ReefLink Database

Landuse Management
Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Examples city planning, landuse zoning, building permitting, as well as efforts to restore natural landscapes, such as hydroseeding or beach renourishment.
CMap
CMap Description
A change in the provision of ecosystem services, or a desire to improve provision of ecosystem services, may elicit responses to reduce or manage changes to the landscape that can create pressures on the reef. Coastal development contributes to landscape changes, including impervious surfaces, devegetation, shoreline armoring, dredging, or filling for construction of roads and buildings, which can alter rates of pollutant runoff, directly impact coastal vegetation, and alter patterns of water flow. City planning, permitting, & zoning can be used to control the distribution and intensity of development, or encourage the establishment of green spaces. Landscape restoration, such as hydroseeding, may be used to reduce runoff along roads or other disturbed areas. Many of the same socio-economic sectors that drive coastal development and landscape changes, also benefit from reef ecosystem services, including aesthetic value, seafood, and shoreline protection.Citations
Citation | Year | Study Location | Study Type | Database Topics |
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Principe, P., P. Bradley, S. Yee, W. Fisher, E. Johnson, P. Allen, and D. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying Coral Reef Ecosystem Services. EPA/600/R-11/206, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. | 2012 | Global | Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beach & Land Formation; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Complex Habitat & Resources; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
2011. Coastal Capital Literature Review: Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources in Jamaica. World Resource Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). | 2011 | Jamaica | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation |
2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Contribution of Jamaica�s Coral Reefs. World Resource Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). | 2011 | Global; Jamaica | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation |
2011. Nonpoint Source Management Program 2010 Annual Report. Document # DEPLW-1205, Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, (Maine, USA). | 2011 | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Chemical Use Regulations; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Housing; Impervious Surfaces; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Aburto-Oropeza, O; Erisman, B; Galland, GR; Mascarenas-Osorio, I; Sala, E; Ezcurra, E. 2011. Large Recovery of Fish Biomass in a No-Take Marine Reserve. PLoS One 6. | 2011 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas |
Alvarez-Filip, L; Dulvy, NK; Cote, IM; Watkinson, AR; Gill, JA. 2011. Coral identity underpins architectural complexity on Caribbean reefs. Ecological Applications 21:2223-2231. | 2011 | South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Stony Coral | |
Bohensky, E; Butler, JRA; Costanza, R; Bohnet, I; Delisle, A; Fabricius, K; Gooch, M; Kubiszewski, I; Lukacs, G; Pert, P; Wolanski, E. 2011. Future makers or future takers? A scenario analysis of climate change and the Great Barrier Reef. Global Environmental Change-human And Policy Dimensions 21:876-893. | 2011 | Global; Australia | Climate; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Burt, J; Bartholomew, A; Sale, PF. 2011. Benthic development on large-scale engineered reefs: A comparison of communities among breakwaters of different age and natural reefs. Ecological Engineering 37:191-198. | 2011 | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Turf Algae | ||
Collado-Vides, L; Mazzei, V; Thyberg, T; Lirman, D. 2011. Spatio-temporal patterns and nutrient status of macroalgae in a heavily managed region of Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA. Botanica Marina 54:377-390. | 2011 | Florida | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Dick, DM; Hines, EM. 2011. Using distance sampling techniques to estimate bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) abundance at Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Marine Mammal Science 27:606-621. | 2011 | South & Central America; Belize | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Ports & Harbors; Whales & Dolphins | |
Hamasaki, K; Sugizaki, M; Sugimoto, A; Murakami, Y; Kitada, S. 2011. Emigration behaviour during sea-to-land transition of the coconut crab Birgus latro: Effects of gastropod shells, substrata, shelters and humidity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 403:81-89. | 2011 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Substrate | |
Hughes, L. 2011. Climate change and Australia: key vulnerable regions. Regional Environmental Change 11:S189-S195. | 2011 | Australia | Review | Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration |
Kreyling, J; Bittner, T; Jaeschke, A; Jentsch, A; Steinbauer, MJ; Thiel, D; Beierkuhnlein, C. 2011. Assisted Colonization: A Question of Focal Units and Recipient Localities. Restoration Ecology 19:433-440. | 2011 | Complex Habitat & Resources; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | ||
McCloskey, J. T., R. J. Lilieholm, and C. Cronan. 2011. Using Bayesian belief networks to identify potential compatibilities and conflicts between development and landscape conservation. Landscape and Urban Planning 101:190-203. | 2011 | Model; GIS & Maps | Economic Markets & Policies; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Perez, P; Eustache, J; Fulton, EA; Cleland, D. 2011. Coupling Biophysical and Socioeconomic Models for Coral Reef Systems in Quintana Roo, Mexican Caribbean. Ecology and Society 16. | 2011 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Tourism & Recreation |
Muko, S; Iwasa, Y. 2011. Optimal choice of species and size class for transplanting coral community. Journal of Theoretical Biology 273:130-137. | 2011 | Index or Indicator | Mitigation | |
Mumby, PJ; Vitolo, R; Stephenson, DB. 2011. Temporal clustering of tropical cyclones and its ecosystem impacts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108:17626-17630. | 2011 | South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Haiti; Jamaica; Belize; Honduras; Costa Rica; Caribbean | Model | Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Storms & Hurricanes |
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. | 2011 | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Bivalves; Discharges; Fish; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pipelines; Salinity; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation Policies; Waste Management; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands | |
Nava, H; Ramirez-Herrera, MT. 2011. Government conservation policies on Mexican coastal areas: is "top-down" management working? Revista de Biologia Tropical 59:1487-1501. | 2011 | Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean | Index or Indicator | Algae; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Sediment; Skeletal Coral |
Navalgund, RR; Singh, RP. 2011. Climate Change Studies Using Space Based Observation. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 39:281-295. | 2011 | Global; India | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps | Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Irrigation; Light; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands |
Nowak, K; Lee, PC. 2011. Demographic Structure of Zanzibar Red Colobus Populations in Unprotected Coral Rag and Mangrove Forests. Pages 24-45 in 22nd Congress of the International-Primatological-Society. NEW YORK. | 2011 | Global | Index or Indicator | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves |
Pittman, S. J. and K. A. Brown. 2011. Multi-Scale Approach for Predicting Fish Species Distributions across Coral Reef Seascapes. PLoS One 3:1-12. | 2011 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Pittman, SJ; Brown, KA. 2011. Multi-Scale Approach for Predicting Fish Species Distributions across Coral Reef Seascapes. PLoS One 6. | 2011 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Ramirez-Llodra, E; Tyler, PA; Baker, MC; Bergstad, OA; Clark, MR; Escobar, E; Levin, LA; Menot, L; Rowden, AA; Smith, CR; Van Dover, CL. 2011. Man and the Last Great Wilderness: Human Impact on the Deep Sea. PLoS One 6. | 2011 | Global; South & Central America; Mexico | Review | Climate; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Sediment |
Rosendo, S; Brown, K; Joubert, A; Jiddawi, N; Mechisso, M. 2011. A clash of values and approaches: A case study of marine protected area planning in Mozambique. Ocean and Coastal Management 54:55-65. | 2011 | Global; Mozambique | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation |
Ryu, J., T. M. Leschine, J. Namb, W. K. Chang, and K. Dyson. 2011. A resilience-based approach for comparing expert preferences across two large-scale coastal management programs. Journal of Environmental Management 92:92-101. | 2011 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | ||
Samy, M; Lizaso, JLS; Forcada, A. 2011. Status of marine protected areas in Egypt. Pages 165-177 in Conference on SIEBM 2010. BARCELONA. | 2011 | Egypt | Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Sanvicente-Anorve, L; Hermoso-Salazar, M. 2011. RELATIVE GROWTH OF THE LAND HERMIT CRAB, COENOBITA CLYPEATUS (ANOMURA, COENOBITIDAE) FROM A CORAL REEF ISLAND, SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO. Crustaceana 84:689-699. | 2011 | South & Central America; Mexico | Model; Index or Indicator | Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp |
Scholte, P; Al-Okaishi, A; Suleyman, AS. 2011. When conservation precedes development: a case study of the opening up of the Socotra archipelago, Yemen. ORYX 45:401-410. | 2011 | Indian Ocean; India | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Special Use Permitting |
Waite, R., E. Cooper, N. Zenny, and L. Burke. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - The Economic Value of Jamaica�s Coral Reef-Related Fisheries. Working Paper, World Resources Institute and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D. C. (USA). | 2011 | Global; Jamaica | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wholesale & Retail Trade |
Wattage, P; Glenn, H; Mardle, S; Van Rensburg, T; Grehan, A; Foley, N. 2011. Economic value of conserving deep-sea corals in Irish waters: A choice experiment study on marine protected areas. Fisheries Research 107:59-67. | 2011 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Youssef, DH; El-Said, GF. 2011. Assessment of some heavy metals in surface sediments of the Aqaba Gulf, Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 180:229-242. | 2011 | Egypt; China | Index or Indicator | Sediment; Toxics |
Assogbadjo, A. E., R. Glelekakai, T. Kyndt, and B. Sinsin. 2010. Conservation Genetics of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in the Parklands Agroforestry Systems of Benin (West Africa). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca 38:136-140. | 2010 | Global; Sudan | Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Aswani, S. and A. Sabetian. 2010. Implications of Urbanization for Artisanal Parrotfish Fisheries in the Western Solomon Islands. Conservation Biology 24:520-530. | 2010 | Solomon Islands | Corallivorous Fish; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas | |
Bartley, R., J. P. Corfield, B. N. Abbott, A. A. Hawdon, S. N. Wilkinson, and B. Nelson. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields, Part 1: Hills lope processes. Journal of Hydrology 389:237-248. | 2010 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Littering; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Bartley, R., S. N. Wilkinson, A. A. Hawdon, B. N. Abbott, and D. A. Post. 2010. Impacts of improved grazing land management on sediment yields. Part 2: Catchment response. Journal of Hydrology 389:249-259. | 2010 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Bohnet, I. C. 2010. Integrating social and ecological knowledge for planning sustainable land- and sea-scapes: experiences from the Great Barrier Reef region, Australia. Landscape Ecology 25:1201-1218. | 2010 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Collaboration & Partnering; Valuation |
Boisnier, E., T. Sagawa, T. Komatsu, and N. Takagi. 2010. Distinguishing resident from transient species along marine artificial reefs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:1297-1303. | 2010 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Artificial Habitat; Fish | |
Chou, L. M., D. W. Huang, K. P. P. Tun, J. T. B. Kwik, Y. C. Tay, and A. L. Seow. 2010. Temporal Changes in Reef Community Structure at Bintan Island (Indonesia) Suggest Need for Integrated Management. Pacific Science 64:99-111. | 2010 | Southeast Asia; Indonesia | Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation | |
Clarke, P. and S. D. Jupiter. 2010. Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji). Environmental Conservation 37:98-106. | 2010 | Fiji | Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting | |
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. 2010. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: 2009 System Status Report. | 2010 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands |
Conway, F., J. Stevenson, D. Hunter, M. Stefanovich, H. Campbell, Z. Covell, and Y. Yin. 2010. Ocean Space, Ocean Place The Human Dimensions of Wave Energy in Oregon. Oceanography 23:82-91. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean | Environmental Education & Outreach; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Utility Policies | |
Croquer, A., D. Debrot, E. Klein, M. Kurten, S. Rodriguez, and C. Bastidas. 2010. What can two years of monitoring tell us about Venezuelan coral reefs? The Southern Tropical America node of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (STA-GCRMN). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:51-65. | 2010 | Global; South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Stony Coral |
Curtin, R. and R. Prellezo. 2010. Understanding marine ecosystem based management: a literature review. Marine Policy (inpress). | 2010 | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management | |
de Mitcheson, Y. S., M. Liu, and S. Suharti. 2010. Gonadal development in a giant threatened reef fish, the humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus, and its relationship to international trade. Journal of Fish Biology 77:706-718. | 2010 | Global; Indonesia | Fishing Sector; Planktivorous Fish; Wholesale & Retail Trade | |
Edgar, G. J., P. R. Last, N. S. Barrett, K. Gowlett-Holmes, M. Driessen, and P. Mooney. 2010. Conservation of natural wilderness values in the Port Davey marine and estuarine protected area, south-western Tasmania. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:297-311. | 2010 | Global; Australia | Boating Activities; Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Edwards, H. J., I. A. Elliott, R. L. Pressey, and P. J. Mumby. 2010. Incorporating ontogenetic dispersal, ecological processes and conservation zoning into reserve design. Biological Conservation 143:457-470. | 2010 | South & Central America; Belize | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Fish; Landuse Management; Mangroves |
Feely, R. A., S. R. Alin, J. Newton, C. L. Sabine, M. Warner, A. Devol, C. Krembs, and C. Maloy. 2010. The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 88:442-449. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Fernandes, L., K. Dobbs, J. Day, and S. Slegers. 2010. Identifying biologically and physically special or unique sites for inclusion in the protected area design for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:80-88. | 2010 | Australia | Review | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Ferse, S. C. A., M. M. Costa, K. S. Manez, D. S. Adhuri, and M. Glaser. 2010. Allies, not aliens: increasing the role of local communities in marine protected area implementation. Environmental Conservation 37:23-34. | 2010 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | |
Fonseca, A. C., H. M. Guzman, J. Cortes, and C. Soto. 2010. Marine habitats map of "Isla del Cano", Costa Rica, comparing Quickbird and Hymap images classification results. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:373-381. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Costa Rica | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Ford, J. R., R. J. Williams, A. M. Fowler, D. R. Cox, and I. M. Suthers. 2010. Identifying critical estuarine seagrass habitat for settlement of coastally spawned fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 408:181-193. | 2010 | Australia | Model | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Seagrasses |
Foster, M. S. and D. R. Schiel. 2010. Loss of predators and the collapse of southern California kelp forests (?): Alternatives, explanations and generalizations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 393:59-70. | 2010 | Review | Coastal Development; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies | |
Frank, W. J. 2010. The Role of the Minerals Management Service in Offshore Renewable Energy Development. Oceanography 23:60-67. | 2010 | Food & Energy Policies; Utility Policies | ||
Gaines, S. D., S. E. Lester, K. Grorud-Colvert, C. Costello, and R. Pollnac. 2010. Evolving science of marine reserves: New developments and emerging research frontiers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:18251-18255. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring | Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | |
Garcon, J. S., A. Grech, J. Moloney, and M. Hamann. 2010. Relative Exposure Index: an important factor in sea turtle nesting distribution. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:140-149. | 2010 | Australia | Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps | Climate; Coastal Development; Sea Turtles |
Gray, D. L., R. Canessa, R. Rollins, C. P. Keller, and P. Dearden. 2010. Incorporating Recreational Users into Marine Protected Area Planning: A Study of Recreational Boating in British Columbia, Canada. Environmental Management 46:167-180. | 2010 | Columbia | Model | Aquaculture; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Whales & Dolphins |
Hamel, M. A. and S. Andrefouet. 2010. Using very high resolution remote sensing for the management of coral reef fisheries: Review and perspectives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1397-1405. | 2010 | Review; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector | |
Hansen, L., J. Hoffman, C. Drews, and E. Mielbrecht. 2010. Designing Climate-Smart Conservation: Guidance and Case Studies. Conservation Biology 24:63-69. | 2010 | South & Central America; Florida; Tanzania; Madagascar; India; Fiji; Caribbean | Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Sea Turtles | |
Harper, S. J. M., C. R. Bates, H. M. Guzman, and J. M. Mair. 2010. Acoustic mapping of fish aggregation areas to improve fisheries management in Las Perlas Archipelago, Pacific Panama. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:615-623. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management |
Harrison, P. A. 2010. Ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation: an introduction to the RUBICODE project. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2767-2772. | 2010 | Climate; Invasive Species; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Hickey, T. D., A. C. Hine, E. A. Shinn, S. E. Kruse, and R. Z. Poore. 2010. Pleistocene Carbonate Stratigraphy of South Florida: Evidence for High-Frequency Sea-Level Cyclicity. Journal of Coastal Research 26:605-614. | 2010 | Florida | ||
Honorio, P. P. F., R. T. C. Ramos, and B. M. Feitoza. 2010. Composition and structure of reef fish communities in Paraiba State, north-eastern Brazil. Journal of Fish Biology 77:907-926. | 2010 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Index or Indicator | Artificial Habitat; Fish |
Houk, P. and R. Camacho. 2010. Dynamics of seagrass and macroalgal assemblages in Saipan Lagoon, Western Pacific Ocean: disturbances, pollution, and seasonal cycles. Botanica Marina 53:205-212. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Algae; Nutrients; Seagrasses |
Iacona, G. D., L. K. Kirkman, and E. M. Bruna. 2010. Effects of resource availability on seedling recruitment in a fire-maintained savanna. Oecologia 163:171-180. | 2010 | Index or Indicator | Water | |
Jenkins, A. P., S. D. Jupiter, I. Qauqau, and J. Atherton. 2010. The importance of ecosystem-based management for conserving aquatic migratory pathways on tropical high islands: a case study from Fiji. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:224-238. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji; Papua New Guinea | GIS & Maps | Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Jollit, I., M. Leopold, N. Guillemot, G. David, P. Chabanet, J. M. Lebigre, and J. Ferraris. 2010. Geographical aspects of informal reef fishery systems in New Caledonia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:585-597. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia | GIS & Maps | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation |
Jones, K. B., E. T. Slonecker, M. S. Nash, A. C. Neale, T. G. Wade, and S. Hamann. 2010. Riparian habitat changes across the continental United States (1972-2003) and potential implications for sustaining ecosystem services. Landscape Ecology 1-15. | 2010 | Model; Remote Sensing | Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Wetlands | |
Jordan, L. K. B., K. W. Banks, L. E. Fisher, B. K. Walker, and D. S. Gilliam. 2010. Elevated sedimentation on coral reefs adjacent to a beach nourishment project. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:261-271. | 2010 | Florida | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Kininmonth, S., M. Drechsler, K. Johst, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Metapopulation mean life time within complex networks. Marine Ecology Progress Series 417:139-149. | 2010 | Australia | Model | Landscape Conservation & Restoration |
Knee, K. L., J. H. Street, E. E. Grossman, A. B. Boehm, and A. Paytan. 2010. Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean from submarine groundwater discharge in a groundwater-dominated system: Relation to land use (Kona coast, Hawaii, USA). Limnology and Oceanography 55:1105-1122. | 2010 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Agriculture; Discharges; Golf Course Operations; Nutrients; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Lirman, D., A. Bowden-Kerby, S. Schopmeyer, B. Huntington, T. Thyberg, M. Gough, T. Gough, R. Gough, and Y. Gough. 2010. A window to the past: documenting the status of one of the last remaining 'megapopulations' of the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis in the Dominican Republic. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20:773-781. | 2010 | South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Caribbean | Algae; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Worms; Pathogens; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral | |
Lynam, T., J. Drewry, W. Higham, and C. Mitchell. 2010. Adaptive modelling for adaptive water quality management in the Great Barrier Reef region, Australia. Environmental Modelling & Software 25:1291-1301. | 2010 | Australia | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Resource Use Management; Sediment |
Malcolm, H. A. and S. D. A. Smith. 2010. Objective selection of surrogate families to describe reef fish assemblages in a subtropical marine park. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:3611-3618. | 2010 | Australia | Fish; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Maldonado, A. L. and P. J. Noble. 2010. Radiolarians from the upper Guadalupian (Middle Permian) Reef Trail Member of the Bell Canyon Formation, West Texas and their biostratigraphic implications. Micropaleontology 56:69-115. | 2010 | China | ||
Manez, K. S. and S. C. A. Ferse. 2010. The History of Makassan Trepang Fishing and Trade. PLoS One 5:e11346. | 2010 | Southeast Asia; Indonesia | Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector | |
March, D., M. Palmer, J. Alos, A. Grau, and F. Cardona. 2010. Short-term residence, home range size and diel patterns of the painted comber Serranus scriba in a temperate marine reserve. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:195-206. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring | Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses | |
McCook, L. J., T. Ayling, M. Cappo, J. H. Choat, R. D. Evans., D. M. De Freitas, M. Heupel, T. P. Hughes, G. P. Jones, B. Mapstone, H. Marsh, M. Mills, F. J. Molloy, C. R. Pitcher, R. L. Pressey, G. R. Russ, S. Sutton, H. Sweatman, R. Tobin, D. R. Wachenfeld, and D. H. Williamson. 2010. Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef: a globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of marine reserves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [earlyedition]. | 2010 | Global; Australia | Review | Apex Fish Predators; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies |
Mendoza-Carranza, M., D. J. Hoeinghaus, A. M. Garcia, and A. Romero-Rodriguez. 2010. Aquatic food webs in mangrove and seagrass habitats of Centla Wetland, a Biosphere Reserve in Southeastern Mexico. Neotropical Ichthyology 8:171-178. | 2010 | South & Central America; Mexico | Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Wetlands | |
Metcalf, S. J. 2010. Qualitative Models to Complement Quantitative Ecosystem Models for the Analysis of Data-Limited Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries. Reviews in Fisheries Science 18:248-265. | 2010 | Australia | Model | Algae; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp |
Murchie, K. J., E. Schwager, S. J. Cooke, A. J. Danylchuk, S. E. Danylchuk, T. L. Goldberg, C. D. Suski, and D. P. Philipp. 2010. Spatial ecology of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in tidal creeks and coastal waters of Eleuthera, The Bahamas. Environmental Biology of Fishes 89:95-104. | 2010 | Bahamas | Field Study & Monitoring | Apex Fish Predators; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas |
Olsen, Y. S., S. E. Fox, E. L. Kinney, M. Teichberg, and I. Valiela. 2010. Differences in urbanization and degree of marine influence are reflected in delta C-13 and delta N-15 of producers and consumers in seagrass habitats of Puerto Rico. Marine Environmental Research 69:198-206. | 2010 | Puerto Rico | Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge | |
Orbach, M. and L. B. Karrer. 2010. Marine managed areas: what, why, and where. Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA. | 2010 | Global | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Osmond, D. L. 2010. USDA water quality projects and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Project watershed studies. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 35:142A-146A. | 2010 | India | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges |
Pearlstine, L. G., E. V. Pearlstine, and N. G. Aumen. 2010. A review of the ecological consequences and management implications of climate change for the Everglades. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29:1510-1526. | 2010 | Florida | Review | Climate; CO2; Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands |
Pittman, S. J., C. F. G. Jeffrey, R. Clark, K. Woody, B. D. Herlach, C. Caldow, M. E. Monaco, and R. Appledoorn. 2010. Coral reef ecosystems of Reserva Natural de La Parguera (Puerto Rico): spatial and temporal patterns in fish and benthic communities (2001-2007). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. | 2010 | South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation |
Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105. | 2010 | Germany; United Kingdom | Construction Codes & Projects; Food & Energy Policies | |
Ramirez-Llodra, E., A. Brandt, R. Danovaro, B. De Mol, E. Escobar, C. R. German, L. A. Levin, P. M. Arbizu, L. Menot, P. Buhl-Mortensen, B. E. Narayanaswamy, C. R. Smith, D. P. Tittensor, P. A. Tyler, A. Vanreusel, and M. Vecchione. 2010. Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem. Biogeosciences 7:2851-2899. | 2010 | Global | Review | Finfish Harvest; Microorganisms; Primary Production |
Renshaw, G. M. C., G. Wise, and P. R. Dodd. 2010. Ecophysiology of neuronal metabolism in transiently oxygen-depleted environments: Evidence that GABA is accumulated pre-synaptically in the cerebellum. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 155:486-492. | 2010 | Apex Fish Predators; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | ||
Reza, M. I. H. and S. A. Abdullah. 2010. Regional Index of ecological integrity: a need for sustainable management of natural resources. Ecological Indicators 11:220-229. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Rodriguez-Martinez, R. E., F. Ruiz-Renteria, B. van Tussenbroek, G. Barba-Santos, E. Escalante-Mancera, G. Jordan-Garza, and E. Jordan-Dahlgren. 2010. Environmental state and tendencies of the Puerto Morelos CARICOMP site, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:23-43. | 2010 | South & Central America; Oman; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae |
Rodriguez-Ramirez, A., J. Garzon-Ferreira, A. Batista-Morales, D. L. Gil, D. I. Gomez-Lopez, K. Gomez-Campo, T. Lopez-Londono, R. Navas-Camacho, M. C. Reyes-Nivia, and J. Vega-Sequeda. 2010. Temporal patterns in coral reef, seagrass and mangrove communities from Chengue bay CARICOMP site (Colombia) 1993-2008. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:45-62. | 2010 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Mangroves; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes |
Rush, J. and C. Kerans. 2010. Stratigraphic Response Across A Structurally Dynamic Shelf: The Latest Guadalupian Composite Sequence At Walnut Canyon, New Mexico, Usa. Journal of Sedimentary Research 80:808-828. | 2010 | South & Central America; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Sediment |
Samways, M. J., C. S. Bazelet, and J. S. Pryke. 2010. Provision of ecosystem services by large scale corridors and ecological networks. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2949-2962. | 2010 | South Africa | Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mitigation; Scientific Research | |
Sanchirico, J. N., J. Eagle, S. Palumbi, and B. H. Thompson. 2010. Comprehensive Planning, Dominant-Use Zones, And User Rights: A New Era In Ocean Governance. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:273-285. | 2010 | Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management | ||
Sarkis, S., P. J. H. VanBeukering, and E. McKenzie, editors. 2010. TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF BERMUDA�S CORAL REEFS: Valuation of Ecosystem Services. Department of Conservation Services, Bermuda. | 2010 | Bermuda | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Economic Markets & Policies; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
Schottker, B., S. Phinn, and M. Schmidt. 2010. How does the global Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) product relate to regionally developed land cover and vegetation products in a semi-arid Australian savanna? Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 4:43538. | 2010 | Global; Australia | Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing | Landuse Management; Light; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Serrano, X., M. Grosell, and J. E. Serafy. 2010. Salinity selection and preference of the grey snapper Lutjanus griseus: field and laboratory observations. Journal of Fish Biology 76:1592-1608. | 2010 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Salinity; Special Use Permitting |
TEEB. 2010. Measuring biophysical quantities and the use of indicators. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. | 2010 | Index or Indicator | Agriculture; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Forestry | |
TEEB. 2010. Socio-cultural context of ecosystem and biodiversity valuation. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. | 2010 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Valuation | |
Todd, P. A., X. Y. Ong, and L. M. Chou. 2010. Impacts of pollution on marine life in Southeast Asia. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:1063-1082. | 2010 | Global; Southeast Asia; Philippines | Review | Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Waterborne Discharges |
van Beukering, P. J. H., S. Sarkis, E. McKenzie, S. Hess, L. Brander, M. Roelfsema, L. Looijenstijn-van der Putten, and T. Bervoets. 2010. Total Economic Value of Bermuda�s Coral Reefs Valuation of Ecosystem Services. | 2010 | Global; South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Economic Markets & Policies; Fish; Monetary Valuation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
van Beukering, P. J. H., S. Sarkis, E. McKenzie, S. Hess, L. Brander, M. Roelfsema, L. Looijenstijn-van der Putten, and T. Bervoets. 2010. Total economic value of bermuda�s coral reefs: valuation of ecosystem services. Van Beukering Consulting, Amsterdam, NL. | 2010 | Bermuda | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
Vandewalle, M., F. de Bello, M. P. Berg, T. Bolger, S. Doledec, F. Dubs, C. K. Feld, R. Harrington, P. A. Harrison, S. Lavorel, P. M. da Silva, M. Moretti, J. Niemela, P. Santos, T. Sattler, J. P. Sousa, M. T. Sykes, A. J. Vanbergen, and B. A. Woodcock. 2010. Functional traits as indicators of biodiversity response to land use changes across ecosystems and organisms. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2921-2947. | 2010 | Global | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Invertebrates; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Vietti, R. C., G. Albertelli, S. Aliani, S. Bava, G. Bavestrello, L. B. Cecchi, C. N. Bianchi, E. Bozzo, M. Capello, M. Castellano, C. Cerrano, M. Chiantore, N. Corradi, S. Cocito, L. Cutroneo, G. Diviacco, M. Fabiano, M. Faimali, M. Ferrari, G. P. Gasparini, and Locr. 2010. The Ligurian Sea: present status, problems and perspectives. Chemistry and Ecology 26:319-340. | 2010 | Review | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Plankton; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins | |
Voinov, A. and F. Bousquet. 2010. Modelling with stakeholders. Environmental Modelling & Software 25:1268-1281. | 2010 | Oman | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Collaboration & Partnering; Special Use Permitting |
Walker, B., L. Pearson, M. Harris, K.-G. Maler, C.-Z. Li, R. Biggs, and T. Bayes. 2010. Incorporating resilience in the assessment of inclusive wealth: an example from South East Australia. Environmental Resources and Economics 45:183-202. | 2010 | Australia | Agriculture | |
Water Stewardship Inc. 2010. Beta Test Report: Process Development & Description of Findings. | 2010 | Agriculture; Nutrients | ||
Wen, C. K. C., M. S. Pratchett, K. T. Shao, K. P. Kan, and B. K. K. Chan. 2010. Effects of habitat modification on coastal fish assemblages. Journal of Fish Biology 77:1674-1687. | 2010 | Taiwan | Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Shoreline Protection; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Wielgus, J., E. Cooper, R. Torres, and L. Burke. 2010. Coastal capital: Dominican Republic. Case studies on the economic value of coastal ecosystems in the Dominican Republic. Washington, DC, World Resources Institute. | 2010 | Global; Dominican Republic | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies | |
Williams, N. B., B. Dixon, and A. Johnson. 2010. Linking Watersheds' Hydrologic Response to Sediment Deliver: A Conceptual Framework. Pages 1-8 in AWRA 2010 Summer Specialty Conference. | 2010 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Winfree, R. 2010. The conservation and restoration of wild bees. Pages 169-197 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2010. | 2010 | Global | Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Anderson, T. J., C. Syms, D. A. Roberts, and D. F. Howard. 2009. Multi-scale fish-habitat associations and the use of habitat surrogates to predict the organisation and abundance of deep-water fish assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 379:34-42. | 2009 | GIS & Maps | Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment | |
Armada, N., A. T. White, and P. Christie. 2009. Managing Fisheries Resources in Danajon Bank, Bohol, Philippines: An Ecosystem-Based Approach. Coastal Management 37:308-330. | 2009 | Philippines | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management |
Armour, J. D., L. R. Hateley, and G. L. Pitt. 2009. Catchment modelling of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loads with SedNet/ANNEX in the Tully-Murray basin. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1091-1096. | 2009 | Australia | Model | Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sediment |
Bainbridge, Z. T., J. E. Brodie, J. W. Faithful, D. A. Sydes, and S. E. Lewis. 2009. Identifying the land-based sources of suspended sediments, nutrients and pesticides discharged to the Great Barrier Reef from the Tully-Murray Basin, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1081-1090. | 2009 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands |
Ban, N. C., G. J. A. Hansen, M. Jones, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2009. Systematic marine conservation planning in data-poor regions: Socioeconomic data is essential. Marine Policy 33:794-800. | 2009 | Philippines | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Barletta, M. and M. F. Costa. 2009. Living and Non-living Resources Exploitation in a Tropical Semi-arid Estuary. Journal of Coastal Research 371-375. | 2009 | Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Salinity; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Biggs, R., S. R. Carpenter, and W. A. Brock. 2009. Turning back from the brink: detecting an impending regime shift in time to avert it. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:826-831. | 2009 | Model; Index or Indicator | Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Bohlen, P. J., S. Lynch, L. Shabman, M. Clark, S. Shukla, and H. Swain. 2009. Paying for environmental services from agricultural lands: an example from the northern Everglades. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:46-55. | 2009 | Florida | Agriculture; Nutrients | |
Brand, F. 2009. Critical natural capital revisited: Ecological resilience and sustainable development. Ecological Economics 68:605-612. | 2009 | Valuation | ||
Brewer, T. D., J. E. Cinner, A. Green, and J. M. Pandolfi. 2009. Thresholds and multiple scale interaction of environment, resource use, and market proximity on reef fishery resources in the Solomon Islands. Biological Conservation 142:1797-1807. | 2009 | Solomon Islands | Index or Indicator | Climate; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral |
Carilli, J. E., N. G. Prouty, K. A. Hughen, and R. D. Norris. 2009. Century-scale records of land-based activities recorded in Mesoamerican coral cores. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1835-1842. | 2009 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico | Agriculture; Climate; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Chartrand, K. M. and M. J. Durako. 2009. Distribution and photobiology of siderastrea radians and thalassia testudinum in florida bay, florida, USA. Bulletin of Marine Science 84:153-166. | 2009 | South & Central America; Florida; Mexico | Index or Indicator | Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral |
Christie, P., R. B. Pollnac, D. L. Fluharty, M. A. Hixon, G. K. Lowry, R. Mahon, D. Pietri, B. N. Tissot, A. T. White, N. Armada, and R. L. Eisma-Osorio. 2009. Tropical Marine EBM Feasibility: A Synthesis of Case Studies and Comparative Analyses. Coastal Management 37:374-385. | 2009 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | |
Claro, R., Y. S. D. Mitcheson, K. C. Lindeman, and A. R. Garcia-Cagide. 2009. Historical analysis of Cuban commercial fishing effort and the effects of management interventions on important reef fishes from 1960-2005. Fisheries Research 99:16-Jul. | 2009 | Cuba | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish | |
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Climate change and tropical marine agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany 60:2839-2844. | 2009 | Global | Review | Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae |
Crain, C. M., B. S. Halpern, M. W. Beck, and C. V. Kappel. 2009. Understanding and Managing Human Threats to the Coastal Marine Environment. Pages 39-62 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2009. | 2009 | Global | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landuse Management |
Cruz-Trinidad, A., R. C. Geronimo, and P. M. Alino. 2009. Development trajectories and impacts on coral reef use in Lingayen Gulf, Philippines. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:173-180. | 2009 | Philippines | Index or Indicator | Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation |
Cumberlidge, N., P. K. L. Ng, D. C. J. Yeo, C. Magalhaes, M. R. Campos, F. Alvarez, T. Naruse, S. R. Daniels, L. J. Esser, F. Y. K. Attipoe, F.-L. Clotilde-Ba, W. Darwall, A. McIvor, J. E. M. Baillie, B. Collen, and M. Ram. 2009. Freshwater crabs and the biodiversity crisis: Importance, threats, status, and conservation challenges. Biological Conservation 142:1665-1673. | 2009 | Global; Europe | Deforestation & Devegetation; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Stony Coral | |
Daily, G.C., S. Polasky, J. Goldstein, P.M. Kareiva, H.A. Mooney, L. Pejchar, T.H. Ricketts, J. Salzman, and R. Shallenberger. 2009. Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:21-28. | 2009 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Das, S. 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics, Kathmandu, Nepal. | 2009 | Global | GIS & Maps | Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
deGroot, R. S., R. Alkemade, L. Braat, L. Hein, and L. Willemen. 2009. Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological Complexity (inpress). | 2009 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Valuation | |
Dikou, A., C. Ackerman, C. Banks, A. Dempsey, M. Fox, M. Gins, P. Hester, A. Parnes, S. Roach, J. Rohde, C. Spital, M. Tapleshay, and L. Thomas. 2009. Ecological assessment to detect imminent change in coral reefs of Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park, Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 30:425-436. | 2009 | South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Caribbean | Index or Indicator | Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae |
Draut, A. E., M. H. Bothner, M. E. Field, R. L. Reynolds, S. A. Cochran, J. B. Logan, C. D. Storlazzi, and C. J. Berg. 2009. Supply and dispersal of flood sediment from a steep, tropical watershed: Hanalei Bay, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin 121:574-585. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Dung, L. D. 2009. Nha Trang Bay marine protected area, Vietnam: Initial trends in coral structure and some preliminary linkages between these trends and human activities (2002-2005). Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:249-257. | 2009 | Vietnam | Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation | |
Edwards, P. E. T. 2009. Sustainable financing for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica: The potential for revenues from tourist user fees. Marine Policy 33:376-385. | 2009 | Jamaica | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation | |
Ellison, J. C. 2009. Wetlands of the pacific island region. Wetlands Ecology and Management 17:169-206. | 2009 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Tonga; Niue; Samoa; Tuvalu; Marshall Islands; Kiribati; Cook Islands; Papua New Guinea; American Samoa; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Landuse Management; Mangroves; Mining Policies; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands |
Fancy, S. G., J. E. Gross, and S. L. Carter. 2009. Monitoring the condition of natural resources in US national parks. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 151:161-174. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research | |
Fernandes, L., J. Day, B. Kerrigan, D. Breen, G. De'ath, B. Mapstone, R. Coles, T. Done, H. Marsh, I. Poiner, T. Ward, D. Williams, and R. Kenchington. 2009. A process to design a network of marine no-take areas: Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:439-447. | 2009 | Australia | Collaboration & Partnering; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas | |
Forst, M. F. 2009. The convergence of Integrated Coastal Zone Management and the ecosystems approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:294-306. | 2009 | South & Central America; Australia; Belize | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Ghermandi, A., P. A. L. D. Nunes, R. Portela, N. Rao, and S. S. Teelucksingh. 2009. Recrational, cultural, aesthetic services from estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. | 2009 | Europe | Review | Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Social Organizations; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Gilmour, J. P., L. D. Smith, and R. M. Brinkman. 2009. Biannual spawning, rapid larval development and evidence of self-seeding for scleractinian corals at an isolated system of reefs. Marine Biology 156:1297-1309. | 2009 | Australia | Stony Coral | |
Greiner, R., L. Patterson, and O. Miller. 2009. Motivations, risk perceptions and adoption of conservation practices by farmers. Agricultural Systems 99:86-104. | 2009 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Harrison, P. A. and the RUBICODE consortium. 2009. Conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe: from threat to action. Pensoft. | 2009 | Europe | Review; Index or Indicator | Climate; Climate Regulation; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mitigation; Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation |
Hoehn, S. and B. Thapa. 2009. Attitudes and perceptions of indigenous fishermen towards marine resource management in Kuna Yala, Panama. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 16:427-437. | 2009 | Panama | Index or Indicator | Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management |
Hughes, A. O., J. M. Olley, J. C. Croke, and L. A. McKergow. 2009. Sediment source changes over the last 250 years in a dry-tropical catchment, central Queensland, Australia. Geomorphology 104:262-275. | 2009 | Australia; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Mitigation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
ILM Secretariat (Environment Canada), GeoConnections and International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2009. Integrated management and geospatial information network for the environment - building a shared vision: workshop report. Ottawa, ON, Canada. | 2009 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landuse Management | |
Jones, G. P., G. R. Russ, P. F. Sale, and R. S. Steneck. 2009. Theme section on "Larval connectivity, resilience and the future of coral reefs"". Coral Reefs 28:303-305. | 2009 | Complex Habitat & Resources | ||
Kareiva, P., editor. 2009. Special Issue of Frontiers in Ecology - focusing on ecosystem services. Issue 1, Volume 7, The Ecological Society of America. | 2009 | Global | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Karfs, R. A., B. N. Abbott, P. F. Scarth, and J. F. Wallace. 2009. Land condition monitoring information for reef catchments: a new era. Rangeland Journal 31:69-86. | 2009 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management |
Lan, T. D. 2009. Assessment of some marine ecosystems using sustainable utilization indicators in Hai Phong-Quang Ninh coastal area, Vietnam. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:243-248. | 2009 | Vietnam | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing | Mangroves; Stony Coral |
Layke, C. 2009. Measuring nature�s benefits: a preliminary roadmap for improving ecosystem service indicators. | 2009 | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Climate Regulation; Corporate Responses; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting | |
Mandal, D. and K. P. Tripathi. 2009. Soil erosion limits for Lakshadweep Archipelago. Current Science 96:276-280. | 2009 | Landscape Conservation & Restoration | ||
Maughan, M. and J. Brodie. 2009. Reef exposure to river-borne contaminants: a spatial model. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1132-1140. | 2009 | Australia; Europe | Model; GIS & Maps | Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Mondal, N. C., V. S. Singh, D. V. Sarwade, and M. V. Nandakumar. 2009. Appraisal of groundwater resources in an island condition. Journal of Earth System Science 118:217-229. | 2009 | India | Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Nelson, E., G. Mendoza, J. Regetz, S. Polasky, H. Tallis, D. R. Cameron, K. M. A. Chan, G. C. Daily, J. Goldstein, P. M. Kareiva, E. Lonsdorf, R. Naidoo, T. H. Ricketts, and M. R. Shaw. 2009. Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:4-11. | 2009 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Carbon Storage & Cycling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Resource Use Management; Valuation | |
Nicholson, E., G. M. Mace, P. R. Armsworth, G. Atkinson, S. Buckle, T. Clements, R. M. Ewers, J. E. Fa, T. A. Gardner, J. Gibbons, R. Grenyer, R. Metcalfe, S. Mourato, M. Muuls, D. Osborn, D. C. Reuman, C. Watson, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. 2009. Priority research areas for ecosystem services in a changing world. Journal of Applied Ecology 1-6. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Nunn, P. D. 2009. Responding to the challenges of climate change in the Pacific Islands: management and technological imperatives. Climate Research 40:211-231. | 2009 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Climate; Cultural Policies; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Obura, D. O. and G. Grimsditch. 2009. Resilience Assessment of Coral Reefs Rapid assessment protocol for coral reefs, focusing on coral bleaching and thermal stress. IUCN working group on Climate Change and Coral Reefs, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. | 2009 | Global; South & Central America; Caribbean | Algae; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Sea Temperatures; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies | |
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. 2009. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:976-986. | 2009 | Australia | Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Pellegrini, J. A. C., M. L. G. Soares, F. O. Chaves, G. C. D. Estrada, and V. F. Cavalcanti. 2009. A Method for the Classification of Mangrove Forests and Sensitivity/Vulnerability Analysis. Journal of Coastal Research 443-447. | 2009 | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills | |
Plummer, M. L. 2009. Assessing benefit transfer for the valuation of ecosystem services. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:38-45. | 2009 | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Valuation | ||
Quicoy, A. R. and N. D. Briones. 2009. Beach Carrying Capacity Assessment of Coastal Ecotourism in Calatagan, Batangas, Phlippines. Journal Of Environmental Science And Management 12:11-26. | 2009 | Florida | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
Rabaut, M., M. Vincx, and S. Degraer. 2009. Do Lanice conchilega (sandmason) aggregations classify as reefs? Quantifying habitat modifying effects. Helgoland Marine Research 63:37-46. | 2009 | Marine Worms; Sediment | ||
Rasheed, M., E. El-Hihi, S. Al-Rousan, and A. Abu-Hilal. 2009. Chemical evaluation of sand material sources for beach replenishment along the coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Chemistry and Ecology 25:371-384. | 2009 | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients | ||
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral Reefs Threats and Conservation in an Era of Global Change. Pages 136-186 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2009. | 2009 | Global; Florida | Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation | |
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral reefs: threats and conservation in an era of global change. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1162:136-186. | 2009 | Global; Florida | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation | |
Risk, M. J., B. E. Lapointe, O. A. Sherwood, and B. J. Bedford. 2009. The use of delta N-15 in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:793-802. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Algae; Bivalves; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment | |
Risk, M.J., B.E. Lapointe, O.A. Sherwood, B.J. Bedford. 2009. The use of d15N in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:793-802. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Algae; Bivalves; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment | |
Roberts, J. M., A. J. Davies, L. A. Henry, L. A. Dodds, G. C. A. Duineveld, M. S. S. Lavaleye, C. Maier, R. W. M. van Soest, M. J. N. Bergman, V. Huhnerbach, V. A. I. Huvenne, D. J. Sinclair, T. Watmough, D. Long, S. L. Green, and H. van Haren. 2009. Mingulay reef complex: an interdisciplinary study of cold-water coral habitat, hydrography and biodiversity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:139-151. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. | 2009 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics |
Roebeling, P. C., E. M. T. Hendrix, and M. E. van Grieken. 2009. Exploring industry specific social welfare maximizing rates of water pollution abatement in linked terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Journal of Coastal Research 1681-1685. | 2009 | Australia | Agriculture; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges | |
Russell, B. D., J. A. I. Thompson, L. J. Falkenberg, and S. D. Connell. 2009. Synergistic effects of climate change and local stressors: CO2 and nutrient-driven change in subtidal rocky habitats. Global Change Biology 15:2153-2162. | 2009 | Global | Model | Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Economic Markets & Policies; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity |
Sanchirico, J. N. and P. Mumby. 2009. Mapping ecosystem functions to the valuation of ecosystem services: Implications of species-habitat associations for coastal land-use decisions. Theoretical Ecology 2:67-77. | 2009 | Model; GIS & Maps | Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Valuation | |
Semeniuk, C. A. D., W. Haider, B. Beardmore, and K. D. Rothley. 2009. A multi-attribute trade-off approach for advancing the management of marine wildlife tourism: a quantitative assessment of heterogeneous visitor preferences. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:194-208. | 2009 | Cayman Islands | Model | Tourism & Recreation |
Sheppard, C. 2009. Large temperature plunges recorded by data loggers at different depths on an Indian Ocean atoll: Comparison with satellite data and relevance to coral refuges. Coral Reefs 28:399-403. | 2009 | Indian Ocean; India | Substrate | |
Shokri, M. R., W. Gladstone, and A. Kepert. 2009. Annelids, arthropods or molluscs are suitable as surrogate taxa for selecting conservation reserves in estuaries. Biodiversity and Conservation 18:1117-1130. | 2009 | Australia | Arthropods; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Molluscs | |
Silva, I. R., J. C. Rossi, H. M. Nascimento, and T. G. Siqueira. 2009. Geoenvironmental Characterization and Urbanization of the Beaches on the Islands of Tinhare and Boipeba, South Coast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research 1297-1300. | 2009 | Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Silvano, R. A. M., M. Ramires, and J. Zuanon. 2009. Effects of fisheries management on fish communities in the floodplain lakes of a Brazilian Amazonian Reserve. Ecology Of Freshwater Fish 18:156-166. | 2009 | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector | ||
Singh, V. S., D. V. Sarwade, N. C. Mondal, M. V. Nanadakumar, and B. Singh. 2009. Evaluation of groundwater resources in a tiny Andrott Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 158:145-154. | 2009 | India | Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE). 2009. Can mangroves minimize property loss during big storms? An analysis of house damage due to the super cyclone in Orissa. | 2009 | Global | GIS & Maps | Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Regulating Services; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Steneck, R. S. 2009. Marine Conservation: Moving Beyond Malthus. Current Biology 19. | 2009 | Economic Markets & Policies; Finfish Harvest | ||
Tallis, H., R. Goldman, M. Uhl, and B. Brosi. 2009. Integrating conservation and development in the field: implementing ecosystem service projects. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:12�20. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Terry, J. P. and K. Khatri. 2009. People, pigs and pollution - Experiences with applying participatory learning and action (PLA) methodology to identify problems of pig-waste management at the village level in Fiji. Journal of Cleaner Production 17:1393-1400. | 2009 | Fiji | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
UNCWI. 2009. Healthy Watersheds through Healthy Forests. | 2009 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Collaboration & Partnering; Drinking Water Supply; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Vosoghi, G. H., M. R. Fatemi, S. Jamili, A. R. Nikoyab, and M. Rabbaniba. 2009. The fluctuation of coralline fish larvae of Khark and Kharko (Persian Gulf). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 4:136-142. | 2009 | Iran; Oman | Index or Indicator | Fish; Mangroves; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Waheed, B., F. Khan, and B. Veitch. 2009. Linkage-based frameworks for sustainability assessment: making a case for driving force-pressure-state-exposure- effect-action (DPSEEA) frameworks. Sustainability 1:441-463. | 2009 | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | ||
Wasmund, K., D. I. Kurtboke, K. A. Burns, and D. G. Bourne. 2009. Microbial diversity in sediments associated with a shallow methane seep in the tropical Timor Sea of Australia reveals a novel aerobic methanotroph diversity. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 68:142-151. | 2009 | Australia | Microorganisms; Sediment | |
Watts, M. E., I. R. Ball, R. S. Stewart, C. J. Klein, K. Wilson, C. Steinback, R. Lourival, L. Kircher, and H. P. Possingham. 2009. Marxan with Zones: Software for optimal conservation based land- and sea-use zoning. Environmental Modelling & Software 24:1513-1521. | 2009 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management |
Wolanski, E., J. A. Martinez, and R. H. Richmond. 2009. Quantifying the impact of watershed urbanization on a coral reef: Maunalua Bay, Hawaii. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:259-268. | 2009 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Algae; Coralline Algae; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Alkendi, M. Y. and M. Chandler. 2008. A successful stakeholder partnership - The Dolphin Energy experience coral reef habitats of the Arabian Gulf. Pages 2039-2047 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". | 2008 | Global; Qatar | GIS & Maps | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Resource Use Management; Whales & Dolphins |
Aubrecht, C., C. D. Elvidge, T. Longcore, C. Rich, J. Safran, A. E. Strong, C. M. Eakin, K. E. Baugh, B. T. Tuttle, A. T. Howard, and E. H. Erwin. 2008. A global inventory of coral reef stressors based on satellite observed nighttime lights. Geocarto International 23:467-479. | 2008 | Global | Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps | Finfish Harvest; Small Boats |
Banerjee, P., D. Sarwade, and V. S. Singh. 2008. Characterization of an island aquifer from tidal response. Environmental Geology 55:901-906. | 2008 | Drinking Water Supply; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Banth, V. K., K. P. Singh, G. S. Patnaik, P. Abhishak, and V. Manoj. 2008. Use of Calcium Carbonate as filler with ASAA-successful story at bilt-ashti. Pages 89-92 in IPPTA: Quarterly Journal of Indian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. | 2008 | India | Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Manufacturing & Trade; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Barbier, E. B., E. W. Koch, B. R. Silliman, S. D. Hacker, E. Wolanski, J. Primavera, E. F. Granek, S. Polasky, S. Aswani, L. A. Cramer, D. M. Stoms, C. J. Kennedy, D. Bael, C. V. Kappel, G. M. E. Perillo, and D. J. Reed. 2008. Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. Science 319:321-323. | 2008 | Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection |
Bouchon, C., P. Portillo, M. Louis, F. Mazeas, and Y. Bouchon-Navaro. 2008. Recent evolution of the coral reefs of Guadeloupe and Saint- Barthelemy Islands [evolution recente des recifs coralliens des îles de la Guadeloupe et de Saint-Barthelemy]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:45-65. | 2008 | Antilles | Field Study & Monitoring | Chemical Use Regulations; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge |
Bunce, M., L. D. Rodwell, R. Gibb, and L. Mee. 2008. Shifting baselines in fishers' perceptions of island reef fishery degradation. Ocean and Coastal Management 51:285-302. | 2008 | Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Celliers, L. and M. H. Schleyer. 2008. Coral community structure and risk assessment of high-latitude reefs at Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation 17:3097-3117. | 2008 | South Africa | Index or Indicator | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Octocoral |
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. | 2008 | Puerto Rico | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Chancerelle, Y. 2008. Coral reefs of Wallis and Futuna: Biological monitoring, health and future [Les recifs coralliens de Wallis et Futuna: Suivi biologique, etat de sante et perspectives d'avenir]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:133-143. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Fiji; Samoa; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest |
Chang, Y.C., F.W. Hong, and M.T. Lee. 2008. A system dynamic based DSS for sustainable coral reef management in Kenting coastal zone, Taiwan. Ecological Modelling 211:153-168. | 2008 | Taiwan | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Fish; Sewage Treatment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge |
Cleary, D. F. R., L. De Vantier, Giyanto, L. Vail, P. Manto, N. J. De Voogd, P. G. Rachello-Dolmen, Y. Tuti, A. Budiyanto, J. Wolstenholme, B. W. Hoeksema, and Suharsono. 2008. Relating variation in species composition to environmental variables: A multi-taxon study in an Indonesian coral reef complex. Aquatic Science 70:419-431. | 2008 | Java; Indonesia | Complex Habitat & Resources; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Clynick, B. G., M. G. Chapman, and A. J. Underwood. 2008. Fish assemblages associated with urban structures and natural reefs in Sydney, Australia. Austral Ecology 33:140-150. | 2008 | Australia | Artificial Habitat; Docks & Marinas; Fish | |
Coleman, M. A., B. P. Kelaher, P. D. Steinberg, and A. J. K. Millar. 2008. Absence of a large brown macroalga on urbanized rocky reefs around Sydney, Australia, and evidence for historical decline. Journal of Phycology 44:897-901. | 2008 | Australia | Algae | |
Dahdouh-Guebas, F. and N. Koedam. 2008. Long-term retrospection on mangrove development using transdisciplinary approaches: A review. Aquatic Botany 89:80-92. | 2008 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Mangroves; Shoreline Protection | |
De Mitcheson, Y. S., A. Cornish, M. Domeier, P. L. Colin, M. Russell, and K. C. Lindeman. 2008. A global baseline for spawning aggregations of reef fishes. Conservation Biology 22:1233-1244. | 2008 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Piscivorous Fish | |
Demopoulos, A. W. J., N. Cormier, K. C. Ewel, and B. Fry. 2008. Use of multiple chemical tracers to define habitat use of Indo-Pacific mangrove crab, Scylla serrata (Decapoda: Portunidae). Estuaries and Coasts 31:371-381. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia | Model | Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Dobbs, K., L. Fernandes, S. Slegers, B. Jago, L. Thompson, J. Hall, J. Day, D. Cameron, J. Tanzer, F. Macdonald, H. Marsh, and R. Coles. 2008. Incorporating dugong habitats into the marine protected area design for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland, Australia. Ocean and Coastal Management 51:368-375. | 2008 | Australia | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas | |
Douvere, F. 2008. The importance of marine spatial planning in advancing ecosystem-based sea use management. Marine Policy 32:762-771. | 2008 | Australia; Europe | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas | |
Drew, C. A. and D. B. Eggleston. 2008. Juvenile fish densities in Florida Keys mangroves correlate with landscape characteristics. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362:233-243. | 2008 | Florida | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves |
Dryden, J., A. Grech, J. Moloney, and M. Hamann. 2008. Rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Does it afford greater protection for marine turtles? Wildlife Research 35:477-485. | 2008 | Australia | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Duarte, C. M., W. C. Dennison, R. J. W. Orth, and T. J. B. Carruthers. 2008. The charisma of coastal ecosystems: Addressing the imbalance. Estuaries and Coasts 31:233-238. | 2008 | Collaboration & Partnering; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses | ||
Finkl, C. W., J. E. Becerra, V. Achatz, and J. L. Andrews. 2008. Geomorphological mapping along the upper southeast Florida Atlantic continental platform; I: Mapping units, symbolization and geographic information system presentation of interpreted seafloor topography. Journal of Coastal Research 24:1388-1417. | 2008 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pipelines; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Gibson, P. J., J. N. Boyer, and N. P. Smith. 2008. Nutrient mass flux between Florida Bay and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Estuaries and Coasts 31:21-32. | 2008 | Florida | Discharges; Nutrients; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Granek, E. and B. I. Ruttenberg. 2008. Changes in biotic and abiotic processes following mangrove clearing. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 80:555-562. | 2008 | South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean | Algae; Cyanobacteria; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment | |
Grech, A., H. Marsh, and R. Coles. 2008. A spatial assessment of the risk to a mobile marine mammal from bycatch. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18:1127-1139. | 2008 | Australia | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Whales & Dolphins | |
Greiner, R. and O. Miller. 2008. Reducing diffuse water pollution by tailoring incentives to region specific requirements: Empirical study for the Burdekin River basin (Australia). Pages 31-42 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. | 2008 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges |
Hartog, W. M., L. Benedet, D.-J.R. Walstra, M. Van Koningsveld, M. J. F. Stive, and C. W. Finkl. 2008. Mechanisms that influence the performance of beach nourishment: A case-study in Delray Beach, Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Coastal Research 24:1304-1319. | 2008 | Florida | Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes |
Hawdon, A. A., R. J. Keen, D. A. Post, and S. N. Wilkinson. 2008. Hydrological recovery of rangeland following cattle exclusion. IAHS-AISH Publication 532-539. | 2008 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Houk, P. and R. Van Woesik. 2008. Dynamics of shallow-water assemblages in the Saipan Lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series 356:39-50. | 2008 | Northern Mariana Islands | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes |
Hunter, H. M. and R. S. Walton. 2008. Land-use effects on fluxes of suspended sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus from a river catchment of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Hydrology 356:131-146. | 2008 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge |
IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (IUCN-WCPA). 2008. Establishing Marine Protected Area Networks�Making It Happen. IUCN-WCPA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and The Nature Conservancy, Washington, D.C. | 2008 | Global; Palau; Micronesia; Papua New Guinea; Philippines | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Ocean Acidity |
Jupiter, S. D. and G. S. Marion. 2008. Changes in forest area along stream networks in an agricultural catchment of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Environmental Management 42:66-79. | 2008 | Australia | GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Landscape Changes; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Kitada, Y., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, and T. Oomori. 2008. Distribution of pesticides and bisphenol A in sediments collected from rivers adjacent to coral reefs. Chemosphere 71:2082-2090. | 2008 | Japan | Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fishing Sector; Landscaping & Household Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Kumar, A., P. Seralathan, and K. S. Jayappa. 2008. Distribution of coastal cliffs in Kerala, India: their mechanisms of failure and related human engineering response. Environmental Geology 18-Jan. | 2008 | India | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection |
Lee, T. N., N. Melo, E. Johns, C. Kelble, R. H. Smith, and P. Ortner. 2008. On water renewal and salinity variability in the northeast subregion of Florida Bay. Bulletin of Marine Science 82:83-105. | 2008 | Florida | Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Leitao, F., M. N. Santos, K. Erzini, and C. C. Monteiro. 2008. The effect of predation on artificial reef juvenile demersal fish species. Marine Biology 153:1233-1244. | 2008 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish | |
Linares, C., R. Coma, J. Garrabou, D. Diaz, and M. Zabala. 2008. Size distribution, density and disturbance in two Mediterranean gorgonians: Paramuricea clavata and Eunicella singularis. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:688-699. | 2008 | Index or Indicator | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Octocoral | |
Lindsay, M. J., H. M. Patterson, and S. E. Swearer. 2008. Habitat as a surrogate measure of reef fish diversity in the zoning of the Lord Howe Island Marine Park, Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 353:265-273. | 2008 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Maynard, J. A., P. J. Turner, K. R. N. Anthony, A. H. Baird, R. Berkelmans, C. M. Eakin, J. Johnson, P. A. Marshall, G. R. Packer, A. Rea, and B. L. Willis. 2008. ReefTemp: An interactive monitoring system for coral bleaching using high-resolution SST and improved stress predictors. Geophysical Research Letters 35. | 2008 | Global; Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing | Sea Temperatures |
Metzger, M.J., D. Schroter, R. Leemans, W. Cramer. 2008. A spatially explicit and quantitative vulnerability assessment of ecosystem service change in Europe. Regional Environmental Change 3:91-107. | 2008 | Global; Europe | Model; Index or Indicator | Climate; Collaboration & Partnering |
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Chapter 13, Part 650. Wetland Restoration, Enhancement or Creation. Engineering Field Handbook. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. | 2008 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Military; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands | |
Oyamada, K., M. Tsukidate, K. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, T. Isoo, and T. Terawaki. 2008. A field test of porous carbonated blocks used as artificial reef in seaweed beds of Ecklonia cava. Journal of Applied Phycology 20:863-868. | 2008 | Cuba | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Landscape Conservation & Restoration |
Pares-Ramos, I., W. A. Gould, and T. M. Aide. 2008. Suburban growth and forest expansion following agricultural abandonment in Puerto Rico (1991-2000). Pages 1-24 in Berlin Conference "Long-Term Policies: Governing Social-Ecological Change" International Conference of the Social-Ecological Research. Berlin, (Germany). | 2008 | Global; Puerto Rico | Agriculture; Housing; Manufacturing & Trade | |
Poonian, C. N. S. 2008. The influence of protected area management on the status of coral reefs at Misali Island, Tanzania following the 1998 bleaching event in the western Indian Ocean. African Journal of Ecology 46:471-478. | 2008 | Indian Ocean; Cuba; Tanzania; India | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate | |
Restrepo, J. D. 2008. Applicability of LOICZ catchment-coast continuum in a major Caribbean basin: The Magdalena River, Colombia. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:214-229. | 2008 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Agriculture; Discharges; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Rinkevich, B. 2008. Management of coral reefs: We have gone wrong when neglecting active reef restoration. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1821-1824. | 2008 | Global | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Shivlani, M., V. R. Leeworthy, T. J. Murray, D. O. Suman, and F. Tonioli. 2008. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of management strategies and regulations of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuaries by commercial fishers, dive operators, and environmental group members: a baseline characterization and 10-year comparison. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD. | 2008 | Florida | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Commercial Fisheries; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Special Use Permitting |
Singh, V. S., D. V. Sarwade, N. C. Mondal, M. V. Nanadakumar, and B. Singh. 2008. Evaluation of groundwater resources in a tiny Andrott Island, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 10-Jan. | 2008 | India | Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Sloan, N. J. B. and E. A. Irlandi. 2008. Burial tolerances of reef-building Sabellariid worms from the east coast of Florida. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:337-344. | 2008 | Florida | Marine Worms; Sediment | |
Smith, J., G. B. Douglas, L. C. Radke, M. Palmer, and B. P. Brooke. 2008. Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia. III. Identification of sediment sources in the coastal zone. Environmental Chemistry 5:231-242. | 2008 | Australia; Europe | Model | Landuse Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Smith, S. D. A., M. J. Rule, M. Harrison, and S. J. Dalton. 2008. Monitoring the sea change: Preliminary assessment of the conservation value of nearshore reefs, and existing impacts, in a high-growth, coastal region of subtropical eastern Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:525-534. | 2008 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Coastal Development; Marine Debris; Molluscs |
Taggart, S. J., J. Mondragon, A. G. Andrews, and J. K. Nielsen. 2008. Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: Implications for the design of marine protected areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 365:151-163. | 2008 | Field Study & Monitoring | Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas | |
Tepedino, V. J., B. A. Bradley, and T. L. Griswold. 2008. Might flowers of invasive plants increase native bee carrying capacity? Intimations from Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Natural Areas Journal 28:44-50. | 2008 | Invasive Species | ||
Tessier, E., L. Bigot, C. Cadet, B. Cauvin, P. Chabanet, C. Conand, J.-B. Nicet, and J.-P. Quod. 2008. Coral reefs of Reunion Island in 2007: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de la Reunion en 2007: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:85-102. | 2008 | Global; Indian Ocean; Reunion; India; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes |
Vermeij, M. J. A. and S. A. Sandin. 2008. Density-dependent settlement and mortality structure the earliest life phases of a coral population. Ecology 89:1994-2004. | 2008 | Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean | Algae; Coralline Algae; Stony Coral; Turf Algae | |
Wolanski, E., K. E. Fabricius, T. F. Cooper, and C. Humphrey. 2008. Wet season fine sediment dynamics on the inner shelf of the Great Barrier Reef. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 77:755-762. | 2008 | Australia | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
World Bank Group. 2008. Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation. Nature based solutions from the world bank portfolio. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC. | 2008 | Global; South & Central America; Iran; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Invasive Species; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
[No author name available]. 2007. Beach restoration in the Bahama Islands. World Dredging, Mining and Construction 43:11-Oct. | 2007 | Florida | Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling |
Al-Rousan, S. A., R. N. Al-Shloul, F. A. Al-Horani, and A. H. Abu-Hilal. 2007. Heavy metal contents in growth bands of Porites corals: Record of anthropogenic and human developments from the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54:1912-1922. | 2007 | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | ||
Antona, M., G. David, and E. Mirault. 2007. Scientists dealing with stakeholders' demand for coral reef management indicators: Methodological approach and issues. International Journal of Sustainable Development 10:46-60. | 2007 | Index or Indicator | ||
Benedet, L., C. W. Finkl, and W. M. Hartog. 2007. Processes controlling development of erosional hot spots on a beach nourishment project. Journal of Coastal Research 23:33-48. | 2007 | Florida | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Remediation; Sediment | |
De Pippo, T. and C. Petrosino. 2007. Innovative littoral preserving technologies within the European coastal management. Pages 253-258 in Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Advanced Technology in the Environmental Field, ATEF 2006. | 2007 | Europe | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Mitigation; Wetlands |
Dobbs, K., L. Fernandes, S. Slegers, B. Jago, L. Thompson, J. Hall, J. Day, D. Cameron, J. Tanzer, F. MacDonald, and C. Lumpus. 2007. Incorporating marine turtle habitats into the marine protected area design for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Queensland, Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 13:293-302. | 2007 | Australia | Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles | |
Dray, A., P. Perez, C. Le Page, P. D'Aquino, and I. White. 2007. Who wants to terminate the game? The role of vested interests and metaplayers in the ATOLLGAME experience. Simulation and Gaming 38:494-511. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati | Model | Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Fleitmann, D., R. B. Dunbar, M. McCulloch, M. Mudelsee, M. Vuille, T. R. McClanahan, J. E. Cole, and S. Eggins. 2007. East African soil erosion recorded in a 300 year old coral colony from Kenya. Geophysical Research Letters 34. | 2007 | Kenya | Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Herr, A. and P. M. Kuhnert. 2007. Assesment of uncertainty in Great Barrier Reef catchment models. Water Science and Technology 56:181-188. | 2007 | Australia | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Resource Use Management; Sediment |
Hwang, S. 2007. Page 111 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. St. Croix, USVI. | 2007 | Global; South & Central America; Caribbean | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Drinking Water Supply; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Schools & Colleges; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Islam, A., L. Wang, C. Smith, S. Reddy, A. Lewis, and A. Smith. 2007. Evaluation of satellite remote sensing for operational monitoring of sediment plumes produced by dredging at Hay Point, Queensland, Australia. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1. | 2007 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment |
Jegatheesan, V., C. Zeng, L. Shu, C. Manicom, and C. Steicke. 2007. Technological advances in aquaculture farms for minimal effluent discharge to oceans. Journal of Cleaner Production 15:1535-1544. | 2007 | Australia | Aquaculture; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
M. P. Weinstein, R. C. Baird, D. O. Conover, M. Gross, J. Keulartz, D. K. Loomis, Z. Naveh, S. B. Peterson, D. J. Reed, E. Roe, R. L. Swanson, J. A. A Swart, J. M. Teal, R. E. Turner, and H. J. van der Windt. 2007. Managing coastal resources in the 21st century. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5:43-48. | 2007 | Landuse Management; Mitigation | ||
Mason, A. M., L.-P. Dana, and R. Anderson. 2007. The Inuit commercial caribou harvest and related agri-food industries in Nunavut. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 4:785-806. | 2007 | Global; Europe | Infrastructure; Ports & Harbors | |
Montgomery, C. E., R. N. Reed, H. J. Shaw, S. M. Boback, and J. M. Walker. 2007. Distribution, habitat, size, and color pattern of Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Sauria: Teiidae) on Cayo Cochino Pequeno, Honduras. Southwestern Naturalist 52:38-45. | 2007 | South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean | ||
Mulhall, M. 2007. Saving rainforests of the sea: an analysis of international efforts to conserve coral reefs. Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 19:321-351. | 2007 | Climate; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Ocean Acidity | ||
Narayan, K. A., C. Schleeberger, and K. L. Bristow. 2007. Modelling seawater intrusion in the Burdekin Delta Irrigation Area, North Queensland, Australia. Agricultural Water Management 89:217-228. | 2007 | Australia | Model | Agriculture; Irrigation; Resource Use Management; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce. | 2007 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Military; Mitigation; Schools & Colleges | |
O�Garra, Tanya. 2007. Estimating the Total Economic Value (TEV) of the Navakavu LMMA in Vitu Levu Island (Fiji). Component 2A- Project 2A2, Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific (CRISP), New Caledonia. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Valuation | |
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. and L. H. MacDonald. 2007. Development and application of a GIS-based sediment budget model. Journal of Environmental Management 84:157-172. | 2007 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies |
Rigby, J. K., G. L. Bell Jr., and K. Thompson. 2007. Hexactinellid and associated sponges from the upper reef trail member of the bell canyon formation, southern Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 81:1241-1256. | 2007 | Sponges | ||
Roebeling, P. C., C. S. Fletcher, D. W. Hilbert, and J. Udo. 2007. Welfare gains from urbanizing landscapes in Great Barrier Reef catchments? A spatial environmental-economic modelling approach. Pages 737-749 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. | 2007 | Australia | Model | Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges |
Roman, G. S. J., P. Dearden, and R. Rollins. 2007. Application of zoning and \limits of acceptable change\" to manage snorkelling tourism". Environmental Management 39:819-830. | 2007 | Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling |
Ronnback, P., B. Crona, and L. Ingwall. 2007. The return of ecosystem goods and services in replanted mangrove forests: Perspectives from local communities in Kenya. Environmental Conservation 34:313-324. | 2007 | Kenya | Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Valuation | |
Sammarco, P. W., P. Hallock, J. C. Lang, and R. S. Legore. 2007. Roundtable discussion groups summary papers: Environmental bio-indicators in coral reef ecosystems: The need to align research, monitoring, and environmental regulation. Environmental Bioindicators 2:35-46. | 2007 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Toxics | |
Sanchiricho, J. N. and J. E. Wilen. 2007. Sustainable use of renewable resources: implications of spatial-dynamic ecological and economic processes. International review of Environmental and Resource Economics 1:367-405. | 2007 | Review; Model | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management | |
Seaman, W. 2007. Artificial habitats and the restoration of degraded marine ecosystems and fisheries. Hydrobiologia 580:143-155. | 2007 | South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Cuba; Pacific Ocean; Japan; Mexico | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Sherman, B. S., J. Brodie, L. Cogle, and C. Carroll. 2007. Appropriate use of catchment models for water-quality target setting and land-use management. IAHS-AISH Publication 239-250. | 2007 | Australia | Model; GIS & Maps | Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sediment |
Tepedino, V. J., D. G. Alston, B. A. Bradley, T. R. Toler, and T. L. Griswold. 2007. Orchard pollination in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA. Honey bees or native bees? Biodiversity and Conservation 16:3083-3094. | 2007 | |||
Tupper, M. 2007. Identification of nursery habitats for commercially valuable humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus and large groupers (Pisces: Serranidae) in Palau. Marine Ecology Progress Series 332:189-199. | 2007 | Palau | Algae; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Wholesale & Retail Trade | |
van der Velde, M., S. R. Green, M. Vanclooster, and B. E. Clothier. 2007. Sustainable development in small island developing states: Agricultural intensification, economic development, and freshwater resources management on the coral atoll of Tongatapu. Ecological Economics 61:456-468. | 2007 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Japan; Tonga | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Primary Production; Tourism & Recreation |
Vann, A. 2007. Marine protected areas (MPAs): federal legal authority. Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC. | 2007 | Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | ||
Wanless, H. R. and K. L. Maier. 2007. An evaluation of beach renourishment sands adjacent to reefal settings, Southeast Florida. Southeastern Geology 45:25-42. | 2007 | Florida | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment | |
Worachananant, S., R. W. Carter, and M. Hockings. 2007. Impacts of the 2004 tsunami on Surin Marine National Park, Thailand. Coastal Management 35:399-412. | 2007 | Thailand | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral | |
Xu, D.-X. and G.-X. Zhang. 2007. Impact of human activities on coastal wetlands in China. Wetland Science 5:282-298. | 2007 | China | Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Ando, A. W. and M. Getzner. 2006. The roles of ownership, ecology, and economics in public wetland-conservation decisions. Ecological Economics 58:287-303. | 2006 | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Political Pressure; Wetlands | ||
Averbukh, B. M. and S. A. Aliyeva. 2006. Commercial oil and gas potential of the Northern Caspian shelf. Geologiya Nefti i Gaza 1:18-24. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Landuse Management; Sediment | |
Burke, L. and Z. Sugg. 2006. Hydrologic Modeling of Watersheds Discharging Adjacent to the Mesoamerican Reef. World Resource Institute. | 2006 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Collaboration & Partnering; Military | |
Chen, P. 2006. Evaluation on service value of wetland ecosystem in Xiamen City. Wetland Science 4:101-107. | 2006 | Global; China | GIS & Maps | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Scientific Research; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands |
Coles, S. L., F. L. M. Kandel, P. A. Reath, K. Longenecker, and L. G. Eldredge. 2006. Rapid assessment of nonindigenous marine species on coral reefs in the main Hawaiian islands. Pacific Science 60:483-507. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Lab Study; Model | Algae; Invasive Species; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Costa Jr., O. S., M. J. Attrill, and M. Nimmo. 2006. Seasonal and spatial controls on the delivery of excess nutrients to nearshore and offshore coral reefs of Brazil. Journal of Marine Systems 60:63-74. | 2006 | Discharges; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Davenport, J. and J. L. Davenport. 2006. The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 67:280-292. | 2006 | Cuba | Review | Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Invasive Species; Land & Air Transportation; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling |
Dearden, P., M. Bennett, and R. Rollins. 2006. Implications for coral reef conservation of diver specialization. Environmental Conservation 33:353-363. | 2006 | Cuba; Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Incentives; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation |
Deronde, B., S. Sterckx, L. Bertels, E. Knaeps, and P. Kempeneers. 2006. Imaging spectroscopy and integrated coastal zone management: A promising marriage. Pages 327-339 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. | 2006 | Indonesia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Dirhamsyah, D. 2006. Indonesian legislative framework for coastal resources management: A critical review and recommendation. Ocean and Coastal Management 49:68-92. | 2006 | Indonesia | Review | Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting |
Dykes, A. P. and J. Gunn. 2006. Hoga island, Sulawesi, Indonesia: Geomorphology and groundwater resources of a small tropical carbonate island. Cave and Karst Science 33:21-28. | 2006 | Indonesia | Field Study & Monitoring | Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water |
Folke, C. 2006. Resilience: the emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Global Environmental Change 16:253-267. | 2006 | Model | ||
Groeneveld, O. L. 2006. The mine manager's toolkit. Pages 5-Mar in Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series. | 2006 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Manufacturing & Trade; Mining Policies; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting |
Howell, B. and S. Wood. 2006. Kamikaze: Investigational autonomous underwater vehicle for collaborative research and undergraduate education and training. in ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings. | 2006 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Field Study & Monitoring | Collaboration & Partnering |
Hviding, E. 2006. Knowing and managing biodiversity in the Pacific Islands: Challenges of environmentalism in Marovo Lagoon. International Social Science Journal 58:69-85. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Solomon Islands | Field Study & Monitoring | Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration |
Kahn, A. E. and M. J. Durako. 2006. Thalassia testudinum seedling responses to changes in salinity and nitrogen levels. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335:12-Jan. | 2006 | Florida | Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting | |
Kelley Hart. 2006. The upper Neuse Clean Water Iniative Conservation Plan. | 2006 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Improved Technology; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Utilities Policies |
Lan, C.-H. and C.-Y. Hsui. 2006. Insight from complexity: A new approach to designing the deployment of artificial reef communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:21-28. | 2006 | Model | Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Lan, Z.-H., Y. Liao, Y.-Z. Xiao, and G.-Z. Chen. 2006. Degradation and conservation of coastal wetlands in South China Sea. Wetland Science 4:204-209. | 2006 | Global; China | Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Wetlands | |
Lunn, K. E. and P. Dearden. 2006. Monitoring small-scale marine fisheries: An example from Thailand's Ko Chang archipelago. Fisheries Research 77:60-71. | 2006 | Global; Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Invertebrates; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Octopus & Squid; Resource Use Management; Small Boats |
McLeod, E. and R. V. Salm. 2006. Managing mangroves for resilience to climate change. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. | 2006 | Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Menza, C., J. Ault, J. Beets, J. Bohnsack, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, A. Friedlander, C. Jeffrey, M. Kendall, J. Luo, M. Monaco, S. Smith, and K. Woody. 2006. A guide to monitoring reef fish in the National Park Service�s South Florida/Caribbean Network. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 39. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. | 2006 | South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Mous, P. J., Y. Sadovy, A. Halim, and J. S. Pet. 2006. Capture for culture: Artificial shelters for grouper collection in SE Asia. Fish and Fisheries 7:58-72. | 2006 | Southeast Asia; Indonesia | Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Live Collection; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish | |
Muller, J., R. A. J. Wust, and P. J. Hearty. 2006. Sediment transport along an artificial shoreline: \The Strand\", Townsville, NE-Queensland, Australia". Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 66:204-210. | 2006 | Australia | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Nellemann, C. and E. Corcoran. 2006. Our precious coasts � Marine pollution, climate change and the resilience of coastal ecosystems. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID, Arendal, Norway. | 2006 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges | |
Rigby, J. K. and G. L. Bell Jr. 2006. Sponges from the Reef Trail Member of the Upper Guadalupian (Permian) Bell Canyon Formation, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 80:Jan-42. | 2006 | Sponges | ||
Sudmeier-Rieux, K., H. Masundire, A. Rizvi, and S. Rietbergen, editors. 2006. Ecosystems, livelihoods and disasters: an integrated approach to disaster risk management. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gl�nd (Switzerland) & Cambridge (UK). | 2006 | Mangroves; Shoreline Protection | ||
Thanner, S. E., T. L. McIntosh, and S. M. Blair. 2006. Development of benthic and fish assemblages on artificial reef materials compared to adjacent natural reef assemblages in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:57-70. | 2006 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fish; Mitigation |
Thom, B. G. and A. D. Short. 2006. Introduction: Australian coastal geomorphology, 1984-2004. Journal of Coastal Research 22:10-Jan. | 2006 | Australia | Lab Study; Model | Climate |
Turton, A., C. Schultz, H. Buckle, M. Kgomongoe, T. Malungani, and M. Drackner. 2006. Gold, scorched earth and water: The hydropolitics of Johannesburg. International Journal of Water Resources Development 22:313-335. | 2006 | South Africa | Housing; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water | |
United Nations Environment Program - World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC). 2006. In the front line: shoreline protection and other ecosystem services from mangroves and coral reefs. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. | 2006 | Global; South & Central America; Indian Ocean; India; Mexico | Climate; Coastal Development; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation | |
Weight, A. 2006. The potential development of the Newquay Surf Reef. Pages 74-88 in International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005: Harmonising Scale and Detail - Proceedings of the International Conference on Coastlines, Structures and Breakwaters 2005. | 2006 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Welpa, M., A. de la Vega-Leinerta, S. Stoll-Kleemannb, and C. C. Jaegera. 2006. Science-based stakeholder dialogues: Theories and tools. Global Environmental Change 16:170-181. | 2006 | Global; Europe | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate |
Wilkinson, C., A. Caillaud, L. DeVantier, and R. South. 2006. Strategies to reverse the decline in valuable and diverse coral reefs, mangroves and fisheries: The bottom of the J-Curve in Southeast Asia? Ocean and Coastal Management 49:764-778. | 2006 | Global; Southeast Asia | Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | |
Zhao, M.-X., K.-F. Yu, and Q.-M. Zhang. 2006. Review on coral reefs biodiversity and ecological function. Acta Ecologica Sinica 26:186-194. | 2006 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); China | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Salinity; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes |
Auble, G. T., M. L. Scott, and J. M. Friedman. 2005. Use of individualistic streamflow-vegetation relations along the Fremont River, Utah, USA to assess impacts of flow alteration on Wetland and riparian areas. Wetlands 25:143-154. | 2005 | Model; Index or Indicator | Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Ault, J. S., J. A. Bohnsack, S. G. Smith, and J. Luo. 2005. Towards sustainable multispecies fisheries in the Florida, USA, coral reef ecosystem. Bulletin of Marine Science 76:595-622. | 2005 | Florida | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish |
Auster, P. J. 2005. Are deep-water corals important habitats for fishes? Pages 747-760 in Freiwald, A. and J. M. Roberts, editors. Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag. | 2005 | Model | Complex Habitat & Resources; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Boulon, R., M. Chiappone, R. Halley, W. Jaap, B. Keller, B. Kruczynski, M. Miller, and C. Rogers. 2005. Atlantic Acropora Status Review. | 2005 | Global; South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Jamaica; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico | Review | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Coastal Development; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Physical Damage; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae |
Chapman, D. J. and B. E. Julius. 2005. The use of preventative projects as compensatory restoration. Journal of Coastal Research 21:120-131. | 2005 | Florida | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Petroleum Spills | |
Cinner, J. 2005. Socioeconomic factors influencing customary marine tenure in the Indo-Pacific. Ecology and Society 10. | 2005 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea; Indonesia | Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management | |
Cunningham, R. B. and D. B. Lindenmayer. 2005. Modeling count data of rare species: Some statistical issues. Ecology 86:1135-1142. | 2005 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds |
Dalyell, T. 2005. Westminster diary. New Scientist 185:21. | 2005 | Forestry | ||
Devlin, M.J., J. Brodie. 2005. Terrestrial discharge into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon: nutrient behavior in coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:9-22. | 2005 | Australia; Europe | GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Duvat, V. 2005. Coral reef coasts in small islands of the western Indian Ocean. First part. Geomorphology [Les littoraux coralliens des petites îles de l'ouest de l'ocean Indien. Premiere partie. Geomorphologie]. Oceanis 31:Jan-90. | 2005 | Global; Indian Ocean; Seychelles; Maldives; India | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Scientific Research; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Duvat, V. 2005. Coral reef coasts in small islands of the western Indian Ocean. Second part. Development and management [Les littoraux coralliens des petites îles de l'ouest de l'ocean Indien. Seconde partie. Amenagement et gestion]. Oceanis 31:195-341. | 2005 | Indian Ocean; India | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research |
Epstein, N., M. J. A. Vermeij, R. P. M. Bak, and B. Rinkevich. 2005. Alleviating impacts of anthropogenic activities by traditional conservation measures: Can a small reef reserve be sustainedly managed? Biological Conservation 121:243-255. | 2005 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral | |
Fauth, J. E., P. Dustan, E. Ponte, K. Banks, B. Vargas-Angel, and C. A. Downs. 2005. Final report: southeast Florida coral biomarker local action study. | 2005 | Florida; Bahamas | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Stony Coral; Substrate |
Fernandes, L., J. Day, A. Lewis, S. Slegers, B. Kerrigan, D. Breen, D. Cameron, B. Jago, J. Hall, D. Lowe, J. Innes, J. Tanzer, V. Chadwick, L. Thompson, K. Gorman, M. Simmons, B. Barnett, K. Sampson, G. De�Ath, B. Mapstone, H. Marsh, H. Possingham, I. Ball, T. Ward, K. Dobbs, J. Aumend, D. Slater, and K. Stapleton. 2005. Establishing representative no-take areas in the great barrier reef: Large-scale implementation of theory on marine protected areas. Conservation Biology 19:1733-1744. | 2005 | Global; Australia; Japan | Cultural Protections; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas | |
Finkl, C. W., L. Benedet, and J. L. Andrews. 2005. Interpretation of seabed geomorphology based on spatial analysis of high-density airborne laser bathymetry. Journal of Coastal Research 21:501-514. | 2005 | Florida | Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Finkl, C. W., R. H. Charlier, and S. L. Krupa. 2005. Vulnerability of coastal environments to land use and abuse: The example of southeast Florida. International Journal of Environmental Studies 62:535-554. | 2005 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Gjertsen, H. 2005. Can habitat protection lead to improvements in human well-being? Evidence from marine protected areas in the Philippines. World Development 33:199-217. | 2005 | Philippines | Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | |
Govender, Y., M. R. Jury, A. Mthembu, S. Hatesse, and E. Bulfoni. 2005. Socio-economic status and development potential for a rural community on the Maputaland coast of South Africa. South African Geographical Journal 87:37-42. | 2005 | Indian Ocean; India; South Africa | Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Tourism & Recreation | |
Greiner, R., A. Herr, J. Brodie, and D. Haynes. 2005. A multi-criteria approach to Great Barrier Reef catchment (Queensland, Australia) diffuse-source pollution problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:128-137. | 2005 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Gribble, N. A. 2005. MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand. | 2005 | Australia | Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation |
Hunter Jr., M. L. 2005. A mesofilter conservation strategy to complement fine and coarse filters. Conservation Biology 19:1025-1029. | 2005 | Agriculture; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Keller, B. D. and B. D. Causey. 2005. Linkages between the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Initiative. Ocean and Coastal Management 48:869-900. | 2005 | Florida | Agriculture; Marine Protected Areas | |
Marchetti, D. W. and T. E. Cerling. 2005. Cosmogenic 3He exposure ages of Pleistocene debris flows and desert pavements in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Geomorphology 67:423-435. | 2005 | Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
McClanahan, T. R., S. Mwaguni, and N. A. Muthiga. 2005. Management of the Kenyan coast. Ocean and Coastal Management 48:901-931. | 2005 | Kenya | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing Sector; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation | |
Nakamura, T. and H. Yamasaki. 2005. Requirement of water-flow for sustainable growth of Pocilloporid corals during high temperature periods. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:1115-1120. | 2005 | Stony Coral | ||
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. | 2005 | India | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Remediation; Security Policies; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies |
O'Reagain, P. J., J. Brodie, G. Fraser, J. J. Bushell, C. H. Holloway, J. W. Faithful, and D. Haynes. 2005. Nutrient loss and water quality under extensive grazing in the upper Burdekin river catchment, North Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:37-50. | 2005 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Overfield, M. L. 2005. Corrosion on Deep Gulf Shipwrecks of World War II. Pages 11242-11248 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. | 2005 | South & Central America; Mexico | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills |
Peterson, C. H. and M. J. Bishop. 2005. Assessing the environmental impacts of beach nourishment. Bioscience 55:887-896. | 2005 | Global | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Mitigation; Sea Turtles; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Petit, C. C. and J. J. Vandenabeele. 2005. Supporting coastal and lake applications with the help of remote sensing. Pages 2771-2774 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). | 2005 | Indonesia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Coastal Development; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Sediment |
Powell, B. and M. Martens. 2005. A review of acid sulfate soil impacts, actions and policies that impact on water quality in Great Barrier Reef catchments, including a case study on remediation at East Trinity. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:149-164. | 2005 | Australia | Review; GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Cyanobacteria; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Fish; Microorganisms; Remediation; Wetlands |
Rasiah, V, J. D. Armour, and A. L. Cogle. 2005. Assessment of variables controlling nitrate dynamics in groundwater: Is it a threat to surface aquatic ecosystems? Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:60-69. | 2005 | Australia | Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Rigby, J. K. and G. L. Bell. 2005. A new hexactinellid sponge from the reef trail member of the upper Guadalupian bell canyon formation, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 79:200-204. | 2005 | Sponges | ||
Rinkevich, B. 2005. Conservation of coral reefs through active restoration measures: Recent approaches and last decade progress. Environmental Science and Technology 39:4333-4342. | 2005 | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Substrate; Wetland & Reef Restoration | |
Sadovy, Y. 2005. Trouble on the reef: The imperative for managing vulnerable and valuable fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 6:167-185. | 2005 | Global | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Live Collection | |
Schleyer, M. H. and L. Celliers. 2005. Modelling reef zonation in the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park, South Africa. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 63:373-384. | 2005 | Global; South Africa | Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Decision Support; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands |
Schweizer, D., R. A. Armstrong, and J. Posada. 2005. Remote sensing characterization of benthic habitats and submerged vegetation biomass in Los Roques Archipelago National Park, Venezuela. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26:2657-2667. | 2005 | Venezuela | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Seagrasses |
Smith, S. A. and E. Bermingham. 2005. The biogeography of lower Mesoamerican freshwater fishes. Journal of Biogeography 32:1835-1854. | 2005 | Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama | Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Yanez-Arancibia, A. and J. W. Day. 2005. Environmental sub-regions in the Gulf of Mexico coastal zone: The ecosystem approach as an integrated management tool. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:727-757. | 2005 | Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; Mexico | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Apex Fish Predators; Cultural Policies; Discharges; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands |
Yu, K.-F. 2005. The coral reef at Dengloujiao, Leizhou Peninsula, northern coast of the South China Sea - Its ecology and sustainable development as a resource. Acta Ecologica Sinica 25:669-675. | 2005 | Southeast Asia; China | Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation |
Zaczek-Peplinska, J. 2005. Testing changes of landscape form shapes - Experiences from research and didactic projects implemented in \the migrating dunes\" reserve area [Badanie zmian kształtu formy krajobrazowej - Doświadczenia z projektow naukowo-dydaktycznych realizowanych w. Pages 365-372 Prace Naukowe Instytutu Gornictwa Politechniki Wroclawskiej. | 2005 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Mining Policies | |
Ashworth, J. S., R. F. G. Ormond, and H. T. Sturrock. 2004. Effects of reef-top gathering and fishing on invertebrate abundance across take and no-take zones. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 303:221-242. | 2004 | Egypt | Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Sea Urchins | |
Asoh, K., T. Yoshikawa, R. Kosaki, and E. A. Marschall. 2004. Damage to cauliflower coral by monofilament fishing lines in Hawaii. Conservation Biology 18:1645-1650. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Finfish Harvest; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation | |
Baron, R. M., L. K. B. Jordan, and R. E. Spieler. 2004. Characterization of the marine fish assemblage associated with the nearshore hardbottom of Broward County, Florida, USA. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 60:431-443. | 2004 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean | Index or Indicator | Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Beck, M. W., T. D. Marsh, S. E. Reisewitz, and M. L. Bortman. 2004. New tools for marine conservation: The leasing and ownership of submerged lands. Conservation Biology 18:1214-1223. | 2004 | Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Aquaculture; Bivalves; Seagrasses; Sponges | |
Beger, M., A. R. Harborne, T. P. Dacles, J.-L. Solandt, and G. L. Ledesma. 2004. A framework of lessons learned from community-based marine reserves and its effectiveness in guiding a new coastal management initiative in the Philippines. Environmental Management 34:786-801. | 2004 | Philippines | Review | Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management |
Burke, L. and J. Maidens. 2004. Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. | 2004 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Model | Climate; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Claudet, J. and D. Pelletier. 2004. Marine protected areas and artificial reefs: A review of the interactions between management and scientific studies. Aquatic Living Resource 17:129-138. | 2004 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Scientific Research | |
Davis, K. L. F., G. R. Russ, D. H. Williamson, and R. D. Evans. 2004. Surveillance and poaching on inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Coastal Management 32:373-387. | 2004 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation |
Deutsch, L., C. Folke, and K. Ska�nberg. 2004. The critical natural capital of ecosystem performance as insurance for human well-being. Ecological Economics 44:205-217. | 2004 | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research | |
Dollar, S.J., R.W. Grigg. 2004. Anthropogenic and Natural Stresses on Selected Coral Reefs in Hawai'i: A Multidecade Synthesis of Impact and Recovery. Pacific Science 58:281-304. | 2004 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring | Hotel & Food Services; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2004. Southeast Florida coral reef initiative: a local action strategy. | 2004 | Florida | Coastal Development; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest | |
Flynn, A. M. 2004. Marine protected areas: federal legal authority. Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC. | 2004 | Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | ||
Grigg, R. W. 2004. Harvesting impacts and invasion by an Alien species decrease estimates of black coral yield off Maui, Hawai'i. Pacific Science 58:6-Jan. | 2004 | Fishing Sector; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Special Use Permitting | ||
Guzman, H. M., C. A. Guevara, and O. Breedy. 2004. Distribution, diversity, and conservation of coral reefs and coral communities in the largest marine protected area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island). Environmental Conservation 31:111-121. | 2004 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama | Algae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Octocoral; Stony Coral | |
Jameson, S. C., R. A. Kelty. 2004. A review of indicators of land-based pollution stress on coral reefs. Honolulu, HI. | 2004 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Special Use Permitting | |
Karr, J. R. 2004. Beyond definitions: maintaining biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health in national wildlife refuges. Natural Resources Journal 44:1067-1092. | 2004 | |||
Lapointe, B. E., P. J. Barile, and W. R. Matzie. 2004. Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of seagrass and coral reef communities in the Lower Florida Keys: Discrimination of local versus regional nitrogen sources. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 308:23-58. | 2004 | Global; Florida | Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Lynch, T.P., E. Wilkinson, L. Melling, R. Hamilton, A. Macready, and S. Feary. 2004. Conflict and Impacts of Divers and Anglers in a Marine Park. Environmental Management 33:196-211. | 2004 | Australia; Cuba | Apex Fish Predators; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Mendoza Baldwin, E. G. and R. Silva Casarin. 2004. Beach profile model in the presence of submerged protection structures [Modelo de perfil de playa en presencia de estructuras sumergidas de proteccion]. Ingenieria Hidraulica en Mexico 19:16-May. | 2004 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Artificial Habitat; Beaches & Nature Parks; Shoreline Protection | |
Mumby, P. J., A. J. Edwards, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, K. C. Lindeman, P. G. Blackwell, A. Gall, M. I. Gorczynska, A. R. Harborne, C. L. Pescod., H. Renken, C. C. C. Wabnitz, and G. Llewenyn. 2004. Mangroves enhance the biomass of coral reef fish communities in the Caribbean. Nature 427:533-536. | 2004 | Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean | Commercial Fisheries; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Small Herbivorous Fish | |
Orpin, A. R., P. V. Ridd, S. Thomas, K. R. N. Anthony, P. Marshall, and J. Oliver. 2004. Natural turbidity variability and weather forecasts in risk management of anthropogenic sediment discharge near sensitive environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49:602-612. | 2004 | Australia | Coastal Development; Discharges; Sediment | |
Oyawa, W. O. 2004. Eco-materials for developing countries. Structural Engineering International: Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) 14:208-212. | 2004 | Global; Kenya | ||
Pavageau, J. 2004. Research in human sciences and management of protected areas [La recherche en sciences humaines et la gestion des aires protegees]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 59:71-76. | 2004 | Global; Reunion | Tourism & Recreation; Valuation | |
Pomeroy, R. S., J. E. Parks, and L. M. Watson. 2004. How is your MPA doing? a guidebook of natural and social indicators for evaluating marine protected area management effectiveness. he World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. | 2004 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies | |
Rockloff, S. F. and S. Lockie. 2004. Participatory tools for coastal zone management: Use of stakeholder analysis and social mapping in Australia. Journal of Coastal Conservation 10:81-92. | 2004 | Australia | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research |
Thompson, G., R. Smith, A. Lunn, D. Hutt, D. W. Burlton, and A. Charman. 2004. Bogged down with conservation work: Restoration of internationally important mire sites in Northern England. Biologist 51:45-48. | 2004 | England | Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
van Duin, M. J. P., N. R. Wiersma, D. J. R. Walstra, L. C. van Rijn, and M. J. F. Stive. 2004. Nourishing the shoreface: Observations and hindcasting of the Egmond case, The Netherlands. Coastal Engineering 51:813-837. | 2004 | Model | Sediment; Shoreline Protection | |
Weight, A. 2004. Artificial reef in Newquay, UK. Pages 87-95 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Municipal Engineer. | 2004 | Artificial Habitat; Coastal Engineering; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Williamson, D. H., G. R. Russ, and A. M. Ayling. 2004. No-take marine reserves increase abundance and biomass of reef fish on inshore fringing reefs of the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Conservation 31:149-159. | 2004 | Australia | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas | |
Aubanel, A., C. Monier, A. Benet, J.-A. Di Jorio, and B. Salvat. 2003. Management plan for marine environment in French Polynesia [Les plans de gestion de l'espace maritime en Polynesie Francaise]. Oceanis 29:375-395. | 2003 | Special Use Permitting | ||
Borghesio, L. and P. K. Ndang'ang'a. 2003. Habitat selection and the conservation status of Fischer's turaco Tauraco fischen on Unguja, Tanzania. ORYX 37:444-453. | 2003 | Tanzania | Agriculture; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Brammer, C. A. and J. F. MacDonald. 2003. Benthic insect fauna of a clean-water stream on Utah's Colorado Plateau, USA. Western North American Naturalist 63:21-34. | 2003 | Index or Indicator | Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Caviglia-Harris, J. L., J. R. Kahn, and T. Green. 2003. Demand-side policies for environmental protection and sustainable usage of renewable resources. Ecological Economics 45:119-132. | 2003 | Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | ||
Cheevaporn, V. and P. Menasveta. 2003. Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:43-51. | 2003 | Thailand | Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Plankton; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges | |
Colin, P. 2003. National strategies for coral reefs [Les actions nationales en faveur des recifs coralliens]. Oceanis 29:429-440. | 2003 | France | Monetary Valuation | |
Finkl, C. W. and R. H. Charlier. 2003. Sustainability of Subtropical Coastal Zones in Southeastern Florida: Challenges for Urbanized Coastal Environments Threatened by Development, Pollution, Water Supply, and Storm Hazards. Journal of Coastal Research 19:934-943. | 2003 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba | Model | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Remediation; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water; Wetlands |
Fourqurean, J. W., J. N. Boyer, M. J. Durako, L. N. Hefty, and B. J. Peterson. 2003. Forecasting response of seagrass distributions to changing water quality using monitoring data. Ecological Applications 13:474-489. | 2003 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Gabrie, C., M. Oberlinkens, M. Porcher, and J.-P. Quod. 2003. A management plan for the lagoon of Mayotte [Plan de gestion du lagon de Mayotte]. Oceanis 29:355-373. | 2003 | Mayotte | Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas | |
Ghina, F. 2003. Sustainable development in small island developing states: The case of the Maldvies. Environment, Development and Sustainability 5:139-165. | 2003 | Indian Ocean; Maldives; India | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Tourism & Recreation | |
Griffiths, D. J. and M. L. Saker. 2003. The Palm Island mystery disease 20 years on: A review of research on the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin. Environmental Toxicology 18:78-93. | 2003 | Australia | Review | Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Pathogens |
Guzman, H. M., C. Guevara, and A. Castillo. 2003. Natural Disturbances and Mining of Panamanian Coral Reefs by Indigenous People. Conservation Biology 17:1396-1401. | 2003 | South & Central America; Panama; India; Caribbean | Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Hoitink, A. J. F. 2003. Physics of coral reef systems in a shallow tidal embayment. Nederlandse Geografische Studies 313:11-141. | 2003 | Global | Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Discharges; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Karr, J. R. and D. N. Kimberling. 2003. A terrestrial arthropod index of biological integrity for shrub-steppe landscapes. Northwest Science 77:202-213. | 2003 | Lab Study; Index or Indicator | Arthropods; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Toxics | |
Kuijper, M. W. M. 2003. Marine and coastal environmental awareness building within the context of UNESCO's activities in Asia and the Pacific. Marine Pollution Bulletin 47:265-272. | 2003 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Thailand; Solomon Islands; Samoa; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines | Field Study & Monitoring | Cultural Protections |
Lindsey, G., J. A. Todd, and S. J. Hayter. 2003. A Handbook for Planning and Conducting Charrettes for High-Performance Projects. NREL/BK-710-33425, National Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, (Colorado, USA). | 2003 | Collaboration & Partnering; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Lirman, D., B. Orlando, S. Macia, D. Manzello, L. Kaufman, P. Biber, and T. Jones. 2003. Coral communities of Biscayne Bay, Florida and adjacent offshore areas: Diversity, abundance, distribution, and environmental correlates. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 13:121-135. | 2003 | Florida | Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Complex Habitat & Resources; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Stow, C. A., C. Roessler, M. E. Borsuk, J. D. Bowen, and K. H. Reckhow. 2003. Comparison of Estuarine Water Quality Models for Total Maximum Daily Load Development in Neuse River Estuary. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 307-314. | 2003 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Model; Index or Indicator | Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector. | 2003 | Cuba | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Recreational Fishing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators |
United Nations Environment Program - Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (UNEP/GPA). 2003. Diagnosis of the erosion processes in the Caribbean sandy beaches. Environmental Agency, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Government of Cuba, Cuba. | 2003 | Global; South & Central America; Cuba; Belize; Caribbean; Mexico | Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation | |
Williams, J. C., G. V. Byrd, and N. B. Konyukhov. 2003. Whiskered Auklets Aethia pygmaea, foxes, humans and how to right a wrong. Marine Ornithology 31:175-180. | 2003 | Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Plankton; Special Use Permitting | ||
Abuodha, J. O. Z. 2002. Environmental impact assessment of the proposed titanium mining project in Kwale District, Kenya. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 20:199-207. | 2002 | Kenya | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Mining Policies; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Whales & Dolphins |
Balmford, A., A. Bruner, P. Cooper, R. Costanza, S. Farber, R. E. Green, M. Jenkins, P. Jefferiss, V. Jessamy, J. Madden, K. Munro, N. Myers, S. Naeem, J. Paavola, M. Rayment, S. Rosendo, J. Roughgarden, K. Trumper, and R. K. Turner. 2002. Ecology: Economic reasons for conserving wild nature. Science 297:950-953. | 2002 | Global | ||
Berkelmans, R., J. C. Hendee, P. A. Marshall, P. V. Ridd, A. R. Orpin, and D. Irvine. 2002. Automatic weather stations: Tools for managing and monitoring potential impacts to coral reefs. Marine Technology Society Journal 36:29-38. | 2002 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research | |
Bouchet, P., P. Lozouet, P. Maestrati, and V. Heros. 2002. Assessing the magnitude of species richness in tropical marine environments: Exceptionally high numbers of molluscs at a New Caledonia site. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75:421-436. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Molluscs | |
Buckley, R. 2002. Surf tourism and sustainable development in Indo-Pacific Islands. I. The industry and the islands. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10:405-424. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Textiles & Apparel; Tourism & Recreation | |
Buckley, R. 2002. Surf tourism and sustainable development in Indo-Pacific Islands. II. Recreational capacity management and case study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 10:425-442. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia | Agriculture; Cultural Policies; Forestry; Housing; Infrastructure; Social Organizations; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators | |
Burke, L, L. Selig, and M. Spalding. 2002. Reefs at risk in southeast Asia. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. | 2002 | Southeast Asia | Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Stony Coral |
Choudhury, S. B., K. H. Rao, and M. V. Rao. 2002. Sattelite remote sensing for marine resources assessment. Tropical Ecology 43:187-202. | 2002 | India | Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands |
Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome. | 2002 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Cook, C. B., E. M. Mueller, M. D. Ferrier, and E. Annis. 2002. The influence of nearshore waters on corals of the Florida Reef Tract. Pages 771-788 in J. W. Porter and K. G. Porter, editors. The Everglades, Florida Bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: and ecosystem sourcebook. CRC Press, Boca Raton. | 2002 | Florida | ||
Courtney, C. A., A. T. White, and E. Deguit. 2002. Building Philippine Local Government capacity for coastal resource management. Coastal Management 30:27-45. | 2002 | Philippines | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Resource Use Management | |
Crosby, M. P., G. Brighouse, and M. Pichon. 2002. Priorities and strategies for addressing natural and anthropogenic threats to coral reefs in Pacific Island Nations. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:121-137. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia | Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Recreational Opportunities | |
Dahdouh-Guebas, F. 2002. The use of remote sensing and GIS in the sustainable management of tropical coastal ecosystems. Environment, Development and Sustainability 4:93-112. | 2002 | Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Mangroves; Mitigation; Seagrasses | |
Day, J. C. 2002. Zoning - Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:139-156. | 2002 | Australia; United Kingdom | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Don, C. 2002. Could the San Juan Islands National Wildlife Refuge serve to protect marine areas? Building on existing institutions and legal authorities to create marine protected areas. Coastal Management 30:421-426. | 2002 | Collaboration & Partnering; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Dunne Jr., W. M. 2002. Bacterial adhesion: Seen any good biofilms lately? Clinical Microbiology Reviews 15:155-166. | 2002 | Model | Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Plankton | |
Francis, J., A. Nilsson, and D. Waruinge. 2002. Marine protected areas in the Eastern African Region: How successful are they? Ambio 31:503-511. | 2002 | Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Comoros; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius | Review; Index or Indicator | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Corporate Responses; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting |
Grabowski, H. G., J. Vernon, and J. A. DiMasi. 2002. Returns on research and development for the 1990s new drug introductions. PharmacoEconomics 20:11-29. | 2002 | Monetary Valuation; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources | ||
Hoffmann, T. C. 2002. Coral reef health and effects of socio-economic factors in Fiji and Cook Islands. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:1281-1293. | 2002 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji; Cook Islands | Pathogens; Skeletal Coral | |
Jackson, C. Rhett; Kolka, Randy. 2002. Forestry Best Management Practices And Their Effectiveness. in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. | 2002 | Chemical Use Regulations; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Forestry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Koskela, R. W., P. Ringeltaube, A. R. Small, T. V. Koskela, A. R. Fraser, J. D. Lee, and P. Marshall. 2002. Using predictive monitoring to mitigate construction impacts in sensitive marine environments. Pages 1-15 in Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology. | 2002 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Ports & Harbors |
Kuhlmann, K.-J. 2002. Evaluations of marine reserves as basis to develop alternative livelihoods in coastal areas of the Philippines. Aquaculture International 10:527-549. | 2002 | Philippines | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Aquaculture; Echinoderms; Fish; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation |
Miller, S. L., D. W. Swanson, and M. Chiappone. 2002. Multiple spatial scale assessment of coral reef and hard-bottom community structure in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Pages 69-74 in Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium. | 2002 | Florida | Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Octocoral | |
Muchammed, M. V. and I. O. Shilov. 2002. Environmental impact of socioeconomic activity on the Egyptian Red sea coastal zone. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, Seriya Geologiya i Geografiya 2002:92-98. | 2002 | Egypt | Climate; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation | |
Porter, J. W., V. Kosmynin, K. L. Patterson, K. G. Porter, W. C. Jaap, J. L. Wheaton, K. Hackett, M. Lybolt, C. P. Tsokos, G. Yanev, D. M. Marcinek, J. Dotten, D. Eaken, M. Patterson, O. W. Meier, M. Brill, and P. Dustan. 2002. Detection of coral reef change by Florida Keys Coral Reef Monitoring Project. Pages 749-769 in J. W. Porter and K. G. Porter, editors. The Everglades, Florida bay, and coral reefs of the Florida Keys: and ecosystem sourcebook. | 2002 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Pathogens |
Rashleigh, Brenda. 2002. Ecological Endpoint Modeling For Tmdls: Effects Of Sediment On Fish Populations. Pages 850-858 in Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation. | 2002 | Model | Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Reed, J. K. 2002. Deep-water Oculina coral reefs of Florida: Biology, impacts, and management. Hydrobiologia 471:43-55. | 2002 | Florida | Review | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Skeletal Coral; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Richmond, R., R. Kelty, P. Craig, C. Emaurois, A. Green, C. Birkeland, G. Davis, A. Edward, Y. Golbuu, J. Gutierrez, P. Houk, N. Idechong, J. Maragos, G. Paulay, J. Starmer, A. Tafileichig, M. Trianni, and N. V. Velde. 2002. Status of the coral reefs in micronesia and American Samoa: US affiliated and freely associated islands in the Pacific. Pages 217-236 in C.R. Wilkinson, editor. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2002. GCRMN Report. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. | 2002 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Palau; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Seastars; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes |
Sponaugle, S., R. K. Cowen, A. Shanks, S. G. Morgan, J. M. Leis, J. Pineda, G. W. Boehlert, M. J. Kingsford, K. C. Lindeman, C. Grimes, and J. L. Munro. 2002. Predicting self-recruitment in marine populations: Biophysical correlates and mechanisms. Bulletin of Marine Science 70:341-375. | 2002 | Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Physical Variables; Seawater Flow | ||
Suganuma, U. 2002. Economic growth vs. environmental conservation in Okinawa: The case of the Ishigaki Island airport construction. Regional Development Dialogue 23:69-82. | 2002 | Civil Engineering & Construction; Land & Air Transportation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | ||
Torres, J. L. and J. Morelock. 2002. Effect of terrigenous sediment influx on coral cover and linear extension rates of three Caribbean massive coral species. Caribbean Journal of Science 38:222-229. | 2002 | South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean | Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Turgeon, D. D., R. G. Asch, B. D. Causey, R. E. Dodge, W. Jaap, K. Banks, J. Delaney, B. D. Keller, R. Speiler, C. A. Matos, J. R. Garcia, E. Diaz, D. Catanzaro, C. S. Rogers, Z. Hillis-Starr, R. Nemeth, M. Taylor, G. P. Schmahl, M. W. Miller, D. A. Gulko, J. E. Maragos, A. M. Friedlander, C. L. Hunter, R. S. Brainard, P. Craig, R. H. Richond, G. Davis, J. Starmer, M. Trianni, P. Houk, C. E. Birkeland, A. Edward, Y. Golbuu, J. Gutierrez, N. Idechong, G. Paulay, A. Tafileichig, and N. V. Velde. 2002. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2002. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD. | 2002 | Global; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; Guam | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Invasive Species; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Warn, S. 2002. Sustainable management of coral reefs. Geography Review 15:6-Feb. | 2002 | Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Warren, A. L. 2002. Flood risk management for a Caribbean island. Water Management 154:199-205. | 2002 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Infrastructure; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Wozencraft, J. M. 2002. Complete coastal mapping with airborne lidar. Pages 1194-1198 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 2002 | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Water Depth & Sea Level | |
[No author name available]. 2001. News: Protection for sponge gardens. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:4. | 2001 | Australia | Marine Birds; Sea Turtles; Sponges | |
[No author name available]. 2001. WWF calls for more action on global warning. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:253. | 2001 | Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean | Climate; CO2; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves | |
Bingham, B. L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40:81-251. | 2001 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation |
Brodie, J., C. Christie, M. Devlin, D. Haynes, S. Morris, M. Ramsay, J. Waterhouse, and H. Yorkston. 2001. Catchment management and the Great Barrier Reef. Water Science and Technology 43:203-211. | 2001 | Australia | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment | |
Brown, K., W. Neil Adger, E. Tompkins, P. Bacon, D. Shim, and K. Young. 2001. Trade-off analysis for marine protected area management. Ecological Economics 37:417-434. | 2001 | South & Central America; Tobago; Caribbean | Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation | |
Cain, J. 2001. Planning improvements in natural resources management: Guidelines for using Bayesian networks to support the planning and management of development programmes in the water sector and beyond. Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford (Oxon, UK). | 2001 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Resource Use Management | |
Chaston, K.A.V. 2001. Sediment Nutrient Bioavailability in a Sub-tropical Catchment Dominated by Agriculture: The transition from Land to Sea. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland. | 2001 | Australia | Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Chevalier, F., J.-P. Garcia, D. Quesne, M. Guiraud, and J.-C. Menot. 2001. Correlations and genetic stratigraphy through Oxfordian reefal formations in the upper Yonne valley (southern Paris basin, France) [Correlations et interpretations genetiques dans les formations recifales oxfordiennes de la haute vallee de l'Yonne. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 172:69-84. | 2001 | France | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Landuse Management; Permitting & Zoning; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes |
Domroes, M. 2001. Conceptualising state-controlled resort islands for an environment-friendly development of tourism: The Maldivian experience. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 22:122-137. | 2001 | Maldives | Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation | |
Elliott, G., B. Mitchell, B. Wiltshire, I. A. Manan, and S. Wismer. 2001. Community participation in marine protected area management Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coastal Management 29:295-316. | 2001 | Indonesia | Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation | |
Gorfine, H. K., B. L. Taylor, and T. I. Walker. 2001. Triggers and targets: What are we aiming for with abalone fisheries models in Australia? Journal of Shellfish Research 20:803-811. | 2001 | Australia | Model; Index or Indicator | Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector |
Heyman, W. D., R. T. Graham, B. Kjerfve, and R. E. Johannes. 2001. Whale sharks Rhincodon typus aggregate to feed on fish spawn in Belize. Marine Ecology Progress Series 215:275-282. | 2001 | South & Central America; Belize | Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation | |
Jokiel, P. L. and J. Naughton. 2001. Coral reef mitigation and restoration techniques employed in the Pacific Islands: II. Guidelines. Pages 313-316 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 2001 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Landuse Management; Mitigation | |
Mikkelsen, P. M. and J. Cracraft. 2001. Marine biodiversity and the need for systematic inventories. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:525-534. | 2001 | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Echinoderms; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges | |
Munoz-Perez, J. J., B. Lopez De San Roman-Blanco, J. M. Gutierrez-Mas, L. Moreno, and G. J. Cuena. 2001. Cost of beach maintenance in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Spain). Coastal Engineering 42:143-153. | 2001 | Spain | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Sediment |
Nemeth, R. S. and J. Sladek Nowlis. 2001. Monitoring the effects of land development on the near-shore reef environment of St. Thomas, USVI. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:759-775. | 2001 | US Virgin Islands | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscaping & Household Services; Octocoral; Sediment; Sponges |
Obura, D. O. 2001. Kenya. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1264-1278. | 2001 | Indian Ocean; Somalia; Kenya; India | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation |
Olson, M. D. 2001. Development discourse and the politics of environmental ideologies in Samoa. Society and Natural Resources 14:399-410. | 2001 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman; Samoa | Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Petersen, D. and R. Tollrian. 2001. Methods to enhance sexual recruitment for restoration of damaged reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:989-1000. | 2001 | Florida | Lab Study | Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Sediment; Stony Coral |
Salafsky, N., H. Cauley, G. Balachander, B. Cordes, J. Parks, C. Margoluis, S. Bhatt, C. Encarnacion, D. Russell, and R. Margoluis. 2001. A systematic test of an enterprise strategy for community-based biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology 15:1585-1595. | 2001 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Tourism & Recreation | |
Schott, J. R., J. A. Barsi, B. L. Nordgren, N. G. Raqueno, and D. De Alwis. 2001. Calibration of Landsat thermal data and application to water resource studies. Remote Sensing of Environment 78:108-117. | 2001 | Model; GIS & Maps | Landuse Management; Sediment | |
Walker, J., B. Mitchell, and S. Wismer. 2001. Livelihood strategy approach to community-based planning andassessment: A case study of Molas, Indonesia. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 19:297-309. | 2001 | Indonesia | Cultural Policies; Tourism & Recreation | |
Wheaton, J., W.C. Japp, J.W. Porter, V. Kosminyn, K. Hackett, M. Lybolt, M.K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Kupfner, C. Tsokos, G. Yanev. 2001. EPA/FKNMS Coral Reef Monitoring Project. | 2001 | Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
[No author name available]. 2000. First International Symposium on Carbonate Sand Beaches 2000. in Carbonate Beaches 2000. | 2000 | Remote Sensing | ||
Alder, J., R. Hilliard, and G. Pobar. 2000. Integrated marine planning for Cocos (Keeling), an isolated Australian Atoll (Indian Ocean). Coastal Management 28:109-117. | 2000 | Australia; Indian Ocean; India | Cultural Policies | |
Baker, J. 2000. The Eastern Bristlebird: Cover-dependent and fire-sensitive. Emu 100:286-298. | 2000 | Littering | ||
Ball, I. and H. Possingham. 2000. Marxan (v1.8.2): Marine reserve design using spatially explicit annealing. University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. | 2000 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management | |
Boak, L., J. McGrath, and L. A. Jackson. 2000. IENCE - A case study - The northern gold coast beach protection strategy. Pages 3710-3717 in Coastal Engineering 2000 - Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ICCE 2000. | 2000 | Australia | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Engineering; Infrastructure; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Botero, L. and R. Alvarez-Leon. 2000. The Caribbean coast of Colombia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 663-675. | 2000 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Cultural Policies; Road Construction & Maintenance; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies | |
Cesar, H .J. S., M. C. Ohman, P. Espeut, and M. Honkanen. 2000. An economic valuation of Portland Bight, Jamaica: an integrated terrestrial and marine protected area. Working paper 00/03. Institute for Environmental Studie, Free University, Amsterdam. | 2000 | Jamaica | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation; Wetlands | |
Cesar, H. S. J., editor. 2000. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Jamaica; India; Indonesia; Philippines | Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Marine Protected Areas; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands |
Christiansen, I. and R. Hunt. 2000. Research, extension and industry - Working together can achieve results. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:310-318. | 2000 | Australia | Model | Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Cooke, A., O. Ratomahenina, E. Ranaivoson, and H. Razafindrainibe. 2000. Madagascar. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 113-131. | 2000 | Mozambique; Madagascar | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Aquaculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Nutrients; Sediment; Special Use Permitting |
Cotsapas, L., S. A. Zengel, and E. J. Barraza. 2000. El Salvador. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 545-558. | 2000 | Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Wastewater Discharge | ||
Courtney, C. A. and A. T. White. 2000. Integrated coastal management in the Philippines: Testing new paradigms. Coastal Management 28:39-53. | 2000 | Philippines | Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management | |
Craig, P., S. Saucerman, and S. Wiegman. 2000. The central South Pacific Ocean (American Samoa). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 765-772. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean; Samoa; American Samoa | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Special Use Permitting | |
Crosby, M. P., A. Abu-Hilal, A. Al-Homoud, J. Erez, and R. Ortal. 2000. Interactions among scientists, managers and the public in defining research priorities and management strategies for marine and coastal resources: Is the Red Sea Marine Peace Park a new paradigm? Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 123:581-594. | 2000 | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management | |
Debrot, A. O. and J. Sybesma. 2000. The Dutch Antilles. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 595-614. | 2000 | South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean | GIS & Maps | Coastal Development; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges |
DIXON, J. A., L. F. SCURA, and T. VAN�T HOF. 2000. An Economic and Ecological Analysis of the Bonaire Marine Park. | 2000 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Dustan, P. 2000. Florida Keys. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 405-414. | 2000 | Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Pipelines; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation |
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. | 2000 | Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Finkl, C. W., S. M. Khalil, and R. H. Spadoni. 2000. A geomorphological approach to carbonate sand searches. Pages 53-66 in Carbonate Beaches 2000. | 2000 | Florida | Model; GIS & Maps | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment |
Foale, S. and M. Macintyre. 2000. Dynamic and flexible aspects of land and marine tenure at West Nggela: Implications for marine resource management. Oceania 71:30-45. | 2000 | Model | Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Resource Use Management | |
Gladstone, W. 2000. The ecological and social basis for management of a Red Sea marine-protected area. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:1015-1032. | 2000 | Saudi Arabia | Field Study & Monitoring | Algae; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Seagrasses; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation |
Guard, M., A. J. Mmochi, and C. Horrill. 2000. Tanzania. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 83-98. | 2000 | Tanzania | Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation | |
Hajkowicz, S., M. Young, S. Wheeler, D. MacDonald, and D. Young. 2000. Supporting Decisions: Understanding Natural Resource Management Assessment Techniques - A report to the Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation. Primary Industries and Resources SA, Adelaide (South Australia). | 2000 | Australia | Agriculture; Drinking Water Supply; Resource Use Management; Salinity | |
Harborne, A. R., M. D. McField, and E. K. Delaney. 2000. Belize. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 501-516. | 2000 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation |
Hardman-Mountford, N. J., K. A. Koranteng, and A. R. G. Price. 2000. The Gulf of Guinea Large Marine Ecosystem. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 773-796. | 2000 | Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Salinity; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Haynes, D. and K. Michalek-Wagner. 2000. Water quality in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Past perspectives, current issues and new research directions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:428-434. | 2000 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Toxics |
Huber, M. E. 2000. Torres Strait and the Gulf of Papua. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 593-610. | 2000 | Australia; Papua New Guinea | Agriculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Huber, M. E. and G. B. K. Baines. 2000. The Coral, Solomon and Bismarck Seas Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 425-446. | 2000 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Solomon Islands; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Papua New Guinea | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Mangroves; Molluscs; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Wetlands |
Ibrahim, Z. Z., A. Arshad, L. S. Chong, J. S. Bujang, L. A. Theem, N. M. R. Abdullah, and M. M. Marghany. 2000. East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 345-359. | 2000 | Malaysia; China | Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Jaap, W. C. 2000. Coral reef restoration. Ecological Engineering 15:345-364. | 2000 | Florida | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Jeng, W.-L., C.-F. Dai, and K.-L. Fan. 2000. Taiwan Strait. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 499-512. | 2000 | China; Taiwan | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Non-point Source Runoff; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wastewater Discharge; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands |
Johnson, A. K. L. and S. P. Ebert. 2000. Quantifying inputs of pesticides to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park - A case study in the Herbert River catchment of North-East Queensland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:302-309. | 2000 | Australia | Agriculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Maloney, K. A., L. A. Maguire, and E. A. Lind. 2000. NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY MODELING AND MONITORING PROJECT STAGE 1: ASSESSMENT OF STAKEHOLDER INTEREST AND CONCERNS TO INFORM LONG-TERM MODELING. 50237, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, (NC, USA). | 2000 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Maragos, J. E. 2000. Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 791-812. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Invasive Species; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Military; Pathogens; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Marshall, P. A. 2000. Skeletal damage in reef corals: Relating resistance to colony morphology. Marine Ecology Progress Series 200:177-189. | 2000 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Stony Coral | |
Myers, M. and M. Whittington. 2000. Mozambique. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 99-112. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; Mozambique; Madagascar; India | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges | |
Nhan, D. D., N. X. Duc, D. H. Duong, N. T. Tiep, and B. C. Que. 2000. Vietnam and adjacent Bien Dong (South China Sea). Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 561-568. | 2000 | China; Vietnam | Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity | |
Nickerson-Tietze, D. J. 2000. Scientific characterization and monitoring: Its application to integrated coastal management in Malaysia. Ecological Applications 10:386-396. | 2000 | Malaysia | Field Study & Monitoring | Cultural Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation |
Nunn, P. D. 2000. Coastal changes over the past 200 years around Ovalau and Moturiki Islands, Fiji: Implications for coastal zone management. Australian Geographer 31:21-39. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji | Mangroves; Shoreline Protection | |
Oakley, S., N. Pilcher, and E. Wood. 2000. Borneo. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 361-379. | 2000 | Global; Malaysia; Indonesia | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Forestry; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Whales & Dolphins | |
Price, A. R. G. and S. Clark. 2000. The Maldives. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 199-219. | 2000 | Global; Seychelles; Maldives | Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Microorganisms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Ramachandran, S. 2000. The Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 189-197. | 2000 | India | Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation | |
Rao, D. V. S. 2000. The Bay of Bengal. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 269-284. | 2000 | Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Mitigation; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Rao, D. V. S. and F. Al-Yamani. 2000. The Arabian Gulf. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 16-Jan. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; India | Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fish; Invasive Species; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Plankton; Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Riegl, B. and W. E. Piller. 2000. Mapping of benthic habitats in northern Safaga Bay (Red Sea, Egypt): A tool for proactive management. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10:127-140. | 2000 | Egypt | GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Salafsky, N. and E. Wollenberg. 2000. Linking livelihoods and conservation: a conceptual framework and scale for assessing the integration of human needs and biodiversity. World Development 28:1421-1438. | 2000 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | ||
Schleyer, M. H., L. E. Beckley, S. T. Fennessy, P. J. Fielding, A. Govender, B. Q. Mann, W. D. Robertson, B. J. Tomalin, and R. P. Van Der Elst. 2000. South Africa. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 133-144. | 2000 | South Africa | Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Shivlani, M. P. and D. O. Suman. 2000. Dive operator use patterns in the designated no-take zones of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Environmental Management 25:647-659. | 2000 | Florida | GIS & Maps | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Landuse Management; Tourism & Recreation |
Soja, C. M., B. White, A. Antoshkina, S. Joyce, L. Mayhew, B. Flynn, and A. Gleason. 2000. Development and decline of a Silurian stromatolite reef complex, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Palaios 15:273-292. | 2000 | Sediment; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Tepsongkoh, P. 2000. Geoecology of Karst Topography in southern Thailand. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 122:247-272. | 2000 | Thailand; China | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation |
Thorburn, C. C. 2000. Changing customary marine resource management practice and institutions: The case of Sasi Lola in the Kei Islands, Indonesia. World Development 28:1461-1479. | 2000 | Indonesia | Field Study & Monitoring | Complex Habitat & Resources; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting |
Turner, J., C. Jago, D. Daby, and R. Klaus. 2000. The Mascarene Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 253-268. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Reunion; India | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands | |
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C. | 2000 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Vazquez, F., R. Rangel, A. M. Quintero-Marmol, J. Fernandez, E. Aguayo, A. Palacio, and V. K. Sharma. 2000. Southern Gulf of Mexico. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 467-482. | 2000 | South & Central America; Mexico | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Vierros, M. 2000. Jamaica. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 559-574. | 2000 | Jamaica | Algae; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Vuki, V. C., L. P. Zann, M. Naqasima, and M. Vuki. 2000. The Fiji Islands. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 751-764. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji | Corallivorous Fish; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Large Herbivorous Fish; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation | |
Waldman, M. and Y. Shevah. 2000. Biological diversity - An overview. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 123:299-310. | 2000 | Global | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Warnken, J. and R. Buckley. 2000. Monitoring diffuse impacts: Australian tourism developments. Environmental Management 25:453-461. | 2000 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation |
White, A. T., M. Ross, and M. Flores. 2000. Benefits and costs of coral reef and wetland management, Olango Island, Philippines. Pages 215-227 in H. S. J. Cesar, editor. Collected essays on the economics of coral reefs. CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden. | 2000 | Philippines | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation; Wetlands | |
Wong, P. P. 2000. Malacca Strait including Singapore and Johore Straits. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 331-344. | 2000 | Thailand; Malaysia; Southeast Asia; Indonesia | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Commercial Fisheries; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Hotel & Food Services; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands | |
Yap, H. T. 2000. The case for restoration of tropical coastal ecosystems. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:841-851. | 2000 | Global | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses | |
Zann, L. P. 2000. The Eastern Australian Region: A dynamic tropical/temperate biotone. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41:188-203. | 2000 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
[No author name available]. 1999. Proceedings of the Sand Rights'99. Bringing back the beaches. in Sand Rights 1999 Bringing Back the Beaches. | 1999 | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Security Policies; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Babcock, R. C., S. Kelly, N. T. Shears, J. W. Walker, and T. J. Willis. 1999. Changes in community structure in temperate marine reserves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 189:125-134. | 1999 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Primary Production; Sea Urchins | |
Boyer, J. N., J. W. Fourqurean, and R. D. Jones. 1999. Seasonal and Long-term Trends in the Water Quality of Florida Bay (1989-1997). Estuaries 22:417-430. | 1999 | Florida | Index or Indicator | Non-point Source Runoff; Plankton; Salinity; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow |
Cruickshank Michael, J. and JU N Dai. 1999. Progress in beach maintenance efforts for the State of Hawaii. Pages 277-283 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering | |
Cruickshank, M. J. 1999. Development of aggregate resources in Pacific tropical islands. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 17:101. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia; Samoa; Marshall Islands; American Samoa | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Shoreline Protection; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Goth, A. and U. Vogel. 1999. Notes on breeding and conservation of birds on Niuafo'ou Island, Kingdom of Tonga. Pacific Conservation Biology 5:103-114. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Tonga | Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Harper, D. M., M. Ebrahimnezhad, E. Taylor, S. Dickinson, O. Decamp, G. Verniers, and T. Balbi. 1999. A catchment-scale approach to the physical restoration of lowland UK rivers. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9:141-157. | 1999 | Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Heyman, W. D. and B. Kjerfve. 1999. Hydrological and oceanographic considerations for integrated coastal zone management in Southern Belize. Environmental Management 24:229-245. | 1999 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean | Model | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses |
Hinrichsen, D. 1999. Reefs at risk. Defenders 74:15-Jun. | 1999 | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Kunzmann, A. 1999. Korallen, Fischer und Touristen. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 51:25-32. | 1999 | Global; Philippines | Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Lee Long, W. J., R. G. Coles, and L. J. McKenzie. 1999. Issues for seagrass conservation management in Queensland. Pacific Conservation Biology 5:321-328. | 1999 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. | 1999 | Non-point Source Runoff; Shoreline Protection | ||
Nichols, K. 1999. Coming to terms with \Integrated Coastal Management\": Problems of meaning and method in a new arena of resource regulation". Professional Geographer 51:388-399. | 1999 | Global; Sri Lanka | Review | Special Use Permitting |
Nunn, P. D., J. Veitayaki, V. Ram-Bidesi, and A. Vunisea. 1999. Coastal issues for oceanic islands: Implications for human futures. Natural Resources Forum 23:195-207. | 1999 | |||
Orams, M. 1999. Marine tourism - development, impacts, and management. Routledge., New York. | 1999 | Tourism & Recreation | ||
Osborn, T., P. Williams, D. Burkholder, and D. Rabalais. 1999. NOAA and the state of Louisiana. World Dredging, Mining and Construction 35:7-Jun. | 1999 | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
Schleyer, M. H. 1999. A synthesis of KwaZulu-Natal coral research. Special Publication, 5. A synthesis of KwaZulu-Natal coral research. Special Publication, 5. | 1999 | Indian Ocean; India; South Africa | Review; Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation |
Schuhmacher, H. 1999. Korallenriffe-Bedrohungen, Schutzkonzepte und Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 51:17-23. | 1999 | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level | ||
Shackley, M. 1999. Tourism development and environmental protection in southern Sinai. Tourism Management 20:543-548. | 1999 | Egypt | Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation | |
Windevoxhel, N. J., J. J. Rodriguez, and E. J. Lahmann. 1999. Situation of integrated coastal zone management in Central America: Experiences of the IUCN wetlands and coastal zone conservation program. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:257-282. | 1999 | South & Central America | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands | |
Wright, J. and D. Morton. 1999. Promoting erosion control in the Virgin Islands. Pages 8-May in Investing in the protection of our environment. Proceedings of conference 30, Nashville, 1999. (International Erosion Control Association). | 1999 | US Virgin Islands | Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies | |
Zann, L. P. 1999. A new (old) approach to inshore resources management in Samoa. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:569-590. | 1999 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Samoa | Model | Commercial Fisheries; Cultural Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Housing; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands |
Adey, Walter H. 1998. Coral reefs: conservation by valuation and the utilization of pharmaceutical potential. Pages 72-5 in Coral Reefs: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management; Proceedings of an Associated Event of the Fifth Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development, World Bank, Washington, DC October 9-11,. | 1998 | Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Valuation | ||
Berg, H., M. C. Ohman, S. Troeng, and O. Linden. 1998. Environmental economics of coral reef destruction in Sri Lanka. Ambio 27:627-634. | 1998 | Sri Lanka; Southeast Asia | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation | |
Brown, K., W. N. Adger, E. Tompkins, P. Bacon, D. Shim, and K. Young. 1998. A framework for incorporating stakeholder participation in marine resource management: A case study in Tobago. Working Paper - Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment. | 1998 | Global; Trinidad; Tobago | Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Carpenter, S. R., N. F. Caraco, D. L. Correll, R. W. Howarth, A. N. Sharpley, and V. H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8:559-568. | 1998 | Review | Agriculture; Domestic Animal Waste; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Chichilnisky, G. and G. Heal. 1998. Economic returns from the biosphere. Nature 391:629-630. | 1998 | China | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Special Use Permitting | |
Domros, M. 1998. Tourism in the Maldives: Sustainable development through tourist resorts? [Fremdenverkehr auf den Malediven]. Geographische Rundschau 50:714-721. | 1998 | Maldives | Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges | |
Done, T. 1998. Science for management of the Great Barrier Reef. Nature and Resources 34:16-29. | 1998 | Australia | Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation | |
Forest, N. B. 1998. Assessment of coastal regulations and implementation: case study of Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras. Coastal Management 26:125-155. | 1998 | South & Central America; Honduras; Caribbean | Model | Special Use Permitting |
Fouda, M. M., G. V. Hermosa Jr., and S. M. Al-Harthi. 1998. Status of fish biodiversity in the Sultanate of Oman. Italian Journal of Zoology 65:521-525. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman | Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Special Use Permitting | |
Gibson, J., M. McField, and S. Wells. 1998. Coral reef management in Belize: An approach through integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:229-244. | 1998 | South & Central America; Belize | Field Study & Monitoring | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Permitting & Zoning; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies |
Gittings, S. R. 1998. Reef community stability on the Flower Garden Banks, northwest Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 16:161-169. | 1998 | South & Central America; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Graham, T. and N. Idechong. 1998. Reconciling customary and constitutional law: Managing marine resources in Palau, Micronesia. Ocean and Coastal Management 40:143-164. | 1998 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Europe | Model | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation |
Hendee James, C., CH RI S Humphrey, and TR EN T Moore. 1998. Data-driven expert system for producing coral bleaching alerts. Pages 139-147 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies. | 1998 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research |
Johnstone, R. W. 1998. The status of the coral reefs of Zanzibar: One example of a regional predicament. Ambio 27:700-707. | 1998 | Indian Ocean; India | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation | |
Morgan, C. L., J. H. Barry Jr., and M. J. Cruickshank. 1998. Characterization of marine aggregates off Waikiki, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology 16:75-94. | 1998 | GIS & Maps | Algae; Coralline Algae; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Morris, G.L., Fan, J. 1998. Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook: Design and management of dams, reservoirs, and watersheds for sustainable use. Ver. 1.04 edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. | 1998 | Puerto Rico; Costa Rica; Venezuela; India | Model | Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Forestry; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrients; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water |
Oliveira, P., A. Pascoal, V. Silva, and C. Silvestre. 1998. Mission control of the MARIUS autonomous underwater vehicle: System design, implementation and sea trials. International Journal of Systems Science 29:1065-1080. | 1998 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | ||
Pitt, R.; Robertson, B.; and Field, R. 1998. Innovative Multi-Chambered Stormwater Control Device for Critical Source Areas. Proc. Adv. in Urban Wet Weather Pollut. Reduction , Cleveland, Ohio, WEF (CP3805), 141. | 1998 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Impervious Surfaces; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies | |
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. | 1998 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Stejskal, I. V. 1998. Drilling in environmentally sensitive marine areas in Western Australia: The Wonnich appraisal drilling program setting an industry example. Pages 263-272 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. | 1998 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration |
Thewlis, R. M., R. J. Timmins, T. D. Evans, and J. W. Duckworth. 1998. The conservation status of birds in Laos: A review of key species. Bird Conservation International 8:1-159. | 1998 | Global; Thailand | Review | Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands |
Wu, R. S. S., R. Y. H. Cheung, and P. K. S. Shin. 1998. The 'beneficial uses' approach in coastal management in Hong Kong: A compromise between rapid urban development and sustainable development. Ocean and Coastal Management 41:89-102. | 1998 | Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Seagrasses | ||
[No author name available]. 1997. Special Issue: 5th symposium on our environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:1-615. | 1997 | Global; Malaysia; Southeast Asia | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Birkeland, C. 1997. Symbiosis, fisheries and economic development on coral reefs. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12:364-367. | 1997 | Palau | Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Resource Use Management | |
Davis, H. 1997. Progress on Norfolk's coastal defences. Dredging and Port Construction 24:39. | 1997 | Shoreline Protection | ||
Fontaine, M. 1997. Ethics, bioethics and medical sciences [ethique, bioethique(s) et sciences medicales]. Bulletin de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine 181:1477-1486. | 1997 | Health Policies; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Special Use Permitting | ||
Hatziolos, M. 1997. Coral reefs and the World Bank. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 6:30-31. | 1997 | Global; Australia | Corporate Responses; Marine Protected Areas | |
Komatsu, T. 1997. Long-term changes in the Zostera bed area in the Seto Inland Sea (Japan), especially along the coast of the Okayama Prefecture. Oceanologica Acta 20:209-216. | 1997 | Japan | Review | Artificial Habitat; Coastal Development; Nutrients |
Kricher, J. 1997. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. A Neotropical companion: an introduction to the animals, plants and ecosystems of the New World tropics. Second edition. | 1997 | Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Luttinger, N. 1997. Community-based coral reef conservation in the Bay Islands of Honduras. Ocean and Coastal Management 36:22-Nov. | 1997 | Honduras | Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Makoloweka, S. and K. Shurcliff. 1997. Coastal management in Tanga, Tanzania: A decentralized community-based approach. Ocean and Coastal Management 37:349-357. | 1997 | Indian Ocean; Tanzania; India | Aquaculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landuse Management; Mangroves | |
Makoloweka, S. and K. Shurcliff. 1997. Silencing the dynamite fishers. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 6:24-25. | 1997 | Review | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Housing; Resource Use Management | |
Wells, S. 1997. Protecting a marine wonderland. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 6:14-16. | 1997 | South & Central America; Belize | Banks, Credit, & Securities | |
White, A. T., V. Barker, and G. Tantrigama. 1997. Using integrated coastal management and economics to conserve coastal tourism resources in sri lanka. Ambio 26:335-344. | 1997 | Sri Lanka | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Beaches & Nature Parks; Tourism & Recreation | |
Cesar, H. 1996. Economic analysis of Indonesian coral reefs. The World Bank, Washington, D.C. | 1996 | Global; Indonesia | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Clark, J. R. 1996. Coastal zone management handbook. Coastal zone management handbook. | 1996 | Global; South & Central America; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation | |
Drake, S. F. 1996. The International Coral Reef Initiative: A strategy for the sustainable management of coral reefs and related ecosystems. Coastal Management 24:279-299. | 1996 | Field Study & Monitoring | Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves | |
Dubinsky, Z. and N. Stambler. 1996. Marine pollution and coral reefs. Global Change Biology 2:511-526. | 1996 | Deforestation & Devegetation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges; Zooxanthellae | ||
Fukuda, T. 1996. What does the red-tiled roof mean? The conservation movement in the historic district of Taketomi Island, Okinawa. Geographical Review of Japan, Series A 69:727-743. | 1996 | Japan | Building & Home Construction; Cultural Protections; Housing; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Military; Tourism & Recreation | |
Hamzah, AM IR, A. AD JI Z Saleh, and SA TY A Budhi Takdir. 1996. Marine management efforts for the Pagerungan gas development. Pages 891-898 in International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. | 1996 | Indonesia | Artificial Habitat; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Waterborne Discharges | |
Hinrichsen, DO N. 1996. Coasts in Crisis: The earth's most biologically productive habitats are being smothered by development. Only coordinated international action can save them. Issues in Science and Technology 12:39-47. | 1996 | Global | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Wetlands | |
Jennings, S., S. S. Marshall, and N. V. C. Polunin. 1996. Seychelles' marine protected areas: Comparative structure and status of reef fish communities. Biological Conservation 75:201-209. | 1996 | Seychelles | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation | |
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 1996. Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay. | 1996 | Florida | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies |
Mittermeier, R. A., T. B. Werner, and A. Lees. 1996. New Caledonia - A conservation imperative for an ancient land. ORYX 30:104-112. | 1996 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Madagascar; New Caledonia | Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Myers, N. 1996. The biodiversity crisis and the future of evolution. Environmentalist 16:37-47. | 1996 | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Wetlands | ||
Riegl, B. and A. Riegl. 1996. Studies on coral community structure and damage as a basis for zoning marine reserves. Biological Conservation 77:269-277. | 1996 | South Africa | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Landuse Management; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Swart, P. K., R. E. Dodge, and H. J. Hudson. 1996. A 240-year stable oxygen and carbon isotopic record in a coral from South Florida: implications for the prediction of precipitation in Southern Florida. Palaios 11:362-375. | 1996 | Florida | CO2 | |
Szmant, A. M. and A. Forrester. 1996. Water column and sediment nitrogen and phosphorus distribution patterns in the Florida Keys, USA. Coral Reefs 15:21-41. | 1996 | Florida | Docks & Marinas; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
[No author name available]. 1995. Proceedings of the 9th 1995 Conference on Coastal Zone. in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1995 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Storms & Hurricanes |
Boon John, D., JE FF RE Y Claassen, and F. Pieters Renaldo. 1995. Environmentally responsive artificial beach design, Curacao, Netherlands antilles. Pages 17-18 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1995 | Antilles | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Hotel & Food Services; Tourism & Recreation | |
Chen, K. M. 1995. Disappearance of ALS from Guam: Implications for exogenous causes. Pages 1549-1553 in Clinical Neurology. | 1995 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Guam | Deforestation & Devegetation; Drinking Water Supply; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Military; Pathogens; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water | |
Hilton, M. J. and S. S. Manning. 1995. Conversion of coastal habitats in Singapore: Indications of unsustainable development. Environmental Conservation 22:307-322. | 1995 | Malaysia | GIS & Maps | Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Sediment |
Kangas, P., M. Shave, and P. Shave. 1995. Economics of an ecotouriasm in Belize. Environmental Management 19:669-673. | 1995 | South & Central America; Belize | Funding & Donations; Tourism & Recreation | |
Rhodes, MI LT. 1995. Coastal zone management in the Eastern Caribbean: current concerns, components, policies and programs. Pages 195-196 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1995 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Review | Economic Markets & Policies; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation |
Westmacott, S. and F. R. Rijsberman. 1995. CORAL, coastal management model for the sustainable development of coral reef areas. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 20:245-250. | 1995 | Model; Index or Indicator | ||
Basiago, A. D. 1994. Sustainable development in tropical forest ecosystems. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 1:34-40. | 1994 | South & Central America; Thailand; Papua New Guinea; Mexico | Model | Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Forestry |
Cocks, K. D. and B. H. Walker. 1994. Contribution of \sustainability' criteria to social perceptions of land use options". Land Degradation & Rehabilitation 5:143-151. | 1994 | Australia | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning | |
Gomez, E. D., P. M. Alino, H. T. Yap, and W. Y. Licuanan. 1994. A review of the status of Philippine reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:62-68. | 1994 | Review; Index or Indicator | Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Sediment | |
Hinrichsen, D. 1994. Coasts under pressure. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:9-Jun. | 1994 | South & Central America; China; Caribbean; Spain | Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Hunter, C. L. and C. W. Evans. 1994. Reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: two centuries of western influence and two decades of data. Pages 339-345 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. | 1994 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Algae; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Ingram, G. B. 1994. Institutional obstacles to conservation: Fergusson Island, Papua New Guinea. Pacific Affairs 67:26-45. | 1994 | Papua New Guinea | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Marion, J. L. and C. S. Rogers. 1994. The applicability of terrestrial visitor impact management strategies to the protection of coral reefs. Ocean and Coastal Management 22:153-163. | 1994 | US Virgin Islands | Review | Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation |
McIvor, C. C., J. A. Ley, and R. D. Bjork. 1994. Changes in freshwater inflow from the Everglades to Florida Bay including effects on biota and biotic processes: A review. Pages 117-146 in S.M. Davis;J.C. Ogden, editor. Evergaldes: The Ecosystem and its Restoration. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, Florida. | 1994 | Florida | Review | |
Pratt, J. R. 1994. Artificial habitats and ecosystem restoration: managing for the future. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:268-275. | 1994 | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat | |
Preu, C. 1994. Background, conceptual structure and organizational-administrative establishing of a sustainable development strategy for coral islands. GeoJournal 33:433-442. | 1994 | |||
Salm, R. 1994. Coral's hidden riches. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:19-21. | 1994 | Indian Ocean; India | Model | Aquaculture; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Forestry; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Sebens K.P. 1994. Biodiversity of coral reefs: what are we losing and why? American Zoologist 34:115-133. | 1994 | Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean | Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Thomas, P. M. E. 1994. Everglades nutrient removal project. Pages 27-Nov in Proc. conference on explosives and blasting technique, Austin Texas, 1994. | 1994 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Stony Coral |
Veron, J. E. N. 1994. Biodiversity of reef corals: is there a problem in the Indo-Pacific centre of diversity? Pages 365-370 in Proceedings of the colloquium on global aspects of coral reefs, Miami, 1993. | 1994 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Japan; Indonesia | Finfish Harvest; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients | |
Zann, L. P. 1994. The status of coral reefs in South Western Pacific Islands. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:52-61. | 1994 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji; Tonga; Samoa | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Seastars; Sediment | |
[No author name available]. 1993. Coastal Zone'93. Pages 2415-3512 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1993 | Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico | GIS & Maps | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins |
Abeykoon, A. T. 1993. Population, environment and sustainable development. Sri Lanka journal of social sciences 16:57-64. | 1993 | Sri Lanka | Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Mining Policies | |
Baker, D. J. 1993. Sustainable development and NOAA's special role in meeting national goals. Marine Technology Society Journal 27:49-54. | 1993 | Fishing Sector; Waterborne Discharges; Whales & Dolphins | ||
Boehlert, G. W. 1993. Fisheries of Hawaii and US-associated Pacific islands. Marine Fisheries Review 55. | 1993 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa; Guam | Designate Protected Species; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation | |
Chavez, ER NE ST O and JO HN Tunnell. 1993. Needs for management and conservation of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Pages 2040-2053 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1993 | South & Central America; Mexico | Review | Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Piscivorous Fish; Sea Turtles; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation |
Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. | 1993 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Docks & Marinas; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Fanning Lucia, M. and G. Miller Winston. 1993. Institutional considerations for the integrated coastal zone management of Belize. Pages 2683-2697 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1993 | South & Central America; Belize | ||
Gabric, A. J. and P. R. F. Bell. 1993. Review of the effects of non-point nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:261-283. | 1993 | Review | Discharges; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Remediation; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins | |
Jones, G. W. 1993. Population, environment and sustainable development in Indonesia. Majalah Demografi Indonesia 20:20-Jan. | 1993 | Java; Indonesia | Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector; Land & Air Transportation | |
Matthews, W. S., A. E. van Wyk, and G. J. Bredenkamp. 1993. Endemic flora of the north-eastern Transvaal Escarpment, South Africa. Biological Conservation 63:83-94. | 1993 | South Africa | Forestry; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Substrate | |
Priced, A. R. G. 1993. The Gulf: Human impacts and management initiatives. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27:17-27. | 1993 | Global; Saudi Arabia; Kuwait | Agriculture; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Prins, H. H. T. and J. Wind. 1993. Research for nature conservation in south-east Asia. Biological Conservation 63:43-46. | 1993 | Indonesia | Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Wetlands | |
Reichelt, A. J. and G. B. Jones. 1993. Characterization and fate of suspended sediments associated with dredging activities in Cleveland Bay. Pages 385-390 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. | 1993 | Australia | Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Sediment | |
Salm, R. V. 1993. Coral reefs of the Sultanate of Oman. Atoll Research Bulletin | 1993 | Oman | ||
Walters, C. J. 1993. Dynamic models and large scale field experiments in environmental impact assessment and management. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:53-61. | 1993 | Florida; Australia; Columbia | Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector |
Bacon, P. R. and G. P. Alleng. 1992. The management of Insular Caribbean mangroves in relation to site location and community type. Hydrobiologia 247:235-241. | 1992 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Antilles; Jamaica; British Virgin Islands; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Caribbean | Docks & Marinas; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal | |
Boc Jr. Stanley, J., J. Reynold William, and M. Dobinchick Jasmina. 1992. Coastal processes and engineering on a micronesian fringing reef. Pages 285-302 in [No source information available]. | 1992 | Micronesia | Beaches & Nature Parks; Cultural Protections; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Land & Air Transportation; Mitigation; Sediment | |
Fabbri, P. 1992. Ocean management in global change. Ocean management in global change. | 1992 | Global; Southeast Asia; China | Collaboration & Partnering | |
Imbach, A. 1992. 500 years after Columbus. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 1:18. | 1992 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Deforestation & Devegetation; Finfish Harvest; Tourism & Recreation | |
Lewis, R. J. 1992. Socioeconomic impacts and management ciguatera in the Pacific. Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) 85:427-434. | 1992 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Vanuatu; New Caledonia; Fiji; Samoa; Tuvalu; American Samoa | Fish; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation | |
Spadoni Richard, H. 1992. Monitoring of the 1988 Boca Raton beach nourishment project. Pages 120-136 in [No source information available]. | 1992 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mitigation; Special Use Permitting |
Adey, W. H. and K. Loveland. 1991. Dynamic aquaria: building living ecosystems. Dynamic aquaria: building living ecosystems. | 1991 | Australia | Model | Domestic Animal Waste; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Wetlands |
Bunpapong, SI RI KU L and SO MP ON G Ausavajitanond. 1991. Saving what's left of tourism development at Patong beach, Phuket, Thailand. Pages 1685-1697 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1991 | Thailand | Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Sewage Treatment; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies | |
Gable, F. J., D. G. Aubrey, and J. H. Gentile. 1991. Global environmental change issues in the Western Indian Ocean region. Geoforum 22:401-419. | 1991 | Global; Indian Ocean; India | Model | Climate; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands |
Galli, G. 1991. Mangrove-generated structures and depositional model of the pleistocene fort thompson formation (Florida plateau). Facies 25:297-314. | 1991 | Florida | Model | Mangroves; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Kenchington, R. 1991. Tourism development in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Shoreline Management 15:57-78. | 1991 | Australia | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Lemay Michele, H., SO MP ON G Ausavajitanon, and ZE IT LI N Hale Lynne. 1991. National Coral Reef Management Strategy for Thailand. Pages 1698-1712 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1991 | Thailand | Review | Corporate Responses; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Ports & Harbors |
Meganck, R. A. 1991. Coastal parks as development catalysts: A caribbean example. Ocean and Shoreline Management 15:25-36. | 1991 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Souvenir & Decorative Trade | |
Merlin, M. D. 1991. Woody vegetation on the raised coral limestone of Mangaia, southern Cook Islands. Pacific Science 45:131-151. | 1991 | Tonga; Cook Islands | ||
Paw, J. N. and T.-E. Chua. 1991. Managing coastal resources in Cilacap, Indonesia, and Lingayen Gulf, Philippines - an ASEAN initiative. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:779-783. | 1991 | Java; Indonesia; Philippines | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Pintukanok, AM PA N. 1991. Coastal zone management, national implementable plan and policy development. A case study of Phuket Island. Pages 1674-1684 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1991 | Thailand | Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies | |
Sullivan, P. K. and V. Dayananda. 1991. Engineering management considerations in coastal development. Page 1430 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 1991 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients | |
White Alan, T. and NE LS ON Lopez. 1991. Coastal resources management planning and implementation for the Fishery Sector Program of the Philippines. Pages 762-775 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1991 | Philippines | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Cultural Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management |
Harris, A. G., E. Tuttle, and S. D. Tuttle. 1990. Geology of National Parks. Fourth edition. Geology of National Parks. Fourth edition. | 1990 | Index or Indicator | Sediment | |
Hatcher, A. I., G. D. Wright, and B. G. Hatcher. 1990. Resolving the conflict between conservation values and extractive use of the Abrolhos coral reefs. Pages 55-70 in Australian ecosystems. Proc. symposium, Geraldton, W.A., 1988. | 1990 | Australia; Indian Ocean; India | GIS & Maps | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Permitting & Zoning |
Huber Jr., R. M. and R. Meganck. 1990. The management challenge of Grand Anse Beach erosion, Grenada, West Indies. Ocean and Shoreline Management 13:99-109. | 1990 | Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies | ||
Ramsay, P. J. and T. R. Mason. 1990. Development of a type zoning model for Zululand coral reefs, Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Journal of Coastal Research 6:829-852. | 1990 | South Africa | Model | Landuse Management; Octocoral; Permitting & Zoning |
Rapaport, M. 1990. Population pressure on coral atolls: trends and approaching limits. Atoll Research Bulletin | 1990 | Model | Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Skeletal Coral; Tourism & Recreation | |
Davis, G. E. and J. W. Dodrill. 1989. Recreational fishery and population dynamics of spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, 1977-1980. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:78-88. | 1989 | Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii | Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Plankton; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation | |
Hill, G. and J. Rosier. 1989. Wedgetailed shearwaters, white capped noddies and tourist development on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Journal of Environmental Management 29:107-114. | 1989 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia | Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Hill, G. J. E. and A. Barnes. 1989. Census and distribution of wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificus burrows on Heron Island, November 1985. Emu 89:135-139. | 1989 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Hotel & Food Services | |
Lindeman Kenyon, C. 1989. Shoreline habitat use, cross-shelf distributions and nursery area evaluation of newly-settled coastal fishes of southeast Florida. Page 996 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1989 | Florida | Complex Habitat & Resources; Piscivorous Fish; Plankton; Sediment; Valuation | |
Rappa Peter, J. and J. Miller Bruce. 1989. Coastal resource management planning in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. Pages 2147-2160 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1989 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia | Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Mitigation; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance | |
Seaman Jr, W., R. M. Buckley, and J. J. Polovina. 1989. Advances in knowledge and priorities for research, technology and management related to artificial aquatic habitats. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:527-532. | 1989 | Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector | ||
Smith III, T. J., J. H. Hudson, M. B. Robblee, G. V. N. Powell, and P. J. Isdale. 1989. Freshwater flow from the Everglades to Florida Bay: a historical reconstruction based on fluorescent banding in the coral Solenastrea bournoni. Bulletin of Marine Science 44:274-282. | 1989 | Florida | Model | Apex Fish Predators; Seawater Flow; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Courboules, J., R. Maniere, and C. Bouchon. 1988. Geocoded information system and high-resolution remote sensing. Application to the Jordanian coast [Systemes d'informations geocodees et teledetection a haute resolution. Exemple d'application aux cotes jordaniennes]. Oceanologica Acta 11:337-351. | 1988 | Saudi Arabia | Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing | Landuse Management |
Kozlowski, J., J. Rosier, and G. Hill. 1988. Ultimate Environmental Threshold (UET) method in a marine environment (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia). Landscape and Urban Planning 15:327-336. | 1988 | Australia | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation | |
Main, M. B. and W. G. Nelson. 1988. Tolerance of the sabellariid polychaete Phragmatopoma lapidosa Kinberg to burial, turbidity and hydrogen sulfide. Marine Environmental Research 26:39-55. | 1988 | Lab Study | Marine Worms; Sediment | |
McManus, J. W. 1988. Coral reefs of the ASEAN Region: status and management. Ambio 17:189-193. | 1988 | Southeast Asia | Field Study & Monitoring | City Planning; Deforestation & Devegetation; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Special Use Permitting |
Myers, N. 1988. Environmental degradation and some economic consequences in the Philippines. Environmental Conservation 15:205-214. | 1988 | Global; Philippines | Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector | |
Rubec, P. J. 1988. The need for conservation and management of Philippine coral reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 23:141-154. | 1988 | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | ||
Verstappen, H. T. 1988. Old and new observations on coastal changes of Jakarta Bay: an example of trends in urban stress on coastal environments. Journal of Coastal Research 4:573-587. | 1988 | Finfish Harvest; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges | ||
Baldwin, C. L., G. J. S. Craik, and I. M. Dutton. 1987. Cyclone Winifred - implications for offshore design and management. in IN: 8TH AUSTRALASIAN CONF. ON COASTAL & OCEAN ENGINEERING 1987, PREPRINTS OF PAPERS, (LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA: NOV. 30-DEC. 4, 1. | 1987 | Australia | Review | |
Kakuris Paul, A. 1987. Combination Of Cobble And Sill Controls Erosion. Pages 4589-4599 in [No source information available]. | 1987 | Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes | ||
White Alan, T. and C. Savina Gail. 1987. Community-Based Marine Reserves, A Philippine First. Pages 2022-2036 in [No source information available]. | 1987 | Philippines | Finfish Harvest; Fish | |
Berkes, F. and A. B. Shaw. 1986. Ecologically sustainable development: a Caribbean fisheries case study. Canadian Journal of Development Studies 7:175-196. | 1986 | South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean | Fish; Fishing Sector | |
Craik, WE ND Y. 1986. Monitoring In The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Pages 785-790 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). | 1986 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas |
Petuch, E. J. 1986. The Pliocene reefs of Miami: their geomorphological significance in the evolution of the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, southeastern Florida, USA. Journal of Coastal Research 2:391-408. | 1986 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | ||
Rosier, J., G. Hill, and J. Kozlowski. 1986. Environmental limitations: a framework for development on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Environmental Management 23:59-73. | 1986 | Australia | Tourism & Recreation | |
[No author name available]. 1985. Protection of the Great Barrier Reef. Report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Environment and Conservation. in [No source information available]. | 1985 | Australia | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Housing; Landuse Management; Permitting & Zoning; Seastars; Tourism & Recreation |
Bacon, PE TE R and ST EP HE N Head. 1985. Formation Of A Caribbean Coastal Management Unit. Pages 280-299 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1985 | South & Central America; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring | |
Evans, C., J. E. Maragos, and P. Holtus. 1985. Reef corals in Kaneohe Bay six years before and after termination of sewage discharges (Oahu, Hawaiian Archipelago). Pages 189-194 in Proceedings of the fifth international coral reef congress. Tahiti. | 1985 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Agriculture; Algae; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Military; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral | |
Kuo Shu, T., I. H. Su, C. Hsu Chan, and P. Chen Ming. 1985. Solidification Of Fly Ash With Other Industrial Waste Material. Pages 402-417 in United States Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center (Report) DOE/METC. | 1985 | |||
Sakai, IT SU O, NO BU O Takai, and TA KE O Kondo. 1985. Improvement And Construction Of Coastal Fishing Grounds In Japan. Pages 2239-2248 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1985 | Japan | Field Study & Monitoring | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Products |
Sheehy Daniel, J. and F. Vik Susan. 1985. Designed Reefs For Habitat Loss Compensation. Pages 1439-1450 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. | 1985 | Artificial Habitat; Finfish & Shellfish Stock | ||
Al-Sayed, I. 1984. Nature conservation in Saudi Arabia - the Asir National Park: first wildlife refuge for Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 6:10-May. | 1984 | Saudi Arabia | ||
Campbell Thomas, J. and KI M Beachler. 1984. Engineering For Beach Restoration Dredging. Pages 1014-1023 in [No source information available]. | 1984 | Florida | Review | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation |
Cocks, K. D. 1984. A systematic method of public use zoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Coastal Zone Management Journal 12:359-383. | 1984 | Australia | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning | |
Dicks, B. 1984. Oil pollution in the Red Sea - Environmental monitoring of an oilfield in a coral area, Gulf of Suez. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. | 1984 | Egypt | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills; Recreational Opportunities; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Lal, P. N. 1984. Environmental implications of coastal development in Fiji. Ambio 13:316-321. | 1984 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Fiji | Agriculture; Coastal Development; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation | |
Bakus, G. J. 1983. The selection and management of coral reef preserves. Ocean Management 8:305-316. | 1983 | Field Study & Monitoring | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation | |
Dicks, BR IA N. 1983. OIL POLLUTION IN THE RED SEA - ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF AN OILFIELD IN A CORAL AREA, GULF OF SUEZ. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers 31:833-854. | 1983 | Egypt | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses; Sediment |
Gomez, E. D. 1983. Perspectives on coral reef research and management in the Pacific. Ocean Management 8:281-295. | 1983 | US Pacific & Hawaii; Philippines | Review | Marine Protected Areas |
Horodyski, R. J. 1983. Sedimentary geology and stromatolites of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, Glacier National Park, Montana. Precambrian Research 20:391-425. | 1983 | Columbia | Sediment | |
Morris, G. C. 1983. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: a unique management concept ( Australia). Parks 8:4-Jan. | 1983 | Australia | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas | |
Bird, E. C. F. 1982. The management of coastal resources in tropical Australia. Pages 77-84 Man, Land and Sea. | 1982 | Australia | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation | |
Finn, D. P. 1982. Soil loss in developing countries and its relationship to marine resources: examples from East Africa. in [No source information available]. | 1982 | Agriculture; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Hollett, K. J. and R. Moberly. 1982. Sedimentation, dredging, and spoil disposal in a subtropical estuarine lagoon. Environmental Geology 4:31-42. | 1982 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Military; Non-point Source Runoff; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | |
Kelleher, G. G. and R. A. Kenchington. 1982. Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park: making development compatible with conservation. Ambio 11:262-267. | 1982 | Australia | Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Scientific Research | |
Okude, T. and S. Matsumoto. 1982. Development of removal system for spilt oil sticking to beaches and coastal structures. REPORT PORT & HARBOUR RES. INST., JAPAN 21:-315. | 1982 | Beaches & Nature Parks | ||
White, A. T. and S. M. Wells. 1982. Coral reefs in the Philippines. ORYX 16:445-451. | 1982 | Philippines | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
Harry Robert, Y. 1981. Planning And Management Of The Nido Reef Complex Oil Field Development, Philippines. Pages 223-235 in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference. | 1981 | Philippines | ||
Malm, W. C., E. G. Walther, K. O'Dell, and M. Kleine. 1981. Visibility in the southwestern United States from summer 1978 to spring 1979. Atmospheric Environment 15:2031-2042. | 1981 | Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Variables | |
Courtenay Jr, W. R., B. C. Hartig, and G. R. Loisel. 1980. Ecological evaluation of a beach nourishment project at Hallandale ( Broward County), Florida. Volume I. Evaluation of fish populations adjacent to borrow areas of beach nourishment project, Hallandale (Broward County), Florida ( USA). Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Dept of Biological Sciences, Miscellaneous Report. | 1980 | Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fish; Sediment; Substrate | |
Snyder, C. C. 1980. Hermaphroditism. Clinics in Plastic Surgery 7:179-196. | 1980 | Lab Study | Algae; Snails & Conch | |
Spadoni, RI CH AR D and TH OM AS Campbell. 1980. Coral Reef Protection During Beach Restoration In Florida. Pages 152-159 in Proceedings of SOUTHEASTCON Region 3 Conference. | 1980 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection |
Umali Ricardo, M. 1980. Application Of Satellite Remote Sensing To Natural Resources Management In The Philippines. Pages 307-313 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. | 1980 | Philippines | Remote Sensing | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves |
Hanshaw, B. B. and W. Back. 1979. Major geochemical processes in the evolution of carbonate-Aquifer systems. Journal of Hydrology 43:287-312. | 1979 | Model | Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Invertebrates; Sediment | |
Spadoni, R. H. 1979. Reef monitoring of the Delray Beach Erosion Project. SHORE & BEACH 47:-12. | 1979 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sediment |
Baker, J. T. 1977. Management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Pages 597-604 in Proc. 3rd international coral reef symposium, Miami, 1977, Volume 2, geology. | 1977 | Australia | Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation | |
Balazs, G. H. 1976. Green turtle migrations in the Hawaiian archipelago. Biological Conservation 9:125-140. | 1976 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sea Turtles | |
Kaufman, RA YM ON D. 1976. Ocean Engineering Capabilities And Requirements For The Offshore Mining Industry. Pages 49-62 in [No source information available]. | 1976 | Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Mining Policies; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Raymond William, F. 1975. Sand And Coral Monitoring At Two Artificial Reefs In Florida. SHORE & BEACH 43:10-Mar. | 1975 | Florida | Field Study & Monitoring | Artificial Habitat |
Seymour John, L. 1975. Preliminary Legal Considerations In Developing Artificial Reefs. Coastal Zone Management Journal 2:149-169. | 1975 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Fish; Fishing Sector; Permitting & Zoning | |
Springell, P. 1975. Some observations on the Australian environmental scene. Ecologist 5:42-47. | 1975 | Australia | Review | |
Smith Donald, A. 1974. Electronic System Used In Beach Nourishment Plans. World dredging & marine construction 10:45-47. | 1974 | Florida | Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation | |
Dugan, G. L. and R. H. F. Young. 1973. Effects of coastal water disposal in Hawaii. Pages 691-701 in J.ENVIRONM.ENGN DIV.PROC.ASCE. | 1973 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment | |
Johannes, R. E. 1972. Coral Reefs And Pollution [Marine Pollution And Sea Life]. Pages 364-375 FISHING NEWS LTD., SURREY. | 1972 | Review | Algae; Chemical Use Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Salinity; Seastars; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges | |
Costanza, R., E. Bohensky, J. Butler, I. Bohnet, A. Delisle, K. Fabricius, M. Gooch, I. Kubiszewski, G. Lukacs, P. Pert, and E. Wolanski. Chapter 16: A scenario analysis of climate change and ecosystem services for the Great Barrier Reef. Pages 1-47 in E. Wolanski, and D. McLusky, editors. in Volume 12: Ecological Economics of Estuaries and Coasts, (eds., M. van den Belt and R. Costanza) in the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science. Elsevier. | Global; Australia | Climate; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Jalal, K. F. Regional water resources situation: quantitative and qualitative aspects. in [No source information available]. | Drinking Water Supply; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources | |||
O'Garra, T. ESTIMATING THE TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE (TEV) OF THE NAVAKAVU LMMA (Locally Managed Marine Area) in Vitu Levu island (Fiji). Coral Reef Initiatives for the Pacific. | US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Fiji | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Special Use Permitting; Valuation | ||
Packett, R., C. Dougall, K. Rohde, and R. Noble. Agricultural lands are hot-spots for annual runoff polluting the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin | Australia | Agriculture; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Risk, M. J., B. E. Lapointe, O. A. Sherwood, and B. J. Bedford. The use of δ 15N in assessing sewage stress on coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Algae; Bivalves; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment | ||
Terry, J. P. and K. Khatri. People, pigs and pollution - experiences with applying participatory learning and action (PLA) methodology to identify problems of pig-waste management at the village level in Fiji. Journal of Cleaner Production 0. | Fiji | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
Management Options
Management Option | Description | Sources | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Waterspreading | This management option uses a system of dams, dikes, ditches, or other means of diverting or collecting runoff from natural channels, gullies, or streams and spreading it over relatively flat areas. Waterspreading differs from irrigation in that applications are timed by the availability of natural runoff flow rather than scheduled to meet plant needs. Waterspreading is most beneficial in areas with an average annual precipitation of 8 to 25 inches. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Resources |
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Grazing Land Management | This management option protects range, pasture and other types of grazing lands for agricultural animals. Special actions should be taken to protect sensitive areas such as streams, wetlands and estuaries if livestock is to have access to these areas. Grazing management practices can be categorized into four types, vegetative stabilization, grazing management systems, access limitations and alternative water supplies. Vegetative stabilization involves reestablishing the vegetative cover on ranges after it has been removed by grazing to reduce erosion rates. Grazing management systems typically reduce the time livestock spend in each pasture to increase the quantity and quality of vegetation in those pastures. Grazing frequency, timing, duration, area allocation, and livestock distribution kind, class, distribution and stocking rates should all be considered in the management system to ensure adequate pasture rehabilitation. Access limitations, such as fencing and stream crossings are used to herd and control livestock movement. Physical disturbance from livestock can increase erosion, so crossings and watering access points should be hardened. Alternative water supplies are an alternative to more sensitive water sources that may be vulnerable to erosion and discharges from grazing areas. | Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Sediment; Waterborne Discharges |
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Hydroseeding High Risk Soils | Hydroseeding is a process that creates a slurry of seeds, water, and mulch. This slurry can be applied with the use of trucks, trailers, and even aircrafts. This method is particularly useful because it promotes quick germination and reduces erosion. It is especially beneficial to use this method where there is a vastness of bare soil due to clearing vegetation for roads, homes, and farming. Higher elevations are typically steeper and often experience heavy rainfall, and ultimately an extreme amount of erosion occurs if soil is bare. Erosion from the highlands can fill the reservoirs in the drainage basin with sediment. Using hydroseeding would increase vegetation and ultimately the stabilization of the soil. Also, increased vegetation through hydroseeding would help with infiltration rates because the roots would aerate the soil. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Reef Life; Sediment |
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Phase Out Unwanted Subsidies | Subsidies are often offered to promote certain types of growth and development. At a later time, with changing priorities, it may be determined that these types of growth and development are no longer optimal. For example, sun grown coffee, was subsidized in Guancia Bay, PR, as it was expected to have higher future market demand. However, it requires clearing large tracts of land on steep, extremely erodible clay soils. This leads to high volumes of erosion because there is no vegetation to anchor the soil in place. Now these subsidies are promoting sun grown coffee even though shade grown is better for the land and reefs because it reduces erosion, extreme runoff, and adds vegetation to the land. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Banks, Credit, & Securities; City Planning; Corporate Responses; Decision Support; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Sodic Soil Management | In coastal agriculture it is important to manage and reduce accumulations of salts on the soil surface and down to the crop rooting depth. Saline seep often occurs in crop areas where the water table is very shallow. Irrigation management or drainage improvements may be necessary. Another option may be subsoiling, where internal soil drainage is restricted by layers of contrasting permeability and soil moisture levels are low enough to allow shattering and mixing of soil layers. Vegetative measures include planting deep rooted crops such as wheatgrass and alfalfa. Soil amendments can be used to treat sodium, displacing it with calcium depending on the specific chemistry of the soil. Though crop yield does not directly impact coral reefs, ground water restoration projects may change the raise the water table, making sodic soil management important. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Natural Resource Injuries from Coastal Construction & Development | This involves assessing coral, seagrass, and hard bottom substrate that is impacted during coastal construction repair or alternation. If unacceptable damages are occurring this information will be useful in future permit decision making. If infringements have occurred, this information may be useful for compensatory mitigation and liability for restoration of those natural resources injured. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Ports & Harbors; Reef Habitat; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Special Use Permitting; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Geographic Information System Incorporating Satellite and Aerial Images | This option involves the acquisition of high-resolution, low altitude photos of management areas and grounding hotspots. These photos can then be used for baseline documentation for natural resource litigation, research, and management decisions. If these images are to be incorporated into larger geodatabase, such as that proposed in # 166, a standardized protocol should be developed in advance, as suggested in management option #166. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Roadside Signs | Roadside signs and billboards in local reef watershed areas should be created to inform travelers that they are entering/exiting the reef watershed. Partnerships should be explored to create multi-logo signs. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies |
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Establish VHF Radio Stations | The local sanctuary staff should work to secure a VHF radio station dedicated to provide information about local boating and water activities in multiple languages. Broadcast messages can include, but are not limited to information about regulations, navigation, resources, weather, and reef conditions. This will help prevent boaters, divers, and fishermen from negatively affecting the ecosystem. Assessments regarding cost and target audience areas must be conducted and external funding pursued to supplement the expense. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage |
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration | Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. | Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal |
Dissemination of Findings: Distribute Periodic Sanctuary Health Reports | The management option involves creating monitoring/condition reports on the health of the sanctuary and reef that is released for the public. The findings can be released through newsletters, presentations, reports, publications, and other written and oral methods. Criteria reported on typically include water quality, critical habitats, and species of particular interest. These reports will ultimately help reveal the effectiveness of marine protections and policies based on the conditions researched. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation |
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig End of Life | As oil production at a given offshore site decreases it becomes necessary to decommission the rigs that were drilling them. It is very expensive to dismantle and transport the rigs back to shore. One such well know case was Shell's Brent Spar 1995. Regulations on the end of life for oil rigs differ by country and even state within the US. The Minerals Management Service has a Rigs-to-Reefs program which supports and encourages the reuse of oil and gas structures for offshore artificial reef developments. If these structures are to be sunk as artificial reefs the normal permit requirements for artificial reefs still apply to ensure the structure will not interfere with navigation channels or degrade the environment. | Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference. |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Chemical Variables; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources |
Energy Policy & Development: Oil and Gas Rig Construction Regulations | The Minerals Management Service (MMS) has several requirements for leasing and permits for construction of new drilling rigs and platforms. Placement is very important so as to not interfere with other uses or the environment. These permits also cover exploratory structures for research and test sites. | Minerals Management Service. 2006. Leasing Oil and Natural Gas Resources. U.S. Department of the Interior. |
Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Cable and Pipeline Construction Assessments | Pre-assessments must be conducted to ensure pipelines and cables buried on the ocean floor will not disrupt or destroy natural or cultural resources. | Reach Networks Hong Kong Ltd. 2007. Project Profile: Asia-America Gateway (AAG) Cable Network, South Lantau. Wanchai, Hong Kong SAR. |
Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Utilities; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Offshore Wind and Hydrokinetic Alternative Energies | Policies encouraging or authorizing construction of offshore facilities are evolving, and there are many sides to the issue of how to best manage them. Alternative energies are desirable and would reduce the dependence on fossil fuel resources. However, hydrokinetic technologies are just becoming viable, meaning long term impacts are still unknown. Facilitative policies reduce barriers for alternative energy development or increase barriers or costs for incumbent technologies. These include research and innovation policies, technology improvement subsidies, market based policies that internalize externalities, and regulatory changes that simplify the permitting process. | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy. Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105. |
Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Seawater Flow; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies |
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives | Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). | Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA. |
Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Enforcement: Enforce Statues, Regulation and Permit Requirements | This option ensures compliance with statues, regulations, and permit requirements. This is accomplished through intensive on-site patrols by authorized law enforcement officers. Agencies at the state level as well as NOAA can assist with enforcement. For success, it is important that law enforcement be trained in the compliance requirements of other agencies (e.g. Marine Heritage Resource (MHR) permitting compliance). A standardized training program to help better ensure cross- deputization of enforcement agencies would be necessary. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Dredging Regulations; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting |
Forestry Policy: Forestry Management Planning | There are many aspects to properly managing forestry sites to reduce point source and non-point source pollutants. Forestry activities can degrade water quality with several types of pollutants and impacts, including: sediment, nutrients, forest chemicals like pesticides, organic debris from tree litter, increased water temperature and increased streamflow. The Forestry management plan and practices include, but are not limited to: pre-harvest planning, road construction and use, prescribed burning and fire management, brush management, timber harvest, regeneration, and application of forest chemicals. Wetlands Forest Management has additional best practices. | Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Biological Harvest; Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Forestry Policy: Forestry Streamside Management Areas | There are often surface waters, such as streams and lakes, within forestry areas that require special protection. This management option involves establishing and maintaining management areas (35 to 50 feet) around these surface waters to buffer against changes in temperature, increases in sediments and nutrients, and to provide bank stability. Canopy species in these areas also provide woody debris needed for instream channel structure and aquatic species habitat. | Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Landuse Management: Household Landscaping Best Management Practices | Homeowners manipulate the visible features of the land surrounding their home through landscaping. This includes flora, fauna, and terrain. Best Management Practices (BMPs) for landscaping include selection of indigenous flora and fauna, landscape irrigation (sprinkler systems etc), stormwater runoff BMPs, reducing water use, integrated pest management, composting, and incorporation of permeable surfaces. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices. |
Applied Chemicals; Biological Addition; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Impervious Surfaces; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Shelter; Supplemental Feeding; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges |
Landuse Management: Temporary Road Planning and Construction | This management option involves minimizing sediment discharges from forestry and other temporary roads through their planning and construction. Since these roads are seasonal or temporary, less time and effort is normally invested in construction. Road construction has four main phases, clearing, leveling, construction and surfacing. Construction timing should be targeted to avoid sensitive spawning periods and during low stream flow at water passes. Road surface drainage shaping requires proper moisture content, surfacing, and grading. Drainage should be installed to reduce the volume and velocity of runoff water passing over sensitive areas. Methods for road surface drainage include: broad-based dip construction, pole culverts, ditch relief culverts, road outsloping and grading, ditch and turnout construction. Roadway runoff should be prevented from flowing directly into watercourses by using turnouts, wing ditches and dips. Brush barriers, silt fences, riprap and filter strips can be used to trap sediment in runoff water. Where roads cross streams it is important to guard against erosion, as such erosion may necessitate road repairs. | Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies |
Landuse Management: Mine Reclamation | Lands disturbed by mining must be reclaimed to their Approximate Original Contour (AOC). Mine operators must backfill, compact, and grade in order to restore the AOC of the land with all highwalls, spoil piles, and depressions eliminated. Spoil material is prone to erosion, and may carry various disturbed toxics into groundwater if not properly managed. Temporary roads and impervious surfaces may have also been constructed for mining purposes. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC. |
Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Valuation; Waterborne Discharges |
Marine Zoning: Ecological Reserves (ERs) | Ecological Reserves set aside areas with minimal human interference. These reserves aim to enhance and protect biodiversity through encompassing large, contiguous habitats. The goal of ecological reserves is to encourage spawning, nurseries, and residence areas that contribute to genetic protection of fish and marine life. Ecological Reserves can be achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation |
Marine Zoning: Existing Management Areas | The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) uses this zoning category to identify areas that are managed by other agencies where restrictions already exist. These zones delineate the existing jurisdictional authority of other agencies (i.e., State parks, aquatic preserves, sanctuaries, and other restricted areas). Management of these areas within the Sanctuary may require additional regulations or restrictions to adequately protect resources. Any additional management measures will be developed and implemented in coordination with the agency having jurisdictional authority. Their function is not to establish another layer of bureaucracy, but to recognize established management areas and, at a minimum, to complement the existing management programs, ensuring cooperation and coordination with other agencies. Existing Management Areas will be maintained through revising GIS and NOAA charts. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation |
Marine Zoning: Utilize Marine Protected Areas for Research and Monitoring | Research and monitoring of marine protected areas determine the degree to which the zones meet goals and objectives for protecting natural resources, as well as human-use patterns, attitudes and compliance. Once data is gathered from within the protected zone it can than be compared to comprable data from outside the protected zone, as a control. It is necessary to compile and review data on use patterns to determine where additional Special-Use Areas would be appropriate. Research in the protected area should be non-invasive. It is important to make the protected area available for external research as well. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fish; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands |
Marine Zoning: Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) | Wildlife Management Areas include bird nesting, resting, or feeding areas, turtle nesting beaches, and other sensitive habitats including shallow flats that are important feeding areas for fish. These areas seek to provide protection for endangered/threatened species or their habitats while at the same time providing opportunity for public use. Wildlife Management Areas are achieved through placing and maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; implementing management responsibilities; adjusting existing zone boundaries if needed; evaluating allowable activities within the boundaries and make changes if needed; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; monitoring the effectiveness of current zones; and revising GIS and NOAA charts. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation; Wetlands |
Marine Zoning: Special Use Areas | Special use areas are set aside for specific scientific or educational purposes. This is in order to encourage the recovery or restoration of injured or degraded resources. Also, the areas may be designated to facilitate access to, or use of, resources, and prevent other user conflicts. Special-use areas are achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts; and determining/establishing appropriate zones for high-impact or user-conflict activities. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Biomedical Research Policies; Complex Habitat & Resources; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health Policies; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Marine Zoning: Permitting Application & Award | This management approach is important because permits assure protection and conservation of coral resources from harmful activities and practices. Within sanctuary waters, special use permits (#157) can be used to allow scientists and others to conduct necessary work while following permitting regulations to reduce the impact of that work. General permits are often required for altering land-use, construction projects and certain discharges. To be eligible for a permit, the operator may be required to conduct impact assessments, institute best management practices and conduct monitoring of the project. Though permits are a necessary precaution, the process can be streamlined through ensuring clear submittal requirements, and reducing redundancy. Redundancy often occurs when multiple agencies must approve a permit, a single point of contact and standard, inter-agency protocols can reduce unnecessary redundancy. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Discharges; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Impervious Surfaces; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting |
Marine Zoning: Integrate Resource Information in Permits, Authorizations, or Certifications | Permitting usually includes assessing the natural and cultural resources of an area. Using this previosly gathered data would aid in creating an inventory for marine resources. If previosuly established, the management option (#165), will allow this data to be combined with data from other inventory management options such as (#95), and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option (#85). | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting |
Marine Zoning: Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs) | This is a type of Marine Zoning used by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). SPAs focus on the protection of shallow, heavily used reefs where conflicts occur between user groups, and where concentrated visitor activity leads to resource degradation. They are designed to enhance the reproductive capabilities of renewable resources, protect areas critical for sustaining and protecting important marine species, and reduce user conflicts in high-use areas. This is accomplished through a prohibition of consumptive activities within these areas. They have been chosen based on the status of important habitat, the ability of a particular area to sustain and protect the habitat, the level of visitor use, and the degree of conflict between consumptive and non-consumptive users. The actual size and location of these zones have been determined by examination of user patterns, aerial photography, and ground-truthing of specific habitats. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artisanal Fishing; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Landscape Changes; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Small Boats; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Resources; Water Transportation |
Monitor & Research: Utilize Managed Areas for Socioeconomic Research | Data are needed to test hypotheses about the socioeconomic impact of marine zoning and user-group perceptions about changes in natural resources within the sanctuary area. User-group perception of changes in natural resources can be compared with quantitative ecological data to identify misconceptions and knowledge gaps. Providing funding opportunities for external scientists to conduct research in the managed area is another option. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Permitting & Zoning; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Valuation |
Monitor & Research: Research Historical Hydrology | This activity involves a historical assessment of the hydrology of the surrounding water area around the sanctuary as it has affected water quality and biological communities within the sanctuary. It will clarify the role of freshwater inflows and water quality from local freshwater bodies. Also, this activity will examine the effects of structural modification and changes in quality, quantity, timing and distribution of freshwater releases from existing structures and will examine land-based practices affecting the water quality of runoff. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Monitor & Research: Adaptive Management | By definition, adaptive management is a structured management approach that links science to decision-making, thereby improving the probability of restoration success. It provides an efficient process to address risk and uncertainty inherent within ecosystem restoration by encouraging flexible plans and designs. Monitoring (#) is an important component of adaptive management. The affect of different restoration alternatives can be seen using monitoring data, and compared against other environmental variables to determine what the best future actions are based on results of previous projects. | CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy. |
Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Public Administration; Regulating Services; Remediation; Scientific Research; Supporting Services |
Monitor & Research: Survey and Collect Anecdotal Information | Anecdotal information is to be solicited from experts and amateur public participation through surveys and workshops. Persons of interest include fishermen, recreational divers, recreational dive facilities, salvors and other locals with knowledge of marine resources in the area. Information they provide can help identify marine cultural and natural resources and help update resource inventory. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Products; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Water Transportation |
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Channel & Reef Navigation Markers | This option would evaluate the need for proper marking to ensure better navigation. There are many types of markers, including buoys, charts, beacons, and GPS mapping. Such markers can also be used to advocate prohibition on vessel speeds greater than idle speed in areas designated as idle-speed only/no-wake and around shallow reef locations. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beach & Land Formation; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Transportation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation |
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Artificial Reef Regulations | Discharge/depositing of materials and constructions on the seabed are both prohibited without permits, regulating the construction of new artificial reefs. Likewise, existing artificial reefs are protected through permit requirements for any alternation of the seabed. There are still further considerations for protecting artificial reefs. Artificial reef materials and construction choices are very important and may change based on the specific location and desired impacts. An artificial reef to attract recreational fishing differs from one for recreational divers or shoreline storm protection. Many artificial reefs were formally large ships, oil rigs or other types of waste that have been decommissioned and would be too large and expensive to dismantle on land. In these cases it is important to put restrictions on the sinking process to ensure there won�t be any type of chemical leakage and that the structure is stable on the seabed. (#189) (#190) | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Solid Waste Disposal; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waterborne Discharges |
Resource Use Management: Seasonal Fisheries and Harvesting | Finfish and shellfish stocks may be more or less susceptible to fishing pressures during certain times of the year. This may be due to seasonality of recruitment and/or changes in food/predation pressures. If fishing restrictions may be more successful if this seasonality is taken into consideration and fishing pressure adjusted accordingly. | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Permitting & Zoning; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies | |
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Management Enforcement | Marine protected areas and other types of coastal zone management areas have fisheries management policies that must be enforced in addition to the broader Statues, Regulation and Permit Requirements (#91). Illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing is a major problem worldwide. Management area policies must be enforced to have an impact on the fisheries stock. | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | |
Resource Use Management: Prevent Introduction of Invasive Species | Preventing the introduction of invasive species involves public awareness of the invasive species, minimizing modes and prone areas for invasion, and detecting small populations for early eradication. Some common modes of terrestrial transportation include livestock and domestic animals, mowing equipment, and firewood. Clean equipment before transport to a new location. Remove soil from plants, and plant bare-root. Use high grade seed and weed free livestock feeds. Reduce opportunities for invasive plants by keeping native plant populations strong and healthy and seeding in cover crops to reduce barren soil. | Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Ballast Discharge; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Manufacturing & Trade; Transportation; Water Transportation | |
Restoration: Beach Renourishment and Nourishment | Beaches are subject to natural accretion and erosion. Tourism is often best supported by wide, accessible, public sandy beaches. Beaches can be restored to counteract natural erosion by transporting large quantities of sand onto the beach. This sand often comes from nearby dredging. Caution should be used when restoring long sections of beaches, as often the area above the mean high tide line is littoral, or privately owned, and restoration of these beaches can impact these property rights, see "Stop the Beach Renourishment, Inc. v. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (2010) U.S. Supreme Court decision." Beach protection or nourishment offers an alternative to this often expensive and abrupt type of renourishment, nourishment involves practices which encourage coastal accretion and discourage erosional forces. See "Florida's Beach and Shore Preservation Act" for some restrictions on this. | NOAA Coastal Services Center. Beach Nourishment: A Guide for Local Government Officials. Coastal Services Center Accessed 6/17/2011. |
Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Culture; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Recreational Opportunities; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation |
Restoration: Environmental Remediation | Environmental Remediation is a type of restoration that's focus ranges from Brownfields to Oil Spills to Hazardous Waste Sites. These restoration activities aim to restore the site to a previous condition, or to a condition that is not a threat to human health or other forms of life. Several standards can be used to determine when remediation is necessary and to what extent the environment should be restores. Biocriteria can be used to determine the degree of degradation to biological components of the site. Often it is the presence of a particular pollutant in the soil, water or air, which is above acceptable limits and will not degrade fast enough over a short period of time and therefore must be removed. Physical and chemical water quality criteria can be used to set maximum acceptable limits of water quality parameters. Air quality criteria can be used to set acceptable maximum and minimum air standards for remediation. | Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. Environment Protection Authority. EPA Guidelines for Environmental management of on-site remediation. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, Australia. |
Applied Chemicals; Biocriteria; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Health; Health Policies; Landuse Management; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Military; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Valuation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Restoration: Beach Vegatation Restoration | Natural beaches are often host to important costal dune ecosystems. Due to tourism, much of the vegetation that comprises these dune ecosystems may be compromised. The natural vegetation provides an important ecosystem service, with roots providing deep stabilization against physical damage and removal of that sand. Without such vegetation sand and dunes can be completely washed away during hurricanes and other surge events. The dunes themselves offer some protection to nearby inland infrastructure during these same storm events. When the beach past the dunes is for public access it is beneficial to build raised walk-overs over the dune vegetation. This prevents trampling, which leads to dune blowouts. | Natural Resources Conservation Service, editor. 2007. Native Plants for Coastal Dune Restoration: What, When, and How for Florida. US Department of Agriculture. |
Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Culture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Invasive Species; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Damage; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling |
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Landslide Treatments | This management option is exercised to prevent down slope movement of earthen materials, including natural soils, and spoil/waste from mining or forestry activities. Extreme caution and planning must be exercised before permitting any personnel, equipment or other machinery into the slide area. An experienced engineer should analyze the stability of the site both before and after alterations are made to evaluate stability. Water Control: sources of water that enter the area can be controlled to keep the material dry, as it is typically more stable when dry. Loading Control: where appropriate, consider removing excess material from upper portions of the slide area to reduce slide mass. Slope Reduction: where practice, use grading to reduce the slope of the slide area. Increasing Internal Strength: consider the impact of removing and recompacting of material at designed levels of moisture and with biotechnical slope stabilization practices. External Restraints: external restraints can be used where slope movements must be limited due to surrounding valued improvements (e.g. structures), where manipulation of the material may not achieve desired improvements. External restraints must be designed to prevent overturning, sliding at or below the base, and bearing failure of the foundation. Vegetative Treatment: deep rooted grasses and shrubs with proven performance in soil bioengineering applications can be planted using selected soil bioengineering or biotechnical slope stabilization techniques appropriate to the site. Transpiration and infiltration should be considered when choosing vegetation. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Forestry; Infrastructure; Insurance; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment |
Restoration: Acquire Blanket Permits for Restoration Programs | Restoration programs often span multiple areas and multiple agencies. With proper collaboration between resource managers, and restoration programs, multiple programs/initiatives can work together under blanket permits from regulating agencies. For example, NOAA�s Beaufort Lab/Seagrass Research team, NOAA�s Damage Assessment Center, and DEP all coordinate restoration projects together in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Permitting & Zoning; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Infiltration | This management option attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that control the volume of surface water, facilitating faster absorption of the stormwater into the ground. Often these structures are able to infiltrate larger amounts of water faster while reducing exposure to surface sediments and pollutants. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. US EPA. EPA Infiltration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Sustained Reservoir Minimum Release of Minimum Baseflow to Sustain Aquatic Habitat | In some regions, even high intensity rivers (e.g. Rio Loco, Puerto Rico) are seasonal, drying for long enough to kill aquatic vegetation. Creating a constant baseflow would help sustain aquatic life and ultimately help to process nutrients. High intensity rivers are already prone to extreme channel erosion from the high flow rates, this erosion is even greater without any benthic biota to hold sediment on the river bottom. Restricting the release of reservoir water to that required to maintain aquatic biota would reduce the intensity of flow, stabilize the river bottom, create habitat and naturally process nutrients that could potentially contribute to eutrophication out on the coral reef. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Algae; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Climate; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Primary Production; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Waste Management; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Filtration | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementing engineering techniques that allow natural processes and plants to act as filters. Such techniques would include using grass parking and turf covered swales. Many of these techniques, such as reversed elevations for planted areas in parking lots, can demonstrate benefits both as natural filters and for the vegetation that are used since it eliminates the need to water them with irrigation systems. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Basic Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bioretention System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Constructed Wetland. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Filter Strips. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Reversed Elevations System for Parking Lots and Planting Areas. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Riparian Forest Buffer. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Roadway Landscape Treatment System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Biofiltration Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Pond Design. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Wet Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008]. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. |
Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Golf Course Operations; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Biological Stormwater Retention/Detention | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of natural structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. These structures are typically characterized as retention ponds and incorporate natural vegetation such as grass. These ponds may be dry, or may drain into nearby wetlands. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Retention/Detention | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that retain runoff water for further treatment or controlled release. Water collection can be selective, targeting the first flush of water, which is typically the most polluted. Water retention has the additional benefit of later release at a place and time when the water is needed (e.g. for irrigation). Rainwater Collection Systems (#11) can be an important water resource in areas where freshwater is limited. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Combined Infiltration/Detention Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Detention Devices for Dry/Wet Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Extended Detention Ponds. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. Poresky, A., Clary, J., Strecker, E., and Earles, A. 2011. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database. Technical Summary: Volume Reduction. Geosyntec Consultants. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Water and Sediment Control Basin. CODE 638. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Volume Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Climate; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Filtration | This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that trap or filter impurities out of runoff water. These include but are not limited to, using swales, filter strips, oil/water separators, oil/grit separators, and sand filters. Often structural retrofitting is coupled with biological filters/controls to direct water as desired and to fully reap the benefits of both systems. Structural filters are often incorporated into retention/detention and infiltration systems as well. One disadvantage of structural filters is that they are often higher maintenance as sand and chambers fill and clog with pollutants over time. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Compost Filter System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Median Strip Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montgomery County Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Off-Line Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Oil/Water Separators. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Organic Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Peat Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Perimeter Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pocket Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rockville Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Sediment Basin (Water Quality Enhancement). Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Side-by-Side Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Trench with Oil/Grit Chamber. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Under-the-Swale Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Quality Volume (WQV) Storage Tank. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011. Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008]. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. US EPA. EPA Filtration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Manufactured Products for Stormwater Inlets. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Alum Injection. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. |
Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Stormwater Pollution Reduction Through Instituting Preventitive Best Management Practices | This method focuses on reducing the amount of harmful contaminants in stormwater runoff by establishing Best Management Practices that prevent the generation of the pollutant to begin with. These BMPs include educational programs, infrastructure improvements and agricultural BMPs. Examples of educational programs would be programs that educate the public on the importance of, and how to avoid depositing hazardous wastes, such as oil, into storm drains, or how to use landscape management controls to limit the chemical and debris that from enter stormwater runoff from their personal lawns. Infrastructure improvement could include the use of alternative turnarounds and street cleaning. Agricultural practices such as roofs and covers for pesticides and equipment, or use of bedding are both preventative stormwater practices. Some additional specific practices include: controlling fertilizer application, properly using and disposing of fertilizers, pesticides, motor oil, and other harmful chemicals, debris removal, exposure reduction, minimization of pollutants, parking lot cleaning, stormwater catch basin insert, eliminate curbs and gutters, green parking, green roofs, street design and patterns, bedding. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. US EPA. Alternative Turnarounds. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Eliminate Curbs and Gutters. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Green Parking. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. US EPA. Street Design and Patterns. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011. Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices. |
Agriculture; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Housing; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Mining; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Industry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Stormwater BMPs: Rainwater Collection Systems | Creating a rainwater collection system (either through policy change or the initiative of homeowners) would help in many ways. These systems would utilize water in an efficient manner. It would reduce the pressure of water as a finite resource. Water would be collected and utilized before it reaches the ground. Once rain falls to the ground, it picks up nutrients, chemicals, and pathogens on the ground and transports them in the form of runoff. Eventually this contaminated stormwater runoff enters water resources through the drainage basin. Collecting a considerable amount of water would prevent contamination of that water, and allow for it to be usable. Also, it would reduce the amount of water that is lost when it is contaminated as runoff. An overall reduced amount of stormwater runoff would reduce the amount of contaminants that would harm corals. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cisterns used for water harvesting. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011. Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc. |
Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shelter; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Transportation Policy: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards | The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAF�) standards is to reduce fuel consumption by increasing the fuel economy of cars and light trucks. NHTSA sets fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the US while EPA calculates the average fuel economy for each manufacturer. Since the standard only dictates the average fuel economy, manufacturers can sell vehicles with higher or lower fuel economy than the standard. | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE). Accessed 8/11/2011. |
Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Industry; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies |
Water Quality Management: Treating Effluent Water Through Wetlands | Additional treatment of sewage is often a necessary management option because secondary treatment alone leaves 20,000 times more nutrients in the water than the safe limit for corals. High concentrations of nutrients in the water leads to eutrophication, and coral reefs are more sensitive to nutrient enrichment than any other coastal system. Wetlands are extremely successful at reducing nitrogen levels in water. Using natural wetlands or "living machines" to perform this task can actually be more cost effective than further sewage treatment. Each successive wetland treatment cell of the series can provide incredible levels of denitrification, and thus protect corals from nutrient enrichment. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2003. Waste Treatment Lagoon. CODE 359. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. |
Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Primary Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Water Quality Management: Wastewater Management System Standards | This management option involves reducing the amount of pollutants entering groundwater by enforcing existing standards. Inspection and compliance programs for cesspits, Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) and septic tanks are necessary to do this. Municipal sewage treatment plants have a variety of means to meet these standards, including improving management of current treatment systems or upgrading treatment systems with newer technology. Some of these technologies include: Continuous-Flow, Suspended-Growth Aerobic Systems (CFSGAS), Fixed-film, Sequencing batch reactor systems, Stabilization ponds, FWS constructed wetlands, and other aquatic systems (#2), Enhanced nutrient removal: phosphorus & nitrogen, Recirculating sand/media filters and Land treatment systems. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Center for Watershed Protection. 2004. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination. US EPA. US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA. |
Chemical Variables; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Stream Bank Riparian Plantings | Planting native vegetation and trees in riparian zones helps to reduce erosion within channels. Such vegetation helps anchor the soil and sediment in place. Planting in riparian zones goes in hand with Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure (#274). This management option can be exercised in streams, canals used for boat passage, stormwater drainage ditches, or in agricultural irrigation channels. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Carbon Storage & Cycling; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Sediment; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Utilities; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Lagoon Restoration | Many times lagoons/wetlands are filled for urban development, agricultural development, etc. Lagoons/wetlands are a sink for nutrients, sediment, and contaminants. Wetlands close to reef watersheds can be huge contributors to reef health. This is because wetlands intercept surface-water runoff from higher, drier land and retain excess nutrients and pollutants. Also, lagoons are beneficial because they provide habitat for an array of wildlife. Overall, they can greatly reduce the amount nutrient-contaminated water that reaches corals. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Chapter 13, Part 650. Wetland Restoration, Enhancement or Creation. Engineering Field Handbook. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Supporting Services; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Waterway Management: Remove Previous Canal and Irrigation Infrastructure | Canal and irrigation infrastructure typically includes concrete structures to control the flow of water. These low head dams, bulkheads, concrete footers, and other structures act as constricting forces in channels. This constriction leads to debris becoming lodged and thus changing the erosive forces. In turn, banks become destabilized. Channel erosion then increases along with bed scour and sediment transport. Removing these structures and making banks more gradual has the added benefit of allowing for riparian vegetation to be planted, which acts as a natural buffer. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Physical Damage; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
Waterway Management: Manage Canal Water Quality | This management option addresses water quality issues that may arise from nearshore, confined areas, specifically dead-end canals. This management response does not focus on wastewater discharges into canals, but instead on the hydrologic structure and orientation of the canal itself. Physical problems with canal orientation can lead to such problems as low flushing and build-up of weed wrack. This is a problem because the build-up of weed wrack consumes oxygen and releases nutrients as it decays. When combined with low flushing and circulation, dead end canals have decreased oxygen concentrations, accelerated eutrophication, and accumulate organic materials, pollutants and sediment. To improve the current canal system, management can inventory and map canals to identify high risk hotspots and candidates for future canal restoration projects. Canals are typically constructed to best suit the water access needs of local homes and businesses. Preventing high risk canals from being constructed, or placing certain requirements on their construction through permitting is one way to reduce future problem spots. Some design strategies include: Construct non-linear canals without right-angles and flared inlets oriented to prevailing winds. Instead of dead-ends, canals should include a flow through water exchange system or install mechanical pumps. Canals should be as wide as possible in relation to depth and length. Canal depth should be uniform or progressively shallower away from the parent waterbody, with sloping banks (eliminate requirements for navigable depths to shoreline). Some canal improvement strategies include: Implement weed gates, air curtains, and aeration systems. Direct all stormwater and effluent away from canal systems. Reduce bulkheading and restore native vegetative buffers (#1). Promote diversity of substrates and habitats. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands |
Waterway Management: Aquatic Organism Passage | This management action allows for upstream and downstream passage for fish and other aquatic organisms. The passage of these organisms is often restricted by barriers which must be modified, removed, or worked around with fishways. Sites should be evaluated for variations in discharge, tidal influence, hydraulics, geomorphic impacts, sediment transport and continuity, and organic debris movement. | Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Water Resources |
Laws
Legal Citation | Purpose of Law | Management Organization | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Air Pollution Control, 62-204 Florida Administrative Code (1996). | 62-204.100 Purpose and Scope.
(1) This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods.
(2) In addition, this chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have been adopted; further designates certain attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as air quality maintenance areas for particular pollutants; classifies all areas of the state as Class I, Class II, or Class III for determining which set of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments apply; and designates all attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as one or more PSD areas for determining which pollutant-specific PSD baseline dates apply. This chapter also sets forth procedures for redesignating and reclassifying areas as above.
(3) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to identify the Florida State Implementation Plan (SIP) required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51; to set forth the public notice and hearing requirements that the Department will adhere to for making SIP revisions; and to set forth the definitions, criteria, and procedures that the Department will use to review a federal agency�s general conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; and to adopt by reference an interagency memorandum of agreement that the Department will comply with to review any transportation conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart T. The provisions to 40 C.F.R. 51.853 require that a federal agency make a general conformity determination for any federal agency action in a nonattainment or maintenance area, to ensure that such action is consistent with the SIP and that such federal conformity determination be reviewed by the affected state. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. 51.394 require that a transportation conformity determination be made for the adoption, acceptance, approval, or support of certain transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, and transportation projects in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants to ensure that such actions are consistent with the SIP.
(4) Finally, this chapter adopts and incorporates by reference federal air pollution control regulations which are referenced in whole or in part throughout the Department�s air pollution control rules. Application to Coral Reefs:By reducing emmissions to air, particularly carbon dioxide, the pH of ocean waters will not be reduced and that is a direct benefit to coral reefs, since a reduction in pH is believed to be detrimental to corals. Legislative Actions:The Chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassified with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have benn adopted. Comments:This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: |
Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
American Antiquities Act of 1906, 16 United States Code §§ 431-433. | The Act provides penalties for unauthorized collection, excavation, or destruction of historic or prehistoric ruins, monuments, or objects of antiquity on lands owned or controlled by the United States. It authorized that areas of extrodinary geographical, historical , aesthetic value can be designated national monuments. Application to Coral Reefs:Has been used by Presidential Proclamation in 2001 to expand or create two national monuments; the Virgin Islands Coral Reef Monument and the Buck Island Reef National Monument. The monuments include coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments: |
National Park Service Jurisdiction: United States |
City Planning; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Coral; Docks & Marinas; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management |
Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, 18-18 Florida Administrative Code. | 18-18.001 Intent.
(1) The Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, the boundaries of which are fully described in Rule 18-18.002, F.A.C., was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.
(2) These rules shall apply to all lands public and private within the boundaries of the preserve. However, privately owned uplands shall be excluded from these rules except as otherwise provided for herein.
(3) In promulgating and implementing these rules, it is the intent of the Department to construe the provisions of Sections 258.397 and 258.35 through 258.46, F.S., together and to apply the more stringent statutory provisions for the maintenance of the preserve.
(4) The preserve shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals:
(a) To preserve, protect, and enhance Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay by reasonable regulation of human activity within the preserve through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program;
(b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserve so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating and fishing;
(c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the legislature in creating the preserve;
(d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the Act and these rules, to assist in managing the preserve;
(e) To encourage activities that protect or enhance the biological and aesthetic values of the preserve, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions towards their natural condition, when reviewing applications or developing and implementing management plans for the preserve;
(f) To preserve and promote indigenous life forms and habitats including but not limited to sponges, soft corals, hard corals, seagrasses, mangroves, mud flats, marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, marine mammals, tropical marine invertebrates, birds and shellfish;
(g) To acquire additional title interests in land wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological or aesthetic values of the preserve. Application to Coral Reefs:Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve protection of water quality will contribute to a lowering of contaminants leaving the preserve on tides and thus limiting the contaminants that reach off-shore ecosystems including the FKNMS and the reef system within the sanctuary. Legislative Actions: Comments:This chapter establishes the rules to protect the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve, which was established for the purpose of preserving and enhancing Biscayne Bay and all natural waterways tidally connected to the bay in an essentially natural condition so that its biological and aesthetic values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: Designated Marine Areas |
Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Debris; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Chapter 13: Environmental protection, 12 Virgin Islands Code. | Establishes an environmental protection program for land development to prevent soil erosion and for the conservation of beaches, shorelines, and the coastal zone of USVI. Rules and Regulations were to prevent improper development of land and harmful environmental changes. Application to Coral Reefs:The Earth Change Plan review will indicate any adverse environmental impacts, including those that could effect coral reefs such as sedimentation. Legislative Actions:The law requires an "Earth Change Plan" from the Department of Planning and Natural Resources before any land can be cleared, graded, filled, or otherwise disturbed. Violation from the approved Earth Change Plan is punishable by a fine of $200 per day per violation. Violation of other portions of the Chapter is punishable by $5,000 fine or one year imprisionment per violation. Development in the first tierof the coastal zone requires a coastal zone permit. Comments:Chapter 13 includes comprehensive erosion and sediment control measures applicable to public and private developments including construction and maintenance of streets and roads. |
US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US Virgin Islands |
Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management; Shoreline Armoring |
Chapter 3: Trees and vegetation next to waterways, 12 Virgin Islands Code. | Establishes buffer zone for protecting natural watercourses from vegetation clearing. The buffer zone either 30 feet from the center of the natural watercourse, or 25 feet from its edge, whichever is greater. Application to Coral Reefs:Assists in erosion control and can protect reefs from harmful sedimentation, if the stream or river sediment is capable of reaching the coral reef. Vegetation along river and stream banks will remove nutrients and assist in preventing eutrophocation of waters that can reach coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Enforcement is by conservation officers with assistance from local police when required. Penalties are fines of not more than $100, or 180 days in jail, or both Comments:Permits can be obtained if the purpose of clearing is for development. |
US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US Virgin Islands |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management; Shoreline Protection; Wetlands |
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1451-1456. | Preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the Nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present. Legislative Actions:In addition, the Act authorized a national system of estuarine sanctuaries and the establishment of national field laboratories with a 50/50 cost-sharing grants with coastal states. Comments: |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States; State Coastal Waters |
City Planning; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended through 2004,. | A voluntary national program to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans and requires that "any federal activity within or outside of the coastal zone that affects any land or water use or natural resource of the coastal zone" shall be "consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the enforceable policies" of a state's coastal zone management plan. The law includes an Enhancement Grants program for protecting, restoring, or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands. It also establishes the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, guidelines for estuarine research, and financial assistance for land acquisition. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present. Legislative Actions:The 1985 amendments (PL 99-272) established the National Estuarine Reserve Research System a State-Federal process for designating national reserves and guidelines for estuarine research.The 1990 amendments (PL 101-508) established new Enhancement Grants for eight specific areas, including protecting, restoring or enhancing existing coastal wetlands or creating new coastal wetlands and assessing the cumulative effects of coastal development on coastal wetlands and fishery resource. Also, the 1990 statute established a new Coastal Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. The 1998 and 2004 (PL 105-383 and PL 108-456) established a program for the prevention and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia, and included authorization for a representative of the Department of Interior to assess the economic and ecological impacts of algal blooms and hypoxia. Comments:If implemented, the programs for economic, ecological and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia would be useful for coral reef issues. |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Economic Markets & Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Delineation of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters, 62-340 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2000). | The Rule's intent is to provide a unified statewide methodology for the delineation of the extent of wetlands to satisfy the mandate of Section 373.421, F. S. Application to Coral Reefs:Preservation of wetlands will allow them to continue to function as buffers for sediment and contaminant control keeping them from reaching estuarine and marine waters and eventually habitats including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative and methodological for delineation purposes. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Drinking Water Supply; Energy Policy & Development; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands |
Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986, 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. | Promote the conservations of wetlands for public benefit and to assist in the compliance with international obligations under various treaties and conventions for migratory birds. Application to Coral Reefs:Indirect application to protection of coral reefs through wetland functions of nutrient (particularly nitrogen) and sediment removal from land-based discharges prior to their entrance into open coastal waters. Legislative Actions:Authorizied the purchase of wetlands from the land and Water Conservation Fund monies. Required States to include wetlands in their Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans. Comments:Secretary of Interior was required to establish a National Wetland Priority Conservation Plan to identify the locations and types of wetlands that should be priorities for state and federal acquisition. The Act established various fee schedules for entering national wildlife refuges. |
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Environmental resource permitting procedures, 62-343 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2003). | The rule provides the procedural requirements for processing environmental resource permits and obtaining formal determinations of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters. Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring permits for projects related to environmental resources will indirectly protect environmental habitats. The permits are related to stormwater managemnt systems including discharges to wetlands. The permit conditions can limit toxics, nutrients and sediment that would be discharged to the environment if the rule were not in place. Legislative Actions:The rule is procedural and does not have fines or penalties. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Permitting & Zoning; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands |
Environmental Resource Permitting, 62-330 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2005). | Under the Chapter, DEP exercises its independent authority under Part IV, Chapter 373, F.S., to regulate surface water management systems, including activities in, on or over wetlands or other surface waters. The term "surface water management system" or "system" include stormwater mangement systems, dams, impoundments, reservoirs, appurtenant works, or works, or any combination thereof, and includes dredging and filling. "Dredging" means excavation, by any means, in surface waters or wetlands Application to Coral Reefs:Regulating stormwater management systems, dams, reservoirs and dredging will contribute to controlling contaminates from entering estuarine and marine environments and protect ecosystems including coral reefs., Legislative Actions:Individual permits will contain the conditions for environmental protection. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge |
Exec. Order No. 11988, Management of Flood Prone Areas, 42 Federal Register 2691 (1977). | This order requires all federal agencies to take action and avoid to the extent possible, adverse impacts over the short and long term associated with the occupation and modification of flood prone areas and to avoid direct or indirect aid to the development of flood prone areas whenever there is a viable alternative. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
Federal Agencies Jurisdiction: United States |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Landuse Management; Public Administration |
Florida Aquatic Preserves, 18-20 Florida Administrative Code. | 18-20.001 Intent.
(1) All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency.
(2) Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations.
(3) The preserves shall be administered and managed in accordance with the following goals: (a) To preserve, protect, and enhance these exceptional areas of sovereignty submerged lands by reasonable regulation of
human activity within the preserves through the development and implementation of a comprehensive management program; (b) To protect and enhance the waters of the preserves so that the public may continue to enjoy the traditional recreational uses of those waters such as swimming, boating, and fishing; (c) To coordinate with federal, state, and local agencies to aid in carrying out the intent of the Legislature in creating the preserves; (d) To use applicable federal, state, and local management programs, which are compatible with the intent and provisions of the act and these rules, and to assist in managing the preserves; (e) To encourage the protection, enhancement or restoration of the biological, aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves, including but not limited to the modification of existing manmade conditions toward their natural condition, and discourage
activities which would degrade the aesthetic, biological, or scientific values, or the quality, or utility of a preserve, when reviewing applications, or when developing and implementing management plans for the preserves; (f) To preserve, promote, and utilize indigenous life forms and habitats, including but not limited to: sponges, soft coral, hard corals, submerged grasses, mangroves, salt water marshes, fresh water marshes, mud flats, estuarine, aquatic, and marine reptiles, game and non-game fish species, estuarine, aquatic and marine invertebrates, estuarine, aquatic and marine mammals, birds, shellfish and mollusks; (g) To acquire additional title interests in lands wherever such acquisitions would serve to protect or enhance the biological,
aesthetic, or scientific values of the preserves; (h) To maintain those beneficial hydrologic and biologic functions, the benefits of which accrue to the public at large. (4) Nothing in these rules shall serve to eliminate or alter the requirements or authority of other governmental agencies, including counties and municipalities, to protect or enhance the preserves provided that such requirements or authority are not inconsistent with the act and this chapter. Application to Coral Reefs:By maintaining coastal aquatic preserves in their natural condition, mangrove forests, wetlands and submerged aquatic vegetation will perform the functions of being sediment traps and removing some contaminants such as nutrients. Therefore, they will not reach marine ecosystems including coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments:Aquatic preserves which are described in Part II of Chapter 258, Florida Statutes, were established for the purpose of being preserved in an essentially natural or existing condition so that their aesthetic, biological and scientific values may endure for the enjoyment of future generations. All sovereignty lands within a preserve shall be managed primarily for the maintenance of essentially natural conditions, the propagation of fish and wildlife, and public recreation, including hunting and fishing where deemed appropriate by the Board, and the managing agency. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Waste Management Policies |
General permit for activities seaward of the coastal construction control line, 62B-34 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2010). | To implement the provisions of Section 161.053(19) F. S. providing General Permits for activities performed seaward of the Coastal Construction Control line. Persons wishing to use one or more of the General Permits as set forth in Part II of this rule chapter shall be subject to the notice provisions of subsection 62B-34.030(4) F. A. C. before any activity is conducted as authorized herein.The general conditions provided pursuant to Section 62-B34-0.50, F. A. C. , shall apply to all of the General Permits issued under this rule chapter. Strict compliance with all of the terms, conditions, requirements, limitations, and restrictions applicable to a desired General Permit under this rule chapter is required to qualify for such a permit. Application to Coral Reefs:The rule requires erosion control BMP. Therefore, sediment from construction will not enter the marine environment and damage coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Civil fines are applicable for work done that was not authorized in the permit. Comments: |
Florida Departrment of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring |
Identification of impaired surface waters, 62-303 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2002). | The Chapter established a methodology to identify surface waters of the state that will be included on the state's planning list of waters that will be assessed pursuant to subsections 403.067(2) and (3), Florida Statutes. It also establishes a methodology to identify impaired waters based on representative data that will be included on the state's verified list of impaired waters, for which the Department will calculate Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDLs), pursuant to subsection 403.067(4), F.S., and which will be submitted to the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to paragraph 303(d)(1) of the Clean Water Act (CWA). Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats. Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Microorganisms; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965, 16 United States Code § 4601. | Provides funding through receipts from the sale of surplus federal land, appropriations from oil and gas receipts from the outer continental shelf, and other sources of land acquisition. Appropriations from the fund may be used for matching grants to states for outdoor recreation projects and for land acquisition by various federal agencies, including the Fish and Wildlife Service. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of wetlands benefits coral reefs through nutrient removal and the control of sedimentation so that they do not enter near shore waters. Legislative Actions:The legislation was amended in 1986 by the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act and required the States to identify the agencies and organizations involved in wetland management, evaluate existing and proposed wetlands protection mechanisms, assess wetlands resources, identify wetlands loss and degradation factors, and establish priorities for protection. Comments: |
National Park Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Donations; Landuse Management; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management |
Mangrove Trimming and Preservation Act, 403.9321-403.9333 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). | It is the intent of the Legislature to protect and preserve mangrove resources valuable to our environmentand economy from unregulated removal, defoliation, and destruction. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection and preservation of wetland systems, including mangroves, allow the systems to act as buffers to remove nutrients and sediment that could reach coral reefs and cause damage. Legislative Actions:Permits are required prior to any trimming. A Professional Mangrove Trimmer must be present when work is being performed. Penalties can include restoration and/or mitigation. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Apex Fish Predators; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Birds; Non-Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Shoreline Protection |
Mitigation Banking, 62-342 Florida Administrative Code. | (1) The Department recognizes that, in certain instances, adverse impacts of activities regulated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., can be offset through the utilization of mitigation credits from a permitted Mitigation Bank. This rule provides criteria for this mitigation alternative to complement existing mitigation criteria and requirements. This chapter is supplemental to and does not supersede any other criteria and requirements in rules promulgated under Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S.
(2) The Department intends that Mitigation Banks be used to minimize mitigation uncertainty associated with traditional mitigation practices and provide greater assurance of mitigation success. It is anticipated that the consolidation of multiple mitigation projects into larger contiguous areas will provide greater assurance that the mitigation will yield long-term, sustainable, regional ecological benefits. Mitigation Banks shall be consistent with Department endorsed watershed management objectives and emphasize restoration and enhancement of degraded ecosystems and the preservation of uplands and wetlands as intact ecosystems rather than alteration of landscapes to create wetlands. This is best accomplished through restoration of ecological communities that were historically present. The establishment and use of Mitigation Banks in or adjacent to areas of national, state, or regional ecological significance is encouraged, provided the area in which the Mitigation Bank is proposed to be located is determined appropriate for a Mitigation Bank and the Mitigation Bank meets all applicable permitting criteria.
(3) Nothing in this chapter shall affect the mitigation requirements set forth in any Mitigation Bank agreement or any permit issued under Chapter 84-79, Laws of Florida, or Part IV of Chapter 373, F.S., prior to February 2, 1994. If a permittee wishes to substantially modify a Mitigation Bank previously established by agreement or permit, the permittee must comply with this chapter. Additionally, some Mitigation Banks may be subject to the version of this section existing prior to July 1, 1996, under subsections 373.4136(9) and (10), F.S., and will not be affected by amendments adopted after that date. This chapter does not prohibit an applicant from proposing project-specific, pre-construction on-site or off-site mitigation, without establishing a Mitigation Bank. Application to Coral Reefs:Mitigation banking in coastal wetlands, as presented in the Chapter, can provide large areas of functioning wetlands. The wetlands can function as sediment and nutrient traps keeping sediment and nutrients from entering coastal waters and damaging marine ecosystems including coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments:Establishes the regulations and permitting requirements for mitigation banks. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Docks & Marinas; Educational & Research Opportunities; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ports & Harbors; Shoreline Armoring; Waste Management Policies |
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 as amended through 1982,. | Declared a national policy that will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment : promote efforts that will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere: stimulate the health and welfare of resources important to the Nation and establish a Council on Environmental Quality. Application to Coral Reefs:Re-athorizes NEPA of 1969. Provides additional funding. Legislative Actions:The Act potentially could protect coral reefs if the proposed federal project could have a significant impact on the reef. Comments:The amendments did not add regulations to the Act |
Federal Agencies Jurisdiction: United States |
Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Educational & Research Opportunities; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Mining; Oil & Gas Industry; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Toxics; Transportation; Waterborne Discharges |
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 United States Code §§ 4321-4377. | Requires analysis, public comment, and reporting for environmental impacts of federal actions. It stipulates the factors to be considered in environmental impact statements, and requires that federal agencies employ an interdisciplinary approach in related decision-making and develop means to ensure unqualified environmental values are given appropriate consideration, along with economic and technical considerations. Application to Coral Reefs:Requires an Environmental Assessment(EA), and potentially an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) if the project review finds there will be a significant impact. The EIS must detail the environmental impacts of the proposed action, unavoidable adverse environmental impacts, and alternatives to the proposed action. The resulting studies could protect sensitive environmental ecosystems, including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Act potentially could protect coral reefs if the proposed federal project could have a significant impact on the reef. Comments:The Act is completely procedural; it does not include specific regulations. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) was created by the Act. CEQ is part of the Executive Office of the President and one of the CEQ directives is to ensure that federal programs comply with NEPA. The puprose of the EIS is to disclose to the public and resource managers the probable long- and short-term impacts of the proposed project as well as consideration of less environmentally damaging alternatives to the recommended course of action. |
Federal agencies Jurisdiction: United States |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Marine Debris; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands |
National Park Service Organic Act of 1916, 16 United States Code § 1. | The Act was created to start the National Park Service within the Department of Interior for the purpose of promoting and regulating the use of federal areas such as national parks and monuments. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions:Created the National Park Service to be supervised by a Director. Comments: |
National Park Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invasive Species; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Permitting & Zoning; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies |
National Park Service, Department of Interior,. | To conserve the scenery, natural and historic objects, and wildlife of the National Parks; and to provide for the enjoyment of those resources in a sustainable manner. Regulations provide for the proper use, management, government, and protection of persons, property, and natural and cultural resources within areas under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
National Park Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies |
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, 16 United States Code § 66. | The Act defines the National Wildlife Refuge System and authorizes the Secretary of Interior to permit any use of a refuge provided such use is compatible with the major purpose for which the refuge was established. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Serice Jurisdiction: United States |
Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Construction Codes & Projects; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Donations; Landuse Management; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies |
Regulation of stormwater discharge, 62-25 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1988). | The discharge of untreated stormwater may reasonably be expected to be a source of pollution of waters of the state and is, therefore, subject to Department regulation. The Departmnet shall prevent pollution of waters of the state by discharges of stormwater, to ensure that the designated most beneficial uses of waters, as prescribed by Chapter 62-302, F.A.C., are protected. A permit under this chapter will be required only for new stormwater discharge facilities as defined herein. This provision shall not affect the Department's authority to require appropriate corrective action, pursuant to Sections 403.121-.161.F.S., whenever existing facilities cause or contribute to violations of state water quality standards. Stormwater discharges to groundwaters shall be regulated under the provisions of Chapters 62-520 and 62-522, F.A.C., and other applicable rules of the Department. The Department intends that, to the greatest extent practicable, the provisions of this chapter be delegated to either local governments or water management districts seeking such delegation. Application to Coral Reefs:Limiting the contaminants and their concentrations in stormwater discharge will reduce the contamination reaching various habitats, including coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments: |
Floridfa Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Impervious Surfaces; Landuse Management; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Sediment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 33 United States Code § 1252. | This law prohibits the discharge of any type of refuse matter in U.S. waters without permission (section 13). In addition, the excavation, fill, or alteration of the course, condition, or capacity of any port, channel, river, or other areas within the limits of this law is prohibited. This law prohibits the construction or alteration of a structure in wetlands of the U.S. (sections 9 and 10). Construction in wetlands and waters of the U.S. requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Application to Coral Reefs:Under section 10, excavation or fill within navigable waters requires approval of the Chief of Engineers and concerns about contaminated sediments with dredge and fill projects in navigable waters is addressed within the permitting process. Indirect protection of coral reefs is offered by the Act and its prohibition of dumping refuse into navigable waters and the process of anaylzing sediment in proposed dredge and fill operations. Legislative Actions:Violations of the law are punished under section 309 of the Clean Water Act and section 205 of National Fishing Enhancement Act. Fines imposed for violation will not be less than $10,000 per violation or more than $25,000 per violation. Comments:Many states, including Florida, require additional permits for constuction of docks, piers, wharfs, jetties and other structures in navigable waters and wetlands in addition to the Corps of Engineers permit. Authority to issue permits for discharge of refuse matter under section 13 was modified by the amendments to Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 and established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit process. The Act was initially established to protect interstate commerce in navigable waters. The permit review process involves factors including economics, aethetics, general envitonmental concerns, historical values, water quality, and fish and wildlife impact before project approval is granted. |
US Army Corps of Engineers (COE), and US Coast Guard Jurisdiction: United States |
Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies |
Rules and Procedures for Coastal Construction and Excavation, 62B-033 Florida Administrative Code (2008). | (1) The beach and dune system is an integral part of the coastal system and represents one of the most valuable natural resources in Florida, providing protection to adjacent upland properties, recreational areas, and habitat for wildlife. A coastal construction control line (CCCL) is intended to define that portion of the beach and dune system which is subject to severe fluctuations caused by a 100-year storm surge, storm waves, or other forces such as wind, wave, or water level changes. These fluctuations are a necessary part of the natural functioning of the coastal system and are essential to post-storm recovery, long term stability, and the preservation of the beach and dune system. However, imprudent human activities can adversely interfere with these natural processes and alter the integrity and functioning of the beach and dune system. The control line and 50-foot setback call attention to the special hazards and impacts associated with the use of such property, but do not preclude all development or alteration of coastal property seaward of such lines.
(2) In order to demonstrate that construction is eligible for a permit, the applicant shall provide the Department with sufficient information pertaining to the proposed project to show that adverse and other impacts associated with the construction have been minimized and that the construction will not result in a significant adverse impact.
(3) After reviewing all information required pursuant to this rule chapter, the Department shall:
(a) Deny any application for an activity which either individually or cumulatively would result in a significant adverse impact including potential cumulative effects. In assessing the cumulative effects of a proposed activity, the Department shall consider the short-term and long-term impacts and the direct and indirect impacts the activity would cause in combination with existing structures in the area and any other similar activities already permitted or for which a permit application is pending within the same fixed coastal cell. The impact assessment shall include the anticipated effects of the construction on the coastal system and marine turtles. Each application shall be evaluated on its own merits in making a permit decision; therefore, a decision by the Department to grant a permit shall not constitute a commitment to permit additional similar construction within the same fixed coastal cell.
(b) Deny any application for an activity where the project has not met the Department�s siting and design criteria; has not minimized adverse and other impacts, including stormwater runoff; or has not provided mitigation of adverse impacts.
(4) The Department shall issue a permit for construction which an applicant has shown to be clearly justified by demonstrating that all standards, guidelines, and other requirements set forth in the applicable provisions of Part I, Chapter 161, F.S., and this rule chapter are met, including the following:
(a) The construction will not result in removal or destruction of native vegetation which will either destabilize a frontal, primary, or significant dune or cause a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system due to increased erosion by wind or water;
(b) The construction will not result in removal or disturbance of in situ sandy soils of the beach and dune system to such a degree that a significant adverse impact to the beach and dune system would result from either reducing the existing ability of the system to resist erosion during a storm or lowering existing levels of storm protection to upland properties and structures;
(c) The construction will not direct discharges of water or other fluids in a seaward direction and in a manner that would result in significant adverse impacts. Forthe purposes of this rule section, construction shall be designed so as to minimize erosion induced surface water runoff within the beach and dune system and to prevent additional seaward or off-site discharges associated with a coastal storm event.
(d) The construction will not result in the net excavation of the in situ sandy soils seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback;
(e) The construction will not cause an increase in structure-induced scour of such magnitude during a storm that the structure-induced scour would result in a significant adverse impact;
(f) The construction will minimize the potential for wind and waterborne missiles during a storm;
(g) The activity will not interfere with public access, as defined in Section 161.021, F.S.; and
(h) The construction will not cause a significant adverse impact to marine turtles, or the coastal system.
(5) In order for a manmade frontal dune to be considered as a frontal dune defined under Section 161.053(6)(a)1., F.S., the manmade frontal dune shall be constructed to meet or exceed the protective value afforded by the natural frontal dune system in the immediate area of the subject shoreline. Prior to the issuance of a permit for a single-family dwelling meeting the criteria of Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., the manmade frontal dune must be maintained for a minimum of 12 months and be demonstrated to be as stable and sustainable as the natural frontal dune system.
(6) Sandy material excavated seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback shall be maintained on site seaward of the control line or 50-foot setback and be placed in the immediate area of construction unless otherwise specifically authorized by the Department.
(7) Swimming pools, wading pools, waterfalls, spas, or similar type water structures are expendable structures and shall be sited so that their failure does not have adverse impact on the beach and dune system, any adjoining major structures, or any coastal protection structure. Pools sited within close proximity to a significant dune shall be elevated either partially or totally above the original grade to minimize excavation and shall not cause a net loss of material from the immediate area of the pool. All pools shall be designed to minimize any permanent excavation seaward of the CCCL.
(8) Major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the beach and frontal dune to permit natural shoreline fluctuations, to preserve and protect beach and dune system stability, and to allow natural recovery to occur following storm-induced erosion. Where a rigid coastal structure exists, proposed major structures shall be located a sufficient distance landward of the rigid coastal structure to allow for future maintenance or repair of the rigid coastal structure. Although fishing piers shall be exempt from this provision, their foundation piles shall be located so as to allow for the maintenance and repair of any rigid coastal structure that is located in close proximity to the pier.(9) If in the immediate area a number of existing major structures have established a reasonably continuous and uniform construction line and if the existing structures have not been unduly affected by erosion, except where not allowed by the requirements of Section 161.053(6), F.S., and this rule chapter, the Department shall issue a permit for the construction of a similar structure up to that line.
(10) In considering applications for single-family dwellings proposed to be located seaward of the 30-year erosion projection pursuant to Section 161.053(6), F.S., the Department shall require structures to meet criteria in Section 161.053(6)(c), F.S., and all other siting and design criteria established in this rule chapter.
(11) In considering project impacts to native salt-tolerant vegetation, the Department shall evaluate the type and extent of native salt-tolerant vegetation, the degree and extent of disturbance by invasive nuisance species and mechanical and other activities, the protective value to adjacent structures and natural plant communities, the protective value to the beach and dune system, and the impacts to marine turtle nesting and hatchlings. The Department shall restrict activities that lower the protective value of natural and intact beach and dune, coastal strand, and maritime hammock plant communities. Activities that result in the removal of protective root systems or reduce the vegetation�s sand trapping and stabilizing properties of salt tolerant vegetation are considered to lower its protective value. Construction shall be located, where practicable, in previously disturbed areas or areas with non-native vegetation in lieu of areas of native plant communities when the placement does not increase adverse impact to the beach and dune system. Planting of invasive nuisance plants, such as those listed in the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council�s 2005 List of Invasive Species � Categories I and II, will not be authorized if the planting will result in removal or destruction of existing dune-stabilizing native vegetation or if the planting is to occur on or seaward of the dune system. A copy of this list is available on the Internet at www.fleppc.org; or can be obtained by writing to the Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, Mail Station 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000; or by telephoning (850) 488-7708. Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction and the remediation of construction impacts shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect native salt-tolerant vegetation and native plant communities. A construction fence, a designated location for construction access or storage of equipment and materials, and a restoration plan shall be required if necessary for protection of existing native salt-tolerant vegetation during construction.
(12) Special conditions relative to the nature, timing, and sequence of construction shall be placed on permitted activities when necessary to protect marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. In marine turtle nesting areas, all forms of lighting shall be shielded or otherwise designed so as not to disturb marine turtles. Tinted glass or similar light control measures shall be used for windows and doors which are visible from the nesting areas of the beach. The Department shall suspend any permitted construction when the permittee has not provided the required protection for marine turtles and their nests and nesting habitat. Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation of coastal construction through permit review and modification will protect coastal ecosystems from degradation and loss and in doing so protects other marine ecosystems including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Chapter 62B-33 Florida Administrative Code, provides the design and siting requirements that must be met to obtain a coastal construction control line permit.Approval or denial of a permit application is based upon a review of the potential impacts to the beach dune system, adjacentproperties, native salt resistant vegetation, and marine turtles. Comments:The Coastal Construction Control Line (CCCL) is an essential element of Florida's coastal management program. It provides protection for Florida's beaches and dunes while assuring reasonable use of private property. Recognizing the value of the state's beaches, the Florida legislature initiated the Coastal Construction Contorl Line Program to protect the coastal system from improperly sited and designed structures which can destabilize or destroy the beach and dune system. Once destabilized, the valuable natural resources are lost, as are its important values for recreation, upland property protection and environmental habitat. Adoption of a coastal construction line establishes an area of jurisdiction in which special siting and design criteria are applied for construction and related activities.These standards may be more stringent than those already applied in the rest of the coastal building zone because of the greater forces expected to occur in the more seaward zone of the beach during a storm event. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Beach & Land Formation; Building & Home Construction; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Construction Codes & Projects; Cruise Ships; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level |
Surface water quality standards in table format, 62.302.500 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). | This section of Chapter 62-302 presents the water quality standards in a tabular format for each class of waters of the State. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Permitting & Zoning; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance |
Surface water quality standards, 62-302 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2008). | The Chapter establishes the minimum concentrations of contamination that are allowable to protect the designated uses of a waterbody. Designated uses include public drinking water supplies, propagation of fish and wildlife, agricultural, recreation, industrial, and navigation. Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting surface waters by limiting the concentration of pollutants that can be present will control the concentrations of those pollutants that will reach estuarine and marine environments, thus protecting the associated ecosystems, including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Penalties are not presented in the Rule. Specific requirements and penalties are addrressed in individual permits. The Rule relies heavily on biocriteria including acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Section 400 presents the classes of Florida waters; Class I potable water supplies, Class II shellfish propagation or harvesting, Class III recreation, propagation and maintenance of a healthy, well-balanced population of fish and wildlife, Class IV agricultural water supplies, Class V navigation, utility and industrial use. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Deforestation & Devegetation; Designate Protected Species; Discharge Limitations; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Impervious Surfaces; Invertebrates; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Molluscs; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Waste Management Policies |
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). | It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C. Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced. Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins |
The DPNR states that wetlands in the Virgin Islands are covered by the Clean water Act and the Endangered and Indigenous Species Act of 1990 (Title 12, Chapter 2, US Virgin Island Code,. | To protect wetlands and wetland species from degradation, loss as a result of dredging and filling. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of wetlands assists in controlling sedimentation and nutrient runoff from terrstrial locations, thus protecting coral reefs that are influenced by terrestrial sources. Legislative Actions: Comments:The wetlands portion of the USVI Division of Environmental Protection website was under construction at the time of this atlas preparation. However, it appears that DEP works with the USACE and USEPA on matters related to wetlands. |
US Virgin Islands, Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US Virgin Islands |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Shoreline Armoring; Wetlands |
Total maximum daily loads, 62-304 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2006). | The Chapter establishes Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), and their allocations, for waters that have been verified to be impaired by a pollutant pursuant to Chapter 62-303. F.A.C. Application to Coral Reefs:By regulating the amount of pollutants that will be allowed to be discharged into major waterbodies of the state, the amount of pollutants reaching estuarine and then marine environments, and eventually coral reefs, will assist in protecting the reefs and other habitats. Legislative Actions:The planning list of impaired water bodies has been completed. Data on each water bodies has been collected. DEP is in the process of calculating TMDLs for each water body. Comments: |
Florida Department of Envitonmental Protection Jurisdiction: United States; State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Ballast Discharge; Biomedical Research Policies; Coastal Development; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Dredging Regulations; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Impervious Surfaces; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Armoring; Solid Waste Disposal; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-345 (2005). | Establishes a methodology that provides a standard procedure for assessing the functions provided by wetlands and other surface waters, the amount that those functions are reduced by a proposed impact, and the amount of mitigation necessary to offset that loss. Application to Coral Reefs:Protecting wetlands provides wetland areas that can act as buffers against nutrients, pollutants and contaminants from reaching habitats including coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Chapter is administrative and provides methods to assess wetland value and appropriate mitigation to offset impact. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Forestry; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wetlands |
Water quality based effluent limitations, 62-650 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). | To implement the provisions of Section 403.051, 403.085 through 403.088 concerning the development of effluent limitations for wastewater facilities. Application to Coral Reefs:The Florida Air and Water Pollution Act establishes that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessay to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Requiring treatment of industrial and domestic waste water indirectly protects adjoining ecosystem, such as reefs, by limiting the pollutant that reach these other systems. Legislative Actions:The Department shall not issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state, unless the Department has established an efflent limit for those pollutants in the discharge that are present in quantities or concentrations which can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute, directly or indirectly, to a violation of any water quality standard established in rule 62-302. The effluent limit may be a technology based effluent limit (TBEL), a water quality based effluent limit (WQBEL) determined by a Level 1 process, or where applicable, a WQBEL determined by a Level 2 process. Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Domestic Animal Waste; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Water Resource Implementation Rule, 62-40 Florida Administrative Code (2006). | The Chapter is intended to provide water resouirce implementation goals, objectives and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources. A goal of the Chapter is to coordinate the management of water and land resources. It is the objective of the State to protect the functions of the entire ecological systems, as developed and defined in the programs, rules, and plans of the Department and water management districts. It is a goal of the Chapter that sufficient water be available for all existing and future reasonable-beneficial uses and the natural systems and that adverse effects of competition for water supplies be avoided. Application to Coral Reefs:By protecting the functions of entire aquatic ecological systems, those waters will contain less contaminants when they are discharged and meet other natural water bodies including marine ecosystems. Cleaner water will result in less ecological strees to marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Legislative Actions: Comments:This Chapter is intended to provide water resource implementation goals, objectives, and guidance for the development and review of programs, rules, and plans relating to water resources, based on statutory policies and directives in Chapters 187, 373, and 403, Florida Statutes. |
Florida State Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: US State Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Waste Management Policies |
Wetland applications, 62-611 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). | To provide qualitative and quantitative design criteria discharge limits, permitting requirements, and monitoring requirements for wetlands, man-made and natural, receiving domestic wastewater. Application to Coral Reefs:Because wetlands act as buffers and remove nutrients from contaminated water, in many case the nutrients will not reach the estuarine and marine environments and potentially have an adverse effect on coral reefs. Legislative Actions:The Rule is administrative in nature and specific pollutant limits and monitoring requirements are specified in individual permits Comments: |
Florida Department of Environmental Protection Jurisdiction: State Coastal Waters |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Education & Outreach; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrients; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge |