of 2000, 33 United States Code §§ 2901 et seq. Creates a federal interagency council that includes the Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Secretary of Army for Civil Works, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The council is charged with developing a national estuary habitat restoration strategy and providing grants to entities to restore and protect estuary habitat to promote the strategy.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting water quality in estuaries will help mitigate the impacts of water pollution which inturn would help mitigate ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:The Act authorized the formation of the Estuary Habitat Restoration Council that was responsible for developing a National Habitat Restoration Strategy.

Comments: 		US Fish and Wildlife Service, US Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Agriculture, US Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Ballast Discharge; Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Estuaries Protection Act of 1968, 16 United States Code §§ 1221-1226. Authorizes the Secretary of Interior in cooperation with other federal agencies and the states, to study and inventory estuaries of the united states, including land and water of the Great Lakes, and to determine whether such areas should be acquired for protection. The Secretary is also requied to encourage state and local governments to consider the importance of estuaries in their planning activities relative to federal natural resources grants.

Application to Coral Reefs:Established the congressional policy on the values of wetlands and the need to conserve their natural resources. Protection of wetlands provide coral reefs with an indirect benefit as the wetland serves the functions of nutrient removal and sediment containment

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Secretary of Interior in conjunction with other federal agencies and States

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Building & Home Construction; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Exec. Order No. 11990, Protection of Wetlands, 42 Federal Register 26961 (1977). Federal agencies are directed to provide leadership and take action to minimize the destruction, loss, or degradation of wetland and to preserve and enhance the natural and beneficial uses of wetlands.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and restoration of wetlands benefits coral reefs because wetlands stop nutrients and sediments from entering waterbodies and eventually reaching coral reefs and producing adverse effects.

Legislative Actions:The Order protects wetlands on projects on Federal lands. The agencies are to provide leadership to minimize the destruction, loss or degradation of wetlands, to preserve and enhance natural and beneficial values when carrying our their responsibilities.

Comments: 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Public Administration; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetlands
Florida Aquatic Preserves, 18-20 Florida Administrative Code. 18-20.001 Intent. (1) All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. (2) Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. (3) The preserves shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance these exceptional areas of sovereignty submerged lands by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserves through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserves so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating, and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the Legislature in creating the preserves; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the act and these rules, and to assist in managing the preserves; (e) To encourage the protection, enhancement or restoration of the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions toward their natural condition, and discourage activities which would degrade the aesthetic, biological, or scientific values, or the quality, or utility of a preserve, when reviewing applications, or when developing and implementing management plans for the preserves; (f) To preserve, promote, and utilize indigenous life forms and habitats, including but not limited to: sponges, soft coral, hard corals, submerged grasses, mangroves, salt water marshes, fresh water marshes, mud flats, estuarine, aquatic, and marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, estuarine, aquatic and marine invertebrates, estuarine, aquatic and marine mammals, birds, shellfish and mollusks; (g) To acquire additional title interests in lands wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves; (h) To maintain those beneficial hydrologic and biologic functions, the benefits of which accrue to the public at large. (4) Nothing in these rules shall serve to eliminate or alter the requirements or authority of other governmental agencies, including counties and municipalities, to protect or enhance the preserves provided that such requirements or authority are not inconsistent with the act and this chapter.

Application to Coral Reefs:By maintaining coastal aquatic preserves in their natural condition, mangrove forests, wetlands and submerged aquatic vegetation will perform the functions of being sediment traps and removing some contaminants such as nutrients. Therefore, they will not reach marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.  All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Waste Management Policies
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Final Rule, Code of Federal Regulations § Parts 922, 929, 937 (1997). NOAA developed the comprehensive Final Management Plan for the FKNMS and issued the Plan on January 30, 1997. Congress and the Governer of Florida were provided a 45-day period to provide certification of unacceptable regulations that needed amendments. NOAA incorporated the certified changes provided and issued the final regulations and management plan for the Sanctuary that went into effect with the publication of the final rule, including waters within the State of Florida in the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the third largest barrier coral reef in the world. Included in the FKNMS are the Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 square nautical miles of coral reefs. The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive. The Act protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, further protecting coral, mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act requires the preparation of a comprehensive management plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:The final rule codifies the Act and further defines boundaries of the Sanctuary as well as providing a list of species protected in the Sanctuary. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Protections; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Large Ships; Live Collection; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
General permit for activities seaward of the coastal construction control line, 62B-34 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2010). To implement the provisions of Section 161.053(19) F. S. providing General Permits for activities performed seaward of the Coastal Construction Control line. Persons wishing to use one or more of the General Permits as set forth in Part II of this rule chapter shall be subject to the notice provisions of subsection 62B-34.030(4) F. A. C. before any activity is conducted as authorized herein.The general conditions provided pursuant to Section 62-B34-0.50, F. A. C. , shall apply to all of the General Permits issued under this rule chapter. Strict compliance with all of the terms, conditions, requirements, limitations, and restrictions applicable to a desired General Permit under this rule chapter is required to qualify for such a permit.

Application to Coral Reefs:The rule requires erosion control BMP. Therefore, sediment from construction will not enter the marine environment and damage coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Civil fines are applicable for work done that was not authorized in the permit.

Comments: 		Florida Departrment of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring
Joint Coastal Permits and Concurrent Processing of Proprietary Authorizations, 62B-049 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. In the event that there is a conflict between the procedural requirements of this chapter and other procedural rules promulgated pursuant to the referenced statutes, then this chapter shall govern. The standards and criteria for issuance of joint coastal permits include the criteria for environmental resource or wetland resource permits pursuant to Chapter 62-312, F.A.C., and the rules adopted under Chapter 62-330, F.A.C., the coastal construction criteria pursuant to Chapter 62B-41, F.A.C., and any specific criteria for issuance of a joint coastal permit listed in this chapter. The criteria for the associated proprietary authorizations are found in Chapters 18-18, 18-20, 18-21, F.A.C. Specific Authority 161.055, 373.427 FS. Law Implemented 161.041, 161.055, 373.427 FS. History�New 10-12-95, Amended 2-19-98, 5-17-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring a permit with regulatory review of the construction project, in a joint review of wetland and submerged land issues, will assist in minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts from the work and such potential detrimental portions of the project (e.g. sedimentation) will not enter the marine environment resulting in ecosystem damage.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the provisions of Section 161.055, F.S., by combining the regulatory requirements of the coastal construction program (Section 161.041, F.S.) with the environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit program (Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.) to establish the joint coastal permit program. Activities that would have required both a coastal construction permit and an environmental resource (or wetland resource) permit, are now authorized by a single joint coastal permit. In addition, this chapter provides for concurrent review of any activity requiring a joint coastal permit that also requires a proprietary authorization for use of sovereign submerged lands owned by the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund. This chapter also establishes procedures for processing applications for joint coastal permits and the linked proprietary authorizations. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 33 United States Code § 1401. To regulate the dumping of all types of materials into ocean waters and to prevent or strictly limit the dumping into ocean waters of any material which would adversely affect human health, welfare, or amenities, or the marine environment, ecological systems, or economic potentialities. To regulate (1) the transportation by any person of material from the United States and, in the case of United States vessels, aircraft, or agencies, the transportation of material from a location outside the United States, when in either case the transportation is for the purpose of dumping the material into ocean waters, and (2) the dumping of material transported by any person from a location outside the United States, if the dumping occurs in the territorial sea or the contiguous zone of the United States.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act has been historically used to regulate dumping of dredged materials and sewage sludge into the marine environment. The law intends to improve the conservation, understanding, management, and wise and sustainable use of marine resources, enhance public awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the marine environment, and to maintain for future generations the habitat, and ecologigal services, of the natural assemblage of living resources that inhabit those areas. Because permits are required, it can be assumed that dumping would not be allowed if the material would be dispersed into a sensitive habitat such as coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:EPA may assess an administrative civil penalty up to $50,000 per person. Higher penalties can be assessed for dumping medical waste (up to $125,000). Each day in violation constitutes a separate offense. Continuing violations can suffer criminal penalties with fines and up to five years imprisionment possible.

Comments:The Act has played a major role in regulating the disposal of dredged material into the ocean environment. However, medical and radioactive wastes, industrial wastes, as well as sewage sludge, are also regulated in the law. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biocriteria; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
National Park Service, Department of Interior,. To conserve the scenery, natural and historic objects, and wildlife of the National Parks; and to provide for the enjoyment of those resources in a sustainable manner. Regulations provide for the proper use, management, government, and protection of persons, property, and natural and cultural resources within areas under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Park Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies
Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 33 United States Code §§ 2701 et seq. Established limitations on liability for damages resulting from oil pollution, established a fund for the payment of compensation for such damages, mandated the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan to provide organizational structure and procedures for responding to spills.

Application to Coral Reefs:In the event of an oil spill that contaminates a coral reef, the Act could be used to determine liability and provide funds for rapid cleanup.

Legislative Actions:Can provide fines for failing to notify the appropriate federal agency of a maximum of $250,000 per day for an individual and a maximum of $500,000 for an organization. Civil penalties are authorized at $25,000 per day of violation or $1,000 per barrel of oil discharged. Prison sentences up to a maximum of fifteen years can be imposed on violators.

Comments:The Act was signed in 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdex incident. The Act improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and and provided the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills. The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was established and provided up to one billion dollars per spill incident. 		US Coast Guard/US Environmental Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters 		Chemical Variables; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Non-point Source Controls; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Toxics; Wetlands
Proclamation No. 7392, The Buck Island Reef National Park, 66 Federal Register 7335-7336 (2001). 18,000 acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:The Proclamation expanded the original momument thus protecting additional coral reefs within the monument boundaries.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Proclamation No. 7399, Establishment of Virgin Islands Coral Reef National monument, 66 Federal Register 7364 (2001). Designated 12,000 marine acres in the US Virgin Islands

Application to Coral Reefs:Monuments include coral reefs thereby providing the coral reefs within the monument bondaries the same protection as the designated monument areas.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:Together, Proclamation 7399 and 7392 designated a total of 30,843 marine acres in the United States Virgin Isalnds as monuments. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Commercial Fishing Boats; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Rules and Procedures for Coastal Construction and Excavation, 62B-033 Florida Administrative Code (2008). (1) The beach and dune system is an integral part of the coastal system and represents one of the most valuable natural resources in Florida, providing protection to adjacent upland properties, recreational areas, and habitat for wildlife. A coastal construction control line (CCCL) is intended to define that portion of the beach and dune system which is subject to severe fluctuations caused by a 100-year storm surge, storm waves, or other forces such as wind, wave, or water level changes. These fluctuations are a necessary part of the natural functioning of the coastal system and are essential to post-storm recovery, long term stability, and the preservation of the beach and dune system. However, imprudent human activities can adversely interfere with these natural processes and alter the integrity and functioning of the beach and dune system. The control line and 50-foot setback call attention to the special hazards and impacts associated with the use of such property, but do not preclude all development or alteration of coastal property seaward of such lines. (2) In order to demonstrate that construction is eligible for a permit, the applicant shall provide the Department with sufficient information pertaining to the proposed project to show that adverse and other impacts associated with the construction have been minimized and that the construction will not result in a significant adverse impact. (3) After reviewing all information required pursuant to this rule chapter, the Department shall: (a) Deny any application for an activity which either individually or cumulatively would result in a significant adverse impact including potential cumulative effects. In assessing the cumulative effects of a proposed activity, the Department shall consider the short-term and long-term impacts and the direct and indirect impacts the activity would cause in combination with existing structures in the area and any other similar activities already permitted or for which a permit application is pending within the same fixed coastal cell. The impact assessment shall include the anticipated effects of the construction on the coastal system and marine turtles. Each application shall be evaluated on its own merits in making a permit decision; therefore, a decision by the Department to grant a permit shall not constitute a commitment to permit additional similar construction within the same fixed coastal cell. (b) Deny any application for an activity where the project has not met the Department�s siting and design criteria; has not minimized adverse and other impacts, including stormwater runoff; or has not provided mitigation of adverse impacts. (4) The Department shall issue a permit for construction which an applicant has shown to be clearly justified by demonstrating that all standards, guidelines, and other requirements set forth in the applicable provisions of Part I, Chapter 161, F.S., and this rule chapter are met, including the following: (a) The construction will not result in removal or destruction of native vegetation which will either destabilize a frontal, primary, or significant dune or cause a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system due to increased erosion by wind or water; (b) The construction will not result in removal or disturbance of in situ sandy soils of the beach and dune system to such a degree that a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system would result from either reducing the existing ability of the system to resist erosion during a storm or lowering existing levels of storm protection to upland properties and structures; (c) The construction will not direct discharges of water or other fluids in a seaward direction and in a manner that would result in significant adverse impacts. Forthe purposes of this rule section, construction shall be designed so as to minimize erosion induced surface water runoff within the beach and dune system and to prevent additional seaward or off-site discharges associated with a coastal storm event. (d) The construction will not result in the net excavation of the in situ sandy soils seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback; (e) The construction will not cause an increase in structure-induced scour of such magnitude during a storm that the structure-induced scour would result in a significant adverse impact; (f) The construction will minimize the potential for wind and waterborne missiles during a storm; (g) The activity will not interfere with public access, as defined in Section 161.021, F.S.; and (h) The construction will not cause a significant adverse impact to marine turtles, or the coastal system. (5) In order for a manmade frontal dune to be considered as a frontal dune defined under Section 161.053(6)(a)1., F.S., the manmade frontal dune shall be constructed to meet or exceed the protective value afforded by the natural frontal dune system in the immediate area of the subject shoreline. Prior to the issuance of a permit for a single-family dwelling meeting the criteria of Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., the manmade frontal dune must be maintained for a minimum of 12 months and be demonstrated to be as stable and sustainable as the natural frontal dune system. (6) Sandy material excavated seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback shall be maintained on site seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback and be placed in the immediate area of construction unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Department. (7) Swimming pools, wading pools, waterfalls, spas, or similar type water structures are expendable structures and shall be sited so that their failure does not have adverse impact on the beach and dune system, any adjoining major structures, or any coastal protection structure. Pools sited within close proximity to a significant dune shall be elevated either partially or totally above the original grade to minimize excavation and shall not cause a net loss of material from the immediate area of the pool. All pools shall be designed to minimize any permanent excavation seaward of the CCCL. (8) Major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the beach and frontal dune to permit natural shoreline fluctuations, to preserve and protect beach and dune system stability, and to allow natural recovery to occur following storm-induced erosion. Where a rigid coastal structure exists, proposed major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the rigid coastal structure to allow for future maintenance or repair of the rigid coastal structure. Although fishing piers shall be exempt from this provision, their foundation piles shall be located so as to allow for the maintenance and repair of any rigid coastal structure that is located in close proximity to the pier.(9) If in the immediate area a number of existing major structures have established a reasonably continuous and uniform construction line and if the existing structures have not been unduly affected by erosion, except where not allowed by the requirements of Section 161.053(6), F.S., and this rule chapter, the Department shall issue a permit for the construction of a similar structure up to that line. (10) In considering applications for single-family dwellings proposed to be located seaward of the 30-year erosion projection pursuant to Section 161.053(6), F.S., the Department shall require structures to meet criteria in Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., and all other siting and design criteria established in this rule chapter. (11) In considering project impacts to native salt-tolerant vegetation, the Department shall evaluate the type and extent of native salt-tolerant vegetation, the degree and extent of disturbance by invasive nuisance species and mechanical and other activities, the protective value to adjacent structures and natural plant communities, the protective value to the beach and dune system, and the impacts to marine turtle nesting and hatchlings. The Department shall restrict activities that lower the protective value of natural and intact beach and dune, coastal strand, and maritime hammock plant communities. Activities that result in the removal of protective root systems or reduce the vegetation�s sand trapping and stabilizing properties of salt tolerant vegetation are considered to lower its protective value. Construction shall be located, where practicable, in previously disturbed areas or areas with non-native vegetation in lieu of areas of native plant communities when the placement does not increase adverse impact to the beach and dune system. Planting of invasive nuisance plants, such as those listed in the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council�s 2005 List of Invasive Species � Categories I and II, will not be authorized if the planting will result in removal or destruction of existing dune-stabilizing native vegetation or if the planting is to occur on or seaward of the dune system. A copy of this list is available on the Internet at www.fleppc.org; or can be obtained by writing to the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Mail Station 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000; or by telephoning (850) 488-7708. Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction and the remediation of construction impacts shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect native salt-tolerant vegetation and native plant communities. A construction fence, a designated location for construction access or storage of equipment and materials, and a restoration plan shall be required if necessary for protection of existing native salt-tolerant vegetation during construction. (12) Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. In marine turtle nesting areas, all forms of lighting shall be shielded or otherwise designed so as not to disturb marine turtles. Tinted glass or similar light control measures shall be used for windows and doors which are visible from the nesting areas of the beach. The Department shall suspend any permitted construction when the permittee has not provided the required protection for marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation of coastal construction through permit review and modification will protect coastal ecosystems from degradation and loss and in doing so protects other marine ecosystems including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Chapter 62B-33 Florida Administrative Code, provides the design and siting requirements that must be met to obtain a coastal construction control line permit.Approval or denial of a permit application is based upon a review of the potential impacts to the beach dune system, adjacentproperties, native salt resistant vegetation, and marine turtles.

Comments:The Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) is an essential element of Florida's coastal management program. It provides protection for Florida's beaches and dunes while assuring reasonable use of private property. Recognizing the value of the state's beaches, the Florida legislature initiated the Coastal Construction Contorl Line Program to protect the coastal system from improperly sited and designed structures which can destabilize or destroy the beach and dune system. Once destabilized, the valuable natural resources are lost, as are its important values for recreation, upland property protection and environmental habitat. Adoption of a coastal construction line establishes an area of jurisdiction in which special siting and design criteria are applied for construction and related activities.These standards may be more stringent than those already applied in the rest of the coastal building zone because of the greater forces expected to occur in the more seaward zone of the beach during a storm event. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Beach & Land Formation; Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Cruise Ships; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level
Significant amendments to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 include (1) Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990, (2) Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000, (3) Coastal Barriers Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005,. (1) Added additional areas along the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys and the Virgin Islands and established "Otherwise Protected Areas OPAs); (2) amended the guidelines for making recommendations regarding additions to the CBRS and reqired a pilot digital mapping project; (3) reauthorized CBRA and required the submission of the final digital mapping pilot project.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restricted most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals   		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Forestry; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection
Significant amendments to the National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972. Amendments of 1980 were PL 96-332, 1984 were PL98-498, 1988 were Title II of PL 100-627, 1992 were PL 102-587, 1996 were PL 104-283 and for 2000 were PL106-513,. Title III of the Marine Protection, Reseach and Sanctuaries Act was amended to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The amendments of 1980 mandated the terms of designation to include the geographic area included within the sanctuary and the characteristics of the area that give it conservation, recreational, ecological, or esthetic value, and the types of activities that would be subject to regulation to protect those characteristics. The 1984 amendments required a Resource Assessment Report documenting present and potential use of the area. 1998 amendments established a special use permit for commercial operations, added a section that a vessel or person causing damage to the resources of a sanctuary would be liable for both response and cleanup costs as well as damages for any sanctuary resource destroyed. Amendments of 1992 provided that Title III may be cited as 'The National Marine Sanctuaries Act." Also, federal agencies had to be consistent with the National Environmental Policy Act in commenting on proposed designations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Strenghtened the protectinon of marine sanctuaries and their resources. Some specific purposes of the Act that add to coral reef protection include; to identify and designate national marine sanctuaries of the marine environment, to maintain the natural b

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Construction Codes & Projects; Coral; Cruise Ships; Deforestation & Devegetation; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Surface water quality standards in table format, 62.302.500 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). This section of Chapter 62-302 presents the water quality standards in a tabular format for each class of waters of the State.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
The DPNR states that wetlands in the Virgin Islands are covered by the Clean water Act and the Endangered and Indigenous Species Act of 1990 (Title 12, Chapter 2, US Virgin Island Code,. To protect wetlands and wetland species from degradation, loss as a result of dredging and filling.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of wetlands assists in controlling sedimentation and nutrient runoff from terrstrial locations, thus protecting coral reefs that are influenced by terrestrial sources.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:The wetlands portion of the USVI Division of Environmental Protection website was under construction at the time of this atlas preparation.  However, it appears that DEP works with the USACE and USEPA on matters related to wetlands. 		US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US Virgin Islands 		Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Wetlands
The Sustainable Fisheries Act, 23 §§ 104-297 (1996). To amend the Magnuson Fisheries Conservation and Management Act to authorize appropriations, to provide for sustainable fisheries, and for other purposes.

Application to Coral Reefs:The law recogonizes that direct and indirect habitat losses have resulted in a diminshed capacity to support existing fish levels. Habitat considerations should receive increased attention for conservation and management of fishery resources in the United States. Therefore, the Act encourages, though not indirectly, the protection of coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Marine Fisheries Service

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters 		Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Commercial Fisheries; Economic Markets & Policies; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-345 (2005). Establishes a methodology that provides a standard procedure for assessing the functions provided by wetlands and other surface waters, the amount that those functions are reduced by a proposed impact, and the amount of mitigation necessary to offset that loss.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting wetlands provides wetland areas that can act as buffers against nutrients, pollutants and contaminants from reaching habitats including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is administrative and provides methods to assess wetland value and appropriate mitigation to offset impact.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands
Wetland applications, 62-611 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To provide qualitative and quantitative design criteria discharge limits, permitting requirements, and monitoring requirements for wetlands, man-made and natural, receiving domestic wastewater.

Application to Coral Reefs:Because wetlands act as buffers and remove nutrients from contaminated water, in many case the nutrients will not reach the estuarine and marine environments and potentially have an adverse effect on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative in nature and specific pollutant limits and monitoring requirements are specified in individual permits

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge

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