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Decision Support

Decision Support

Decision Support is a broad, generic term that encompasses all aspects related to supporting people in making decisions. Decision support disciplines include operations research, decision analysis, and decision support systems. Examples of decision support activities include developing management plans, conducting environmental assessments, utilizing decision support tools, managing data, or acquiring additional personnel.

CMap

Collaboration and partnering refers to working together to achieve a goal. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Decision Support is a broad, generic term that encompasses all aspects related to supporting people in making decisions. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Funding and incentives are budgetary decisions by public administration to improve the effectiveness of decisions through daily operations, research, monitoring, and outreach. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Political pressure is public demand for government action on certain management or policy concerns. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. Public Administration includes government institutions that administer, oversee, and manage governmental programs. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. The Security Sector provides security to the country and its people effectively and under democratic principles. Security and public administration policies are responses to improve the decision-making and enforcement abilities of governmental institutions. Security policies include all actions that ensure the public is safe and secure. Security policies include all actions that ensure the public is safe and secure. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. Valuation is the process of estimating the worth, merit, or desirability of benefits derived from ecosystems.

CMap Description

A change in the provision of ecosystem services, or a desire to improve provision of ecosystem services, may elicit responses from public administration to manage and reduce stressors on the reef ecosystem for the benefit of society. Decision support activities, including development of management plans, conducting environmental assessments, utilizing decision support tools, managing data, or acquiring additional personnel can improve the effectiveness of decisions.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Ananthasubramaniam, B; Nisbet, RM; Morse, DE; Doyle, FJ. 2011. Integrate-and-fire models of insolation-driven entrainment of broadcast spawning in corals. Theoretical Ecology 4:69-85. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Atkins, J. P., D. Burdon, M. Elliott, and A. J. Gregory. 2011. Management of the marine environment: Integrating ecosystem services and societal benefits with the DPSIR framework in a systems approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:215-226. 2011 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Bellchambers, LM; Meeuwig, JJ; Evans, SN; Legendre, P. 2011. Modelling habitat associations of the common spider conch in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 432:83-90. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Seagrasses; Snails & Conch; Stony Coral
Cetina-Heredia, P; Connolly, SR. 2011. A simple approximation for larval retention around reefs. Coral Reefs 30:593-605. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Christensen, V., J. Steenbeek, and P. Failler. 2011. A combined ecosystem and value chain modeling approach for evaluating societal cost and benefit of fishing. Ecological Modelling 222:857-864. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Dale, JJ; Stankus, AM; Burns, MS; Meyer, CG. 2011. The Shark Assemblage at French Frigate Shoals Atoll, Hawai'i: Species Composition, Abundance and Habitat Use. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest
Dunstan, A; Bradshaw, CJA; Marshall, J. 2011. Nautilus at Risk - Estimating Population Size and Demography of Nautilus pompilius. PLoS One 6. 2011 Australia; Palau; Fiji Model Octopus & Squid
Edwards, HJ; Elliott, IA; Eakin, CM; Irikawa, A; Madin, JS; McField, M; Morgan, JA; van Woesik, R; Mumby, PJ. 2011. How much time can herbivore protection buy for coral reefs under realistic regimes of hurricanes and coral bleaching? Global Change Biology 17:2033-2048. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Bahamas; Belize; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Ocean Acidity; Resource Use Management; Sea Temperatures; Sea Urchins; Storms & Hurricanes
Fablet, R; Pecquerie, L; de Pontual, H; Hoie, H; Millner, R; Mosegaard, H; Kooijman, SALM. 2011. Shedding Light on Fish Otolith Biomineralization Using a Bioenergetic Approach. PLoS One 6. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Bivalves; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity
Figueiredo, J; Pereira, HM. 2011. Regime shifts in a socio-ecological model of farmland abandonment. Landscape Ecology 26:737-749. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Deforestation & Devegetation; Nutrients
Francis, T. B., P. S. Levin, and C. J.Harvey. 2011. The perils and promise of futures analysis in marine ecosystem-based management. Marine Policy 35:675-681. 2011 Review; Model Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hart, MK; Shenoy, K; Crowley, PH. 2011. Sexual conflicts along gradients of density and predation risk: insights from an egg-trading fish. Evolutionary Ecology 25:1081-1105. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Worms; Planktivorous Fish
Kellner, JB; Sanchirico, JN; Hastings, A; Mumby, PJ. 2011. Optimizing for multiple species and multiple values: tradeoffs inherent in ecosystem-based fisheries management. Conservation Letters 4:21-30. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Kragt, M. E., L. T. H. Newham, J. Bennett, and A. J. Jakeman. 2011. An integrated approach to linking economic valuation and catchment modelling. Environmental Modelling & Software 26:92-102. 2011 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Kushner, B., P. Edwards, L. Burke, and E. Cooper. 2011. Coastal Capital: Jamaica - Coral Reefs, Beach Erosion and Impacts to Tourism in Jamaica. Working Paper, World Resource Institute, Washington, D.C. (USA). 2011 Jamaica Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Coastal Development; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Social Organizations; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Leis, JM; Van Herwerden, L; Patterson, HM. 2011. Estimating Connectivity In Marine Fish Populations: What Works Best? Oceanography and Marine Biology: Annual Review 49:193-234. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Lowe, PK; Bruno, JF; Selig, ER; Spencer, M. 2011. Empirical Models of Transitions between Coral Reef States: Effects of Region, Protection, and Environmental Change. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Model Climate; Marine Protected Areas
Maxam, A., P. Lyew-Ayee, and K. McIntyre. 2011. A Classification of the Protection Provided by Coral Reef Systems in Jamaica - Utilizing GIS and Oceanographic Methods of Analysis. Mona Geoinformatics Institute, St. Andrew (Jamaica). 2011 South & Central America; Dominican Republic; Jamaica; St. Lucia; Trinidad; Tobago; Belize; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Monetary Valuation; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Maynard, JA; Anthony, KRN; Harvell, CD; Burgman, MA; Beeden, R; Sweatman, H; Heron, SF; Lamb, JB; Willis, BL. 2011. Predicting outbreaks of a climate-driven coral disease in the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 30:485-495. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures
McCloskey, J. T., R. J. Lilieholm, and C. Cronan. 2011. Using Bayesian belief networks to identify potential compatibilities and conflicts between development and landscape conservation. Landscape and Urban Planning 101:190-203. 2011 Model; GIS & Maps Economic Markets & Policies; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Melbourne-Thomas, J., C. R. Johnson, T. Fung, R. M. Seymour, L. M. Cherubin, J. E. Arias-Gonzalez, and E. A. Fulton. 2011. Regional-scale scenario modeling for coral reefs: a decision support tool to inform management of a complex system. Ecological Applications 21:1380-1398. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Physical Damage; Storms & Hurricanes
Melbourne-Thomas, J., C.R. Johnson, P.M. Ali�o, R.C. Geronimo, C.L. Villanoy, and G.G. Gurney. 2011. A multi-scale biophysical model to inform regional management of coral reefs in the western Philippines and South China Sea. Environmental Modelling & Software 26:66-82. 2011 China; Philippines Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Mitigation
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Alino, PM; Geronimo, RC; Villanoy, CL; Gurney, GG. 2011. A multi-scale biophysical model to inform regional management of coral reefs in the western Philippines and South China Sea. Environmental Modelling & Software 26:66-82. 2011 China; Philippines Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Mitigation; Nutrients; Sea Urchins
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Fulton, EA. 2011. Regional-scale scenario analysis for the Meso-American Reef system: Modelling coral reef futures under multiple stressors. Ecological Modelling 222:1756-1770. 2011 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Nutrients; Sediment
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Fung, T; Seymour, RM; Cherubin, LM; Arias-Gonzalez, JE; Fulton, EA. 2011. Regional-scale scenario modeling for coral reefs: a decision support tool to inform management of a complex system. Ecological Applications 21:1380-1398. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Nutrients; Physical Damage; Sea Urchins; Storms & Hurricanes
Melbourne-Thomas, J; Johnson, CR; Perez, P; Eustache, J; Fulton, EA; Cleland, D. 2011. Coupling Biophysical and Socioeconomic Models for Coral Reef Systems in Quintana Roo, Mexican Caribbean. Ecology and Society 16. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Tourism & Recreation
Mills, M; Jupiter, SD; Pressey, RL; Ban, NC; Comley, J. 2011. Incorporating Effectiveness of Community-Based Management in a National Marine Gap Analysis for Fiji. Conservation Biology 25:1155-1164. 2011 Fiji; Philippines Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Pittman, S. J. and K. A. Brown. 2011. Multi-Scale Approach for Predicting Fish Species Distributions across Coral Reef Seascapes. PLoS One 3:1-12. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Pittman, SJ; Brown, KA. 2011. Multi-Scale Approach for Predicting Fish Species Distributions across Coral Reef Seascapes. PLoS One 6. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Richard Newton. 2011. Continental Marsh Preserve: Baseline Documentation File / Property Management Plan. 2011
Rolfe, J; Windle, J. 2011. Assessing community values for reducing agricultural emissions to improve water quality and protect coral health in the Great Barrier Reef. Water Resources Research 47. 2011 Australia Model Agriculture; Monetary Valuation; Non-point Source Runoff
Ryu, J., T. M. Leschine, J. Namb, W. K. Chang, and K. Dyson. 2011. A resilience-based approach for comparing expert preferences across two large-scale coastal management programs. Journal of Environmental Management 92:92-101. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Salmela, L; Schroder, J. 2011. Correcting errors in short reads by multiple alignments. Bioinformatics 27:1455-1461. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Samy, M; Lizaso, JLS; Forcada, A. 2011. Status of marine protected areas in Egypt. Pages 165-177 in Conference on SIEBM 2010. BARCELONA. 2011 Egypt Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Santos, MN; Leitao, F; Moura, A; Cerqueira, M; Monteiro, CC. 2011. Diplodus spp. on artificial reefs of different ages: influence of the associated macrobenthic community. ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:87-97. 2011 Artificial Habitat; Fish
Soares, MC; Oliveira, RF; Ros, AFH; Grutter, AS; Bshary, R. 2011. Tactile stimulation lowers stress in fish. Nature Communications 2. 2011 Model Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Souter, P; Bay, LK; Andreakis, N; Csaszar, N; Seneca, FO; van Oppen, MJH. 2011. A multilocus, temperature stress-related gene expression profile assay in Acropora millepora, a dominant reef-building coral. Molecular Ecology Resources 11:328-334. 2011 Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Stony Coral
Spillman, CM. 2011. Operational real-time seasonal forecasts for coral reef management. Journal Of Operational Oceanography 4:13-22. 2011 Global; Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Sea Temperatures
Tallis, H., T. Ricketts, A.D Guerry, E. Nelson, D. Ennaanay, S. Wolny, N. Olswero, K. Vigerstol, D. Pennington, G. Mendoza, J. Aukema, J. Foster, J. Forrest, D. Cameron, E. Lonsdorf, C. Kennedy, G. Verutes, C. K. Kim, G. Guannel, M. Papenfus, et al., editor. 2011. InVEST 2.0 Beta User�s Guide: Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs - A modeling suite developed by the Natural Capital Project to support environmental decision-making. The National Project, Stanford, Palo Alto, (CA, USA). 2011 Model Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Teixido, N; Albajes-Eizagirre, A; Bolbo, D; Le Hir, E; Demestre, M; Garrabou, J; Guigues, L; Gili, JM; Piera, J; Prelot, T; Soria-Frisch, A. 2011. Hierarchical segmentation-based software for cover classification analyses of seabed images (Seascape). Marine Ecology Progress Series 431:45+. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. QSAR modelling toxicity toward rats of inorganic substances by means of CORAL. Central European Journal Of Chemistry 9:75-85. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Diaza, RG; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. Analysis of the co-evolutions of correlations as a tool for QSAR-modeling of carcinogenicity: an unexpected good prediction based on a model that seems untrustworthy. Central European Journal Of Chemistry 9:165-174. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Wang, Y; Pan, Y; Price, A; Martin, LJ. 2011. Generation and characterization of transgenic mice expressing mitochondrial targeted red fluorescent protein selectively in neurons: modeling mitochondriopathy in excitotoxicity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Molecular Neurodegeneration 6. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens
Adams, E. W. and C. A. Hasler. 2010. The intrinsic effect of shape on the retrogradation motif and timing of drowning of carbonate patch reef systems (Lower Frasnian, Bugle Gap, Canning Basin, Western Australia). Sedimentology 57:956-984. 2010 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Albouy, C., D. Mouillot, D. Rocklin, J. M. Culioli, and F. Le Loc'h. 2010. Simulation of the combined effects of artisanal and recreational fisheries on a Mediterranean MPA ecosystem using a trophic model. Marine Ecology Progress Series 412:207-221. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Armsworth, P. R. and J. E. Roughgarden. 2010. The economic value of ecological stability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:7147-7151. 2010 Model Monetary Valuation
Beger, M., S. Linke, M. Watts, E. Game, E. Treml, I. Ball, and H. P. Possingham. 2010. Incorporating asymmetric connectivity into spatial decision making for conservation. Conservation Letters 3:359-368. 2010 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bejarano, S., P. J. Mumby, J. D. Hedley, and I. Sotheran. 2010. Combining optical and acoustic data to enhance the detection of Caribbean forereef habitats. Remote Sensing of Environment 114:2768-2778. 2010 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bischof, B. G. 2010. Negotiating uncertainty Framing attitudes, prioritizing issues, and finding consensus in the coral reef environment management "crisis". Ocean and Coastal Management 53:597-614. 2010 Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mitigation
Bordalo, P., N. Gennaioli, and A. Shleifer. 2010. Salience theory of choice under risk. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA. 2010 Model
Boudali, H., P. Crouzen, and M. Stoelinga. 2010. A Rigorous, Compositional, and Extensible Framework for Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis. Ieee Transactions On Dependable And Secure Computing 7:128-143. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Chou, L. M., D. W. Huang, K. P. P. Tun, J. T. B. Kwik, Y. C. Tay, and A. L. Seow. 2010. Temporal Changes in Reef Community Structure at Bintan Island (Indonesia) Suggest Need for Integrated Management. Pacific Science 64:99-111. 2010 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Fish; Hotel & Food Services; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Colton, M. A. and S. E. Swearer. 2010. A comparison of two survey methods: differences between underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400:19-36. 2010 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Banks, Credit, & Securities; Fish
Crawford, B., M. D. Herrera, N. Hernandez, C. R. Leclair, N. Jiddawi, S. Masumbuko, and M. Haws. 2010. Small Scale Fisheries Management: Lessons from Cockle Harvesters in Nicaragua and Tanzania. Coastal Management 38:195-215. 2010 Nicaragua; Tanzania; Fiji Model Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Croquer, A., D. Debrot, E. Klein, M. Kurten, S. Rodriguez, and C. Bastidas. 2010. What can two years of monitoring tell us about Venezuelan coral reefs? The Southern Tropical America node of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (STA-GCRMN). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:51-65. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Sponges; Stony Coral
Dalton, S. J., S. Godwin, S. D. A. Smith, and L. Pereg. 2010. Australian subtropical white syndrome: a transmissible, temperature-dependent coral disease. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:342-350. 2010 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Pathogens; Stony Coral
dos Santos, L. N., D. S. Brotto, and I. R. Zalmon. 2010. Fish responses to increasing distance from artificial reefs on the Southeastern Brazilian Coast. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 386:54-60. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Small Herbivorous Fish
Dunne, R. P. 2010. Synergy or antagonism-interactions between stressors on coral reefs. Coral Reefs 29:145-152. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Faure, V., C. Pinazo, J. P. Torreton, and P. Douillet. 2010. Modelling the spatial and temporal variability of the SW lagoon of New Caledonia II: Realistic 3D simulations compared with in situ data. Marine Pollution Bulletin 61:480-502. 2010 New Caledonia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Frank, D. M. and S. Sarkar. 2010. Group Decisions in Biodiversity Conservation: Implications from Game Theory. PLoS One 5:e10688. 2010 Philippines; South Africa; United Kingdom Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Funding & Incentives
Galindo, H. M., A. S. Pfeiffer-Herbert, M. A. McManus, Y. Chao, F. Chai, and S. R. Palumbi. 2010. Seascape genetics along a steep cline: using genetic patterns to test predictions of marine larval dispersal. Molecular Ecology 19:3692-3707. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Gleason, M., S. McCreary, M. Miller-Henson, J. Ugoretz, E. Fox, M. Merrifield, W. McClintock, P. Serpa, and K. Hoffman. 2010. Science-based and stakeholder-driven marine protected area network planning: A successful case study from north central California. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:52-68. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas
Harper, S. J. M., C. R. Bates, H. M. Guzman, and J. M. Mair. 2010. Acoustic mapping of fish aggregation areas to improve fisheries management in Las Perlas Archipelago, Pacific Panama. Ocean and Coastal Management 53:615-623. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management
Harrington, R., C. Anton, T. P. Dawson, F. de Bello, C. K. Feld, J. R. Haslett, T. Kluvankova-Oravska, A. Kontogianni, S. Lavorel, G. W. Luck, M. D. A. Rounsevell, M. J. Samways, J. Settele, M. Skourtos, J. H. Spangenberg, M. Vandewalle, M. Zobel, and P. A. Harrison. 2010. Ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation: concepts and a glossary. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2773-2790. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Valuation
Hayes, M. L., R. I. Eytan, and M. E. Hellberg. 2010. High amino acid diversity and positive selection at a putative coral immunity gene (tachylectin-2). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:150. 2010 Japan Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Hill, N. A., A. R. Pepper, M. L. Puotinen, M. G. Hughes, G. J. Edgar, N. S. Barrett, R. D. Stuart-Smith, and R. Leaper. 2010. Quantifying wave exposure in shallow temperate reef systems: applicability of fetch models for predicting algal biodiversity. Marine Ecology Progress Series 417:83-U100. 2010 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae
Holmes, G. and R. W. Johnstone. 2010. Modelling coral reef ecosystems with limited observational data. Ecological Modelling 221:1173-1183. 2010 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Ikmi, A. and M. C. Gibson. 2010. Identification and In Vivo Characterization of NvFP-7R, a Developmentally Regulated Red Fluorescent Protein of Nematostella vectensis. PLoS One 5:e11807. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids
Ilagan, R. P., E. Rhoades, D. F. Gruber, H. T. Kao, V. A. Pieribone, and L. Regan. 2010. A new bright green-emitting fluorescent protein - engineered monomeric and dimeric forms. FEBS Journal 277:1967-1978. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Kaplan, D. M., S. Planes, C. Fauvelot, T. Brochier, C. Lett, N. Bodin, F. Le Loc'h, Y. Tremblay, and J. Y. Georges. 2010. New tools for the spatial management of living marine resources. Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability 2:88-93. 2010 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Knudby, A., A. Brenning, and E. LeDrew. 2010. New approaches to modelling fish�habitat relationships. Ecological Modelling 221:503-211. 2010 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Knudby, A., A. Brenning, and E. LeDrew. 2010. New approaches to modelling fish-habitat relationships. Ecological Modelling 221:503-511. 2010 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Water Depth & Sea Level
Launio, C. C., Y. Morooka, H. Aizaki, and Y. Iiguni. 2010. Perceptions of small-scale fishermen on the value of marine resources and protected areas: case of Claveria, Northern Philippines. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology 17:401-409. 2010 Philippines Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Housing; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management
Lauzon-Guay, J. S. and R. E. Scheibling. 2010. Spatial dynamics, ecological thresholds and phase shifts: modelling grazer aggregation and gap formation in kelp beds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 403:29-41. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Sea Urchins
Linan-Cabello, M. A., L. A. Flores-Ramirez, J. F. Cobo-Diaz, T. Zenteno-Savin, N. O. Olguin-Monroy, A. Olivos-Ortiz, and A. Tintos-Gomez. 2010. Response to short term ultraviolet stress in the reef-building coral Pocillopora capitata (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:103-118. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Algae; Light; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Lynam, T., J. Drewry, W. Higham, and C. Mitchell. 2010. Adaptive modelling for adaptive water quality management in the Great Barrier Reef region, Australia. Environmental Modelling & Software 25:1291-1301. 2010 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Resource Use Management; Sediment
Malcolm, H. A. and S. D. A. Smith. 2010. Objective selection of surrogate families to describe reef fish assemblages in a subtropical marine park. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:3611-3618. 2010 Australia Fish; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Maynard, J. A., K. R. N. Anthony, S. Afatta, N. Dahl-Tacconi, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2010. Making a Model Meaningful to Coral Reef Managers in a Developing Nation: a Case Study of Overfishing and Rock Anchoring in Indonesia. Conservation Biology 24:1316-1326. 2010 Indonesia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Small Herbivorous Fish
Melbourne-Thomas, J. 2010. CORSET documentation: how to access and use the Coral Reef Scenario Evaluation Tool via the reef scenarios portal. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Miller, T. L., R. D. Adlard, R. A. Bray, J. L. Justine, and T. H. Cribb. 2010. Cryptic species of Euryakaina n. g. (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from sympatric lutjanids in the Indo-West Pacific. Systematic Parasitology 77:185-204. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Maldives; New Caledonia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Docks & Marinas
Molina, J. L., J. Bromley, J.L. Garcia-Arostegui, C. Sullivan, J. Benavente. 2010. Integrated water resources management of overexploited hydrogeological systems using Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks. Environmental Modelling & Software 25:383-397. 2010 Spain Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Moussa, R. M. 2010. Estimation of the size of lagoon fish sold at the roadside as tui on Moorea Island (French Polynesia) by analysis of digital images. Cybium 34:73-82. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Oran. C. and C. Marriott. 2010. Using Adaptive Management to Resolve Uncertainties for Wave and Tidal Energy Projects. Oceanography 23:92-97. 2010 Surface & Groundwater Flow
Oren, M., K. O. Amar, J. Douek, T. Rosenzweig, G. Paz, and B. Rinkevich. 2010. Assembled catalog of immune-related genes from allogeneic challenged corals that unveils the participation of vWF-like transcript. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 34:630-637. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Patrick, W. S., P. Spencer, J. Link, J. Cope, J. Field, D. Kobayashi, P. Lawson, T. Gedamke, E. Cortes, O. Ormseth, K. Bigelow, and W. Overholtz. 2010. Using productivity and susceptibility indices to assess the vulnerability of United States fish stocks to overfishing. Fishery Bulletin 108:305-322. 2010 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector
Peterson, M. J., D. M. Hall, A. M. Feldpausch-Paker, and T. R. Peterson. 2010. Obscuring ecosystem function with application of the ecosystem services concept. Conservation Biology 21:113-119. 2010 Global Valuation
Roelfsema, C. and S. Phinn. 2010. Integrating field data with high spatial resolution multispectral satellite imagery for calibration and validation of coral reef benthic community maps. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 4:43527. 2010 Fiji Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Rounsevell, M. D. A., T. P. Dawson, and P. A. Harrison. 2010. A conceptual framework to assess the effects of environmental change on ecosystem services. Biodiversity and Conservation 19:2823-2842. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mitigation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Ryan, J. C., J. S. Morey, M. Y. D. Bottein, J. S. Ramsdell, and F. M. Van Dolah. 2010. Gene expression profiling in brain of mice exposed to the marine neurotoxin ciguatoxin reveals an acute anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective response. Bmc Neuroscience 11:107. 2010 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Samhouri, J. F., P. S. Levin, and C. H. Ainsworth. 2010. Identifying Thresholds for Ecosystem-Based Management. PLoS One 5:e8907. 2010 Columbia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest
Scharron, C. E. R. 2010. Sediment production from unpaved roads in a sub-tropical dry setting - Southwestern Puerto Rico. Catena 82:146-158. 2010 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Development; Mitigation; Sediment; Transportation Policies
Selig, E. R. and J. F. Bruno. 2010. A global analysis of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in preventing coral loss. PLoS One 5:e9278. 2010 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Stony Coral
Semmens, B. X., P. J. Auster, M. J. Paddack. 2010. Using ecological null models to assess the potential for marine protected area networks to protect biodiversity. PLoS Biology 5:e8895.doi:10.1371/jourl.pone.0008895. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Shenton, W., B. T. Hart, and J. Brodie. 2010. A Bayesian network model linking nutrient management actions in the Tully catchment (northern Queensland) with Great Barrier Reef condition. Marine and Freshwater Research 61:587-595. 2010 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Algae; Decision Support; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sheppard, C., M. Al-Husiani, F. Al-Jamali, F. Al-Yamani, R. Baldwin, J. Bishop, F. Benzoni, E. Dutrieux, N. K. Dulvy, S. R. V. Durvasula, D. A. Jones, R. Loughland, D. Medio, M. Nithyanandan, G. M. Pilling, I. Polikarpov, A. R. G. Price, S. Purkis, B. Riegl, and M. Saburova. 2010. The Gulf: A young sea in decline. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:13-38. 2010 Review Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Springer, Y. P., C. G. Hays, M. H. Carr, and M. R. Mackey. 2010. Toward Ecosystem-Based Management Of Marine Macroalgae-The Bull Kelp, Nereocystis Luetkeana. Pages 1-41 Oceanography And Marine Biology: An Annual Review, Vol 48. 2010 Review Algae; Primary Production
Steiner, S. C. C. and D. A. Willette. 2010. Distribution and size of benthic marine habitats in Dominica, Lesser Antilles. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:589-602. 2010 Antilles Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Ports & Harbors; Seagrasses
STEWART-KOSTER, B., S. E. BUNN, S. J . MACKAY, N. L. POFF, R. J. NAIMAN, AND P. S. LAKE. 2010. The use of Bayesian networks to guide investments in flow and catchment restoration for impaired river ecosystems. Freshwater Biology 55:243-260. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Seawater Flow; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Teske, P. R., F. R. G. Forget, P. D. Cowley, S. von der Heyden, and L. B. Beheregaray. 2010. Connectivity between marine reserves and exploited areas in the philopatric reef fish Chrysoblephus laticeps (Teleostei: Sparidae). Marine Biology 157:2029-2042. 2010 Oman; South Africa Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Vignon, M. and P. Sasal. 2010. Multiscale determinants of parasite abundance: A quantitative hierarchical approach for coral reef fishes. International Journal for Parasitology 40:443-451. 2010 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Voinov, A. and F. Bousquet. 2010. Modelling with stakeholders. Environmental Modelling & Software 25:1268-1281. 2010 Oman Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Special Use Permitting
Walker, S. P. W., L. Thibaut, and M. I. McCormick. 2010. Density-Dependent Sex Ratio Adjustment and the Allee Effect: A Model and a Test Using a Sex-Changing Fish. American Naturalist 176:312-321. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Invertebrates
Ward-Paige, C., J. M. Flemming, and H. K. Lotze. 2010. Overestimating Fish Counts by Non-Instantaneous Visual Censuses: Consequences for Population and Community Descriptions. PLoS One 5:e11722. 2010 Model Apex Fish Predators; Fish
Water Stewardship Inc. 2010. Beta Test Report: Process Development & Description of Findings. 2010 Agriculture; Nutrients
Westerberg, V. H., R. Lifran, and S. B. Olsen. 2010. To restore or not? A valuation of social and ecological functions of the Marais des Baux wetland in Southern France. Ecological Economics 69:2383-2393. 2010 France Model Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Aburto-Oropeza, O., I. Dominguez-Guerrero, J. Cota-Nieto, and T. Plomozo-Lugo. 2009. Recruitment and ontogenetic habitat shifts of the yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) in the Gulf of California. Marine Biology 156:2461-2472. 2009 Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Albanez-Lucero, M. O. and F. Arreguin-Sanchez. 2009. Modelling the spatial distribution of red grouper (Epinephelus morio) at Campeche Bank, Mexico, with respect substrate. Ecological Modelling 220:2744-2750. 2009 South & Central America; Cuba; Mexico Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish; Substrate
Ban, N. C., G. J. A. Hansen, M. Jones, and A. C. J. Vincent. 2009. Systematic marine conservation planning in data-poor regions: Socioeconomic data is essential. Marine Policy 33:794-800. 2009 Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Barber, J. S., D. M. Chosid, R. P. Glenn, and K. A. Whitmore. 2009. A systematic model for artificial reef site selection. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:283-297. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mitigation; Substrate
Baron, J. S., L. Gunderson, C. D. Allen, E. Fleishman, D. McKenzie, L. A. Meyerson, J. Oropeza, and N. Stephenson. 2009. Options for National Parks and Reserves for Adapting to Climate Change. Environmental Management 44:1033-1042. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management
Binimelis, R., I. Monterroso, and B. Rodriguez-Labajos. 2009. Catalan agriculture and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) � An application of DPSIR model. Ecological Economics 69:55-62. 2009 Europe; Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture
Bohnet, I. C. and C. Kinjun. 2009. Community uses and values of water informing water quality improvement planning: a study from the Great Barrier Reef region, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1176-1182. 2009 Australia Valuation
Botsford, L. W., J. W. White, A. Coffroth M.-, C. B. Paris, S. Planes, T. L. Shearer, S. R. Thorrold, and G. P. Jones. 2009. Connectivity and resilience of coral reef metapopulations in marine protected areas: matching empirical efforts to predictive needs. Coral Reefs 11-Jan. 2009 Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas
Brandt, M. E. and J. W. McManus. 2009. Dynamics and impact of the coral disease white plague: insights from a simulation model. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 87:117-133. 2009 Cayman Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens
Calo, C. F. F., A. Schiavetti, and M. Cetra. 2009. Local ecological and taxonomic knowledge of snapper fish (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) held by fishermen in Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology 7:403-414. 2009 Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Camargo, C., J. H. Maldonado, E. Alvarado, R. Moreno-Sanchez, S. Mendoza, N. Manrique, A. Mogollon, J. D. Osorio, A. Grajales, and J. A. Sanchez. 2009. Community involvement in management for maintaining coral reef resilience and biodiversity in southern Caribbean marine protected areas. Biodiversity and Conservation 18:935-956. 2009 South & Central America; Oman; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Chai, H., N. Li, C. Xiao, X. Liu, D. Li, C. Wang, and D. Wu. 2009. Automatic discrimination of sedimentary facies and lithologies in reef-bank reservoirs using borehole image logs. Applied Geophysics 6:17-29. 2009 China Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Collen, J. D., J. P. A. Gardner, and D. W. Garton. 2009. Application of the littoral cell concept to managing a protected atoll: Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:628-635. 2009 Palmyra Atoll Sediment
Contamin, R. and A. M. Ellison. 2009. Indicators of regime shifts in ecological systems: What do we need to know and when do we need to know it? Ecological Applications 19:799-816. 2009 Model; Index or Indicator Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Costa, C., M. Scardi, V. Vitalini, and S. Cataudella. 2009. A dual camera system for counting and sizing Northern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus; Linnaeus, 1758) stock, during transfer to aquaculture cages, with a semi automatic Artificial Neural Network tool. Aquaculture 291:161-167. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquaculture; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Cudney-Bueno, R., M.F. Lavin, S.G. Marinone, P.T. Raimondi, W.W. Shaw. 2009. Rapid Effects of Marine Reserves via Larval Dispersal. PLoS One 4:e4140. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Daily, G.C., S. Polasky, J. Goldstein, P.M. Kareiva, H.A. Mooney, L. Pejchar, T.H. Ricketts, J. Salzman, and R. Shallenberger. 2009. Ecosystem services in decision making: time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:21-28. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Banks, Credit, & Securities; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
deGroot, R. S., R. Alkemade, L. Braat, L. Hein, and L. Willemen. 2009. Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological Complexity (inpress). 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Valuation
Dikou, A., C. Ackerman, C. Banks, A. Dempsey, M. Fox, M. Gins, P. Hester, A. Parnes, S. Roach, J. Rohde, C. Spital, M. Tapleshay, and L. Thomas. 2009. Ecological assessment to detect imminent change in coral reefs of Admiral Cockburn Land and Sea National Park, Turks and Caicos Islands. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 30:425-436. 2009 South & Central America; Turks and Caicos; Caribbean Index or Indicator Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Sediment; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation; Turf Algae
Dung, L. D. 2009. Nha Trang Bay marine protected area, Vietnam: Initial trends in coral structure and some preliminary linkages between these trends and human activities (2002-2005). Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 12:249-257. 2009 Vietnam Aquaculture; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 2009. Report to Congress on the Potential Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies. Department of Energy. 2009 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Cultural Policies; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Mitigation; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Utility Policies
Erbe, C. and A. R. King. 2009. Modeling cumulative sound exposure around marine seismic surveys. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125:2443-2451. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Fancy, S. G., J. E. Gross, and S. L. Carter. 2009. Monitoring the condition of natural resources in US national parks. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 151:161-174. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Fisher, B., R. K. Turner, and P. Morling. 2009. Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecological Economics 68:643-653. 2009 Model
Green, A., S. E. Smith, G. Lipsett-Moore, C. Groves, N. Peterson, S. Sheppard, P. Lokani, R. Hamilton, J. Almany, J. Aitsi, and L. Bualia. 2009. Designing a resilient network of marine protected areas for Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. ORYX 43:488-498. 2009 Papua New Guinea Climate; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation
Green, B. S. and C. Gardner. 2009. Surviving a sea-change: survival of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) translocated to a site of fast growth. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:656-664. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Guo, W., S. H. Li, and D. K. Zhu. 2009. The application of geographic information technology to coastal geomorphology. Acta Oceanologica Sinica 28:49-57. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Ports & Harbors
Gutierrez-Rodriguez, C., M. S. Barbeitos, J. A. Sanchez, and H. R. Lasker. 2009. Phylogeography and morphological variation of the branching octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50:1-15. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Caribbean Octocoral
Gutierrez-Rodriguez, C., M. S. Barbeitos, J. A. Sanchez, and H. R. Lasker. 2009. Phylogeography and morphological variation of the branching octocoral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50:15-Jan. 2009 South & Central America; Florida; Bahamas; Caribbean Octocoral
Halpern, B. S., S. E. Lester, and J. B. Kellner. 2009. Spillover from marine reserves and the replenishment of fished stocks. Environmental Conservation 36:268-276. 2009 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Hattori, A. and M. Kobayashi. 2009. Incorporating fine-scale seascape composition in an assessment of habitat quality for the giant sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea in a coral reef shore zone. Ecological Research 24:415-422. 2009 Japan Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Seagrasses
Hourigan, T. F. 2009. Managing fishery impacts on deep-water coral ecosystems of the USA: emerging best practices. Marine Ecology Progress Series 397:333-340. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
ILM Secretariat (Environment Canada), GeoConnections and International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2009. Integrated management and geospatial information network for the environment - building a shared vision: workshop report. Ottawa, ON, Canada. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landuse Management
Johnson, C. R. 2009. Natural Length Scales of Ecological Systems: Applications at Community and Ecosystem Levels. Ecology and Society 14:7. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Kendall, M. S., L. J. Bauer, and C. F. G. Jeffrey. 2009. Influence Of Hard Bottom Morphology On Fish Assemblages Of The Continental Shelf Off Georgia, Southeastern Usa. Bulletin of Marine Science 84:265-286. 2009 Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Kuldna, P., K. Peterson, H. Poltimae, and Jaan Luig. 2009. An application of DPSIR framework to identify issues of pollinator loss. Ecological Economics 69:32-42. 2009 Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies
Luo, J. G., J. E. Serafy, S. Sponaugle, P. B. Teare, and D. Kieckbusch. 2009. Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:255-269. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Luo, J., J. E. Serafy, S. Sponaugle, P. B. Teare, and D. Kieckbusch. 2009. Movement of gray snapper Lutjanus griseus among subtropical seagrass, mangrove, and coral reef habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:255-269. 2009 Florida Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Piscivorous Fish; Seagrasses
Macpherson, A. J., P. P. Principe, and E. R. Smith. 2009. A production function approach to regional environmental-economic assessments. US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, (NC, USA). 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; Index or Indicator
Maeno, S., L. G. Bierawski, W. Magda, and M. Ogawa. 2009. Vof-Dem-Fem Combined Model Of The Reef Breakwater Collapse. Coastal Engineering Journal 51:223-242. 2009 Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Shoreline Protection; Skeletal Coral
Maxim, L. and J. H. Spangenberg. 2009. Driving forces of chemical risks for the European biodiversity. Ecological Economics 69:43-54. 2009 Europe Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Special Use Permitting
Maxim, L., J. H. Spangenberg, and M. O'Connor. 2009. An analysis of risks for biodiversity under the DPSIR framework. Ecological Economics 69:12-23. 2009 Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
McAdoo, B. G., A. Moore, and J. Baumwoll. 2009. Indigenous knowledge and the near field population response during the 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami. Natural Hazards 48:73-82. 2009 Solomon Islands Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Housing; Mitigation; Shoreline Protection
McClinktock, W., M. Merrifield, and C. Steinback. 2009. MarineMap: Decision Support for Marine Spatial Planning. UC Santa Barbara, Ecotrust, and The Nature Conservancy. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support
Metaxas, A. and M. Saunders. 2009. Quantifying the "bio-" components in biophysical models of larval transport in marine benthic invertebrates: advances and pitfalls. Biological Bulletin 216:257-272. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Invertebrates
Moses, C. S., S. Andrefouet, C. J. Kranenburg, and F. E. Muller-Karger. 2009. Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity Using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:103-115. 2009 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment
Nelson, E., G. Mendoza, J. Regetz, S. Polasky, H. Tallis, D. R. Cameron, K. M. A. Chan, G. C. Daily, J. Goldstein, P. M. Kareiva, E. Lonsdorf, R. Naidoo, T. H. Ricketts, and M. R. Shaw. 2009. Modeling multiple ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, commodity production, and tradeoffs at landscape scales. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:4-11. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Carbon Storage & Cycling; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Resource Use Management; Valuation
Nguyen, H. Y. T., O. Pedersen, K. Ikejima, K. Sunada, and S. Oishi. 2009. Using reefcheck monitoring database to develop the coral reef index of biological integrity. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 4:90-102. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Small Boats; Stony Coral
Nursey-Bray, M. 2009. A Guugu Yimmithir Bam Wii: Ngawiya and Girrbithi: Hunting, planning and management along the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Geoforum 40:442-453. 2009 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Resource Use Management
Ojeda-Martinez, C., F. G. Casalduero, J. T. Bayle-Sempere, C. B. Cebrian, C. Valle, J. L. Sanchez-Lizaso, A. Forcada, P. Sanchez-Jerez, P. Martin-Sosa, J. M. Falcon, F. Salas, M. Graziano, R. Chemello, B. Stobart, P. Cartagena, A. Perez-Ruzafa, F. Vandeperre, E. Rochel, S. Planes, and A. Brito. 2009. A conceptual framework for the integral management of marine protected areas. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:89-101. 2009 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Omann, I., A. Stocker, and J. Jager. 2009. Climate change as a threat to biodiversity: an application of the DPSIR approach. Ecological Economics 69:24-31. 2009 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Primary Production; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ortiz-Lozano, L., A. Granados-Barba, and I. Espejel. 2009. Ecosystemic zonification as a management tool for marine protected areas in the coastal zone: Applications for the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park, Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 52:317-323. 2009 South & Central America; Mexico Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas
Pedersen, S. A., H. Fock, J. Krause, C. Pusch, A. L. Sell, U. Bottcher, S. I. Rogers, M. Skold, H. Skov, M. Podolska, G. J. Piet, and J. C. Rice. 2009. Natura 2000 sites and fisheries in German offshore waters. ICES Journal of Marine Science 66:155-169. 2009 Designate Protected Species; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Pellegrini, J. A. C., M. L. G. Soares, F. O. Chaves, G. C. D. Estrada, and V. F. Cavalcanti. 2009. A Method for the Classification of Mangrove Forests and Sensitivity/Vulnerability Analysis. Journal of Coastal Research 443-447. 2009 GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Puig, V., G. Cembrano, J. Romera, J. Quevedo, B. Aznar, G. Ramon, and J. Cabot. 2009. Predictive optimal control of sewer networks using CORAL tool: application to Riera Blanca catchment in Barcelona. Water Science and Technology 60:869-878. 2009 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Puillandre, N., E. E. Strong, P. Bouchet, M. C. Boisselier, A. Couloux, and S. Samadi. 2009. Identifying gastropod spawn from DNA barcodes: possible but not yet practicable. Molecular Ecology Resources 9:1311-1321. 2009 New Caledonia; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Molluscs
Rodriguez-Labajos, B., R. Binimelis, and I. Monterroso. 2009. Multi-level driving forces of biological invasions. Ecological Economics 69:63-75. 2009 Review; Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roseman, E. F., J. S. Schaeffer, and P. J. Steen. 2009. Review of fish diversity in the Lake Huron basin. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 12:22-Nov. 2009 Review Climate; Fish; Fishing Sector; Remediation; Schools & Colleges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Russell, B. D., J. A. I. Thompson, L. J. Falkenberg, and S. D. Connell. 2009. Synergistic effects of climate change and local stressors: CO2 and nutrient-driven change in subtidal rocky habitats. Global Change Biology 15:2153-2162. 2009 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Economic Markets & Policies; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Sanchirico, J. N. and P. Mumby. 2009. Mapping ecosystem functions to the valuation of ecosystem services: Implications of species-habitat associations for coastal land-use decisions. Theoretical Ecology 2:67-77. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Santos, R. S., S. Christiansen, B. Christiansen, and S. Gubbay. 2009. Toward the conservation and management of Sedlo Seamount: A case study. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56:2720-2730. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Scarfe, B. E., T. R. Healy, and H. G. Rennie. 2009. Research-Based Surfing Literature for Coastal Management and the Science of Surfing-A Review. Journal of Coastal Research 25:539-557. 2009 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Semeniuk, C. A. D., W. Haider, B. Beardmore, and K. D. Rothley. 2009. A multi-attribute trade-off approach for advancing the management of marine wildlife tourism: a quantitative assessment of heterogeneous visitor preferences. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 19:194-208. 2009 Cayman Islands Model Tourism & Recreation
Smajgl, A., S. Morris, and S. Heckbert. 2009. Water policy impact assessment - combining modelling techniques in the Great Barrier Reef region. Water Policy 11:191-202. 2009 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support
Som, S. K., V. Shivgotra, and A. Saha. 2009. Coral microatoll as geodetic tool in North Andaman and Little Andaman, India. Journal of Earth System Science 118:157-162. 2009 Global; India Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Spangenberg, J. H., J. Martinez-Alier, I. Omann, I. Monterroso, and R. Binimelis. 2009. The DPSIR scheme for analysing biodiversity loss and developing preservation strategies. Ecological Economics 69:9-11. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Spillman, C. M. and O. Alves. 2009. Dynamical seasonal prediction of summer sea surface temperatures in the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 28:197-206. 2009 Global; Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Sunagawa, S., E. C. Wilson, M. Thaler, M. L. Smith, C. Caruso, J. R. Pringle, V. M. Weis, M. Medina, and J. A. Schwarz. 2009. Generation and analysis of transcriptomic resources for a model system on the rise: the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida and its dinoflagellate endosymbiont. BMC Genomics 10:258. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Sutton, S. G. and R. C. Tobin. 2009. Recreational fishers' attitudes towards the 2004 rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Environmental Conservation 36:245-252. 2009 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Teh, L. C. L., L. S. L. Teh, B. Starkhouse, and U. Rashid Sumaila. 2009. An overview of socio-economic and ecological perspectives of Fiji's inshore reef fisheries. Marine Policy 33:807-817. 2009 Fiji Review Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Tissot, B. N., W. J. Walsh, and M. A. Hixon. 2009. Hawaiian Islands Marine Ecosystem Case Study: Ecosystem- and Community-Based Management in Hawaii. Coastal Management 37:255-273. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting
Tittensor, D. P., A. R. Baco, P. E. Brewin, M. R. Clark, M. Consalvey, J. Hall-Spencer, A. A. Rowden, T. Schlacher, K. I. Stocks, and A. D. Rogers. 2009. Predicting global habitat suitability for stony corals on seamounts. Journal of Biogeography 36:1111-1128. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Complex Habitat & Resources; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Truscan, D., T. Lundkvist, M. Alanen, K. Sandstrom, I. Porres, and J. Lilius. 2009. MDE for SoC design. Pages 49-64 in Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering. 2009 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Van Herwerden, L., J. H. Choat, S. J. Newman, M. Leray, and G. Hillersoy. 2009. Complex patterns of population structure and recruitment of Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Epinephelidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: implications for fisheries management. Marine Biology 156:1595-1607. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Taiwan Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Van Herwerden, L., J. Howard Choat, S. J. Newman, M. Leray, and G. Hillersoy. 2009. Complex patterns of population structure and recruitment of Plectropomus leopardus (Pisces: Epinephelidae) in the Indo-West Pacific: implications for fisheries management. Marine Biology 13-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Taiwan Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
van Hooidonk, R. and M. Huber. 2009. Quantifying the quality of coral bleaching predictions. Coral Reefs 28:579-587. 2009 Global GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sea Temperatures
van Hooidonk, R. and M. Huber. 2009. Quantifying the quality of coral bleaching predictions. Coral Reefs 9-Jan. 2009 Global GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sea Temperatures
Vignon, M., P. Sasal, M. C. Rigby, and R. Galzin. 2009. Multiple parasite introduction and host management plan: case study of lutjanid fish in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 85:133-145. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Piscivorous Fish
Villa, F., M. Ceroni, K. Bagstad, G. Johnson, and S. Krivov. 2009. ARIES (ARtificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services): a new tool for ecosystem services assessment, planning, and valuation. in Proceedings of the 11th Annual BIOECON Conference on Economic Instruments to Enhance the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity. Venice, Italy, September, 2000. 2009 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
von Winterfeldt, D. and B. Fasolo. 2009. Structuring decision problems: A case study and reflections for practitioners. European Journal of Operational Research 199:857-866. 2009 Review; Model Natural Gas & Electric Power
Walton, R. S. and H. M. Hunter. 2009. Isolating the water quality responses of multiple land uses from stream monitoring data through model calibration. Journal of Hydrology 378:29-45. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Watts, M. E., I. R. Ball, R. S. Stewart, C. J. Klein, K. Wilson, C. Steinback, R. Lourival, L. Kircher, and H. P. Possingham. 2009. Marxan with Zones: Software for optimal conservation based land- and sea-use zoning. Environmental Modelling & Software 24:1513-1521. 2009 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Weir, C. R. 2009. Distribution, behaviour and photo-identification of Atlantic humpback dolphins Sousa teuszii off Flamingos, Angola. African Journal of Marine Science 31:319-331. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Housing; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Yadav, S. P., D. N. Singh, A. K. Singh, and R. Prasad. 2009. Electrical resistivity imaging for the study of quartz reef using inverse slope method. Current Science 96:1521-1527. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Zorrilla, P., G. Carmona, A. De la Hera, C. Varela-Ortega, P. Martinez-Santos, J. Bromley, and H. Jorgen Henriksen. 2009. Evaluation of Bayesian Networks in Participatory Water Resources Management, Upper Guadiana Basin, Spain. Ecology and Society 15. 2009 Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
2008. Coral Bay Watershed Management Plan A Pilot Project for Watershed Planning in the USVI. Center for Watershed Protection, Wllicott City,(Maryland, USA). 2008
Arentze, T. A., B. G. C. Dellaert, H. J. P. Timmermans. 2008. Modeling and Measuring Individuals� Mental Representations of Complex Spatio-Temporal Decision Problems. Environment and Behavior 40:843-869. 2008 Model; GIS & Maps
Aydin, N. 2008. The need for tourism satellite account: a florida case study: more basic estimating methods reach only the tip of the iceberg. Applied Research in Economic Development 5:37-47. 2008 Florida Model Tourism & Recreation
Barton, D. N., T. Saloranta, S.J. Moe, H.O. Eggestad, and S. Kuikka. 2008. Bayesian belief networks as a meta-modelling tool in integrated river basin management Pros and cons in evaluating nutrient abatement decisions under uncertainty in a Norwegian river basin. Ecological Economics 66:91-104. 2008 Norway Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Recreational Opportunities; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation
Baums, I. B. 2008. A restoration genetics guide for coral reef conservation. Molecular Ecology 17:2796-2811. 2008 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Bay, L. K., M. J. M. Caley, and R. H. Crozier. 2008. Meta-population structure in a coral reef fish demonstrated by genetic data on patterns of migration, extinction and re-colonisation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8. 2008 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Beech, T., M. Dowd, C. Field, B. Hatcher, and S. Andrefouet. 2008. A stochastic approach to marine reserve design: Incorporating data uncertainty. Ecological Informatics 3:321-333. 2008 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Marine Protected Areas
Ben-Tzvi, O., M. Kiflawi, S. D. Gaines, M. Al-Zibdah, M. S. Sheeny, G. L. Paradis, and A. Abelson. 2008. Tracking recruitment pathways of Chromis viridis in the Gulf of Aqaba using otolith chemistry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 359:229-238. 2008 Egypt Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Buddemeier, R. W., P. L. Jokiel, K. M. Zimmerman, D. R. Lane, J. M. Carey, G. C. Bohling, and J. A. Martinich. 2008. A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 6:395-411. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; CO2
Cardona-Maldonado, M. A. 2008. Assessment of coral reef community structure using water optical properties. Masters Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico). 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrients; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate
Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan. 2008 Puerto Rico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Improved Technology; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge
Chang, Y.C., F.W. Hong, and M.T. Lee. 2008. A system dynamic based DSS for sustainable coral reef management in Kenting coastal zone, Taiwan. Ecological Modelling 211:153-168. 2008 Taiwan Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Sewage Treatment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Wastewater Discharge
Clemencic, M. 2008. LHCb distributed conditions database. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2008 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Conroy, M. J., R. J. Baker, P. W. Dillingham, D. Fletcher, A. M. Gormley, and I. M. Westbrooke. 2008. Application of decision theory to conservation management: recovery of Hector�s dolphin. Wildlife Research 35:93-102. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Resource Use Management; Whales & Dolphins
Crabbe, J.C. 2008. Climate change, global warming and coral reefs: Modelling the effects of temperature. Computational Biology and Chemistry 2008 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Internet & Telecommunications; Stony Coral
Davies, A. J., M. Wisshak, J. C. Orr, and J. Murray Roberts. 2008. Predicting suitable habitat for the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia). Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 55:1048-1062. 2008 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Salinity; Stony Coral
D'Entremont, A., J. Kaariainen, and K. Baker. 2008. SERPENT of the Deep - Research, monitoring and partnerships for a deepwater well off atlantic canada. Pages 1493-1500 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Schools & Colleges; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Drew, C. A. and D. B. Eggleston. 2008. Juvenile fish densities in Florida Keys mangroves correlate with landscape characteristics. Marine Ecology Progress Series 362:233-243. 2008 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Dryden, J., A. Grech, J. Moloney, and M. Hamann. 2008. Rezoning of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: Does it afford greater protection for marine turtles? Wildlife Research 35:477-485. 2008 Australia Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Sea Turtles; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Gangai, J. W., R. Lenaburg, B. Batten, E. Drei-Horgan, N. Sheffner, D. Hamilton, M. Rezakhani, and P. Shrestha. 2008. Hurricane Flood Insurance study for the Hawaiian Islands. Pages 432-443 in Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008 - Proceedings of the Solutions to Coastal Disasters Congress 2008. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Insurance; Military; Security Policies; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Goodman, J. A., M. Velez-Reyes, and S. Rosario-Torres. 2008. An update on SeaBED: A TesBED for validating subsurface aquatic hyperspectral remote sensing algorithms. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 7105. 2008 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Infrastructure; Seagrasses
Grech, A. and H. Marsh. 2008. Rapid assessment of risks to a mobile marine mammal in an ecosystem-scale marine protected area. Conservation Biology 22:711-720. 2008 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Non-point Source Runoff; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Whales & Dolphins
Hajkowicz, S. A. 2008. Supporting multi-stakeholder environmental decisions. Journal of Environmental Management 88:607-614. 2008 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Primary Production
Halpern, B. S., S. Walbridge, K. A. Selkoe, C. V. Kappel, F. Micheli, C. D�Agrosa, J. F. Bruno, K. S. Casey, C. Ebert, H. E. Fox, R. Fujita, D. Heinemann, H. S. Lenihan, E. M. P. Madin, M. T. Perry, E. R. Selig, M. Spalding, R. Steneck, and R. Watson. 2008. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. Science 319:948-952. 2008 Global Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Henriques, S., M. P. Pais, M. J. Costa, and H. Cabral. 2008. Development of a fish-based multimetric index to assess the ecological quality of marine habitats: the Marine Fish Community Index. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1913-1934. 2008 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Holmberg, J., B. Norman, and Z. Arzoumanian. 2008. Robust, comparable population metrics through collaborative photo-monitoring of whale sharks Rhincodon typus. Ecological Applications 18:222-233. 2008 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Apex Fish Predators; Collaboration & Partnering; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Lloret, J. and V. Riera. 2008. Evolution of a mediterranean coastal zone: Human impacts on the marine environment of cape creus. Environmental Management 42:977-988. 2008 Cuba Boating Activities; Climate; Commercial Fisheries; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Lundquist, C. J. and M. H. Pinkerton. 2008. Collation of data for ecosystem modelling of Te Tapuwae o Rongokako Marine Reserve. Science for Conservation 1-103. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Maina, J., V. Venus, T. R. McClanahan, and M. Ateweberhan. 2008. Modelling susceptibility of coral reefs to environmental stress using remote sensing data and GIS models. Ecological Modelling 212:180-199. 2008 Indian Ocean; Madagascar; India Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Light; Marine Protected Areas
Metcalf, S. J., J. M. Dambacher, A. J. Hobday, and J. M. Lyle. 2008. Importance of trophic information, simplification and aggregation error in ecosystem models. Marine Ecology Progress Series 360:25-36. 2008 Model Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Planktivorous Fish
Moltu, U. E. and L. Pinturier. 2008. Zero harmful impact from drilling discharges: Where are the limits? Pages 988-1002 in Society of Petroleum Engineers - 9th International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 2008 - \In Search of Sustainable Excellence\"". 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Corporate Responses; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Sediment; Toxics
Montagna, P., S. Silenzi, S. Devoti, C. Mazzoli, M. McCulloch, G. Scicchitano, and M. Taviani. 2008. Climate reconstructions and monitoring in the Mediterranean Sea: A review on some recently discovered high-resolution marine archives. Rendiconti Lincei 19:121-140. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity
Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2008. Chapter 13, Part 650. Wetland Restoration, Enhancement or Creation. Engineering Field Handbook. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Military; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Pelletier, D., J. Claudet, J. Ferraris, L. Benedetti-Cecchi, and J. Antonio Garc�a-Charton. 2008. Models and indicators for assessing conservation and fisheries-related effects of marine protected areas. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65:765-779. 2008 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Prince, J. D., H. Peeters, H. Gorfine, and R. W. Day. 2008. The novel use of harvest policies and rapid visual assessment to manage spatially complex abalone resources (Genus Haliotis). Fisheries Research 94:330-338. 2008 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Corporate Responses; Fishing Sector
Ridgway, T., C. Riginos, J. Davis, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Genetic connectivity patterns of Pocillopora verrucosa in southern African Marine Protected Areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series 354:161-168. 2008 Mozambique; South Africa Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Shivlani, M., V. R. Leeworthy, T. J. Murray, D. O. Suman, and F. Tonioli. 2008. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of management strategies and regulations of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuaries by commercial fishers, dive operators, and environmental group members: a baseline characterization and 10-year comparison. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD. 2008 Florida Review; Field Study & Monitoring Commercial Fisheries; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Special Use Permitting
Spencer, M. and J. E. Tanner. 2008. Lotka-Volterra competition models for sessile organisms. Ecology 89:1134-1143. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Stelzenmuller, V., F. Maynou, G. Bernard, G. Cadiou, M. Camilleri, R. Crec�hriou, G. Criquet, M. Dimech, O. Esparza, R. Higgins, P. Lenfant, and A. P�rez-Ruzafa. 2008. Spatial assessment of fishing effort around European marine reserves: Implications for successful fisheries management. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:2018-2026. 2008 Europe; Spain; France Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Water Depth & Sea Level
Thangaradjou, T., R. Sridhar, S. Senthilkumar, and S. Kannan. 2008. Seagrass resource assessment in the Mandapam coast of the Gulf of Mannar biosphere reserve, India. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 6:139-146. 2008 India Remote Sensing Seagrasses
Torrents, O., E. Tambutte, N. Caminiti, and J. Garrabou. 2008. Upper thermal thresholds of shallow vs. deep populations of the precious Mediterranean red coral Corallium rubrum (L.): Assessing the potential effects of warming in the NW Mediterranean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 357:19-Jul. 2008 Global; France Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate
US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423. 2008 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Transportation Policies
Valassi, A., R. Basset, M. Clemencic, G. Pucciani, S. A. Schmidt, and M. Wache. 2008. Cool, LCG conditions database for the IHC experiments: Development and deployment status. Pages 3021-3028 in IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 2008 Europe Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering
Venkatachalam, L. 2008. Behavioral economics for environmental policy. Ecological Economics 67:640-645. 2008 Global Model
Vicente, M., M. Falcao, M. N. Santos, M. Caetano, D. Serpa, C. Vale, and C. Monteiro. 2008. Environmental assessment of two artificial reef systems off southern Portugal (Faro and Olhão): A question of location. Continental Shelf Research 28:839-847. 2008 Artificial Habitat; Nutrients; Sediment
White, I., T. Falkland, T. Metutera, M. Katatia, T. Abete-Reema, M. Overmars, P. Perez, and A. Dray. 2008. Safe water for people in low, small Island Pacific Nations: The rural-urban dilemma. Development 51:282-287. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Water
Whiteley, R. J. and S. B. Stewart. 2008. Case studies of shallow marine investigations in Australia with advanced underwater seismic refraction (USR). Exploration Geophysics 39:34-40. 2008 Australia Model Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Pipelines; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Work, T. M., L. L. Richardson, T. L. Reynolds, and B. L. Willis. 2008. Biomedical and veterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 362:63-70. 2008 Global Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Yee, S. H., D. L. Santavy, and M. G. Barron. 2008. Comparing environmental influences on coral bleaching across and within species using clustered binomial regression. Ecological Modelling 218:162-174. 2008 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Light; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Zoraja, I., I. Zulim, and M. Stula. 2008. CORAL - Online monitoring in distributed applications: Issues and solutions. WSEAS Transactions on Computers 7:113-118. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Aswani, S., S. Albert, A. Sabetian, and T. Furusawa. 2007. Customary management as precautionary and adaptive principles for protecting coral reefs in Oceania. Coral Reefs 26:1009-1021. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Bannister, R. J., R. Brinkman, C. Wolff, C. Battershill, and R. De Nys. 2007. The distribution and abundance of dictyoceratid sponges in relation to hydrodynamic features: Identifying candidates and environmental conditions for sponge aquaculture. Marine and Freshwater Research 58:624-633. 2007 Australia Model Aquaculture; Sponges
Beaman, R. J. and P. T. Harris. 2007. Geophysical variables as predictors of megabenthos assemblages from the Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Special Paper - Geological Association of Canada 247-263. 2007 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables; Sediment; Substrate
Brander L.M., Van Beukering P., Cesar H.S.J. 2007. The recreational value of coral reefs: a meta-analysis. Ecological Economics 63:209-218. 2007 Model Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Busing, R. T. 2007. A spatial landscape model of forest patch dynamics and climate change. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate
Chakalall, B., R. Mahon, P. McConney, L. Nurse, and D. Oderson. 2007. Governance of fisheries and other living marine resources in the Wider Caribbean. Fisheries Research 87:92-99. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Tourism & Recreation
Ding, H., A. Ruijs, and E. C. van Ierland. 2007. Designing a Decision Support System for Marine Reserves Management: An Economic Analysis for the Dutch North Sea. FEEM Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei Research Paper Series 23, Italy. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Fish; Fishing Sector
Dytham, C. and S. D. Simpson. 2007. Elevated mortality of fish larvae on coral reefs drives the evolution of larval movement patterns. Marine Ecology Progress Series 346:255-264. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Fenton, N., m. Neil, W. Marsh, P. Hearty, D. Marquez, P. Krause, and R. Mishra. 2007. Predicting software defects in varying development lifecycles using Bayesian nets. Information and Software Technology 49:32-43. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support
Goodman, J. A. and S. L. Ustin. 2007. Classification of benthic composition in a coral reef environment using spectral unmixing. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 1. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing Algae; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Substrate
Henriksen, H. J., P. Rasmussen, G. Brandt, D. von Bulow, and F. V. Jensen. 2007. Public participation modelling using Bayesian Networks in management of groundwater contamination. Environmental Modelling & Software 22:1101-1113. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Chemical Use Regulations; Decision Support; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Herr, A. and P. M. Kuhnert. 2007. Assesment of uncertainty in Great Barrier Reef catchment models. Water Science and Technology 56:181-188. 2007 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Resource Use Management; Sediment
Jenkin, M., A. Hogue, A. Germam, S. Gill, A. Topol, and S. Wilson. 2007. Underwater surface recovery and segmentation. Pages 373-380 in Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics, ICCI 2007. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Kuffner, I. B., J. C. Brock, R. Grober-Dunsmore, V. E. Bonito, T. D. Hickey, and C. W. Wright. 2007. Relationships between reef fish communities and remotely sensed rugosity measurements in Biscayne National Park, Florida, USA. 78:71-82. 2007 Florida Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Physical Variables
Little, L. R., A. E. Punt, B. D. Mapstone, F. Pantus, A. D. M. Smith, C. R. Davies, and A. D. McDonald. 2007. ELFSim-A model for evaluating management options for spatially structured reef fish populations: An illustration of the \larval subsidy\" effect". Ecological Modelling 205:381-396. 2007 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation
Mangi, S. C., C. M. Roberts, and L. D. Rodwell. 2007. Reef fisheries management in Kenya: Preliminary approach using the driver-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) scheme of indicators. Ocean and Coastal Management 50:463-480. 2007 Kenya Review; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Mellin, C., S. Andrefouet, and D. Ponton. 2007. Spatial predictability of juvenile fish species richness and abundance in a coral reef environment. Coral Reefs 26:895-907. 2007 New Caledonia Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Seagrasses
Neigel, J., A. Domingo, and J. Stake. 2007. DNA barcoding as a tool for coral reef conservation. Coral Reefs 26:487-499. 2007 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL. 2007 Florida Field Study & Monitoring
Pimentel, J. C. L., R. Monroy, and D. Hutter. 2007. A Method for Patching Interleaving-Replay Attacks in Faulty Security Protocols. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 174:117-130. 2007 Europe; Germany; Norway Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Pittman, S. J., J. D. Christensen, C. Caldow, C. Menza, and M. E. Monaco. 2007. Predictive mapping of fish species richness across shallow-water seascapes in the Caribbean. Ecological Modelling 204:9-21. 2007 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. 2007. Sediment Production From Natural And Disturbed Surfaces In Dry Tropical Areas Of La Parguera-Pr, 2003-2005. Pages 1-5 in SEVENTH CARIBBEAN ISLANDS WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps Non-point Source Runoff; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Transportation Policies
Ramos-Scharron, C. E. and L. H. MacDonald. 2007. Development and application of a GIS-based sediment budget model. Journal of Environmental Management 84:157-172. 2007 South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Fish; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Transportation Policies
Reichert, P., M. Borsuk, M. Hostmann, S. Schweizer, C. Sporri, K. Tockner, and B. Truffer. 2007. Concepts of decision support for river rehabilitation. Environmental Modelling & Software 22:188-201. 2007 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rhodes, K. L. and M. H. Tupper. 2007. A preliminary market-based analysis of the Pohnpei, Micronesia, grouper (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) fishery reveals unsustainable fishing practices. Coral Reefs 26:335-344. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Roiser, S. and A. Pfeiffer. 2007. Configuration, build and distribution of LCG applications area software for the LHC experiments. Pages 1918-1922 in IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure
Santangelo, G., L. Bramanti, and M. Iannelli. 2007. Population dynamics and conservation biology of the over-exploited Mediterranean red coral. Journal of Theoretical Biology 244:416-423. 2007 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Octocoral
Santos, M. N. and C. C. Monteiro. 2007. A fourteen-year overview of the fish assemblages and yield of the two oldest Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal). Hydrobiologia 580:225-231. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Scopelitis, J., S. Andrefouet, and C. Largouet. 2007. Modelling coral reef habitat trajectories: evaluation of an integrated timed automata and remote sensing approach. Ecological Modelling 205:59-80. 2007 New Caledonia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources; Seastars; Storms & Hurricanes
Seijo, J. C. 2007. Considerations for management of metapopulations in small-scale fisheries of the Mesoamerican barrier reef ecosystem. Fisheries Research 87:86-91. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Monetary Valuation
Shephard, S., P. Connolly, N.-R. Hareide, and E. Rogan. 2007. Establishing stakeholder connections for management of the Irish orange roughy fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64:841-845. 2007 Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Sherman, B. S., J. Brodie, L. Cogle, and C. Carroll. 2007. Appropriate use of catchment models for water-quality target setting and land-use management. IAHS-AISH Publication 239-250. 2007 Australia Model; GIS & Maps Landuse Management; Nutrients; Sediment
Smajgl, A. and P. C. Gehrke. 2007. Integrating economic and ecological modelling in the great barrier reef catchments. IAHS-AISH Publication 107-115. 2007 Australia Model Agriculture; Climate; Funding & Incentives; Non-point Source Runoff
Starr, R. M., E. Sala, E. Ballesteros, and M. Zabala. 2007. Spatial dynamics of the Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus in a Caribbean atoll. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:239-249. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Stolk, P., K. Markwell, and J. M. Jenkins. 2007. Artificial reefs as recreational scuba diving resources: A critical review of research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 15:331-350. 2007 Cuba Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
Svarstad, H., L. K. Petersen, D. Rothman, H. Siepel, and F. Watzold. 2007. Discursive biases of the environmental research framework DPSIR. Land Use Policy [inpress]. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Taghavi, A. A., A. Mork, and E. Kazemzadeh. 2007. Flow unit classification for geological modelling of a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir: Cretaceous sarvak formation, Dehluran field, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30:129-146. 2007 Iran Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Toxics
Tarrant, A. M. 2007. Hormonal signaling in cnidarians: Do we understand the pathways well enough to know whether they are being disrupted? Ecotoxicology 16:13-May. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Special Use Permitting
Thiel, M., E. C. Macaya, E. Acuna, W. E. Arntz, H. Bastias, K. Brokordt, P. A. Camus, J. C. Castilla, L. R. Castro, M. Cortes, C. P. Dumont, R. Escribano, M. Fernandez, J. A. Gajardo, C. F. Gaymer, I. Gomez, A. E. Gonzalez, H. E. Gonzalez, P. A. Haye, and J.-E. Illanes. 2007. The Humboldt Current System of northern and central Chile - Oceanographic processes, ecological interactions and socioeconomic feedback. Oceanography and Marine Biology 45:195-344. 2007 South & Central America Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Whales & Dolphins
Thomas, F. R. 2007. The behavioral ecology of shellfish gathering in Western Kiribati, Micronesia 1: Prey choice. Human Ecology 35:179-194. 2007 Micronesia; Kiribati Model Invertebrates
Vega-Zepeda, A., H. Hernandez-Arana, and J. P. Carricart-Ganivet. 2007. Spatial and size-frequency distribution of Acropora (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) species in Chinchorro Bank, Mexican Caribbean: Implications for management. Coral Reefs 26:671-676. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
White, S. 2007. Utilization of LIDAR and NOAA's vertical datum transformation tool (VDatum) for shoreline delineation. in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Yang, S., L. Li, and C. Shi. 2007. Decision-making support system for vessel automatic anti-grounding and anti-reef. Pages 2356-2361 in International Conference on Transportation Engineering 2007, ICTE 2007. 2007 Model Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Water Depth & Sea Level
Yang, S., N. Li, Y. Suo, and G. Chen. 2007. Study on construction of simulation platform for vessel automatic anti-collision and its test method. Pages 2414-2419 in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, ICAL 2007. 2007 Model
Adams, A. J., C. P. Dahlgren, G. T. Kellison, M. S. Kendall, C. A. Layman, J. A. Ley, I. Nagelkerken, and J. E. Serafy. 2006. Nursery function of tropical back-reef systems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 318:287-301. 2006 Model Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Beaver, C. R., W. C. Jaap, M. K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Slade, S. Kupfner, S. Wade, J. W. Porter, K. Sutherland, C. Torres, C. Tsokos, and G. Yanev. 2006. U.S. EPA / FKNMS coral reef evaluation and monitoring project. 2006 Florida Field Study & Monitoring Pathogens; Seagrasses; Storms & Hurricanes
Bello-Pineda, J., R. Ponce-Hernandez, and M. A. Liceaga-Correa. 2006. Incorporating GIS and MCE for suitability assessment modelling of coral reef resources. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 114:225-256. 2006 Model; GIS & Maps
Berman, D. J. 2006. Recycling from rhodes to reefs. Public Roads 70. 2006 Artificial Habitat; Solid Waste Disposal
Burke, L. and Z. Sugg. 2006. Hydrologic Modeling of Watersheds Discharging Adjacent to the Mesoamerican Reef. World Resource Institute. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Campbell, G. 2006. High resolution aeromagnetic mapping of \loss-of-ground\" features at platinum and coal mines in South Africa". South African Journal of Geology 109:439-458. 2006 South Africa Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coal Mining; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Collaboration & Partnering; Military
Claudet, J., D. Pelletier, J.-Y. Jouvenel, F. Bachet, and R. Galzin. 2006. Assessing the effects of marine protected area (MPA) on a reef fish assemblage in a northwestern Mediterranean marine reserve: Identifying community-based indicators. Biological Conservation 130:349-369. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Coppe, A., G. A. Danieli, and S. Bortoluzzi. 2006. REEF: Searching regionally enriched features in genomes. BMC Bioinformatics 7. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Special Use Permitting
Cowell, P. J., B. G. Thom, R. A. Jones, C. H. Everts, and D. Simanovic. 2006. Management of uncertainty in predicting climate-change impacts on beaches. Journal of Coastal Research 22:232-245. 2006 Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Sediment; Substrate
Crueger, T., H. Kuhnert, J. Patzold, and E. Zorita. 2006. Calibrations of Bermuda corals against large-scale sea surface temperature and sea level pressure pattern time series and implications for climate reconstructions. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 111. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Galindo, H. M., D. B. Olson, and S. R. Palumbi. 2006. Seascape Genetics: A Coupled Oceanographic-Genetic Model Predicts Population Structure of Caribbean Corals. Current Biology 16:1622-1626. 2006 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Bahamas; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Goffredo, S. and H. R. Lasker. 2006. Modular growth of a gorgonian coral can generate predictable patterns of colony growth. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 336:221-229. 2006 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Octocoral; Storms & Hurricanes
Goodman, J. A., M. Velez-Reyes, S. Hunt, and R. Armstrong. 2006. Development of a field test environment for the validation of coastal remote sensing algorithms: Enrique Reef, Puerto Rico. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6360. 2006 Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Seagrasses; Water Depth & Sea Level
Grimaccia, F., A. Gandelli, R. W. Johnstone, T. Chiffings, and R. E. Zich. 2006. Smart integrated sensor networks for the marine environment. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 6035. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Salinity; Substrate
Halls, A. S., R. L. Welcomme, and R. W. Burn. 2006. The relationship between multi-species catch and effort: Among fishery comparisons. Fisheries Research 77:78-83. 2006 South & Central America Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Huang, H., J. Lian, X. Huang, L. Huang, R. Zou, and D. Wang. 2006. Coral cover as a proxy of disturbance: A case study of the biodiversity of the hermatypic corals in Yongxing Island, Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin 51:129-135. 2006 China Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Jones, A. T., M. Thankappan, G. A. Logan, J. M. Kennard, C. J. Smith, A. K. Williams, and G. M. Lawrence. 2006. Coral spawn and bathymetric slicks in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the Timor Sea, north-west Australia. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27:2063-2069. 2006 Australia Remote Sensing
Kaiser, M. J. 2006. The Louisiana artificial reef program. Marine Policy 30:605-623. 2006 Model Artificial Habitat; Construction Codes & Projects; Finfish Harvest; Funding & Donations; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kodati, P. and X. Deng. 2006. Towards the body shape design of a hydrodynamically stable robotic boxfish. Pages 5412-5417 in IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Kutser, T., I. Miller, and D. L. B. Jupp. 2006. Mapping coral reef benthic substrates using hyperspectral space-borne images and spectral libraries. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 70:449-460. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lan, C.-H. and C.-Y. Hsui. 2006. The deployment of artificial reef ecosystem: Modelling, simulation and application. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 14:663-675. 2006 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Waste Management Policies
Liu, T.-L., S.-Y. Liou, D.-T. Su, and D.-W. Chen. 2006. Numerical flow simulation for the deployment analysis of artificial reefs. Pages 533-537 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat
Mellin, C., J. Ferraris, R. Galzin, M. Kulbicki, D. Ponton. 2006. Diversity of coral reef fish assemblages: Modelling of the species richness spectra from multi-scale environmental variables in the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia). Ecological Modelling 198:409-425. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Menza, C., J. Ault, J. Beets, J. Bohnsack, C. Caldow, J. Christensen, A. Friedlander, C. Jeffrey, M. Kendall, J. Luo, M. Monaco, S. Smith, and K. Woody. 2006. A guide to monitoring reef fish in the National Park Service�s South Florida/Caribbean Network. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 39. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2006 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mumby, P. J. 2006. Connectivity of reef fish between mangroves and coral reefs: algorithms for the design of marine reserves at seascape scales. Biological Conservation 128:215-222. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Poulsen, A., K. Burns, J. Lough, D. Brinkman, and S. Delean. 2006. Trace analysis of hydrocarbons in coral cores from Saudi Arabia. Organic Geochemistry 37:1913-1930. 2006 Australia; Saudi Arabia; Iran Petroleum Spills; Stony Coral
Ranasinghe, R., I. L. Turner, and G. Symonds. 2006. Shoreline response to multi-functional artificial surfing reefs: A numerical and physical modelling study. Coastal Engineering 53:589-611. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Shoreline Protection
Saez, J. M., A. Hogue, F. Escolano, and M. Jenkin. 2006. Underwater 3D SLAM through entropy minimization. Pages 3562-3567 in Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 2006 Global GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pipelines
Santos, M. N., P. G. Lino, P. Pousao-Ferreira, and C. C. Monteiro. 2006. Preliminary results of hatchery-reared seabreams released at artificial reefs off the algarve coast (Southern Portugal): A pilot study. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:177-184. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector
Sinclair, D. J. and M. J. Risk. 2006. A numerical model of trace-element coprecipitation in a physicochemical calcification system: Application to coral biomineralization and trace-element 'vital effects'. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70:3855-3868. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production
Steel, G. and A. Bundy. 2006. Attacking group protocols by refuting incorrect inductive conjectures. Pages 149-176 in Journal of Automated Reasoning. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Stewart, L. K., P. B. Charlesworth, K. L. Bristow, and P. J. Thorburn. 2006. Estimating deep drainage and nitrate leaching from the root zone under sugarcane using APSIM-SWIM. Agricultural Water Management 81:315-334. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Irrigation; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
van Dongen-Vogels, V. and J. Mallefet. 2006. Fragment growth-rates of six cultivated coral species: A reference framework for coral transplantation. Mer 44:99-107. 2006 Stony Coral
Watanuki, N. and B. J. Gonzales. 2006. The potential of artificial reefs as fisheries management tools in developing countries. Bulletin of Marine Science 78:19-Sep. 2006 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish
Welpa, M., A. de la Vega-Leinerta, S. Stoll-Kleemannb, and C. C. Jaegera. 2006. Science-based stakeholder dialogues: Theories and tools. Global Environmental Change 16:170-181. 2006 Global; Europe Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate
Yu, Y., M. Breitbart, P. McNairnie, and F. Rohwer. 2006. FastGroupII: A web-based bioinformatics platform for analyses of large 16S rDNA libraries. BMC Bioinformatics 7. 2006 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Microorganisms; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ahlen, J., D. Sundgren, and E. Bengtsson. 2005. Pre-processing of underwater images taken in shallow water for color reconstruction purposes. Pages 560-564 in Proceedings of the Seventh IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, SIP 2005. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Amaral, A. C. Z. and S. Jablonski. 2005. Conservation of marine and coastal biodiversity in Brazil. Conservation Biology 19:625-631. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Apex Fish Predators; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Auble, G. T., M. L. Scott, and J. M. Friedman. 2005. Use of individualistic streamflow-vegetation relations along the Fremont River, Utah, USA to assess impacts of flow alteration on Wetland and riparian areas. Wetlands 25:143-154. 2005 Model; Index or Indicator Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Beegle-Krause, C. J., M. Fonseca, and G. Shigenaka. 2005. Noaa habitat recovery models using cellular automata techniques. Pages 10645-10651 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Coralline Algae; Monetary Valuation; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses
Bell, R., R. Buchsbaum, C. Roman, and M. Chandler. 2005. Inventory of intertidal marine habitats, Boston Harbor Islands national park area. Northeastern Naturalist 12:169-200. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Invertebrates; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Substrate
Bello, P. J., L. V. Rios, C. M. A. Liceaga, M. C. Zetina, C. K. Cervera, B. P. Arceo, and N. H. Hernandez. 2005. Incorporating spatial analysis of habitat into spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) stock assessment at Alacranes reef, Yucatan, Mexico. Fisheries Research 73:37-47. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Bello-Pineda, J., M. A. Liceaga-Correa, H. Hernandez-Nunez, and R. Ponce-Hernandez. 2005. Using aerial video to train the supervised classification of Landsat TM imagery for coral reef habitats mapping. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 105:145-164. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources
Bodnar, J. L. 2005. The information technology of SHIELDS - NOAA'S Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Emergency Logistics Database System. Pages 11312-11316 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications; Petroleum Spills
Boling, E. A. 2005. Environmental Management Systems and NEPA: A Framework for Productive Harmony. Environmental Law Reporter 35:10022-10031. 2005 Review
Bosman, C., R. Uken, and A. M. Smith. 2005. The bathymetry of the Aliwal Shoal, Scottburgh, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 101:255-257. 2005 South Africa Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Construction Codes & Projects; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas
Bruckner, A. W. 2005. The importance of the marine ornamental reef fish trade in the wider Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:127-137. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Maldives; Sri Lanka; India; Japan; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Caribbean; Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Campos-Davila, L., V. H. Cruz-Escalona, F. Galvan-Magana, A. Abitia-Cardenas, F. J. Gutierrez-Sanchez, and E. F. Balart. 2005. Fish assemblages in a Gulf of California Marine Reserve. Bulletin of Marine Science 77:347-362. 2005 Fish
Chapman, D. D., E. K. Pikitch, E. Babcock, and M. S. Shiyji. 2005. Marine reserve design and evaluation using automated acoustic telemetry: A case-study involving coral reef-associated sharks in the mesoamerican Caribbean. Marine Technology Society Journal 39:42-55. 2005 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Apex Fish Predators; Finfish Harvest
Chateau-Degat, M.-L., M. Chinain, N. Cerf, S. Gingras, B. Hubert, and E. Dewailly. 2005. Seawater temperature, Gambierdiscus spp. variability and incidence of ciguatera poisoning in French Polynesia. Harmful Algae 4:1053-1062. 2005 Global Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Climate; Pathogens
Fernandes, L., J. Day, A. Lewis, S. Slegers, B. Kerrigan, D. Breen, D. Cameron, B. Jago, J. Hall, D. Lowe, J. Innes, J. Tanzer, V. Chadwick, L. Thompson, K. Gorman, M. Simmons, B. Barnett, K. Sampson, G. De�Ath, B. Mapstone, H. Marsh, H. Possingham, I. Ball, T. Ward, K. Dobbs, J. Aumend, D. Slater, and K. Stapleton. 2005. Establishing representative no-take areas in the great barrier reef: Large-scale implementation of theory on marine protected areas. Conservation Biology 19:1733-1744. 2005 Global; Australia; Japan Cultural Protections; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Finkl, C. W., L. Benedet, and J. L. Andrews. 2005. Interpretation of seabed geomorphology based on spatial analysis of high-density airborne laser bathymetry. Journal of Coastal Research 21:501-514. 2005 Florida Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gribble, N. A. 2005. MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand. 2005 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Tourism & Recreation
Heal, G. M., E. B. Barbier, K. J. Boyle, A. P. Covich, S. P. Gloss, C. H. Hershner, J. P. Hoehn, C. M. Pringle, S. Polasky, K. Segerson, and K. Shrader-Frechette. 2005. Valuing ecosystem services: toward better environmental decision making. The National Academies Press, Washington DC. 2005 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review; Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Military; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Valuation; Wetlands
Hewitt, J. E., M. J. Anderson, and S. F. Thrush. 2005. Assessing and monitoring ecological community health in marine systems. Ecological Applications 15:942-953. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges
Jimenez-Rodriguez, L. O., A. Umana-Diaz, J. Diaz-Santos, G. Neira-Carolina, J. Morales-Morales, and E. Rodriguez. 2005. Subsurface object recognition by means of regularization techniques for mappimg coastal waters floor. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5977. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kim, J.-K. and J.-H. Kim. 2005. Optimal mapping for artificial reef facility using remote sensing and GIS. Pages 314-319 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives
Madden, C. J., D. H. Grossman, and K. L. Goodin. 2005. Coastal and marine systems of North America: framework for an ecological classification standard: version II. Coastal and marine systems of North America: framework for an ecological classification standard: version II, Arlington, Virginia. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Salinity; Substrate
Matsuda, F., M. Saito, R. Iwahashi, H. Oda, and Y. Tsuji. 2005. Computer simulation of carbonate sedimentary and shallow diagenetic processes. AAPG Memoir 365-382. 2005 Japan; Indonesia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Mel'nikov, N. V., V. S. Sitnikov, V. I. Vasil'ev, S. I. Doronina, and L. V. Kolotova. 2005. Bioherms of the Lower Cambrian Osa Horizon in the Talakan-Upper Chona zone of petroleum accumulation. Geologiya i Geofizika 46:856-864. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Water Depth & Sea Level
Merrick, J. R. W., G. S. Parnell, J. Barnett, M. Garcia. 2005. A Multiple-objective decision analysis of stakeholder values to identify watershed improvement needs. Decision Analysis 2:44-57. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Mills, D. J., C. Gardner, and M. Oliver. 2005. Survival and movement of naïve juvenile spiny lobsters returned to the wild. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 324:20-30. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Nash, S. M. B., K. McMahon, G. Eaglesham, and J. F. Muller. 2005. Application of a novel phytotoxicity assay for the detection of herbicides in Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Straits. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51:351-360. 2005 Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Neitsch, S. L., J. G. Arnold, J. R. Kiniry, and J. R. Williams. 2005. Soli and water assessment tool theoretical documentation. Agricultural Research Service, Temple, Texas. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Surface & Groundwater Flow
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency. 2005 India Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Remediation; Security Policies; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Overfield, M. L. 2005. Corrosion on Deep Gulf Shipwrecks of World War II. Pages 11242-11248 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Petroleum Spills
Pelletier, D. and S. Mahevas. 2005. Spatially explicit fisheries simulation models for policy evaluation. Fish and Fisheries 6:307-349. 2005 Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Petit, C. C. and J. J. Vandenabeele. 2005. Supporting coastal and lake applications with the help of remote sensing. Pages 2771-2774 in International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). 2005 Indonesia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Coastal Development; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Sediment
Pons-Branchu, E., C. Hillaire-Marcel, P. Deschamps, B. Ghaleb, and D. J. Sinclair. 2005. Early diagenesis impact on precise U-series dating of deep-sea corals: Example of a 100-200-year old Lophelia pertusa sample from the northeast Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69:4865-4879. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Ralph, P. J. and R. Gademann. 2005. Rapid light curves: A powerful tool to assess photosynthetic activity. Aquatic Botany 82:222-237. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Primary Production; Seagrasses
Rosenberg, A. A., W. J. Bolster, K. E. Alexander, W. B. Leavenworth, A. B. Cooper, and M. G. McKenzie. 2005. The history of ocean resources: Modeling cod biomass using historical records. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:84-90. 2005 Global; England Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Funding & Incentives
Saunders, S. M., B. Radford, S. A. Bourke, Z. Thiele, T. Bech, and J. Mardon. 2005. A rapid method for determining lipid fraction ratios of hard corals under varying sediment and light regimes. Environmental Chemistry 2:331-336. 2005 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Sediment; Stony Coral
Sayer, M. D. J., S. H. Magill, T. J. Pitcher, L. Morissette, and C. Ainsworth. 2005. Simulation-based investigations of fishery changes as affected by the scale and design of artificial habitats. Journal of Fish Biology 67:218-243. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Artificial Habitat; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Schleyer, M. H. and L. Celliers. 2005. Modelling reef zonation in the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park, South Africa. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 63:373-384. 2005 Global; South Africa Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Decision Support; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Schroeder, C. A., D. E. Breen, C. D. Cera, and W. C. Regli. 2005. Stochastic microgeometry for displacement mapping. Pages 166-175 in Proceedings - International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications, SMI'05. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Shapiro, A. C. and S. O. Rohmann. 2005. Summit-to-Sea mapping and change detection using satellite imagery: Tools for conservation and management of coral reefs. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:185-193. 2005 US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Sharp, W. C., R. D. Bertelsen, and V. R. Leeworthy. 2005. Long-term trends in the recreational lobster fishery of Florida, United States: Landings, effort, and implications for management. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39:733-747. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Sinclair, D. J. 2005. Correlated trace element \vital effects\" in tropical corals: A new geochemical tool for probing biomineralization". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69:3265-3284. 2005 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Smith, A., D. Helton, and I. Zelo. 2005. Developing a database to support and prioritize the removal of abandoned vessels impacting coral resources. Pages 9582-9585 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Petroleum Spills
Sordelli, C. and N. Garcia. 2005. Venezuelan national oil spill training program. Page 8972 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Venezuela Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Mangroves; Military; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Steel, G. and A. Bundy. 2005. Attacking group multicast key management protocols using coral. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 125:125-144. 2005 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Symons, L. C. and J. Morris. 2005. Development of multi-hazard contingency plans and tools for the National Marine Sanctuary System. Pages 9628-9631 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Samoa; American Samoa Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Cultural Protections; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes; Whales & Dolphins
Symons, L. C., M. Hodges, and M. S. Devany. 2005. Flexibility for NOAA in development and application of multi-hazard contingency plans and response tools: The Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Logistics Database System (SHIELDS). Pages 11158-11160 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Petroleum Spills; Small Boats; Special Use Permitting; Storms & Hurricanes
Trudel, B. K., R. C. Belore, B. J. Jessiman, and S. L. Ross. 2005. A microcomputer-based spill impact assessment system for untreated and chemically dispersed oil spills in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Page 4770 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Mexico Model Coastal Defense; Petroleum Spills; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Reviewing environmental impact statements for fishery management plans. Office of Federal Activities, Washington DC. 2005 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fishing Sector; Internet & Telecommunications; Special Use Permitting
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Reviewing environmental impact statements for fishery management plans. Washington DC. 2005 Review Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Vidal, L. and D. Pauly. 2005. Integration of subsystems models as a tool toward describing feeding interactions and fisheries impacts in a large marine ecosystem, the Gulf of Mexico. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:709-725. 2005 South & Central America; Mexico Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
White, A. T., R.-L. Eisma-Osorio, and S. J. Green. 2005. Integrated coastal management and marine protected areas: Complementarity in the Philippines. Ocean and Coastal Management 48:948-971. 2005 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring; Model Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Wooldridge, S., T. Done, R. Berkelmans, R. Jones, and P. Marshall. 2005. Precursors for resilience in coral communities in a warming climate: A belief network approach. Marine Ecology Progress Series 295:157-169. 2005 Global; Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Decision Support; Stony Coral
Amand, M., D. Pelletier, J. Ferraris, and M. Kulbicki. 2004. A step toward the definition of ecological indicators of the impact of fishing on the fish assemblage of the Abore reef reserve (New Caledonia). Aquatic Living Resource 17:139-149. 2004 New Caledonia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Arias-Gonzalez, J.E., E. Nunez-Lara, C. Gonzalez-Salas, and R. Galzin. 2004. Trophic models for investigation of fishing effect on coral reef ecosystems. Ecological Modelling 172:197-212. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Primary Production
Beger, M., A. R. Harborne, T. P. Dacles, J.-L. Solandt, and G. L. Ledesma. 2004. A framework of lessons learned from community-based marine reserves and its effectiveness in guiding a new coastal management initiative in the Philippines. Environmental Management 34:786-801. 2004 Philippines Review Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Brock, R. J. and B. F. Culhane. 2004. The no-take research natural area of Dry Tortugas National Park (Florida): Wishful thinking or responsible planning? Pages 67-74 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beaches & Nature Parks; Boating Regulations; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Seagrasses
Bruggemann, J. H., R. T. Buffler, M. M. M. Guillaume, R. C. Walter, R. Von Cosel, B. N. Ghebretensae, and S. M. Berhe. 2004. Stratigraphy, palaeoenvironments and model for the deposition of the Abdur Reef Limestone: Context for an important archaeological site from the last interglacial on the Red Sea coast of Eritrea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 203:179-206. 2004 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Chapman, B. and J. R. Turner. 2004. Development of a geographical information system for the marine resources of Rodrigues. Journal of Natural History 38:2937-2957. 2004 Indian Ocean; India Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Octopus & Squid; Skeletal Coral
Claudet, J. and D. Pelletier. 2004. Marine protected areas and artificial reefs: A review of the interactions between management and scientific studies. Aquatic Living Resource 17:129-138. 2004 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Scientific Research
Elvidge, C. D., J. B. Dietz, R. Berkelmans, S. Andrefouet, W. Skirving, A. E. Strong, and B. T. Tuttle. 2004. Satellite observation of Keppel Islands (Great Barrier Reef) 2002 coral bleaching using IKONOS data. Coral Reefs 23:123-132. 2004 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Fabricius, K. E. and G. De'ath. 2004. Identifying ecological change and its causes: A case study on coral reefs. Ecological Applications 14:1448-1465. 2004 Australia Model Agriculture; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goodrich, M. S., J. Garrison, P. Tong, and A. Lunsford. 2004. Risk assessment model for evaluating ex-navy vessels as reef material. Pages 537-550 in Remediation of Contaminated Sediments - 2003: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. 2004 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Military; Remediation; Sediment
Gribble, N. A. 2004. A spatially explicit multi-competitor coexistence model of penaeid (shrimp) distribution on the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Modelling 177:61-74. 2004 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Storms & Hurricanes; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Gutierrez-Rodriguez, C. and H. R. Lasker. 2004. Microsatellite variation reveals high levels of genetic variability and population structure in the gorgonian coral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae across the Bahamas. Molecular Ecology 13:2211-2221. 2004 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Octocoral
Irisson, J.-O., A. LeVan, M. De Lara, and S. Planes. 2004. Strategies and trajectories of coral reef fish larvae optimizing self-recruitment. Journal of Theoretical Biology 227:205-218. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Karr, J. R. and C. O. Yoder. 2004. Biological assessment and criteria improve TMDL decision making. Journal of Environmental Engineering [inpress]. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Designated Uses; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kelty, R., K. Andrews, J. Wheaton, L. Nall, C. Beaver, W. Japp, B. Keller, V. R. Leeworthy, J. A. Bohnsack, T. Matthews, J. Ault, F. Ferro, G. Delgado, D. Harper, J. Hunt, B. Sharp, C. Pattengil-Semmens, S. Smith, R. Spieler, R.E. Dodge, D. Gilliam, B. Goodwin, G. Schmahl, E. Hickerson, J. R. Garcia, C. Lilyestrom, R. Appeldoorn, A. Bruckner, E. Williams, C. .F.G. Jeffrey, U. Alauf, A. Riedlander, C. Rogers, J. Miller, J. Beets, R. Nemeth, S. Herzlieb, V. Mayor, W. Toller, Z. Hillis-Starr, S. Caseau, and M. Miller. 2004. Status of coral reefs in the U.S. Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico: Florida, Flower Garden Banks, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Navassa. Pages 431-450 Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004. Volume 2. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 2004 South & Central America; Florida; US Virgin Islands; Puerto Rico; Caribbean; Mexico Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Climate; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Lan, C.-H., C.-C. Chen, and C.-Y. Hsui. 2004. An approach to design spatial configuration of artificial reef ecosystem. Ecological Engineering 22:217-226. 2004 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat
Little, L. R., S. Kuikka, A. E. Punt, F. Pantus, C. R. Davies, and B. D. Mapstone. 2004. Information flow among fishing vessels modelled using a Bayesian network. Environmental Modelling & Software 19:27-34. 2004 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
McConochie, J. D., T. A. Hardy, and L. B. Mason. 2004. Modelling tropical cyclone over-water wind and pressure fields. Ocean Engineering 31:1757-1782. 2004 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Storms & Hurricanes
McManus, J. W. and J. F. Polsenberg. 2004. Coral-algal phase shifts on coral reefs: Ecological and environmental aspects. Progress in Oceanography 60:263-279. 2004 Review; Model Algae; Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Musick, J. A. and J. K. Ellis. 2004. Constraints on sustainable marine fisheries in the United States: A look at the record. Pages 44-66 in American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); England Review; Model Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Fishing Sector
Pomeroy, R. S., J. E. Parks, and L. M. Watson. 2004. How is your MPA doing? a guidebook of natural and social indicators for evaluating marine protected area management effectiveness. he World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 2004 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Fishing Sector; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Schroeder, D. M. and M. S. Love. 2004. Ecological and political issues surrounding decommissioning of offshore oil facilities in the Southern California Bight. Ocean and Coastal Management 47:21-48. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Climate; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Rigs
Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2004. Managing the marine aquarium trade: Is eco-certification the answer? Environmental Conservation 31:339-348. 2004 Global; Indonesia; Philippines Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Steel, G., A. Bundy, and M. Maidl. 2004. Attacking a protocol for group key agreement by refuting incorrect inductive conjectures. Pages 137-151 in Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science). 2004 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Toscas, P. J., M. J. Faddy, and C. Y. Burridge. 2004. Analysis of the impact of prawn trawling on benthic species in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Environmetrics 15:279-289. 2004 Australia Model Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Uthicke, S., D. Welch, and J. A. H. Benzie. 2004. Slow growth and lack of recovery in overfished holothurians on the Great Barrier Reef: Evidence from DNA fingerprints and repeated large-scale surveys. Conservation Biology 18:1395-1404. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Nutrients
Wooldridge, S. and T. Done. 2004. Learning to predict large-scale coral bleaching from past events: A Bayesian approach using remotely sensed data, in-situ data, and environmental proxies. Coral Reefs 23:96-108. 2004 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow
[No author name available]. 2003. Projects: Broward-Bahamas pipeline gets preliminary FERC nod. Pipeline and Gas Journal 230. 2003 Florida; Bahamas Fish; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines
Aubanel, A., C. Monier, A. Benet, J.-A. Di Jorio, and B. Salvat. 2003. Management plan for marine environment in French Polynesia [Les plans de gestion de l'espace maritime en Polynesie Francaise]. Oceanis 29:375-395. 2003 Special Use Permitting
Bouvet, G., J. Ferraris, and S. Andrefouet. 2003. Evaluation of large-scale unsupervised classification of New Caledonia reef ecosystems using Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery. Oceanologica Acta 26:281-290. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Seagrasses
Cerepi, A., J.-P. Barde, and N. Labat. 2003. High-resolution characterization and integrated study of a reservoir formation: The danian carbonate platform in the Aquitaine Basin (France). Marine and Petroleum Geology 20:1161-1183. 2003 France Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Conruyt, N. and D. Grosser. 2003. Knowledge engineering in environmental sciences with IKBS. Pages 267-278 in AI Communications. 2003 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Internet & Telecommunications
Ferguson, N. M., M. J. Keeling, W. J. Edmunds, R. Gani, B. T. Grenfell, R. M. Anderson, and S. Leach. 2003. Planning for smallpox outbreaks. Nature 425:681-685. 2003 Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Pathogens
Gabrie, C., M. Oberlinkens, M. Porcher, and J.-P. Quod. 2003. A management plan for the lagoon of Mayotte [Plan de gestion du lagon de Mayotte]. Oceanis 29:355-373. 2003 Mayotte Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas
Jimenez-Rodriguez, L. O., E. Rodriguez-Diaz, M. Velez-Reyes, and C. A. DiMarzio. 2003. Image reconstruction and subsurface detection by the application of Tikhonov regularization to inverse problems in hyperspectral images. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4892:398-407. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lemmens, S. 2003. Periphyton collectors as a tool to measure environmental performance of ocean outlets. Water Science and Technology 47:125-131. 2003 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Use Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Wastewater Discharge
Lirman, D. and M. W. Miller. 2003. Modeling and monitoring tools to assess recovery status and convergence rates between restored and undisturbed coral reef habitats. Restoration Ecology 11:448-456. 2003 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Complex Habitat & Resources; Physical Damage; Stony Coral; Substrate
Louchard, E. M., R. P. Reid, F. C. Stephens, C. O. Davis, R. A. Leathers, and T. V. Downes. 2003. Optical remote sensing of benthic habitats and bathymetry in coastal environments at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas: A comparative spectral classification approach. Limnology and Oceanography 48:511-521. 2003 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Light; Seagrasses; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Merks, R., A. Hoekstra, J. Kaandorp, and P. Sloot. 2003. A problem solving environment for modelling stony coral morphogenesis. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2657:639-648. 2003 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Monroy, J. and M. Sato. 2003. A VOF Numerical Model of Storm Waves on Coral Reefs. Pages 2066-2073 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2003 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes
Rodriguez-Diaz, E., L. O. Jimenez-Rodriguez, M. Velez-Reyes, F. Gilbes, and C. A. DiMarzio. 2003. Subsurface Detection of Coral Reefs in Shallow Waters using Hyperspectral Data. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5093:538-546. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Scheffers, S. R., J. De Goeij, F. C. Van Duyl, and R. P. M. Bak. 2003. The cave-profiler: a simple tool to describe the 3-D structure of inaccessible coral reef cavities. Coral Reefs 22:49-53. 2003 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Schroter, U. 2003. Modelling of magnetic effects in near-field optics. European Physical Journal B 33:297-310. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Tian, W.-M. 2003. Positioning of Artificial Benthic Habitats off Mito, Southwestern Coast of Taiwan. Pages 794-801 in Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2003 Taiwan Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Sediment
Van Buskirk, P., C. Ryffel, and D. Clare. 2003. Smart tool. Planning 69:32-36. 2003 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Willis, T. J., R. B. Millar, and R. C. Babcock. 2003. Protection of exploited fish in temperate regions: High density and biomass of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) in northern New Zealand marine reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology 40:214-227. 2003 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Beattie, A., U.R. Sumaila, V. Christensen, D. Pauly. 2002. A Model for the Bioeconomic Evaluation of Marine Protected Area Size and Placement in the North Sea. Natural Resource Modeling 15:413-437. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas; Whales & Dolphins
Bernabeu-Tello, A. M., J. J. Munoz-Perez, and R. Medina-Santamaria. 2002. Influence of a rocky platform in the profile morphology: Victoria Beach, Cadiz (Spain) [Influencia de un sustrato rocoso en la morfologia del perfil de playa: Playa Victoria, Cadiz]. Ciencias Marinas 28:181-192. 2002 Spain Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Beaches & Nature Parks
Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome. 2002 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Day, J. C. 2002. Zoning - Lessons from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Ocean and Coastal Management 45:139-156. 2002 Australia; United Kingdom Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas
Green, D. R. and S. T. Ray. 2002. Using GIS for siting artificial reefs - Data issues, problems and solutions: 'Real World' to 'Real World'. Journal of Coastal Conservation 8:16-Jul. 2002 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Decision Support; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Helvey, M. 2002. Are southern California oil and gas platforms essential fish habitat? ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Artificial Habitat; Fish; Fishing Sector; Oil & Gas Rigs
Hickey, T. E., M. M. J. Seymour, and S. D. Sayle. 2002. A management plan for the offshore disposal of drilling muds & cuttings in Brunei - A receiving environment based approach. Pages 459-466 in American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Division (Publication) PD. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Hooper, J. N. A., J. A. Kennedy, and R. J. Quinn. 2002. Biodiversity 'hotspots', patterns of richness and endemism, and taxonomic affinities of tropical Australian sponges (Porifera). Biodiversity and Conservation 11:851-885. 2002 Australia; Thailand; Palau; Vanuatu Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Resource Use Management; Sponges
Kvernevik, T.-I., M. Zambri Mohd Akhir, and J. Studholme. 2002. A low-cost procedure for automatic seafloor mapping, with particular reference to coral reef conservation in developing nations. Hydrobiologia 474:67-79. 2002 Malaysia GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications
Monaco, M. E. 2002. NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science-Biogeography Program: Integration of ecology and GIS to assess impacts of climate change on living marine resources. Pages 456-466 in Solutions to Coastal Disasters 2002. 2002 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Pathogens
NOAA Marine Sanctuaries Division. 2002. Environmental assessment: M/V Wellwood grounding site restoration. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Sanctuaries Division, Silver Spring, Maryland. 2002 Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Climate; Cultural Policies; Mitigation
Osenberg, C. W., C. M. St. Mary, J. A. Wilson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2002. A quantitative framework to evaluate the attraction-production controversy. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat
Park T., J. M. Bowker, and V. R. Leeworthy. 2002. Valuing snorkeling visits to the Florida Keys with stated and revealed preference models. Journal of Environmental Management 64:301-312. 2002 Florida Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Remediation; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation
Pitcher, T. J., E. A. Buchary, and T. Hutton. 2002. Forecasting the benefits of no-take human-made reefs using spatial ecosystem simulation. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 China Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Sala, E., O. Aburto-Oropeza, G. Paredes, I. Parra, J. C. Barrera, and P. K. Dayton. 2002. A general model for designing networks of marine reserves. Science 298:1991-1993. 2002 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Complex Habitat & Resources
Salvat, B. and A. Aubanel. 2002. The management of coral reefs of French Polynesia [La gestion des recifs coralliens de Polynesie francaise]. Revue d'Ecologie (La Terre et la Vie) 57:193-251. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; France Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Aquaculture; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Echinoderms; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Molluscs; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Spash, C. L. 2002. Informing and forming preferences in environmental valuation: Coral reef biodiversity. Journal of Economic Psychology 23:665-687. 2002 Review; Model Valuation
Turpin, R. K. and S. A. Bortone. 2002. Pre- and post-hurricane assessment of artificial reefs: Evidence for potential use as refugia in a fishery management strategy. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 South & Central America; Florida; Mexico Artificial Habitat; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes
Voss, G. L. 2002. An environmental assessment of the John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park and the Key Largo Coral Reef Marine Sanctuary (Unpublished 1983 Report). Page 445pp. 2002
Yamano, H., M. Tamura, Y. Kunii, and M. Hidaka. 2002. Hyperspectral remote sensing and radiative transfer simulation as a tool for monitoring coral reef health. Marine Technology Society Journal 36:13-Apr. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Skeletal Coral
[No author name available]. 2001. News: Protection for sponge gardens. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:4. 2001 Australia Marine Birds; Sea Turtles; Sponges
Baine, M. 2001. Artificial reefs: A review of their design, application, management and performance. Ocean and Coastal Management 44:241-259. 2001 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing Sector; Special Use Permitting
Bruckner, A. W. 2001. Tracking the trade in ornamental coral reef organisms: The importance of CITES and its limitations. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:79-94. 2001 Fiji; Indonesia Octocoral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Budd, A. F., JR . Foster C.T., J. P. Dawson, and K. G. Johnson. 2001. The Neogene Marine Biota of Tropical America (\NMITA\") database: Accounting for biodiversity in paleontology". Journal of Paleontology 75:743-751. 2001 GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Cain, J. 2001. Planning improvements in natural resources management: Guidelines for using Bayesian networks to support the planning and management of development programmes in the water sector and beyond. Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford (Oxon, UK). 2001 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Resource Use Management
Campbell, D. E. 2001. Proposal for including what is valuable to ecosystems in environmental assessments. Environmental Science and Technology 35:2867-2873. 2001 Model Valuation
Demicco, R. V. and G. J. Klir. 2001. Stratigraphic simulations using fuzzy logic to model sediment dispersal. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 31:135-155. 2001 Model Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture, and Department of the Interior and Local Government. 2001. Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook No. 8 Coastal Law Enforcement. No.8 Coastal Law Enforcement, Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cebu City, Philippines. 2001 Philippines Military; Resource Use Management
Done, T. J. 2001. Useful science for coral reef management: The cooperative research centre model. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:309-315. 2001 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Ballast Discharge; Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Seastars; Special Use Permitting; Wastewater Discharge
Elliott, G., B. Mitchell, B. Wiltshire, I. A. Manan, and S. Wismer. 2001. Community participation in marine protected area management Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coastal Management 29:295-316. 2001 Indonesia Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation
Gorfine, H. K., B. L. Taylor, and T. I. Walker. 2001. Triggers and targets: What are we aiming for with abalone fisheries models in Australia? Journal of Shellfish Research 20:803-811. 2001 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
Iakovou, E. T. and J. E. Pachon. 2001. Optimization of the transportation system at a university campus: A continuous improvement quality management methodology. Quality Engineering 13:427-435. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Monetary Valuation
Losada-Tosteson, V., J. M. Posada, and F. Losada. 2001. Size and reproductive status of fished spotted spiny lobster, Panulirus guttatus, in Morrocoy National Park, Venezuela: A preliminary report. Marine and Freshwater Research 52:1599-1603. 2001 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Special Use Permitting
Naughton, J. and P. L. Jokiel. 2001. Coral reef mitigation and restoration techniques employed in the Pacific Islands: I. Overview. Pages 306-312 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Review Artificial Habitat; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Mitigation
Parras, D. A. 2001. Coastal resource management in the Philippines: A case study in the Central Visayas region. Journal of Environment and Development 10:80-103. 2001 Oman; Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Riegl, B., J. L. Korrubel, and C. Martin. 2001. Mapping and monitoring of coral communities and their spatial patterns using a surface-based video method from a vessel. Bulletin of Marine Science 69:869-880. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Stoll, H. M. and D. P. Schrag. 2001. Sr/Ca variations in Cretaceous carbonates: Relation to productivity and sea level changes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 168:311-336. 2001 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Plankton; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Talbot, F. and C. Wilkinson. 2001. Coral reefs, mangroves and seagrasses: a sourcebook for managers. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville (Australia). 2001 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Forestry; Invasive Species; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Better Assessment Science Integrating Point & Nonpoint Sources. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Non-point Source Runoff; Point Source Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Uthicke, S. and J. A. H. Benzie. 2001. Restricted gene flow between Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) populations along the north-east coast of Australia and the Solomon Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 216:109-117. 2001 Australia; Solomon Islands Echinoderms; Fishing Sector; Invertebrates
Verkhusha, V. V., H. Otsuna, T. Awasaki, H. Oda, S. Tsukita, and K. Ito. 2001. An Enhanced Mutant of Red Fluorescent Protein DsRed for Double Labeling and Developmental Timer of Neural Fiber Bundle Formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276:29621-29624. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
West, K. and R. Van Woesik. 2001. Spatial and temporal variance of river discharge on Okinawa (Japan): Inferring the temporal impact on adjacent coral reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:864-872. 2001 Global; Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Discharges; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Westmacott, S. 2001. Developing decision support systems for integrated coastal management in the tropics: Is the ICM decision-making environment too complex for the development of a useable and useful DSS? Journal of Environmental Management 62:55-74. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Mangroves
Wilson, J., C. W. Osenberg, C. M. St. Mary, C. A. Watson, and W. J. Lindberg. 2001. Artificial reefs, the attraction-production issue, and density dependence in marine ornamental fishes. Aquarium Sciences and Conservation 3:95-105. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artificial Habitat; Fish
Yang, W. A. N. 2001. Estimation of duration of subaerial exposure in shallow-marine limestones-an isotopic approach. Journal of Sedimentary Research 71:778-789. 2001 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Alder, J., R. Hilliard, and G. Pobar. 2000. Integrated marine planning for Cocos (Keeling), an isolated Australian Atoll (Indian Ocean). Coastal Management 28:109-117. 2000 Australia; Indian Ocean; India Cultural Policies
Australian Institute of Marine, SC IE NC E. 2000. Reef monitoring: interactive data summaries for the Great Barrier Reef. Reef monitoring: interactive data summaries for the Great Barrier Reef. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Seastars
Ball, I. and H. Possingham. 2000. Marxan (v1.8.2): Marine reserve design using spatially explicit annealing. University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. 2000 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Landuse Management; Resource Use Management
Boyer, J. N., P. Sterling, and R. D. Jones. 2000. Maximizing information from a water quality monitoring network through visualization techniques. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 50:39-48. 2000 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Nutrients; Salinity
Coleman, F. C., C. C. Koenig, G. R. Huntsman, J. A. Musick, A. M. Eklund, J. C. McGovern, R. W. Chapman, G. R. Sedberry, and C. B. Grimes. 2000. Long-lived reef fishes: The grouper-snapper complex. Fisheries 25:14-21. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Piscivorous Fish
Dahlgren, C. P. and D. B. Eggleston. 2000. Ecological processes underlying ontogenetic habitat shifts in a coral reef fish. Ecology 81:2227-2240. 2000 Bahamas Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Debrot, A. O. and J. Sybesma. 2000. The Dutch Antilles. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 1 595-614. 2000 South & Central America; Antilles; Caribbean GIS & Maps Coastal Development; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Health Policies; Infrastructural Policies; Littering; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Edinger, E. and D. R. Browne. 2000. Continental seas of western Indonesia. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 381-404. 2000 Southeast Asia; China; Java; Indonesia Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Climate; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Forestry; Housing; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Solid Waste Disposal; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goddard Space Flight, CE NT ER. 2000. Remote sensing of coral reefs. Remote sensing of coral reefs. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering
Gourbesville, PH . and B. A. Thomassin. 2000. Coastal environment assessment procedure for sustainable wastewater management in tropical islands: The Mayotte example. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:997-1014. 2000 Global; Indian Ocean; Comoros; Mayotte; India Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Wastewater Discharge
Haskell, B. D., V. R. Leeworthy, P. C. Wiley, T. M. Beuttler, M. R. Haflich, J. Delaney, B. L. Richards, and E. Franklin. 2000. Final supplemental environmental impact statement and final supplemental management plan for the Tortugas Ecological Reserve. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2000 Florida Algae; Fish; Marine Birds; Seagrasses; Sponges
Huber Richard, M. and KE NT Gustavson. 2000. Economic decision support models for ICZM of coral reefs. Sea Technology 41. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Jayaraman, B. and K. Moon. 2000. Subset-logic programs and their implementation. Journal of Logic Programming 42:71-110. 2000 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 2000. Proposed Tortugas 2000 ecological reserve: socioeconomic impact analysis of alternatives. 2000 Florida Review
Maloney, K. A., L. A. Maguire, and E. A. Lind. 2000. NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY MODELING AND MONITORING PROJECT STAGE 1: ASSESSMENT OF STAKEHOLDER INTEREST AND CONCERNS TO INFORM LONG-TERM MODELING. 50237, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, (NC, USA). 2000 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Nutrients; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation
Marshall, P. A. 2000. Skeletal damage in reef corals: Relating resistance to colony morphology. Marine Ecology Progress Series 200:177-189. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Neil, M., N. Fenton, and L. Nielsen. 2000. Building large-scale Bayesian networks. The Knowledge Engineering Review 15:1-33. 2000 Review; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Pauly, D., V. Christensen, and C. Walters. 2000. Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace as tools for evaluating ecosystem impact of fisheries. Journal of Marine Science 57:697-706. 2000 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector
Ramachandran, S. 2000. Southeast India. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 161-173. 2000 India Dam Construction & Maintenance; Fishing Sector; Irrigation; Mangroves; Seawater Flow; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rilov, G. and Y. Benayahu. 2000. Fish assemblage on natural versus vertical artificial reefs: The rehabilitation perspective. Marine Biology 136:931-942. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Shivlani, M. P. and D. O. Suman. 2000. Dive operator use patterns in the designated no-take zones of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Environmental Management 25:647-659. 2000 Florida GIS & Maps Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Landuse Management; Tourism & Recreation
Stejskal, I. V. 2000. Obtaining Approvals for Oil and Gas Projects in Shallow Water Marine Areas in Western Australia using an Environmental Risk Assessment Framework. Spill Science and Technology Bulletin 6:69-76. 2000 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Mangroves; Oil & Gas Industry; Petroleum Spills
Stewart, L. K., A. D. Heap, and K. J. Woolfe. 2000. Evaluating the influence of tidal currents on the distribution of silt in Nara Inlet, central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Sedimentary Geology 136:59-69. 2000 Australia Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sediment
Towler, P. H. and J. D. Smith. 2000. Studies of the influence of graded storm layers on 210Pb and heavy metals profiles in Great Barrier Reef sediments. Environmental Science and Technology 34:2947-2951. 2000 Australia Lab Study; Model Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Turner, J., C. Jago, D. Daby, and R. Klaus. 2000. The Mascarene Region. Seas at the millennium - an environmental evaluation - Volume 2 253-268. 2000 Indian Ocean; Mauritius; Reunion; India Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Turner, R.K., Brouwer R, Georgiou S and Bateman IJ. 2000. Ecosystem functions and services: an integrated framework and case study for environmental valuation. The Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment. 2000 England Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Wall, M. A., M. Socolich, and R. Ranganathan. 2000. The structural basis for red fluorescence in the tetrameric GFP homolog DsRed. Nature Structural Biology 7:1133-1138. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids
[No author name available]. 1999. Digging for oil: An economic petroleum source is being exploited on Queensland's coast. Chemical Engineer 686:22. 1999 Global; Australia Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mining Policies; Sediment
Al-Jufaili, S., M. Al-Jabri, A. Al-Baluchi, R. M. Baldwin, S. G. Wilson, F. West, and A. D. Matthews. 1999. Human impacts on coral reefs in the Sultanate of Oman. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49:65-74. 1999 Oman Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Pathogens; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Done T.J. 1999. Coral community adaptability to environmental change at the scales of regions, reefs and reef zones. American Zoologist 39:66-79. 1999 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Fish; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fenton, N. E. and M. Neil. 1999. Software metrics: successes, failures and new directions. Journal of Systems and Software 47:149-157. 1999 Europe Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Fernandes, L., M. A. Ridgley, and T. Van't Hof. 1999. Multiple criteria analysis integrates economic, ecological and social objectives for coral reef managers. Coral Reefs 18:393-402. 1999 Global Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Gladstone, W., N. Tawfiq, D. Nasr, I. Andersen, C. Cheung, H. Drammeh, F. Krupp, and S. Lintner. 1999. Sustainable use of renewable resources and conservation in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden: Issues, needs and strategic actions. Ocean and Coastal Management 42:671-697. 1999 Global Review Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Jesinghaus, J. and R. Montgomery. 1999. Towards environmental pressure indicators for the EU. 1999 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Nutrients
Kershaw, S. and F. R. Brunton. 1999. Palaeozoic stromatoporoid taphonomy: Ecologic and environmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 149:313-328. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Martinez, F. A. and E. A. Marschall. 1999. A dynamic model of group-size choice in the coral reef fish Dascyllus albisella. Behavioral Ecology 10:572-577. 1999 Model Fish
Russ, G. R. and A. C. Alcala. 1999. Management histories of Sumilon and Apo Marine Reserves, Philippines, and their influence on national marine resource policy. Coral Reefs 18:307-319. 1999 Philippines Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Smeets, E. and R. Weterings. 1999. Environmental indicators: typology and overview. Technical Report No 25, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. 1999 Europe Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Tom, M., J. Douek, I. Yankelevich, T. C. G. Bosch, and B. Rinkevich. 1999. Molecular characterization of the first heat shock protein 70 from a reef coral. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 262:103-108. 1999 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Stony Coral
Walters, C., D. Pauly, and V. Christensen. 1999. Ecospace: prediction of mesoscale spatial patterns in trophic relationships of exploited ecosystems, with emphasis on the impacts of marine protected areas. Ecosystems 2:539-554. 1999 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Marine Protected Areas
Wilson, M. E. J., J. L. C. Chambers, M. J. Evans, S. J. Moss, and D. S. Nas. 1999. Cenozoic carbonates in Borneo: Case studies from northeast Kalimantan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17:183-201. 1999 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Sediment
Bak, R.P.M. and E. H. Meesters. 1998. Coral population structure: the hidden information of colony size-frequency distributions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162:301-306. 1998 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Stony Coral
Brown, K., W. N. Adger, E. Tompkins, P. Bacon, D. Shim, and K. Young. 1998. A framework for incorporating stakeholder participation in marine resource management: A case study in Tobago. Working Paper - Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment. 1998 Global; Trinidad; Tobago Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Cansfield-Smith, T. 1998. The 25 Year Strategic Plan for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area: A model for strategic planning in the Wadden Sea Area? Senckenbergiana Maritima 29:165-171. 1998 Australia Model Marine Protected Areas
Cote, I. M., C. Arnal, and J. D. Reynolds. 1998. Variation in posing behaviour among fish species visiting cleaning stations. Journal of Fish Biology 53:256-266. 1998 Model Fish
Cuthill, M. 1998. Managing the Yongala Historic Shipwreck. Coastal Management 26:33-46. 1998 Australia; Cuba Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Tourism & Recreation
DeVantier, L. M., G. De'ath, T. J. Done, and E. Turak. 1998. Ecological assessment of a complex natural system: A case study from the Great Barrier Reef. Ecological Applications 8:480-496. 1998 Australia Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Skeletal Coral
Done, T. 1998. Science for management of the Great Barrier Reef. Nature and Resources 34:16-29. 1998 Australia Finfish Harvest; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Gibson, J., M. McField, and S. Wells. 1998. Coral reef management in Belize: An approach through integrated coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:229-244. 1998 South & Central America; Belize Field Study & Monitoring Banks, Credit, & Securities; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Permitting & Zoning; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Graham, T. and N. Idechong. 1998. Reconciling customary and constitutional law: Managing marine resources in Palau, Micronesia. Ocean and Coastal Management 40:143-164. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Micronesia; Europe Model Finfish Harvest; Fish; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation
McConney, P. and R. Mahon. 1998. Introducing fishery management planning to Barbados. Ocean and Coastal Management 39:189-195. 1998 Review Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Oliveira, P., A. Pascoal, V. Silva, and C. Silvestre. 1998. Mission control of the MARIUS autonomous underwater vehicle: System design, implementation and sea trials. International Journal of Systems Science 29:1065-1080. 1998 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Price, A. R. G., G. Jobbins, A. R. Dawson Shepherd, and R. F. G. Ormond. 1998. An integrated environmental assessment of the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Environmental Conservation 25:65-76. 1998 Saudi Arabia Mangroves; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Pugliese, R. 1998. Final habitat plan for the South Atlantic Region. South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, Charleston, SC. 1998 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Model Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Agriculture; Aquaculture; Commercial Fisheries; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invertebrate Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Piscivorous Fish; Recreational Fishing; Seagrasses; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Rilov, G. and Y. Benayahu. 1998. Vertical artificial structures as an alternative habitat for coral reef fishes in disturbed environments. Marine Environmental Research 45:431-451. 1998 Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Artificial Habitat; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
UMIAMI-RSMAS,. 1998. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. Ocean Status Information Management System (OSIMS) oil spill data and information. 1998 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean; Mexico Model Collaboration & Partnering; Fish; Marine Debris; Non-point Source Runoff; Petroleum Spills; Plankton; Point Source Discharges
Attwood, C. G., J. M. Harris, and A. J. Williams. 1997. International experience of marine protected areas and their relevance to South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 311-332. 1997 South Africa Field Study & Monitoring Corporate Responses; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Marine Protected Areas; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Pandey, J. S. and P. Khanna. 1997. Sensitivity analysis of a mangrove ecosystem model. Journal of Environmental Systems 26:57-72. 1997 Model Mangroves; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Phillips, J. C., G. A. Kendrick, and P. S. Lavery. 1997. A test of a functional group approach to detecting shifts in macroalgal communities along a disturbance gradient. Marine Ecology Progress Series 153:125-138. 1997 Australia Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae
Planes, S. and R. Galzin. 1997. New perspectives in biogeography of coral reef fish in the pacific using phylogeography and population genetics approaches. Vie et Milieu 47:375-380. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Philippines Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fish
Suman, D. O. 1997. The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: A case study of an innovative federal-state partnership in marine resource management. Coastal Management 25:293-324. 1997 Florida Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Resource Use Management
Walters, C., V. Christensen, and D. Pauly. 1997. Structuring dynamic models of exploited ecosystems from trophic mass-balance assessments. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7:139-172. 1997 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Zeller, D. C. 1997. Home range and activity patterns of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 154:65-77. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector
[No author name available]. 1996. Guidelines for integrated coastal zone management. Guidelines for integrated coastal zone management. 1996 Beaches & Nature Parks; Fishing Sector; Wetlands
Burrage, D. M., C. R. Steinberg, W. J. Skirving, and J. A. Kleypas. 1996. Mesoscale circulation features of the great barrier reef region inferred from NOAA satellite imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 56:21-41. 1996 Australia Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Recreational Fishing; Tourism & Recreation
Dumbleton, B. 1996. Shore thing. Surveyor 183:16-18. 1996 Collaboration & Partnering
Hinrichsen, DO N. 1996. Coasts in Crisis: The earth's most biologically productive habitats are being smothered by development. Only coordinated international action can save them. Issues in Science and Technology 12:39-47. 1996 Global Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Wetlands
Katz, M. 1996. The Florida Keys ecosystem monitoring integration project. Earth System Monitor 6:13-Dec. 1996 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Leeworthy, V. R. and P. C. Wiley. 1996. Linking the Economy and Environment of Florida Keys/Florida Bay. 1996 Florida Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Luckett, C., W.H. Adey, J. Morrissey and D.M. Spoon. 1996. Coral reef mesocosms and microcosms - successes, problems, and the future of laboratory models. Ecological Engineering 6:57-72. 1996 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Bahamas; Caribbean Lab Study; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Plankton
Nayak, S., P. Chauhan, H. B. Chauhan, A. Bahuguna, and A. Narendra Nath. 1996. IRS-1C applications for coastal zone management. Current Science 70:614-618. 1996 Remote Sensing Mangroves; Sediment
Strenge, U. 1995. The beginning of a beautiful friendship. Bekleidung/Wear 47:14-16. 1995 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Gabrie, C., S. Planes, J. Baldwin, J. Bonvallot, C. Chauvet, Y. Vernaudon, C. Payri, and R. Galzin. 1994. Study of the coral reefs of Bora-Bora (society archipelago, French Polynesia) for the development of a conservation and management plan. Ocean and Coastal Management 25:189-216. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Hinrichsen, D. 1994. Coasts under pressure. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:9-Jun. 1994 South & Central America; China; Caribbean; Spain Fishing Sector; Mangroves; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Morton, B. 1994. Hong Kong's coral communities status, threats and management plans. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:74-83. 1994 Review Climate; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Murray, J. D. 1994. A policy and management assessment of US artificial reef programs. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:960-969. 1994 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Artificial Habitat
Salm, R. 1994. Coral's hidden riches. People & the planet / IPPF, UNFPA, IUCN 3:19-21. 1994 Indian Ocean; India Model Aquaculture; Docks & Marinas; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Forestry; Hotel & Food Services; Housing; Mangroves; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Shoreline Protection; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Santavy, D. L. 1994. An Environmental Assessment of Microbial Community Responses to a Compromised Host. in Proceedings of the 5th Investigators' Meeting for EPA's Environmental Releases of Biotechnology Products Risk Assessment Program. Duluth, Minn. 1994 Biotechnology Research & Development
Tunstall, B. R. 1994. Technical Memorandum - CSIRO, Australia, Division of Water Resources. 1994 Australia Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Military
Alder, J. 1993. Permits, an evolving tool for the day-to-day management of the Cairns Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Coastal Management 21:25-36. 1993 Australia Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Baker, D. J. 1993. Sustainable development and NOAA's special role in meeting national goals. Marine Technology Society Journal 27:49-54. 1993 Fishing Sector; Waterborne Discharges; Whales & Dolphins
Fanning Lucia, M. and G. Miller Winston. 1993. Institutional considerations for the integrated coastal zone management of Belize. Pages 2683-2697 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 South & Central America; Belize
Gallagher Charmaine, MA RI E and J. Lee Donna. 1993. Economic contribution to marine park management for Hanauma Bay, Hawaii. Pages 142-155 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Beaches & Nature Parks; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation
Muir, F. and G. Chester. 1993. Managing tourism to a seabird nesting island. Tourism Management 14:99-105. 1993 Australia Review Marine Birds; Tourism & Recreation
Nakayama, AK IY OS HI, NO BU YU KI Horikosi, and HI RO SH I Kobayashi. 1993. Planning and design of multipurpose artificial barrier reefs. Pages 183-197 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Japan Model Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Water Depth & Sea Level
Salm, R. V. 1993. Coral reefs of the Sultanate of Oman. Atoll Research Bulletin 1993 Oman
Walters, C. J. 1993. Dynamic models and large scale field experiments in environmental impact assessment and management. Australian Journal of Ecology 18:53-61. 1993 Florida; Australia; Columbia Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Yoshioka, KA ZU NO RI, TA KA SH I Kawakami, TA NA KA Shigenobu, MA MO RU Koarai, and TA KA AK I Uda. 1993. Design manual for artificial reefs. Pages 93-107 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1993 Japan Model Artificial Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gravens, M. 1992. User's guide to the shoreline modeling system (SMS). CERC-92-1, Coastal Entineering Researcch Center, Department of the Army, Vicksburg,(Mississippi, USA). 1992 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coastal Engineering; Sediment
Martindale, W. 1992. Calcified epibionts as palaeoecological tools: examples from the Recent and Pleistocene reefs of Barbados. Coral Reefs 11:167-177. 1992 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Coralline Algae; Marine Worms; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
NOAA. 1992. Oil spill case histories 1967-1991: summaries of significant U.S. and international spills. Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division, Seattle, Washington. 1992 Coastal Defense; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Petroleum Spills
Sathi, NE EN A, S. Fox Mark, RA JA Y Goyal, and S. Kott Alexander. 1992. Resource configuration and allocation--A case study of constrained heuristic search. IEEE Expert 7:26-35. 1992 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Decision Support
Uthoff, D. 1992. Tourism and coastal change on Phuket, southern Thailand [Tourismus und Kustenveranderung auf Phuket/Sudthailand]. Erdkundliches Wissen 105:237-249. 1992 Thailand; Malaysia Mangroves; Tourism & Recreation
Eid, E.-M., E., and M. A. Fawzi. 1991. Egyptian approach towards appropriate use of coastal zones on the Red Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:331-337. 1991 Egypt Mangroves; Non-Monetary Valuation; Recreational Opportunities; Tourism & Recreation
Paw, J. N. and T.-E. Chua. 1991. Managing coastal resources in Cilacap, Indonesia, and Lingayen Gulf, Philippines - an ASEAN initiative. Marine Pollution Bulletin 23:779-783. 1991 Java; Indonesia; Philippines Agriculture; Aquaculture; Beaches & Nature Parks; Chemical Use Regulations; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Pintukanok, AM PA N. 1991. Coastal zone management, national implementable plan and policy development. A case study of Phuket Island. Pages 1674-1684 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Thailand Marine Protected Areas; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
White Alan, T. and NE LS ON Lopez. 1991. Coastal resources management planning and implementation for the Fishery Sector Program of the Philippines. Pages 762-775 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1991 Philippines Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; Cultural Policies; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Resource Use Management
Berwick, N. L. 1990. Guidelines for the analysis of biophysical impacts to tropical coastal marine resources. Pages Sep-62 in Conservation in developing countries. Proc. centenary seminar, Bombay Natural History Society. 1990 Mangroves; Seagrasses
Knowles, DI CK. 1990. Mapping a Mascot 3 design into Occam. Software engineering journal 5:207-213. 1990 GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
McKenna, PE TE R. 1989. Application of estimation error studies for decision-making regarding sampling patterns on a South African gold mine. Pages 304-318 in Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry. 1989 South Africa Model Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
McManus Liana, TA LA UE. 1989. Coralline resources of Lingayen Gulf, Philippines: a proposal for their management. Pages 3098-3107 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector
Rappa Peter, J. and J. Miller Bruce. 1989. Coastal resource management planning in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands. Pages 2147-2160 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1989 US Pacific & Hawaii; Micronesia Collaboration & Partnering; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Infrastructure; Mitigation; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Road Construction & Maintenance
Stadter, T. 1989. Microfacies, tectonics and diagenesis of the wulfrath limestone deposit (Devonian, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) [Mikrofazies, Strukturverhaltnisse und Diagenese der Wulfrather Kalksteinlagerstatte (Devon, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge)]. Facies 21:57-97. 1989 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment
Gutherz, E. J. and G. J. Pellegrin. 1988. Estimate of the catch of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, by shrimp trawlers in the US Gulf of Mexico. Marine Fisheries Review 50:17-25. 1988 South & Central America; Mexico Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Piscivorous Fish
Rubec, P. J. 1988. The need for conservation and management of Philippine coral reefs. Environmental Biology of Fishes 23:141-154. 1988 Agriculture; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Anon,. 1987. New Way To Move Ai Into The Mainstream. Electronics 60:90-92. 1987 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
Done, T.J. 1987. Simulation of the effects of Acanthaster planci on the population structure of massive corals in the genus Porites:evidence of population resilience? Coral Reefs 6:75-90. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Seastars; Stony Coral
Bossad, P. and D. M. Karl. 1986. The direct measurement of ATP and adenine nucleotide pool turnover in microorganisms: a new method for environmental assessment of metabolism, energy flux, and phosphorus dynamics. Journal of Plankton Research 8:39826. 1986 Microorganisms
Dutton, I. M. 1986. Environmental Management Of The Proposed Floating Hotel At John Brewer Reef. Pages 263-269 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1986 Australia Hotel & Food Services; Marine Protected Areas
Savina, G. C. and A. T. White. 1986. A tale of two islands: Some lessons for marine resource management. Environmental Conservation 13:107-113. 1986 Philippines Complex Habitat & Resources; Finfish Harvest; Resource Use Management
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Walton, RA YM ON D, A. Roesner Larry, P. Wang Ming, and W. MA RT IN Williams. 1985. Water Quality Modeling Of Key Largo Coral Reef. Pages 1111-1120 in [No source information available]. 1985 Florida Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools
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Grigg, R. W., J. J. Polovina, and M. J. Atkinson. 1984. Model of a coral reef ecosystem - III. Resource limitation, community regulation, fisheries yield and resource management. Coral Reefs 3:23-27. 1984 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Fishing Sector; Nutrients; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Coppes, JA N, AD OL F Lubbers, SO EP AN GA T Soemarto, and SU GI YO Yuwono. 1983. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE DREDGING AND RECLAMATION WORKS AT SOUTH BONTANG BAY, INDONESIA. Water Science and Technology 16:407-415. 1983 Indonesia Lab Study Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Mitigation; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Wells, S. M. 1981. International trade in corals. International trade in corals. 1981 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Philippines; Taiwan; Caribbean; Europe Commercial Fisheries; Fishing Sector; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Davis, W. P., G. I. Scott, C. D. Getter, M. O. Hayes, and E. R. Gundlach. 1980. Methodology for environmental assessments oil and hazardous substance spills. Helgolander wiss Meeresuntersuchungen 33. 1980 Puerto Rico Index or Indicator Petroleum Spills
Baker, J. T. 1977. Management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Pages 597-604 in Proc. 3rd international coral reef symposium, Miami, 1977, Volume 2, geology. 1977 Australia Finfish Harvest; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Recreational Fishing; Scientific Research; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Tourism & Recreation
Campo, P. C. and T. R. Villanueva. Improving the Triple Bottom line Returns from Small-scale Forestry. Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Banks, Credit, & Securities; Collaboration & Partnering; Forestry; Housing; Resource Use Management
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Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Participate in Technical Advisory Committees The technical advisory committee can meet once or twice a year with reef managers to help develop agendas on the design and prioritization of water quality and ecological research and monitoring. This provides managers the opportunity to list research/monitoring priorities to federal, state, and local government entities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Develop and maintain standard operating procedures based on federal, state and agency directives and regulation in order to provide staff and programs with consistent and clear direction. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Public Administration; Scientific Research; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Assess and Evaluate Sanctuary Management Plan Implementation This assessment should be conducted internally by sanctuary staff on an annual basis. It is important to revisit the sanctuaries management plan every year, to consider the progress and effectiveness of activities implemented over the previous year. Monitoring and research can also provide information that was unavailable when the management plan was first written. Performance evaluations should be performed routinely and be based on consistent measures. These evaluations can also be used to populate NMSP Report Cards and other performance requirements. This new knowledge and experience can be integrated into the plan and its implementation, in a type of adaptive management (#275). Accomplishments, changes and targets should all be discerned for the year to come. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Public Administration; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Collaboratively Evaluate Management Plan Joint Actions As the NMSP continues to increase the rigor of its self-evaluation, the program would like to increase the frequency with which partners formally join with the local sanctuary in assessing the effectiveness of the joint-management actions. Each quarter, sanctuary staff should facilitate collaborative evaluation of one action plan within the management plan. In result, systematic rotation through the actions plans will be completed every few years. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Public Administration; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Integrate Volunteer Assistance in Cultural Resources Inventory Marine Heritage Resource managers should continue or begin to use volunteers to assist staff in collecting information, locating unrecorded sites, recording and documenting sites, assessing site significance, and developing sites for improved public access, interpretation, and protection. Often locals have interest and knowledge of unrecorded sites. If previously established, the management option (#165), will allow this data to be combined with data from other inventory management options such as (#81), and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option (#85). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Create a Public Project Database & Website An inventory and subsequent database of projects involving the public and non-governmental organizations is an important component of managing multiple public projects (#88). Having such an inventory can be important for identifying potential partners for collaboration, as well as for identifying sites (Marine Heritage or Natural Resource) of public interest. Such a database can easily be added to a sanctuary website (#133) in an effort to increase public awareness (#86). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Conduct Staff Meetings Several types of staff meetings should be regularly scheduled to fulfill a variety of purposes. Management meetings are necessary to address administrative policy matters. Internal staff meetings should be conducted to ensure necessary information is communicated among staff as to any changes, concerns, or developments. Meetings are an opportunity to review the sanctuary management plan (#213) and standard operating procedures (#208). External collaborators should be involved in meetings when an issue is being discussed that the collaborator is involved in, such as when standard operating procedures are being developed across agencies. Meetings can also be used as important staff training sessions. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Promote Interagency Collaboration in Policy Making The administrative office communicates with organizations and agencies involved in resource impacts or regulation to determine potential effects of Sanctuary management interest, to help develop policy statements, and to consult with affected agencies regarding sanctuary related policies. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

US EPA. EPA Retention/Detention. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Education & Information; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Conduct Public Participation Projects Inventory This plan calls for research and educational institutions (using students and volunteers) to conduct an inventory of projects involving the public and non-governmental organizations. In this way the public becomes involved with the inventory. Having such an inventory can be important for identifying potential partners for collaboration, as well as for identifying sites (Marine Heritage or Natural Resource) of public interest. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Continued Staff Training It is important that staff be properly educated and trained to perform their designated tasks, but it is equally important to keep staff familiar with applicable agency directive and regulation through training and communication. Some strategies for this include information technology-based reference and guidance, regularly scheduled meetings (#210), and through in-service trainings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Marine Protected Areas; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Public Administration; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Hydroseeding High Risk Soils Hydroseeding is a process that creates a slurry of seeds, water, and mulch. This slurry can be applied with the use of trucks, trailers, and even aircrafts. This method is particularly useful because it promotes quick germination and reduces erosion. It is especially beneficial to use this method where there is a vastness of bare soil due to clearing vegetation for roads, homes, and farming. Higher elevations are typically steeper and often experience heavy rainfall, and ultimately an extreme amount of erosion occurs if soil is bare. Erosion from the highlands can fill the reservoirs in the drainage basin with sediment. Using hydroseeding would increase vegetation and ultimately the stabilization of the soil. Also, increased vegetation through hydroseeding would help with infiltration rates because the roots would aerate the soil. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1999. Temporary Seeding. NRCS Planning and Design Manual. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Reef Life; Sediment
Agriculture & Aquaculture: Phase Out Unwanted Subsidies Subsidies are often offered to promote certain types of growth and development. At a later time, with changing priorities, it may be determined that these types of growth and development are no longer optimal. For example, sun grown coffee, was subsidized in Guancia Bay, PR, as it was expected to have higher future market demand. However, it requires clearing large tracts of land on steep, extremely erodible clay soils. This leads to high volumes of erosion because there is no vegetation to anchor the soil in place. Now these subsidies are promoting sun grown coffee even though shade grown is better for the land and reefs because it reduces erosion, extreme runoff, and adds vegetation to the land. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Banks, Credit, & Securities; City Planning; Corporate Responses; Decision Support; Economic Markets & Policies; Finance & Insurance; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Funding & Incentives; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies
Corporate Response: Develop Outreach with Local Businesses Information should be provided to business along the water so that employees will be aware of environmentally sensitive business practices. This can be achieved through informative brochures, and distributing other educational materials. These interactions can also be used to inform businesses of opportunities for voluntary certifications (#104). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Coastal Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Corporate Responses; Cultural Policies; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Golf Course Operations; Hotel & Food Services; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Corporate Response: Develop Outreach with Shipping Businesses This option requires the sanctuary to continue to alert shipping businesses about sanctuary regulations. Such regulations may include vessel waste discharge, ATBA, PSSA, etc. The targeted audiences will include importers, exporters, port authorities, commercial fishing companies, ship insurers. This information can be provided to the audience through NOAA nautical charts, trade publications, newsletters, trade shows, and direct mailings. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Docks & Marinas; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finance & Insurance; Infrastructural Policies; Insurance; Manufacturing & Trade; Ports & Harbors; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Increase Public Grounding Notification Public notification of groundings can be increased through more centralized, accessible notification methods, and public education and outreach. Notification methods could include creating a �grounding hotline� with a central government agency as the enforcement dispatch center. By centralizing notification methods, public confusion over what agency to contact can be reduced. Education and outreach efforts should focus on the importance of grounding notification and awareness of notification methods (i.e. the hotline). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical Damage; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Transportation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Coordinated Oil & Hazardous Spill Response This management option calls for developing unified response protocols to deal with containment and clean-up of oil spills. This is important to protect corals, mangroves, and seagrasses from adverse impacts of hazardous materials. Given the limited number of spills and the importance of responding quickly, interagency coordination of reporting and response is essential for success. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Puerto Rico and USVI Area Planning Committees. 2008. Hazardous Substances Pollution Area Contingency Plan. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin islands.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Toxics; Transportation; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges
Damage Assessment, Documentation & Response: Respond to Mass Coral Bleaching Events There are several actions managers can take to prepare for and respond to bleaching events. These strategies typically focus on developing and communicating reliable information about the bleaching event and its impacts, rather than providing a "cure." Developing a Bleaching response plan in advance allows managers to respond more effectively during these rapid onset events. Predicting the risk and severity of bleaching events can allow for more timely yet credible information for decision makers. After the bleaching event it is important to quickly access the ecological impacts for further management decisions. Bleached coral are in a vulnerable state, and are therefore less resilient to degraded water quality, physical damage from recreation, or pressure from fishing activities. This heightened sensitivity means that current protections may need to be increased temporarily following a bleaching event. Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching.

Atmospheric Emissions; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Climate Regulation; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Geodatabase A Geodatabase combines several GIS layers into one singular geospatial database. This allows for different resources and uses to be compared spatially and temporally. A standardized protocol, such as #165, is necessary when combined different types of data from different sources. Attention to and record keeping of meta-data if very important. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Reef Habitat; Reef Life
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop and Maintain Database for Tracking Restoration, Repairs, and Monitoring Activities This response involves adapting NOAA�s Damage Assessment Center�s seagrass injury assessment team component to local management areas. If previously established, the management option # 165, will allow this data to be compared to previously collected baseline data such as that collected with management option #164. This would also allow for comparisons across different types of data, such as use changes, that would be contained in a #166. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Pressures; Remediation; Security & Public Administration Policies; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Resource Site Database Local managers could maintain a central database containing information about geological, biological and cultural marine resources. Standardized meta-data should be included for each entry site such as name, position, age, integrity, historical and cultural significance, sensitivity, and recreational value. This data can be incorporated with other data, such as census data or landuse data, into GIS in order to interpret relationships #166. This would combine efforts of multiple management options such as #164, and #81 into one consolidated place. Management options such as #76 & #75 could be incorporated to track changes to these sites over time. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management
Data Management & Decision Tools: Establish a Standardized Data Management Protocol This management option involves creating a management protocol to standardize the way investigators manage data. This will be achieved by creating a single approach to maintaining, storing, and accessing digital data. With research shifting from single organisms to the entire ecosystem, integrating multiple databases is extremely beneficial. The database needs to be a dynamic, distributed system for annual data gathering and archiving. With different types of data often coming from different sources, it is very important to have standard processes for tracking meta-data as well. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Reef Life
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Modeling Plan This would involve developing an overall plan for new predictive models focused on management needs. The plan will include discussion of preliminary conceptual models, data needs, data gathering, and model development and refinement. Models may incorporate both abiotic and biotic environmental factors. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Physical & Chemical Environment; Public Administration; Reef Life; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop and Maintain Vessel Grounding Database This management approach would involve refining and maintaining a vessel grounding database and adequate staffing for on-going management, GIS processing of archived data, creating products for management case tracking, and developing a database that is user-friendly and useful. If previously established, the management option #165, will allow this data to be combined with similar data from other inventory management options such as #95, and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option #85. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical Damage; Pressures; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Transportation Policies
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop a Geographic Information System Incorporating Satellite and Aerial Images This option involves the acquisition of high-resolution, low altitude photos of management areas and grounding hotspots. These photos can then be used for baseline documentation for natural resource litigation, research, and management decisions. If these images are to be incorporated into larger geodatabase, such as that proposed in # 166, a standardized protocol should be developed in advance, as suggested in management option #166. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Data Management & Decision Tools: Research and Model Causal Linkage Between Pollutants and Ecological Impact This involves conducting research to identify and document causal linkages between discharge water pollutants and specific, quantifiable ecological problems. The natural environment naturally assimilates some pollutants, but has thresholds for this type of contaminant processing. Different hydrology, biology and spatial/temporal factors are all going to play a roll in the linkage between pollutants and ecological problems, meaning modeling and risk assessment can be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Sewage Treatment; Stormwater Management; Sunscreen Use; Supporting Services; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Waterborne Discharges; Wetlands
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop Systems Framework A systems framework can serve several research purposes. These can act as conceptual starting points for modeling. Frameworks can act as starting points for brainstorming and discussion of topics. Systems frameworks are particularly useful for identifying indirect relationships and overcoming boundaries between individual disciplines. Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach
Data Management & Decision Tools: Conduct a Modeling Workshop Conducting a workshop can be useful to discuss modeling approaches, develop preliminary conceptual models, and define specific information needs for models. There are decision tools to choose from other than traditional models, and many different modeling approached to choose from, making this type of workshop both an outreach effort, and an effort to collaborate. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Physical & Chemical Environment; Reef Life; Scientific Research; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers
Data Management & Decision Tools: Develop an Ecological Information System Spatial and temporal information about ecological resources should be incorporated into an existing local GIS or database. Information should include benthic habitats, species distributions and life histories, water quality, etc. These will act as baseline data for ecological monitoring. If previously established, the management option #165, will allow this data to be combined with updated data from other inventory management options such as #76, and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option #85 or 165. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. 2000. The National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. Washington, D.C.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Climate; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Reef Habitat; Reef Life
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Information Booths for Trade Shows and Festivals This option encourages local reef sanctuary staff to attend trade shows and local festivals and set up a booth with brochures, information, and photos regarding sanctuary resources. Such participation will enhance public education regarding local reef resources and education staff will evaluate which festivities would be the most optimum to attend and participate in (in order to be efficient with sanctuary funds). Specific trade shows, such as dive shows, should allow for a more targeted audience. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Environmental Atlas for the Sanctuary This option involves collaboration with agencies such as NOAA, DEP, and other regional agencies to develop color atlases that reveal information regarding habitat types, populations, hurricane paths, and other environmental and social themes. Much of this information can be obtained from (#85) and (#166). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Outreach with the Tourism Development Council Collaborating with the Tourism Development Council allows for more specific targeting of tourists and visitors for resource management outreach. Tourists and visitors are less familiar with local ecosystems and are therefore more prone to unintentionally damaging the environment or defying policies and regulations. The Tourism Development Council is also an important stakeholder to consider, in coastal zone management. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Travel Services & Tour Operators
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Establish VHF Radio Stations The local sanctuary staff should work to secure a VHF radio station dedicated to provide information about local boating and water activities in multiple languages. Broadcast messages can include, but are not limited to information about regulations, navigation, resources, weather, and reef conditions. This will help prevent boaters, divers, and fishermen from negatively affecting the ecosystem. Assessments regarding cost and target audience areas must be conducted and external funding pursued to supplement the expense. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop and Maintain Sanctuary Website Marine sanctuary areas can create a website as an educational tool, providing information regarding new issues, educational resources, volunteer opportunities, and current initiatives such as research, restoration projects, or policy changes. If a website is already in use, it should be maintained and updated with new information, resources, and technologies to enhance effectiveness and visitation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Interactive Interpretive Exhibits Interpretive exhibits combine an array of information types (pictures, sounds, interactive activities etc.) in an easy to understand, relevant way to visitors. On-water and on-land interpretive exhibits for maritime heritage resources and sanctuaries are helpful at increasing public knowledge/awareness of reefs. Interpretive exhibits can be established near the site of the resource (#126), in permanent (#131) or used as a traveling tool for (#127), and (#130). Such exhibits are beneficial as they allow for schools, the community, and tourists see resources first-hand and learn why they are important, at their leisure and without requiring a staff member to present the information. Expanding already-created exhibits is important to continue to draw in crowds and to continue to add/increase public knowledge and stewardship. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Washburne, R. and Wagar, J. 2010. Evaluating Visitor Response to Exhibit Content. Curator: The Museum Journal 15:248-256.

Veverka, J. The Key to Successful Heritage Tourism Marketing Planning and Program Design. Interpretive Communication Accessed 7/7/2011.

Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Tourism & Recreation
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop, and Implement New Technologies for Educational Resources New technologies should be researched, developed, and adopted for sanctuary educational materials. They should be evaluated before they are adopted. Sanctuaries must make their educational materials available through technologies that the public is currently using. For example, mobile applications could allow visitors to access relevant information while recreating, where older technologies such as websites would be more difficult to access. Such technologies can also be used as decision tools for the public, tracking their use of reef resources to show the user what impact their total activities may have and opportunities to improve that. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop Educational Materials Producing educational materials such as CD-ROMS, posters, videos, and information sheets is beneficial for informing the public regarding reef health. Collaborations should be made to produce and disseminate such materials, and if the materials have been produced previously, evaluations should be made regarding the material�s effectiveness. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Provide Interpretive Information Targeted information should be provided and interpreted for media, interest groups, periodicals, publications, and environmental organizations. This information may be about available programs/resources, research findings, policy changes, statistics, avoidance techniques, legal/financial consequences etc. This information should be provided specifically for these groups in such a way to best enhance public understanding regarding reef resources. It is important to interpret this information for these user groups, as this will help them convey the often technical information to the public. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Distribute Information in Utility Bills, and Vessel Registration Distributing pertinant information through these pre-channels allows more efficient targeting of the public for relevant information. Information that is important for local residents, such as changes in policies or sanctuary activities in the area can be distributed with utility bills. This is also a great method for distributing best practices information, educating the public on how their activities in and around their residence can impact coral reef ecosystems. Vessel registration is an excellent method for distributing boating regulations and best practices to those that actually own boats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Discharge Controls: Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards Effluent Toxicity is considered the aggregate toxic effect to aquatic organisms from all pollutants contained in a facility's wastewater (effluent). It is one part of the Water Quality Standards (#22) that prohibits the discharge of toxic pollutants in toxic amounts. Numerical criteria can be adopted from the Clean Water Act of based on scientifically-defensible methods. In addition to setting this numerical criteria, enforcement of the standards requires inspection programs and monitoring. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Improved Technology; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Dissemination of Findings: Develop an Information Exchange Network This management option involves developing a compendium of current and ongoing research that should be updated on a regular basis. This is important as it allows for collaborators to share information and resources. This type of exchange helps to maximize gains in economies of scale and reduce duplication of efforts. Decision tools such as inventories and databases can often be adapted for this use. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Scientific Research
Dissemination of Findings: Report Monitoring and Research Results It is important to disseminate data and information gathered to collaborators and the wider scientific community. This can be accomplished through publication, such as journals (#161) or other networks (#159). It is important to share this data with other government agencies as well (#92). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Dissemination of Findings: Distribute Periodic Sanctuary Health Reports The management option involves creating monitoring/condition reports on the health of the sanctuary and reef that is released for the public. The findings can be released through newsletters, presentations, reports, publications, and other written and oral methods. Criteria reported on typically include water quality, critical habitats, and species of particular interest. These reports will ultimately help reveal the effectiveness of marine protections and policies based on the conditions researched. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Protected Areas; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Socio-Economic Drivers; Tourism & Recreation
Energy Policy & Development: Cable and Pipeline Construction Assessments Pre-assessments must be conducted to ensure pipelines and cables buried on the ocean floor will not disrupt or destroy natural or cultural resources. Reach Networks Hong Kong Ltd. 2007. Project Profile: Asia-America Gateway (AAG) Cable Network, South Lantau. Wanchai, Hong Kong SAR.

Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Services; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Energy Policy & Development; Infrastructural Policies; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Provisioning Services; Utilities; Utility Policies
Enforcement: Interpretive Enforcement Interpretive enforcement, sometimes called �soft� or positive enforcement, refers to approaches geared towards encouraging widespread voluntary compliance with laws, rules and regulations. Interpretive enforcement is based on the premise that most people, once informed about MPA regulations, want to do the right thing. This is the greatest level of compliance because it advocates understanding and public support of goals for reef management. The main objective of this management action is to increase public understanding of the importance to comply with regulations, achieve voluntary compliance, and promote public stewardship of historical and cultural marine resources through interpretive enforcement. Strategies that can help achieve these goals include developing special training programs, organizing events, implementing social marketing, targeting indigenous learning systems and changing cultural value systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources of the Department of Agriculture, and Department of the Interior and Local Government. 2001. Philippine Coastal Management Guidebook No. 8 Coastal Law Enforcement. No.8 Coastal Law Enforcement, Coastal Resource Management Project of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cebu City, Philippines.

National Marine Sanctuaries. 2005. MPAs and Enforcement. Module 7, NOAA.

Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Incentives; Public Administration; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies
Environmental Education: Provide mechanisms outside the law enforcement sector that can deliver resource education at the site of the resource This plan involves acquiring other personnel such as volunteers to help with resource protection through education. Volunteers can hand out brochures, answer questions, and assist boaters on high-use days/areas. Programs such as Team OCEAN have contributed over 15,000 hours to such activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Socio-Economic Drivers; Transportation; Water Transportation
Environmental Education: Deliver Non-Enforcement Resource Eductaion at the Resource Site Voluntary compliance (#50) is the most desirable form of site protection. Lack of compliance often occurs unintentionally, due to a lack of knowledge and understanding. Law enforcement plays a role by ensuring rules are appropriately followed, but often the preventative component of this enforcement becomes secondary, especially on high use days/areas. Volunteers can assist by answering questions and talking to people recreating about the reef, reef resources, and how to appropriately recreate. Volunteers can watch to ensure people are acting appropriately, that boaters do not go too close to shallow reefs, and that groundings do not occur. Programs such as Team OCEAN have contributed over 15,000 hours to such activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrate Harvest; Marine Debris; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Social Organizations; Sunscreen Use; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Establishing an Maritime Heritage Resource Inventory: This approach involves creating a bibliography and computerized database in a standard format and making it publicly accessible via internet. This inventory will contain basic information for each entry site such as name, age, integrity , historical and cultural significance, sensitivity, and recreational value. Many activities would be involved in creating this inventory. These include NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Education & Outreach; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Establishing an Maritime Heritage Resource Inventory: Use volunteer assistance in cultural resources inventory This plan advocates the use of volunteers to assist with collecting information, located unrecorded sites, documenting sites, etc. Volunteers can be greatly utilized for maritime heritage resources inventory. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Forestry Policy: Forestry Streamside Management Areas There are often surface waters, such as streams and lakes, within forestry areas that require special protection. This management option involves establishing and maintaining management areas (35 to 50 feet) around these surface waters to buffer against changes in temperature, increases in sediments and nutrients, and to provide bank stability. Canopy species in these areas also provide woody debris needed for instream channel structure and aquatic species habitat. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Runoff; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Injury Prevention: Foster Reef Resilience Resilience relates to how well the reef ecosystem is able to maintain key functions and processes while under abnormal pressure or stress. Two ways of supporting coral reef resilience are: incorporating known resilient areas into management design and by implementing strategies to either reinstate or protect factors that contribute to resilience, such as good environmental conditions, biological diversity, and connectivity. Marshall, P. and H. Schuttenberg. 2006. A reef manager's guide to coral bleaching.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Contact Uses; Coral; Decision Support; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Pressures; Resource Use Management
Landuse Management: Temporary Road Planning and Construction This management option involves minimizing sediment discharges from forestry and other temporary roads through their planning and construction. Since these roads are seasonal or temporary, less time and effort is normally invested in construction. Road construction has four main phases, clearing, leveling, construction and surfacing. Construction timing should be targeted to avoid sensitive spawning periods and during low stream flow at water passes. Road surface drainage shaping requires proper moisture content, surfacing, and grading. Drainage should be installed to reduce the volume and velocity of runoff water passing over sensitive areas. Methods for road surface drainage include: broad-based dip construction, pole culverts, ditch relief culverts, road outsloping and grading, ditch and turnout construction. Roadway runoff should be prevented from flowing directly into watercourses by using turnouts, wing ditches and dips. Brush barriers, silt fences, riprap and filter strips can be used to trap sediment in runoff water. Where roads cross streams it is important to guard against erosion, as such erosion may necessitate road repairs. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water. 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures For Sources Of Nonpoint Pollution In Coastal Waters. EPA/840/B-92/002, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land & Air Transportation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Landuse Management: Mine Reclamation Lands disturbed by mining must be reclaimed to their Approximate Original Contour (AOC). Mine operators must backfill, compact, and grade in order to restore the AOC of the land with all highwalls, spoil piles, and depressions eliminated. Spoil material is prone to erosion, and may carry various disturbed toxics into groundwater if not properly managed. Temporary roads and impervious surfaces may have also been constructed for mining purposes. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC.

Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Valuation; Waterborne Discharges
Marine Zoning: Ecological Reserves (ERs) Ecological Reserves set aside areas with minimal human interference. These reserves aim to enhance and protect biodiversity through encompassing large, contiguous habitats. The goal of ecological reserves is to encourage spawning, nurseries, and residence areas that contribute to genetic protection of fish and marine life. Ecological Reserves can be achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) Wildlife Management Areas include bird nesting, resting, or feeding areas, turtle nesting beaches, and other sensitive habitats including shallow flats that are important feeding areas for fish. These areas seek to provide protection for endangered/threatened species or their habitats while at the same time providing opportunity for public use. Wildlife Management Areas are achieved through placing and maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; implementing management responsibilities; adjusting existing zone boundaries if needed; evaluating allowable activities within the boundaries and make changes if needed; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; monitoring the effectiveness of current zones; and revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs) This is a type of Marine Zoning used by the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). SPAs focus on the protection of shallow, heavily used reefs where conflicts occur between user groups, and where concentrated visitor activity leads to resource degradation. They are designed to enhance the reproductive capabilities of renewable resources, protect areas critical for sustaining and protecting important marine species, and reduce user conflicts in high-use areas. This is accomplished through a prohibition of consumptive activities within these areas. They have been chosen based on the status of important habitat, the ability of a particular area to sustain and protect the habitat, the level of visitor use, and the degree of conflict between consumptive and non-consumptive users. The actual size and location of these zones have been determined by examination of user patterns, aerial photography, and ground-truthing of specific habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Artisanal Fishing; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Defense; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Landscape Changes; Large Ships; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Security; Small Boats; Souvenir & Decorative Trade; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Special Use Areas Special use areas are set aside for specific scientific or educational purposes. This is in order to encourage the recovery or restoration of injured or degraded resources. Also, the areas may be designated to facilitate access to, or use of, resources, and prevent other user conflicts. Special-use areas are achieved through a variety of methods such as: placing/maintaining buoys along zone boundaries; adjusting boundaries if necessary; evaluating allowable activities within zone boundaries; identifying potential areas that need additional zoning; reviewing the effectiveness of the zoning; and revising NOAA and GIS charts; and determining/establishing appropriate zones for high-impact or user-conflict activities. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Biomedical Research Policies; Complex Habitat & Resources; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health Policies; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Social Organizations; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Marine Zoning: Utilize Marine Protected Areas for Research and Monitoring Research and monitoring of marine protected areas determine the degree to which the zones meet goals and objectives for protecting natural resources, as well as human-use patterns, attitudes and compliance. Once data is gathered from within the protected zone it can than be compared to comprable data from outside the protected zone, as a control. It is necessary to compile and review data on use patterns to determine where additional Special-Use Areas would be appropriate. Research in the protected area should be non-invasive. It is important to make the protected area available for external research as well. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fish; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Landscape Changes; Marine Protected Areas; Marine Vertebrates; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Develop Baseline Data Baseline surveys of existing resources need to be conducted before monitoring can begin. The surveys must be conducted in Ecological Reserves, Sanctuary Preservation Areas, and Special-Use Areas to characterize the status of important marine species and their habitats. Establishing baseline data allows for later comparisons to monitoring data to gauge changes over time and revaluate current management actions being taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Funding & Donations; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Supporting Services; Wetlands
Marine Zoning: Existing Management Areas The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) uses this zoning category to identify areas that are managed by other agencies where restrictions already exist. These zones delineate the existing jurisdictional authority of other agencies (i.e., State parks, aquatic preserves, sanctuaries, and other restricted areas). Management of these areas within the Sanctuary may require additional regulations or restrictions to adequately protect resources. Any additional management measures will be developed and implemented in coordination with the agency having jurisdictional authority. Their function is not to establish another layer of bureaucracy, but to recognize established management areas and, at a minimum, to complement the existing management programs, ensuring cooperation and coordination with other agencies. Existing Management Areas will be maintained through revising GIS and NOAA charts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Entertainment & Accommodation Services; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Marine Protected Areas; Permitting & Zoning; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation
Marine Zoning: Integrate Resource Information in Permits, Authorizations, or Certifications Permitting usually includes assessing the natural and cultural resources of an area. Using this previosly gathered data would aid in creating an inventory for marine resources. If previosuly established, the management option (#165), will allow this data to be combined with data from other inventory management options such as (#95), and future integration into larger databases, such as that in the management option (#85). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Permitting & Zoning; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting
Measuring Sanctuary Performance Over Time: Monitor existing performance measures consistently over time The sanctuary staff should conduct routine performance evaluations to collect and record data on sanctuary performance over time. Using this data staff will determine effectiveness by evaluating progress towards achievement of each action plan�s desired outcomes, and assessing the role or added value of those outcomes in the overall accomplishment of site goals and objectives. Effectiveness will be evaluated for both the local sanctuary performance measures as well as NMSP national performance measure where applicable. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers
Monitor & Research: Develop Scientific Research Study Program Management areas can encourage scientific studies by coordinating efforts of research groups and institutions. Collaboration and integration of these scientific studies can be beneficial to both the research groups and the management area. For example, data from monitoring of restoration projects could be analyzed by an academic institution, helping to reduce the burden on funds and perhaps using data in ways outside the scope of management objectives. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Biomedical Research Policies; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Ecosystem Services; Education & Information; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Resource Use Management; Schools & Colleges; Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting
Monitor & Research: Adaptive Management By definition, adaptive management is a structured management approach that links science to decision-making, thereby improving the probability of restoration success. It provides an efficient process to address risk and uncertainty inherent within ecosystem restoration by encouraging flexible plans and designs. Monitoring (#) is an important component of adaptive management. The affect of different restoration alternatives can be seen using monitoring data, and compared against other environmental variables to determine what the best future actions are based on results of previous projects. CERP Committee. 2006. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan Adaptive Management Strategy.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Physical Variables; Public Administration; Regulating Services; Remediation; Scientific Research; Supporting Services
Monitor & Research: Research Artificial Reef Siting, Size, and Materials Impact for Future Management Decisions The effects of artificial reefs on fish and invertebrate abundance and community composition and on other sanctuary resources need to be assessed. Siting and size considerations should include spatial components such as nearest natural reef, species connectivity, currents, distance to shore, expected use, hurricane occurances, etc. The longevity of artificial reefs composed of different materials needs to be evaluated and considered heavily. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce.

NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Invertebrates; Marine Debris; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Toxics; Water Resources; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Monitor & Research: Survey and Collect Anecdotal Information Anecdotal information is to be solicited from experts and amateur public participation through surveys and workshops. Persons of interest include fishermen, recreational divers, recreational dive facilities, salvors and other locals with knowledge of marine resources in the area. Information they provide can help identify marine cultural and natural resources and help update resource inventory. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Marine Products; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Valuation; Water Transportation
Monitor & Research: Monitor Use Patterns on Artificial and Natural Reefs This management option seeks to provide data for decisions concerning creating new artificial reefs. Use data is important because justification for artificial reefs extends from their ability to shift use pressures (diving, fishing, etc.) from natural reefs. Once an artificial reef is decided on there is much more data to collect and factors to consider when deciding where the artificial reef (#189). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boating Activities; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Defense; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fishing Sector; Military; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Life; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Supporting Services; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation; Travel Services & Tour Operators; Valuation; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Monitor & Research: Integrate Volunteer Monitoring Program Monitoring by trained volunteers yields useful, cost-effective data that provides positive engagement for a variety of stakeholders. Such existing programs include The Ocean Conservancy, Atlantic Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment, and the Dolphin Ecology Project. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Reef Life; Scientific Research; Social Organizations
Monitor & Research: Utilize Managed Areas for Socioeconomic Research Data are needed to test hypotheses about the socioeconomic impact of marine zoning and user-group perceptions about changes in natural resources within the sanctuary area. User-group perception of changes in natural resources can be compared with quantitative ecological data to identify misconceptions and knowledge gaps. Providing funding opportunities for external scientists to conduct research in the managed area is another option. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Raw Materials; Infrastructural Policies; Landuse Management; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Non-Monetary Valuation; Permitting & Zoning; Provisioning Services; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Special Use Permitting; Supporting Services; Valuation
Monitor & Research: Create a Maritime Heritage Resource (MHR) Field Unit A Maritime Heritage Resource (MHR) field unit would be developed to conduct field research and coordinate permitted research activities. Training is an important aspect of developing such a field unit, as improper field work can be very destructive to MHR sites. Additional funding may be needed to involve external underwater archaeological research experts. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Funding & Incentives; Security & Public Administration Policies
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins
Monitor & Research: Fisheries Sampling Improved fisheries sampling programs require improving the spatial resolution of commercial and recreation fisheries-dependent and fisheries-independent sampling programs to provide statistics on catch and effort. Improved sampling can be achieved through evaluating and enhancing census programs by using smaller sampling areas. Also, fishery pre-recruitment monitoring efforts should be continued for long-term prediction of fishery stocks. Last, investigating life histories of fishery species needs to be conducted because it is currently a gap. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Apex Fish Predators; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Herbivorous Fish
Monitor & Research: Detect and Respond to Episodic Events Sanctuaries should have centralized information about algal blooms, fish kills, large patches of discolored water, and other unusual episodes to determine whether a management action would be appropriate. For such decisions to be made in a timely fashion, monitoring data must be consistently collected and updated in the information system #203. This monitoring information can than be added to a #166, where models like those planned out in #207 can determine the degree of threat and where it may spread. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Chemical Variables; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Fish; Physical Variables
Monitor & Research: Develop Innovative Monitoring Tools This management option calls for identifying and evaluating monitoring tools and methodologies used to detect pollutants and identify cause-and-effect relationships among water quality and biological resources. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Chemical Variables; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Landscape Changes; Nutrients; Physical Variables; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Scientific Research; Toxics
Public Participation: Integrate Volunteer Support For GIS Volunteers work with sanctuary management staff using GIS software to provide managers with information and photographs. Often such volunteers will come from educational institutions, as these projects require an existing knowledge and familiarity with GIS. Such projects are well suited for such volunteers or internships as they can often be seen to completion and provide the participant with real world application of their skills, often fulfilling requirements of their institution. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Manage Public Participation Projects Public participation projects have significant potential; they not only address the project goals but also encourage public stewardship for important marine resources. Long term public projects require continued involvement, guidance and encouragement to reach project completion. Developing an inventory/database (#98) can be important for successful management of multiple projects. The public cannot participate in such projects if they are not aware of them, so effective marketing (#86) is an essential component of public participation management. Many of these tasks can be performed by volunteers. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies; Social Organizations
Public Participation: Coordinate with Trained Volunteer Programs Trained volunteer programs have volunteers that may be experienced with vessel navigation and operation, snorkeling, or SCUBA. An example of a trained volunteer program is Reef Medics. This program is hands-on and often assists with the Florida Keys Marine Sanctuary. These programs can be helpful in restabilization efforts and monitoring repaired sites. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Train Volunteers Continuing volunteer training programs for general public involvement in research, documentation, and management is important to protect natural and maritime heritage resources. These same training programs also add value to the participants experience, as they are learning while volunteering. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Volunteer Recruitment This option increases support for volunteers and their activities. Volunteers should be recruited based on their skills and placed according to their experiences, interests, and qualifications. Volunteers should be trained and oriented so they will be familiar with the management area and feel appreciated. To be successful, volunteer programs need to provide safety, and place volunteers in a worthwhile, meaningful job positions. Volunteer projects can then be evaluated based on effectiveness and communication should be kept with volunteers through phone calls, letters, and e-mail. Though volunteer positions are typically unpaid, funding would need to be provided from a variety of sources in order to support efforts. Potential programs and internships should be identified and created in order to enhance the program. Partnerships with local educational institutions can be very beneficial for recruiting volunteers. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Public Participation: Integrate Volunteer Assistance in Facilities Maintenance Volunteers can assist management staff with routine marine and dock maintenance, mooring buoy installation, repair, and cleaning; vehicle and boat maintenance, ground maintenance, and storage and dock cleaning. This allows for management staff that would have been performing these tasks to perform other tasks. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Environmental Education & Outreach; Security & Public Administration Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Coral Touching Regulations Currently touching, removing, damaging, distributing, and injuring any living or dead coral or coral formation is prohibited in Sanctuary Preservation Areas and Ecological Reserves. An investigation will be conducted to consider extending this prohibition to high-use, sensitive and vulnerable areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beaches & Nature Parks; Contact Uses; Coral; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling
Regulatory Review and Development: Consider Regulations for Catch & Release Trolling This plan seeks to reduce or eliminate catch-and-release fishing in many fragile areas. First an assessment must be conducted to measure the effects of catch-and -release trolling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Change Salvaging & Towing Practices This option seeks to protect natural resources and reduce damage resulting from improper vessel salvage methods. In the past, salvage techniques have caused collateral damage when removing vessels grounded on the reef. These injuries often occur in the immediate area surrounding the grounded vessel but can be avoided with the use of proper salvage techniques developed with reef resources in mind. The principal causes of collateral injuries are dragging a vessel off the reef instead of floating it off; the use of steel towing cables that can drop on or drag across the substrate, impacting and dislodging resources (reef structure, corals, and sponges); and propwash and surge, generated by tugboat propellers, that displace sediment and dislodge organisms. To avoid or minimize collateral injuries, a reconnaissance survey should be conducted while the vessel is grounded to evaluate reef resources in the immediate area surrounding the vessel and determine an appropriate extraction route. Bunker fuel and cargo may need to be offloaded. Floating or buoyed towlines should be used instead of steel cables, and towing activities should be conducted at or near high tide to facilitate floating the vessel. Before and during the extraction, global positioning system (GPS) coordinates at the bow and stern of the vessel should be recorded to assist with future injury assessment. GPS tracking should be operating on the grounded vessel during egress from the site and on all salvage vessels or tugboats involved with the salvage operation. The outbound path for vessel extraction may also need to be buoyed, to help avoid or identify injuries that may occur during the salvage operation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Engineering; Collaboration & Partnering; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Education & Outreach; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Trampling; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Bait Fishing and/or Catch & Release Trolling Regulations This option seeks to reduce or eliminate bait fishing, and catch & release trolling in fragile areas. First assessments must be conducted to measure the effects of bait fishing and catch & release trolling. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Activities Allowed in Existing Regulatory Zones There are five different types of regulatory zones within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Ecological Reserves, Sanctuary preservation Areas, Wildlife Management Areas, Existing Management Areas, and Special Use Areas. Each zone has a different set of prohibited or allowable activities. This type of diversity in zones allows for visitors to partake in the activity they desire, but in an area where the impact will be less severe. Allowable activities require periodic evaluation and may need to be changed or relocated to allow for recovery or to address other issues of concern. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Harvest; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Fishing Sector; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Artificial Reef Regulations Discharge/depositing of materials and constructions on the seabed are both prohibited without permits, regulating the construction of new artificial reefs. Likewise, existing artificial reefs are protected through permit requirements for any alternation of the seabed. There are still further considerations for protecting artificial reefs. Artificial reef materials and construction choices are very important and may change based on the specific location and desired impacts. An artificial reef to attract recreational fishing differs from one for recreational divers or shoreline storm protection. Many artificial reefs were formally large ships, oil rigs or other types of waste that have been decommissioned and would be too large and expensive to dismantle on land. In these cases it is important to put restrictions on the sinking process to ensure there won�t be any type of chemical leakage and that the structure is stable on the seabed. (#189) (#190) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007. National Artificial Reef Plan: Guidelines for Siting, Construction, Development, and Assessment of Artificial Reefs. US Department of Commerce.

NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Contact Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Large Ships; Oil & Gas Industry; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Solid Waste Disposal; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Waste Management; Waterborne Discharges
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Channel & Reef Navigation Markers This option would evaluate the need for proper marking to ensure better navigation. There are many types of markers, including buoys, charts, beacons, and GPS mapping. Such markers can also be used to advocate prohibition on vessel speeds greater than idle speed in areas designated as idle-speed only/no-wake and around shallow reef locations. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Beach & Land Formation; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging Regulations; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Provisioning Services; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Security & Public Administration Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Trampling; Transportation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Dredging Regulations Dredging is oftentimes prohibited with certain exceptions. Dredging regulation often falls under other controls over the alteration of the seabed, discharging or depositing materials. At times dredging is necessary for navigation or other activities, necessitating .permitting mechanisms for allowing otherwise prohibited activities. Revising the regulations to help eliminate negative dredge-and-fill activities within a certain distance of corals would be beneficial because it would help promote the reestablishment of sensitive benthic communities. Reservoirs may require periodic dredging to remove sediment that may have collected. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Beach & Land Formation; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Mining; Mining Policies; Physical Damage; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sand & Rock Production; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Substrate; Transportation; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Water Transportation
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Fishing Gear/Fishing Methods Regulations In most regions there are already regulations that prohibit fishing methods that incorporate explosives, poisons, oil, and bleach. Further investigation may reveal additional methods, materials, or gear that should be prohibited as well. Regulations should aim to increase the use of low-impact gear (#194) in place of more destructive gear and methods. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biological Harvest; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Physical Damage; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Spearfishing Regulations Spearfishing is already prohibited in ecological reserves, sanctuary preservation areas, management areas, and special-use areas. There are additional considerations to be made to see if restrictions need to be extended in high priority areas. There may also be need to be further scientific study on the impacts of spearfishing. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Cochrane, K.L., editor. 2002. A Fishery Manager's Guidebook. Management Measures and their application. Fisheries Technical Paper 424, FAO, Rome.

Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Culture; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Regulatory Review and Development: Evaluate Vessel Grounding Regulations In many areas, there are already regulations that target prop scarring to seagrasses and the seabed. Current boat grounding regulations should be evaluated to determine if additional regulations would be beneficial. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Coastal Development; Contact Uses; Cruise Ships; Cultural Services; Culture; Decision Support; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Physical Damage; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Security Policies; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Wetlands
Resource Use Management: Marine Heritage Resource Protections This management option involves protecting underwater items/sites that have historical, cultural, archaeological, or paleontological significance. This response advocates permits for action that may degrade the resource. This can be accomplished through creating an MHR field unit, monitoring MHR site degradation, and evaluating excavation and mitigation techniques. Field units can help conduct field research and coordinated, permitted research activities. Experts relating to archaeological research underwater can also be hired with additional funding. Through evaluation of excavation techniques, new technologies can be suggested such as: turbidity screens, sediment removal equipment, and seagrass restoration/relocation protocols to lead to less disturbance. Inventory and decision tools can also be used in the aid of Maritime Heritage Resource protection. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Civil Engineering & Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Ecosystem Services; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Mitigation; Physical Damage; Pipelines; Reef Life; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Valuation; Wetlands
Resource Use Management: Seasonal Fisheries and Harvesting Finfish and shellfish stocks may be more or less susceptible to fishing pressures during certain times of the year. This may be due to seasonality of recruitment and/or changes in food/predation pressures. If fishing restrictions may be more successful if this seasonality is taken into consideration and fishing pressure adjusted accordingly. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Commercial Fisheries; Corallivorous Fish; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Permitting & Zoning; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Resource Use Management: Prevent Introduction of Invasive Species Preventing the introduction of invasive species involves public awareness of the invasive species, minimizing modes and prone areas for invasion, and detecting small populations for early eradication. Some common modes of terrestrial transportation include livestock and domestic animals, mowing equipment, and firewood. Clean equipment before transport to a new location. Remove soil from plants, and plant bare-root. Use high grade seed and weed free livestock feeds. Reduce opportunities for invasive plants by keeping native plant populations strong and healthy and seeding in cover crops to reduce barren soil. Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Ballast Discharge; Biological Addition; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Environmental Education & Outreach; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Invasive Species; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Manufacturing & Trade; Transportation; Water Transportation
Resource Use Management: Develop Live Collection Regulations Live collection is often more destructive than capture of food fishes because of the destructive methods used to remove live fish and invertebrates from the reef habitat. These methods include use of cyanide and explosives. Current methods should be assessed and alternatives should be developed or collection prohibited. World Resource Institute International Marinelife Alliance, editor. 1997. Sullied Seas. WRI, Washington D.C.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Educational & Research Opportunities; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Toxics; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Wholesale & Retail Trade
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Management Enforcement Marine protected areas and other types of coastal zone management areas have fisheries management policies that must be enforced in addition to the broader Statues, Regulation and Permit Requirements (#91). Illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing is a major problem worldwide. Management area policies must be enforced to have an impact on the fisheries stock. Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Resource Use Management: Designated Uses The water quality standards regulation requires that States and Tribes specify appropriate water uses to be achieved and protected. Appropriate uses are identified by taking into consideration the use and value of the water body for public water supply, for protection of fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and for recreational, agricultural, industrial, and navigational purposes. In designating uses for a water body, States and Tribes examine the suitability of a water body for the uses based on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the water body, its geographical setting and scenic qualities, and economic considerations. Each water body does not necessarily require a unique set of uses. Instead, the characteristics necessary to support a use can be identified so that water bodies having those characteristics can be grouped together as supporting particular uses. The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) the Tour Opperators' Iniative (TOI) and The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business (CELB). 2003. A Practical Guide to Good Practice: Managing Environmental Impacts In The Marine Recreation Sector.

Environmental Protection Agency. What are Water Quality Standards? Designated Uses. Water: Water Quality Standards Accessed 7/12/2011.

Contact Uses; Cultural Services; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Raw Materials; Marine Products; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Resource Use Management: Fisheries Catch Quotas Quotas designate the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) allocated to an operating unit such as a country, a vessel, a company or an individual fisherman (individual quota) depending on the system of allocation. Quotas may or may not be transferable, inheritable, and tradable. While generally used to allocate total allowable catch, quotas could be used also to allocate fishing effort or biomass. Seas At Risk. 2009. Moving Towards Low Impact Fisheries In Europe Policy Hurdles & Actions.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Apex Fish Predators; Artisanal Fishing; Biological Harvest; Bivalves; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Commercial Fisheries; Commercial Fishing Boats; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Food & Raw Materials; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertivorous Fish; Large Herbivorous Fish; Live Collection; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Products; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Provisioning Services; Recreational Fishing; Snails & Conch; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Resource Use Management: Develop Regulations for Sponge Fisheries Sponges play a vital role on reefs, providing structure, food and filtration. Depending on the method of removal, this process can be very destructive to other reef fauna and habitat. Research is needed to compare impacts of different sponge fishing methods in different areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boring Sponges; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Culture; Cyanobacteria; Educational & Research Opportunities; Encrusting Sponges; Finfish Harvest; Fisheries & Hunting Policies; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Invertebrate Harvest; Live Collection; Marine Products; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Scientific Research; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Resource Use Management: Develop Water Efficiency Initiatives Reducing water use through cost effective water efficiency improvements can be beneficial as it reduces pressure on water as a finite resource and saves money. There are several ways water efficiency can be promoted. Some Water Efficiency BMPs recommended by the EPA include: Water Management Planning; Information and Education Programs; Distribution System Audits, Leak Detection and Repair; Water-Efficient Landscaping, Water-Efficient Irrigation; Toilets and Urinals; Faucets and Showerheads; Boiler/Steam Systems; Single-Pass Cooling Equipment; Cooling Tower Management; Commercial Kitchen Equipment; Laboratory/ Medical Equipment; Other Water Intensive Processes; Alternative Water Sources. One of the ways the US government has promoted Water Efficiency Initiatives is through Executive order 13123 which places certain water use reduction requirements on Federal Agencies. There are also existing funding and incentives for non-government sectors. Project funding comes in many forms, such as appropriations, energy savings performance contract (ESPC) and Utility Energy Service Contract (UESCs) programs; ratepayer incentive programs such as rebates from public benefit funds or utilities; and the retention of energy and water cost savings. US Department of Energy. 2008. Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423.

Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Water Efficiency Best Management Practices. Federal Energy Management Program Accessed 7/12/2011.

Agriculture; Collaboration & Partnering; Designated Uses; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Drinking Water Supply; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Hydrologic Management; Irrigation; Landscaping & Household Services; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Resource Use Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Textiles & Apparel; Utilities; Utility Policies; Water; Water Resources; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Restoration: Acquire Blanket Permits for Restoration Programs Restoration programs often span multiple areas and multiple agencies. With proper collaboration between resource managers, and restoration programs, multiple programs/initiatives can work together under blanket permits from regulating agencies. For example, NOAA�s Beaufort Lab/Seagrass Research team, NOAA�s Damage Assessment Center, and DEP all coordinate restoration projects together in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Permitting & Zoning; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Restoration: Reintroduce Indigenous Living Corals The approach reviews the policies and regulation regarding the re-introduction of living corals indigenous to a specific geographic location that were propagated in the lab. The concern about reintroduction of organisms from the lab and aquaria revolves around the possibility of introducing exotic or foreign strains of diseases to natural coral. Also, there is concern about introducing defective genetic material as well. One viable solution may be to reintroduce corals reared in in-situ coral nurseries. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Addition; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coral; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Microorganisms; Reef Habitat; Security & Public Administration Policies; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Wetland & Reef Restoration
Restoration: Environmental Remediation Environmental Remediation is a type of restoration that's focus ranges from Brownfields to Oil Spills to Hazardous Waste Sites. These restoration activities aim to restore the site to a previous condition, or to a condition that is not a threat to human health or other forms of life. Several standards can be used to determine when remediation is necessary and to what extent the environment should be restores. Biocriteria can be used to determine the degree of degradation to biological components of the site. Often it is the presence of a particular pollutant in the soil, water or air, which is above acceptable limits and will not degrade fast enough over a short period of time and therefore must be removed. Physical and chemical water quality criteria can be used to set maximum acceptable limits of water quality parameters. Air quality criteria can be used to set acceptable maximum and minimum air standards for remediation. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2005. Contaminated Sediment Remediation Guidance for Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA-540-R-05-012, US Environmental Protection Agency.

Environment Protection Authority. EPA Guidelines for Environmental management of on-site remediation. Environment Protection Authority, Adelaide, Australia.

Applied Chemicals; Biocriteria; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Health; Health Policies; Landuse Management; Littering; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Military; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Monetary Valuation; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Oil & Gas Tankers; Petroleum Spills; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Pipelines; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Valuation; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Toxic Discharge Controls This option aims to eliminate unsightly residues, reduce erosion and control acid or otherwise toxic aqueous discharges from abandoned coal mines, coalmine waste or other types of land change. For toxic mine drainage, preventative actions include mine sealing, infiltration control, day lighting, and neutralization with alkaline material such as hydrated lime. Which action to take relies heavily on groundwater and runoff in the region of the mine. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Aquaculture; Coal Mining; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Restoration: Removal of Invasive Algae Benthic organisms on reefs maintain a delicate balance competing for space. In many areas, the competition between coral and algae has fallen out of balance due to confounding factors. Factors such as decreased herbivorous fish and invertebrates, and invasive algae species have allowed faster growing algae to take over many reefs, often growing into smothering mats that cover and kill coral. In Hawaii, there has been some success physically removing invasive algae such as Kappaphycus using underwater vacuums extended down from barges or volunteer events in shallower areas. The Nature Conservancy. 2010.Two Million Pounds of Invasive Algae Removed From Maunalua Bay.

(not cited)

Algae; Aquaculture; Biological Addition; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Calcareous Macroalgae; Collaboration & Partnering; Coral; Coralline Algae; Decision Support; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Escape & Release of Non-natives; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Fleshy Macroalgae; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Large Herbivorous Fish; Octocoral; Reef Habitat; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Zooxanthellae
Stormwater BMPs: Rainwater Collection Systems Creating a rainwater collection system (either through policy change or the initiative of homeowners) would help in many ways. These systems would utilize water in an efficient manner. It would reduce the pressure of water as a finite resource. Water would be collected and utilized before it reaches the ground. Once rain falls to the ground, it picks up nutrients, chemicals, and pathogens on the ground and transports them in the form of runoff. Eventually this contaminated stormwater runoff enters water resources through the drainage basin. Collecting a considerable amount of water would prevent contamination of that water, and allow for it to be usable. Also, it would reduce the amount of water that is lost when it is contaminated as runoff. An overall reduced amount of stormwater runoff would reduce the amount of contaminants that would harm corals. Center for Watershed Protection. 2008. Guanica Bay watershed management plan.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Cisterns used for water harvesting. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/18/2011.

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Climate; Construction Codes & Projects; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Drinking Water Supply; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Food & Energy Policies; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Irrigation; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sediment; Shelter; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Utilities Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Stormwater Pollution Reduction Through Instituting Preventitive Best Management Practices This method focuses on reducing the amount of harmful contaminants in stormwater runoff by establishing Best Management Practices that prevent the generation of the pollutant to begin with. These BMPs include educational programs, infrastructure improvements and agricultural BMPs. Examples of educational programs would be programs that educate the public on the importance of, and how to avoid depositing hazardous wastes, such as oil, into storm drains, or how to use landscape management controls to limit the chemical and debris that from enter stormwater runoff from their personal lawns. Infrastructure improvement could include the use of alternative turnarounds and street cleaning. Agricultural practices such as roofs and covers for pesticides and equipment, or use of bedding are both preventative stormwater practices. Some additional specific practices include: controlling fertilizer application, properly using and disposing of fertilizers, pesticides, motor oil, and other harmful chemicals, debris removal, exposure reduction, minimization of pollutants, parking lot cleaning, stormwater catch basin insert, eliminate curbs and gutters, green parking, green roofs, street design and patterns, bedding. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

US EPA. Alternative Turnarounds. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Eliminate Curbs and Gutters. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Parking. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Green Roofs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Street Design and Patterns. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/25/2011.

Irrigation Association. 2010. Turf and Landscape Irrigation Best Management Practices.

Agriculture; Applied Chemicals; Chemical Use Regulations; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Environmental Education & Outreach; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Forestry; Housing; Hydrologic Management; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Mining; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Industry; Road Construction & Maintenance; Security & Public Administration Policies; Shelter; Solid Waste Disposal; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Stormwater BMPs: Structural Stormwater Filtration This method attempts to reduce the negative impacts of stormwater runoff through implementation of engineering structures that trap or filter impurities out of runoff water. These include but are not limited to, using swales, filter strips, oil/water separators, oil/grit separators, and sand filters. Often structural retrofitting is coupled with biological filters/controls to direct water as desired and to fully reap the benefits of both systems. Structural filters are often incorporated into retention/detention and infiltration systems as well. One disadvantage of structural filters is that they are often higher maintenance as sand and chambers fill and clog with pollutants over time. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Compost Filter System. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Dry Swale. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Median Strip Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Montgomery County Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Off-Line Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Oil/Water Separators. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Organic Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Peat Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Perimeter Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Pocket Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Rockville Water Quality Inlet. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Sediment Basin (Water Quality Enhancement). Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Side-by-Side Infiltration Basin. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Surface Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Sand Filter. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Underground Trench with Oil/Grit Chamber. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Under-the-Swale Infiltration Trench. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. Water Quality Volume (WQV) Storage Tank. Urban BMP's - Water Runoff Management Accessed 3/23/2011.

Water Environment Research Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Highway Administration, American Public Works Association, editor. 2008. Overview of Performance by BMP Category and Common Pollutant Type. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database [1999-2008].

Leisenring, M., Clary, J., Stephenson, J., and Hobson, P. 2010. International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Pollutant Category Summary: Nutrients. Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.

US EPA. EPA Filtration BMPs. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Manufactured Products for Stormwater Inlets. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

US EPA. Alum Injection. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Menu of BMPs Accessed 3/25/2011.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2010. Stormwater Runoff Controls. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2005. Solid/liquid Waste Separation Facility. U.S. Depatrment of Agriculture.

Applied Chemicals; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Stormwater Management; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Landfill & Solid Waste Disposal Site Assessment Strategy This option seeks to reduce/eliminate pollution from leaching at landfill sites. High risk, old landfill sites that may have hazardous waste must be identified. Once identified, monitoring at these landfills should be intensified to insure leaching does not occur into marine systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Chemical Variables; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Littering; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Public Administration; Remediation; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Solid Waste Disposal; Toxics; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies
Water Quality Management: Wastewater Management System Standards This management option involves reducing the amount of pollutants entering groundwater by enforcing existing standards. Inspection and compliance programs for cesspits, Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems (OSTDS) and septic tanks are necessary to do this. Municipal sewage treatment plants have a variety of means to meet these standards, including improving management of current treatment systems or upgrading treatment systems with newer technology. Some of these technologies include: Continuous-Flow, Suspended-Growth Aerobic Systems (CFSGAS), Fixed-film, Sequencing batch reactor systems, Stabilization ponds, FWS constructed wetlands, and other aquatic systems (#2), Enhanced nutrient removal: phosphorus & nitrogen, Recirculating sand/media filters and Land treatment systems. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Center for Watershed Protection. 2004. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination. US EPA.

US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-00/008, US EPA.

Chemical Variables; City Planning; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Sewage Treatment; Supporting Services; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges
Water Quality Management: Water Quality Standards Water Quality Standards are the foundation of the water quality-based pollution control program mandated by the Clean Water Act. Water Quality Standards define the goals for a waterbody by establishing Designated Uses (#279), setting baseline waterbody minimum criteria to protect those uses, and establishing provisions that regulate Point Source Effluent Toxicity Standards (#280). Since the baseline water quality standards are for the waterbody in its entirety, there is some flexibility on how that minimum criterion is accomplished. In some cases, Remediation (#281) may be preferable to more stringent effluent standards. The criteria include specific biochemical and ecological measures that would be good indicators of ecological health, including Biocriteria (#282). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biocriteria; Chemical Variables; Cultural Services; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Provisioning Services; Toxics
Water Quality Management: Biocriteria The President�s Ocean Action Plan directed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop biological assessment methods and tools for evaluating the health of coral reefs so that States and Territories could more easily establish biological water quality standards, including descriptions for designated waterbody uses and biological criteria (biocriteria). Biocriteria are qualitative or quantitative thresholds of biological condition necessary to sustain the designated uses. Rigorous biological assessments are needed to identify metrics that reflect biological characteristics and are responsive to a gradient of human disturbance, and to generate defensible long-term monitoring programs. Implementation of biocriteria for freshwater ecosystems has forged a process that can be adopted for coral reefs. Bradley, P., L. Fore, W. Fisher, and W. Davis. 2010. Coral reef biological criteria: using the clean water act to protect a national treasure. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Narragansett, RI.

Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Designated Uses; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Resource Use Management
Water Quality Plans: Resource Monitoring of Surface Discharges This strategy will identify the impacts of point-source discharges by requiring all National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System dischargers to develop monitoring programs. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Health; Health Policies; Infrastructure; Physical & Chemical Environment; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Pressures; Public Administration; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges
Waterway Management: Boat Access Plan An optimal boat access strategy involves conducting a survey of all public and private boat access points throughout the area. Once entry and exit sites are identified, channel markings can be placed accordingly. An effective strategy must also consider boat access needs, location, and intensity of use. This will help to efficiently mark the waterways so that there can be a reduction in damage to reefs, seagrasses and wetlands. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Artisanal Fishing; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Commercial Fisheries; Contact Uses; Cultural Policies; Culture; Decision Support; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landscape Changes; Physical Damage; Public Administration; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Security; Security & Public Administration Policies; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Trampling; Transportation; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Resources; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Manage Canal Water Quality This management option addresses water quality issues that may arise from nearshore, confined areas, specifically dead-end canals. This management response does not focus on wastewater discharges into canals, but instead on the hydrologic structure and orientation of the canal itself. Physical problems with canal orientation can lead to such problems as low flushing and build-up of weed wrack. This is a problem because the build-up of weed wrack consumes oxygen and releases nutrients as it decays. When combined with low flushing and circulation, dead end canals have decreased oxygen concentrations, accelerated eutrophication, and accumulate organic materials, pollutants and sediment. To improve the current canal system, management can inventory and map canals to identify high risk hotspots and candidates for future canal restoration projects. Canals are typically constructed to best suit the water access needs of local homes and businesses. Preventing high risk canals from being constructed, or placing certain requirements on their construction through permitting is one way to reduce future problem spots. Some design strategies include: Construct non-linear canals without right-angles and flared inlets oriented to prevailing winds. Instead of dead-ends, canals should include a flow through water exchange system or install mechanical pumps. Canals should be as wide as possible in relation to depth and length. Canal depth should be uniform or progressively shallower away from the parent waterbody, with sloping banks (eliminate requirements for navigable depths to shoreline). Some canal improvement strategies include: Implement weed gates, air curtains, and aeration systems. Direct all stormwater and effluent away from canal systems. Reduce bulkheading and restore native vegetative buffers (#1). Promote diversity of substrates and habitats. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Building & Home Construction; Chemical Variables; City Planning; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrologic Management; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscaping & Household Services; Landuse Management; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Damage; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Armoring; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Transportation; Transportation Policies; Utilities; Utility Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Water; Water Depth & Sea Level; Water Resources; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges; Wetland & Reef Restoration; Wetlands
Waterway Management: Waterway Management/Marking Plan Proper waterway markings provide coherent guidance for boats. Clearly-marked waterway exits and entrances reduce the probability of damage to reefs from boat gear damage, boat movement, trampling, and ballast discharge. Waterway marking can be achieved through surveying damage from propeller scarring and vessel groundings, enhancing channel marking aids, assessing the effectiveness of channel marking, and through removing waterway obstructions. "Hotspots" where many incidents have been reported should be considered for further marking, especially those that are in high use areas. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Boat Movement; Boating Activities; Boating Regulations; Contact Uses; Decision Support; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Physical Damage; Resource Use Management; Trampling; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water; Water Transportation
Waterway Management: Collaborate with Projects Changing Water-Flow Other organizations may be performing restorative freshwater projects (Everglades Restoration) or other flow altering projects (e.g. canals for small boats, agricultural irrigation etc) that affect the downstream marine management area (Florida Bay). Projects on the coast that involve hydrologic modifications (such as changing salinity) must be closely monitored in order to protect reef quality. Reefs are very sensitive systems and can only survive in a narrow salinity range. By taking an active role and monitoring freshwater flow projects, management staff can better ensure proper consideration of the impact on coastal marine environments. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. 2010. Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan: 2009 System Status Report.

Collaboration & Partnering; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Decision Support; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Hydrologic Management; Landscape Changes; Point Source Discharges; Public Administration; Salinity; Security & Public Administration Policies; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Transportation; Waterborne Discharges

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
25-Year Permits for Maintenance Dredging in Deepwater Ports; Deepwater Ports Maintenance Dredging and Disposal Manual, 62-045 Florida Administrative Code. 62-45.001 Authority, Intent and Policy. (1) This chapter is promulgated under the authority of Sections 403.061(26) and 403.816(1), F.S. (2) It is the intent of this chapter to establish a permitting system for maintenance dredging in deep water commercial navigation areas of the ports listed in Rule 62-45.020, F.A.C. This chapter incorporates standards and criteria which recognize the present most beneficial use of these waters for deep water commercial navigation. Since the implementation of a comprehensive maintenance dredging management plan is a major factor in determining the adequacy of a long-term maintenance dredging program, it is the further intent of this chapter to give a position of prominence to such a plan within this permit system. (3) It is the policy of the Department to provide a regulatory process which will enable the ports to conduct maintenance dredging in an environmentally sound, expeditious and efficient manner.62-45.020 Scope. (1) The permit system established by this chapter applies only to the ports of Ft. Pierce, Jacksonville, Miami, Palm Beach, Panama City, Pensacola, Port Canaveral, Port Everglades, Port Manatee, Port St. Joe, St. Petersburg, and Tampa. (2) The activities which may be included within a permit issued under this chapter are limited to maintenance dredging and disposal of the maintenance dredged material. (3) Applicants for permits under this chapter are limited to the port authorities or private interests using the port for deep water commercial shipping and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Department shall not issue separate permits to the port authority or private interests and the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers when the responsibility of maintenance dredging or the disposal of the maintenance dredged material from the port is shared by any of the parties. The permit, if issued, shall clearly specify the duties and responsibilities of each party. (4) A permit may be issued for any length of time up to 25 years. There shall be no more than one such permit for each of the ports listed in subsection (1). (5) The area within which work under this permit system may take place is limited to the federally maintained, port authority maintained, or private interest maintained navigation channels, turning basins, or harbor berths associated with deep water commercial navigation and associated dredged material disposal sites. Eligible port maintenance dredging areas are depicted on NOS Charts Nos. 11491 (Port of Jacksonville), 11478 (Port Canaveral), 11475 (Fort Pierce Harbor), 11466 (Port of Palm Beach), 11468 (Port of Miami), 11470 (Port Everglades), 11413 (Tampa Bay, Northern Part), 11414 (Tampa Bay, Southern Part), 11393 (Port St. Joe), 11391 (Panama City), and 11383 (Port of Pensacola) on file with the Department and adopted here by reference. Copies are available at cost upon request from the Office of Beaches and Coastal Systems, 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard, MS 300, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000.

Application to Coral Reefs:Proper, environmentally sound, dredging and disposal of dredged material, as reviewed by permit processers, will limit the amount of sediment and nutrients released to open water. The process will be particularly applicable to coral reefs for the dredging and disposal of Miiami harbor.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters 		Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Large Ships; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Tankers; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment
Environmental resource permitting procedures, 62-343 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (2003). The rule provides the procedural requirements for processing environmental resource permits and obtaining formal determinations of the landward extent of wetlands and surface waters.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requiring permits for projects related to environmental resources will indirectly protect environmental habitats. The permits are related to stormwater managemnt systems including discharges to wetlands. The permit conditions can limit toxics, nutrients and sediment that would be discharged to the environment if the rule were not in place.

Legislative Actions:The rule is procedural and does not have fines or penalties.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Building & Home Construction; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Permitting & Zoning; Point Source Discharges; Ports & Harbors; Road Construction & Maintenance; Seagrasses; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands
Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978, 16 United States Code § 7421. Passed to improve the administration of fish and wildlife programs and amends several earlier laws, including the Refuge Recreation Act, the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act, and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956. It authorizes the Secretary to accept gifts and bequests of real and personal property on behalf of the United States. It also authorizes the use of volunteers on Service projects and appropriations to carry out volunteer programs.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:The Secretaries were authorized to establish, conduct and assist with national training programs for State fish and wildlife enforcement personnel.

Comments:The law provided authority to the Secretaries to enter into law enforcement cooperatives with State and other federal agencies.It expanded the use of fines, penalties and forfeiture funds received under the Endangered Species Act and Lacey Act to include the cost of shipping, storing and disposing of items. 		Secretary of Interior and Secretary of Commerce, administration primarily through US Fish and Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Public Administration; Resource Use Management
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Regulations; Final Rule, Code of Federal Regulations § Parts 922, 929, 937 (1997). NOAA developed the comprehensive Final Management Plan for the FKNMS and issued the Plan on January 30, 1997. Congress and the Governer of Florida were provided a 45-day period to provide certification of unacceptable regulations that needed amendments. NOAA incorporated the certified changes provided and issued the final regulations and management plan for the Sanctuary that went into effect with the publication of the final rule, including waters within the State of Florida in the Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Sanctuary sets aside the coral reef system that is the third largest barrier coral reef in the world. Included in the FKNMS are the Key Largo Marine Sanctuary containing 103 square nautical miles of coral reefs and Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary containing 5.32 square nautical miles of coral reefs. The Act protects the reefs from anchoring directly into the coral formation and taking coral dead or alive. The Act protects mangrove islands and submerged aquatic vegetation, both potential buffers for the reef system against eutrophication and sediment deposition. The Act prohibits oil and hydrocarbon exploration, mining or altering the seabed, restricts large shipping traffic, and restricts the discharge of pollutants, further protecting coral, mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation.

Legislative Actions:The Act requires the preparation of a comprehensive management plan and implementing regulations to protect Sanctuary resources.

Comments:The final rule codifies the Act and further defines boundaries of the Sanctuary as well as providing a list of species protected in the Sanctuary. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs; US Territorial Waters; State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Ballast Discharge; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Cultural Protections; Designate Protected Species; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Finfish Harvest; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Invertebrate Harvest; Invertebrates; Large Ships; Live Collection; Mangroves; Marine Debris; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Recreational Fishing; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Inhabitants; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Small Boats; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 United States Code §§ 4321-4377. Requires analysis, public comment, and reporting for environmental impacts of federal actions. It stipulates the factors to be considered in environmental impact statements, and requires that federal agencies employ an interdisciplinary approach in related decision-making and develop means to ensure unqualified environmental values are given appropriate consideration, along with economic and technical considerations.

Application to Coral Reefs:Requires an Environmental Assessment(EA), and potentially an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) if the project review finds there will be a significant impact. The EIS must detail the environmental impacts of the proposed action, unavoidable adverse environmental impacts, and alternatives to the proposed action. The resulting studies could protect sensitive environmental ecosystems, including coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:The Act potentially could protect coral reefs if the proposed federal project could have a significant impact on the reef.

Comments:The Act is completely procedural; it does not include specific regulations. The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) was created by the Act. CEQ is part of the Executive Office of the President and one of the CEQ directives is to ensure that federal programs comply with NEPA. The puprose of the EIS is to disclose to the public and resource managers the probable long- and short-term impacts of the proposed project as well as consideration of less environmentally damaging alternatives to the recommended course of action. 		Federal agencies

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Biocriteria; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Designated Uses; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Landuse Management; Marine Debris; Microorganisms; Non-point Source Controls; Permitting & Zoning; Physical & Chemical Environment; Physical Variables; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Public Administration; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Reef Life; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Security; Socio-Economic Drivers; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies; Wetlands
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, 33 United States Code § 1252. This law prohibits the discharge of any type of refuse matter in U.S. waters without permission (section 13). In addition, the excavation, fill, or alteration of the course, condition, or capacity of any port, channel, river, or other areas within the limits of this law is prohibited. This law prohibits the construction or alteration of a structure in wetlands of the U.S. (sections 9 and 10). Construction in wetlands and waters of the U.S. requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Application to Coral Reefs:Under section 10, excavation or fill within navigable waters requires approval of the Chief of Engineers and concerns about contaminated sediments with dredge and fill projects in navigable waters is addressed within the permitting process. Indirect protection of coral reefs is offered by the Act and its prohibition of dumping refuse into navigable waters and the process of anaylzing sediment in proposed dredge and fill operations.

Legislative Actions:Violations of the law are punished under section 309 of the Clean Water Act and section 205 of National Fishing Enhancement Act. Fines imposed for violation will not be less than $10,000 per violation or more than $25,000 per violation.

Comments:Many states, including Florida, require additional permits for constuction of docks, piers, wharfs, jetties and other structures in navigable waters and wetlands in addition to the Corps of Engineers permit. Authority to issue permits for discharge of refuse matter under section 13 was modified by the amendments to Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 and established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit process. The Act was initially established to protect interstate commerce in navigable waters. The permit review process involves factors including economics, aethetics, general envitonmental concerns, historical values, water quality, and fish and wildlife impact before project approval is granted. 		US Army Corps of Engineers (COE), and US Coast Guard

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Coastal Development; Coastal Engineering; Construction Codes & Projects; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Landuse Management; Large Ships; Marine Debris; Marine Protected Areas; Oil & Gas Tankers; Permitting & Zoning; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Ports & Harbors; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Transportation Policies; Waste Management Policies
Significant amendments to the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982 include (1) Coastal Barrier Improvement Act of 1990, (2) Coastal Barrier Resources Reauthorization Act of 2000, (3) Coastal Barriers Resources Reauthorization Act of 2005,. (1) Added additional areas along the Great Lakes, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys and the Virgin Islands and established "Otherwise Protected Areas OPAs); (2) amended the guidelines for making recommendations regarding additions to the CBRS and reqired a pilot digital mapping project; (3) reauthorized CBRA and required the submission of the final digital mapping pilot project.

Application to Coral Reefs:Development of coastal barrier islands can cause sedimentation, through runoff and construction activities, that could reach inshore coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:Restricted most federal expenditures and financial assistance that encourage development including federal flood insurance.

Comments:Recognized coastal barriers as essential habitat for many fish, water fowl and other aquatic animals   		U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Beach & Land Formation; Coastal Development; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Forestry; Mangroves; Seagrasses; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection
Surface Water Improvement and Management Act, 62-043 Florida Administrative Code. 62-43.010 Intent. (1) In Section 373.451, F.S., the Surface Water Improvement and Management Act, the Legislature finds and declares that the water quality of many of the surface waters of the state has been degraded or is in danger of being degraded, and that it is the duty of the state through the state�s agencies and subdivisions to enhance the environmental and scenic value of surface waters. (2) Pursuant to Section 373.026(7), F.S., the Department is responsible for the exercise of general supervisory authority over all water management districts. The Department also has the responsibility, under the Surface Water Improvement and Management Act, to establish the criteria for the water management districts� development of their priority surface water lists; to approve the priority lists and management plan schedules; to review and recommend modifications or additions to the plans as needed to ensure consistency with the state water policy and the State Comprehensive Plan; to establish the uniform format for management plans; and to administer the Surface Water Improvement and Management Trust Funds.

Application to Coral Reefs:

Legislative Actions:Te SWIM Trust Fund is no langer available.

Comments:The Legislature finds and declares that the water quality of many of the surface waters of the state has been degraded or is in danger of being degraded, and that it is the duty of the state through the state�s agencies and subdivisions to enhance the environmental and scenic value of surface waters. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:

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