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Coal Mining

Coal Mining

The Mining Industry consists of the operation of mines, quarries, and wells, and the extraction of natural resources, such as solid and liquid minerals and gases, from the earth (NAICS 2007). Coal mining removes coal from the ground, valued for energy production.

CMap

The Mining Industry consists of the operation of mines, quarries, and wells, and the extraction of natural resources, such as solid and liquid minerals and gases, from the earth. Coral is a colonial marine animal consisting of polyps. Deforestation and Devegetation are the removal of trees and plants, including clear-cutting, to provide clear land for farms, roads, homes, buildings, and other infrastructure. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ditching & Soil Disturbance pertains to large-scale changes to the terrestrial landscape through channeling for irrigation, grading for roads & construction, and mining which disrupt and dislodge soil and can lead to sediment runoff into the watershed. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Energy policy & development includes policies and regulations adopted to control the production, distribution, and consumption of energy. Food & energy policies are legislation, restrictions, and guidelines that pertain to sectors that harvest or extract natural resources. The Food and Raw Materials sector includes groups that harvest natural resources from the earth, including agriculture, aquaculture, fishing, forestry, mining, and the oil and gas industry. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Marine products are non-food goods derived from reefs that promote human well-being (e.g, aquarium fish or ornamental resources) and human health (e.g., pharmaceuticals and cosmetics). The Mining Industry consists of the operation of mines, quarries, and wells, and the extraction of natural resources, such as solid and liquid minerals and gases, from the earth. The Mining Industry consists of the operation of mines, quarries, and wells, and the extraction of natural resources, such as solid and liquid minerals and gases, from the earth. Mining policies are specific to where, when, what and how non-living natural resources can be extracted. Non-point source pollution is runoff from diffuse sources that is caused by rainwater moving over and through the ground, carrying pollutants with it and depositing them in coastal waters. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Rock production is the processes by which calcified coral skeletons can be harvested to form rocks and building blocks. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Waterborne discharges include direct and indirect discharges of pollutants into the aquatic environment, including chemicals, nutrients, sediment, and pathogens.

CMap Description

Mining activities often lead to devegetation and soil disturbance that can increase runoff of sediments and toxic chemicals into the physical & chemical environment, and affect survival and growth of reef species. Mining sectors benefit indirectly from ecosystem services that improve the well-being of sectors, such as tourism & recreation, which drive coastal development and the need for mining activities. Energy and mining policies can be enacted to regulate mining activities to reduce erosion or discharge. Landuse management can be applied in permitting and remediation.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Fedorowski, J. 2010. Some peculiar rugose coral taxa from Upper Serpukhovian strata of the Czech Republic. Acta Geologica Polonica 60:165-198. 2010 Coal Mining
Shen, S. Z., M. Y. Zhu, X. D. Wang, G. X. Li, C. Q. Cao, and H. Zhang. 2010. A comparison of the biological, geological events and environmental backgrounds between the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian and Permian-Triassic transitions. Science China-earth Sciences 53:1873-1884. 2010 Global Coal Mining
Sharma, A., H. Kawashima, I. Saito, and T. Takanohashi. 2009. Structural characteristics and gasification reactivity of chars prepared from K2CO3 mixed HyperCoals and coals. Energy and Fuels 23:1888-1895. 2009 Coal Mining
Shul'ga, V. F. and V. V. Ogar. 2009. Organic (coral) buildups in the carboniferous at the southwestern margin of the East European Platform. Lithology and Mineral Resources 44:379-388. 2009 Europe Coal Mining
Alcicek, M. C. and J. H. ten Veen. 2008. The late Early Miocene Aci{dotless}payam piggy-back basin: Refining the last stages of Lycian nappe emplacement in SW Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 208:101-113. 2008 Model Coal Mining; Sediment
Yao, Y.-J., N.-Y. Wu, B. Xia, and R.-S. Wan. 2008. Petroleum geology of the Zengmu basin in the southern South China Sea. Geology in China 35:503-513. 2008 China Coal Mining; Sediment
Bandyopadhyay, S., A. Bahuguna, and S. Sharma. 2007. Development of neural network algorithm to classify coral reefs through satellite data. Pages 7879-7887 in International Astronautical Federation - 58th International Astronautical Congress 2007. 2007 GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coal Mining
Jia, C., B. Li, X. Zhang, and C. Li. 2007. Formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins. Chinese Science Bulletin 52:11-Jan. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; India; China Coal Mining; Sediment
Kang, L., J. Zhang, H. Lian, and M. Luo. 2007. Co-pyrolysis characteristics of coal and natural gas. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 24:508-511. 2007 Coal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Mei, M. X., Y. S. Ma, J. Deng, H. M. Chu, and K. B. Zheng. 2007. Sequence-stratigraphic frameworks and their palaeogeographic patterns for the Permian Lopingian of the Dianqiangui Basin and its adjacent areas of Southwestern China. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 50:869-885. 2007 China GIS & Maps Coal Mining; Sediment; Sponges
Perrings, C. 2007. Future challenges. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:15179-15180. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring Coal Mining
Zhang, G., L. Mi, S. Wu, W. Tao, S. He, and J. Lu. 2007. Deepwater area - The new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea. Shiyou Xuebao/Acta Petrolei Sinica 28:15-21. 2007 China Coal Mining; Water Depth & Sea Level
[No author name available]. 2006. The further adventures of. Pages 44-47 Dredging and Port Construction. 2006 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Coal Mining; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Marine Protected Areas; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Campbell, G. 2006. High resolution aeromagnetic mapping of \loss-of-ground\" features at platinum and coal mines in South Africa". South African Journal of Geology 109:439-458. 2006 South Africa Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Coal Mining; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Stix, G. 2006. A climate repair manual. Scientific American 295:46-49. 2006 Global Climate; Coal Mining; Infrastructural Policies; Infrastructure
Blunt, J., P. Ganza, and D. Moss. 2005. Specialised equipment and mining techniques for narrow vein mining. Pages 225-234 in Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series. 2005 Australia; South Africa Coal Mining; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mining
Mei, M.-X., Y.-S. Ma, J. Deng, H.-M. Chu, Z.-R. Liu, and H. Zhang. 2005. Carboniferous to Permian sequence stratigraphie framework of the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi basin and its adjacent areas and global correlation of third-order sea-level change. Geology in China 32:13-24. 2005 Global; Europe Coal Mining; Sponges
Cosack, C. 2004. Energy supply in the extended European union [Energieversorgung in der erweiterten Europaischen Union]. Gluckauf: Die Fachzeitschrift fur Rohstoff, Bergbau und Energie 140:249-252+206. 2004 Europe; Poland Coal Mining
Pontie, M., A. Lhassani, C. K. Diawara, A. Elana, C. Innocent, D. Aureau, M. Rumeau, J. P. Croue, H. Buisson, and P. Hemery. 2004. Seawater nanofiltration for the elaboration of usable salty waters. Desalination 167:347-355. 2004 France Field Study & Monitoring; Model Coal Mining; Salinity
Kress, N., M. Tom, and E. Spanier. 2002. The use of coal fly ash in concrete for marine artificial reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean: Compressive strength, sessile biota, and chemical composition. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Algae; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Coal Mining; Marine Worms
Wilding, T. A. and M. D. J. Sayer. 2002. The physical and chemical performance of artificial reef blocks made using quarry by-products. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59. 2002 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects
Akgun, F. and H. Sozbilir. 2001. A palynostratigraphic approach to the SW Anatolian molasse basin: Kale-Tavas molasse and Denizli molasse. Geodinamica Acta 14:71-93. 2001 GIS & Maps Coal Mining; Sediment
Cox, R., R. K. Atkinson, B. R. Bear, M. E. Brandriss, C. B. Chokel, J. C. Comstock, E. D. Gutmann, L. B. Interess, T. F. Schildgen, S. J. Teplitzky, and M. P. Willis. 2000. Changes in a fringing reef complex over a thirty-year period: coal loss and lagoon infilling at Mary Creek, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science 66:269-277. 2000 US Virgin Islands Coal Mining; Stony Coral
Wang, H.-F., X.-T. Ji, and Y.-X. Ma. 2000. Ertan formation of the Ertan region, Miyi, Sichuan. Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology 27:23-30. 2000 Coal Mining
Hatcher, A. M. 1998. Epibenthic colonisation patterns on slabs of stabilised coal-waste in Poole Bay, UK. Hydrobiologia 367:153-162. 1998 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Invertebrates; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms
Malinowska, L. 1998. Biostratygraphy of the deposits of the Upper Jurassic of the north-eastern margin of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin [Biostratygrafia utworow jury gornej polnocno-wschodniego obrzezenia Gornoslaskiego Zaglebia Weglowego]. Biuletyn - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 378:131-206. 1998 Coal Mining; Echinoderms; Fish; Marine Worms; Sediment; Sponges
Rehfeld, U. and G. Ernst. 1998. Hydrozoan build-ups of Millepora irregularis sp. nov. and fungiid coral meadows of Cunnolites Alloiteau (Anthozoa) - palaeoecological and palaeoceanographical implications for the Upper Cretaceous of north Cantabria (northern Spain). Facies 125-138. 1998 Spain Coal Mining; Hydrocoral; Sediment; Sponges
Shao, L., P. Zhang, D. Ren, and J. Lei. 1998. Late Permian coal-bearing carbonate successions in southern China: Coal accumulation on carbonate platforms. International Journal of Coal Geology 37:235-256. 1998 China Coal Mining; Mangroves
Vose, F. E. and W. G. Nelson. 1998. An assessment of the use of stabilized coal and oil ash for construction of artificial fishing reefs: Comparison of fishes observed on small ash and concrete reefs. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36:980-988. 1998 Florida Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Piscivorous Fish
Hatcher, A. M. 1997. Comparison of biomass and percentage cover of sessile epibiota on the poole bay artificial reef. Ophelia 47:55-62. 1997 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Sponges
Kholodov, V. N. and R. I. Nedumov. 1996. Problems of the Caucasus paleoland existence during the Oligocene-Miocene time. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 4:181-190. 1996 Coal Mining; Sediment
Ohtsuka, Y. and K. Asami. 1996. Ion-exchanged calcium from calcium carbonate and low-rank coals: High catalytic activity in steam gasification. Energy and Fuels 10:431-435. 1996 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coal Mining
Collins, K. J., A. C. Jensen, A. P. M. Lockwood, and S. J. Lockwood. 1994. Coastal structures, waste materials and fishery enhancement. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1240-1250. 1994 Review Agriculture; Coal Mining; Coastal Defense; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fishing Sector; Sediment; Shoreline Protection; Waste Management Policies
Sampaolo, A. and G. Relini. 1994. Coal ash for artificial habitats in Italy. Bulletin of Marine Science 55:1277-1294. 1994 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Leinfelder, R. and H. Seyfried. 1993. Sea level change: a philosophical approach. Geologische Rundschau 82:159-172. 1993 Global Model Climate; CO2; Coal Mining; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Special Use Permitting; Water Depth & Sea Level
Collins, K. J., A. C. Jensen, and A. P. M. Lockwood. 1992. Stability of a coal waste artificial reef. Chemistry & Ecology 6:79-93. 1992 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Molluscs
Frease, R. A. and J. G. Windsor Jr. 1991. Behaviour of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with stabilized oil and coal ash artificial reef. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22:15-19. 1991 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Bacher Jonathan, R. 1990. Ash is cash. Fly ash applications. Public Works 121:44-45. 1990 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Coal Mining
Dillon, W. P., J. S. Schlee, and K. D. Klitgord. 1988. The development of the continental margin of eastern North America-conjugate continental margin to West Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 7:361-367. 1988 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Coal Mining; Sediment
Reinhardt, J. W. 1988. Uppermost permian reefs and permo-triassic sedimentary facies from the southeastern margin of Sichuan Basin, China. Facies 18:231-287. 1988 China GIS & Maps Climate; Coal Mining; Echinoderms; Salinity; Sediment; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
McKelvey, V. E. 1987. Subsea mineral resources. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1987 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coal Mining; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining
Glikson, M. and J. A. K. Owen. 1986. A New Ireland coal and associated sediments: hydrocarbon generation from pollen exines at low maturation. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 1:221-234. 1986 Coal Mining; Sediment
Ludwig David, F. 1986. Perspectives For Research On Coal-Waste Artificial Reefs. Pages 556-559 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1986 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Anon,. 1985. Coal-Waste Artificial Reef Program. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS. 1985 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Fish; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Anon,. 1985. Proceedings Of The Seventh International Ash Utilization Symposium And Exposition. in United States Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center (Report) DOE/METC. 1985 Field Study & Monitoring Coal Mining; Finfish Harvest; Solid Waste Disposal
Harrington, H. J. and R. J. Korsch. 1985. Late Permian to Cainozoic tectonics of the New England Orogen ( USA). Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 32:181-203. 1985 Australia; Oman; England Field Study & Monitoring Coal Mining; Sediment
Hornibrook, C. A. and J. H. Parker. 1985. Technical Review Of The Energy Authority Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program (C-Warp). Pages 249-268 in Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings. 1985 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coal Mining; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Michaud David, T. and E. Sohns Lyle. 1985. Stabilized Flyash As Artificial Reef Construction Material. Pages 674-682 in United States Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center (Report) DOE/METC. 1985 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Solid Waste Disposal
McInnes, D. B. 1984. Geotechnical Aspects Of Coal Mining Waste Disposal In The Sydney Basin. Pages 461-465 in National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia. 1984 Australia Coal Mining
Brand, U. 1983. Mineralogy and chemistry of the lower Pennsylvanian Kendrick fauna, eastern Kentucky, U.S.A. 3. Diagenetic and paleoenvironmental analysis. Chemical Geology 40:167-181. 1983 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Coal Mining; Echinoderms; Salinity
Parker, J. H., P. M. J. Woodhead, I. W. Duedall, and H. R. Carleton. 1983. Ocean disposal and construction with stabilized coal waste blocks. Water Science and Technology 15:83-95. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Lab Study Coal Mining; Collaboration & Partnering; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Roethel, F. J., I. A. Duedall, and P. M. J. Woodhead. 1983. Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program: Conscience Bay Studies. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS. 1983 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Carleton, H. R., I. W. Duedall, P. M. J. Woodhead, and J. H. Parker. 1982. Coal combustion wastes as material for artificial reef construction. in [No source information available]. 1982 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
PARKER, J. H., P. M. J. WOODHEAD, I. W. DUEDALL, and H. R. CARLETON. 1982. Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program, Phase 4A. Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combus Syst Div Rep EPRI CS. 1982 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Fish; Substrate
Woodhead, P. M. J., J. H. Parker, and I. W. Duedall. 1982. The coal-waste artificial reef program (C-WARP): a new resource potential for fishing reef construction. Marine Fisheries Review 44:16-23. 1982 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining; Finfish Harvest; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Hayward, J. C., E. H. Rothfuss Jr., W. J. Flick, and J. M. Balestrino. 1981. Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program, Phase 3: Volume 3 - Engineering-Economic Evaluation Of Fixed Coal Waste Block Production And Disposal. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS 3. 1981 Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Parker, J. H., P. M. J. Woodhead, and I. W. Duedall. 1981. Coal-waste artificial-reef program, phase 3. Volume 2: comprehensive report ( Long Island, Atlantic). in [No source information available]. 1981 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Parker, J. H., P. M. J. Woodhead, I. W. Duedall, and H. R. Carleton. 1981. Coal waste artificial reef program, phase 3. Volume 1: summary report. Electric Power Research Institute, Coal Combustion Systems Division, (Report) EPRI CS 1. 1981 Review; Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Collins, R. J. 1980. Utilization of fluidized bed combustion wastes. Journal of Testing and Evaluation 8:259-264. 1980 Lab Study Artificial Habitat; Coal Mining
Crane, G., R. A. Elefritz, E. L. Kay, and J. R. Laman. 1978. Scrap tire disposal procedures. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 51:577-599. 1978 Review Coal Mining; Fish; Solid Waste Disposal

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA.

Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Landuse Management: Mine Reclamation Lands disturbed by mining must be reclaimed to their Approximate Original Contour (AOC). Mine operators must backfill, compact, and grade in order to restore the AOC of the land with all highwalls, spoil piles, and depressions eliminated. Spoil material is prone to erosion, and may carry various disturbed toxics into groundwater if not properly managed. Temporary roads and impervious surfaces may have also been constructed for mining purposes. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. POSTMINING LAND USE: Exceptions to Approximate Original Contour Requirements for Mountaintop Removal Operations and steep Slope Mining Operations. Washington, DC.

Chemical Use Regulations; Civil Engineering & Construction; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Decision Support; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Food & Raw Materials; Hydrologic Management; Impervious Surfaces; Infrastructural Policies; Land-Based Civil Engineering; Landscape Changes; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Mitigation; Non-point Source Controls; Non-point Source Runoff; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Political Pressure; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Valuation; Waterborne Discharges
Restoration: Land Reclamation Integrating Toxic Discharge Controls This option aims to eliminate unsightly residues, reduce erosion and control acid or otherwise toxic aqueous discharges from abandoned coal mines, coalmine waste or other types of land change. For toxic mine drainage, preventative actions include mine sealing, infiltration control, day lighting, and neutralization with alkaline material such as hydrated lime. Which action to take relies heavily on groundwater and runoff in the region of the mine. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Aquaculture; Coal Mining; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Ditching & Soil Disturbance; Hydrologic Management; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Mining; Mining Policies; Non-point Source Controls; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Water quality based effluent limitations, 62-650 Florida Administrative Code Annotated (1996). To implement the provisions of Section 403.051, 403.085 through 403.088 concerning the development of effluent limitations for wastewater facilities.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Florida Air and Water Pollution Act establishes that no wastes are to be discharged to any waters of the state without first being given the degree of treatment necessay to protect the beneficial uses of such water. Requiring treatment of industrial and domestic waste water indirectly protects adjoining ecosystem, such as reefs, by limiting the pollutant that reach these other systems.

Legislative Actions:The Department shall not issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state, unless the Department has established an efflent limit for those pollutants in the discharge that are present in quantities or concentrations which can be reasonably expected to cause or contribute, directly or indirectly, to a violation of any water quality standard established in rule 62-302. The effluent limit may be a technology based effluent limit (TBEL), a water quality based effluent limit (WQBEL) determined by a Level 1 process, or where applicable, a WQBEL determined by a Level 2 process.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Applied Chemicals; Building & Home Construction; Cleaner & Solvent Use; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Dam Construction & Maintenance; Domestic Animal Waste; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Irrigation; Landuse Management; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Point Source Discharges; Road Construction & Maintenance; Sediment; Sewage Treatment; Solid Waste Disposal; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Waste Management Policies; Wastewater Discharge; Waterborne Discharges; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products

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