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Anemones & Zooanthids

Anemones & Zooanthids

Anemones & zooanthids are cnidarians very similar to coral, but are not characteristic reef builders.

CMap

Algae are aquatic, photosynthetic plant-like organisms and include calcareous macroalgae, fleshy macroalgae, turf algae, and crustose coralline algae. Anemones & zooanthids are cnidarians very similar to coral, but are not characteristic reef builders. Aquarium Stock is aquatic life that humans collect for sale to commercial aquariums or individual hobbyists. Complex habitat and resources reflects the complex architecture of sessile, plant-like organisms, such as octocoral and sponges, which provides shelter and protection for small fish and other invertebrates from predators. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Coral is a colonial marine animal consisting of polyps. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem monitoring and restoration refers to responses to directly alter the condition of the reef ecosystem through restoration or remediation activities, setting limits on degradation through biological criteria or water quality criteria, or improving knowledge through monitoring, mapping, and scientific research. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. Landuse management pertains to responses that determine the use of land for development and construction. Marine products are non-food goods derived from reefs that promote human well-being (e.g, aquarium fish or ornamental resources) and human health (e.g., pharmaceuticals and cosmetics). The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Habitat is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the benthic components of the reef ecosystem. Reef Inhabitants are all of the motile components of the reef ecosystem, including fish, invertebrates, marine reptiles and mammals, and are quantified by their abundance, distribution, and condition. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Sponges are sessile colonial animals with soft porous bodies supported by a fibrous skeletal framework. Supporting services are ecological processes that indirectly benefit humans by maintaining a functional ecosystem for the production of other ecosystem goods and services.

CMap Description

Anemones & zooanthids compete for space with coral, sponges, and algae. Although, a relatively small proportion of the reef, anemones & zooanthids provide aquarium stock for the aquarium and pet trade and contribute to the supporting service of complex habitat & resources for reef inhabitants. Pressures, created by socio-economic drivers, can affect the growth and survival of anemones directly or indirectly, by altering the physical & chemical environment of the reef. To maintain a sustainable yield of anemone & zooanthid services biological monitoring & restoration is essential in identifying changes and determining appropriate responses actions.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Alagely, A; Krediet, CJ; Ritchie, KB; Teplitski, M. 2011. Signaling-mediated cross-talk modulates swarming and biofilm formation in a coral pathogen Serratia marcescens. ISME Journal 5:1609-1620. 2011 Global Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Ang, TZ; Manica, A. 2011. Effect of the Presence of Subordinates on Dominant Female Behaviour and Fitness in Hierarchies of the Dwarf Angelfish Centropyge bicolor. Ethology 117:1111-1119. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Funding & Incentives; Invertivorous Fish
Bertucci, A; Tambutte, S; Supuran, CT; Allemand, D; Zoccola, D. 2011. A New Coral Carbonic Anhydrase in Stylophora pistillata. Marine Biotechnology 13:992-1002. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Buston, PM; Elith, J. 2011. Determinants of reproductive success in dominant pairs of clownfish: a boosted regression tree analysis. Journal of Animal Ecology 80:528-538. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Carreiro-Silva, M; Braga-Henriques, A; Sampaio, I; de Matos, V; Porteiro, FM; Ocana, O. 2011. Isozoanthus primnoidus, a new species of zoanthid (Cnidaria: Zoantharia) associated with the gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea). ICES Journal of Marine Science 68:408-415. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Chimetto, LA; Cleenwerck, I; Alves, N; Silva, BS; Brocchi, M; Willems, A; De Vos, P; Thompson, FL. 2011. Vibrio communis sp. nov., isolated from the marine animals Mussismilia hispida, Phyllogorgia dilatata, Palythoa caribaeorum, Palythoa variabilis and Litopenaeus vannamei. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61:362-368. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Chimetto, LA; Cleenwerck, I; Moreira, APB; Brocchi, M; Willems, A; De Vos, P; Thompson, FL. 2011. Vibrio variabilis sp nov and Vibrio maritimus sp nov., isolated from Palythoa caribaeorum. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61:3009-3015. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Piscivorous Fish
Cleveland, A; Verde, EA; Lee, RW. 2011. Nutritional exchange in a tropical tripartite symbiosis: direct evidence for the transfer of nutrients from anemonefish to host anemone and zooxanthellae. Marine Biology 158:589-602. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Costa, DL; Gomes, PB; Santos, AM; Valenca, NS; Vieira, NA; Perez, CD. 2011. Morphological plasticity in the reef zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum as an adaptive strategy. Annales Zoologici Fennici 48:349-358. 2011 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Ports & Harbors; Sediment; Stony Coral
Crowther, AL; Fautin, DG; Wallace, CC. 2011. Stylobates birtlesi sp. n., a new species of carcinoecium-forming sea anemone (Cnidaria,Actiniaria,Actiniidae) from eastern Australia. Zookeys 33-48. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India Anemones & Zooanthids; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octopus & Squid
D'Aloia, CC; Majoris, JE; Buston, PM. 2011. Predictors of the distribution and abundance of a tube sponge and its resident goby. Coral Reefs 30:777-786. 2011 South & Central America; Belize Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Detournay, O; Weis, VM. 2011. Role of the Sphingosine Rheostat in the Regulation of Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbioses. Biological Bulletin 221:261-269. 2011 Cuba Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
Dixson, DL; Munday, PL; Pratchett, M; Jones, GP. 2011. Ontogenetic changes in responses to settlement cues by Anemonefish. Coral Reefs 30:903-910. 2011 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Edmunds, PJ; Cumbo, V; Fan, TY. 2011. Effects of temperature on the respiration of brooded larvae from tropical reef corals. Journal of Experimental Biology 214:2783-2790. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Stony Coral
Fin, A; Petkova, I; Doval, DA; Sakai, N; Vauthey, E; Matile, S. 2011. Naphthalene-and perylenediimides with hydroquinones, catechols, boronic esters and imines in the core. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 9:8246-8252. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids
Galliot, B; Quiquand, M. 2011. A two-step process in the emergence of neurogenesis. European Journal of Neuroscience 34:847-862. 2011 China Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral
Ganot, P; Moya, A; Magnone, V; Allemand, D; Furla, P; Sabourault, C. 2011. Adaptations to Endosymbiosis in a Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Association: Differential Gene Expression and Specific Gene Duplications. Plos Genetics 7. 2011 Model; GIS & Maps Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids
Genikhovich, G; Technau, U. 2011. Complex functions of Mef2 splice variants in the differentiation of endoderm and of a neuronal cell type in a sea anemone. Development 138:4911-4919. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids
Genzano, G; Giberto, D; Bremec, C. 2011. Benthic survey of natural and artificial reefs off Mar del Plata, Argentina, southwestern Atlantic. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 39:553-566. 2011 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Cuba Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Octocoral; Recreational Fishing; Substrate; Tourism & Recreation
Grasso, LC; Negri, AP; Foret, S; Saint, R; Hayward, DC; Miller, DJ; Ball, EE. 2011. The biology of coral metamorphosis: Molecular responses of larvae to inducers of settlement and metamorphosis. Developmental Biology 353:411-419. 2011 China; Europe Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Coralline Algae; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral
Hirose, M; Obuchi, M; Hirose, E; Reimer, JD. 2011. Timing of Spawning and Early Development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin 220:23-31. 2011 Japan Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Hoeksema, BW; Crowther, AL. 2011. Masquerade, mimicry and crypsis of the polymorphic sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni and its aggregations in South Sulawesi. Contributions to Zoology 80:251-268. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Holbrook, SJ; Schmitt, RJ; Brooks, AJ. 2011. Indirect effects of species interactions on habitat provisioning. Oecologia 166:739-749. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Seastars; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Huang, YCA; Hsieh, HJ; Huang, SC; Meng, PJ; Chen, YS; Keshavmurthy, S; Nozawa, Y; Chen, CA. 2011. Nutrient enrichment caused by marine cage culture and its influence on subtropical coral communities in turbid waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 423:83-93. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Taiwan Index or Indicator Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Nutrients; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral
Irei, Y; Nozawa, Y; Reimer, JD. 2011. Distribution Patterns of Five Zoanthid Species at Okinawa Island, Japan. Zoological Studies 50:426-433. 2011 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Sediment
Kemp, DW; Oakley, CA; Thornhill, DJ; Newcomb, LA; Schmidt, GW; Fitt, AK. 2011. Catastrophic mortality on inshore coral reefs of the Florida Keys due to severe low-temperature stress. Global Change Biology 17:3468-3477. 2011 Global; South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Ocean Acidity; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Kerr, AM; Baird, AH; Hughes, TP. 2011. Correlated evolution of sex and reproductive mode in corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:75-81. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Krishna, MJ; Gophane, A; Ravindran, C; Ingole, BS; Anjeneyulu, Y; Deepti, D; Meena, RM. 2011. Identification of a marine zoanthid Zoanthus sansibaricus (Carlgren) from the intertidal rocky shore of Anjuna (Goa) using morphological and molecular analyses. Current Science 101:1079-1086. 2011 Australia; India Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids
Kvitt, H; Rosenfeld, H; Zandbank, K; Tchernov, D. 2011. Regulation of Apoptotic Pathways by Stylophora pistillata (Anthozoa, Pocilloporidae) to Survive Thermal Stress and Bleaching. PLoS One 6. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Mercier, A; Sun, Z; Hamel, JF. 2011. Internal brooding favours pre-metamorphic chimerism in a non-colonial cnidarian, the sea anemone Urticina felina. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:3517-3522. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids
Morar, SR; Bury, SJ; Wilkinson, SP; Davy, SK. 2011. Sedimentary nitrogen uptake and assimilation in the temperate zooxanthellate sea anemone Anthopleura aureoradiata. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 399:110-119. 2011 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Nordt, SP; Wu, J; Zahller, S; Clark, RF; Cantrell, FL. 2011. Palytoxin Poisoning After Dermal Contact With Zoanthid Coral. Journal of Emergency Medicine 40:397-399. 2011 Oman Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Pelin, M; Zanette, C; De Bortoli, M; Sosa, S; Della Loggia, R; Tubaro, A; Florio, C. 2011. Effects of the marine toxin palytoxin on human skin keratinocytes: Role of ionic imbalance. Toxicology 282:30-38. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids
Pernice, M; Dunn, SR; Miard, T; Dufour, S; Dove, S; Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 2011. Regulation of Apoptotic Mediators Reveals Dynamic Responses to Thermal Stress in the Reef Building Coral Acropora millepora. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global; Cuba Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Piraino, S; Zega, G; Di Benedetto, C; Leone, A; Dell'Anna, A; Pennati, R; Carnevali, DC; Schmid, V; Reichert, H. 2011. Complex Neural Architecture in the Diploblastic Larva of Clava multicornis (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Journal of Comparative Neurology 519:1931-1951. 2011 China; Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Substrate
Polak, O; Loya, Y; Brickner, I; Kramarski-Winter, E; Benayahu, Y. 2011. The Widely-Distributed Indo-Pacific Zoanthid Palythoa Tuberculosa: A Sexually Conservative Strategist. Bulletin of Marine Science 87:605-621. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids
Reimer, JD; Obuchi, M; Irei, Y; Fujii, T; Nozawa, Y. 2011. Shallow-Water Brachycnemic Zoanthids (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) from Taiwan: A Preliminary Survey. Zoological Studies 50:363-371. 2011 Australia; Japan; Vietnam; Taiwan Anemones & Zooanthids; Marine Products
Reininger, M. 2011. Mimicry in juvenile wrasses: ecological and behavioural aspects of a Coris-Amphiprion relationship in the northern Red Sea. Zoology in the Middle East 54:23-34. 2011 Middle East; Egypt Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Rincon-Diaz, MP; Diez, CE; Van Dam, RP; Sabat, AM. 2011. Foraging Selectivity of the Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Culebra Archipelago, Puerto Rico. Journal of Herpetology 45:277-282. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Fleshy Macroalgae; Sea Turtles; Sponges; Tube, Barrel, & Finger Sponges
Roopin, M; Thornhill, DJ; Santos, SR; Chadwick, NE. 2011. Ammonia flux, physiological parameters, and Symbiodinium diversity in the anemonefish symbiosis on Red Sea coral reefs. Symbiosis 53:63-74. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Light; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Rushworth, KJW; Smith, SDA; Cowden, KL; Purcell, SW. 2011. Optimal temperature for growth and condition of an endemic subtropical anemonefish. Aquaculture 318:479-482. 2011 Australia Model; Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquaculture; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Climate; Fish; Sea Temperatures
Ryu, T; Mavromatis, CH; Bayer, T; Voolstra, CR; Ravasi, T. 2011. Unexpected complexity of the Reef-Building Coral Acropora millepora transcription factor network. BMC Systems Biology 5. 2011 Global Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Ocean Acidity; Stony Coral
Saenz-Agudelo, P; Jones, GP; Thorrold, SR; Planes, S. 2011. Detrimental effects of host anemone bleaching on anemonefish populations. Coral Reefs 30:497-506. 2011 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Scott, A; Malcolm, HA; Damiano, C; Richardson, DL. 2011. Long-term increases in abundance of anemonefish and their host sea anemones in an Australian marine protected area. Marine and Freshwater Research 62:187-196. 2011 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Segal, B; Castro, CB. 2011. Coral Community Structure And Sedimentation At Different Distances From The Coast Of The Abrolhos Bank, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 59:119-129. 2011 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Sediment; Stony Coral
Shinzato, C; Shoguchi, E; Kawashima, T; Hamada, M; Hisata, K; Tanaka, M; Fujie, M; Fujiwara, M; Koyanagi, R; Ikuta, T; Fujiyama, A; Miller, DJ; Satoh, N. 2011. Using the Acropora digitifera genome to understand coral responses to environmental change. Nature 476:320-U82. 2011 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Light; Ocean Acidity
Tchernov, D; Kvitt, H; Haramaty, L; Bibby, TS; Gorbunov, MY; Rosenfeld, H; Falkowski, PG. 2011. Apoptosis and the selective survival of host animals following thermal bleaching in zooxanthellate corals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108:9905-9909. 2011 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Light; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Technau, U; Steele, RE. 2011. Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Cnidaria. Development 138:1447-1458. 2011 Model Anemones & Zooanthids
Tubaro, A; Durando, P; Del Favero, G; Ansaldi, F; Icardi, G; Deeds, JR; Sosa, S. 2011. Case definitions for human poisonings postulated to palytoxins exposure. Toxicon 57:478-495. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids
Voolstra, CR; Sunagawa, S; Matz, MV; Bayer, T; Aranda, M; Buschiazzo, E; DeSalvo, MK; Lindquist, E; Szmant, AM; Coffroth, MA; Medina, M. 2011. Rapid Evolution of Coral Proteins Responsible for Interaction with the Environment. PLoS One 6. 2011 Global Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Stony Coral
Williams, GJ; Knapp, IS; Aeby, GS; Davy, SK. 2011. Spatial and temporal patterns of scleractinian coral, soft coral, and zoanthid disease on a remote, near-pristine coral reef (Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 94:89-100. 2011 South & Central America; Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Palmyra Atoll; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Complex Habitat & Resources; Octocoral; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Williams, GJ; Work, TM; Aeby, GS; Knapp, IS; Davy, SK. 2011. Gross and microscopic morphology of lesions in Cnidaria from Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 106:165-173. 2011 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Palmyra Atoll; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sponges; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Williams, RB; Moore, PG. 2011. An annotated catalogue of the marine biological paintings of Thomas Alan Stephenson (1898-1961). Archives of Natural History 38:242-266. 2011 Australia Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Museums, Amusement Parks, Historical Sites
Wolenski, FS; Garbati, MR; Lubinski, TJ; Traylor-Knowles, N; Dresselhaus, E; Stefanik, DJ; Goucher, H; Finnerty, JR; Gilmore, TD. 2011. Characterization of the Core Elements of the NF-kappa B Signaling Pathway of the Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis. Journal of Bacteriology 193:1076-U1087. 2011 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Pathogens
Wolenski, FS; Garbati, MR; Lubinski, TJ; Traylor-Knowles, N; Dresselhaus, E; Stefanik, DJ; Goucher, H; Finnerty, JR; Gilmore, TD. 2011. Characterization of the Core Elements of the NF-kappa B Signaling Pathway of the Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis. Molecular and Cellular Biology 31:1076-1087. 2011 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Pathogens
Wong, MYL. 2011. Group Size in Animal Societies: The Potential Role of Social and Ecological Limitations in the Group-Living Fish, Paragobiodon xanthosomus. Ethology 117:638-644. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids
Yuyama, I; Watanabe, T; Takei, Y. 2011. Profiling Differential Gene Expression of Symbiotic and Aposymbiotic Corals Using a High Coverage Gene Expression Profiling (HiCEP) Analysis. Marine Biotechnology 13:32-40. 2011 Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Zhu, BH; Pan, KH; Wang, GC. 2011. Effects of host starvation on the symbiotic dinoflagellates from the sea anemone Stichodactyla mertensii. Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective 32:15-23. 2011 Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Arbeloa, E. M., M. O. Carignan, F. H. Acuna, M. S. Churio, and J. I. Carreto. 2010. Mycosporine-like amino acid content in the sea anemones Aulactinia marplatensis, Oulactis muscosa and Anthothoe chilensis. Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology B-biochemistry & Molecular Biology 156:216-221. 2010 Anemones & Zooanthids; Light
Deeds, J. R. and M. D. Schwartz. 2010. Human risk associated with palytoxin exposure. Toxicon 56:150-162. 2010 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
DeSalvo, M. K., S. Sunagawa, C. R. Voolstra, and M. Medina. 2010. Transcriptomic responses to heat stress and bleaching in the elkhorn coral Acropora palmata. Marine Ecology Progress Series 402:97-113. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Francini, R. B. and R. L. de Moura. 2010. Predation On The Toxic Zoanthid Palythoa Caribaeorum By Reef Fishes In The Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58:77-79. 2010 Anemones & Zooanthids
Goddard, J. H. R. and M. S. Love. 2010. Megabenthic Invertebrates On Shell Mounds Associated With Oil And Gas Platforms Off California. Bulletin of Marine Science 86:533-554. 2010 Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Invasive Species; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Oil & Gas Rigs; Sea Urchins; Seastars
Hiscock, K., S. Sharrock, J. Highfield, and D. Snelling. 2010. Colonization of an artificial reef in south-west England-ex-HMS 'Scylla'. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:69-94. 2010 England Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Coastal Defense; Military; Planktivorous Fish; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Sponges
Ikmi, A. and M. C. Gibson. 2010. Identification and In Vivo Characterization of NvFP-7R, a Developmentally Regulated Red Fluorescent Protein of Nematostella vectensis. PLoS One 5:e11807. 2010 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids
Iwata, E., Y. Nagai, and H. Sasaki. 2010. Social rank modulates brain arginine vasotocin immunoreactivity in false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 36:337-345. 2010 Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Special Use Permitting
LaJeunesse, T. C., R. Smith, M. Walther, J. Pinzon, D. T. Pettay, M. McGinley, M. Aschaffenburg, P. Medina-Rosas, A. L. Cupul-Magana, A. L. Perez, H. Reyes-Bonilla, and M. E. Warner. 2010. Host-symbiont recombination versus natural selection in the response of coral-dinoflagellate symbioses to environmental disturbance. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:2925-2934. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Mexico Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Invasive Species; Stony Coral
Main, W. P. L., C. Ross, and G. K. Bielmyer. 2010. Copper accumulation and oxidative stress in the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, after waterborne copper exposure. Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology 151:216-221. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Zooxanthellae
McCammon, A., P. C. Sikkel, and D. Nemeth. 2010. Effects of three Caribbean cleaner shrimps on ectoparasitic monogeneans in a semi-natural environment. Coral Reefs 29:419-426. 2010 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Mills, S. C., J. Mourier, and R. Galzin. 2010. Plasma cortisol and 11-ketotestosterone enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit validation for three fish species: the orange clownfish Amphiprion percula, the orangefin anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus and the blacktip reef shark Carcharhinus melanopterus. Journal of Fish Biology 77:769-777. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Fish
Pinsky, M. L., H. R. Montes, and S. R. Palumbi. 2010. Using Isolation By Distance And Effective Density To Estimate Dispersal Scales In Anemonefish. Evolution 64:2688-2700. 2010 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Reitzel, A. M., L. Behrendt, and A. M. Tarrant. 2010. Light Entrained Rhythmic Gene Expression in the Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis: The Evolution of the Animal Circadian Clock. PLoS One 5:e12805. 2010 Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Ricciardi, F., M. Boyer, and J. Ollerton. 2010. Assemblage and interaction structure of the anemonefish-anemone mutualism across the Manado region of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Environmental Biology of Fishes 87:333-347. 2010 Indonesia Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rodriguez, S., A. Croquer, D. Bone, and C. Bastidas. 2010. Severity of the 1998 and 2005 bleaching events in Venezuela, southern Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:189-196. 2010 Global; South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Safavi-Hemami, H., N. D. Young, J. Doyle, L. Llewellyn, and A. Klueter. 2010. Characterisation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Three Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbioses. PLoS One 5:e10379. 2010 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Salvati, E., M. Angiolillo, M. Bo, G. Bavestrello, M. Giusti, A. Cardinali, S. Puce, C. Spaggiari, S. Greco, and S. Canese. 2010. The population of Errina aspera (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) of the Messina Strait (Mediterranean Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90:1331-1336. 2010 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Anemones & Zooanthids
Schlesinger, A., E. Kramarsky-Winter, H. Rosenfeld, R. Armoza-Zvoloni, and Y. Loya. 2010. Sexual Plasticity and Self-Fertilization in the Sea Anemone Aiptasia diaphana. PLoS One 5:e11874. 2010 Lab Study; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Substrate
Shiroma, E. and J. D. Reimer. 2010. Investigations into the Reproductive Patterns, Ecology, and Morphology in the Zoanthid Genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in Okinawa, Japan. Zoological Studies 49:182-194. 2010 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Vermeij, M. J. A., K. L. Marhaver, C. M. Huijbers, I. Nagelkerken, and S. D. Simpson. 2010. Coral Larvae Move toward Reef Sounds. PLoS One 5:e10660. 2010 Anemones & Zooanthids; Plankton; Substrate
Yancey, P. H., M. Heppenstall, S. Ly, R. M. Andrell, R. D. Gates, V. L. Carter, and M. Hagedorn. 2010. Betaines and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as Major Osmolytes in Cnidaria with Endosymbiotic Dinoflagellates. Physiological And Biochemical Zoology 83:167-173. 2010 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Amaral, F. M. D., C. A. C. Ramos, Z. M. A. N. Leao, R. K. P. Kikuchi, K. K. M. Lima, L. L. Longo, R. T. S. Cordeiro, S. M. A. Lira, and S. L. Vasconcelos. 2009. Checklist and morphometry of benthic cnidarians from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 50:277-290. 2009 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Hydrocoral; Marine Protected Areas; Stony Coral
Bialonska, D. and J. K. Zjawiony. 2009. Aplysinopsins - Marine indole alkaloids: Chemistry, bioactivity and ecological significance. Marine Drugs 7:166-183. 2009 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indonesia; Caribbean Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges; Stony Coral
Buston, P. M. and A. G. Zink. 2009. Reproductive skew and the evolution of conflict resolution: a synthesis of transactional and tug-of-war models. Behavioral Ecology 20:672-684. 2009 Model Anemones & Zooanthids
Chimetto, L. A., M. Brocchi, M. Gondo, C. C. Thompson, B. Gomez-Gil, and F. L. Thompson. 2009. Genomic diversity of vibrios associated with the Brazilian coral Mussismilia hispida and its sympatric zoanthids (Palythoa caribaeorum, Palythoa variabilis and Zoanthus solanderi). Journal of Applied Microbiology 106:1818-1826. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Deforestation & Devegetation; Microorganisms
Clode, P. L., M. Saunders, G. Maker, M. Ludwig, and C. A. Atkins. 2009. Uric acid deposits in symbiotic marine algae. Plant, Cell and Environment 32:170-177. 2009 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Cooper, W. J., L. L. Smith, and M. W. Westneat. 2009. Exploring the radiation of a diverse reef fish family: Phylogenetics of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae), with new classifications based on molecular analyses of all genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52:1-16. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Darling, J. A., A. Kuenzi, and A. M. Reitzel. 2009. Human-mediated transport determines the non-native distribution of the anemone Nematostella vectensis, a dispersal-limited estuarine invertebrate. Marine Ecology Progress Series 380:137-146. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Invasive Species
Dunn, S. R. and V. M. Weis. 2009. Apoptosis as a post-phagocytic winnowing mechanism in a coral-dinoflagellate mutualism. Environmental Microbiology 11:268-276. 2009 Cuba Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Garese, A., H. M. Guzman, and F. H. Acuna. 2009. Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from Panama. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia 44:791-802. 2009 Panama Anemones & Zooanthids
Godinot, C. and N. E. Chadwick. 2009. Phosphate Excretion By Anemonefish And Uptake By Giant Sea Anemones: Demand Outstrips Supply. Bulletin of Marine Science 85:1-9. 2009 Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Hahn, Y. 2009. Molecular Evolution of TEPP Protein Genes in Metazoans. Pages 14-Jan Biochemical Genetics. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Tunicates
Hattori, A. and M. Kobayashi. 2009. Incorporating fine-scale seascape composition in an assessment of habitat quality for the giant sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea in a coral reef shore zone. Ecological Research 24:415-422. 2009 Japan Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Seagrasses
Ho, C. T., Y. C. Fu, C. L. Sun, S. J. Kao, and R. Q. Jan. 2009. Plasticity of Feeding Habits of Two Plectroglyphidodon Damselfishes on Coral Reefs in Southern Taiwan: Evidence from Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analyses. Zoological Studies 48:649-656. 2009 Taiwan Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
James Cooper, W., L. L. Smith, and M. W. Westneat. 2009. Exploring the radiation of a diverse reef fish family: Phylogenetics of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae), with new classifications based on molecular analyses of all genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52:16-Jan. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Kimura, A., E. Sakaguchi, and M. Nonaka. 2009. Multi-component complement system of Cnidaria: C3, Bf, and MASP genes expressed in the endodermal tissues of a sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Immunobiology 214:165-178. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids
Levenbach, S. 2009. Grazing intensity influences the strength of an associational refuge on temperate reefs. Oecologia 159:181-190. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Sea Urchins; Turf Algae
Liu, P. J., K. T. Shao, R. Q. Jan, T. Y. Fan, S. L. Wong, J. S. Hwang, J. P. Chen, C. C. Chen, and H. J. Lin. 2009. A trophic model of fringing coral reefs in Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan suggests overfishing. Marine Environmental Research 68:106-117. 2009 Taiwan Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Liu, P. J., S. M. Lin, T. Y. Fan, P. J. Meng, K. T. Shao, and H. J. Lin. 2009. Rates of overgrowth by macroalgae and attack by sea anemones are greater for live coral than dead coral under conditions of nutrient enrichment. Limnology and Oceanography 54:1167-1175. 2009 Taiwan Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Mayfield, A. B., M. B. Hirst, and R. D. Gates. 2009. Gene expression normalization in a dual-compartment system: A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocol for symbiotic anthozoans. Molecular Ecology Resources 9:462-470. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Meyer, E., G. V. Aglyamova, S. Wang, J. Buchanan-Carter, D. Abrego, J. K. Colbourne, B. L. Willis, and M. V. Matz. 2009. Sequencing and de novo analysis of a coral larval transcriptome using 454 GSFlx. BMC Genomics 10. 2009 Global Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Stony Coral
Nordt, S. P., J. Wu, F. L. Cantrell, and R. F. Clark. 2009. Palytoxin Poisoning Following Dermal Contact with Zoanthid Coral. Clinical Toxicology 47. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids
Parmentier, E., O. Colleye, and D. Mann. 2009. Hearing ability in three clownfish species. Journal of Experimental Biology 212:2022-2025. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Petkewich, R. 2009. Off-balance ocean. Chemical and Engineering News 87. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity
Planes, S., G. P. Jones, and S. R. Thorrold. 2009. Larval dispersal connects fish populations in a network of marine protected areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:5693-5697. 2009 Papua New Guinea Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Pollack, K., K. Balazs, and O. Ogunseitan. 2009. Proteomic assessment of caffeine effects on coral symbionts. Environmental Science and Technology 43:2085-2091. 2009 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Sea Temperatures; Wastewater Discharge
Reimer, J. D. and P. A. Todd. 2009. Preliminary Molecular Examination Of Zooxanthellate Zoanthids (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) And Associated Zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium Spp.) Diversity In Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 103-120. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; India; Malaysia; Pacific Ocean; Japan; Vietnam Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Roopin, M. and N. E. Chadwick. 2009. Benefits to host sea anemones from ammonia contributions of resident anemonefish. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 370:27-34. 2009 Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Sabourault, C., P. Ganot, E. Deleury, D. Allemand, and P. Furla. 2009. Comprehensive EST analysis of the symbiotic sea anemone, Anemonia viridis. BMC Genomics 10:333. 2009 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Schlesinger, A., E. Kramarsky-Winter, and Y. Loya. 2009. Active Nematocyst Isolation Via Nudibranchs. Marine Biotechnology 11:441-444. 2009 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Biomedical Research Policies; Discharges; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Scott, A. and P. L. Harrison. 2009. Gametogenic and reproductive cycles of the sea anemone, Entacmaea quadricolor. Marine Biology 156:1659-1671. 2009 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Study Location Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Seemann, P., C. Gernert, S. Schmitt, D. Mebs, and U. Hentschel. 2009. Detection of hemolytic bacteria from Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Zoantharia) using a novel palytoxin-screening assay. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology 0:7-Jan. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms; Sponges
Sonnenholzner, J. I., L. B. Ladah, and K. D. Lafferty. 2009. Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities: Reanalysis using corrected data. Marine Ecology Progress Series 375:209-218. 2009 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
Sunagawa, S., E. C. Wilson, M. Thaler, M. L. Smith, C. Caruso, J. R. Pringle, V. M. Weis, M. Medina, and J. A. Schwarz. 2009. Generation and analysis of transcriptomic resources for a model system on the rise: the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida and its dinoflagellate endosymbiont. BMC Genomics 10:258. 2009 Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research
Sunagawa, S., M. K. DeSalvo, C. R. Voolstra, A. Reyes-Bermudez, and M. Medina. 2009. Identification and gene expression analysis of a taxonomically restricted cysteine-rich protein family in reef-building corals. PLoS One 4. 2009 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Van Alstyne, K. L., V. J. Dominique III, and G. Muller-Parker. 2009. Is dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) produced by the symbionts or the host in an anemone-zooxanthella symbiosis? Coral Reefs 28:167-176. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Van Alstyne, K., V. J. Dominique, and G. Muller-Parker. 2009. Is dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) produced by the symbionts or the host in an anemone-zooxanthella symbiosis? Coral Reefs 28:167-176. 2009 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Venn, A. A., E. Tambutte, S. Lotto, D. Zoccola, D. Allemand, and S. Tambutte. 2009. Imaging intracellular pH in a reef coral and symbiotic anemone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106:16574-16579. 2009 Global; Cuba Model; GIS & Maps Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Primary Production
Wang, S., L. L. Zhang, E. Meyer, and M. V. Matz. 2009. Construction of a high-resolution genetic linkage map and comparative genome analysis for the reef-building coral Acropora millepora. Genome Biology 10:R126. 2009 Global Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Marine Worms; Stony Coral
Weil, E., A. Croquer, and I. Urreiztieta. 2009. Temporal variability and impact of coral diseases and bleaching in La Parguera, Puerto Rico from 2003-2007. Caribbean Journal of Science 45:221-246. 2009 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Coralline Algae; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Pathogens; Sponges; Stony Coral
Da Silva, M., M. R. Z. Passarini, R. C. Bonugli, and L. D. Sette. 2008. Cnidarian-derived filamentous fungi from Brazil: Isolation, characterisation and RBBR decolourisation screening. Environmental Technology 29:1331-1339. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Remediation; Stony Coral
Denker, E., E. Bapteste, H. Le Guyader, M. Manuel, and N. Rabet. 2008. Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of cnidarian stinging cells. Current Biology 18. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms
Dixson, D. L., G. P. Jones, P. L. Munday, S. Planes, M. S. Pratchett, M. Srinivasan, C. Syms, and S. R. Thorrold. 2008. Coral reef fish smell leaves to find island homes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275:2831-2839. 2008 Papua New Guinea Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Housing
Fattorusso, E., A. Romano, O. Taglialatela-Scafati, M. Janib Achmad, G. Bavestrello, and C. Cerrano. 2008. Lobozoanthamine, a new zoanthamine-type alkaloid from the Indonesian soft coral Lobophytum sp. Tetrahedron Letters 49:2189-2192. 2008 Indonesia Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Ghorashi, S. A., S. M. Fatemi, F. Amini, M. Houshmand, R. Salehi Tabar, and K. Hazaie. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of anemone fishes of the Persian Gulf using mtDNA sequences. African Journal of Biotechnology 7:2074-2080. 2008 Iran Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Small Herbivorous Fish
Goldstone, J. V. 2008. Environmental sensing and response genes in cnidaria: The chemical defensome in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Cell Biology and Toxicology 24:483-502. 2008 Review; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Sea Urchins; Toxics; Tunicates
Grasso, L. C., J. Maindonald, S. Rudd, D. C. Hayward, R. Saint, D. J. Miller, and E. E. Ball. 2008. Microarray analysis identifies candidate genes for key roles in coral development. BMC Genomics 9:540. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Pathogens; Stony Coral
Hoffmann, K., M. Hermanns-Clausen, C. Buhl, M. W. Buchler, P. Schemmer, D. Mebs, and S. Kauferstein. 2008. A case of palytoxin poisoning due to contact with zoanthid corals through a skin injury. Toxicon 51:1535-1537. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids
Jones, A. M., S. Gardner, and W. Sinclair. 2008. Losing 'Nemo': Bleaching and collection appear to reduce inshore populations of anemonefishes. Journal of Fish Biology 73:753-761. 2008 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium Stock; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Small Herbivorous Fish
Knack, B. A., A. Iguchi, C. Shinzato, D. C. Hayward, E. E. Ball, and D. J. Miller. 2008. Unexpected diversity of cnidarian integrins: Expression during coral gastrulation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Stony Coral
Korzeniewski, K. 2008. Land and marine fauna constituting a threat for recreational divers in the tropics [Fauna morska i ladowa stanowiaca zagrożenie dla nurkujacych rekreacyjnie w tropiku]. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 25:294-297. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Arthropods; Climate; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Piscivorous Fish; Tourism & Recreation
Ladriere, O., P. Compere, N. Decloux, P. Vandewalle, and M. Poulicek. 2008. Morphological alterations of zooxanthellae in bleached cnidarian hosts. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 49:215-227. 2008 Madagascar Index or Indicator Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Levenbach, S. 2008. Behavioral mechanism for an associational refuge for macroalgae on temperate reefs. Marine Ecology Progress Series 370:45-52. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Ports & Harbors; Sea Urchins
Levenbach, S. 2008. Community-wide ramifications of an associational refuge on shallow rocky reefs. Ecology 89:2819-2828. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Sea Urchins
Mendonca-Neto, J. P., C. E. L. Ferreira, L. C. T. Chaves, and R. C. Pereira. 2008. Influence of Palythoa caribaeorum (Anthozoa, Cnidaria) zonation on site-attached reef fishes. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 80:494-513. 2008 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Miller, C. G. and M. Lowe. 2008. The Natural History Museum Blaschka collections. Historical Biology 20:51-62. 2008 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Octopus & Squid
Reimer, J. D., M. Nonaka, F. Sinniger, and F. Iwase. 2008. Morphological and molecular characterization of a new genus and new species of parazoanthid (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) associated with Japanese Red Coral. Coral Reefs 27:935-949. 2008 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Sediment
Reitzel, A. M., J. C. Sullivan, N. Traylor-Knowles, and J. R. Finnerty. 2008. Genomic survey of candidate stress-response genes in the estuarine anemone Nematostella vectensis. Biological Bulletin 214:233-254. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Coastal Development; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Light; Nutrients; Pathogens; Salinity; Stony Coral
Reynolds, J. M., B. U. Bruns, W. K. Fitt, and G. W. Schmidt. 2008. Enhanced photoprotection pathways in symbiotic dinoflagellates of shallow-water corals and other cnidarians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:13674-13678. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids
Richier, S., M. Rodriguez-Lanetty, C. E. Schnitzler, and V. M. Weis. 2008. Response of the symbiotic cnidarian Anthopleura elegantissima transcriptome to temperature and UV increase. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 3:283-289. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Rodriguez, E. and P. J. Lopez-Gonzalez. 2008. The gastropod-symbiotic sea anemone genus Isosicyonis Carlgren, 1927 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae): A new species from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) that clarifies the taxonomic position of the genus. Scientia Marina 72:73-86. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids
Rodriguez-Lanetty, M., W. S. Phillips, S. Dove, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, and V. M. Weis. 2008. Analytical approach for selecting normalizing genes from a cDNA microarray platform to be used in q-RT-PCR assays: a cnidarian case study. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 70:985-991. 2008 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids
Roopin, M., R. P. Henry, and N. E. Chadwick. 2008. Nutrient transfer in a marine mutualism: Patterns of ammonia excretion by anemonefish and uptake by giant sea anemones. Marine Biology 154:547-556. 2008 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Nutrients; Planktivorous Fish; Plankton; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Scott, A. and P. L. Harrison. 2008. Larval settlement and juvenile development of sea anemones that provide habitat for anemonefish. Marine Biology 154:833-839. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Marine Protected Areas
Taylor, M. J. and B. A. Peculis. 2008. Evolutionary conservation supports ancient origin for Nudt16, a nuclear-localized, RNA-binding, RNA-decapping enzyme. Nucleic Acids Research 36:6021-6034. 2008 Anemones & Zooanthids
Timm, J. and M. Kochzius. 2008. Geological history and oceanography of the Indo-Malay Archipelago shape the genetic population structure in the false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris). Molecular Ecology 17:3999-4014. 2008 Southeast Asia; Indonesia Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Plankton; Water Depth & Sea Level
Timm, J., M. Figiel, and M. Kochzius. 2008. Contrasting patterns in species boundaries and evolution of anemonefishes (Amphiprioninae, Pomacentridae) in the centre of marine biodiversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49:268-276. 2008 Southeast Asia Anemones & Zooanthids; Small Herbivorous Fish
Venn, A. A., J. E. Loram, and A. E. Douglas. 2008. Photosynthetic symbioses in animals. Pages 1069-1080 in Journal of Experimental Botany. 2008 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Cyanobacteria; Light; Microorganisms; Nutrients; Primary Production; Sponges
Venn, A. A., J. E. Loram, H. G. Trapido-Rosenthal, D. A. Joyce, and A. E. Douglas. 2008. Importance of time and place: Patterns in abundance of Symbiodinium clades A and B in the tropical sea anemone Condylactis gigantea. Biological Bulletin 215:243-252. 2008 Bermuda Lab Study Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids
Wells, R. J. D., J. H. Cowan Jr., and W. F. Patterson III. 2008. Habitat use and the effect of shrimp trawling on fish and invertebrate communities over the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf. ICES Journal of Marine Science 65:1610-1619. 2008 Global; South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Invertebrate Harvest; Skeletal Coral; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Bachar, A., Y. Achituv, Z. Pasternak, and Z. Dubinsky. 2007. Autotrophy versus heterotrophy: The origin of carbon determines its fate in a symbiotic sea anemone. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349:295-298. 2007 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Bedry, R. and L. De Haro. 2007. Venomous and poisonous animals. v. envenomations by venomous marine invertebrates [Envenimations ou intoxications par les animaux venimeux ou veneneux v - invertebres marins venimeux]. Medecine Tropicale 67:223-231. 2007 Europe Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Medical Care; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Sea Urchins; Seastars
Biel, K. Y., R. D. Gates, and L. Muscatine. 2007. Effects of free amino acids on the photosynthetic carbon metabolism of symbiotic dinoflagellates. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 54:171-183. 2007 Cuba Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Brugler, M. R. and S. C. France. 2007. The complete mitochondrial genome of the black coral Chrysopathes formosa (Cnidaria:Anthozoa:Antipatharia) supports classification of antipatharians within the subclass Hexacorallia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42:776-788. 2007 Global Anemones & Zooanthids
Buston, P. M. and M. B. Garcia. 2007. An extraordinary life span estimate for the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula. Journal of Fish Biology 70:1710-1719. 2007 Papua New Guinea Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Cairns, S. D. 2007. Deep-water corals: An overview with special reference to diversity and distribution of deep-water scleractinian corals. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:311-322. 2007 Indian Ocean; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Antilles; India GIS & Maps Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Daly, M., M. R. Brugler, P. Cartwright, A. G. Collins, M. N. Dawson, D. G. Fautin, S. C. France, C. S. McFadden, D. M. Opresko, E. Rodriguez, S. L. Romano, and J. L. Stake. 2007. The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa 127-182. 2007 Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Dunn, S. R., C. E. Schnitzler, and V. M. Weis. 2007. Apoptosis and autophagy as mechanisms of dinoflagellate symbiont release during cnidarian bleaching: Every which way you lose. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274:3079-3085. 2007 Global Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Pathogens
Elahi, R. and P. J. Edmunds. 2007. Determinate growth and the scaling of photosynthetic energy intake in the solitary coral Fungia concinna (Verrill). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 349:183-193. 2007 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Floeter, S. R., W. Krohling, J. L. Gasparini, C. E. L. Ferreira, and I. R. Zalmon. 2007. Reef fish community structure on coastal islands of the southeastern Brazil: The influence of exposure and benthic cover. Environmental Biology of Fishes 78:147-160. 2007 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Fukami, H., C. A. Chen, C.-Y. Chiou, and N. Knowlton. 2007. Novel group I introns encoding a putative homing endonuclease in the mitochondrial cox1 gene of scleractinian corals. Journal of Molecular Evolution 64:591-600. 2007 Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges; Stony Coral
Hattori, A. and M. Kobayashi. 2007. Configuration of small patch reefs and population abundance of a resident reef fish in a complex coral reef landscape. Ecological Research 22:575-581. 2007 Japan Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish
Hemmrich, G., D. J. Miller, and T. C. G. Bosch. 2007. The evolution of immunity: a low-life perspective. Trends in Immunology 28:449-454. 2007 Anemones & Zooanthids
Johnson, C. E. and T. L. Goulet. 2007. A comparison of photographic analyses used to quantify zooxanthella density and pigment concentrations in Cnidarians. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 353:287-295. 2007 Global GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Invasive Species; Zooxanthellae
Lee, P. N., S. Kumburegama, H. Q. Marlow, M. Q. Martindale, and A. H. Wikramanayake. 2007. Asymmetric developmental potential along the animal-vegetal axis in the anthozoan cnidarian, Nematostella vectensis, is mediated by Dishevelled. Developmental Biology 310:169-186. 2007 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Loram, J. E., H. G. Trapido-Rosenthal, and A. E. Douglas. 2007. Functional significance of genetically different symbiotic algae Symbiodinium in a coral reef symbiosis. Molecular Ecology 16:4849-4857. 2007 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids
Loram, J. E., N. Boonham, P. O'Toole, H. G. Trapido-Rosenthal, and A. E. Douglas. 2007. Molecular quantification of symbiotic dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium. Biological Bulletin 212:259-268. 2007 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Love, M. S., M. M. Yoklavich, B. A. Black, and A. H. Andrews. 2007. Age of black coral (Antipathes dendrochristos) colonies, with notes on associated invertebrate species. Bulletin of Marine Science 80:391-399. 2007 Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Seastars
Matus, D. Q., K. Pang, M. Daly, and M. Q. Martindale. 2007. Expression of Pax gene family members in the anthozoan cnidarian, Nematostella vectensis. Evolution and Development 9:25-38. 2007 Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges; Stony Coral
Meredith, T. L., J. D. Cowart, T. P. Henkel, and J. R. Pawlik. 2007. The polychaete Cirriformia punctata is chemically defended against generalist coral reef predators. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 353:198-202. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Planktivorous Fish
Merle, P.-L., C. Sabourault, S. Richier, D. Allemand, and P. Furla. 2007. Catalase characterization and implication in bleaching of a symbiotic sea anemone. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 42:236-246. 2007 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Zooxanthellae
Ollerton, J., D. McCollin, D. G. Fautin, and G. R. Allen. 2007. Finding NEMO: Nestedness engendered by mutualistic organization in anemonefish and their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274:591-598. 2007 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Putnam, N. H., M. Srivastava, U. Hellsten, B. Dirks, J. Chapman, A. Salamov, A. Terry, H. Shapiro, E. Lindquist, V. V. Kapitonov, J. Jurka, G. Genikhovich, I. V. Grigoriev, S. M. Lucas, R. E. Steele, J. R. Finnerty, U. Technau, M. Q. Martindale, and D. S. Rokhsar. 2007. Sea anemone genome reveals ancestral eumetazoan gene repertoire and genomic organization. Science 317:86-94. 2007 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Marine Worms
Reimer, J. D., F. Sinniger, Y. Fujiwara, S. Hirano, and T. Maruyama. 2007. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Abyssoanthus nankaiensis, a new family, new genus and new species of deep-sea zoanthid (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia:Zoantharia) from a north-west Pacific methane cold seep. Invertebrate Systematics 21:255-262. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Sediment
Reimer, J. D., K. Takishita, S. Ono, and T. Maruyama. 2007. Diversity and evolution in the zoanthid genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) based on nuclear ITS-rDNA. Coral Reefs 26:399-410. 2007 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Japan; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids
Reimer, J. D., K. Takishita, S. Ono, J. Tsukahara, and T. Maruyama. 2007. Molecular evidence suggesting interspecific hybridization in Zoanthus spp. (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Zoological Science 24:346-359. 2007 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids
Scott, A. and P. Harrison. 2007. Broadcast spawning of two species of sea anemone, Entacmaea quadricolor and Heteractis crispa, that host anemonefish. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 50:163-171. 2007 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Marine Protected Areas; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Sonnenholzner, J. I., L. B. Ladah, and K. D. Lafferty. 2007. Cascading effects of fishing on Galapagos rocky reef communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343:77-85. 2007 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Coralline Algae; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Sea Urchins
Soto, V. A. 2007. EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE REEF ZOANTHID PALYTHOA CARIBAEORUM. Master's Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico. 2007 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Sediment
Swain, T. D. and J. L. Wulff. 2007. Diversity and specificity of Caribbean sponge-zoanthid symbioses: A foundation for understanding the adaptive significance of symbioses and generating hypotheses about higher-order systematics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 92:695-711. 2007 South & Central America; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges
Tkachenko, K. S., B.-J. Wu, L.-S. Fang, and T.-Y. Fan. 2007. Dynamics of a coral reef community after mass mortality of branching Acropora corals and an outbreak of anemones. Marine Biology 151:185-194. 2007 Taiwan Anemones & Zooanthids; Skeletal Coral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes
Vargas-Angel, B., E.C. Peters, E. Kramarsky-Winter, D.S. Gilliam, R.E. Dodge. 2007. Cellular reactions to sedimentation and temperature stress in the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 95:140-145. 2007 South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Octocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Waller, R. G. and A. R. Baco. 2007. Reproductive morphology of three species of deep-water precious corals from the Hawaiian archipelago: Gerardia sp., Corallium secundum, and Corallium lauuense. Bulletin of Marine Science 81:533-542. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Ornamental Jewelry & Art
Yasir, I. and J. G. Qin. 2007. Embryology and early ontogeny of an anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87:1025-1033. 2007 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Arvedlund, M., A. Hattori, K. Iwao, and A. Takemura. 2006. When cleanerfish become anemonefish. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86:1265-1266. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; Cuba Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Arvedlund, M., K. Iwao, T. M. Brolund, and A. Takemura. 2006. Juvenile Thalassoma amblycephalum Bleeker (Labridae, Teleostei) dwelling among the tentacles of sea anemones: A cleanerfish with an unusual client? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 329:161-173. 2006 Japan; Indonesia Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Fish; Planktivorous Fish
Banaszak, A. T., M. G. Barba Santos, T. C. LaJeunesse, and M. P. Lesser. 2006. The distribution of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and the phylogenetic identity of symbiotic dinoflagellates in cnidarian hosts from the Mexican Caribbean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 337:131-146. 2006 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Barbrook, A. C., S. Visram, A. E. Douglas, and C. J. Howe. 2006. Molecular Diversity of Dinoflagellate Symbionts of Cnidaria: The psbA Minicircle of Symbiodinium. Protist 157:159-171. 2006 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Chan, M. C. Y., S. Karasawa, H. Mizuno, I. Bosanac, D. Ho, G. G. Prive, A. Miyawaki, and M. Ikura. 2006. Structural characterization of a blue chromoprotein and its yellow mutant from the sea anemone Cnidopus japonicus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 281:37813-37819. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids
Cotlet, M., S. Habuchi, J. E. Whitier, J. H. Werner, F. C. De Schryver, J. Hofkens, and P. M. Goodwin. 2006. Single molecule spectroscopic characterization of a far-red fluorescent protein (HcRed) from the anthozoa coral Heteractis Crispa. in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids
Davy, S. K., S. G. Burchett, A. L. Dale, P. Davies, J. E. Davy, C. Muncke, O. Hoegh-Guldberg, and W. H. Wilson. 2006. Viruses: Agents of coral disease? Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 69:101-110. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids; Pathogens; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
DeBoer, M. L., D. A. Krupp, and V. M. Weis. 2006. Two atypical carbonic anhydrase homologs from the planula larva of the scleractinian coral Fungia scutaria. Biological Bulletin 211:18-30. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Hattori, A. 2006. Vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of the giant sea anemone Heteractis crispa with symbiotic anemonefish on a fringing coral reef. Journal of Ethology 24:51-57. 2006 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Ports & Harbors; Water Depth & Sea Level; Zooxanthellae
Kemp, D. W., C. B. Cook, T. C. LaJeunesse, and W. R. Brooks. 2006. A comparison of the thermal bleaching responses of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum from three geographically different regions in south Florida. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 335:266-276. 2006 Florida Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Kobayashi, M. and A. Hattori. 2006. Spacing pattern and body size composition of the protandrous anemonefish Amphiprion frenatus inhabiting colonial host anemones. Ichthyological Research 53:6-Jan. 2006 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Matus, D. Q., G. H. Thomsen, and M. Q. Martindale. 2006. Dorso/ventral genes are asymmetrically expressed and involved in germ-layer demarcation during cnidarian gastrulation. Current Biology 16:499-505. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Matus, D. Q., K. Pang, H. Marlow, C. W. Dunn, G. H. Thomsen, and M. Q. Martindale. 2006. Molecular evidence for deep evolutionary roots of bilaterality in animal development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:11195-11200. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids
Page, H. M., J. E. Dugan, C. S. Culver, and J. C. Hoesterey. 2006. Exotic invertebrate species on offshore oil platforms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 325:101-107. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Invasive Species; Oil & Gas Rigs
Pecquet, C. 2006. Water sports and allergy [Sports nautiques et allergie]. Nouvelles Dermatologiques 25:501-505. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids
Perez, S. and V. Weis. 2006. Nitric oxide and cnidarian bleaching: An eviction notice mediates breakdown of a symbiosis. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:2804-2810. 2006 Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Pathogens; Zooxanthellae
Perkol-Finkel, S., N. Shashar, and Y. Benayahu. 2006. Can artificial reefs mimic natural reef communities? The roles of structural features and age. Marine Environmental Research 61:121-135. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Complex Habitat & Resources; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Pochon, X. and J. Pawlowski. 2006. Evolution of the soritids-Symbiodinium symbiosis. Symbiosis 42:77-88. 2006 US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Molluscs; Sponges; Zooxanthellae
Reber-Muller, S., R. Streitwolf-Engel, N. Yanze, V. Schmid, M. Stierwald, M. Erb, and K. Seipel. 2006. BMP2/4 and BMP5-8 in jellyfish development and transdifferentiation. International Journal of Developmental Biology 50:377-384. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids
Rodriguez-Lanetty, M., W. S. Phillips, and V. M. Weis. 2006. Transcriptome analysis of a cnidarian - Dinoflagellate mutualism reveals complex modulation of host gene expression. BMC Genomics 7. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
Rot, C., I. Goldfarb, M. Ilan, and D. Huchon. 2006. Putative cross-kingdom horizontal gene transfer in sponge (Porifera) mitochondria. BMC Evolutionary Biology 6. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges
Santini, S. and G. Polacco. 2006. Finding Nemo: Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the unusual life style of anemonefish. Gene 385:19-27. 2006 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sherwood, O. A., D. B. Scott, and M. J. Risk. 2006. Late Holocene radiocarbon and aspartic acid racemization dating of deep-sea octocorals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70:2806-2814. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Visram, S., J. Wiedenmann, and A. E. Douglas. 2006. Molecular diversity of symbiotic algae of the genus Symbiodinium (Zooxanthellae) in cnidarians of the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86:1281-1283. 2006 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); France Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Acosta, A., P. W. Sammarco, and L. F. Duarte. 2005. New fission processes in the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum: Description and quantitative aspects. Bulletin of Marine Science 76:26-Jan. 2005 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Anemones & Zooanthids
Arvedlund, M. and A. Takemura. 2005. Long-term observation in situ of the anemonefish Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett) in association with a soft coral. Coral Reefs 24:698. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Octocoral
Bruckner, A. W. 2005. The importance of the marine ornamental reef fish trade in the wider Caribbean. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:127-137. 2005 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Puerto Rico; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean; Maldives; Sri Lanka; India; Japan; Vietnam; Indonesia; Philippines; Caribbean; Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Corallivorous Fish; Fishing Sector; Invertivorous Fish; Piscivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting
Carreto, J. I., M. O. Carignan, and N. G. Montoya. 2005. A high-resolution reverse-phase liquid chromatography method for the analysis of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in marine organisms. Marine Biology 146:237-252. 2005 Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Plankton; Stony Coral
Chadwick, N. E. and M. Arvedlund. 2005. Abundance of giant sea anemones and patterns of association with anemonefish in the northern Red Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85:1287-1292. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Cubit, J. D., C. D. Getter, J. B. C. Jackson, S. D. Garrity, H. M. Caffey, R. C. Thompson, E. Weil, and M. J. Marshall. 2005. An oil spill affecting coral reefs and mangroves on the caribbean coast of Panama. Page 5432 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Mangroves; Petroleum Spills; Seagrasses; Sediment
Fukami, H. and N. Knowlton. 2005. Analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of three members of the Montastraea annularis coral species complex (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia). Coral Reefs 24:410-417. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids
Gasparini, J. L., S. R. Floeter, C. E. L. Ferreira, and I. Sazima. 2005. Marine ornamental trade in Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:2883-2899. 2005 Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Molluscs; Stony Coral
Goulet, T. L., C. B. Cook, and D. Goulet. 2005. Effect of short-term exposure to elevated temperatures and light levels on photosynthesis of different host-symbiont combinations in the Aiptasia pallidal Symbiodinium symbiosis. Limnology and Oceanography 50:1490-1498. 2005 Florida; Bermuda Lab Study Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Hattori, A. 2005. High mobility of the protandrous anemonefish Amphiprion frenatus: Nonrandom pair formation in limited shelter space. Ichthyological Research 52:57-63. 2005 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Hoff, G. R. and B. Stevens. 2005. Faunal assemblage structure on the Patton Seamount (Gulf of Alaska, USA). Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin 11:27-36. 2005 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seastars; Sponges
Hou, X.-G., G. D. Stanley Jr., J. Zhao, and X.-Y. Ma. 2005. Cambrian anemones with preserved soft tissue from the Chengjiang biota, China. Lethaia 38:193-203. 2005 China Anemones & Zooanthids
Jones, G. P., S. Planes, and S. R. Thorrold. 2005. Coral reef fish larvae settle close to home. Current Biology 15:1314-1318. 2005 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Housing
LaJeunesse, T. C., G. Lambert, R. A. Andersen, M. A. Coffroth, and D. W. Galbraith. 2005. Symbiodinium (Pyrrhophyta) genome sizes (DNA content) are smallest among dinoflagellates. Journal of Phycology 41:880-886. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
LeGore, R. S., M. P. Hardin, and D. Ter-Ghazaryan. 2005. Organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53:145-153. 2005 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Echinoderms; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Worms; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Snails & Conch
Metaxas, A. and J. Davis. 2005. Megafauna associated with assemblages of deep-water gorgonian corals in Northeast Channel, off Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85:1381-1390. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Encrusting Sponges; Octocoral; Seastars; Sponges
Palumbi, S. R. 2005. Coral gardens: Paternity and drug testing on the reef. Current Biology 15. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Parmentier, E., J. P. Lagardere, P. Vandewalle, and M. L. Fine. 2005. Geographical variation in sound production in the anemonefish Amphiprion akallopisos. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 272:1697-1703. 2005 Indian Ocean; Madagascar; India; Indonesia Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Perez, C. D., D. A. Vila-Nova, and A. M. Santos. 2005. Associated community with the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from littoral of Pernambuco, Brazil. Hydrobiologia 548:207-215. 2005 Anemones & Zooanthids; Beaches & Nature Parks; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fishing Sector; Marine Worms; Molluscs; Tourism & Recreation
Porat, D. and N. E. Chadwick-Furman. 2005. Effects of anemonefish on giant sea anemones: Ammonium uptake, zooxanthella content and tissue regeneration. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 38:43-51. 2005 Lab Study Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Nutrients; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Richier, S., P. Furla, A. Plantivaux, P.-L. Merle, and D. Allemand. 2005. Symbiosis-induced adaptation to oxidative stress. Journal of Experimental Biology 208:277-285. 2005 Global Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Roberts, M. and S. Gass. 2005. Looking for Lophelia. Planet Earth 26-27. 2005 Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Internet & Telecommunications; Skeletal Coral; Sponges
Rooper, C. N., M. Zimmermann, and P. D. Spencer. 2005. Using ecologically based relationships to predict distribution of flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon in the eastern Bering Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 290:251-262. 2005 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Physical Variables; Sediment; Sponges
Shuman, C. S., G. Hodgson, and R. F. Ambrose. 2005. Population impacts of collecting sea anemones and anemonefish for the marine aquarium trade in the Philippines. Coral Reefs 24:564-573. 2005 Philippines Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector
Stoletzki, N. and B. Schierwater. 2005. Genetic and color morph differentiation in the Caribbean sea anemone Condylactis gigantea. Marine Biology 147:747-754. 2005 South & Central America; Jamaica; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources
Watters, M. R. 2005. Tropical marine neurotoxins: Venoms to drugs. Seminars in Neurology 25:278-289. 2005 Europe Anemones & Zooanthids; Invertivorous Fish; Microorganisms; Octopus & Squid; Snails & Conch
Ardelean, A. and D. G. Fautin. 2004. A new species of the sea anemone Megalactis (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actinodendridae) from Taiwan and designation of a neotype for the type species of the genus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 117:488-504. 2004 Australia; Taiwan Anemones & Zooanthids
Buckley, B. A. and A. M. Szmant. 2004. RNA/DNA ratios as indicators of metabolic activity in four species of Caribbean reef-building corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series 282:143-149. 2004 Global; South & Central America; Florida; Caribbean Lab Study; Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Stony Coral
Chen, M.-C., Y.-M. Cheng, L.-H. Wang, C.-H. Lin, X.-Y. Huang, M.-C. Liu, P.-J. Sung, and L.-S. Fang. 2004. Cloning and characterization of the first cnidarian ADP-ribosylation factor, and its involvement in the Aiptasia-Symbiodinum endosymbiosis. Marine Biotechnology 6:138-147. 2004 Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Chen, M.-C., Y.-M. Cheng, M.-C. Hong, and L.-S. Fang. 2004. Molecular cloning of Rab5 (ApRab5) in Aiptasia pulchella and its retention in phagosomes harboring live zooxanthellae. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 324:1024-1033. 2004 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Zooxanthellae
Dunn, S. R., J. C. Thomason, M. D. A. Le Tissier, and J. C. Bythell. 2004. Heat stress induces different forms of cell death in sea anemones and their endosymbiotic algae depending on temperature and duration. Cell Death and Differentiation 11:1213-1222. 2004 Global Index or Indicator Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Climate; Zooxanthellae
Fautin, D. G. and R. W. Buddemeier. 2004. Adaptive bleaching: A general phenomenon. Hydrobiologia 459-467. 2004 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Fernandez, C. and J. J. Alvarado. 2004. The coral reef of Punta Cocles, Caribbean coast of Costa Rica [El arrecife coralino de Punta Cocles, costa Caribe de Costa Rica]. Revista de Biologia Tropical 52:121-129. 2004 South & Central America; Costa Rica; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Fleshy Macroalgae; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Goulet, T. L. and M. A. Coffroth. 2004. The genetic identity of dinoflagellate symbionts in Caribbean octocorals. Coral Reefs 23:465-472. 2004 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Hargrave, B. T., V. E. Kostylev, and C. M. Hawkins. 2004. Benthic epifauna assemblages, biomass and respiration in The Gully region on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 270:55-70. 2004 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Atlantic Ocean Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate
Hinojosa-Arango, G. and R. Riosemena-Rodriguez. 2004. Influence of rhodolith-forming species and growth-form on associated fauna of rhodolith beds in the Central-West gulf of California, Mexico. Marine Ecology 25:109-127. 2004 South & Central America; Mexico Anemones & Zooanthids; Invertebrates; Marine Worms; Molluscs
Holbrook, S. J. and R. J. Schmitt. 2004. Population dynamics of a damselfish: Effects of a competitor that also is an indirect mutualist. Ecology 85:979-985. 2004 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Holland, P. 2004. The ups and downs of a sea anemone. Science 304:1255-1256. 2004 Anemones & Zooanthids
Kuo, J., M.-C. Chen, C.-H. Lin, and L.-S. Fang. 2004. Comparative gene expression in the symbiotic and aposymbiotic Aiptasia pulchella by expressed sequence tag analysis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 318:176-186. 2004 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Leggat, W., S. Whitney, and D. Yellowlees. 2004. Is coral bleaching due to the instability of the zooxanthellae dark reactions? Symbiosis 37:137-153. 2004 Global Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Sponges; Zooxanthellae
Martindale, M. Q., K. Pang, and J. R. Finnerty. 2004. Investigating the origins of triplosblasty: 'Mesodermal' gene expression in a diploblastic animal, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (phylum, Cnidaria; class, Anthozoa). Development 131:2463-2474. 2004 Anemones & Zooanthids; Snails & Conch
Nevalainen, T. J., H. J. Peuravuori, R. J. Quinn, L. E. Llewellyn, J. A. H. Benzie, P. J. Fenner, and K. D. Winkel. 2004. Phospholipase A2 in Cnidaria. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 139:731-735. 2004 Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral
Oigman-Pszczol, S. S., M. A. DE O. Figueiredo, and J. C. Creed. 2004. Distribution of benthic communities on the tropical rocky subtidal of Armacao dos Buzios, southeastern Brazil. Marine Ecology 25:173-190. 2004 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Stony Coral; Substrate
Okuno, J. 2004. Periclimenes speciosus, a new species of anthozoan associated shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from southern Japan. Zoological Science 21:865-875. 2004 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Stony Coral
Porat, D. and N. E. Chadwick-Furman. 2004. Effects of anemonefish on giant sea anemones: Expansion behavior, growth, and survival. Hydrobiologia 513-520. 2004 Anemones & Zooanthids; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Primary Production
Ryland, J. S., M. M. Brasseur, and J. E. Lancaster. 2004. Use of cnidae in taxonomy: Implications from a study of Acrozoanthus australiae (Hexacorallia, Zoanthidea). Journal of Natural History 38:1193-1223. 2004 Australia; Indonesia Anemones & Zooanthids
Vagelli, A. A. 2004. Ontogenetic shift in habitat preference by Pterapogon kauderni, a shallow water coral reef apogonid, with direct development. Copeia 364-369. 2004 Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Sea Urchins; Substrate
Arango, C. P. 2003. Sea spiders (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: New species, new records and ecological annotations. Journal of Natural History 37:2723-2772. 2003 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Arthropods; Complex Habitat & Resources; Skeletal Coral
Auster, P. J., J. Lindholm, and P. C. Valentine. 2003. Variation in habitat use by juvenile Acadian redfish, Sebastes fasciatus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68:381-389. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Buston, P. M. 2003. Mortality is associated with social rank in the clown anemonefish (Amphiprion percula). Marine Biology 143:811-815. 2003 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow
Cervino, J. M., R.L. Hayes, M. Honovich, T.J. Goreau, S. Jones, and P.J. Rubec. 2003. Changes in zooxanthellae density, morphology, and mitotic index in hermatypic corals and anemones exposed to cyanide. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46:573-586. 2003 Southeast Asia Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharge Limitations; Discharges; Fish; Hydrocoral; Microorganisms; Stony Coral; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Chen, M.-C., Y.-M. Cheng, P.-J. Sung, C.-E. Kuo, and L.-S. Fang. 2003. Molecular identification of Rab7 (ApRab7) in Aiptasia pulchella and its exclusion from phagosomes harboring zooxanthellae. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 308:586-595. 2003 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Chudakov, D. M., A. V. Feofanov, N. N. Mudrik, S. Lukyanov, and K. A. Lukyanov. 2003. Chromophore environment provides clue to \kindling fluorescent protein\" riddle". Journal of Biological Chemistry 278:7215-7219. 2003 Model Anemones & Zooanthids
Daly, M., D. G. Fautin, and V. A. Cappola. 2003. Systematics of the Hexacorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139:419-437. 2003 Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Fisher, R. and D. R. Bellwood. 2003. Undisturbed swimming behaviour and nocturnal activity of coral reef fish larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 263:177-188. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Grant, A. J., D. A. Trautman, S. Frankland, and R. Hinde. 2003. A symbiosome membrane is not required for the actions of two host signalling compounds regulating photosynthesis in symbiotic algae isolated from cnidarians. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 135:337-345. 2003 Cuba Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Haussermann, V. and G. Forsterra. 2003. First evidence for coloniality in sea anemones. Marine Ecology Progress Series 257:291-294. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Horiuchi, Y., R. Kimura, N. Kato, T. Fujii, M. Seki, T. Endo, T. Kato, and K. Kawashima. 2003. Evolutional study on acetylcholine expression. Life Sciences 72:1745-1756. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms; Octopus & Squid; Sea Urchins; Sponges
Hu, Q., H. Araki, H. Suzuki, N. Ishikawa, W. Yang, and T. Noda. 2003. Fabrication and observation of nanowire-assemblages of Si-Ge. Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing 76:561-563. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Substrate
Jaap, W. C., J. W. Porter, J. Wheaton, C. R. Beaver, K. Hackett, M. Lybolt, M. K. Callahan, J. Kidney, S. Kupfner, C. Torres, and K. Sutherland. 2003. EPA/NOAA coral reef evaluation and monitoring project 2002 executive summary, July 2003. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 2003 Global; Florida Field Study & Monitoring; Remote Sensing Algae; Boring Sponges; Complex Habitat & Resources; Octocoral; Pathogens; Seagrasses; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Kavanagh, K. D. and R. A. Alford. 2003. Sensory and skeletal development and growth in relation to the duration of the embryonic and larval stages in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 80:187-206. 2003 Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mitchell, J. S. 2003. Mobility of Stichodactyla gigantea sea anemones and implications for resident false clown anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris. Environmental Biology of Fishes 66:85-90. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids
Piniak, G. A., F. Lipschultz, and J. McClelland. 2003. Assimilation and partitioning of prey nitrogen within two anthozoans and their endosymbiotic zooxanthellae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 262:125-136. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Plankton; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Richier, S., P.-L. Merle, P. Furla, D. Pigozzi, F. Sola, and D. Allemand. 2003. Characterization of superoxide dismutases in anoxia- and hyperoxia-tolerant symbiotic cnidarians. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects 1621:84-91. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Schwarz, J. A. and V. M. Weis. 2003. Localization of a Symbiosis-Related Protein, Sym32, in the Anthopleura elegantissima-Symbiodinium muscatinei Association. Biological Bulletin 205:339-350. 2003 Model Anemones & Zooanthids
Stanley Jr., G. D. 2003. The evolution of modern corals and their early history. Earth-Science Reviews 60:195-225. 2003 Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Steiner, S. C. C. 2003. Stony corals and reefs of Dominica, lesser antilles. Atoll Research Bulletin 15-Jan. 2003 Antilles Algae; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Hydrocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Zea, S. and E. Weil. 2003. Taxonomy of the Caribbean excavating sponge species complex Cliona caribbaea - C. aprica - C. langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae). Caribbean Journal of Science 39:348-370. 2003 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; Belize; Venezuela; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Boring Sponges; Sponges
Angel, D. L., N. Eden, S. Breitstein, A. Yurman, T. Katz, and E. Spanier. 2002. In situ biofiltration: A means to limit the dispersal of effluents from marine finfish cage aquaculture. Hydrobiologia 469:10-Jan. 2002 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquaculture; Artificial Habitat; Bivalves; Marine Worms; Nutrients; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Sediment; Sponges; Tunicates
Annis, E. R. and C. B. Cook. 2002. Alkaline phosphatase activity in symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) as a biological indicator of environmental phosphate exposure. Marine Ecology Progress Series 245:20-Nov. 2002 Lab Study; Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Seagrasses; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Barrios-Suarez, L. M., J. O. Reyes, G. R. Navas, and C. B. Garcia. 2002. Distribution of anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) in the area of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean [Distribucion de las anemonas (Anthozoa: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) en el area de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano]. Ciencias Marinas 28:37-48. 2002 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Belda-Baillie, C. A., B. K. Baillie, and T. Maruyama. 2002. Specificity of a model cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Biological Bulletin 202:74-85. 2002 Cuba Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Bouree, P. and A. Lancon. 2002. Dangerous aquatic animals [Les animaux aquatiques dangereux]. Revue Francaise des Laboratoires 2002:61-64. 2002 Australia; Iran Anemones & Zooanthids; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Echinoderms; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Molluscs; Sea Urchins
Costa Jr., O. S., M. J. Attrill, A. G. Pedrini, and J. C. De-Paula. 2002. Spatial and seasonal distribution of seaweeds on coral reefs from southern Bahia, Brazil. Botanica Marina 45:346-355. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Fleshy Macroalgae; Turf Algae
Daly, M., D. L. Lipscomb, and M. W. Allard. 2002. A simple test: Evaluating explanations for the relative simplicity of the Edwardsiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Evolution 56:502-510. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Substrate
Dunn, S. R., J. C. Bythell, M. D. A. Le Tissier, W. J. Burnett, and J. C. Thomason. 2002. Programmed cell death and cell necrosis activity during hyperthermic stress-induced bleaching of the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia sp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 272:29-53. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Fradkov, A. F., V. V. Verkhusha, D. B. Staroverov, M. E. Bulina, Y. G. Yanushevich, V. I. Martynov, S. Lukyanov, and K. A. Lukyanov. 2002. Far-red fluorescent tag for protein labelling. Biochemical Journal 368:17-21. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Gittings, S. 2002. Pre-Construction Coral Survey of the M/V Wellwood Grounding Site. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series MSD-03-01. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Sanctuaries Division, Silver Spring, MD. 2002 Florida Anchoring & Vessel Grounding; Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Substrate
Hattori, A. 2002. Small and large anemonefishes can coexist using the same patchy resources on a coral reef, before habitat destruction. Journal of Animal Ecology 71:824-831. 2002 Japan Model Anemones & Zooanthids
Holbrook, S. J. and R. J. Schmitt. 2002. Competition for shelter space causes density-dependent predation mortality in damselfishes. Ecology 83:2855-2868. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Invertivorous Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral
Krieger, K. J. and B. L. Wing. 2002. Megafauna associations with deepwater corals (Primnoa spp.) in the Gulf of Alaska. Hydrobiologia 471:83-90. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges
Kustrak, D. 2002. The toxins of the jellyfish [Otrovi meduza]. Farmaceutski Glasnik 58:239-250. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Marshall, A. T. 2002. Occurrence, distribution, and localisation of metals in Cnidarians. Microscopy Research and Technique 56:341-357. 2002 Review Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Zooxanthellae
Mitchelmore, C. L., J. A. Schwarz, and V. M. Weis. 2002. Development of symbiosis-specific genes as biomarkers for the early detection of cnidarian-algal symbiosis breakdown. Marine Environmental Research 54:345-349. 2002 Global Lab Study; Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Pathogens; Special Use Permitting
Reynolds, P. D. 2002. The Scaphopoda. Advances in Marine Biology 42:139-220. 2002 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Microorganisms
Roberts, J. M. 2002. The occurrence of the coral Lophelia pertusa and other conspicuous epifauna around an oil platform in the North Sea. Underwater Technology 25:83-91. 2002 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Octocoral; Oil & Gas Industry; Oil & Gas Rigs; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Savage, A. M., M. S. Goodson, S. Visram, H. Trapido-Rosenthal, J. Wiedenmann, and A. E. Douglas. 2002. Molecular diversity of symbiotic algae at the latitudinal margins of their distribution: Dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium in corals and sea anemones. Marine Ecology Progress Series 244:17-26. 2002 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Bermuda; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Sebens, K. P. 2002. Energetic constraints, size gradients, and size limits in benthic marine invertebrates. Pages 853-861 in Integrative and Comparative Biology. 2002 Review; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Trautman, D. A., R. Hinde, L. Cole, A. Grant, and R. Quinnell. 2002. Visualisation of the symbiosome membrane surrounding cnidarian algal cells. Symbiosis 32:133-145. 2002 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Cleaner & Solvent Use
Van Oppen, M. J. H., J. Catmull, B. J. McDonald, N. R. Hislop, P. J. Hagerman, and D. J. Miller. 2002. The mitochondrial genome of Acropora tenuis (Cnidaria; Scleractinia) contains a large group I intron and a candidate control region. Journal of Molecular Evolution 55:13-Jan. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Weis, V. M., E. Alan Verde, and W. S. Reynolds. 2002. Characterization of a short form Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) cDNA and protein from the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium muscatinei (Dinophyceae) from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima (Cnidaria). Journal of Phycology 38:157-163. 2002 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Acosta, A. 2001. Disease in Zoanthids: Dynamics in space and time. Hydrobiologia 460:113-130. 2001 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Pathogens; Sediment; Tourism & Recreation
Bellwood, D. R. and R. Fisher. 2001. Relative swimming speeds in reef fish larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 211:299-303. 2001 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Cook, C. B. and S. K. Davy. 2001. Are free amino acids responsible for the 'host factor' effects on symbiotic zooxanthellae in extracts of host tissue? Hydrobiologia 461:71-78. 2001 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Davy, S. K. and C. B. Cook. 2001. The influence of 'host release factor' on carbon release by zooxanthellae isolated from fed and starved Aiptasia pallida (Verrill). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 129:487-494. 2001 Cuba Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Primary Production; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Elliott, J. K. and R. N. Mariscal. 2001. Coexistence of nine anemonefish species: Differential host and habitat utilization, size and recruitment. Marine Biology 138:23-36. 2001 Papua New Guinea Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Ferreira, C. E. L., J. E. A. Gonccalves, and R. Coutinho. 2001. Community structure of fishes and habitat complexity on a tropical rocky shore. Environmental Biology of Fishes 61:353-369. 2001 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Fleshy Macroalgae; Stony Coral; Turf Algae
Fitt, W. K. and C. B. Cook. 2001. The effects of feeding or addition of dissolved inorganic nutrients in maintaining the symbiosis between dinoflagellates and a tropical marine cnidarian. Marine Biology 139:507-517. 2001 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Flnnerty, J. R. 2001. Cnidarians reveal intermediate stages in the evolution of hox clusters and axial complexity. American Zoologist 41:608-620. 2001 GIS & Maps Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges
Gilbert, A. L. and H. M. Guzman. 2001. Bioindication potential of carbonic anhydrase activity in anemones and corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42:742-744. 2001 Panama Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Grant, A. J., M. Remond, K. J. T. Withers, and R. Hinde. 2001. Inhibition of algal photosynthesis by a symbiotic coral. Hydrobiologia 461:63-69. 2001 Cuba Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Green, B. S. and M. I. McCormick. 2001. Ontogeny of the digestive and feeding systems in the anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 61:73-83. 2001 Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Gudo, M. 2001. Construction evolution and reef-building potential of Rugose corals [Konstruktion, Evolution und riffbildendes Potential der rugosen Korallen]. CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 1-133. 2001 Anemones & Zooanthids
Howe, J. C. 2001. Diet composition of Juvenile pigfish, Orthopristis chrysoptera (Perciformes: Haemulidae), from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science 19:55-60. 2001 South & Central America; Mexico Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Worms; Octopus & Squid
Lin, M.-D., C. A. Chen, and L.-S. Fang. 2001. Distribution and sexual reproduction of a seagrass-bed-inhabiting actiniarian, Phymanthus strandesi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Phymanthidae), at Hsiao-Liuchiu Island, Taiwan. Zoological Studies 40:254-261. 2001 Taiwan Anemones & Zooanthids; Seagrasses
Perez, S. F., C. B. Cook, and W. R. Brooks. 2001. The role of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the temperature-induced bleaching response of the subtropical sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 256:14-Jan. 2001 Florida; Cuba; Bermuda Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Roberts, J. M., L. M. Fixter, and P. S. Davies. 2001. Ammonium metabolism in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Hydrobiologia 461:25-35. 2001 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Sawyer, S. J. and L. Muscatine. 2001. Cellular mechanisms underlying temperature-induced bleaching in the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. Journal of Experimental Biology 204:3443-3456. 2001 US Pacific & Hawaii Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Wilson, W. H., I. Francis, K. Ryan, and S. K. Davy. 2001. Temperature induction of viruses in symbiotic dinoflagellates. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 25:99-102. 2001 Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Arvedlund, M., I. Bundgaard, and L. E. Nielsen. 2000. Host imprinting in anemonefishes (Pisces: Pomacentridae): Does it dictate spawning site preferences? Environmental Biology of Fishes 58:203-213. 2000 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Brown, B. E. 2000. Significance of pollution in eliciting the 'bleaching' response in symbiotic cnidarians. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 13:392-415. 2000 Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Light; Nutrients; Salinity; Sediment; Stony Coral; Water Depth & Sea Level
Cappola, V. A. and D. G. Fautin. 2000. All three species of Ptychodactiaria belong to order Actiniaria (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80:995-1005. 2000 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Chadwick-Furman, N. E. and M. Spiegel. 2000. Abundance and clonal replication in the tropical corallimorpharian Rhodactis rhodostoma. Invertebrate Biology 119:351-360. 2000 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Substrate
Chadwick-Furman, N. E., M. Spiegel, and I. Nir. 2000. Sexual reproduction in the tropical corallimorpharian Rhodactis rhodostoma. Invertebrate Biology 119:361-369. 2000 Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Plankton
Galliot, B. and D. Miller. 2000. Origin of anterior patterninghow old is our head? Trends in Genetics 16:5-Jan. 2000 Anemones & Zooanthids
Hattori, A. 2000. Social and mating systems of the protandrous anemonefish Amphiprion perideraion under the influence of a larger congener. Austral Ecology 25:187-192. 2000 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Hawkridge, J. M., R. K. Pipe, and B. E. Brown. 2000. Localisation of antioxidant enzymes in the cnidarians Anemonia viridis and Goniopora stokesi. Marine Biology 137:9-Jan. 2000 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids
Losey, G. S., P. A. Nelson, and J. P. Zamzow. 2000. Ontogeny of spectral transmission in the eye of the tropical damselfish, Dascyllus albisella (Pomacentridae), and possible effects on UV vision. Environmental Biology of Fishes 59:21-28. 2000 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Plankton; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
McConnaughey, R. A., K. L. Mier, and C. B. Dew. 2000. An examination of chronic trawling effects on soft-bottom benthos of the eastern Bering Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57:1377-1388. 2000 Anemones & Zooanthids; Bivalves; Finfish Harvest; Fishing Sector; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Octocoral; Seastars; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Trawling & Fishing Gear Damage
Morrall, C. E., T. S. Galloway, H. G. Trapido-Rosenthal, and M. H. Depledge. 2000. Characterisation of nitric oxide synthase activity in the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 125:483-491. 2000 Anemones & Zooanthids
Nelson, J. S., R. J. Hoddell, L. M. Chou, W. K. Chan, and V. P. E. Phang. 2000. Phylogeographic structure of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, explained by sea level changes on the Sunda shelf. Marine Biology 137:727-736. 2000 Southeast Asia Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Water Depth & Sea Level
New, D. C., Y. H. Wong, and J. T. Y. Wong. 2000. Cloning of a novel G-protein-coupled receptor from the sea anemone nervous system. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 271:761-769. 2000 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Reynolds, W. S., J. A. Schwarz, and V. M. Weis. 2000. Symbiosis-enhanced gene expression in cnidarian-algal associations: Cloning and characterization of a cDNA, sym32, encoding a possible cell adhesion protein. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 126:33-44. 2000 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Ryland, J. S., S. De Putron, R. S. Scheltema, P. J. Chimonides, and D. G. Zhadan. 2000. Semper's (zoanthid) larvae: Pelagic life, parentage and other problems. Hydrobiologia 440:191-198. 2000 US East Coast (NC, SC, GA) Anemones & Zooanthids; Plankton; Sea Temperatures; Sponges; Zooxanthellae
T., BA NA SZ AK, A., T. C. LaJeunesse, and R. K. Trench. 2000. The synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAS) by cultured, symbiotic dinoflagellates. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 249:219-233. 2000 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Bivalves; Hydrocoral; Light; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Wall, M. A., M. Socolich, and R. Ranganathan. 2000. The structural basis for red fluorescence in the tetrameric GFP homolog DsRed. Nature Structural Biology 7:1133-1138. 2000 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Anemones & Zooanthids
Arvedlund, M., M. I. McCormick, D. G. Fautin, and M. Bildsoe. 1999. Host recognition and possible imprinting in the anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Marine Ecology Progress Series 188:207-218. 1999 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Carlos, A. A., B. K. Baillie, M. Kawachi, and T. Maruyama. 1999. Phylogenetic position of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) isolates from tridacnids (Bivalvia), cardiids (Bivalvia), a sponge (Porifera), a soft coral (Anthozoa), and a free-living strain. Journal of Phycology 35:1054-1062. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Bivalves; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Gleibs, S. and D. Mebs. 1999. Distribution and sequestration of palytoxin in coral reef animals. Toxicon 37:1521-1527. 1999 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Marine Worms; Octocoral; Seastars; Sponges
Langmead, O. and N. E. Chadwick-Furman. 1999. Marginal tentacles of the corallimorpharian Rhodactis rhodostoma. 1. Role in competition for space. Marine Biology 134:479-489. 1999 US Pacific & Hawaii Agriculture; Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral
Pfister, R. P. and D. Goulet. 1999. Nonintrusive video technique for in situ sizing of coral reef fishes. Copeia 789-793. 1999 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Ralph, P. J., R. Gademann, A. W. D. Larkum, and U. Schreiber. 1999. In situ underwater measurements of photosynthetic activity of coral zooxanthellae and other reef-dwelling dinoflagellate endosymbionts. Marine Ecology Progress Series 180:139-147. 1999 Germany Anemones & Zooanthids; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Light; Primary Production; Special Use Permitting; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Richardson, D. L. 1999. Correlates of environmental variables with patterns in the distribution and abundance of two anemonefishes (Pomacentridae: Amphiprion) on an eastern Australian sub-tropical reef system. Environmental Biology of Fishes 55:255-263. 1999 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Rinkevich, B. 1999. Scyphozoan jellyfish's mesoglea supports attachment, spreading and migration of anthozoans' cells in vitro. Cell Biology International 23:307-311. 1999 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Substrate
Schmitt, R. J. and S. J. Holbrook. 1999. Settlement and recruitment of three damselfish species: Larval delivery and competition for shelter space. Oecologia 118:76-86. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish; Stony Coral
Srinivasan, M., G. P. Jones, and M. J. Caley. 1999. Experimental evaluation of the roles of habitat selection and interspecific competition in determining patterns of host use by two anemonefishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 186:283-292. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Fish
Yamashiro, H., H. Oku, H. Higa, I. Chinen, and K. Sakai. 1999. Composition of lipids, fatty acids and sterols in Okinawan corals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 122:397-407. 1999 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Allemand, D., P. Furla, and S. Benazet-Tambutte. 1998. Mechanisms of carbon acquisition for endosymbiont photosynthesis in Anthozoa. Canadian Journal of Botany 76:925-941. 1998 Review; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Furla, P., S. Benazet-Tambutte, J. Jaubert, and D. Allemand. 1998. Functional polarity of the tentacle of the sea anemone Anemonia viridis: Role in inorganic carbon acquisition. American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274. 1998 Anemones & Zooanthids; Primary Production; Stony Coral
Hill, M. and T. Wilcox. 1998. Unusual mode of symbiont repopulation after bleaching in Anthosigmella varians: Acquisition of different zooxanthellae strains. Symbiosis 25:279-289. 1998 Florida Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Ports & Harbors; Sponges; Zooxanthellae
Kuwamura, T. and Y. Nakashima. 1998. New aspects of sex change among reef fishes: Recent studies in Japan. Environmental Biology of Fishes 52:125-135. 1998 Japan Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Fish; Invertivorous Fish
Mebs, D. 1998. Occurrence and sequestration of toxins in food chains. Toxicon 36:1519-1522. 1998 Anemones & Zooanthids; Marine Worms; Sponges
Muscatine, L., C. Ferrier-Pages, A. Blackburn, R. D. Gates, G. Baghdasarian, and D. Allemand. 1998. Cell-specific density of symbiotic dinoflagellates in tropical anthozoans. Coral Reefs 17:329-337. 1998 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii; Jamaica Index or Indicator Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Nutrients; Primary Production; Substrate
Scrutton, C. T., A. J. Jeram, and H. A. Armstrong. 1998. Kilbuchophyllid corals from the Ordovician (Caradoc) of Pomeroy, Co. Tyrone: Implications for coral phylogeny and for movement on the Southern Uplands Fault. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 88:117-126. 1998 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Wang, J.-T. and A. E. Douglas. 1998. Nitrogen recycling or nitrogen conservation in an alga-invertebrate symbiosis? Journal of Experimental Biology 201:2445-2453. 1998 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Domestic Animal Waste; Nutrients
Burnett, W.J., J.A.H. Benzie, J.A. Beardmore, J.S. Ryland. 1997. Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systemics, evolution and a key. Coral Reefs 16:55-68. 1997 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids
Fabricius, K. E. 1997. Soft coral abundance on the central Great Barrier Reef: Effects of Acanthaster planci, space availability, and aspects of the physical environment. Coral Reefs 16:159-167. 1997 Australia Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Octocoral; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Gilbert, C. R. and J. C. Tyler. 1997. Apogon robbyi, a new cardinalfish (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the Caribbean Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 60:764-781. 1997 South & Central America; Jamaica; Belize; Nicaragua; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Artificial Habitat; Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges
Goodfriend, G. A. 1997. Aspartic acid racemization and amino acid composition of the organic endoskeleton of the deep-water colonial anemone Gerardia: Determination of longevity from kinetic experiments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61:1931-1939. 1997 Bahamas Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids
Haywick, D. W. and E. M. Mueller. 1997. Sediment retention in encrusting Palythoa spp. - A biological twist to a geological process. Coral Reefs 16:39-46. 1997 Florida Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcareous Macroalgae; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Sediment
Maroz, A. and L. Fishelson. 1997. Juvenile production of Amphiprion bicinctus (Pomacentridae, Teleostei) and rehabilitation of impoverished habitats. Marine Ecology Progress Series 151:295-297. 1997 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Mercier, A., E. Pelletier, and J.-F. Hamel. 1997. Effects of butyltins on the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pallida (Verrill). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 215:289-304. 1997 Anemones & Zooanthids; Discharges; Microorganisms; Toxics; Zooxanthellae
Richardson, D. L., P. L. Harrison, and V. J. Harriott. 1997. Timing of spawning and fecundity of a tropical and subtropical anemonefish (Pomacentridae: Amphiprion) on a high latitude reef on the east coast of Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 156:175-181. 1997 Australia; Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Richardson, D. L., V. J. Harriott, and P. L. Harrison. 1997. Distribution and abundance of giant sea anemones (Actiniaria) in subtropical eastern Australian waters. Marine and Freshwater Research 48:59-66. 1997 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Storms & Hurricanes; Water Depth & Sea Level
Ryland, J. S. 1997. Reproduction in zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 31:177-188. 1997 South & Central America; Australia; Bermuda; Caribbean Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Plankton; Zooxanthellae
Schwartz, S. and T. Meinking. 1997. Venomous marine animals of Florida: morphology, behavior, health hazards. The Journal of the Florida Medical Association 84:433-440. 1997 Florida Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Echinoderms; Molluscs; Octopus & Squid; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Sponges
Tanner, J. E. 1997. The effects of density on the zoanthid Palythoa caesia. Journal of Animal Ecology 66:793-810. 1997 Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
Tun, K. P. P., A. C. Cheshire, and L. M. Chou. 1997. Twenty-four hour in situ monitoring of oxygen production and respiration of the colonial zoanthid Palythoa. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 44:33-43. 1997 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production
Bastidas, C. and D. Bone. 1996. Competitive strategies between Palythoa caribaeorum and Zoanthus sociatus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) at a reef flat environment in Venezuela. Bulletin of Marine Science 59:543-555. 1996 South & Central America; Venezuela; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids
Fabricius, T. E. 1996. Ecosystem recovery after episodic disturbance: Resilience of some coral reefs after Acanthaster outbreaks. Senckenbergiana Maritima 27:227-235. 1996 Australia Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Finfish Harvest; Nutrients; Octocoral; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates
Job, S. D. and D. R. Bellwood. 1996. Visual acuity and feeding in larval Premnas biaculeatus. Journal of Fish Biology 48:952-963. 1996 Anemones & Zooanthids; Small Herbivorous Fish
Lindquist, N. 1996. Palatability of invertebrate larvae to corals and sea anemones. Marine Biology 126:745-755. 1996 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Caribbean Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Planktivorous Fish; Sponges
Nelson, J. S., V. P. E. Phang, and L. M. Chou. 1996. Survival and growth rates of the anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris: A transfer experiment. Journal of Fish Biology 48:1130-1138. 1996 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Schmitt, R. J. and S. J. Holbrook. 1996. Local-scale patterns of larval settlement in a planktivorous damselfish - Do they predict recruitment? Marine and Freshwater Research 47:449-463. 1996 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Planktivorous Fish; Plankton
Spotte, S. 1996. Supply of regenerated nitrogen to sea anemones by their symbiotic shrimp. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 198:27-36. 1996 Anemones & Zooanthids; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Vader, W. and G. Krapp-Schickel. 1996. Redescription and biology of Stenothoe brevicornis Sars (Amphipoda: Crustacea), an obligate associate of the sea anemone Actinostola callosa (Verrill). Journal of Natural History 30:51-66. 1996 Norway Review Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges
Ates, Ron. 1995. Colonial anemones - Zoantharia: a review for the seriously interested marine aquarist. Aquarium Frontiers 2:10-13. 1995 Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock
Black, N. A., R. Voellmy, and A. M. Szmant. 1995. Heat Shock Protein Induction in Montastraea faveolata and Aiptasia pallida Exposed to Elevated Temperatures. Biological Bulletin 188:234-240. 1995 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Burnett, W. J., J. A. H. Benzie, J. A. Beardmore, and J. S. Ryland. 1995. Patterns of genetic subdivision in populations of a clonal cnidarian, Zoanthus coppingeri, from the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Biology 122:665-673. 1995 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids
Fagerstrom, J. A. and F. Rougerie. 1994. 1994 coral bleaching event, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 29:34-35. 1994 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Jegla, T. and L. Salkoff. 1994. Molecular evolution of K+ channels in primitive eukaryotes. Society of General Physiologists series 49:213-222. 1994 Anemones & Zooanthids
Stochaj, W. R., W. C. Dunlap, and J. M. Shick. 1994. Two new UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids from the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and the effects of zooxanthellae and spectral irradiance on chemical composition and content. Marine Biology 118:149-156. 1994 Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Zooxanthellae
Jimenez, C. and P. Crews. 1993. 13C-NMR assignments and cytotoxicity assessment of zoanthoxanthin alkaloids from zoanthid corals. Journal of Natural Products 56:14-Sep. 1993 Anemones & Zooanthids
Dykens, J. A., J. M. Shick, C. Benoit, G. R. Buettner, and G. W. Winston. 1992. Oxygen radical production in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and its endosymbiotic algae. Journal of Experimental Biology 168:219-241. 1992 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Ellison, A. M. and E. J. Farnsworth. 1992. The ecology of Belizean mangrove-root fouling communities: patterns of epibiont distribution and abundance, and effects on root growth. Hydrobiologia 247:87-98. 1992 South & Central America; Belize Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Mangroves; Salinity; Sponges; Stony Coral
Gates, R. D. and L. Muscatine. 1992. Three methods for isolating viable anthozoan endoderm cells with their intracellular symbiotic dinoflagellates. Coral Reefs 11:143-145. 1992 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Gates, R. D., G. Baghdasarian, and L. Muscatine. 1992. Temperature stress causes host cell detachment in symbiotic cnidarians: implications for coral bleaching. Biological Bulletin 182:324-332. 1992 Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Harland, A. D., L. M. Fixter, P. Spencer Davies, and R. A. Anderson. 1992. Effect of light on the total lipid content and storage lipids of the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis. Marine Biology 112:253-258. 1992 Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Zooxanthellae
Sell, D. 1992. Marine fouling. Pages 169-184 in Proceedings - Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B. 1992 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral
Harland, A. D., L. M. Fixter, P. Spencer Davies, and R. A. Anderson. 1991. Distribution of lipids between the zooxanthellae and animal compartment in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis: wax esters, triglycerides and fatty acids. Marine Biology 110:13-19. 1991 Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Zooxanthellae
Hattori, A. 1991. Socially controlled growth and size-dependent sex change in the anemonefish Amphiprion frenatus in Okinawa, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 38:165-177. 1991 Japan Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Karlson, R. H. 1991. Fission and the dynamics of genets and ramets in clonal cnidarian populations. Hydrobiologia 235-240. 1991 Anemones & Zooanthids
Muscatine, L., D. Grossman, and J. Doino. 1991. Release of symbiotic algae by tropical sea anemones and corals after cold shock. Marine Ecology Progress Series 77:233-243. 1991 US Virgin Islands; US Pacific & Hawaii; Seychelles Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Ryland, J. S. and R. C. Babcock. 1991. Annual cycle of gametogenesis and spawning in a tropical zoanthid, Protopalythoa sp. Hydrobiologia 117-123. 1991 Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Scrutton, C. T. and E. N. K. Clarkson. 1991. A new scleractinian-like coral from the Ordovician of the Southern Uplands, Scotland. Palaeontology 34:179-194. 1991 Anemones & Zooanthids
Shick, J. M., M. P. Lesser, and W. R. Stochaj. 1991. Ultraviolet radiation and photooxidative stress in zooxanthellate anthozoa: the sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni and the octocoral Clavularia sp. Symbiosis 10:145-173. 1991 Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Octocoral
Williams, R. B. 1991. Acrorhagi, catch tentacles and sweeper tentacles: a synopsis of 'aggression' of actiniarian and scleractinian Cnidaria. Hydrobiologia 539-545. 1991 Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Cook, C. B., A. Logan, J. Ward, B. Luckhurst, and C. J. Berg Jr. 1990. Elevated temperatures and bleaching on a high latitude coral reef: the 1988 Bermuda event. Coral Reefs 9:45-49. 1990 South & Central America; Bermuda; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Sea Temperatures; Stony Coral
Harland, A. D. and N. R. Nganro. 1990. Copper uptake by the sea anemone Anemonia viridis and the role of zooxanthellae in metal regulation. Marine Biology 104:297-301. 1990 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting; Zooxanthellae
Lesser, M. P., W. R. Stochaj, D. W. Tapley, and J. M. Shick. 1990. Bleaching in coral reef anthozoans: effects of irradiance, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature on the activities of protective enzymes against active oxygen. Coral Reefs 8:225-232. 1990 South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Panama; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Salinity; Zooxanthellae
Shick, J. Malcolm. 1990. Diffusion limitation and hyperoxic enhancement of oxygen consumption in zooxanthellate sea anemones, zoanthids, and corals. Biological Bulletin 179:148-58. 1990 Anemones & Zooanthids
Goenaga, C., V. P. Vicente, and R. A. Armstrong. 1989. Bleaching induced mortalities in reef corals from La Parguera, Puerto Rico: a precursor of change in the community structure of coral reefs? Caribbean Journal of Science 25:59-65. 1989 South & Central America; Puerto Rico; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Sponges; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Lesser, M. P. and J. M. Shick. 1989. Effects of irradiance and ultraviolet radiation on photoadaptation in the zooxanthellae of Aiptasia pallida: primary production, photoinhibition, and enzymic defenses against oxygen toxicity. Marine Biology 102:243-255. 1989 Bermuda Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
McKinstry, J. J., G. B. Chapman, D. M. Spoon, and E. C. Peters. 1989. The occurrence of bacterial colonies in ;the epidermis of the tecntacles of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida (Anthozoa: Actinaria). Transactions of the American Microscopy Society 108:239-244. 1989 Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms
Nizinski, M. S. 1989. Ecological distribution, demography and behavioral observations on Periclimenes anthophilus, an atypical symbiotic cleaner shrimp. Bulletin of Marine Science 45:174-188. 1989 Bermuda Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp
Palincsar, E. E., W. R. Jones, J. S. Palincsar, M. A. Glogowski, and J. L. Mastro. 1989. Bacterial Aggregates Within the Epidermis of the Sea Anemone aiptasia pallida. Biological Bulletin 177:130-140. 1989 Anemones & Zooanthids; Microorganisms
Patterson, M. R. and K. P. Sebens. 1989. Forced convection modulates gas exchange in cnidarians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86:8833-8836. 1989 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Seawater Flow
Sano, M. 1989. Feeding habits of Japanese butterfyfishes (Chaetodontidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 25:195-203. 1989 Japan Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Corallivorous Fish; Marine Worms; Octocoral; Plankton; Sponges; Stony Coral
Weis, V. M., G. J. Smith, and L. Muscatine. 1989. A \CO2 supply\" mechanism in zooxanthellate cnidarians: role of carbonic anhydrase". Marine Biology 100:195-202. 1989 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Zamer, W. E., J. M. Shick, and D. W. Tapley. 1989. Protein measurement and energetic considerations: Comparisons of bichemical and stoichiometric methods using bovine serum albumin and protein isolated from sea anemones. Limnology and Oceanography 34:256-263. 1989 Anemones & Zooanthids
D'Elia, C. F. and C. B. Cook. 1988. Methylamine uptake by zooxanthellae-invertebrate symbioses: insights into host ammonium environment and nutrition. Limnology and Oceanography 33:1153-1165. 1988 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Zooxanthellae
Karlson, R. H. 1988. Size-dependent growth in two zoanthid species: a contrast in clonal strategies. Ecology 69:1219-1232. 1988 Jamaica Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Storms & Hurricanes
Delbeek, J. Charles. 1987. The care and feeding of mushroom anemones (suborder: Corallimorpharia). Freshwater and Marine Aquarium 10:4-6. 1987 Anemones & Zooanthids
Johnson, M. E. and B. G. Baarli. 1987. Encrusting corals on a latest Ordovician to earliest Silurian rocky shore, southwest Hudson Bay, Manitoba, Canada. Geology 15:15-17. 1987 Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges
Lewbel, G. S., R. L. Howard, and B. J. Gallaway. 1987. Zonation of dominant fouling organisms on Northern Gulf of Mexico petroleum platforms. Marine Environmental Research 21:199-224. 1987 South & Central America; Mexico Anemones & Zooanthids; Boring Sponges; Discharges; Sponges; Tunicates
Muller-Parker, G. 1987. Seasonal variation in light-shade adaptation of natural populations of the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella (Carlgren, 1943) in Hawaii. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 112:165-183. 1987 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Mangroves; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Olson, R. R. and R. McPherson. 1987. Potential vs. realized larval dispersal: fish predation on larvae of the ascidian Lissoclinum patella (Gottschaldt). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 110:245-256. 1987 Field Study & Monitoring Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sebens, K. P. 1987. The ecology of indeterminate growth in animals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 371-407. 1987 Review Anemones & Zooanthids; Bivalves; Echinoderms; Sea Urchins; Seastars; Seawater Flow
Steen, R. G., and Muscatine, L. 1987. Low temperature evokes rapid exocytosis of symbiotic algae by a sea anemone. Biological Bulletin 172:246-263. 1987 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Fautin, D. G. 1986. Why do anemonefishes inhabit only some host actinians? Environmental Biology of Fishes 15:171-180. 1986 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish; Small Herbivorous Fish
Marliave, J. B. 1985. Color polymorphism in sibling Amphiprion: is the reef-fish lottery rigged? Environmental Biology of Fishes 12:63-68. 1985 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Scelfo, G. 1985. The effects of visible and ultraviolet solar radiation on a UV- absorbing compound and chlorophyll a in a Hawaiian zoanthid. Pages 107-12 in Proceedings of the 5th Int Coral Reef Sym. 1985 US Pacific & Hawaii Anemones & Zooanthids; Light
Stock, J. H. 1985. A new poecilostomatoid copepod associated with solitary deep-water corals. Hydrobiologia 120:129-132. 1985 Sri Lanka Anemones & Zooanthids; Stony Coral
Bak, R. P. M. and J. L. A. Borsboom. 1984. Allelopathic interaction between a reef coelenterate and benthic algae. Oecologia 63:194-198. 1984 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids
Dykens, J. A. and J. M. Shick. 1984. Photobiology of the symbiotic sea anemone, Anthopleura elegantissima: defenses against photodynamic effects, and seasonal photoacclimatization. Biological Bulletin 167:683-697. 1984 Anemones & Zooanthids
Fadlallah, Y. H., R. H. Karlson, and K. P. Sebens. 1984. A comparative study of sexual reproduction in three species of Panamanian zoanthids ( Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Bulletin of Marine Science 35:80-89. 1984 Panama Anemones & Zooanthids
Faure, G., M. Guillaume, C. Payri, B. A. Thomassin, M. Van Praet, and P. Vasseur. 1984. (Massive bleaching and death of corals in the Mayotte reef ecosystem, SW Indian Ocean). [Sur un phenomene remarquable de blanchiment et de mortalite massive des madreporaires dans le complexe recifal de l'ile Mayotte (SW Ocean Indien).]. Comptes Rendus des Seances - Academie des Sciences, Serie III 299:637-642. 1984 Indian Ocean; Mayotte; India Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Lasker, H. R., E. C. Peters, and M. A. Coffroth. 1984. Bleaching of reef coelenterates in the San Blas Islands, Panama. Coral Reefs 3:183-190. 1984 Panama Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Octocoral; Salinity; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Lewis, J. B. 1984. Photosynthetic production by the coral reef anemone, Lebrunia coralligens Wilson, and behavioral correlates of two nutritional strategies. Biological Bulletin 167:601-612. 1984 Anemones & Zooanthids
Sebens, K. P. and M. A. R. Koehl. 1984. Predation on zooplankton by the benthic anthozoans Alcyonium siderium (Alcyonacea) and Metridium senile (Actiniaria) in the New England subtidal. Marine Biology 81:255-271. 1984 England Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Plankton
Steen, R. Grant, and L. Muscatine. 1984. Daily budgets of photosynthetically fixed carbon in symbiotic zoanthids. Biological Bulletin 167:477-87. 1984 Anemones & Zooanthids
Ayre, D. J. 1983. The effects of asexual reproduction and inter-genotypic aggression on the genotypic structure of populations of the sea anemone Actinia tenebrosa. Oecologia 57:158-165. 1983 Model Anemones & Zooanthids
Dunn, D. F. and M. H. Liberman. 1983. Chitin in sea anemone shells. Science 221:157-159. 1983 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral
Kellogg, R. B. and J. S. Patton. 1983. Lipid droplets, medium of energy exchange in the symbiotic anemone Condylactis gigantea: a model coral polyp. Marine Biology 75:137-149. 1983 Cuba Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Jokiel, P. L. and R. H. York, Jr. 1982. Solar ultraviolet photobiology of the reef coral Pocillopora damicornis and symbiotic zooxanthellae. Bulletin of Marine Science 32:301-315. 1982 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Light; Stony Coral; Zooxanthellae
Koehl, M. A. R. 1982. The interaction of moving water and sessile organisms( kelp, corals). Scientific American 247:124-134. 1982 Anemones & Zooanthids; Substrate
Larson, K. S. and R. J. Larson. 1982. On the ecology of Isaurus duchassaingi (Andres) ( Cnidaria: Zoanthidea) from South Water Cay, Belize. The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I: structure and communities 475-488. 1982 South & Central America; Belize Anemones & Zooanthids; Skeletal Coral; Substrate; Zooxanthellae
Ormond, R. F. G. and S. Caldwell. 1982. The effect of oil pollution on the reproduction and feeding behaviour of the sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Pollution Bulletin 13:118-122. 1982 Anemones & Zooanthids; Fish
Rutzler, K. and I. G. Macintyre. 1982. The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, I: structure and communities. in [No source information available]. 1982 South & Central America; US East Coast (NC, SC, GA); Belize; Caribbean Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Complex Habitat & Resources; Microorganisms; Plankton; Sediment; Sponges; Substrate
Crocker, L. A. and H. M. Reiswig. 1981. Host specificity in sponge-encrusting zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Zoantharia) of Barbados, West Indies. Marine Biology 65:231-236. 1981 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges; Substrate
Yamazato, Kiyoshi, and Takashit Ito. 1981. Dynamics of Colonial Growth in a zoanthid, Palythoa tuberculosa (Esper). Page 760 in Proceedings of the 4th Int' Coral Reef Sym. 1981 Anemones & Zooanthids
Bromley, R. G. 1978. Bioerosion of Bermuda reefs. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 23:169-197. 1978 Bermuda Index or Indicator Anemones & Zooanthids; Marine Worms; Skeletal Coral; Sponges; Substrate
Koehl, M.A.R. 1977. Water flow and the morphology of zoanthid colonies. Pages 437-44 in Proceedings of the 3d Int Coral Reef Sym. 1977 Anemones & Zooanthids; Seawater Flow
Sebens, K. P. and K. DeRiemer. 1977. Diel cycles of expansion and contraction in coral reef anthozoans. Marine Biology 43:247-256. 1977 South & Central America; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids; Nutrients; Primary Production; Zooxanthellae
Sebens, Kenneth P. 1977. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition of coral reef zoanthids. Pages 397-404 in Proceedings of the 3rd Int Coral Reef Sym. 1977 Anemones & Zooanthids
Robson, Elaine A. 1976. Locomotion in sea anemones: the pedal disk. Pages 479-90 in Mackie, editor. Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior,. University of Victoria, British Columbia. 1976 Anemones & Zooanthids
Sebens, Kenneth P. 1976. The ecology of Caribbean sea anemones in Panama: utilization of space on a coral reef. Pages 67-78 in Mackie, editor. Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior,. University of Victoria, British Columbia. 1976 South & Central America; Panama; Caribbean Anemones & Zooanthids
Smith, Nathan and Howard M. Lenhoff. 1976. Regulation of frequency of pedal laceration in a sea anemone. Pages 117-26 in Mackie, editor. Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior,. University of Victoria, British Columbia. 1976 Anemones & Zooanthids; Special Use Permitting
West, David A. 1976. Aposematic coloration and mutualism in a sponge- dwelling tropical zoanthids. Pages 443-52 in Mackie, editor. Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior ,. University of Victoria, British Columbia. 1976 Anemones & Zooanthids; Sponges
Mariscal, R. N. 1974. Scanning electron microscopy of the sensory surface of the tentacles of sea anemones and corals. Z.ZELLFORSCH147:149-156. 1974 Anemones & Zooanthids
Trench, R. K. 1974. Nutritional potentials in Zoanthus sociathus (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 26:174-216. 1974 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Fricke, H. W. 1973. Behaviour as part of ecological adaptation - In situ studies in the coral reef. Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 24:120-144. 1973 Anemones & Zooanthids; Corallivorous Fish; Fish; Plankton; Sea Urchins; Small Herbivorous Fish
Sassaman, C. and C. P. Mangum. 1973. Relationship between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in estuarine anemones. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 44:1313-1319. 1973 Anemones & Zooanthids
Herberts, C. 1972. Contribution à l'etude ecologique de quelques zoanthaires temperes et tropicaux. Marine Biology 13:127-136. 1972 Madagascar Model Anemones & Zooanthids; Salinity; Sediment; Substrate
Cook, C. B. 1971. Transfer of 35S-labeled material from food ingested by Aiptasia sp. to its endosymbiotic zooxanthellae. Pages 218-224 Experimental Coelenterate Biology. Univeristy of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI. 1971 Anemones & Zooanthids; Zooxanthellae
Reimer, Amada Alvarez. 1971. Observations on the relationships between several species of tropical zoanthids (Zoanthidea, Coelenterata) and their zooxan. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 7:207-14. 1971 Anemones & Zooanthids
Fishelson, L. 1970. Littoral fauna of the Red Sea: the population of non-scleractinian anthozoans of shallow waters of the Red Sea (Eilat). Marine Biology 6:106-116. 1970 Anemones & Zooanthids; Octocoral; Stony Coral; Substrate
Goreau, T. F. 1964. Mass expulsion of zooxanthellae from Jamaican reef communities after hurricane flora. Science 145:383-386. 1964 Jamaica Anemones & Zooanthids; Hydrocoral; Sediment; Stony Coral; Storms & Hurricanes; Zooxanthellae
Burkholder, P. R., L. M. Burkholder, and J. A. Rivero. 1959. Chlorophyll a in some corals and marine plants. Nature 183:1338-1339. 1959 Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; CO2; Fish; Nutrients; Plankton; Seagrasses
Bruckner, A., R. Bruckner, D. D. Rivera, D. Santiago, S. P. Griffin, W. Ramirez, R. Boulon, T. Wolfe, and X. M. C. Pagan,. Coral Reef Zonation at Cayo Turrumote; Acropora palmata Assessment of Abundance Comparison of three coral survey methods; Seagrass beds; Patterns of juvenile recruitment of corals; Comparison of four reefs; Sediment patterns on the inner shelf; Comparison. University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Anemones & Zooanthids; Invertebrates; Octocoral; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges; Stony Coral; Substrate
Liu, P.-J., K.-T. Shao, R.-Q. Jan, T.-Y. Fan, S.-L. Wong, J.-S. Hwang, J.-P. Chen, C.-C. Chen, and H.-J. Lin. A trophic model of fringing coral reefs in Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan suggests overfishing. Marine Environmental Research Taiwan Model Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Fishing Sector; Piscivorous Fish
Nordt, S. P., J. Wu, S. Zahller, R. F. Clark, and F. L. Cantrell. Palytoxin Poisoning After Dermal Contact with Zoanthid Coral. Journal of Emergency Medicine 0. Oman Anemones & Zooanthids; Aquarium & Pet Trade; Aquarium Stock

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Monitor & Research: Biological Status and Trends Monitoring This activity produces long-term comprehensive information on sanctuary-wide status and trends of biological resources. Data that could be collected on coral reef communities includes but is not limited to species abundance and density, biodiversity, benthic cover, coral condition, growth, recruitment, predation, and grazing. Mangroves and seagrasses should also be monitored. With adequate baseline data, changes in community structure and biocriteria can be identified and restoration or protection efforts can be taken. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Algae; Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Aquaculture; Aquarium Stock; Biochemical & Genetic Resources; Biocriteria; Biological Harvest; Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Bivalves; Calcareous Macroalgae; Contact Uses; Coral; Coralline Algae; Cyanobacteria; Decision Support; Echinoderms; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing Sector; Food & Energy Policies; Hydrocoral; Invasive Species; Invertebrates; Large Herbivorous Fish; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Products; Marine Vertebrates; Marine Worms; Microorganisms; Molluscs; Octocoral; Octopus & Squid; Ornamental Jewelry & Art; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Physical Damage; Primary Production; Provisioning Services; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses; Seastars; Skeletal Coral; Small Herbivorous Fish; Snails & Conch; Sponges; Stony Coral; Tunicates; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Revised Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Management Plan §§ Public Law 101-605 (HR 5909, Public Law (2007). The document is a report on the results of NOAA's five year review of strategies and activities detailed in the 1996 Final Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.

Application to Coral Reefs:The plan specifically addresses preserving and enhancing Sanctuary resources including four national wildlife refuges, six state parks, three state aquatic preserves, Key Largo Marine Sanctuary, Looe Key Marine Sanctuary and a total of 2,900 square nautical miles of coastal waters and numerous coral reefs. The sanctuary ecosystems are facing specific threats including direct human impacts such as vessel groundidngs, pollution and overfishing.

Legislative Actions:

Comments: 		National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission as Co-trustees

Jurisdiction:
US Federal Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Anemones & Zooanthids; Apex Fish Predators; Ballast Discharge; Coastal Development; Commercial Fishing Boats; Complex Habitat & Resources; Coral; Cruise Ships; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Economic Markets & Policies; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Existence Value & Sense of Place; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Littering; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Marine Debris; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrients; Ocean Acidity; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Oil & Gas Rigs; Recreational Opportunities; Reef Habitat; Reef Inhabitants; Seastars; Sediment; Sponges; Tourism & Recreation Policies; Waste Management; Waste Management Policies; Waterborne Discharges

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