ReefLink Database

Funding & Incentives
Funding and incentives are budgetary decisions by public administration to improve the effectiveness of decisions through daily operations, research, monitoring, and outreach. Examples include requests for additional funding, budgeting, or providing incentives.
CMap
CMap Description
A change in the provision of ecosystem services, or a desire to improve provision of ecosystem services, may elicit responses from public administration to manage and reduce stressors on the reef ecosystem for the benefit of society. Governmental agencies can request additional funding or provide incentives for research, monitoring, education , or outreach that are particularly relevant for decision goals.Citations
Citation | Year | Study Location | Study Type | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ang, TZ; Manica, A. 2011. Effect of the Presence of Subordinates on Dominant Female Behaviour and Fitness in Hierarchies of the Dwarf Angelfish Centropyge bicolor. Ethology 117:1111-1119. | 2011 | Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Funding & Incentives; Invertivorous Fish | ||
Brodie, JE; Devlin, M; Haynes, D; Waterhouse, J. 2011. Assessment of the eutrophication status of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Australia). Biogeochemistry 106:281-302. | 2011 | Australia; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Octocoral; Plankton; Seagrasses; Seastars; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, and A. Perry. 2011. Reefs at Risk Revisited. World Research Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). | 2011 | Panama; Tanzania; Indonesia | Biomedical Research Policies; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Cruz-Trinidad, A; Geronimo, RC; Cabral, RB; Alino, PM. 2011. How much are the Bolinao-Anda coral reefs worth? Ocean and Coastal Management 54:696-705. | 2011 | Philippines | Model; Index or Indicator | Aquaculture; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Maljkovic, A; Cote, IM. 2011. Effects of tourism-related provisioning on the trophic signatures and movement patterns of an apex predator, the Caribbean reef shark. Biological Conservation 144:859-865. | 2011 | South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean | Apex Fish Predators; Funding & Incentives; Tourism & Recreation | |
McClanahan, TR. 2011. Human and coral reef use interactions: From impacts to solutions? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 408:3-10. | 2011 | Review | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas | |
Muallil, RN; Geronimo, RC; Cleland, D; Cabral, RB; Doctor, MV; Cruz-Trinidad, A; Alino, PM. 2011. Willingness to exit the artisanal fishery as a response to scenarios of declining catch or increasing monetary incentives. Fisheries Research 111:74-81. | 2011 | China; Philippines | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Monetary Valuation | |
Almany, G. R., R. J. Hamilton, D. H. Williamson, R. D. Evans, G. P. Jones, M. Matawai, T. Potuku, K. L. Rhodes, G. R. Russ, and B. Sawynok. 2010. Research partnerships with local communities: two case studies from Papua New Guinea and Australia. Coral Reefs 29:567-576. | 2010 | Australia; Papua New Guinea | Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas | |
Anton, C., J. Young, P. A. Harrison, M. Musche, G. Bela, C. K. Feld, R. Harrington, J. R. Haslett, G. Pataki, M. D. A. Rounsevell, M. Skourtos, J. P. Sousa, M. T. Sykes, R. Tinch, M. Vandewalle, A. Watt, and J. Settele. 2010. Research needs for incorporating the ecosystem service approach into EU biodiversity conservation policy. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2979-2994. | 2010 | Review; Index or Indicator | Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation | |
Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., U. R. Sumaila, K. Kaschner, and D. Pauly. 2010. The global potential for whale watching. Marine Policy [inpress]. | 2010 | Global | Funding & Incentives; Whales & Dolphins | |
Frank, D. M. and S. Sarkar. 2010. Group Decisions in Biodiversity Conservation: Implications from Game Theory. PLoS One 5:e10688. | 2010 | Philippines; South Africa; United Kingdom | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Fish; Funding & Incentives |
Fujita, R. M., K. T. Honey, A. Morris, J. R. Wilson, and H. Russell. 2010. Cooperative Strategies In Fisheries Management: Integrating Across Scales. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:251-271. | 2010 | Field Study & Monitoring | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives | |
Gavin, M. C., J. N. Solomon, and S. G. Blank. 2010. Measuring and Monitoring Illegal Use of Natural Resources. Conservation Biology 24:89-100. | 2010 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Funding & Incentives |
Gleason, M., S. McCreary, M. Miller-Henson, J. Ugoretz, E. Fox, M. Merrifield, W. McClintock, P. Serpa, and K. Hoffman. 2010. Science-based and stakeholder-driven marine protected area network planning: A successful case study from north central California. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:52-68. | 2010 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Decision Support; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas | |
Kirkby, C. A., R. Giudice-Granados, B. Day, K. Turner, L. M. Velarde- Andrade, A. Duenas-Duenas, J. C. Lara-Rivas, and D. W. Yu. 2010. The Market Triumph of Ecotourism: An Economic Investigation of the Private and Social Benefits of Competing Land Uses in the Peruvian Amazon. PLoS One 5:1-14. | 2010 | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Klein, C. J., N. C. Ban, B. S. Halpern, M. Beger, E. T. Game, H. S. Grantham, A. Green, T. J. Klein, S. Kininmonth, E. Treml, K. Wilson, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Prioritizing Land and Sea Conservation Investments to Protect Coral Reefs. PLoS One 5:e12431. | 2010 | Global | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity | |
McClanahan, T. R. 2010. Effects of Fisheries Closures and Gear Restrictions on Fishing Income in a Kenyan Coral Reef. Conservation Biology 24:1519-1528. | 2010 | Indian Ocean; Kenya; India | Docks & Marinas; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Special Use Permitting; Valuation | |
Pert, P. L., J. R. A. Butler, J. E. Brodie, C. Bruce, M. Honzak, F. J. Kroon, D. Metcalfe, D. Mitchell, and G. Wong. 2010. A catchment-based approach to mapping hydrological ecosystem services using riparian habitat: A case study from the Wet Tropics, Australia. Ecological Complexity 7:378-388. | 2010 | Australia | GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Samonte, G., L. Karrer, and M. Orbach. 2010. People and oceans. Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA. | 2010 | Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation | ||
TEEB. 2010. Integrating the ecological and economic dimensions in biodiversity and ecosystem service valuation. in Kumar, P., editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. | 2010 | Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives | ||
TEEB. 2010. Socio-cultural context of ecosystem and biodiversity valuation. in P. Kumar, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. Earthscan, United Kingdom. | 2010 | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Valuation | |
Wielgus, J., A. Balmford, T. B. Lewis, C. Mora, and L. R. Gerber. 2010. Coral reef quality and recreation fees in marine protected areas. Conservation Letters 3:38-44. | 2010 | Global; Cuba | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation | |
2009. Federal Expenditures for U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Conservation Activities (2002-2004). Appendix A, NOAA. | 2009 | Global | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Armstrong, C. W., A. J. Grehan, V. Kahui, E. Mikkelsen, S. Reithe, and S. van den Hove. 2009. Bioeconomic Modeling and the Management of Cold-Water Coral Resources. Oceanography 22:86-91. | 2009 | Model | Funding & Incentives | |
Blanco, E., J. Lozano, J. Rey-Maquieira. 2009. A dynamic approach to voluntary environmental contributions in tourism. Ecological Economics 69:104-114. | 2009 | Model | Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies | |
Butardo-Toribio, M. Z., P. M. Alino, and E. S. Guiang. 2009. Cost-Benefit Study of Marine Protected Areas: Implications on Financing and Institutional Needs. Philippine Agricultural Scientist 92:153-169. | 2009 | Philippines | Field Study & Monitoring | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Social Organizations |
Clifton, J. 2009. Science, funding and participation: key issues for marine protected area networks and the Coral Triangle Initiative. Environmental Conservation 36:91-96. | 2009 | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas | ||
Edwards, P. E. T. 2009. Sustainable financing for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica: The potential for revenues from tourist user fees. Marine Policy 33:376-385. | 2009 | Jamaica | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation | |
Greiner, R., L. Patterson, and O. Miller. 2009. Motivations, risk perceptions and adoption of conservation practices by farmers. Agricultural Systems 99:86-104. | 2009 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow |
Nunn, P. D. 2009. Responding to the challenges of climate change in the Pacific Islands: management and technological imperatives. Climate Research 40:211-231. | 2009 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii | Climate; Cultural Policies; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Parks, N. 2009. Is regulation on ocean acidification on the horizon? Environmental Science and Technology 6118-6119. | 2009 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring | Climate; CO2; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting |
Peters, H. and J. P. Hawkins. 2009. Access to marine parks: A comparative study in willingness to pay. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:219-228. | 2009 | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation | ||
Reid-Grant, K. and M. G. Bhat. 2009. Financing marine protected areas in Jamaica: An exploratory study. Marine Policy 33:128-136. | 2009 | South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean | Model | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Travel Services & Tour Operators |
Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions. | 2009 | Southeast Asia; Europe | Review | Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance |
Tallis, H., R. Goldman, M. Uhl, and B. Brosi. 2009. Integrating conservation and development in the field: implementing ecosystem service projects. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:12�20. | 2009 | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration | |
UNCWI. 2009. Healthy Watersheds through Healthy Forests. | 2009 | US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) | Collaboration & Partnering; Drinking Water Supply; Forestry; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Andrefouet, S. 2008. Coral reef habitat mapping using remote sensing: A user vs producer perspective. Implications for research, management and capacity building. Journal of Spatial Science 53:113-129. | 2008 | GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Complex Habitat & Resources; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Daily, G. C. and P. A. Matson. 2008. Ecosystem services: from theory to implementation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:9455-9456. | 2008 | GIS & Maps | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives | |
Greiner, R. and O. Miller. 2008. Reducing diffuse water pollution by tailoring incentives to region specific requirements: Empirical study for the Burdekin River basin (Australia). Pages 31-42 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. | 2008 | Australia | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges |
Guzy, M. R., C. L. Smith, J. P. Bolte, D. W. Hulse and S. V. Gregory. 2008. Policy research using agent-based modeling to assess future impacts of urban expansion into farmlands and forests. | 2008 | Model | Agriculture; Fish; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Pittman, S. J., S. D. Hile, C. F. G. Jeffrey, C. Caldow, M. S. Kendall, M. E. Monaco, and Z. Hillis-Starr. 2008. Fish assemblages and benthic habitats of Buck Island Reef National Monument (St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands) and the surrounding seascape: a characterization of spatial and temporal patterns. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD. | 2008 | South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses |
Sammarco, P. W. 2008. Crises on coral reefs and in coral reef science in the 21st century: The need for a new peer-review system. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics 8:109-119. | 2008 | Global | Review; Index or Indicator | Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Pathogens |
Waddell, J. E. and A. M. Clarke, editors. 2008. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2008. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 73. NOS NCCOS 73, NOAA/NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment�s Biogeography Team, Silver Spring, MD. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Internet & Telecommunications |
Wantiez, L. 2008. Coral reefs of New Caledonia in 2006: Status report and monitoring network [Les recifs coralliens de nouvelle-caledonie en 2006: etat des lieux et reseau de suivi]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 63:117-132. | 2008 | US Pacific & Hawaii; New Caledonia; Europe | Field Study & Monitoring | Cruise Ships; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Mining; Mining Policies; Seastars; Sewage Treatment; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge |
World Bank Group. 2008. Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation. Nature based solutions from the world bank portfolio. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC. | 2008 | Global; South & Central America; Iran; Caribbean | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Agriculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Invasive Species; Irrigation; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Sewage Treatment; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies |
Fisher, W.S. 2007. Stony soral rapid bioassessment protocol. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. | 2007 | Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Biocriteria; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Stony Coral; Valuation | |
Halpern, B. S., K. A. Selkoe, F. Micheli, and C. V. Kappel. 2007. Evaluating and ranking the vulnerability of global marine ecosystems to anthropogenic threats. Conservation Biology 21:1301-1315. | 2007 | Global | Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Point Source Discharges; Sea Temperatures | |
Heck Jr., K. L. and J. F. Valentine. 2007. The primacy of top-down effects in shallow benthic ecosystems. Estuaries and Coasts 30:371-381. | 2007 | Review | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Mohamed, M. 2007. ECONOMIC VALUATION OF CORAL REEFS: A CASE STUDY OF THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF DHIGALI HAA, A MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN BAA ATOLL, MALDIVES. Masters Thesis. University of Canterbury, (Christchurch, New Zealand). | 2007 | Maldives | Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation | |
Ramos, J., M. N. Santos, D. Whitmarsh, and C. C. Monteiro. 2007. Stakeholder perceptions regarding the environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Algarve artificial reefs. Hydrobiologia 580:181-191. | 2007 | Europe | Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Artificial Habitat; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives |
Relini, G., M. Relini, G. Palandri, S. Merello, and E. Beccornia. 2007. History, ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea, Italy. Hydrobiologia 580:193-217. | 2007 | Algae; Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Invasive Species; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage | ||
Sammarco, P. W., P. Hallock, J. C. Lang, and R. S. Legore. 2007. Roundtable discussion groups summary papers: Environmental bio-indicators in coral reef ecosystems: The need to align research, monitoring, and environmental regulation. Environmental Bioindicators 2:35-46. | 2007 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator | Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Toxics | |
Smajgl, A. and P. C. Gehrke. 2007. Integrating economic and ecological modelling in the great barrier reef catchments. IAHS-AISH Publication 107-115. | 2007 | Australia | Model | Agriculture; Climate; Funding & Incentives; Non-point Source Runoff |
2006. NOAA Essential Fish Habitat Research Implementation Plan for Alaska for FY 2007 - 2011. NOAA. | 2006 | GIS & Maps | Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Sponges; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands | |
Bortone, S. A. 2006. A perspective of artificial reef research: The past, present, and future. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:8-Jan. | 2006 | Artificial Habitat; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | ||
Dearden, P., M. Bennett, and R. Rollins. 2006. Implications for coral reef conservation of diver specialization. Environmental Conservation 33:353-363. | 2006 | Cuba; Thailand | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Incentives; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation |
Kirkman, H. 2006. The east Asian seas UNEP regional seas programme. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 6:305-316. | 2006 | Global; China | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Teeter, A. M. and B. H. Johnson. 2006. Sediment and fluid mud modeling of atchafalaya pro-delta channel. Pages 714-733 in Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. | 2006 | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Salinity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
The Coastal Theme Team, editor. 2006. IGOS Coastal Theme Report: For the monitoring of our environment from space and from earth. Integrated Global Observing Strategy. | 2006 | Global; Florida; China; France | Field Study & Monitoring | Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives |
Cinner, J. E., M. J. Marnane, T. R. McClanahan, T. H. Clark, and J. Ben. 2005. Trade, tenure, and tradition: Influence of sociocultural factors on resource use in melanesia. Conservation Biology 19:1469-1477. | 2005 | Papua New Guinea | Cultural Policies; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Stony Coral | |
Granek, E. E. and M. A. Brown. 2005. Co-management approach to marine conservation in Moheli, Comoros Islands. Conservation Biology 19:1724-1732. | 2005 | Indian Ocean; Comoros; India | Field Study & Monitoring; Model | Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation |
Kim, J.-K. and J.-H. Kim. 2005. Optimal mapping for artificial reef facility using remote sensing and GIS. Pages 314-319 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. | 2005 | Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Merrick, J. R. W., G. S. Parnell, J. Barnett, M. Garcia. 2005. A Multiple-objective decision analysis of stakeholder values to identify watershed improvement needs. Decision Analysis 2:44-57. | 2005 | Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Rohmann, S. and M. Monaco, editors. 2005. Mapping Southern Florida�s Shallow-water Coral Ecosystems: An Implementation Plan. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, Silver Spring, (Maryland, USA). | 2005 | Florida | GIS & Maps | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Schools & Colleges |
Rosenberg, A. A., W. J. Bolster, K. E. Alexander, W. B. Leavenworth, A. B. Cooper, and M. G. McKenzie. 2005. The history of ocean resources: Modeling cod biomass using historical records. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:84-90. | 2005 | Global; England | Model | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives |
Sadovy, Y. 2005. Trouble on the reef: The imperative for managing vulnerable and valuable fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 6:167-185. | 2005 | Global | Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Live Collection | |
Sifling, J., R. A. Nall, J. Stettler, T. Busch, F. Igaz, J. G. Hoff, and S. Wiegman. 2005. American Samoa longliner response, wreck removal, and restoration project. Pages 259-264 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. | 2005 | Samoa; American Samoa | Coastal Defense; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Petroleum Spills; Ports & Harbors; Storms & Hurricanes | |
Cooney, C. M. 2004. EPA's First Science Advisor Focuses on the Basics. Environmental Science and Technology 38:181A-184A. | 2004 | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | ||
Kelty, R., K. Andrews, J. Wheaton, L. Nall, C. Beaver, W. Japp, B. Keller, V. R. Leeworthy, J. A. Bohnsack, T. Matthews, J. Ault, F. Ferro, G. Delgado, D. Harper, J. Hunt, B. Sharp, C. Pattengil-Semmens, S. Smith, R. Spieler, R.E. Dodge, D. Gilliam, B. Goodwin, G. Schmahl, E. Hickerson, J. R. Garcia, C. Lilyestrom, R. Appeldoorn, A. Bruckner, E. Williams, C. .F.G. Jeffrey, U. Alauf, A. Riedlander, C. Rogers, J. Miller, J. Beets, R. Nemeth, S. Herzlieb, V. Mayor, W. Toller, Z. Hillis-Starr, S. Caseau, and M. Miller. 2004. Status of coral reefs in the U.S. Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico: Florida, Flower Garden Banks, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Navassa. Pages 431-450 Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004. Volume 2. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. | 2004 | South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps | Climate; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation |
Pomeroy, R. S., J. E. Parks, and L. M. Watson. 2004. How is your MPA doing? a guidebook of natural and social indicators for evaluating marine protected area management effectiveness. he World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. | 2004 | Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies | |
Bhat, M. G. 2003. Application of non-market valuation to the Florida Keys marine reserve management. Journal of Environmental Management 67:315-325. | 2003 | Florida | Model | Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation |
Firn, R. D. 2003. Bioprospecting - why is it so unrewarding? Biodiversity and Conservation 12:207-216. | 2003 | Columbia | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Haley, M. and A. Clayton. 2003. The role of NGOs in environmental policy failures in a developing country: The mismanagement of Jamaica's coral reefs. Environmental Values 12:29-54. | 2003 | Jamaica | Corporate Responses; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Stachowitsch, M. 2003. Research on intact marine ecosystems: A lost era. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:801-805. | 2003 | Global | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Sea Turtles; Whales & Dolphins | |
Bruckner, A. W. 2002. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-22. | 2002 | Global | Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Pathogens; Stony Coral |
Burris, M. W., C. R. Swenson, and G. L. Crawford. 2002. Lee County's variable pricing project. ITE Journal (Institute of Transportation Engineers) 72:36-41. | 2002 | Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow | ||
Tupper, M. and M. A. Rudd. 2002. Species-specific impacts of a small marine reserve on reef fish production and fishing productivity in the Turks and Caicos Islands. Environmental Conservation 29:484-492. | 2002 | Turks and Caicos | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Funding & Incentives; Invertivorous Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting |
Gorfine, H. K. and C. D. Dixon. 2001. Diver behaviour and its influence on assessments of a quota-managed abalone fishery. Journal of Shellfish Research 20:787-794. | 2001 | Australia | Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Special Use Permitting | |
Harborne, A. R., D. C. Afzal, and M. J. Andrews. 2001. Honduras: Caribbean Coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:1221-1235. | 2001 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands |
Schuttenberg, editor. 2001. Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences and Response - Selected Papers Presented at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium October 2000. Coastal Management Report #2230, Coastal Resources Center, Narragansett, (Rhode Island, USA). | 2001 | Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Philippines | Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation | |
Harborne, A. R., M. D. McField, and E. K. Delaney. 2000. Belize. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 501-516. | 2000 | South & Central America; Belize; Honduras; Caribbean; Mexico | Field Study & Monitoring | Agriculture; Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Light; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation |
Wilson, S. C. and R. Klaus. 2000. The Gulf of Aden. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 47-61. | 2000 | Indian Ocean; Somalia; India; Djibouti | Algae; Apex Fish Predators; Beaches & Nature Parks; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins | |
[No author name available]. 1999. Proceedings of the Sand Rights'99. Bringing back the beaches. in Sand Rights 1999 Bringing Back the Beaches. | 1999 | Field Study & Monitoring | Beaches & Nature Parks; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Security Policies; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Dauterive, L. 1999. Rigs-to reefs policy, progress, and perspective. Pages 313-318 in SPE/EPA Exploration & Production Environmental Conference. | 1999 | South & Central America; Mexico | Artificial Habitat; Corporate Responses; Funding & Incentives; Oil & Gas Rigs; Valuation | |
Pet-Soede, L., H. S. J. Cesar, and J. S. Pet. 1999. An economic analysis of blast fishing on Indonesian coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 26:83-93. | 1999 | Indonesia | Model | Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation |
Wright, J. and D. Morton. 1999. Promoting erosion control in the Virgin Islands. Pages 8-May in Investing in the protection of our environment. Proceedings of conference 30, Nashville, 1999. (International Erosion Control Association). | 1999 | US Virgin Islands | Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Housing; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies | |
Berg, H., M. C. Ohman, S. Troeng, and O. Linden. 1998. Environmental economics of coral reef destruction in Sri Lanka. Ambio 27:627-634. | 1998 | Sri Lanka; Southeast Asia | Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Monetary Valuation; Tourism & Recreation | |
Whittington, I. D. 1998. Diversity 'down under': monogeneans in the Antipodes (Australia) with a prediction of monogenean biodiversity worldwide. International Journal for Parasitology 28:1481-1493. | 1998 | Global; Australia | Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Sando, W. J. 1997. Late Paleozoic coral genera and subgenera. State of the art, 1814-1994. Boletin - Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural: Seccion Geologica 91:61-71. | 1997 | China; Europe | Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | |
Suman, D. O. 1997. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: A case study of an innovative federal-state partnership in marine resource management. Coastal Management 25:293-324. | 1997 | Florida | Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Resource Use Management | |
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 1996. Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay. | 1996 | Florida | Decision Support Frameworks & Tools | Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies |
Pilcher, J. R. 1996. The past global changes (PAGES) project. Geological Society Special Publication 251-256. | 1996 | Global; Australia; China; Europe | Climate; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow | |
Wells, S. M. 1995. Science and management of coral reefs: problems and prospects. Coral Reefs 14:177-181. | 1995 | Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | ||
NOAA. 1992. Oil spill case histories 1967-1991: summaries of significant U.S. and international spills. Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, Seattle, Washington. | 1992 | Coastal Defense; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Petroleum Spills | ||
Madrid, A. P. 1985. Deep-water hydrocarbon exploration in the Philippines. Energy 10:493-504. | 1985 | Philippines | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Side, J. 1985. Alternative uses of offshore installations. in [No source information available]. | 1985 | Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives | ||
Madrid Apollo, P. 1983. Deep-Water Hydrocarbon Exploration In The Philippines. Energy 10:493-504. | 1983 | Philippines | Banks, Credit, & Securities; Funding & Incentives; Water Depth & Sea Level | |
Karr, J. R. and D. R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspective on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-68. | 1981 | Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges | ||
Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC. | Review | Funding & Incentives; Manufacturing & Trade |
Management Options
Management Option | Description | Sources | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Phase Out Unwanted Subsidies | Subsidies are often offered to promote certain types of growth and development. At a later time, with changing priorities, it may be determined that these types of growth and development are no longer optimal. For example, sun grown coffee, was subsidized in Guancia Bay, PR, as it was expected to have higher future market demand. However, it requires clearing large tracts of land on steep, extremely erodible clay soils. This leads to high volumes of erosion because there is no vegetation to anchor the soil in place. Now these subsidies are promoting sun grown coffee even though shade grown is better for the land and reefs because it reduces erosion, extreme runoff, and adds vegetation to the land. | Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Banks, Credit, & Securities; City Planning; Corporate Responses; Decision Support; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Conducting Socioeconomic Research: Support science of socioeconomic analysis of marine protected areas | Little is known about applied socioeconomic analysis to marine protected areas. Funding support will be provided for scientists to meet and share information on this subject. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Contact Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Pressures; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers |
Continued Development of Signs, Displays, Exhibits, and Visitor Centers: Develop interactive educational exhibits | Creating exhibits that are interactive can help to convey information regarding boundaries, regulations, resources, education programs, and research programs. Computers are a great way to create interactive exhibits. Funding can be provided from private and nonprofit organizations. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Corporate Response: Invest & Co-finance Projects | Investing and co-financing projects that aim to conserve or restore habitats can be an effective means to preserving reef habitats as well as establishing positive working relationships between organizations. Investing in private sector projects will promote desired businesses and business practices, reducing barriers to entry and competitiveness as compared to traditional businesses and business practices to counterbalance advantages from undesired externalities. | World Bank Group. 2008. Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Adaptation. Nature based solutions from the world bank portfolio. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC. |
Aquarium Stock; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biomedical Research Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Products; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation |
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Mass Coral Bleaching Events | There are several actions managers can take to prepare for and respond to bleaching events. These strategies typically focus on developing and communicating reliable information about the bleaching event and its impacts, rather than providing a "cure." Developing a Bleaching response plan in advance allows managers to respond more effectively during these rapid onset events. Predicting the risk and severity of bleaching events can allow for more timely yet credible information for decision makers. After the bleaching event it is important to quickly access the ecological impacts for further management decisions. Bleached coral are in a vulnerable state, and are therefore less resilient to degraded water quality, physical damage from recreation, or pressure from fishing activities. This heightened sensitivity means that current protections may need to be increased temporarily following a bleaching event. | Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching. |
Atmospheric Emissions; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Climate Regulation; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures |
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Assist Direct Contact & Intervention Programs | Programs such as Team OCEAN and Professional Guides Association should be assisted by existing protected areas and sanctuaries. These already-existing programs can be assisted through providing technical support, data, advice, vessels, and/or equipment. Assisting pre-existing programs is useful because it helps to strengthen and expand their missions, and it also prevents unnecessary duplication of efforts. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration | Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. | Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88. |
Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal |
Dissemination of Findings: Participate in Conferences | Conferences are beneficial as a means to garner and disseminate new information, technology, and methods. Conferences also serve as a networking opportunity to communicate with potential collaborators. Participation in local, state, and federal conferences by sanctuary staff is very important to reach out to the broader coral reef community. Sponsoring conferences would allow scientists and researchers to keep abreast of findings and ongoing research within the local sanctuary. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Scientific Research |
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives | Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). | Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA. |
Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products |
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Offshore Wind and Hydrokinetic Alternative Energies | Policies encouraging or authorizing construction of offshore facilities are evolving, and there are many sides to the issue of how to best manage them. Alternative energies are desirable and would reduce the dependence on fossil fuel resources. However, hydrokinetic technologies are just becoming viable, meaning long term impacts are still unknown. Facilitative policies reduce barriers for alternative energy development or increase barriers or costs for incumbent technologies. These include research and innovation policies, technology improvement subsidies, market based policies that internalize externalities, and regulatory changes that simplify the permitting process. | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy. Portman, M.E. 2010. Marine Renewable Energy Policy: Some US and International Perspectices Compared. Oceanography 23:98-105. |
Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Physical Variables; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Seawater Flow; Utilities; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies |
Enforcement: Interpretive Enforcement | Interpretive enforcement, sometimes called �soft� or positive enforcement, refers to approaches geared towards encouraging widespread voluntary compliance with laws, rules and regulations. Interpretive enforcement is based on the premise that most people, once informed about MPA regulations, want to do the right thing. This is the greatest level of compliance because it advocates understanding and public support of goals for reef management. The main objective of this management action is to increase public understanding of the importance to comply with regulations, achieve voluntary compliance, and promote public stewardship of historical and cultural marine resources through interpretive enforcement. Strategies that can help achieve these goals include developing special training programs, organizing events, implementing social marketing, targeting indigenous learning systems and changing cultural value systems. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture, and Department of the Interior and Local Government. 2001. Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook No. 8 Coastal Law Enforcement. No.8 Coastal Law Enforcement, Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cebu City, Philippines. National Marine Sanctuaries. 2005. MPAs and Enforcement. Module 7, NOAA. |
Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Environmental Education: Competitive Educational Funding Opportunities | This response involves offering funding to teachers for field trips, scientific equipment, and reference material in support of curricula. Teachers may submit proposals for evaluation, and funding is administered on a competitive basis from a non-profit organization or a reef management area. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Schools & Colleges; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Monitor & Research: Create a Maritime Heritage Resource (MHR) Field Unit | A Maritime Heritage Resource (MHR) field unit would be developed to conduct field research and coordinate permitted research activities. Training is an important aspect of developing such a field unit, as improper field work can be very destructive to MHR sites. Additional funding may be needed to involve external underwater archaeological research experts. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Incentives; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Monitor & Research: Continue Stakeholder Research | It is beneficial to support monitoring and research projects that are developed by stakeholders because these present an opportunity to directly engage constituents in sanctuary resource issues and to increase understanding of the ecosystem. Sanctuaries can provide support in the form of helping to coordinate activities, assisting with field work, issuing research permits, assisting with identifying potential funding sources, and providing letters of support for grant proposals. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies |
Resource Use Management: Develop Water Efficiency Initiatives | Reducing water use through cost effective water efficiency improvements can be beneficial as it reduces pressure on water as a finite resource and saves money. There are several ways water efficiency can be promoted. Some Water Efficiency BMPs recommended by the EPA include: Water Management Planning; Information and Education Programs; Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection and Repair; Water-Efficient Landscaping, Water-Efficient Irrigation; Toilets and Urinals; Faucets and Showerheads; Boiler/Steam Systems; Single-Pass Cooling Equipment; Cooling Tower Management; Commercial Kitchen Equipment; Laboratory/ Medical Equipment; Other Water Intensive Processes; Alternative Water Sources. One of the ways the US government has promoted Water Efficiency Initiatives is through Executive order 13123 which places certain water use reduction requirements on Federal Agencies. There are also existing funding and incentives for non-government sectors. Project funding comes in many forms, such as appropriations, energy savings performance contract (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contract (UESCs) programs; ratepayer incentive programs such as rebates from public benefit funds or utilities; and the retention of energy and water cost savings. | US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Water Efficiency Best Management Practices. Federal Energy Management Program Accessed 7/12/2011. |
Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Designated Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Textiles & Apparel; Utilities; Utility Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges |
Restoration: Restore injured or destroyed coral reef framework | This approach would allow to use funds from case settlements to reconstruct/replace coral framework that has been compromised. This approach aids to restore the coral�s structural and ecological functionality, as well as reestablish aesthetic qualities associated with corals. | NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. |
Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coral; Dredging Regulations; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration |
Laws
Legal Citation | Purpose of Law | Management Organization | Database Topics |
---|---|---|---|
Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 (CBRA), 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. | Promote more appropriate use and conservation of coastal barriers along the Atlantic, Gulf and Great Lakes coastlines. Minimize the loss of human life; reduce wasteful expenditures on shoreline development; minimize damage to wildlife, marine life, and other natural services, and establish a coastal barrier resources system. Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs. Legislative Actions:Restrict most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance. Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals. |
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coral; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Wetlands |
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1451-1456. | Preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the Nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations. Application to Coral Reefs:Protection of coastal areas can have an indirect influence on coral reef preservation and conservation by the use of environmentally sound construction and development by limiting runoff of contaminants and sediment that could have an adverse effect on inshore coral reefs if present. Legislative Actions:In addition, the Act authorized a national system of estuarine sanctuaries and the establishment of national field laboratories with a 50/50 cost-sharing grants with coastal states. Comments: |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States; State Coastal Waters |
City Planning; Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Landuse Management; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000, 16 United States Code § 6401 (2000). | To preserve, sustain, and restore the condition of coral reef ecosystems, to promote the wise management and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems, to benefit local communities and the Nation, to develop sound scientific information on the condition of coral reef ecosystems and threats to the ecosystems, to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by supporting and financing conservation programs including local and non-governmental programs, establish a formal mechanism for collecting and allocating monetary donations from the private sector to be used for coral reef conservation projects Application to Coral Reefs:Allowed the development of programs and projects, and provided financing for developing sound scientific data to preserve and restore coral reefs. Continued the Coral Reef Task Force and Coral Reef Initiative started under Executive Order 13089 (1998). Legislative Actions:Provided funding for matching grants, encouraged education and outreach, encouaged cooperative conservation and management through partnerships with other federal, state, regional and local partners including citizen groups. Comments:The Act is administrative, not regulatory. It established four major programs; (1) The National Coral Reef Action Strategy established goals for research, monitoring and conservation, (2, 3) The Coral Reef Conservation Program and Coral Reef Conservation Fund provided financial assistance for coral reef projects, (4) the National Program facilitated cooperative work between federal, state and regional efforts that work to improve coral reef ecosystems. The National Program also enhanced the public awareness of coral reefs through educational programs. The Act incorporated Executive Order 13,089 and provided coordinated funding activities through twelve federal agencies and seven states. |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Jurisdiction: United States; US Coral Reefs |
Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corporate Responses; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Public Administration; Remediation; Utilities |
Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986, 16 United States Code §§ 3501 et seq. | Promote the conservations of wetlands for public benefit and to assist in the compliance with international obligations under various treaties and conventions for migratory birds. Application to Coral Reefs:Indirect application to protection of coral reefs through wetland functions of nutrient (particularly nitrogen) and sediment removal from land-based discharges prior to their entrance into open coastal waters. Legislative Actions:Authorizied the purchase of wetlands from the land and Water Conservation Fund monies. Required States to include wetlands in their Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plans. Comments:Secretary of Interior was required to establish a National Wetland Priority Conservation Plan to identify the locations and types of wetlands that should be priorities for state and federal acquisition. The Act established various fee schedules for entering national wildlife refuges. |
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Discharge Limitations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Landuse Management; Marine Birds; Non-point Source Controls; Nutrients; Permitting & Zoning; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands |
Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980, 16 United States Code §§ 2901-2911. | Required the Service to monitor non-game bird and fish species, identify species of management concerns, and implement conservation measures to preclude the need for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Public Administration; Resource Use Management |
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, 16 United States Code §§ 2901-2911. | To provide financial and technical assistance to the states for development, revision and implementation of conservation plans and programs for nongame fish and wildlife, and to encourage federal agencies to utilize their statutory and administrative authority to conserve and to promote the conservation of nongame fish and wildlife and their habitats. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
Federal Agencies Jurisdiction: United States |
Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Incentives; Microorganisms; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration |
Marine Turtle Conservation Act of 2004, 16 United States Code § 6601. | The law was created to aid in the conservation of sea turtles and their nesting habitats in foreign countries by providing funds for the conservation of nesting areas, sea turtles in in their nesting habitats, and dealing with threats to sea turtle survival. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions: Comments: |
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration/National Marine Fisheries Service/US Fish and Wildlife Service Jurisdiction: United States |
Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Designate Protected Species; Docks & Marinas; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Funding & Incentives; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles |
Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 33 United States Code §§ 2701 et seq. | Established limitations on liability for damages resulting from oil pollution, established a fund for the payment of compensation for such damages, mandated the National Oil and Hazardous Substance Contingency Plan to provide organizational structure and procedures for responding to spills. Application to Coral Reefs:In the event of an oil spill that contaminates a coral reef, the Act could be used to determine liability and provide funds for rapid cleanup. Legislative Actions:Can provide fines for failing to notify the appropriate federal agency of a maximum of $250,000 per day for an individual and a maximum of $500,000 for an organization. Civil penalties are authorized at $25,000 per day of violation or $1,000 per barrel of oil discharged. Prison sentences up to a maximum of fifteen years can be imposed on violators. Comments:The Act was signed in 1990, largely in response to rising public concern following the Exxon Valdex incident. The Act improved the nation's ability to prevent and respond to oil spills by establishing provisions that expand the federal government's ability, and and provided the money and resources necessary, to respond to oil spills. The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was established and provided up to one billion dollars per spill incident. |
US Coast Guard/US Environmental Protection Agency Jurisdiction: US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters |
Chemical Variables; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Funding & Incentives; Mangroves; Non-point Source Controls; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Toxics; Wetlands |
Refuge Revenue Sharing Act of 1935, as amended, 16 United States Code § 715. | Provided for payment to counties in lieu of taxes from areas administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service. Counties are required to pass payments along to other units of local government within the county, which suffer losses in tax revenues due to the establishment of Service areas. Application to Coral Reefs: Legislative Actions:Congress can appropriate funds to make up any shortfall of payments to local governments, all lands administered by the USFWS qualify for revenue sharing payments, and payments to units of local governments can be used for any governmental purpose. Comments: |
US Fish and Wildlife Servicw Jurisdiction: United States |
Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Public Administration |