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ReefLink Database

CO2

CO2

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas used by primary producers, such as plants and algae, to produce sugars.

CMap

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas used by primary producers, such as plants and algae, to produce sugars. Algae are aquatic, photosynthetic plant-like organisms and include calcareous macroalgae, fleshy macroalgae, turf algae, and crustose coralline algae. Atmospheric Emissions include discharges of atmospheric pollutants, including mercury, greenhouse gases, nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, and volatile organic compounds from the operation of factories, vehicles, and other sources. Carbon storage and cycling is the ability of an ecosystem to utilize, process, and store carbon. Climate reflects a region's temperature, humidity, air pressure, and weather. Climate regulation is the process by which ecosystems process and store carbon, which can modulate atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Complex habitat and resources reflects the complex architecture of sessile, plant-like organisms, such as octocoral and sponges, which provides shelter and protection for small fish and other invertebrates from predators. Coral is a colonial marine animal consisting of polyps. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Infrastructural sectors provide the physical, organizational, and technical support for the economy to function, including construction, utilities, transportation, finance, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and technical services. An Invertebrate is any animal that lacks a backbone. Ocean acidity reflects the pH of the ocean's surface, and is determined by dissolution rates of atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperatures. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Plankton are any plants or animals that are too small to actively move against ocean currents. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Sea temperature is a measure of the warmth of ocean waters, and depends on water depth, solar radiation, water circulation patterns, and atmospheric temperatures. Shoreline Protection is the attenuation of wave energy by reefs that protects coastal communities against shoreline erosion and flooding during storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis that can cause property damage and loss of life. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Storms and hurricanes are periodic events of high precipitation, winds, wave action, and flooding that can potentially cause damage to reef habitat, property, or human lives. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services. The Transportation Sector involves comprises all modes of transportation (Aviation, Maritime, Mass Transit, Highway, Freight Rail, and Pipeline) The Transportation Systems Sector is segmented into six key subsectors, or modes, which operate independently within both a regulated and non-regulated environment, yet are also highly interdependent. Utilities specialize in providing basic services for public use, including telecommunications, water systems, natural gas, electric power, and waste management. Water depth reflects the height between the bottom of the seafloor and water surface, and is often indicative of distinct ecological communities (shallow water species; deep water species). A wetland is an area of land whose soil is saturated with moisture either permanently or seasonally.

CMap Description

Atmospheric emissions of CO2 contribute to changing climate, rising sea temperatures, and ocean acidification. Sea temperatures can affect the growth, reproduction, and survival of reef species. Pathogen growth and disease outbreaks may be accelerated in warm waters, and extended periods of elevated temperatures are known to cause coral bleaching. Ocean acidity can affect the growth, reproduction, and survival of reef species, particularly stony coral, calcareous macroalgae, crustose coralline algae, crustaceans, mollusks, and bivalves which deposit calcium carbonate during growth to form hard skeletons or shells. Changes in reef condition will impact the availability of ecosystem goods and services, including climate regulation through carbon storage and cycling, and shoreline protection which can ameliorate the damaging effects of storms. Many of the same socio-economic sectors which cause pollution benefit indirectly from goods and services provided by the reef, such as recreational opportunities or essential habitat for fish and other invertebrates. Monitoring and scientific research can be used to track CO2 levels and better understand the consequences for reef life. Discharge limitations, such as point-source controls, can be used to control atmospheric pollution.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
[Anonymous]. 2011. Quantifying the pH 'vital effect' in the temperate zooxanthellate coral Cladocora caespitosa: Validation of the boron seawater pH proxy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 303:163-173. 2011 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Albright, R; Langdon, C. 2011. Ocean acidification impacts multiple early life history processes of the Caribbean coral Porites astreoides. Global Change Biology 17:2478-2487. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Anlauf, H; D'Croz, L; O'Dea, A. 2011. A corrosive concoction: The combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on the early growth of a stony coral are multiplicative. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 397:13-20. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Anthony, K. R. N., J. A. Maynard, G. Diaz-Pulido, P. J. Mumby, P. A. Marshall, L. Coa, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2011. Ocean acidification and warming will lower coral reef resilience. Global Change Biology doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02364.x. 2011 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fleshy Macroalgae; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Anthony, KRN; Kleypas, JA; Gattuso, JP. 2011. Coral reefs modify their seawater carbon chemistry - implications for impacts of ocean acidification. Global Change Biology 17:3655-3666. 2011 Australia Review; Model Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bai, XT; Chen, YC; Chen, WZ; Lei, HP; Shi, GG. 2011. Volatile Constituents, Inorganic Elements and Primary Screening of Bioactivity of Black Coral Cigarette Holders. Marine Drugs 9:863-878. 2011 China CO2; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Beaufort, L; Probert, I; de Garidel-Thoron, T; Bendif, EM; Ruiz-Pino, D; Metzl, N; Goyet, C; Buchet, N; Coupel, P; Grelaud, M; Rost, B; Rickaby, REM; de Vargas, C. 2011. Sensitivity of coccolithophores to carbonate chemistry and ocean acidification. Nature 476:80-83. 2011 CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production
Brading, P; Warner, ME; Davey, P; Smith, DJ; Achterberg, EP; Suggett, DJ. 2011. Differential effects of ocean acidification on growth and photosynthesis among phylotypes of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae). Limnology and Oceanography 56:927-938. 2011 Model CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production
Campbell, JE; Fourqurean, JW. 2011. Novel methodology for in situ carbon dioxide enrichment of benthic ecosystems. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 9:97-109. 2011 Florida Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Ocean Acidity; Seawater Flow
Chauvin, A; Denis, V; Cuet, P. 2011. Is the response of coral calcification to seawater acidification related to nutrient loading? Coral Reefs 30:911-923. 2011 Indian Ocean; Cuba; India Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Zooxanthellae
Connell, SD; Russell, BD; Irving, AD. 2011. Can strong consumer and producer effects be reconciled to better forecast 'catastrophic' phase-shifts in marine ecosystems? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 400:296-301. 2011 Global Model Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Seagrasses; Surface & Groundwater Flow
de Putron, SJ; McCorkle, DC; Cohen, AL; Dillon, AB. 2011. The impact of seawater saturation state and bicarbonate ion concentration on calcification by new recruits of two Atlantic corals. Coral Reefs 30:321-328. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Drupp, P; De Carlo, EH; Mackenzie, FT; Bienfang, P; Sabine, CL. 2011. Nutrient Inputs, Phytoplankton Response, and CO(2) Variations in a Semi-Enclosed Subtropical Embayment, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Aquatic Geochemistry 17:473-498. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Discharges; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fabricius, KE; Langdon, C; Uthicke, S; Humphrey, C; Noonan, S; De'ath, G; Okazaki, R; Muehllehner, N; Glas, MS; Lough, JM. 2011. Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Nature Climate Change 1:165-169. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Stony Coral
Falter, JL; Atkinson, MJ; Schar, DW; Lowe, RJ; Monismith, SG. 2011. Short-term coherency between gross primary production and community respiration in an algal-dominated reef flat. Coral Reefs 30:53-58. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment
Ferrari, MCO; Dixson, DL; Munday, PL; McCormick, MI; Meekan, MG; Sih, A; Chivers, DP. 2011. Intrageneric variation in antipredator responses of coral reef fishes affected by ocean acidification: implications for climate change projections on marine communities. Global Change Biology 17:2980-2986. 2011 Model Climate; CO2; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Small Herbivorous Fish
Ferrari, MCO; McCormick, MI; Munday, PL; Meekan, MG; Dixson, DL; Lonnstedt, O; Chivers, DP. 2011. Putting prey and predator into the CO(2) equation - qualitative and quantitative effects of ocean acidification on predator-prey interactions. Ecology Letters 14:1143-1148. 2011 Climate; CO2; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Small Herbivorous Fish
Findlay, HS; Wood, HL; Kendall, MA; Spicer, JI; Twitchett, RJ; Widdicombe, S. 2011. Comparing the impact of high CO(2) on calcium carbonate structures in different marine organisms. Marine Biology Research 7:565-575. 2011 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Fukuda, S; Suzuki, I; Hama, T; Shiraiwa, Y. 2011. Compensatory response of the unicellular-calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi (Coccolithophoridales, Haptophyta) to ocean acidification. Journal of Oceanography 67:17-25. 2011 Cuba Algae; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting
Glynn, PW. 2011. In Tandem Reef Coral And Cryptic Metazoan Declines And Extinctions. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:767-794. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Panama; India Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Hydrocoral; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Godinot, C; Houlbreque, F; Grover, R; Ferrier-Pages, C. 2011. Coral Uptake of Inorganic Phosphorus and Nitrogen Negatively Affected by Simultaneous Changes in Temperature and pH. PLoS One 6. 2011 Cuba Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Gray, SEC; DeGrandpre, MD; Moore, TS; Martz, TR; Friederich, GE; Johnson, KS. 2011. Applications of in situ pH measurements for inorganic carbon calculations. Marine Chemistry 125:82-90. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Salinity
Helmle, KP; Dodge, RE; Swart, PK; Gledhill, DK; Eakin, CM. 2011. Growth rates of Florida corals from 1937 to 1996 and their response to climate change. Nature Communications 2. 2011 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Hikami, M; Ushie, H; Irie, T; Fujita, K; Kuroyanagi, A; Sakai, K; Nojiri, Y; Suzuki, A; Kawahata, H. 2011. Contrasting calcification responses to ocean acidification between two reef foraminifers harboring different algal symbionts. Geophysical Research Letters 38. 2011 Global Algae; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Coral reef ecosystems and anthropogenic climate change. Regional Environmental Change 11:S215-S237. 2011 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hoeke, RK; Jokiel, PL; Buddemeier, RW; Brainard, RE. 2011. Projected Changes to Growth and Mortality of Hawaiian Corals over the Next 100 Years. PLoS One 6. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hurd, CL; Cornwall, CE; Currie, K; Hepburn, CD; McGraw, CM; Hunter, KA; Boyd, PW. 2011. Metabolically induced pH fluctuations by some coastal calcifiers exceed projected 22nd century ocean acidification: a mechanism for differential susceptibility? Global Change Biology 17:3254-3262. 2011 Global Algae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Sea Urchins; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jiang, ZP; Huang, JC; Dai, MH; Kao, SJ; Hydes, DJ; Chou, WC; Jan, S. 2011. Short-term dynamics of oxygen and carbon in productive nearshore shallow seawater systems off Taiwan: Observations and modeling. Limnology and Oceanography 56:1832-1849. 2011 Taiwan Model CO2; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Jokiel, P. 2011. Ocean acidification and control of reef coral calcification by boundary layer limitation of proton flux. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:639-657. 2011 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Jorry, SJ; Bievre, G. 2011. Integration of sedimentology and ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution imaging of a carbonate platform. Sedimentology 58:1370-1390. 2011 Model CO2; Sediment
Kelly, R. P., M. M. Foley, W. S. Fisher, R. A. Feely, B. S. Halpern, G. G. Waldbusser, and M. R. Caldwell 1. 2011. Mitigating Local Causes of Ocean Acidification with Existing Laws. Science 332:1036-1037. 2011 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Ocean Acidity
Kleypas, JA; Anthony, KRN; Gattuso, JP. 2011. Coral reefs modify their seawater carbon chemistry - case study from a barrier reef (Moorea, French Polynesia). Global Change Biology 17:3667-3678. 2011 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lerman, A; Guidry, M; Andersson, AJ; Mackenzie, FT. 2011. Coastal Ocean Last Glacial Maximum to 2100 CO(2)-Carbonic Acid-Carbonate System: A Modeling Approach. Aquatic Geochemistry 17:749-773. 2011 Global Model CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Lombardi, C; Cocito, S; Gambi, MC; Cisterna, B; Flach, F; Taylor, PD; Keltie, K; Freer, A; Cusack, M. 2011. Effects of ocean acidification on growth, organic tissue and protein profile of the Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata. Aquatic Biology 13:251-262. 2011 CO2; Ocean Acidity
Mackenzie, FT; Andersson, AJ; Arvidson, RS; Guidry, MW; Lerman, A. 2011. Land-sea carbon and nutrient fluxes and coastal ocean CO(2) exchange and acidification: Past, present, and future. Applied Geochemistry 26:S298-S302. 2011 Model CO2; Discharges; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Meron, D; Atias, E; Kruh, LI; Elifantz, H; Minz, D; Fine, M; Banin, E. 2011. The impact of reduced pH on the microbial community of the coral Acropora eurystoma. ISME Journal 5:51-60. 2011 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Microorganisms; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Munday, PL; Gagliano, M; Donelson, JM; Dixson, DL; Thorrold, SR. 2011. Ocean acidification does not affect the early life history development of a tropical marine fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 423:211-221. 2011 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Munday, PL; Hernaman, V; Dixson, DL; Thorrold, SR. 2011. Effect of ocean acidification on otolith development in larvae of a tropical marine fish. Biogeosciences 8:1631-1641. 2011 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Nakamura, M; Ohki, S; Suzuki, A; Sakai, K. 2011. Coral Larvae under Ocean Acidification: Survival, Metabolism, and Metamorphosis. PLoS One 6. 2011 CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Price, NN; Hamilton, SL; Tootell, JS; Smith, JE. 2011. Species-specific consequences of ocean acidification for the calcareous tropical green algae Halimeda. Marine Ecology Progress Series 440:67-78. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Palmyra Atoll Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Retallack, GJ. 2011. Exceptional fossil preservation during CO(2) greenhouse crises? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 307:59-74. 2011 Global; China Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Rixen, T; Ramachandran, P; Lehnhoff, L; Dasbach, D; Gaye, B; Urban, B; Ramachandran, R; Ittekkot, V. 2011. Impact of monsoon-driven surface ocean processes on a coral off Port Blair on the Andaman Islands and their link to North Atlantic climate variations. Global and Planetary Change 75:1-13. 2011 Global; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; India; Thailand Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral
Rodolfo-Metalpa, R; Houlbreque, F; Tambutte, E; Boisson, F; Baggini, C; Patti, FP; Jeffree, R; Fine, M; Foggo, A; Gattuso, JP; Hall-Spencer, JM. 2011. Coral and mollusc resistance to ocean acidification adversely affected by warming. Nature Climate Change 1:308-312. 2011 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Saini, R; Majhi, MC; Kapoor, R; Kumar, R; Kumar, A. 2011. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) utilizing strain database. African Journal of Biotechnology 10:13818-13822. 2011 Global Algae; CO2; Microorganisms
Shamberger, KEF; Feely, RA; Sabine, CL; Atkinson, MJ; DeCarlo, EH; Mackenzie, FT; Drupp, PS; Butterfield, DA. 2011. Calcification and organic production on a Hawaiian coral reef. Marine Chemistry 127:64-75. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Sinutok, S; Hill, R; Doblin, MA; Wuhrer, R; Ralph, PJ. 2011. Warmer more acidic conditions cause decreased productivity and calcification in subtropical coral reef sediment-dwelling calcifiers. Limnology and Oceanography 56:1200-1212. 2011 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral
Sortor, RN; Lund, DC. 2011. No evidence for a deglacial intermediate water Delta(14)C anomaly in the SW Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 310:65-72. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); India; Pacific Ocean CO2; Water Depth & Sea Level
Thresher, RE; Tilbrook, B; Fallon, S; Wilson, NC; Adkins, J. 2011. Effects of chronic low carbonate saturation levels on the distribution, growth and skeletal chemistry of deep-sea corals and other seamount megabenthos. Marine Ecology Progress Series 442:87-99. 2011 Australia; Oman Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Tynan, S; Opdyke, BN. 2011. Effects of lower surface ocean pH upon the stability of shallow water carbonate sediments. Science of the Total Environment 409:1082-1086. 2011 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Veron, J. E. N. 2011. Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: An Emerging Big Picture. Diversity 3:262-274. 2011 Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Watanabe, T; Suzuki, A; Minobe, S; Kawashima, T; Kameo, K; Minoshima, K; Aguilar, YM; Wani, R; Kawahata, H; Sowa, K; Nagai, T; Kase, T. 2011. Permanent El Nino during the Pliocene warm period not supported by coral evidence. Nature 471:209-211. 2011 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean; Philippines Climate; CO2; Salinity
Witt, V; Wild, C; Anthony, KRN; Diaz-Pulido, G; Uthicke, S. 2011. Effects of ocean acidification on microbial community composition of, and oxygen fluxes through, biofilms from the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental Microbiology 13:2976-2989. 2011 Australia; Cuba Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Stony Coral
Yang, WF; Huang, YP; Chen, M; Qiu, YS; Li, HB; Zhang, L. 2011. Carbon and nitrogen cycling in the Zhubi coral reef lagoon of the South China Sea as revealed by (210)Po and (210)Pb. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:905-911. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; China Model CO2; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
A. V. Borges and N. Gypens. 2010. Carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone responds more strongly to eutrophication than to ocean acidification. Limnology and Oceanography 55:346-353. 2010 Model Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Albright, R., B. Mason, M. Miller, and C. Langdon. 2010. Ocean acidification compromises recruitment success of the threatened Caribbean coral Acropora palmata. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Allison, N. and A. A. Finch. 2010. The potential origins and palaeoenvironmental implications of high temporal resolution delta O-18 heterogeneity in coral skeletons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74:5537-5548. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Light; Stony Coral
Baker, D. M., K. L. Webster, and K. Kim. 2010. Caribbean octocorals record changing carbon and nitrogen sources from 1862 to 2005. Global Change Biology 16:2701-2710. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model; Index or Indicator Agriculture; CO2; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Nutrients; Octocoral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bates, N. R., A. Amat, and A. J. Andersson. 2010. Feedbacks and responses of coral calcification on the Bermuda reef system to seasonal changes in biological processes and ocean acidification. Biogeosciences 7:2509-2530. 2010 Bermuda Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Bohnhoff, M., M. D. Zoback, L. Chiaramonte, J. L. Gerst, and N. Gupta. 2010. Seismic detection of CO2 leakage along monitoring wellbores. International Journal Of Greenhouse Gas Control 4:687-697. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring CO2
Bouttes, N., D. Paillard, and D. M. Roche. 2010. Impact of brine-induced stratification on the glacial carbon cycle. Climate of the Past 6:575-589. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Climate; CO2; Salinity; Sediment
Boyd, P. W., R. Strzepek, F. X. Fu, and D. A. Hutchins. 2010. Environmental control of open-ocean phytoplankton groups: Now and in the future. Limnology and Oceanography 55:1353-1376. 2010 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Climate; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton
Byrne, M., M. Ho, E. Wong, N. A. Soars, P. Selvakumaraswamy, H. Shepard-Brennand, S. A. Dworjanyn, and A. R. Davis. 2010. Unshelled abalone and corrupted urchins: development of marine calcifiers in a changing ocean. Proceedings of the Royal Society B doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2404. 2010 Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins
Comeau, S., R. Jeffree, J. L. Teyssie, and J. P. Gattuso. 2010. Response of the Arctic Pteropod Limacina helicina to Projected Future Environmental Conditions. PLoS One 5:e11362. 2010 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Whales & Dolphins
Connell, S. D. and B. D. Russell. 2010. The direct effects of increasing CO2 and temperature on non-calcifying organisms: increasing the potential for phase shifts in kelp forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:1409-1415. 2010 Algae; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity
Crawley, A., D. I. Kline, S. Dunn, K. Anthony, and S. Dove. 2010. The effect of ocean acidification on symbiont photorespiration and productivity in Acropora formosa. Global Change Biology 16:851-863. 2010 CO2; Light; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral
De Bodt, C., N. Van Oostende, J. Harlay, K. Sabbe, and L. Chou. 2010. Individual and interacting effects of pCO(2) and temperature on Emiliania huxleyi calcification: study of the calcite production, the coccolith morphology and the coccosphere size. Biogeosciences 7:1401-1412. 2010 CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Dixson, D. L., P. L. Munday, and G. P. Jones. 2010. Ocean acidification disrupts the innate ability of fish to detect predator olfactory cues. Ecology Letters 13:68-75. 2010 CO2; Fish; Ocean Acidity
Douville, E., M. Paterne, G. Cabioch, P. Louvat, J. Gaillardet, A. Juillet-Leclerc, and L. Ayliffe. 2010. Abrupt sea surface pH change at the end of the Younger Dryas in the central sub-equatorial Pacific inferred from boron isotope abundance in corals (Porites). Biogeosciences 7:2445-2459. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fautin, D., P. Dalton, L. S. Incze, J. A. C. Leong, C. Pautzke, A. Rosenberg, P. Sandifer, G. Sedberry, J. W. Tunnell, I. Abbott, R. E. Brainard, M. Brodeur, L. G. Eldredge, M. Feldman, F. Moretzsohn, P. S. Vroom, M. Wainstein, and N. Wolff. 2010. An Overview of Marine Biodiversity in United States Waters. PLoS One 5:e11914. 2010 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Banks, Credit, & Securities; CO2; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Invasive Species; Shipping, Storage, & Warehousing
Feely, R. A., S. R. Alin, J. Newton, C. L. Sabine, M. Warner, A. Devol, C. Krembs, and C. Maloy. 2010. The combined effects of ocean acidification, mixing, and respiration on pH and carbonate saturation in an urbanized estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 88:442-449. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Frolicher, T. L. and F. Joos. 2010. Reversible and irreversible impacts of greenhouse gas emissions in multi-century projections with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Climate Dynamics 35:1439-1459. 2010 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hallegraeff, G. M. 2010. Ocean Climate Change, Phytoplankton Community Responses, And Harmful Algal Blooms: A Formidable Predictive Challenge. Journal of Phycology 46:220-235. 2010 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Climate; CO2; Fish; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production; Small Herbivorous Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hofmann, G. E. and A. E. Todgham. 2010. Living in the Now: Physiological Mechanisms to Tolerate a Rapidly Changing Environment. Annual Review of Physiology 72:127-145. 2010 Global Review Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hofmann, M. and H. J. Schellnhuber. 2010. Ocean acidification: a millennial challenge. Energy & Environmental Science 3:1883-1896. 2010 Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity
Holcomb, M., D. C. McCorkle, and A. L. Cohen. 2010. Long-term effects of nutrient and CO2 enrichment on the temperate coral Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 386:27-33. 2010 Model CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Jury, C. P., R. F. Whitehead, and A. M. Szmant. 2010. Effects of variations in carbonate chemistry on the calcification rates of Madracis auretenra (= Madracis mirabilis sensu Wells, 1973): bicarbonate concentrations best predict calcification rates. Global Change Biology 16:1632-1644. 2010 Cuba Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Kiessling, W. 2010. Reef expansion during the Triassic: Spread of photosymbiosis balancing climatic cooling. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 290:11-19. 2010 Global Model Climate; CO2; Sponges
Kjaer, K. H., K. Thorup-Kristensen, E. Rosenqvist, and J. M. Aaslyng. 2010. Leaf Carbohydrate Contents and Growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium in Response to Low Night Temperatures and High CO2. European Journal Of Horticultural Science 75:118-122. 2010 CO2
Koopmans, M., D. Martens, and R. H. Wijffels. 2010. Growth Efficiency and Carbon Balance for the Sponge Haliclona oculata. Marine Biotechnology 12:340-349. 2010 CO2; Invertebrates; Sponges
Krief, S., E. J. Hendy, M. Fine, R. Yam, A. Meibom, G. L. Foster, and A. Shemesh. 2010. Physiological and isotopic responses of scleractinian corals to ocean acidification. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74:4988-5001. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Kroeker, K. J., R. L. Kordas, R. N. Crim, and G. G. Singh. 2010. Meta-analysis reveals negative yet variable effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms. Ecology Letters 13:1419-1434. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production
Lee, S., J. H. Park, D. Kwak, and K. Cho. 2010. Coral Mineralization Inspired CaCO3 Deposition via CO2 Sequestration from the Atmosphere. Crystal Growth and Design 10:851-855. 2010 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Stony Coral
Logan, C. A. 2010. A Review of Ocean Acidification and America's Response. Bioscience 60:819-828. 2010 Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity
Manzello, D. P. 2010. Ocean acidification hot spots: Spatiotemporal dynamics of the seawater CO2 system of eastern Pacific coral reefs. Limnology and Oceanography 55:239-248. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; Panama Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Mass, T., A. Genin, U. Shavit, M. Grinstein, and D. Tchernov. 2010. Flow enhances photosynthesis in marine benthic autotrophs by increasing the efflux of oxygen from the organism to the water. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:2527-2531. 2010 Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Seagrasses; Stony Coral
Millero, F. J. and B. R. DiTrolio. 2010. Use of Thermodynamics in Examining the Effects of Ocean Acidification. Elements 6:299-303. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Microorganisms; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Munday, P. L., D. L. Dixson, M. I. McCormick, M. Meekan, M. C. O. Ferrari, and D. P. Chivers. 2010. Replenishment of fish populations is threatened by ocean acidification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:12930-12934. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Ocean Acidity
Nienhuis, S., A. R. Palmer, and C. D. G. Harley. 2010. Elevated CO2 affects shell dissolution rate but not calcification rate in a marine snail. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:2553-2558. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Snails & Conch
O'Donnell, M. J., A. E. Todgham, M. A. Sewell, L. M. Hammond, K. Ruggiero, N. A. Fangue, M. L. Zippay, and G. E. Hofmann. 2010. Ocean acidification alters skeletogenesis and gene expression in larval sea urchins. Marine Ecology Progress Series 398:157-171. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting
Payros, A., V. Pujalte, J. Tosquella, and X. Orue-Etxebarria. 2010. The Eocene storm-dominated foralgal ramp of the western Pyrenees (Urbasa-Andia Formation): An analogue of future shallow-marine carbonate systems? Sedimentary Geology 228:184-204. 2010 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pearlstine, L. G., E. V. Pearlstine, and N. G. Aumen. 2010. A review of the ecological consequences and management implications of climate change for the Everglades. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 29:1510-1526. 2010 Florida Review Climate; CO2; Fish; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Pelejero, C., E. Calvo, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2010. Paleo-perspectives on ocean acidification. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25:332-344. 2010 Review CO2; Ocean Acidity
Ramos, J. B. E., M. N. Muller, and U. Riebesell. 2010. Short-term response of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to an abrupt change in seawater carbon dioxide concentrations. Biogeosciences 7:177-186. 2010 Cuba CO2; Plankton
Rickaby, R. E. M., H. Elderfield, N. Roberts, C. D. Hillenbrand, and A. Mackensen. 2010. Evidence for elevated alkalinity in the glacial Southern Ocean. Paleoceanography 25:PA1209. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Pacific Ocean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Riebesell, U., V. J. Fabry, L. Hansson, and J.-P. Gattuso., editors. 2010. Guide to best practices for ocean acidifi cation research and data reporting. Publications Office of the European Union., Luxembourg. 2010 Europe Review; Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Ocean Acidity
Ries, J. B. 2010. Review: geological and experimental evidence for secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca (calcite-aragonite seas) and its effects on marine biological calcification. Biogeosciences 7:2795-2849. 2010 Global Review; Lab Study Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Sediment
Ries, J. B., A. L. Cohen, and D. C. McCorkle. 2010. A nonlinear calcification response to CO2-induced ocean acidification by the coral Oculina arbuscula. Coral Reefs 29:661-674. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., C. Lombardi, S. Cocito, J. M. Hall-Spencer, and M. C. Gambi. 2010. Effects of ocean acidification and high temperatures on the bryozoan Myriapora truncata at natural CO2 vents. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 31:447-456. 2010 Global Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., S. Martin, C. Ferrier-Pages, and J. P. Gattuso. 2010. Response of the temperate coral Cladocora caespitosa to mid- and long-term exposure to pCO(2) and temperature levels projected for the year 2100 AD. Biogeosciences 7:289-300. 2010 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production
Rogers-Lowery, C. L. 2010. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on growth in newly-settled coral polyps. Integrative And Comparative Biology 50:E150-E150. 2010 CO2
Schumacher, S., F. J. Jorissen, A. Mackensen, A. J. Gooday, and O. Pays. 2010. Ontogenetic effects on stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tests of live (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera from the Pakistan continental margin. Marine Micropaleontology 76:92-103. 2010 CO2; Plankton; Water Depth & Sea Level
Shank, G. C., R. G. Zepp, A. Vahatalo, R. Lee, and E. Bartels. 2010. Photobleaching kinetics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter derived from mangrove leaf litter and floating Sargassum colonies. Marine Chemistry 119:162-171. 2010 Florida CO2; Fleshy Macroalgae; Light; Littering; Mangroves; Seagrasses
Stanley, S. M., J. B. Ries, and L. A. Hardie. 2010. Increased Production Of Calcite And Slower Growth For The Major Sediment-Producing Alga Halimeda As The Mg/Ca Ratio Of Seawater Is Lowered To A "Calcite Sea" Level. Journal of Sedimentary Research 80:6-16. 2010 Lab Study Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment
Sun, G., Y. Zhang, and C. Liu. 2010. Effects of Laser Surface Re-melting on the Microstructure and Hardness of Laser Deposited Co-285+WC Coatings. Lasers In Engineering 20:9-20. 2010 CO2; Substrate
Suwa, R., M. Nakamura, M. Morita, K. Shimada, A. Iguchi, K. Sakai, and A. Suzuki. 2010. Effects of acidified seawater on early life stages of scleractinian corals (Genus Acropora). Fisheries Science 76:93-99. 2010 CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Swart, P. K., L. Greer, B. E. Rosenheim, C. S. Moses, A. J. Waite, A. Winter, R. E. Dodge, and K. Helmle. 2010. The C-13 Suess effect in scleractinian corals mirror changes in the anthropogenic CO2 inventory of the surface oceans. Geophysical Research Letters 37:L05604. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Dominican Republic; Belize; India; Caribbean CO2; Stony Coral
Tang, S. C., S. Vongehr, Y. Wang, L. Chen, and X. K. Meng. 2010. Ethanol-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical properties of coral-like beta-Co(OH)(2) nanostructures. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 183:2166-2173. 2010 CO2
Ushie, H., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, S. Murayama, and M. Inoue. 2010. Enhanced riverine carbon flux from carbonate catchment to the ocean: A comparative hydrogeochemical study on Ishigaki and Iriomote islands, southwestern Japan. Journal Of Geophysical Research-biogeosciences 115:G02017. 2010 Japan Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wang, X., D. X. Wang, R. Z. Gao, and D. H. Sun. 2010. Anthropogenic climate change revealed by coral gray values in the South China Sea. Chinese Science Bulletin 55:1304-1310. 2010 Global; China Climate; CO2
Westphal, H., J. Halfar, and A. Freiwald. 2010. Heterozoan carbonates in subtropical to tropical settings in the present and past. International Journal of Earth Sciences 99:S153-S169. 2010 Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Sediment; Substrate
Andersson, A. J., I. B. Kuffner, F. T. Mackenzie, P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, and A. Tan. 2009. Net Loss of CaCO3 from a subtropical calcifying community due to seawater acidification: mesocosm-scale experimental evidence. Biogeosciences 6:1811-1823. 2009 Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Andersson, A. J., I. B. Kuffner, F. T. MacKenzie, P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, and A. Tan. 2009. Net loss of CaCO3 from coral reef communities due to human induced seawater acidification. Biogeosciences Discussions 6:2163-2182. 2009 Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Bertucci, A., A. Innocenti, D. Zoccola, A. Scozzafava, D. Allemand, S. Tambutte, and C. T. Supuran. 2009. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Inhibition studies of a coral secretory isoform with inorganic anions. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 19:650-653. 2009 CO2; Stony Coral
Bramanti, L., M. Iannelli, and G. Santangelo. 2009. Mathematical modelling for conservation and management of gorgonians corals: youngs and olds, could they coexist? Ecological Modelling 220:2851-2856. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Octocoral; Plankton
Brewer, P. G. and K. Hester. 2009. Ocean acidification and the increasing transparency of the ocean to low-frequency sound. Oceanography 22:86-93. 2009 Global CO2; Military; Ocean Acidity; Whales & Dolphins
Brierley, A. S. and M. J. Kingsford. 2009. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems. Current Biology 19:R602-R614. 2009 Global Review Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Butler, P. G., J. D. Scourse, C. A. Richardson, A. D. Wanamaker Jr., C. L. Bryant, and J. D. Bennell. 2009. Continuous marine radiocarbon reservoir calibration and the 13C Suess effect in the Irish Sea: Results from the first multi-centennial shell-based marine master chronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 279:230-241. 2009 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Bivalves; Climate; CO2; Molluscs
Buxton, L., M. Badger, and P. Ralph. 2009. Effects Of Moderate Heat Stress And Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Concentration On Photosynthesis And Respiration Of Symbiodinium Sp (Dinophyceae) In Culture And In Symbiosis. Journal of Phycology 45:357-365. 2009 Model CO2; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Buxton, L., M. Badger, and P. Ralph. 2009. Effects of moderate heat stress and dissolved inorganic carbon concentration on photosynthesis and respiration of symbiodinium sp. (dinophyceae) in culture and in symbiosis. Journal of Phycology 45:357-365. 2009 Model CO2; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Casareto, B. E., M. P. Niraula, H. Fujimura, and Y. Suzuki. 2009. Effects of carbon dioxide on the coccolithophorid Pleurochrysis carterae in incubation experiments. Aquatic Biology 7:59-70. 2009 Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Nutrients; Plankton
Cheng, X. K., Q. J. He, J. Q. Li, Z. L. Huang, and R. A. Chi. 2009. Control of Pore Size of the Bubble-Template Porous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Microsphere by Adjustable Pressure. Crystal Growth and Design 9:2770-2775. 2009 CO2; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Clark, D., M. Lamare, and M. Barker. 2009. Response of sea urchin pluteus larvae (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) to reduced seawater pH: a comparison among a tropical, temperate, and a polar species. Marine Biology 156:1125-1137. 2009 Lab Study; Index or Indicator CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins
Cohen, A. L. and M. Holcomb. 2009. Why Corals Care About Ocean Acidification: Uncovering the Mechanism. Oceanography 22:118-127. 2009 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cooley, S. R. and S. C. Doney. 2009. Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries. Environmental Research Letters 4:24007. 2009 Review; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fishing Sector; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Climate change and tropical marine agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany 60:2839-2844. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Crabbe, M. J. C. 2009. Modelling effects of geoengineering options in response to climate change and global warming: Implications for coral reefs. Computational Biology and Chemistry 33:415-420. 2009 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review; Model Climate; CO2; Light; Mitigation; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Dai, M. H., Z. M. Lu, W. D. Zhai, B. S. Chen, Z. M. Cao, K. B. Zhou, W. J. Cai, and C. T. A. Chen. 2009. Diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO(2) in contrasting coastal environments. Limnology and Oceanography 54:735-745. 2009 China; Taiwan CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Davoult, D., J. Harlay, and F. Gentil. 2009. Contribution of a Dense Population of the Brittle Star Acrocnida brachiata (Montagu) to the Biogeochemical Fluxes of CO2 in a Temperate Coastal Ecosystem. Estuaries and Coasts 32:1103-1110. 2009 France Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Echinoderms; Seastars
De Carlo, E. H., F. T. Mackenzie, A. J. Andersson, C. L. Sabine, and R. A. Feely. 2009. CO2-carbonate system dynamics in subtropical coastal reef environments under rising atmospheric CO2. Abstracts Of Papers Of The American Chemical Society 237. 2009 CO2
De'ath, G., J. M. Lough, and K. E. Fabricius. 2009. Declining coral calcification on the great barrier reef. Science 323:116-119. 2009 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Stony Coral
Doney, S. C., V. J. Fabry, R.A. Feely, and J. A. Kleypas. 2009. Ocean acidification: the other CO2 problem. Annual Review of Marine Science 1:169-192. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Plankton
Doney, S. C., W. M. Balch, V. J. Fabry, and R. A. Feely. 2009. Ocean acidification: a critical emerging problem for the ocean sciences. Oceanography 22:16-25. 2009 CO2; Ocean Acidity
Donner, S. D. 2009. Coping with commitment: Projected thermal stress on coral reefs under different future scenarios. PLoS One 4. 2009 Global Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Mitigation; Sea Temperatures; Shoreline Protection
Elsig, J., J. Schmitt, D. Leuenberger, R. Schneider, M. Eyer, M. Leuenberger, F. Joos, H. Fischer, and T. F. Stocker. 2009. Stable isotope constraints on Holocene carbon cycle changes from an Antarctic ice core. Nature 461:507-510. 2009 Model CO2; Sediment
Feely, R. A., S. C. Doney, and S. R. Cooley. 2009. Ocean acidification: present conditions and future changes in a high-CO2 world. Oceanography 22:36-47. 2009 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gooding, R. A., C. D. G. Harley, and E. Tang. 2009. Elevated water temperature and carbon dioxide concentration increase the growth of a keystone echinoderm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:9316-9321. 2009 Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Invertebrates; Ocean Acidity; Seastars
Harris, A. C., N. C. White, J. McPhie, S. W. Bull, M. A. Line, R. Skrzeczynski, T. P. Mernagh, and R. M. Tosdal. 2009. Early Archean Hot Springs above Epithermal Veins, North Pole, Western Australia: New Insights from Fluid Inclusion Microanalysis. Economic Geology 104:793-814. 2009 Australia Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hauri, C., N. Gruber, G.-K. Plattner, S. Alin, R. A. Feely, Burke Hales, and P. A. Wheeler. 2009. Ocean acidification in the California Current System. Oceanography 22:60-71. 2009 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Heap, A. D., P. T. Harris, and L. Fountain. 2009. Neritic carbonate for six submerged coral reefs from northern Australia: Implications for Holocene global carbon dioxide. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 283:77-90. 2009 Global; Australia Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae
Hutchins, D. A., M. R. Mulholland, and F. Fu. 2009. Nutrient cycles and marine microbes in a CO2-enriched ocean. Oceanography 22:128-145. 2009 Global Review CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Substrate
Idso, C. D. 2009. CO2, global warming and coral reefs: prospects for the future. Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change and Science and Public Policy Institute. 2009 Global Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Inoue, M., R. Suwa, A. Iguchi, A. Suzuki, H. Kawahata, and K. Sakai. 2009. Assessment of increased CO2 on growth and variation of trace elements of coral polyp skeletons (Genus Acropora). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:A570-A570. 2009 CO2; Stony Coral
Ionescu, D., S. Penno, M. Haimovich, B. Rihtman, A. Goodwin, D. Schwartz, L. Hazanov, M. Chernihovsky, A. F. Post, and A. Oren. 2009. Archaea in the Gulf of Aqaba. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 69:425-438. 2009 CO2; Fish
Kannan, R. and D. A. James. 2009. Effects of climate change on global biodiversity: A review of key literature. Tropical Ecology 50:31-39. 2009 Global; South & Central America Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Pathogens
Kasemann, S. A., D. N. Schmidt, J. Bijma, and G. L. Foster. 2009. In situ boron isotope analysis in marine carbonates and its application for foraminifera and palaeo-pH. Chemical Geology 260:138-147. 2009 CO2
Kumar, S. P., R. P. Roshin, J. Narvekar, P. K. D. Kumar, and E. Vivekanandan. 2009. Response of the Arabian Sea to global warming and associated regional climate shift. Marine Environmental Research 68:217-222. 2009 Global; India Climate; CO2
Kump, L. E., T. J. Bralower, and A. Ridgwell. 2009. Ocean acidification in deep time. Oceanography 22:94-107. 2009 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kuroyanagi, A., H. Kawahata, A. Suzuki, K. Fujita, and T. Irie. 2009. Impacts of ocean acidification on large benthic foraminifers: Results from laboratory experiments. Marine Micropaleontology 73:190-195. 2009 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Lackner, K. S. and S. Brennan. 2009. Envisioning carbon capture and storage: expanded possibilities due to air capture, leakage insurance, and C-14 monitoring. Climatic change 96:357-378. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Infrastructure; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Liu, Y., W. Liu, Z. Peng, Y. Xiao, G. Wei, W. Sun, J. He, G. Liu, and C.-L. Chou. 2009. Instability of seawater pH in the South China Sea during the mid-late Holocene: Evidence from boron isotopic composition of corals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:1264-1272. 2009 China Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Makarow, M., R. Ceulemans, and L. Horn. 2009. Science Policy Briefing: Impacts of Ocean Acidification. 37, European Science Foundation, France. 2009 Global; Europe Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Ocean Acidity
Martin, S. and J. P. Gattuso. 2009. Response of Mediterranean coralline algae to ocean acidification and elevated temperature. Global Change Biology 15:2089-2100. 2009 Global Algae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Light; Ocean Acidity
Millero, F. J., R. Woosley, B. Ditrolio, and J. Waters. 2009. Effect of ocean acidification on the speciation of metals in seawater. Oceanography 22:72-85. 2009 Review CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production
Minhan, D., L. Zhongming, Z. Weidong, C. Baoshan, C. Zhimian, Z. Kuanbo, C. Wei-Jun, and A. C. Chen-Tung. 2009. Diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in contrasting coastal environments. Limnology and Oceanography 54:735-745. 2009 China; Taiwan CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Miyajima, T., Y. Tsuboi, Y. Tanaka, and I. Koike. 2009. Export of inorganic carbon from two Southeast Asian mangrove forests to adjacent estuaries as estimated by the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon. Journal Of Geophysical Research-biogeosciences 114:G01024. 2009 Southeast Asia Model; Index or Indicator CO2; Discharges; Mangroves; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Wetlands
Munday, P. L., D. L. Dixson, J. M. Donelson, G. P. Jones, M. S. Pratchett, G. V. Devitsina, and K. B. Doving. 2009. Ocean acidification impairs olfactory discrimination and homing ability of a marine fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:1848-1852. 2009 Climate; CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Ocean Acidity
Munday, P. L., J. M. Donelson, D. L. Dixson, and G. G. K. Endo. 2009. Effects of ocean acidification on the early life history of a tropical marine fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276:3275-3283. 2009 Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Munday, P. L., N. E. Crawley, and G. E. Nilsson. 2009. Interacting effects of elevated temperature and ocean acidification on the aerobic performance of coral reef fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 388:235-242. 2009 Global; Australia Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Nakamura, T. and T. Nakamori. 2009. Estimation of photosynthesis and calcification rates at a fringing reef by accounting for diurnal variations and the zonation of coral reef communities on reef flat and slope: A case study for the Shiraho reef, Ishigaki Island, southwest Japan. Coral Reefs 28:229-250. 2009 Cuba; Japan CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nelson, W. A. 2009. Calcified macroalgae - critical to coastal ecosystems and vulnerable to change: a review. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:787-801. 2009 Global Review Agriculture; Algae; Aquaculture; CO2; Coastal Development; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Orr, J. C., K. Caldeira, V. Fabry, J.-P. Gattuso, P. Haugan, P. Lehodey, S. Pantoja, H.-O. Portner, U. Riebesell, T. Trull, E. Urban, M. Hood, and W. Broadgate. 2009. Research priorities for understanding ocean acidification: summary from the Second Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World. Oceanography 22:182-189. 2009 Index or Indicator CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies
Oxford Economics. 2009. Valuing the effects of Great Barrier Reef bleaching. 2009 Global; Australia Review Climate; CO2; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Nutrients; Pathogens; Primary Production; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Valuation
Parks, N. 2009. Is regulation on ocean acidification on the horizon? Environmental Science and Technology 6118-6119. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Ocean Acidity; Special Use Permitting
Petkewich, R. 2009. Off-balance ocean. Chemical and Engineering News 87. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Riegl, B., A. Bruckner, S. L. Coles, P. Renaud, and R. E. Dodge. 2009. Coral Reefs Threats and Conservation in an Era of Global Change. Pages 136-186 Year In Ecology And Conservation Biology 2009. 2009 Global; Florida Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Ries, J. B. 2009. Effects of secular variation in seawater Mg/Ca ratio (calcite-aragonite seas) on CaCO3 sediment production by the calcareous algae Halimeda, Penicillus and Udotea- evidence from recent experiments and the geological record. Terra Nova 21:323-339. 2009 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment
Ries, J. B., A. L. Cohn, and D. C. McCorkle. 2009. Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2-induced ocean acidification. Geology 37:1131-1134. 2009 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production
Rockstrom, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. de Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sorlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, and Karlbe. 2009. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity. Ecology and Society 14:32. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Toxics
Rollion-Bard, C., N. Vigier, A. Meibom, D. Blamart, S. Reynaud, R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, S. Martin, and J. P. Gattuso. 2009. Effect of environmental conditions and skeletal ultrastructure on the Li isotopic composition of scleractinian corals. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 286:63-70. 2009 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Stony Coral
Russell, B. D., J. A. I. Thompson, L. J. Falkenberg, and S. D. Connell. 2009. Synergistic effects of climate change and local stressors: CO2 and nutrient-driven change in subtidal rocky habitats. Global Change Biology 15:2153-2162. 2009 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Economic Markets & Policies; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Semesi, I. S., J. Kangwe, and M. Bjork. 2009. Alterations in seawater pH and CO2 affect calcification and photosynthesis in the tropical coralline alga, Hydrolithon sp (Rhodophyta). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 84:337-341. 2009 Indian Ocean; India Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Seagrasses
Shi, Q., M. Zhao, Q. Zhang, K. Yu, T. Chen, S. Li, and H. Wang. 2009. Estimate of carbonate production by scleractinian corals at Luhuitou fringing reef, Sanya, China. Chinese Science Bulletin 54:696-705. 2009 Global; China CO2; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Silverman, J., B. Lazar, L. Cao, K. Caldeira, and J. Erez. 2009. Coral reefs may start dissolving when atmospheric CO2 doubles. Geophysical Research Letters 36. 2009 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model; GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Sisma-Ventura, G., B. Guzner, R. Yam, M. Fine, and A. Shemesh. 2009. The reef builder gastropod Dendropoma petreaum - A proxy of short and long term climatic events in the Eastern Mediterranean. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:4376-4383. 2009 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Smith, A. M. 2009. Bryozoans as southern sentinels of ocean acidification: A major role for a minor phylum. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:475-482. 2009 Global; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Steinacher, M., F. Joos, T. L. Frolicher, G. K. Plattner, and S. C. Doney. 2009. Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Biogeosciences 6:515-533. 2009 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Subach, F. V., V. N. Malashkevich, W. D. Zencheck, H. Xiao, G. S. Filonov, S. C. Almo, and V. V. Verkhusha. 2009. Photoactivation mechanism of PAmCherry based on crystal structures of the protein in the dark and fluorescent states. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:21097-21102. 2009 CO2
Tachikawa, K., L. Vidal, C. Sonzogni, and E. Bard. 2009. Glacial/interglacial sea surface temperature changes in the Southwest Pacific ocean over the past 360 ka. Quaternary Science Reviews 28:1160-1170. 2009 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Climate; CO2; Plankton
Tans, P. 2009. An accounting of the observed increase in oceanic and atmospheric CO2 and an outlook for the future. Oceanography 22:26-35. 2009 CO2; Ocean Acidity
Todgham, A. E. and G. E. Hofmann. 2009. Transcriptomic response of sea urchin larvae Strongylocentrotus purpuratus to CO2-driven seawater acidification. Journal of Experimental Biology 212:2579-2594. 2009 Global Climate; CO2; Invertebrates; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins
Vandeginste, V., R. Swennen, S. A. Gleeson, R. M. Ellam, K. Osadetz, and F. Roure. 2009. Thermochemical sulphate reduction in the Upper Devonian Cairn Formation of the Fairholme carbonate complex (South-West Alberta, Canadian Rockies): Evidence from fluid inclusions and isotopic data. Sedimentology 56:439-460. 2009 CO2; Salinity; Sediment
Veron, J. E. N., O. Hoegh-Guldberg, T. M. Lenton, J. M. Lough, D. O. Obura, P. Pearce-Kelly, C. R. C. Sheppard, M. Spaldin, M. G. Stafford-Smith, and A. D. Rogers. 2009. The coral reef crisis: the critical importance of <350 ppm CO2. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1428-1436. 2009 Global Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Fish; Ocean Acidity; Sea Temperatures
Webster, A. J., P. J. Thorburn, P. C. Roebeling, H. L. Horan, and J. S. Biggs. 2009. The expected impact of climate change on nitrogen losses from wet tropical sugarcane production in the Great Barrier Reef region. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:1159-1164. 2009 Australia Model Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wei, G., M. T. McCulloch, G. Mortimer, W. Deng, and L. Xie. 2009. Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73:2332-2346. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Ocean Acidity; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wooldridge, S. A. 2009. A new conceptual model for the enhanced release of mucus in symbiotic reef corals during 'bleaching' conditions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 396:145-152. 2009 Model Algae; CO2; Zooxanthellae
Wooldridge, S. A. 2009. A new conceptual model for the warm-water breakdown of the coral-algae endosymbiosis. Marine and Freshwater Research 60:483-496. 2009 Model; Index or Indicator Algae; Climate; CO2; Stony Coral; Substrate
Wooldridge, S. A. and T. J. Done. 2009. Improved water quality can ameliorate effects of climate change on corals. Ecological Applications 19:1492-1499. 2009 Global; Australia Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures
Albright, R., B. Mason, and C. Langdon. 2008. Effect of aragonite saturation state on settlement and post-settlement growth of Porites astreoides larvae. Coral Reefs 27:485-490. 2008 Florida Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Aller, R. C., N. E. Blair, and G. J. Brunskill. 2008. Early diagenetic cycling, incineration, and burial of sedimentary organic carbon in the central Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea). Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface 113. 2008 Papua New Guinea CO2; Mangroves; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Andersson, A. J., F. T. Mackenzie, and N. R. Bates. 2008. Life on the margin: Implications of ocean acidification on Mg-calcite, high latitude and cold-water marine calcifiers. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:265-273. 2008 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Anthony, K. R. N., D. I. Kline, G. Diaz-Pulido, S. Dove, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2008. Ocean acidification causes bleaching and productivity loss in coral reef builders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:17442-17446. 2008 Global; Australia Algae; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Light; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Bibby R., S. Widdicombe, H. Parry, J. Spicer, and R. Pipe. 2008. Effects of ocean acidification on the immune response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Aquatic Biology 2:67-74. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Buddemeier, R. W., P. L. Jokiel, K. M. Zimmerman, D. R. Lane, J. M. Carey, G. C. Bohling, and J. A. Martinich. 2008. A modeling tool to evaluate regional coral reef responses to changes in climate and ocean chemistry. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 6:395-411. 2008 South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; CO2
Byrne, R. H. and W. Yao. 2008. Procedures for measurement of carbonate ion concentrations in seawater by direct spectrophotometric observations of Pb(II) complexation. Marine Chemistry 112:128-135. 2008 CO2; Light; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Salinity
Cao, L. and K. Caldeira. 2008. Atmospheric CO2 stabilization and ocean acidification. Geophysical Research Letters 35. 2008 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Clavier, J., L. Chauvaud, P. Cuet, C. Esbelin, P. Frouin, D. Taddei, and G. Thouzeau. 2008. Diel variation of benthic respiration in a coral reef sediment (Reunion Island, Indian Ocean). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 76:369-377. 2008 Indian Ocean; Reunion; India CO2; Primary Production; Sediment
Cooper, T. F., G. De'ath, K. E. Fabricius, and J. M. Lough. 2008. Declining coral calicification in massive Porites in two nearshore regions of the northern Great Barrier Reef. Global Change Biology 14:529-538. 2008 Australia Climate; CO2; Stony Coral
Druffel, E. R. M., L. F. Robinson, S. Griffin, R. B. Halley, J. R. Southon, and J. F. Adkins. 2008. Low reservoir ages for the surface ocean from mid-Holocene Florida corals. Paleoceanography 23. 2008 Florida CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fabry, V. J. 2008. Ocean science: Marine calcifiers in a high-CO2 ocean. Science 320:1020-1022. 2008 CO2; Ocean Acidity
Fabry, V.J., B.A. Seibel, R.A. Feely, and J.C. Orr. 2008. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. Journal of Marine Science 65:414-432. 2008 Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Plankton
Feely, R. A., C. L. Sabine, J. M. Hernandez-Ayon, D. Ianson, and B. Hales. 2008. Evidence for upwelling of corrosive �acidified� water onto the continental shelf. Sciencexpress 3. 2008 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Gibson. T., H. Wanless, J. Klaus, P. Foster-Turley, K. Florini, T. Olson. 2008. Corals and Climate Change: Florida�s Natural Treasures at Risk. Environmental Defense Fund. 2008 Global; Florida Climate; CO2; Commercial Fisheries; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Pathogens; Primary Production; Recreational Fishing; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Gledhill, D. K.,. 2008. Ocean acidification of the greater caribbean region 1996-2006. Journal of Geophysical Research 113:11. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Caribbean Model; Remote Sensing Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Gollety, C., F. Gentil, and D. Davoult. 2008. Secondary production, calcification and CO2 fluxes in the cirripedes Chthamalus montagui and Elminius modestus. Oecologia 155:133-142. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Guinotte, J. M. and V. J. Fabry. 2008. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:320-342. 2008 Review Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Seagrasses
Hall-Spencer, J. M., R. Rodolfo-Metalpa, S. Martin, E. Ransome, M. Fine, S. M. Turner, S. J. Rowley, D. Tedesco, and M.-C. Buia. 2008. Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification. Nature 454:96-99. 2008 CO2; Invasive Species; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hautmann, M., M. J. Benton, and A. Tomasovych. 2008. Catastrophic ocean acidification at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen 249:119-127. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Hofmann, G. E., M. J. O'Donnell, and A. E. Todgham. 2008. Using functional genomics to explore the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying marine organisms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:219-225. 2008 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sea Urchins; Stony Coral
Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. D., P. R. Halloran, R. E. M. Rickaby, I. R. Hall, E. Colmenero-Hidalgo, J. R. Gittins, D. R. H. Green, T. Tyrrell, S. J. Gibbs, P. Von Dassow, E. Rehm, E. V. Armbrust, and K. P. Boessenkool. 2008. Phytoplankton calcification in a high-CO2 world. Science 320:336-340. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Primary Production
Jokiel, P. L., K. S. Rodgers, I. B. Kuffner, A. J. Andersson, E. F. Cox, and F. T. Mackenzie. 2008. Ocean acidification and calcifying reef organisms: A mesocosm investigation. Coral Reefs 27:473-483. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Kintisch, E. and E. Stokstad. 2008. AAAS Annual Meeting: Ocean CO2 studies look beyond coral. Science 319:1029. 2008 CO2
Kuffner, I. B., A. J. Andersson, P. L. Jokiel, K. S. Rodgers, and F. T. MacKenzie. 2008. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geoscience 1:114-117. 2008 Algae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity
Kuhl, M. and L. Polerecky. 2008. Functional and structural imaging of phototrophic microbial communities and symbioses. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 53:99-118. 2008 GIS & Maps CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Primary Production; Sediment
Kurihara, H. 2008. Effects of CO2-driven ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 373:275-284. 2008 Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Echinoderms; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Lough, J. M. 2008. 10th Anniversary Review: A changing climate for coral reefs. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 10:21-29. 2008 Global Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Mitigation
Manzello, D. P., J. A. Kleypas, D. A. Budd, C. M. Eakin, P. W. Glynn, and C. Langdon. 2008. Poorly cemented coral reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific: Possible insights into reef development in a high-CO2 world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:10450-10455. 2008 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Marubini, F., C. Ferrier-Pages, P. Furla, and D. Allemand. 2008. Coral calcification responds to seawater acidification: A working hypothesis towards a physiological mechanism. Coral Reefs 27:491-499. 2008 Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Substrate
Mary, M. and A. D. Woods. 2008. Stromatolites of the Lower Triassic Union Wash Formation, CA: Evidence for continued post-extinction environmental stress in western North America through the Spathian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 261:78-86. 2008 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment
Mayor, D. 2008. Acid oceans. Planet Earth 22-23. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
McConnaughey, T. A. and D. P. Gillikin. 2008. Carbon isotopes in mollusk shell carbonates. Geo-Marine Letters 28:287-299. 2008 Review; Model Algae; Bivalves; CO2; Molluscs; Snails & Conch
McNeil, B. I. and R. J. Matear. 2008. Southern Ocean acidification: A tipping point at 450-ppm atmospheric CO2. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:18860-18864. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton
Michard, G. 2008. Can we explain atmospheric carbon dioxide oscillations during the past 400,000 years? Comptes Rendus - Geoscience 340:483-494. 2008 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment
Mylroie, J. E. 2008. Late Quaternary sea-level position: Evidence from Bahamian carbonate deposition and dissolution cycles. Quaternary International 183:61-75. 2008 Beaches & Nature Parks; CO2; Sediment
O'Driscoll, C. 2008. Turning back the clock on climate change. Chemistry and Industry (London) 14:24-25. 2008 Climate; CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity
Oyamada, K., M. Tsukidate, K. Watanabe, T. Takahashi, T. Isoo, and T. Terawaki. 2008. A field test of porous carbonated blocks used as artificial reef in seaweed beds of Ecklonia cava. Journal of Applied Phycology 20:863-868. 2008 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Artificial Habitat; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Landscape Conservation & Restoration
Pomar, L. and P. Hallock. 2008. Carbonate factories: A conundrum in sedimentary geology. Earth-Science Reviews 87:134-169. 2008 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Roberts, D., W. R. Howard, A. D. Moy, J. L. Roberts, T. W. Trull, S. G. Bray, and R. R. Hopcroft. 2008. Interannual variability of pteropod shell weights in the high-CO 2 Southern Ocean. Biogeosciences Discussions 5:4453-4480. 2008 Lab Study CO2; Molluscs; Sediment
Salisbury, J., M. Green, C. Hunt, and J. Campbell. 2008. Coastal Acidification by Rivers: A Threat to Shellfish? EOS Transactions 89:513-514. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Discharges; Ocean Acidity; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sandvik, H. 2008. Public concern over global warming correlates negatively with national wealth. Climatic change 90:333-341. 2008 Global Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Scheibner, C. and R. P. Speijer. 2008. Late Paleocene-early Eocene Tethyan carbonate platform evolution - A response to long- and short-term paleoclimatic change. Earth-Science Reviews 90:71-102. 2008 Global; Egypt; Spain CO2; Nutrients
Schroder, P., R. Herzig, B. Bojinov, A. Ruttens, E. Nehnevajova, S. Stamatiadis, A. Memon, A. Vassilev, M. Caviezel, and J. Vangronsveld. 2008. Bioenergy to save the world: Producing novel energy plants for growth on abandoned land. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 15:196-204. 2008 Global; Europe Field Study & Monitoring Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Domestic Animal Waste; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Sellwood, B. W. and P. J. Valdes. 2008. Jurassic climates. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 119:17-May. 2008 Model Climate; CO2
Steinacher, M., F. Joos, T. L. Frolicher, G.-K. Plattner, and S. C. Doney. 2008. Imminent ocean acidification projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Biogeosciences Discussions 5:4353-4393. 2008 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tatenuma, K. 2008. A proposal for global reduction method of atmospheric CO2 - Isolation of surplus CO2 from the biosphere and fix it to form an insoluble mineral onto a sea bottom -. Pages 35-43 in TMS Annual Meeting. 2008 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
The Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre. 2008. Position analysis: CO2 emissions and climate change: ocean impacts and adaptation issues. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity
Titlyanov, E. A., S. I. Kiyashko, T. V. Titlyanova, T. L. Kalita, and J. A. Raven. 2008. δ13C and δ15N values in reef corals Porites lutea and P. cylindrica and in their epilithic and endolithic algae. Marine Biology 155:353-361. 2008 Japan Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Van Duyl, F. C., J. Hegeman, A. Hoogstraten, and C. Maier. 2008. Dissolved carbon fixation by sponge-microbe consortia of deep water coral mounds in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 358:137-150. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Cuba CO2; Microorganisms; Plankton; Sponges
Veron, J. E. N. 2008. Mass extinctions and ocean acidification: Biological constraints on geological dilemmas. Coral Reefs 27:459-472. 2008 Review Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Pathogens; Salinity
Walz, P. M., W. J. Kirkwood, E. T. Peltzer, K. C. Hester, and P. G. Brewer. 2008. Creating controlled CO2 perturbation experiments on the seafloor - Development of FOCE techniques. in OCEANS'08 MTS/IEEE Kobe-Techno-Ocean'08 - Voyage toward the Future, OTO'08. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Ocean Acidity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Wilson, M. E. J. 2008. Global and regional influences on equatorial shallow-marine carbonates during the Cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 265:262-274. 2008 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients
Wootton, J. T., C. A. Pfister, and J. D. Forester. 2008. Dynamic patterns and ecological impacts of declining ocean pH in a high-resolution multi-year dataset. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:18848-18853. 2008 Global Model CO2; Ocean Acidity
Yellowlees, D., T. A. V. Rees, and W. Leggat. 2008. Metabolic interactions between algal symbionts and invertebrate hosts. Plant, Cell and Environment 31:679-694. 2008 Global Algae; Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Zeebe, R. E., J. C. Zachos, K. Caldeira, and T. Tyrrell. 2008. Oceans: Carbon emissions and acidification. Science 321:51-52. 2008 Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Zoheir, B. A. 2008. Characteristics and genesis of shear zone-related gold mineralization in Egypt: A case study from the Um El Tuyor mine, south Eastern Desert. Ore Geology Reviews 34:445-470. 2008 Egypt; Sudan Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Salinity; Sediment
Alongi, D. M., L. A. Trott, and J. Pfitzner. 2007. Deposition, mineralization, and storage of carbon and nitrogen in sediments of the far northern and northern Great Barrier Reef shelf. Continental Shelf Research 27:2595-2622. 2007 Australia; Cuba; Europe CO2; Discharges; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage; Water Depth & Sea Level
Andersson, A. J., N. R. Bates, and F. T. Mackenzie. 2007. Dissolution of carbonate sediments under rising pCO2 and ocean acidification: Observations from Devil's Hole, Bermuda. Aquatic Geochemistry 13:237-264. 2007 Global; Bermuda Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Sediment
Bates, N. R. and A. J. Peters. 2007. The contribution of atmospheric acid deposition to ocean acidification in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry 107:547-558. 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Bermuda CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Davies, A. J., J. M. Roberts, and J. Hall-Spencer. 2007. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: Emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biological Conservation 138:299-312. 2007 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Ocean Acidity; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine, and J. R. Christian, editors. 2007. Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp. 2007 CO2
Donner, S. D. and D. Potere. 2007. The inequity of the global threat to coral reefs. Bioscience 57:214-215. 2007 Global Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Pathogens; Sea Temperatures; Waterborne Discharges
Donner, S. D., T. R. Knutson, and M. Oppenheimer. 2007. Model-based assessment of the role of human-induced climate change in the 2005 Caribbean coral bleaching event. 39453. 2007 Global; South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sea Temperatures; Storms & Hurricanes
Duchamp-Alphonse, S., S. Gardin, N. Fiet, A. Bartolini, D. Blamart, and M. Pagel. 2007. Fertilization of the northwestern Tethys (Vocontian basin, SE France) during the Valanginian carbon isotope perturbation: Evidence from calcareous nannofossils and trace element data. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 243:132-151. 2007 Global; France Index or Indicator CO2; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Epstein, S. A. 2007. An attempt to quantify eustatic sea level fluctuations - A geological perspective. Carbonates and Evaporites 22:149-177. 2007 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Australia; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bahamas; Bermuda; Caribbean; France Index or Indicator Climate; CO2; Light; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Fagan, K. E. and F. T. Mackenzie. 2007. Air-sea CO2 exchange in a subtropical estuarine-coral reef system, Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Marine Chemistry 106:174-191. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Plankton; Primary Production; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ghosh, P., J. Eiler, S. E. Campana, and R. F. Feeney. 2007. Calibration of the carbonate 'clumped isotope' paleothermometer for otoliths>. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71:2736-2744. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Fish
Grottoli, A. G. and C. M. Eakin. 2007. A review of modern coral δ18O and Δ14C proxy records. Earth-Science Reviews 81:67-91. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indonesia Review; Model CO2; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Harvey, L. D. D. 2007. Dangerous anthropogenic interference, dangerous climatic change, and harmful climatic change: Non-trivial distinctions with significant policy implications. Climatic change 82:25-Jan. 2007 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., P. J. Mumby, A. J. Hooten, R. S. Steneck, P. Greenfield, E. Gomez, C. D. Harvell, P. F. Sale, A. J. Edwards, K. Caldeira, N. Knowlton, C. M. Eakin, R. Iglesias-Prieto, N. Muthiga, R. H. Bradbury, A. Dubi, and M. E. Hatziolos. 2007. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318:1737-1742. 2007 Global Review Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Ocean Acidity; Shoreline Protection; Tourism & Recreation
House, K. Z., C. H. House, D. P. Schrag, and M. J. Aziz. 2007. Electrochemical acceleration of chemical weathering as an energetically feasible approach to mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Environmental Science and Technology 41:8464-8470. 2007 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Point Source Discharges
Hunter, P. 2007. The impact of CO2. The global rise in the levels of CO2 is good for trees, bad for grasses and terrible for corals. EMBO Reports 8:1104-1106. 2007 Global CO2
Ichikawa, K. 2007. Buffering dissociation/formation reaction of biogenic calcium carbonate. Chemistry - A European Journal 13:10176-10181. 2007 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Levner, E., J. Ganoulis, I. Linkov, and Y. Benayahu. 2007. Multiobjective risk/cost analysis of artificial marine systems using decision trees and fuzzy expert estimations. Pages 161-174 in NATO Security through Science Series C: Environmental Security. 2007 Global Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Finfish Harvest
McGrath, C. 2007. Setting climate change targets to protect the Great Barrier Reef. Environmental and Planning Law Journal 24:182-197. 2007 Global; Australia Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Meissner, K. J. 2007. Younger Dryas: A data to model comparison to constrain the strength of the overturning circulation. Geophysical Research Letters 34. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Climate; CO2; Plankton; Sediment
Nisbet, E. G., N. V. Grassineau, C. J. Howe, P. I. Abell, M. Regelous, and R. E. R. Nisbet. 2007. The age of Rubisco: The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Geobiology 5:311-335. 2007 CO2; Primary Production
Rees, S. A., B. N. Opdyke, P. A. Wilson, and T. J. Henstock. 2007. Significance of Halimeda bioherms to the global carbonate budget based on a geological sediment budget for the Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Coral Reefs 26:177-188. 2007 Global; Australia Model Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Sediment
Sellwood, B. W. and P. J. Valdes. 2007. Mesozoic climates. Geological Society Special Publication 201-224. 2007 Model Climate; CO2
Tokoro, T., A. Watanabe, H. Kayanne, K. Nadaoka, H. Tamura, K. Nozaki, K. Kato, and A. Negishi. 2007. Measurement of air-water CO2 transfer at four coastal sites using a chamber method. Journal of Marine Systems 66:140-149. 2007 Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Treude, T., V. Orphan, K. Knittel, A. Gieseke, C. H. House, and A. Boetius. 2007. Consumption of methane and CO2 by methanotrophic microbial mats from gas seeps of the anoxic Black Sea. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:2271-2283. 2007 Cuba CO2; Microorganisms
Tsai, C.-C., J.-H. Liao, H.-H. Wang, and Z.-Y. Hseu. 2007. Effects of typhoon disturbances on soil microbial activities in an uplifted coral reef tropical forest, Southern Taiwan. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 22:265-279. 2007 Taiwan Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Storms & Hurricanes
Turley, C. M., J. M. Roberts, and J. M. Guinotte. 2007. Corals in deep-water: Will the unseen hand of ocean acidification destroy cold-water ecosystems? Coral Reefs 26:445-448. 2007 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Venn-Watson, S. and S. H. Ridgway. 2007. Big brains and blood glucose: common ground for diabetes mellitus in humans and healthy dolphins. Comparative Medicine 57:390-395. 2007 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model CO2; Whales & Dolphins
[No author name available]. 2006. Drilling & Production - Quick takes: Michigan reef due portable N-CO2 flood. Oil and Gas Journal 104:9-Aug. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients
Abraham, M. 2006. Building a reef of sustainability. Environmental Progress 25:175-176. 2006 Global; Bermuda CO2; Sea Temperatures
Alongi, D. M., J. Pfitzner, and L. A. Trott. 2006. Deposition and cycling of carbon and nitrogen in carbonate mud of the lagoons of Arlington and Sudbury Reefs, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 25:123-143. 2006 Australia; Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment
Asghari, K., A. Al-Dliwe, and N. Mahinpey. 2006. Effect of operational parameters on carbon dioxide storage capacity in a heterogeneous oil reservoir: A case study. Pages 2452-2456 in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2006 Model CO2
Bjorn, L. O. and N. G. A. Ekelund. 2006. Corals and zooxanthellae - A marine partnership [Koraller och zooxantheller - Ett marint partnerskap]. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 100:263-270. 2006 Algae; Climate; CO2; Petroleum Spills; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Doney, S. C. 2006. The dangers of ocean acidification. Scientific American 294:58-65. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
Glasby, G. P. 2006. Drastic reductions in utilizable fossil fuel reserves: An environmental imperative. Environment, Development and Sustainability 8:197-215. 2006 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Climate; CO2
Gravel, M., R. Vago, and M. Tabrizian. 2006. Use of natural coralline biomaterials as reinforcing and gas-forming agent for developing novel hybrid biomatrices: Microarchitectural and mechanical studies. Tissue Engineering 12:589-600. 2006 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Guinotte, J. M., J. Orr, S. Cairns, A. Freiwald, L. Morgan, and R. George. 2006. Will human-induced changes in seawater chemistry alter the distribution of deep-sea scleractinian corals? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4:141-146. 2006 Global Review; Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Stony Coral
Hassan, G. M. and M. A. Sharaf. 2006. Uncertainties in low γ-dose determinations by means of ESR using the biomaterial modern coral reef. Radiation Measurements 41:48-54. 2006 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Jensen, L. T., E. Rosenqvist, and J. M. Aaslyng. 2006. A daylight climate chamber for testing greenhouse climate control strategies and calculating canopy carbon dioxide exchange. HortTechnology 16:191-198. 2006 CO2; Irrigation; Light; Primary Production
Kerut, E. K., S. A. Geraci, C. Falterman, D. Hunter, C. Hanawalt, and T. D. Giles. 2006. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension: clinical diagnosis and indications for revascularization. Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) 8:502-509. 2006 CO2
Kleypas, J. A., R. A. Feely, V. J. Fabry, C. Langdon, C. L. Sabine, and L. L. Robbins. 2006. Impacts of ocean acidification on coral reefs and other marine calcifiers: a guide for future research. 2006 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity
McLeod, E. and R. V. Salm. 2006. Managing mangroves for resilience to climate change. The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. 2006 Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Medina, M., A. G. Collins, T. L. Takaoka, J. V. Kuehl, and J. L. Boore. 2006. Naked corals: Skeleton loss in Scleractinia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:9096-9100. 2006 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Molina Dominguez, L., F. O. Ferrer, and M. I. Lopez. 2006. Coral reefs: Threats and future focusing in over-fishing, aquaculture, and educational programs. Pages 305-312 in WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2006 Global Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Invertebrates; Sponges; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Nellemann, C. and E. Corcoran. 2006. Our precious coasts � Marine pollution, climate change and the resilience of coastal ecosystems. United Nations Environment Programme, GRID, Arendal, Norway. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Discharges; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Infrastructure; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Pathogens; Petroleum Spills; Sediment; Stony Coral; Tourism & Recreation; Waterborne Discharges
Ravindran, J. and C. Raghukumar. 2006. Pink-line syndrome, a physiological crisis in the scleractinian coral Porites lutea. Marine Biology 149:347-356. 2006 Index or Indicator CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Riding, R. 2006. Cyanobacterial calcification, carbon dioxide concentrating mechanisms, and Proterozoic-Cambrian changes in atmospheric composition. Geobiology 4:299-316. 2006 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sediment
Schneider, K. and J. Erez. 2006. The effect of carbonate chemistry on calcification and photosynthesis in the hermatypic coral Acropora eurystoma. Limnology and Oceanography 51:1284-1293. 2006 Lab Study CO2; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Sinclair, D. J. and M. J. Risk. 2006. A numerical model of trace-element coprecipitation in a physicochemical calcification system: Application to coral biomineralization and trace-element 'vital effects'. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70:3855-3868. 2006 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production
Stanley, S. M. 2006. Influence of seawater chemistry on biomineralization throughout phanerozoic time: Paleontological and experimental evidence. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 232:214-236. 2006 Lab Study Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Sponges
Takai, K., M. Miyazaki, T. Nunoura, H. Hirayama, H. Oida, Y. Furushima, and H. Yamamoto. 2006. Sulfurivirga caldicuralii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel microaerobic, thermophilic, thiosulfate-oxidizing chemolithoautotroph, isolated from a shallow marine hydrothermal system occurring in a coral reef, Japan. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56:1921-1929. 2006 Japan CO2; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Tribollet, A., M. J. Atkinson, and C. Langdon. 2006. Effects of elevated pCO2 on epilithic and endolithic metabolism of reef carbonates. Global Change Biology 12:2200-2208. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Algae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Primary Production; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral
Vandeginste, V., R. Swennen, S. A. Gleeson, R. M. Ellam, K. Osadetz, and F. Roure. 2006. Development of secondary porosity in the Fairholme carbonate complex (southwest Alberta, Canada). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 89:394-397. 2006 CO2
Vita-Finzi, C. and F. Leaney. 2006. The direct absorption method of 14C assay-historical perspective and future potential. Quaternary Science Reviews 25:1073-1079. 2006 CO2; Molluscs; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Watanabe, A., H. Kayanne, H. Hata, S. Kudo, K. Nozaki, K. Kato, A. Negishi, Y. Ikeda, and H. Yamano. 2006. Analysis of the seawater CO2 system in the barrier reef-lagoon system of Palau using total alkalinity-dissolved inorganic carbon diagrams. Limnology and Oceanography 51:1614-1628. 2006 Palau CO2; Primary Production; Seawater Flow
Yasuda, N., M. Hamaguchi, M. Sasaki, S. Nagai, M. Saba, and K. Nadaoka. 2006. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences for Crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci and Acanthaster brevispinus. BMC Genomics 7. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Plankton; Seastars
Yates, K. K. and R. B. Halley. 2006. CO32- concentration and pCO2 thresholds for calcification and dissolution on the Molokai reef flat, Hawaii. Biogeosciences 3:357-369. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Substrate
[No author name available]. 2005. Integrated ocean drilling program expedition 307 preliminary report: Modern carbonate mounds: Porcupine drilling. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 307:Jan-58. 2005 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Skeletal Coral
[No author name available]. 2005. News: Acidification of the seas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50:794. 2005 Global CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton
Al-Horani, F. A. 2005. Effects of changing seawater temperature on photosynthesis and calcification in the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis, measured with O2, Ca2+ and pH microsensors. Scientia Marina 69:347-354. 2005 Cuba CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Andersson, A. J., F. T. MacKenzie, and A. Lerman. 2005. Coastal ocean and carbonate systems in the high CO2 world of the anthropocene. American Journal of Science 305:875-918. 2005 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Borges, A. V. 2005. Do we have enough pieces of the jigsaw to integrate CO2 fluxes in the coastal ocean? Estuaries 28:27-Mar. 2005 Global CO2; Mangroves
Fujikawa, T., Y. Manabe, and S. Someya. 2005. Atmosphere controlled sintering of coral sand powders by hot isostatic pressing. Funtai Oyobi Fummatsu Yakin/Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 52:28-34. 2005 Taiwan CO2
Gillikin, D. P., F. De Ridder, H. Ulens, M. Elskens, E. Keppens, W. Baeyens, and F. Dehairs. 2005. Assessing the reproducibility and reliability of estuarine bivalve shells (Saxidomus giganteus) for sea surface temperature reconstruction: Implications for paleoclimate studies. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 228:70-85. 2005 Climate; CO2; Salinity
Gischler, E. and W. Oschmann. 2005. Historical climate variation in Belize (Central America) as recorded in scleractinian coral skeletons. Palaios 20:159-174. 2005 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize GIS & Maps Climate; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Grumet, N. S., P. B. Duffy, M. E. Wickett, K. Caldeira, and R. B. Dunbar. 2005. Intrabasin comparison of surface radiocarbon levels in the Indian Ocean between coral records and three-dimensional global ocean models. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19:17-Jan. 2005 Global; Indian Ocean; Kenya; India Model; Index or Indicator CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Guilderson, T. P., J. E. Cole, and J. R. Southon. 2005. Pre-bomb Δ14C variability and the Suess effect in Cariaco Basin surface waters as recorded in hermatypic corals. Radiocarbon 47:57-65. 2005 CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hallock, P. 2005. Global change and modern coral reefs: New opportunities to understand shallow-water carbonate depositional processes. Sedimentary Geology 175:19-33. 2005 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Finfish Harvest; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Pathogens; Sediment; Sunscreen Use; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Toxics
Hileman, B. 2005. Stark effects from global warming. Chemical and Engineering News 83:47-48. 2005 Global Climate; CO2
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2005. Low coral cover in a high-CO2 world. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 110:11-Jan. 2005 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Sea Temperatures
Ismail, M., T. Kimura, Y. Suzuki, and M. Tsuchiya. 2005. Seasonal and spatial variations of total mass flux around coral reefs in the Southern Ryukyus, Japan. Journal of Oceanography 61:631-644. 2005 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Marine Protected Areas; Mitigation; Nutrients; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kayanne, H., H. Hata, S. Kudo, H. Yamano, A. Watanabe, Y. Ikeda, K. Nozaki, K. Kato, A. Negishi, and H. Saito. 2005. Seasonal and bleaching-induced changes in coral reef metabolism and CO2 flux. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19:11-Jan. 2005 Japan; Palau Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Primary Production
Korte, C., H. W. Kozur, and J. Veizer. 2005. δ13C and δ18O values of Triassic brachiopods and carbonate rocks as proxies for coeval seawater and palaeotemperature. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 226:287-306. 2005 CO2; Salinity; Stony Coral
Langdon, C. and M. J. Atkinson. 2005. Effect of elevated pCO2 on photosynthesis and calcification of corals and interactions with seasonal change in temperature/ irradiance and nutrient enrichment. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 110:16-Jan. 2005 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production
Lindberg, B. and J. Mienert. 2005. Postglacial carbonate production by cold-water corals on the Norwegian shelf and their role in the global carbonate budget. Geology 33:537-540. 2005 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Monbiot, G. 2005. Climate change: A crisis of collective denial? Environmental Law and Management 17:57-61. 2005 Global Apex Fish Predators; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Plankton; Skeletal Coral
Montaggioni, L. F. 2005. History of Indo-Pacific coral reef systems since the last glaciation: Development patterns and controlling factors. Earth-Science Reviews 71:Jan-75. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Pacific Ocean Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Nutrients; Sediment; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Myneni, S. and D. W. Hess. 2005. Post plasma etch residue removal using CO2-based mixtures: Mechanistic considerations. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 152. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Orr, J. C., V. J. Fabry, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, S. C. Doney, R. A. Feely, A. Gnanadesikan, N. Gruber, A. Ishida, F. Joos, R. M. Key, K. Lindsay, E. Maier-Reimer, R. Matear, P. Monfray, A. Mouchet, R. G. Najjar, G.-K. Plattner, K. B. Rodgers, C. L. Sabine, J. L. Sarmiento, R. Schlitzer, R. D. Slater, I. J. Totterdell, M.-F. Weirig, Y. Yamanaka, and A. Yool. 2005. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437:681-686. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pelejero, C., E. Calvo, M. T. McCulloch, J. F. Marshall, M. K. Gagan, J. M. Lough, and B. N. Opdyke. 2005. Ocean Science: Preindustrial to modern interdecadal variability in coral reef pH. Science 309:2204-2207. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Pelley, J. 2005. Global warming's other effects on the oceans. Environmental Science and Technology 39. 2005 Global CO2
Pimenov, N. V. and A. E. Ivanova. 2005. Anaerobic methane oxidation and sulfate reduction in bacterial mats on coral-like carbonate structures in the Black Sea. Microbiology 74:362-370. 2005 Cuba CO2; Microorganisms; Substrate
Portman, C., J. E. Andrews, P. J. Rowe, M. R. Leeder, and J. Hoogewerff. 2005. Submarine-spring controlled calcification and growth of large Rivularia bioherms, Late Pleistocene (MIS 5e), Gulf of Corinth, Greece. Sedimentology 52:441-465. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Microorganisms; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rees, S. A., B. N. Opdyke, P. A. Wilson, and L. K. Fifield. 2005. Coral reef sedimentation on Rodrigues and the Western Indian Ocean and its impact on the carbon cycle. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363:101-120. 2005 Global; Indian Ocean; Mauritius; India Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Water Depth & Sea Level
Renegar, D. A. and B. M. Riegl. 2005. Effect of nutrient enrichment and elevated CO2 partial pressure on growth rate of Atlantic scleractinian coral Acropora cervicornis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 293:69-76. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Lab Study CO2; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Shams El Din, A. M., M. E. El-Dahshan, and R. A. Mohammed. 2005. Scale formation in flash chambers of high-temperature MSF distillers. Desalination 177:241-258. 2005 Review; Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Swart, P. K., A. Szmant, J. W. Porter, R. E. Dodge, J. I. Tougas, and J. R. Southam. 2005. The isotopic composition of respired carbon dioxide in scleractinian corals: Implications for cycling of organic carbon in corals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69:1495-1509. 2005 Florida; Cuba CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Zhang, S.-H. and D.-S. Xiong. 2005. Preparation and characterization of β-tricalcium phosphate porous bioceramic. Nanjing Li Gong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology 29:231-235. 2005 CO2
[No author name available]. 2004. Analysis: Oceans absorbed half of CO2 emissions. Chemical Engineer 758:4. 2004 Global CO2; Molluscs; Plankton
Aller, R. C. and N. E. Blair. 2004. Early diagenetic remineralization of sedimentary organic C in the Gulf of Papua deltaic complex (Papua New Guinea): Net loss of terrestrial C and diagenetic fractionation of C isotopes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68:1815-1825. 2004 Global; Papua New Guinea Model CO2; Mangroves; Plankton; Sediment; Substrate; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Aller, R. C., A. Hannides, C. Heilbrun, and C. Panzeca. 2004. Coupling of early diagenetic processes and sedimentary dynamics in tropical shelf environments: The Gulf of Papua deltaic complex. Continental Shelf Research 24:2455-2486. 2004 Papua New Guinea Index or Indicator Climate; CO2; Mangroves; Sediment
Birkeland, C. 2004. Ratcheting down the coral reefs. Bioscience 54:1021-1027. 2004 Global CO2; Cultural Policies; Finfish Harvest; Pathogens; Sediment
Bostock, H. C., B. N. Opdyke, M. K. Gagan, and L. K. Fifield. 2004. Carbon isotope evidence for changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water circulation and ocean ventilation in the southwest Pacific during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography 19:15-Jan. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia CO2; Plankton; Sediment
Carnell, A. J. H. and M. E. J. Wilson. 2004. Dolomites in SE Asia - Varied origins and implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Geological Society Special Publication 255-300. 2004 Australia; Thailand; Java Review; Model CO2
Epstein, P. R. and C. Rogers, editors. 2004. INSIDE THE GREENHOUSE THE IMPACTS OF CO2 AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE INNER CITY. Center for Health and the Global Environment Harvard Medical School, Boston, (MA, USA). 2004 Climate; CO2; Microorganisms; Pathogens
Feely, R. A., C. L. Sabine, K. Lee, W. Berelson, J. Kleypas, V. J. Fabry, and F. J. Millero. 2004. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305:362-366. 2004 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Goreau, T. J., J. M. Cervino, and R. Pollina. 2004. Increased zooxanthellae numbers and mitotic index in electrically stimulated corals. Symbiosis 37:107-120. 2004 Global; Indonesia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sediment; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Harvey, L. D. D. 2004. Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration: Implications for compliance with the united national framework convention on climate change. Climatic change 63:259-290. 2004 Model Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Depth & Sea Level
Hendee, J. C. 2004. The Effects of Combined Sea Temperature, Light, and Carbon Dioxide on Coral Bleaching, Settlement, and Growth: The First Annual Combined Effects Think Tank to Support CREWS Modeling. NOAA. 2004 South & Central America; Bahamas; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Sea Temperatures
Hotinski, R. M., L. R. Kump, and M. A. Arthur. 2004. The effectiveness of the Paleoproterozoic biological pump: A δ13C gradient from platform carbonates of the Pethei Group (Great Slave Lake Supergroup, NWT). Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 116:539-554. 2004 Global Model CO2; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Joos, F., S. Gerber, I. C. Prentice, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, and P. J. Valdes. 2004. Transient simulations of Holocene atmospheric carbon dioxide and terrestrial carbon since the Last Glacial Maximum. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18. 2004 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Model Climate; CO2; Sediment
Levitin, G., S. Myneni, and D. W. Hess. 2004. Post plasma etch residue removal using CO2-TMAHCO3 mixtures: Comparison of single-phase and two-phase mixtures. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 151. 2004 CO2
Muller, A., M. K. Gagan, and J. M. Lough. 2004. Effect of early marine diagenesis on coral reconstructions of surface-ocean 13C/12C and carbonate saturation state. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18. 2004 Global; Australia Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Marine Protected Areas
Pichler, T. and J. Veizer. 2004. The precipitation of aragonite from shallow-water hydrothermal fluids in a coral reef, Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea. Chemical Geology 207:31-45. 2004 Papua New Guinea Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Skeletal Coral
Pruss, S. B. and D. J. Bottjer. 2004. Late Early Triassic microbial reefs of the western United States: A description and model for their deposition in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 211:127-137. 2004 Global; China Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2
Rau, G. H., K. G. Knauss, W. H. Langer, and K. Caldeira. 2004. CO2 mitigation via accelerated limestone weathering. in ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts. 2004 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Mitigation
Reynaud, S., N. G. Hemming, A. Juillet-Leclerc, and J.-P. Gattuso. 2004. Effect of pCO2 and temperature on the boron isotopic composition of the zooxanthellate coral Acropora sp. Coral Reefs 23:539-546. 2004 CO2; Stony Coral
Sabine, C. L., R. A. Feely, N. Gruber, R. M. Key, K. Lee, J. L. Bullister, R. Wanninkhof, C. S. Wong, D. W. R. Wallace, B. Tilbrook, F. J. Millero, T.-H. Peng, A. Kozyr, T. Ono, and A. F. Rios. 2004. The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Science 305:367-371. 2004 CO2
Sharaf, M. A. and G. M. Hassan. 2004. ESR dosimetric properties of modern coral reef. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 217:603-610. 2004 Egypt CO2
Vecsei, A. and W. H. Berger. 2004. Increase of atmospheric CO2 during deglaciation: Constraints on the coral reef hypothesis from patterns of deposition. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18. 2004 CO2
Walter, A. and S. C. Lambrecht. 2004. Biosphere 2 Center as a unique tool for environmental studies. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 6:267-277. 2004 Global; Columbia Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; CO2; Forestry; Irrigation
Zhang, S.-H., D.-S. Xiong, and C. Cui. 2004. Preparation and properties of β-tricalcium phosphate porous bioceramic. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition) 14:981-986. 2004 CO2
Allen, J. P., M. Nelson, and A. Alling. 2003. The legacy of biosphere 2 for the study of biospherics and closed ecological systems. Advances in Space Research 31:1629-1639. 2003 Global; Columbia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Agriculture; Artificial Habitat; CO2; Nutrients; Pathogens; Toxics; Wastewater Discharge
Andersson, A. J., F. T. Mackenzie, and L. M. Ver. 2003. Solution of shallow-water carbonates: An insignificant buffer against rising atmospheric CO2. Geology 31:513-516. 2003 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Arp, G., A. Reimer, and J. Reitner. 2003. Microbialite formation in seawater of increased alkalinity, Satonda Crater Lake, Indonesia. Journal of Sedimentary Research 73:105-127. 2003 Indonesia Model Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Primary Production; Sediment; Sponges
Banerjee, S., A. Via, S. Joshi, and J. Eklund. 2003. Aqueous cryogenically enhanced post copper CMP cleaning. Pages 329-336 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2003 Cleaner & Solvent Use; CO2
Barker, S., J. A. Higgins, H. Elderfield, I. N. McCave, and J. G. Shepherd. 2003. The future of the carbon cycle: Review, calcification response, ballast and feedback on atmospheric CO2. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 361:1977-1999. 2003 Review; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Caldeira, K. and M. E. Wickett. 2003. Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. Nature 425:365. 2003 CO2
Fallon, S. J., T. P. Guilderson, and K. Caldeira. 2003. Carbon isotope constraints on vertical mixing and air-sea CO2 exchange. Geophysical Research Letters 30. 2003 Vanuatu Model CO2; Sponges
Guilbeau, B. P., F. P. Harry, R. P. Gambrell, F. C. Knopf, and K. M. Dooley. 2003. Algae attachment on carbonated cements in fresh and brackish waters - Preliminary results. Ecological Engineering 20:309-319. 2003 Algae; Artificial Habitat; CO2; Substrate
Guinotte, J. M., R. W. Buddemeier, and J. A. Kleypas. 2003. Future coral reef habitat marginality: Temporal and spatial effects of climate change in the Pacific basin. Coral Reefs 22:551-558. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources
Hughes, L. 2003. Climate change and Australia: Trends, projections and impacts. Austral Ecology 28:423-443. 2003 Global; Australia Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Index or Indicator Climate; CO2; Mangroves; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Hughes, T. P., A. H. Baird, D. R. Bellwood, M. Card, S. R. Connolly, C. Folke, R. Grosberg, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, J. B. C. Jackson, J. Kleypas, J. M. Lough, P. Marshall, M. Nystrom, S. R. Palumbi, J. M. Pandolfi, B. Rosen, J. Roughgarden. 2003. Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. Science 301:929-933. 2003 Global Climate; CO2
Kirkland, D. W. 2003. An explanation for the varves of the Castile evaporites (Upper Permian), Texas and New Mexico, USA. Sedimentology 50:899-920. 2003 South & Central America; Mexico Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Langdon, C., W. S. Broecker, D. E. Hammond, E. Glenn, K. Fitzsimmons, S. G. Nelson, T.-H. Peng, I. Hajdas, and G. Bonani. 2003. Effect of elevated CO2 on the community metabolism of an experimental coral beef. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17:1-Nov. 2003 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Light; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity
Larkum, A. W. D., E.-M.W. Koch, and M. Kuhl. 2003. Diffusive boundary layers and photosynthesis of the epilithic algal community of coral reefs. Marine Biology 142:1073-1082. 2003 Australia CO2; Light; Primary Production; Skeletal Coral
Levitin, G., S. Myneni, and D. W. Hess. 2003. Impact of phase behavior on photoresist removal using CO2 based mixtures. Pages 263-270 in Proceedings - Electrochemical Society. 2003 CO2
Magoshi, J., T. Tanaka, H. Sasaki, M. Kobayashi, Y. Magoshi, H. Tsuda, M. A. Becker, S.-I. Inoue, and K. Ishimaru. 2003. Uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide into silk fiber by silkworms. Biomacromolecules 4:778-782. 2003 Model CO2; Primary Production
Marubini, F., C. Ferrier-Pages, and J.-P. Cuif. 2003. Suppression of skeletal growth in scleractinian corals by decreasing ambient carbonate-ion concentration: A cross-family comparison. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 270:179-184. 2003 CO2; Stony Coral
McConnaughey, T. A. 2003. Sub-equilibrium oxygen-18 and carbon-13 levels in biological carbonates: Carbonate and kinetic models. Coral Reefs 22:316-327. 2003 Review; Model CO2
McGregor, H. V. and M. K. Gagan. 2003. Diagenesis and geochemistry of Porites corals from Papua New Guinea: Implications for paleoclimate reconstruction. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67:2147-2156. 2003 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2
Mydlarz, L. D., R. S. Jacobs, J. Boehnlein, and R. G. Kerr. 2003. Pseudopterosin biosynthesis in Symbiodinium sp., the dinoflagellate symbiont of Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae. Chemistry and Biology 10:1051-1056. 2003 CO2; Octocoral
Reynaud, S., N. Leclercq, S. Romaine-Lioud, C. Ferrier-Pages, J. Jaubert, and J.-P. Gattuso. 2003. Interacting effects of CO2 partial pressure and temperature on photosynthesis and calcification in a scleractinian coral. Global Change Biology 9:1660-1668. 2003 Global CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Ridgwell, A. J., A. J. Watson, M. A. Maslin, and J. O. Kaplan. 2003. Implications of coral reef buildup for the controls on atmospheric CO2 since the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography 18:1-Jul. 2003 Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Sediment
Rollion-Bard, C., D. Blamart, J.-P. Cuif, and A. Juillet-Leclerc. 2003. Microanalysis of C and O isotopes of azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate corals by ion microprobe. Coral Reefs 22:405-415. 2003 CO2; Stony Coral
Suzuki, A. and H. Kawahata. 2003. Carbon budget of coral reef systems: An overview of observations in fringing reefs, barrier reefs and atolls in the Indo-Pacific regions. Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 55:428-444. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean CO2
Winter, A., A. Paul, J. Nyberg, T. Oba, J. Lundberg, D. Schrag, and B. Taggart. 2003. Orbital control of low-latitude seasonality during the Eemian. Geophysical Research Letters 30:1-Dec. 2003 South & Central America; Caribbean Model Climate; CO2
Adkins, J. F., S. Griffin, M. Kashgarian, H. Cheng, E. R. M. Druffel, E. A. Boyle, R. L. Edwards, and C.-C. Shen. 2002. Radiocarbon dating of deep-sea corals. Radiocarbon 44:567-580. 2002 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2
Bates, N. R. 2002. Seasonal variability of the effect of coral reefs on seawater CO2 and air-sea CO2 exchange. Limnology and Oceanography 47:43-52. 2002 Bermuda Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Copper, P. 2002. Reef development at the Frasnian/Famennian mass extinction boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 181:27-65. 2002 Global; Australia; China; Europe Climate; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sponges
Feron, P. H. M. and A. E. Jansen. 2002. CO2 separation with polyolefin membrane contactors and dedicated absorption liquids: Performances and prospects. Separation and Purification Technology 27:231-242. 2002 CO2
Fujimura, H., T. Oomori, Y. Kitada, and T. Maehira. 2002. Carbon dioxide and air-sea CO2 flux in coral reef. Mer 40:99-109. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring CO2
Gagan, M. K., L. K. Ayliffe, B. N. Opdyke, D. Hopley, H. Scott-Gagan, and J. Cowley. 2002. Coral oxygen isotope evidence for recent groundwater fluxes to the Australian Great Barrier Reef. Geophysical Research Letters 29:43-1. 2002 Australia Agriculture; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Discharges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88. 2002 Review Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kayanne, H., H. Hata, K. Nozaki, K. Kato, A. Negishi, H. Saito, H. Yamano, T. Isamu, H. Kimoto, M. Tsuda, F. Akimoto, K. Kawate, and I. Iwata. 2002. Submergible system to measure seawater pCO2 on a shallow sea floor. Marine Technology Society Journal 36:23-28. 2002 Palau CO2; Primary Production; Salinity
Kimoto, H., K. Nozaki, S. Kudo, K. Kato, A. Negishi, and H. Kayanne. 2002. Achieving high time-resolution with a new flow-through type analyzer for total inorganic carbon in seawater. Analytical Sciences 18:247-253. 2002 Japan Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study CO2
Leclercq, N., J.-P. Gattuso, and J. Jaubert. 2002. Primary production, respiration, and calcification of a coral reef mesocosm under increased CO2 partial pressure. Limnology and Oceanography 47:558-564. 2002 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment
Marshall, A. T. and P. L. Clode. 2002. Effect of increased calcium concentration in sea water on calcification and photosynthesis in the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:2107-2113. 2002 Cuba Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
McClanahan, T. R. 2002. The near future of coral reefs. Environmental Conservation 29:460-483. 2002 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Pathogens; Resource Use Management; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Poff, N. L., M. M. Brinson, and J. W. Day. 2002. Aquatic ecosystems & global climate change. 2002 Global Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Fish; Invasive Species; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Scavia, D., J. C. Field, D. F. Boesch, R. W. Buddemeier, V. Burkett, D. R. Cayan, M. Fogarty, M. A. Harwell, R. W. Howarth, C. Mason, D. J. Reed, T. C. Royer, A. H. Sallenger, and J. G. Titus. 2002. Climate change impacts on U.S. coastal and marine ecosystems. Estuaries 25:149-164. 2002 Global Review Climate; CO2; Coastal Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Invasive Species; Nutrients; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Stanley, S. M., J. B. Ries, and L. A. Hardie. 2002. Low-magnesium calcite produced by coralline algae in seawater of late cretaceous composition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99:15323-15326. 2002 Algae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Primary Production
Stephens, N. P. and D. Y. Sumner. 2002. Renalcids as fossilized biofilm clusters. Palaios 17:225-236. 2002 Australia Lab Study; Model Algae; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Sediment
Weidlich, O. 2002. Permian reefs re-examined: Extrinsic control mechanisms of gradual and abrupt changes during 40 my of reef evolution. Geobios 35:287-294. 2002 Global CO2; Water Depth & Sea Level
[No author name available]. 2001. WWF calls for more action on global warning. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:253. 2001 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Mangroves
Alexander, I., M. S. Andres, C. J. R. Braithwaite, J. C. Braga, M. J. Cooper, P. J. Davies, H. Elderfield, M. A. Gilmour, R. L. F. Kay, D. Kroon, J. A. McKenzie, L. F. Montaggioni, A. Skinner, R. Thompson, C. Vasconcelos, J. Webster, and P. A. Wilson. 2001. New constraints on the origin of the Australian Great Barrier Reef: Results from an international project of deep coring. Geology 29:483-486. 2001 Global; Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Bates, N. R., L. Samuels, and L. Merlivat. 2001. Biogeochemical and physical factors influencing seawater fCO2 and air-sea CO2 exchange on the Bermuda coral reef. Limnology and Oceanography 46:833-846. 2001 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Buddemeier, R. W. 2001. Is it time to give up? Bulletin of Marine Science 69:317-326. 2001 Climate; CO2
Druffel, E. R. M., S. Griffin, T. P. Guilderson, M. Kashgarian, J. Southon, and D. P. Schrag. 2001. Changes of subtropical North Pacific radiocarbon and correlation with climate variability. Radiocarbon 43:15-25. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Climate; CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Fitt, W. K. and C. B. Cook. 2001. Photoacclimation and the effect of the symbiotic environment on the photosynthetic response of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the tropical marine hydroid Myrionema amboinense. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 256:15-31. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; CO2; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Goldstein, S. J., D. W. Lea, S. Chakraborty, M. Kashgarian, and M. T. Murrell. 2001. Uranium-series and radiocarbon geochronology of deep-sea corals: Implications for Southern Ocean ventilation rates and the oceanic carbon cycle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 193:167-182. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) CO2; Plankton
Holst, G., U. Franke, and B. Grunwald. 2001. Transparent oxygen optodes in environmental applications at fine scale as measured by luminescence lifetime imaging. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4576:138-148. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Stony Coral
Kleypas, J. A., R. W. Buddemeier, and J.-P. Gattuso. 2001. The future of Coral reefs in an age of global change. International Journal of Earth Sciences 90:426-437. 2001 Global Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Li, Q. X., A. E. Karu, K. Li, and S. Thomas. 2001. Refinement of Immunochemical Methods for Environmental Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Pages 379-396 in ACS Symposium Series. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Index or Indicator CO2; Remediation; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Marchenko, V. M., V. V. Koltashev, S. V. Lavrishchev, D. I. Murin, and V. G. Plotnichenko. 2001. Laser distillation of SiOx, x ≈ 1. Laser Physics 11:330-335. 2001 CO2
Marubini, F., H. Barnett, C. Langdon, and M. J. Atkinson. 2001. Dependence of calcification on light and carbonate ion concentration for the hermatypic coral Porites compressa. Marine Ecology Progress Series 220:153-162. 2001 Global Lab Study Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Mecozzi, M., E. Pietrantonio, M. Amici, and G. Romanelli. 2001. Determination of carbonate in marine solid samples by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Analyst 126:144-146. 2001 CO2; Sediment
Nawaratne, S. W. and C. B. Dissanayake. 2001. Gold Occurrences in Madagascar, South India and Sri Lanka: Significance of a Possible Pan-African Event. Gondwana Research 4:367-375. 2001 Madagascar; Sri Lanka; India CO2; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pache, M., J. Reitner, and G. Arp. 2001. Geochemical evidence for the formation of a large miocene \Travertine\" mound at a sublacustrine spring in a soda lake (Wellerstein Castle Rock, Nordlinger Ries, Germany)". Facies 211-230. 2001 Germany CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Reynaud-Vaganay, S., A. Juillet-Leclerc, J. Jaubert, and J.-P. Gattuso. 2001. Effect of light on skeletal δ13C and δ18O, and interaction with photosynthesis, respiration and calcification in two zooxanthellate scleractinian corals. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175:393-404. 2001 Lab Study; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Small, A. M. and W. H. Adey. 2001. Reef corals, zooxanthellae and free-living algae: A microcosm study that demonstrates synergy between calcification and primary production. Ecological Engineering 16:443-457. 2001 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Strzelczak, G., G. Vanhaelewyn, W. Stachowicz, E. Goovaerts, F. Callens, and J. Michalik. 2001. Multifrequency EPR study of carbonate- and sulfate-derived radicals produced by radiation in shells and corallite. Radiation Research 155:619-624. 2001 CO2; Molluscs
Suzuki, A., H. Kawahata, T. Ayukai, and K. Goto. 2001. The oceanic CO2 system and carbon budget in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Geophysical Research Letters 28:1243-1246. 2001 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Trichet, J., C. Defarge, J. Tribble, G. Tribble, and F. Sansone. 2001. Christmas Island lagoonal lakes, models for the deposition of carbonate-evaporite-organic laminated sediments. Sedimentary Geology 140:177-189. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii; Kiribati Model CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Salinity; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes
Versteeg, G. F., P. S. Kumar, J. A. Hogendoorn, and P. H. M. Feron. 2001. New absorption liquids for the removal of CO2 from dilute gas streams using membrane contactors. Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 73:769-770. 2001 Model CO2
Wilson, P. A. and R. D. Norris. 2001. Warm tropical ocean surface and global anoxia during the mid-Cretaceous period. Nature 412:425-429. 2001 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Review Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Bourge, I. and M. Frankignoulle. 2000. Calcification does not stimulate photosynthesis in the zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. Limnology and Oceanography 45:246-250. 2000 Cuba CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Broccoli, A. J. 2000. Tropical cooling at the last glacial maximum: An atmosphere-mixed layer ocean model simulation. Journal of Climate 13:951-976. 2000 Global Model Climate; CO2; Microorganisms; Plankton; Water Depth & Sea Level
Crowley, T. J. 2000. CLIMAP SSTs re-revisited. Climate Dynamics 16:241-255. 2000 Review Climate; CO2
de Beer, D., M. Kuhl, N. Stambler, and L. Vaki. 2000. A microsensor study of light enhanced ca2+ uptake and photosynthesis in the reef-building hermatypic coral Favia sp. Marine Ecology Progress Series 194:75-85. 2000 CO2; Primary Production
Furla, P., I. Galgani, I. Durand, and D. Allemand. 2000. Sources and mechanisms of inorganic carbon transport for coral calcification and photosynthesis. Journal of Experimental Biology 203:3445-3457. 2000 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Gagan, M. K., L. K. Ayliffe, J. W. Beck, J. E. Cole, E. R. M. Druffel, R. B. Dunbar, and D. P. Schrag. 2000. New views of tropical paleoclimates from corals. Quaternary Science Reviews 19:45-64. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Model Climate; CO2; Sea Temperatures; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hallock, P. 2000. Symbiont-bearing foraminifera: Harbingers of global change? Micropaleontology 46:95-104. 2000 Global CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Light; Nutrients; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Henderson, G. M. and N. C. Slowey. 2000. Evidence from U-Th dating against Northern Hemisphere forcing of the penultimate deglaciation. Nature 404:61-66. 2000 Bahamas Climate; CO2; Sediment
Kawahata, H., A. Suzuki, T. Ayukai, and K. Goto. 2000. Distribution of the fugacity of carbon dioxide in the surface seawater of the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Chemistry 72:257-272. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Palau Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kawahata, H., I. Yukino, and A. Suzuki. 2000. Terrestrial influences on the Shiraho fringing reef, Ishigaki Island, Japan: High carbon input relative to phosphate. Coral Reefs 19:172-178. 2000 Japan CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kiessling, W., E. Flugel, and J. Golonka. 2000. Fluctuations in the carbonate production of Phanerozoic reefs. Geological Society Special Publication 191-215. 2000 Global CO2; Nutrients; Water Depth & Sea Level
Langdon, C., T. Takahashi, C. Sweeney, D. Chipman, J. Goddard, F. Marubini, H. Aceves, H. Barnett, and M. J. Atkinson. 2000. Effect of calcium carbonate saturation state on the calcification rate of an experimental coral reef. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 14:639-654. 2000 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Variables; CO2; Nutrients; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Leclercq, N., J.-P. Gattuso, and J. Jaubert. 2000. CO2 partial pressure controls the calcification rate of a coral community. Global Change Biology 6:329-334. 2000 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Coralline Algae; Echinoderms; Stony Coral
Leggat, W., T. A. V. Rees, and D. Yellowlees. 2000. Meeting the photosynthetic demand for inorganic carbon in an alga-invertebrate association: Preferential use of CO2 by symbionts in the giant clam Tridacna gigas. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 267:523-529. 2000 CO2; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
McConnaughey, T. A., W. H. Adey, and A. M. Small. 2000. Community and environmental influences on reef coral calcification. Limnology and Oceanography 45:1667-1671. 2000 Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production
Montaggioni, L. F. 2000. The reef phenomenon: Geological aspects [Le phenomene recifal: Aspects geologiques]. Oceanis 26:147-266. 2000 Global Index or Indicator CO2; Nutrients; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Morri, C., D. Vafidis, A. Peirano, C. C. Chintiroglou, and C. N. Bianchi. 2000. Anthozoa from a subtidal hydrothermal area of Milos Island (Aegean Sea), with notes on the construction potential of the scleractinian coral Madracis pharensis. Italian Journal of Zoology 67:319-325. 2000 CO2; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Ottosen, C.-O. and J. Mentz. 2000. Biomass accumulation and photosynthesis of ornamentals in elevated CO2 conditions. Gartenbauwissenschaft 65:35-39. 2000 CO2; Primary Production
Pichler, T., J. M. Heikoop, M. J. Risk, J. Veizer, and I. L. Campbell. 2000. Hydrothermal effects on isotope and trace element records in modern Reef Corals: A study of porites lobata from Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea. Palaios 15:225-234. 2000 Papua New Guinea CO2; Discharges; Stony Coral
Riding, R. 2000. Microbial carbonates: The geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms. Sedimentology 47:179-214. 2000 Algae; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Invertebrates; Microorganisms; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Plankton; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Riebesell, U., I. Zondervan, B. Rost, P. D. Tortell, R. E. Zeebe, and F. M. M. Morel. 2000. Reduced calcifcation of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2. Nature 407:364-367. 2000 Cuba Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Sediment
Riebesell, U., I. Zondervan, B. Rost, P. D. Tortell, R. E. Zeebe, and F. M. M. Morel. 2000. Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2. Nature 407:364-366. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba; Pacific Ocean Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Plankton; Sediment
Thomas, S. D. and Q. X. Li. 2000. Immunoaffinity chromatography for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in corals. Environmental Science and Technology 34:2649-2654. 2000 CO2; Stony Coral
Titlyanov, E., K. Bil', I. Fomina, T. Titlyanova, V. Leletkin, N. Eden, A. Malkin, and Z. Dubinsky. 2000. Effects of dissolved ammonium addition and host feeding with Artemia salina on photoacclimation of the hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata. Marine Biology 137:463-472. 2000 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study CO2; Light; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
[No author name available]. 1999. Coral Carbonic Frisian shipyard Welgelegen completes liquefied CO2 carrier for Anthony Veder. HSB International 48:27-31. 1999 CO2; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Adams, J. M. and W. M. Post. 1999. A preliminary estimate of changing calcrete carbon storage on land since the Last Glacial Maximum. Global and Planetary Change 20:243-256. 1999 Global Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; CO2; Sediment
Arp, G., A. Reimer, and J. Reitner. 1999. Calcification in cyanobacterial biofilms of alkaline salt lakes. European Journal of Phycology 34:393-403. 1999 China; Indonesia Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms
Atkinson, M. J., H. Barnett, H. Aceves, C. Langdon, S. J. Carpenter, T. McConnaughey, E. Hochberg, M. Smith, and B. D. V. Marino. 1999. The Biosphere 2 coral reef biome. Ecological Engineering 13:147-171. 1999 Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Fish; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Nutrients; Plankton; Salinity; Sponges
Done T.J. 1999. Coral community adaptability to environmental change at the scales of regions, reefs and reef zones. American Zoologist 39:66-79. 1999 Global Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Fish; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sponges; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Druffel, E. R. M. and S. Griffin. 1999. Variability of surface ocean radiocarbon and stable isotopes in the southwestern Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans 104:23607-23613. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia CO2; Salinity
Fan, D., J. R. Hein, and J. Ye. 1999. Ordovician reef-hosted Jiaodingshan Mn-Co deposit and Dawashan Mn deposit, Sichuan Province, China. Ore Geology Reviews 15:135-151. 1999 China CO2; Microorganisms
Gattuso, J.-P., D. Allemand, and M. Frankignoulle. 1999. Photosynthesis and calcification at cellular, organismal and community levels in coral reefs: A review on interactions and control by carbonate chemistry. American Zoologist 39:160-183. 1999 Global Review Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Gattuso, J.-P., M. Frankignoulle, and S. V. Smith. 1999. Measurement of community metabolism and significance in the coral reef CO2 source-sink debate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96:13017-13022. 1999 CO2; Primary Production
Iryu, Y. and T. Yamada. 1999. Biogeochemical contrasts between mid-Cretaceous carbonate platforms and Cenozoic reefs. Island Arc 8:475-490. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; CO2; Coralline Algae; Sediment
Jenkyns, H. C. and P. A. Wilson. 1999. Stratigraphy, paleoceanography, and evolution of Cretaceous Pacific guyots: Relics from a greenhouse Earth. American Journal of Science 299:341-392. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Oman CO2; Nutrients; Plankton; Sediment
Kawahata, H., A. Suzuki, and K. Goto. 1999. Coral reefs as sources of atmospheric CO2 - Spatial distribution of PCO2 in Majuro Atoll. Geochemical Journal 33:295-303. 1999 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production
Kazmierczak, J. and Y. Iryu. 1999. Cyanobacterial origin of microcrystalline cements from Pleistocene rhodoliths and coralline algal crusts of Okierabu-jima, Japan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 44:117-130. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms
Kershaw, S., T. Zhang, and G. Lan. 1999. A ?microbialite carbonate crust at the Permian-triassic boundary in South China, and its palaeoenvironmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 146:18-Jan. 1999 China CO2; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kiessling, W., E. Flugel, and J. Golonka. 1999. Paleoreef maps: Evaluation of a comprehensive database on Phanerozoic reefs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 83:1552-1587. 1999 GIS & Maps Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Climate; CO2; Sediment
Ku, T. C. W., L. M. Walter, M. L. Coleman, R. E. Blake, and A. M. Martini. 1999. Coupling between sulfur recycling and syndepositional carbonate dissolution: Evidence from oxygen and sulfur isotope composition of pore water sulfate, South Florida Platform, U.S.A. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63:2529-2546. 1999 Florida; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba Model CO2; Sediment
Marubini, F. and M. J. Atkinson. 1999. Effects of lowered pH and elevated nitrate on coral calcification. Marine Ecology Progress Series 188:117-121. 1999 CO2; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Mason, C. 1999. The ocean's role in climate variability and change and the resulting impacts on coasts. Natural Resources Forum 23:123-134. 1999 Global Climate; CO2; Fishing Sector; Housing; Light; Mangroves; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Tourism & Recreation; Wetlands
Ohde, S. and R. Van Woesik. 1999. Carbon dioxide flux and metabolic processes of a coral reef, Okinawa. Bulletin of Marine Science 65:559-576. 1999 Japan CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production
Ovalle, A. R. C., C. E. Rezende, C. E. V. Carvalho, T. C. Jennerjahn, and V. Ittekkot. 1999. Biogeochemical characteristics of coastal waters adjacent to small river-mangrove systems, East Brazil. Geo-Marine Letters 19:179-185. 1999 CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Mangroves; Nutrients; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Pandolfi, J. M. 1999. Response of pleistocene coral reefs to environmental change over long temporal scales. American Zoologist 39:113-130. 1999 Global; South & Central America; Papua New Guinea; Caribbean Climate; CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Non-point Source Runoff; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Pichler, T., J. Veizer, and G. E. M. Hall. 1999. The chemical composition of shallow-water hydrothermal fluids in Tutum Bay, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea and their effect on ambient seawater. Marine Chemistry 64:229-252. 1999 Papua New Guinea Model CO2; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Raghukumar, C., T. M. D'Souza, R. G. Thorn, and C. A. Reddy. 1999. Lignin-modifying enzymes of Flavodon flavus, a basidiomycete isolated from a coastal marine environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65:2103-2111. 1999 India CO2; Nutrients; Remediation; Substrate
Strasser, R. J., M. Tsimilli-Michael, and M. Pecheux. 1999. Perpetual adaptation in a perpetually changing environment as a survival strategy of plants: A case study in foraminifers concerning coral reef bleaching. Photosynthetica 37:71-85. 1999 Global; Mauritius CO2; Light; Primary Production
Suzuki, A. and H. Kawahata. 1999. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in coral reef lagoon waters: Comparative study of atolls and barrier reefs in the Indo-Pacific oceans. Journal of Oceanography 55:731-745. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; Maldives; India; Pacific Ocean; Palau Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Tsubota, H., J. Ishizaka, A. Nishimura, and Y. W. Watanabe. 1999. Overview of NOPACCS (Northwest Pacific Carbon Cycle Study). Journal of Oceanography 55:645-653. 1999 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean Review Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Plankton; Sediment
Vandamme, N. S., L. Que, and L. D. T. Topoleski. 1999. Carbide surface coating of Co-Cr-Mo implant alloys by a microwave plasma-assisted reaction. Journal of Materials Science 34:3525-3531. 1999 CO2; Substrate
Webb, G. E., J. S. Jell, and J. C. Baker. 1999. Cryptic intertidal microbialites in beachrock, Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef: Implications for the origin of microcrystalline beachrock cement. Sedimentary Geology 126:317-334. 1999 Australia Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Wilkinson, C. R. 1999. Global and local threats to coral reef functioning and existence: Review and predictions. Marine and Freshwater Research 50:867-878. 1999 Global Review Climate; CO2; Sediment; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Algeo, T. J. 1998. Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the devonian: Links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 353:113-130. 1998 Global Model Climate; CO2; Nutrients; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Boucher, G., J. Clavier, C. Hily, and J.-P. Gattuso. 1998. Contribution of soft-bottoms to the community metabolism (primary production and calcification) of a barrier reef flat (Moorea, French Polynesia). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 225:269-283. 1998 Cuba Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Light; Primary Production; Sediment
Chisholm, J. R. M. and D. J. Barnes. 1998. Anomalies in coral reef community metabolism and their potential importance in the reef CO2 source-sink debate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95:6566-6569. 1998 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production
Elder, K. L., A. P. McNichol, and A. R. Gagnon. 1998. Reproducibility of seawater, inorganic and organic carbon 14C results at NOSAMS. Radiocarbon 40:223-230. 1998 Lab Study CO2
Flenley, J. R. 1998. Tropical forests under the climates of the last 30,000 years. Climatic change 39:177-197. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii Model; GIS & Maps Climate; CO2; Light
Gattuso, J.-P., M. Frankignoulle, I. Bourge, S. Romaine, and R. W. Buddemeier. 1998. Effect of calcium carbonate saturation of seawater on coral calcification. Global and Planetary Change 18:37-46. 1998 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Stony Coral
Hansen, C. W. and J. Lynch. 1998. Response to phosphorus availability during vegetative and reproductive growth of chrysanthemum: II. Biomass and phosphorus dynamics. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123:223-229. 1998 CO2
Hansen, C. W., J. Lynch, and C.-O. Ottosen. 1998. Response to phosphorus availability during vegetative and reproductive growth of chrysanthemum: I. Whole-plant carbon dioxide exchange. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123:215-222. 1998 CO2; Primary Production
Hemming, N. G., T. P. Guilderson, and R. G. Fairbanks. 1998. Seasonal variations in the boron isotopic composition of coral: A productivity signal? Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12:581-586. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2
Jones, R. J., O. Hoegh-Guldberg, A. W. D. Larkum, and U. Schreiber. 1998. Temperature-induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of the CO2 fixation mechanism in zooxanthellae. Plant, Cell and Environment 21:1219-1230. 1998 Model CO2; Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Kontak, D. J. 1998. A study of fluid inclusions in sulfide and nonsulfide mineral phases from a carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, Gays River, Nova Scotia, Canada. Economic Geology 93:793-817. 1998 CO2; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Muscatine, L., C. Ferrier-Pages, A. Blackburn, R. D. Gates, G. Baghdasarian, and D. Allemand. 1998. Cell-specific density of symbiotic dinoflagellates in tropical anthozoans. Coral Reefs 17:329-337. 1998 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Jamaica Index or Indicator Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Substrate
Takeuchi, M. and M. Komada. 1998. Phosphorus removal from hoggery sewage using natural calcium carbonate. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 32:23-30. 1998 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use
Tsimilli-Michael, M., M. Pecheux, and R. J. Strasser. 1998. Vitality and stress adaptation of the symbionts of coral reef and temperate foraminifers probed in hospite by the fluorescence kinetics OJIP. Archives des Sciences et Compte Rendu Seances de la Societe 51:205-240. 1998 Global Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps CO2; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Whitaker, F. F. and P. L. Smart. 1998. Hydrology, geochemistry and diagenesis of fracture blue holes, South Andros, Bahamas. Cave and Karst Science 25:75-82. 1998 Bahamas Index or Indicator Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Microorganisms; Primary Production; Salinity; Seawater Flow; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Worheide, G. 1998. The reef cave dwelling ultraconservative coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana Lister 1900 from the Indo-Pacific. Facies 38:Jan-88. 1998 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Yamanaka, K. 1998. Cultivation characteristics of Isaria japonica. Mycoscience 39:43-48. 1998 Cuba CO2
Bickert, T., J. Patzold, C. Samtleben, and A. Munnecke. 1997. Paleoenvironmental changes in the Silurian indicated by stable isotopes in brachiopod shells from Gotland, Sweden. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61:2717-2730. 1997 Global Climate; CO2; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Druffel, E. R. M. 1997. Geochemistry of corals: Proxies of past ocean chemistry, ocean circulation, and climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94:8354-8361. 1997 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Review; Field Study & Monitoring Climate; CO2
Gattuso, J.-P., C. E. Payri, M. Pichon, B. Delesalle, and M. Frankignoulle. 1997. Primary production, calcification, and air-sea CO2 fluxes of a macroalgal-dominated coral reef community (Moorea, French Polynesia). Journal of Phycology 33:729-738. 1997 Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Primary Production
Golomb, D. 1997. Transport systems for ocean disposal of CO2 and their environmental effects. Energy Conversion and Management 38. 1997 CO2; Sediment
Grigg, R. W. 1997. Benthic communities on Lō'ihi submarine volcano reflect high-disturbance environment. Pacific Science 51:209-220. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Microorganisms; Octocoral; Sponges
Jacobs, P., P. G. Paul, P. H. M. Feron, C. J. Savage, and J. Witt. 1997. Integrated CO2 and humidity control by membrane gas absorption. European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP 761-766. 1997 CO2
Joachimski, M. M. 1997. Comparison of organic and inorganic carbon isotope patterns across the Frasnian-Famennian boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 132:133-145. 1997 Global; Germany Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Microorganisms; Plankton; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kawahata, H., A. Suzuki, and K. Goto. 1997. Coral reef ecosystems as a source of atmospheric CO2: Evidence from PCO2 measurements of surface waters. Coral Reefs 16:261-266. 1997 Palau CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Kleypas, J. A. 1997. Modeled estimates of global reef habitat and carbonate production since the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography 12:533-545. 1997 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Complex Habitat & Resources; Light; Nutrients; Salinity; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kraines, S., Y. Suzuki, T. Omori, K. Shitashima, S. Kanahara, and H. Komiyama. 1997. Carbonate dynamics of the coral reef system at Bora Bay, Miyako Island. Marine Ecology Progress Series 156:16-Jan. 1997 CO2; Salinity; Seawater Flow
Langer, M. R., M. T. Silk, and J. H. Lipps. 1997. Global ocean carbonate and carbon dioxide production: The role of reef foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research 27:271-277. 1997 Global Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coralline Algae; Discharges; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Sediment
Lucas, J. M. and L. W. Knapp. 1997. A physiological evaluation of carbon sources for calcification in the octocoral Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck). Journal of Experimental Biology 200:2653-2662. 1997 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Octocoral
McConnaughey, T. A., J. Burdett, J. F. Whelan, and C. K. Paull. 1997. Carbon isotopes in biological carbonates: Respiration and photosynthesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61:611-622. 1997 CO2; Fish; Primary Production; Snails & Conch
Wendt, J., Z. Belka, B. Kaufmann, R. Kostrewa, and J. Hayer. 1997. The world's most spectacular carbonate mud mounds (Middle Devonian, Algerian Sahara). Journal of Sedimentary Research 67:424-436. 1997 Algae; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Sediment; Sponges; Water Depth & Sea Level
Alongi, D. M., F. Tirendi, and A. Goldrick. 1996. Organic matter oxidation and sediment chemistry in mixed terrigenous- carbonate sands of Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Marine Chemistry 54:203-219. 1996 Australia Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Microorganisms; Sediment
Bohm, F., M. M. Joachimski, H. Lehnert, G. Morgenroth, W. Kretschmer, J. Vacelet, and W.-Chr. Dullo. 1996. Carbon isotope records from extant Caribbean and South Pacific sponges: Evolution of δ13C in surface water DIC. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 139:291-303. 1996 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; New Caledonia; Caribbean Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Dvorak, J. 1996. Influence of acid volcanism and CO2 production on sedimentation and distribution of organic matter (Variscan Central Europe). Annales - Societe Geologique de Belgique 117:69-73. 1996 Europe CO2; Sediment
Fichez, R., P. Harris, G. Cauwet, and P. Dejardin. 1996. Dissolved carbon in pore waters from the carbonate barrier reef of Tahiti (French Polynesia) and its basalt basement. Aquatic Geochemistry 2:255-271. 1996 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Salinity
Flood, P. G., J. A. Fagerstrom, and F. Rougerie. 1996. Interpretation of the origin of massive replacive dolomite within atolls and submerged carbonate platforms: Strontium isotopic signature ODP Hole 866A, Resolution Guyot, Mid-Pacific Mountains. Sedimentary Geology 101:13-Sep. 1996 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2
Frankignoulle, M., J.-P. Gattuso, R. Biondo, I. Bourge, G. Copin-Montegut, and M. Pichon. 1996. Carbon fluxes in coral reefs. II. Eulerian study of inorganic carbon dynamics and measurement of air-sea CO2 exchanges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 145:123-132. 1996 Global; Australia CO2; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Gattuso, J.-P., M. Pichon, B. Delesalle, C. Canon, and M. Frankignoulle. 1996. Carbon fluxes in coral reefs. I. Lagrangian measurement of community metabolism and resulting air-sea CO2 disequilibrium. Marine Ecology Progress Series 145:109-121. 1996 Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Light; Primary Production
Goiran, C., S. Al-Moghrabi, D. Allemand, and J. Jaubert. 1996. Inorganic carbon uptake for photosynthesis by the symbiotic coral/dinoflagellate association: I. Photosynthetic performances of symbionts and dependence on sea water bicarbonate. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 199:207-225. 1996 CO2; Light; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Harvey, L. D. D. 1996. Development of a risk-hedging CO2-emission policy, Part I: Risks of unrestrained emissions. Climatic change 34:Jan-40. 1996 Global Review Agriculture; Climate; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Johnson, C. C., E. J. Barron, E. G. Kauffman, M. A. Arthur, P. J. Fawcett, and M. K. Yasuda. 1996. Middle cretaceous reef collapse linked to ocean heat transport. Geology 24:376-380. 1996 South & Central America; Caribbean Model CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Longman, M. W. 1996. Did the Mississippian Lodgepole buildup at Dickinson Field (North Dakota) form as a gas seep (\vent\") community?". Mountain Geologist 33:105-114. 1996 Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Echinoderms; Microorganisms; Sediment; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Marubini, F. and P. S. Davies. 1996. Nitrate increases zooxanthellae population density and reduces skeletogenesis in corals. Marine Biology 127:319-328. 1996 Cuba Lab Study; Model CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Middelburg, J. J., J. Nieuwenhuize, F. J. Slim, and B. Ohowa. 1996. Sediment biogeochemistry in an east African mangrove forest (Gazi Bay, Kenya). Biogeochemistry 34:133-155. 1996 Kenya Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Mangroves; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Sediment
Munhoven, G. and L. M. Francois. 1996. Glacial-interglacial variability of atmospheric CO2 due to changing continental silicate rock weathering: A model study. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 101:21423-21437. 1996 Model CO2; Sediment; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ohtsuka, Y. and K. Asami. 1996. Ion-exchanged calcium from calcium carbonate and low-rank coals: High catalytic activity in steam gasification. Energy and Fuels 10:431-435. 1996 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Coal Mining
Pichler, T. and G. R. Dix. 1996. Hydrothermal venting within a coral reef ecosystem, Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea. Geology 24:435-438. 1996 Papua New Guinea Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Swart, P. K., R. E. Dodge, and H. J. Hudson. 1996. A 240-year stable oxygen and carbon isotopic record in a coral from South Florida: implications for the prediction of precipitation in Southern Florida. Palaios 11:362-375. 1996 Florida CO2
Tosteson, J. L. and B. D. Marino. 1996. The Biosphere 2 Global Change Testbed world wide web server: closed system research and education using the Internet. Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space 2:193-197. 1996 Global Lab Study CO2; Internet & Telecommunications
Tsukamoto, S. and J. M. Heikoop. 1996. Sulfite radicals in banded coral. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 47:1437-1441. 1996 Indonesia CO2; Discharges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Webb, G. E. 1996. Was Phanerozoic reef history controlled by the distribution of non-enzymatically secreted reef carbonates (microbial carbonate and biologically induced cement)? Sedimentology 43:947-971. 1996 Global Climate; CO2; Plankton
Atkinson, M. J., B. Carlson, and G. L. Crow. 1995. Coral growth in high-nutrient, low-pH seawater: a case study of corals cultured at the Waikiki Aquarium, Honolulu, Hawaii. Coral Reefs 14:215-223. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Nutrients
Casareto, B., K. Yoshida, Y. Suzuki, T. Hiraga, and T. Okabayasi. 1995. The role of a coral reef ecosystem in the biological fixation of CO2. Energy Conversion and Management 36:775-778. 1995 Japan Algae; CO2; Cyanobacteria; Microorganisms; Plankton; Zooxanthellae
Faisal, M., B. J. Rutan, and S. Sami-Demmerle. 1995. Development of continuous liver cell cultures from the marine teleost, spot (Leiostomus xanthurus, Pisces: Sciaenidae). Aquaculture 132:59-72. 1995 Cuba Model CO2; Microorganisms; Substrate
Fukuhara, T., H. Inomata, and H. Wada. 1995. Benzene synthesis for radiocarbon dating at Shizuoka University. Geoscience Reports of the Shizuoka University 22:47-58. 1995 CO2
Gaillardet, J. and C. J. Allegre. 1995. Boron isotopic compositions of corals: Seawater or diagenesis record? Earth and Planetary Science Letters 136:665-676. 1995 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Gates, R. D., O. Hoegh-Guldberg, M. J. McFall-Ngai, K. Y. Bil, and L. Muscatine. 1995. Free amino acids exhibit anthozoan 'host factor' activity: They induce the release of photosynthate from symbiotic dinoflagellates in vitro. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92:7430-7434. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Nutrients; Ports & Harbors; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Gattuso, J.-P., M. Pichon, and M. Frankignoulle. 1995. Biological control of air-sea CO2 fluxes: effect of photosynthetic and calcifying marine organisms and ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 129:307-312. 1995 Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production
Gill, I., J. J. Olson, and D. K. Hubbard. 1995. Corals, paleotemperature records, and the aragonite-calcite transformation. Geology 23:333-336. 1995 Global Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Goslar, T., M. Arnold, E. Bard, T. Kuc, M. F. Pazdur, M. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, K. Rozanski, N. Tisnerat, A. Walanus, B. Wicik, and K. Wieckowski. 1995. High concentration of atmospheric 14C during the Younger Dryas cold episode. Nature 377:414-417. 1995 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Poland Climate; CO2; Sediment
Kayanne, H., A. Suzuki, and H. Saito. 1995. Diurnal changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in coral reef water. Science 269:214-216. 1995 Japan Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production
Komiyama, H. and K. Yamada. 1995. Ecosystem driven by OTEC and oceanic high mineral water. Otohime project. Energy Conversion and Management 36:889-894. 1995 Global CO2
Rougerie, F. 1995. Nature and functioning of the atolls of Tuamotu archipelago, French Polynesia [Nature et fonctionnement des atolls des Tuamotu (Polynesie Francaise)]. Oceanologica Acta 18:61-78. 1995 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Field Study & Monitoring; Model CO2; Nutrients; Salinity
Suzuki, A., T. Nakamori, and H. Kayanne. 1995. The mechanism of production enhancement in coral reef carbonate systems: model and empirical results. Sedimentary Geology 99:259-280. 1995 Model CO2; Primary Production
Suzuki, Y., N. Nakashima, K. Yoshida, B. Casareto, M. Taki, T. Hiraga, T. Okabayashi, H. Ito, and K. Yamada. 1995. The important role of organic matter cycling for the biological fixation of CO2 in coral reefs. Energy Conversion and Management 36:737-740. 1995 Japan CO2; Nutrients
Berger, W. H. 1994. Quaternary Fourier stratigraphy: Orbital templates and Milankovitch anomalies. Mathematical Geology 26:769-781. 1994 Climate; CO2; Sediment
Beveridge, N. A. S. and N. J. Shackleton. 1994. Carbon isotopes in recent planktonic foraminifera: A record of anthropogenic CO2 invasion of the surface ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126:259-273. 1994 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model CO2; Plankton; Sediment; Sponges; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Chakraborty, S., R. Ramesh, and S. Krishnaswami. 1994. Air-sea exchange of CO2 in the Gulf of Kutch, northern Arabian Sea based on bomb-carbon in corals and tree rings. Pages 329-340 in Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Earth and Planetary Sciences. 1994 India Model CO2
Kohno, HI DE O, CH IH IR O Yamanaka, and MO TO JI Ikeya. 1994. Pulsed and cw-ESR studies of CO2- in CaCO3 irradiated by He+ and γ-rays for ESR dating. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers 33:5743-5746. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Lecuyer, C. and J. R. O'Neil. 1994. Stable isotope compositions of fluid inclusions in biogenic carbonates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58:353-363. 1994 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Snidvongs, A. and R. A. Kinzie III. 1994. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus enrichement on in vivo symbiotic zooxanthellae of Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Biology 118:705-711. 1994 Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Druffel, E. R. M. and S. Griffin. 1993. Large variations of surface ocean radiocarbon: evidence of circulation changes in the southwestern Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research 98. 1993 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia CO2
Gattuso, J.-P., M. Pichon, B. Delesalle, and M. Frankignoulle. 1993. Community metabolism and air-sea CO2 fluxes in a coral reef ecosystem (Moorea, French Polynesia). Marine Ecology Progress Series 96:259-267. 1993 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Light; Plankton; Primary Production
Haddad, G. A., A. W. Droxler, D. Kroon, and D. W. Muller. 1993. Quaternary CaCO3 input and preservation with Antarctic Intermediate Water: mineralogic and isotopic results from holes 818B and 817A, Townsville Trough (northeastern Australia Margin). Proc., scientific results, ODP, Leg 133, northeast Australian margin 203-233. 1993 Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Plankton; Sediment
Harger, J. R. E. 1993. Potenital limits of human dominated fossil energy based global ecosystems. Chemosphere 27:907-945. 1993 Global Climate; CO2
Joachimski, M. M. and W. Buggisch. 1993. Anoxic events in the late Frasnian - causes of the Frasnian- Famennian faunal crisis? Geology 21:675-678. 1993 Global; Europe CO2
Kalish, J. M. 1993. Pre- and post-bomb radiocarbon in fish otoliths. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 114:549-554. 1993 Global CO2; Fish
Kershaw, S. 1993. Sedimentation control on growth of stromatoporoid reefs in the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. Journal - Geological Society London 150:197-205. 1993 Model CO2; Sediment; Substrate
Leinfelder, R. and H. Seyfried. 1993. Sea level change: a philosophical approach. Geologische Rundschau 82:159-172. 1993 Global Model Climate; CO2; Coal Mining; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Special Use Permitting; Water Depth & Sea Level
Nozaki, K., K. Kato, A. Negishi, and K. Onda. 1993. Technologies to suppress the greenhouse gas through coral reefs. Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho/Bulletin of the Electrotechnical Laboratory 57:176-192. 1993 Review CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Rougerie, F. and B. Wauthy. 1993. The endo-upwelling concept: from geothermal convection to reef construction. Coral Reefs 12:19-30. 1993 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Model Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Salinity
Sellwood, B. W. 1993. Structure and origin of limestones. Journal - Geological Society London 150:801-809. 1993 CO2
Streamer, M., Y. R. McNeil, and D. Yellowlees. 1993. Photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation in zooxanthellae. Marine Biology 115:195-198. 1993 CO2; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Whittle, G. L., C. G. ST .C . Kendall, R. F. Dill, and L. Rouch. 1993. Carbonate cement fabrics displayed: A traverse across the margin of the Bahamas Platform near Lee Stocking Island in the Exuma Cays. Marine Geology 110:213-243. 1993 Bahamas Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Dando, P. R. and M. Hovland. 1992. Environmental effects of submarine seeping natural gas. Continental Shelf Research 12:1197-1207. 1992 CO2; Microorganisms; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Sediment
Goreau, T. J. 1992. Control of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Global Environmental Change 2:11-May. 1992 Climate; CO2
Ikeda, SU MI KO, DA VI D Neil, MO TO JI Ikeya, AY AK O Kai, and TO SH IK AT SU Miki. 1992. Spatial variation of CO2- and SO3- radicals in massive coral as environmental indicator. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 2: Letters 31. 1992 Australia Index or Indicator CO2; Stony Coral
Nakamori, T., A. Suzuki, and Y. Iryu. 1992. Water circulation and carbon flux on Shiraho coral reef of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Continental Shelf Research 12:951-970. 1992 Japan CO2
Opdyke, B. N. and J. C. G. Walker. 1992. Return of the coral reef hypothesis: basin to shelf partitioning of CaCO3 and its effect on atmospheric CO2. Geology 20:733-736. 1992 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Ware, J. R., S. V. Smith, and M. L. Reaka-Kudla. 1992. Coral reefs: sources or sinks of atmospheric CO2? Coral Reefs 11:127-130. 1992 Global Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Aharon, P. 1991. Recorders of reef environment histories: stable isotopes in corals, giant clams, and calcareous algae. Coral Reefs 10:71-90. 1991 Australia; Java Algae; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Sediment; Stony Coral
Crossland, C. J., B. G. Hatcher, and S. V. Smith. 1991. Role of coral reefs in global ocean production. Coral Reefs 10:55-64. 1991 Global Index or Indicator Climate; CO2
Gable, F. J., D. G. Aubrey, and J. H. Gentile. 1991. Global environmental change issues in the Western Indian Ocean region. Geoforum 22:401-419. 1991 Global; Indian Ocean; India Model Climate; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Mitigation; Permitting & Zoning; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Water Depth & Sea Level; Wetlands
Hilbertz Wolf, H. 1991. Solar-generated construction material from sea water to mitigate global warming. Building Research and Information 19:242-255. 1991 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study CO2; Substrate; Water Depth & Sea Level
Kinsey, D. W. and D. Hopley. 1991. The significance of coral reefs as global carbon sinks- response to Greenhouse. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 89:363-377. 1991 Global; Australia Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; CO2; Non-point Source Runoff; Storms & Hurricanes
Kudrass, H. R., H. Erlenkeuser, R. Vollbrecht, and W. Weiss. 1991. Global nature of the Younger Dryas cooling event inferred from oxygen isotope data from Sulu Sea cores. Nature 349:406-409. 1991 Global; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Europe Model Climate; CO2; Plankton; Sediment; Water Depth & Sea Level
McConnaughey, Ted. 1991. Calcification in Chara corallina: CO2 hydroxylation generates protons for bicarbonate assimilation. Limnology and Oceanography 36:619-28. 1991 CO2
Miki, TO SH IK AT SU and AY AK O Kai. 1991. Thermal annealing of radicals in aragonitic CaCO3 and CaHPO4·2H2O. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Part 1: Regular Papers and Short Notes and Review Papers 30:404-410. 1991 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Sasek, T. W. and B. R. Strain. 1991. Effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and morphology of a native and an introduced honeysuckle vine. American Journal of Botany 78:69-75. 1991 Japan CO2
Tlig, S. 1991. Rare earth element redistribution and fractionation during secondary mineral formation: examples from reef carbonate karst (Jebel Stah, Tunisia) and from oceanic basalts (site 417A, Northern Atlantic). Journal of African Earth Sciences 13:173-182. 1991 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) CO2
Davidson, R. J. 1990. Pre-burial adsorption model for the genesis of gold in the Witwatersrand. Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 90:53-57. 1990 Model Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Substrate
Dubinsky, Z., N. Stambler, M. Ben-Zion, L. R. McCloskey, L. Muscatine, and P. G. Falkowski. 1990. The effect of external nutrient resources on the optical properties and photosynthetic efficiency of Stylophora pistillata. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 239:231-246. 1990 Algae; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production
Gattuso, J.-P. and J. Jaubert. 1990. Effect of light on oxygen and carbon dioxide fluxes and on metabolic quotients measured in situ in a zooxanthellate coral. Limnology and Oceanography 35:1796-1804. 1990 CO2; Zooxanthellae
Watts, JI M. 1990. Landmark engineering facility. Pipeline and Gas Journal 217. 1990 CO2; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Pipelines
Cember, R. 1989. Bomb radiocarbon in the red sea: A medium-scale gas exchange experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research 94:2111-2123. 1989 Model CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Hatcher, A. 1989. RQ of benthic marine invertebrates. Marine Biology 102:445-452. 1989 Australia; Cuba Index or Indicator CO2; Invertebrates; Substrate
Jones, B. 1989. Calcite rafts, peloids, and micrite in cave deposits from Cayman Brac, British West Indies. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26:654-664. 1989 CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
McConnaughey, T. 1989. 13C and 18O isotopic disequilibrium in biological carbonates: I. Patterns. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53:151-162. 1989 CO2; Primary Production
Muscatine, L., J. W. Porter, and I. R. Kaplan. 1989. Resource partitioning by reef corals as determined from stable isotope composition - I. δ13C of zooxanthellae and animal tissue vs depth. Marine Biology 100:185-193. 1989 Jamaica Algae; CO2; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Semiletov, I. P., A. M. Gusev, N. I. Barkov, N. V. Pozdnyakov, and V. YA . Lipenkov. 1989. Paleovariations of CO2 content in antarctic ice cores. Doklady Earth Sciences 309:245-247. 1989 Field Study & Monitoring CO2; Sediment
Weis, V. M., G. J. Smith, and L. Muscatine. 1989. A \CO2 supply\" mechanism in zooxanthellate cnidarians: role of carbonic anhydrase". Marine Biology 100:195-202. 1989 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Hackney, J. M. and P. Sze. 1988. Photorespiration and productivity rates of a coral reef algal turf assemblage. Marine Biology 98:483-492. 1988 Algae; CO2; Primary Production
Nishio, M., I. Muramatsu, S. Kigoshi, and M. Fujiwara. 1988. Effects of goniopora toxin on the action potential and membrane currents of guinea-pig single ventricular cells. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 337:440-446. 1988 CO2
Phillips, G. N., R. Klemd, and N. S. Robertson. 1988. Summary of some fluid inclusion data from the Witwatersrand Basin and surrounding granitoids. Pages 59-65 Fluid inclusions. 1988 CO2; Salinity
Stevenson, J. C. 1988. Comparative ecology of submersed grass beds in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments. Limnology and Oceanography 33:867-893. 1988 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean CO2; Fish; Nutrients; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Sediment
Williams, W. M., A. B. Viner, and W. J. Broughton. 1987. Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) associated with the living coral Acropora variabilis. Marine Biology 94:531-535. 1987 Cuba; Malaysia CO2; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Stony Coral
Pigott, J. D. and L. S. Land. 1986. Interstitial water chemistry of Jamaican reef sediment: sulfate reduction and submarine cementation. Marine Chemistry 19:355-378. 1986 Jamaica CO2; Sediment
Sandstrom, M. W., F. Tirendi, and A. Nott. 1986. Direct determination of organic carbon in modern reef sediments and calcareous organisms after dissolution of carbonate. Marine Geology 70:321-329. 1986 CO2; Sediment
Santosh, M. 1986. Ore fluids in the auriferous Champion reef of Kolar, South India. Economic Geology 81:1546-1552. 1986 India CO2; Salinity
Aharon, P. 1985. Carbon isotope record of late Quaternary coral reefs: possible index of sea surface paleoproductivity. Pages 343-355 in The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2: natural variations Archean to present. Chapman conference papers, 1984. 1985 Index or Indicator CO2; Nutrients
Druffel, E. R. M. 1985. Detection of El Nino and decade time scale variations of sea surface temperature from banded coral records: implications for the carbon dioxide cycle. Pages 111-122 in The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2: natural variations Archean to present. Chapman conference papers, 1984. 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii; Pacific Ocean CO2
Jagodzinska, B. M., J. S. Trimmer, W. Fenical, and C. Djerassi. 1985. Sterols in marine invertebrates. 51. Isolation and structure elucidation of C-18 functionalized sterols from the soft coral Sinularia dissecta. Journal of Organic Chemistry 50:2988-2992. 1985 CO2; Octocoral
Walton, RA YM ON D, W. MA RT IN Williams, P. Wang Ming, and A. Roesner Larry. 1985. Coral Reef Modeling: Key Largo Case Study. Pages 2420-2438 in Coastal Zone: Proceedings of the Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985 Florida Model; Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production
Dubinsky, Z., P. G. Falkowski, J. W. Porter, and L. Muscatine. 1984. Absorption and utilization of radiant energy by light-and shade- adapted colonies of the hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata. Page 1227 in Proceedings of the Royal Society. 1984 CO2; Light; Primary Production
Rinkevich, B. and Y. Loya. 1984. Coral illumination through an optic glass-fiber: incorporation of 14C photosynthates. Marine Biology 80:15-Jul. 1984 Cuba CO2; Primary Production
Burris, J.E., J.W. Porter, and W.A. Laing. 1983. Effects of carbon dioxide concentration on coral photosynthesis. Marine Biology 75:113-16. 1983 CO2; Primary Production
Druffel, E. M. and H. E. Suess. 1983. On the radiocarbon record in banded corals: Exchange parameters and net transport of 14CO2 between atmosphere and surface ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 88:1271-1280. 1983 CO2
Duchscherer Jr., W. 1983. Geochemical hydrocarbon exploration - a new/old exploration tool. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 19:335-336. 1983 Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools CO2; Sediment
Johnson, K. M., P. G. Davis, and J. M. Sieburth. 1983. Diel variation of TCO2 in the upper layer of oceanic waters reflects microbial composition, variation and possibly methane cycling. Marine Biology 77:10-Jan. 1983 South & Central America; Caribbean CO2; Plankton; Salinity; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rinkevich, B. and Y. Loya. 1983. Oriented translocation of energy in grafted reef corals. Coral Reefs 1:243-247. 1983 CO2
Swart, P. K. 1983. Carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation in scleractinian corals: a review. Earth Science Reviews 19:51-80. 1983 Review; Model CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Bellamy, N. and M. J. Risk. 1982. Coral gas: Oxygen production in Millepora on the great barrier reef. Science 216:1618-1619. 1982 Australia Algae; CO2; Hydrocoral; Nutrients; Substrate
Berger, W. H. 1982. Deglacial CO2 buildup: Constraints on the coral-reef model. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 40:235-253. 1982 US Pacific & Hawaii Model CO2; Sediment
Berger, W. H. 1982. Increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during deglaciation: the coral reef hypothesis. Naturwissenschaften 69:87-88. 1982 CO2
Druffel, E. M. 1982. Banded corals: Changes in oceanic carbon-14 during the little ice age. Science 218:13-19. 1982 Florida CO2; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Epstein, S. A. and G. M. Friedman. 1982. Processes controlling precipitation of carbonate cement and dissolution of silica in reef and near-reef settings. Sedimentary Geology 33:157-171. 1982 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Sediment
Wesely, M. L., D. R. Cook, R. L. Hart, and R. M. Williams. 1982. Air-sea exchange of CO2 and evidence for enhanced upward fluxes ( Miami, Florida). Journal of Geophysical Research 87:8827-8832. 1982 Florida CO2
Brand, U. 1981. Mineralogy and chemistry of the lower Pennsylvanian Kendrick fauna, eastern Kentucky. 2. Stable isotopes. Chemical Geology 32:17-28. 1981 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Echinoderms
Sikes, C. S., K. Okazaki, and R. D. Fink. 1981. Respiratory CO2 and the supply of inorganic carbon for calcification of sea urchin embryos. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 70:285-291. 1981 Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Molluscs; Sea Urchins; Special Use Permitting; Substrate
Smith, S. V. and P. Kroopnick. 1981. Carbon-13 isotopic fractionation as a measure of aquatic metabolism. Nature 294:252-253. 1981 CO2; Primary Production
Jacques, T. G. and M. E. Q. Pilson. 1980. Experimental ecology of the temperate scleractinian coral Astrangia danae I. Partition of respiration, photosynthesis and calcification between host and symbionts. Marine Biology 60:167-178. 1980 Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Erez, J. 1978. Vital effect on stable-isotope composition seen in foraminifera and coral skeletons. Nature 273:199-202. 1978 Algae; CO2; Plankton; Primary Production
Smith, S. V. and D. W. Kinsey. 1978. Coral Reefs: Research Methods. Monographs on oceanographic methodology. UNESCO, Paris. 1978 CO2
Stewart-Gordon, T. J. 1978. New Pays Develop New Plays In The Permian Basin. World Oil 186. 1978 South & Central America; Mexico CO2
Land, L. S., J. C. Lang, and D. J. Barnes. 1977. On the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of some shallow water, ahermatypic, scleractinian coral skeletons. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41:169-172. 1977 Jamaica Model Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Smith, R. L. and A. C. Paulson. 1975. Carbonic anhydrase in some coral reef fishes: adaptation to carbonate ingestion? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 50:131-134. 1975 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Small Herbivorous Fish
Crossland, C. J. and D. J. Barnes. 1974. The role of metabolic nitrogen in coral calcification. Marine Biology 28:325-332. 1974 Cuba Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Barnes, D. J. and D. L. Taylor. 1973. In situ studies of calcification and photosynthetic carbon fixation in the coral Montastrea annularis. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24:284-291. 1973 CO2; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Kinsey, D. W. 1973. Small-scale experiments to determine the effects of crude oil films on gas exchange over the coral back-reef at Heron island. Environmental Pollution 4:167-182. 1973 Field Study & Monitoring CO2
Smith, S. V. 1973. Carbon dioxide dynamics: a record of organic carbon production, respiration, and calcification in the Eniwetok reef flat community. Limnology and Oceanography 18:106-120. 1973 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2
Weber, J. N. and P. M. J. Woodhead. 1972. Stable isotope ratio variations in non-scleractinian coelenterate carbonates as a function of temperature. Marine Biology 15:293-297. 1972 Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Hydrocoral; Octocoral
Szmant, A. M. 1971. Patterns of 14CO2 uptake by Chlorohydra viridissima. Pages 192-201 Experimental Coelenterate Biology. Univeristy of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI. 1971 CO2; Zooxanthellae
Pearse, V. B. 1970. Incorporation of CO2 into coral skeleton. Nature 228:383. 1970 CO2
Weber, J. N. and P. M. J. Woodhead. 1970. Carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation in the skeletal carbonate of reef-building corals. Chemical Geology 6:93-117. 1970 Australia Model CO2; Sediment; Stony Coral
Devereux, I. 1967. Oxygen isotope palaeotemperature measurements on two tertiary deep-water coral thickets from Wairarapa, New Zealand. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 3:447-455. 1967 CO2; Marine Worms
Tricart, J. 1967. Certaines formes de sedimentation calcaire quaternaires sont-elles dues à des desequilibres geochimiques periodiques? Chemical Geology 2:233-248. 1967 South & Central America; Mexico Model Algae; Climate; CO2; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Special Use Permitting
Rotschi, H. 1961. Oxygene, phosphate et gaz carbonique total en Mer de Corail. Deep Sea Research (1953) 8:181-195. 1961 US Pacific & Hawaii CO2; Nutrients
Burkholder, P. R., L. M. Burkholder, and J. A. Rivero. 1959. Chlorophyll a in some corals and marine plants. Nature 183:1338-1339. 1959 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Fish; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses
Erez J., S. Reynaud, J. Silverman, K. Schneider, and D. Allemand. Coral calcification under ocean acidification and global change. Pages 151-176 in Dubinsky, Z. and N. Stambler, editors. Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Springer, New York,(New York, USA). Global Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; CO2; Molluscs; Ocean Acidity; Plankton; Skeletal Coral
Kiessling, W. Reef expansion during the Triassic: Spread of photosymbiosis balancing climatic cooling. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Global Model Climate; CO2; Sponges

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Corporate Response: Standardized Environmental Certifications and Labels Product labeling initiatives are based on the premise that product information represented by or contained on the label is otherwise not readily available (or apparent) and is of value in consumer purchase decisions. For example, warning labels highlight product safety and toxic exposure hazards and advise consumers on ways to minimize risks. Likewise, a number of environmental certification programs (ECPs) identify products' environmental burdens and/or set standards for products' environmental attributes. Properly designed environmental labeling efforts can change consumer and manufacturer attitudes and behaviors, thus reducing environmental burdens. The specific metrics used to measure environmental label effectiveness include: 1) consumer awareness of labels, 2) consumer acceptance of labels (credibility and understanding), 3) changes in consumer behavior, 4) changes in manufacturer behavior, and 5) improvement of end goals, such as environmental quality. Malcohn, E., Bentham Paulos, Andrew Stoeckle, Herbert Han-Pu Wang, and Julie Lynch. Determinants of Effectiveness for Environmental Certification and Labeling Programs. EPA-742-R-94-001, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Aquaculture; Banks, Credit, & Securities; Climate; CO2; Collaboration & Partnering; Commercial Fisheries; Corporate Responses; Economic Markets & Policies; Environmental Education & Outreach; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Forestry; Health; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Marine Birds; Medical Care; Medical Centers; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Resource Use Management; Toxics; Transportation; Utilities; Whales & Dolphins; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Discharge Controls: Carbon Sequestration Carbon sequestration is the process through which practices remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The term "sink" is also used to describe agricultural and forestry lands that absorb CO2, the major global warming gas emitted by human activities. Agricultural and forestry practices can also release CO2 and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In the ocean, phytoplankton are another major carbon sink. Houghton, R.A. 2002. Magnitude, distribution and causes of terrestrial carbon sinks and some implications for policy. Climate Policy 2:71-88.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Algae; CO2; Deforestation & Devegetation; Forestry; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Infrastructure; Landuse Management; Plankton; Political Pressure; Solid Waste Disposal
Discharge Controls: Air Filtration & Scrubbing The management option reduces emissions of air contaminants from structures through interception and/or collection. These filters and scrubbers can be implemented on ventilation emitting particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, odorous sulfur compounds, methane or other greenhouse gasses. There are many alternative filters and scrubbers depending on the ventilation system and the characteristics of the emissions. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2011. National Handbook of Conservation Practices. U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Agriculture; Agriculture, Aquaculture, & Forestry Policies; Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate Regulation; CO2; Construction Codes & Projects; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Food & Energy Policies; Food & Raw Materials; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Infrastructural Policies; Manufacturing & Trade; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Regulating Services; Solid Waste Disposal; Supporting Services; Toxics; Utilities; Utility Policies
Energy Policy & Development: Develop Energy Efficiency Initiatives Energy efficiency is one of the lowest cost strategies for reducing greenhouse gases. Energy efficiency is also one of the few options that actually reduce user costs as well, since using less energy should reduce energy bills. Energy efficiency can be promoted across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. In the US, the ENERGY STAR program has served as a trusted source of information to help consumers and organizations throughout the nation adopt energy-efficient products and practices. Other ways to incentivize energy improvements include subsidizing (e.g. tax exemption) or issuing lower interest loans for investments in energy use reduction technologies and infrastructure (e.g. more efficient heating/cooling systems). Environmental Protection Agency. ENERGY STAR and Other Climate Protection Partnerships. 2009 Annual Report. US EPA.

Atmospheric Emissions; City Planning; Climate Regulation; CO2; Coal Mining; Construction Codes & Projects; Corporate Responses; Discharges; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Food, Beverage, & Tobacco Products; Funding & Incentives; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Housing; Improved Technology; Landuse Management; Manufacturing & Trade; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Oil & Gas Industry; Shelter; Utilities; Utility Policies; Wholesale & Retail Trade; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Monitor & Research: Water Quality Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term, comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of water quality parameters. Parameters that should be measured include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, relative fluorescence, light attenuation, nutrients, chlorophyll, and alkaline phosphatase activity. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Applied Chemicals; Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Sediment; Supporting Services; Toxics; Waterborne Discharges
Monitor & Research: Research Global Change This management option involves research to examine the effects of stresses associated with global change on the ecosystem. Stresses can include changes in temperature, hydrology, salinity, frequency and intensity of storms, turbidity, sea level change, and ultra violet and visible radiation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Variables; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Discharges; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring & Restoration; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Ocean Acidity; Physical & Chemical Water Quality Criteria; Physical Variables; Regulating Services; Salinity; Sea Temperatures; Seawater Flow; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Supporting Services; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
Transportation Policy: Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAF�) standards is to reduce fuel consumption by increasing the fuel economy of cars and light trucks. NHTSA sets fuel economy standards for cars and light trucks sold in the US while EPA calculates the average fuel economy for each manufacturer. Since the standard only dictates the average fuel economy, manufacturers can sell vehicles with higher or lower fuel economy than the standard. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE). Accessed 8/11/2011.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Food & Energy Policies; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Manufacturing & Trade; Manufacturing & Trade Policies; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Industry; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Resource Use Management; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies
Transportation Policy: Airline Carbon Policy Civil aviation is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and this contribution has grown as the industry has grown. Some regions are implementing policies such as cap and trade that apply to the airline industry. Bruce Duguid. 2009. Fasten Your Seat Belt: Airlines and cap-and-trade. CTC764, Carbon Trust, United Kingdom.

Atmospheric Emissions; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Economic Markets & Policies; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Political Pressure; Provisioning Services; Regulating Services; Supporting Services; Transportation; Transportation Policies

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Air Pollution Control, 62-204 Florida Administrative Code (1996). 62-204.100 Purpose and Scope. (1) This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. (2) In addition, this chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassifiable with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have been adopted; further designates certain attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as air quality maintenance areas for particular pollutants; classifies all areas of the state as Class I, Class II, or Class III for determining which set of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments apply; and designates all attainment and unclassifiable areas of the state as one or more PSD areas for determining which pollutant-specific PSD baseline dates apply. This chapter also sets forth procedures for redesignating and reclassifying areas as above. (3) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to identify the Florida State Implementation Plan (SIP) required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51; to set forth the public notice and hearing requirements that the Department will adhere to for making SIP revisions; and to set forth the definitions, criteria, and procedures that the Department will use to review a federal agency�s general conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; and to adopt by reference an interagency memorandum of agreement that the Department will comply with to review any transportation conformity determination, made pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart T. The provisions to 40 C.F.R. 51.853 require that a federal agency make a general conformity determination for any federal agency action in a nonattainment or maintenance area, to ensure that such action is consistent with the SIP and that such federal conformity determination be reviewed by the affected state. The provisions of 40 C.F.R. 51.394 require that a transportation conformity determination be made for the adoption, acceptance, approval, or support of certain transportation plans, transportation improvement programs, and transportation projects in nonattainment and maintenance areas for transportation-related criteria pollutants to ensure that such actions are consistent with the SIP. (4) Finally, this chapter adopts and incorporates by reference federal air pollution control regulations which are referenced in whole or in part throughout the Department�s air pollution control rules.

Application to Coral Reefs:By reducing emmissions to air, particularly carbon dioxide, the pH of ocean waters will not be reduced and that is a direct benefit to coral reefs, since a reduction in pH is believed to be detrimental to corals.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter designates all areas of the state as attainment, nonattainment, or unclassified with respect to each pollutant for which ambient air quality standards have benn adopted.

Comments:This chapter establishes maximum allowable levels of pollutants in the ambient air, or ambient air quality standards, necessary to protect human health and public welfare. This chapter also establishes maximum allowable increases in ambient concentrations for subject pollutants to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in areas where ambient air quality standards are being met. It further specifies approved air quality monitoring and modeling methods. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Carbon Storage & Cycling; Chemical Use Regulations; CO2; Commercial Fishing Boats; Cruise Ships; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Tankers; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Primary Production; Resource Use Management; Transportation Policies; Wetlands; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Clean Air Act, 42 United States Code §§ 7400 et seq. To ensure Americans have clean air to breath, and to protect the environment from air pollution. Regulates air emmissions from area, stationary and mobile sources. Charges federal land managers with direct responsibility to protect the "air quality and related values" of land under their control. The "related values" include fish and widlife and their habitats. The Clean Air Act is the law that defines EPA's responsibility for protecting and improving the nation's air quality and the stratospheric ozone layer.

Application to Coral Reefs:The Act would decrease carbon dioxide emissions from sources in the United States, thereby making a contribution toward reducing ocean acidification, which is one of the problems contributing to coral reef decline.

Legislative Actions:Response will differ from State to State because many Sates have been delegated to administer the Clean Air Act. However, States cannot have air quality standards less stringent then the federal standards. State air pollution agencies hold permit hearings and fines industries that violate air quality limits. States must develop state implementation plans that require approval by EPA.

Comments:The 1990 amendments authorized the Acid Deposition Control Program, a program to control 189 toxic pollutants, established permit program requirements, expanded and modified the attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and expanded and modified enforcement authority. 		United States Environmntal Protection Agency

Jurisdiction:
United States 		Carbon Storage & Cycling; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Improved Technology; Mineral, Rock, & Metal Mining; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Political Pressure; Transportation Policies; Wood, Plastics, & Chemical Products
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction, 62-285 Florida Administrative Code. Florida LEV Program. The Department of Environmental Protection (Department) adopts this rule to establish a Florida low emission vehicle (LEV) program that implements California motor vehicle emission standards pursuant to s. 177 of the Clean Air Act. This rule refers to many sections of chapter 1, division 3, title 13 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), adopted and incorporated by reference at subsection 62-285.400(9), F.A.C. This rule also includes provisions specific to implementation in Florida.

Application to Coral Reefs:Reducing greenhouse gases will contibute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, this rule applies to any heavy-duty diesel engine powered motor vehicle. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies
Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards and Test Procedures, 62-242 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter pursuant to the Florida Clean Outdoor Air Law, Section 325.201, F.S., and in order to provide the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles with the necessary rules, standards, and criteria to administer the Florida Motor Vehicle Inspection Program. (2) The Legislature has directed that in order to implement the Motor Vehicle Inspection Program, the Department of Environmental Protection will set the standards and criteria listed below. (a) Designation of program area (Section 325.204, F.S.). (b) Emissions testing and inspection procedures (Section 325.206, F.S.). (c) Inspection pass/fail criteria (Section 325.206, F.S.). (d) Test equipment performance specifications (Sections 325.206, .212, and .213, F.S.). (e) Definition of low emission adjustment (Section 325.209, F.S.). (f) Inspection personnel training criteria (Section 325.213(1)(d), F.S.). (3) The Department has set the vehicle in-use emission standards at levels that are achievable with proper operation and maintenance of the various model year vehicles, if they have not been tampered with, and which will result in a significant reduction in ozone-causing air pollutant emissions from automobiles and light duty trucks. It is the Department�s intent that eligibility for emission control system performance warranty repairs of these vehicles be protected by reference to 40 CFR 85.2201 (Subpart W) � Emission Control System Performance Warranty Short Tests. (4) This chapter, and the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles rules it references, are intended as an integral part of the Department�s program to achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust.

Application to Coral Reefs:Regulation and stanards for air emissions will contribute to lower greenhouse gasses and assist in combating ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Climate Regulation; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Nutrients; Transportation Policies
National Marine Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 16 United States Code §§ 1431-1445. Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to designate and manage areas of the marine environment with special national significance due to their conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, scientific, cultural, archeological, educational, or esthetic qualities as National Marine Sanctuaries.

Application to Coral Reefs:Protects marine resources, such as coral reefs, sunken historical vessels, or unique habitats.

Legislative Actions:NOAA may impose civil penalties up tp $130,000 per day per violation. Criminal penalties were added in the 2000 amendments for interfering or resisting with any enforcement of the NMSA, or providing false information to the Secretary or any officer authorized to enforce NMSA. The 2000 amendments made it illegal to offer for sale, purchase, import, or export, any sanctuary resource and increased enforcement authority.

Comments:There are 13 marine sanctuaries in the National Marine Sactuary System, six of which were created after 1990. Each sanctuary has a separarte staff and program in its local region. 		National Oceanic Aatmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
Designated Marine Areas 		Apex Fish Predators; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Boating Regulations; CO2; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Coral; Corporate Responses; Designate Protected Species; Designated Uses; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Large Ships; Marine Birds; Marine Protected Areas; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Political Pressure; Recreational Opportunities; Remediation; Resource Use Management; Seagrasses; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Wetlands
Proposed Coral Reef Conservation Act Amendments of 2005, 2007 and 2009,. To preserve, sustain, and restore the condition of coral reef ecosystems, to promote the wise management and sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems, to benefit local communities and the Nation, to develop sound scientific information on the condition of coral reef ecosystems and threats to the ecosystems, to assist in the preservation of coral reefs by supporting and financing conservation programs including local and non-governmental programs, establish a formal mechanism for collecting and allocating monetary donations from the private sector to be used for coral reef conservation projects

Application to Coral Reefs:When passed, the Amendments, among other issues, would reauthorize the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000 and authorize appropriations through fiscal 2012 for the coral reef conservation program and community- based planning grants. Will authorize activities designed to minimize the likelihood of vessel impacts or other physical dammage to coral reefs, including activities to identify certain at-risk coral reefs. Promote international cooperation, codify the US Coral Reef Task Force.

Legislative Actions:Provided funding for matching grants, encouraged education and outreach, encouaged cooperative conservation and management through partnerships with other federal, state, regional and local partners including citizen groups.

Comments:The amendments would not add regulations to the Act. 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Jurisdiction:
US Coral Reefs 		Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Ballast Discharge; Boat Movement; CO2; Coral; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Educational & Research Opportunities; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation; Water Transportation
Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency, 62-016 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies provided for in Section 220.192, F.S. Specific Authority 377.804(3), 377.806(7), 220.192(3) FS. Law Implemented 377.801, 377.802, 377.803, 377.804, 377.806, 220.192 FS. History � New 10-22-07.

Application to Coral Reefs:The regulation could reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal fired electric generating plants and thus reduce ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter implements the Florida Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency Act, providing for grants for renewable energy technologies and rebates for solar energy systems. This chapter also implements applications for corporate tax credits for renewable energy technologies 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nutrients; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration
Requirements for Sources Subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program, 62-214 Florida Administrative Code. This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 C.F.R. Part 72. Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at either 40 CFR 72.2 or 76.2 or Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C. The provisions of 40 CFR Parts 72, 73, 74, 75, and 76 referenced in this rule are adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling toxic air emissions will contribute to a decrease in greenhouse gasses and assist in reducing ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:This chapter outlines the additional permitting requirements for Title V sources that are subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The rules under this chapter set forth requirements for the Acid Rain Part of an operation permit for a Title V source which is subject to the Federal Acid Rain Program. The Department intends that this chapter shall implement and be consistent with the federal requirements of 40 CFR. Part 72. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Climate Regulation; CO2; Energy Policy & Development; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Ocean Acidity
Stationary Sources - Emission Standards, 62-296 Florida Administrative Code. (1) The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish emission limiting standards and compliance requirements for stationary sources of air pollutant emissions. (2) The chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. Where work practice standards, including requirements for specific types of pollution control equipment, are provided for in this chapter, such standards shall be of the same force and effect as emission limiting standards. The emission limiting and work practice standards of Rule 62-296.320, F.A.C., and Rules 62-296.401 through 62-296.480, F.A.C., are applicable statewide. The reasonably available control technology requirements are established for specific areas of the state as set forth in Rules 62-296.500, 62-296.600, and 62-296.700, F.A.C. (3) A facility or emissions unit subject to any standard or requirement of 40 CFR. Part 60, 61, 63 or 65, adopted and incorporated by reference at Rule 62-204.800, F.A.C., shall comply with such standard or requirement. Nothing in this chapter shall relieve a facility or emissions unit from complying with such standard or requirement, provided, however, that where a facility or emissions unit is subject to a standard established in this chapter, such standard shall also apply. (4) Words and phrases used in this chapter, unless clearly indicated otherwise, are defined at Rule 62-210.200, F.A.C.

Application to Coral Reefs:Controlling air emission pollutants can assist in controlling ocean acid acidification and the damaging effect of ocean water acidification on coral reefs.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To protect air quality, the chapter includes emission limitations for specific categories of facilities and emissions units, and it establishes reasonably available control technology requirements. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; Chemical Use Regulations; Climate Regulation; CO2; Corporate Responses; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients
Tampering with Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Equipment, 62-243 Florida Administrative Code. The Department of Environmental Protection adopts this chapter to establish procedures to determine compliance with those parts of Section 316.2935, F.S., which provide that no person shall operate on the public roads or streets of this state any motor vehicle that has been tampered with and that no person or motor vehicle dealer as defined in Section 320.27, F.S., shall offer or display for retail sale or lease, sell, lease or transfer title to a motor vehicle in Florida that has been tampered with. Specific Authority: 316.2935, F.S. Law Implemented: 316.2935, 316.6105, 318.18, 325.209, F.S. History.: New 2-21-90, Amended 5-29-90, Formerly 17-243.100.

Application to Coral Reefs:Vehicles with properly operating air pollution control equipment will dischage less air polllutants and will contribute to a decrease in ocean acidification.

Legislative Actions:

Comments:To achieve and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; and to control nuisance exhaust by ensuring that that the air pollution control equipment of the motor
vehicle has not been tampered with. 		Florida State Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
 Atmospheric Emissions; CO2; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Land & Air Transportation; Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Point & Mobile Source Controls; Transportation Policies

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