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ReefLink Database

Internet & Telecommunications

Internet & Telecommunications

Internet and Telecommunications sectors deal with the operation of facilities that allow for transmission of data, video, sound, voice, and text, over the internet or telephone lines for the purpose of communication (NAICS 2007).

CMap

Environmental education refers to organized efforts to teach about how natural environments function and, particularly, how human beings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live sustainably. Funding is to provide resources, usually in form of money or other values such as effort or time, for a project or to private or public institutions. Internet and Telecommunications sectors deal with the operation of facilities that allow for transmission of data, video, sound, voice, and text, over the internet or telephone lines for the purpose of communication. Landscape Changes are alterations of the natural landscape through human activities, including coastal development, shoreline armoring, impervious surfaces, deforestation, or soil disturbance, which can alter water flow patterns and lead to pollutant runoff into coastal systems. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Aesthetic & recreational value pertains to the value derived from the visual beauty and recreational opportunities provided by a natural ecosystem, including an assemblage of diverse, healthy, colorful, or unique species. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Regulating Services are benefits obtained from ecosystem processes that regulate the environment, including erosion regulation, natural hazard regulation, and climate regulation. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Schools and Colleges sectors consist of institutions whose primary purpose is to educate students, including secondary schools, universities, and trade schools. Scientific Research sectors consist of researching and conducting investigations and experiments in a systematic manner for the sake of knowledge and advancement. Shoreline Protection is the attenuation of wave energy by reefs that protects coastal communities against shoreline erosion and flooding during storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis that can cause property damage and loss of life. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Broadcasting, Publishing, and Libraries sectors include the preparation, distribution or sale, and storage of written, visual, and spoken content in print or on television, radio, or motion pictures. Collaboration and partnering refers to working together to achieve a goal. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Cultural policies are responses that impact the distribution and functioning of cultural sectors, including tourism, recreation, education, and social organization. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Culture sectors contribute to the social, emotional, and intellectual well-being of the community. Discharges are the intentional or unintentional distribution of chemicals, debris, or other pollution, into the environment as a consequence of human activities. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . The Education and Information sectors consists of schools, colleges, instruction and training programs that provide instruction in various subjects, organizations that conduct scientific research, and organizations that collect and distribute information. Educational & Research Opportunities pertain to the value derived from a natural ecosystem in regards to knowledge, scientific research, study, and breakthroughs, and the ability to pass this knowledge on to others.

CMap Description

Growing coastal development changes the cultural identity of a community, creating an increased need for education and information. Infrastructure is needed to support the Education and Information sectors, including buildings and roads, and this infrastructure results in landscape changes and discharges. Information sectors may benefit from aesthetic value provided by reefs, including photography and video. Coastal schools & colleges may also directly benefit from shoreline protection. Reef ecosystems also provide educational and research opportunities for students and scientific researchers. Scientific research can contribute to the effectiveness of decisions by enhancing our understanding of ecosystems. Collaboration and funding can improve, increase, and guide scientific research. Decision-makers may also utilize schools & colleges to improve environmental education.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Bishop, R. C., D. J. Chapman, B. J. Kanninen, J. A. Krosnick, B. Leeworthy, and N. F. Meade. 2011. Total Ecolonic Value for Protecting and Restoring Hawaiian Coral Reef Ecosystems: Final Report. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 16, NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Silver Spring, MD, USA. 2011 Florida; US Pacific & Hawaii Review Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Finfish Harvest; Fish; Housing; Internet & Telecommunications; Marine Protected Areas; Monetary Valuation; Valuation
Rudd, MA. 2011. Scientists' Opinions on the Global Status and Management of Biological Diversity. Conservation Biology 25:1165-1175. 2011 Global; Southeast Asia; Europe Climate; Cultural Policies; Cultural Protections; Internet & Telecommunications; Social Organizations
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. Co-evolutions of correlations for QSAR of toxicity of organometallic and inorganic substances: An unexpected good prediction based on a model that seems untrustworthy. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 105:215-219. 2011 Model Internet & Telecommunications
Toropova, AP; Toropov, AA; Benfenati, E; Gini, G. 2011. QSAR modelling toxicity toward rats of inorganic substances by means of CORAL. Central European Journal Of Chemistry 9:75-85. 2011 Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications
Galaz, V., B. Crona, T. Daw, O. Bodin, M. Nystrom, and P. Olsson. 2010. Can web crawlers revolutionize ecological monitoring? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8:99-104. 2010 Field Study & Monitoring Internet & Telecommunications
Garzon-Ferreira, J. and A. Rodriguez-Ramirez. 2010. SIMAC: Development and implementation of a coral reef monitoring network in Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 58:67-80. 2010 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Docks & Marinas; Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Fish; Internet & Telecommunications; Octocoral; Pathogens; Salinity
Crabbe, J.C. 2008. Climate change, global warming and coral reefs: Modelling the effects of temperature. Computational Biology and Chemistry 2008 Global; South & Central America; Australia; Caribbean Review; Field Study & Monitoring; Model; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Climate; Internet & Telecommunications; Stony Coral
Lippmann, J. 2008. Review of scuba diving fatalities and decompression illness in Australia. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 38:71-78. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Cuba Review Banks, Credit, & Securities; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Internet & Telecommunications; Tourism & Recreation
Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 31-Mar. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii; Palau; Vanuatu; Fiji Complex Habitat & Resources; Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism; Fish; Internet & Telecommunications; Small Herbivorous Fish
Waddell, J. E. and A. M. Clarke, editors. 2008. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2008. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 73. NOS NCCOS 73, NOAA/NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment�s Biogeography Team, Silver Spring, MD. 2008 US Pacific & Hawaii Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Collaboration & Partnering; Funding & Donations; Funding & Incentives; Internet & Telecommunications
Merritt, R. 2007. MPAA's top cop quits, hopes to land corporate gig. Electronic Engineering Times 1469:36-38. 2007 Europe Corporate Responses; Internet & Telecommunications
Moravchik, B. 2007. Comprehensive online tools for classroom teachers on coral reef ecosystems. Earth System Monitor 15:6. 2007 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications; Schools & Colleges
Reach Networks Hong Kong Ltd. 2007. Project Profile: Asia-America Gateway (AAG) Cable Network, South Lantau. Wanchai, Hong Kong SAR. 2007 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; India; Taiwan; Europe Review Internet & Telecommunications
[No author name available]. 2006. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Genetically Engineered Probes for Biomedical Applications. in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Biotechnology Research & Development; Internet & Telecommunications
Larson, S. and A. Smajgl. 2006. Conceptual framework for the water use benefit index in the Great Barrier Reef region. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 1:157-169. 2006 Australia Index or Indicator; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications
Reynolds, P., J. L. Wiener, J. C. Mogul, M. K. Aguilera, and A. Vahdat. 2006. WAP5: Black-box performance debugging for wide-area systems. Pages 347-356 in Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on World Wide Web. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring
[No author name available]. 2005. Giovanni. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86:314. 2005 Panama Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications
Bodnar, J. L. 2005. The information technology of SHIELDS - NOAA'S Sanctuaries Hazardous Incident Emergency Logistics Database System. Pages 11312-11316 in 2005 International Oil Spill Conference, IOSC 2005. 2005 Model; GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Internet & Telecommunications; Petroleum Spills
Roberts, M. and S. Gass. 2005. Looking for Lophelia. Planet Earth 26-27. 2005 Lab Study Anemones & Zooanthids; Internet & Telecommunications; Skeletal Coral; Sponges
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2005. Reviewing environmental impact statements for fishery management plans. Office of Federal Activities, Washington DC. 2005 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Accidental & Illegal Harvest; Fishing Sector; Internet & Telecommunications; Special Use Permitting
Mumby, P. J., W. Skirving, A. E. Strong, J. T. Hardy, E. F. LeDrew, E. J. Hochberg, R. P. Stumpg, and L. T. David. 2004. Remote sensing of coral reefs and their physical environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48:219-228. 2004 Review; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Internet & Telecommunications; Light
Sultzman, C. and D. DA N Meyer. 2004. State impact on coral reefs. Environmental Engineering 17:45-48. 2004 Florida Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications
Conruyt, N. and D. Grosser. 2003. Knowledge engineering in environmental sciences with IKBS. Pages 267-278 in AI Communications. 2003 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Collaboration & Partnering; Internet & Telecommunications
[No author name available]. 2002. World's largest fuel cell installation at Verizon switching center. Fuel Cells Bulletin 2002:4-Mar. 2002 Internet & Telecommunications
Kvernevik, T.-I., M. Zambri Mohd Akhir, and J. Studholme. 2002. A low-cost procedure for automatic seafloor mapping, with particular reference to coral reef conservation in developing nations. Hydrobiologia 474:67-79. 2002 Malaysia GIS & Maps; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications
CARICOMP. 2001. Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP); a cooperative research and monitoring network of marine laboratories, parks, and reserves. University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. 2001 Global; South & Central America; US Virgin Islands; Jamaica; Panama; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Biological Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Climate; Collaboration & Partnering; Infrastructure; Mangroves; Sea Urchins; Seagrasses
Opishinski, T. B., M. L. Spaulding, K. Rutzler, and M. Carpenter. 2001. A real time environmental data monitoring, management and analysis system for the coral reefs off the coast of Belize. Pages 1188-1197 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 2001 South & Central America; Belize; Caribbean Field Study & Monitoring Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications
Coral Reef, AL LI AN CE. 2000. The CORAL diver network: diver report reef conditions on-line. The CORAL diver network: diver report reef conditions on-line. 2000 Global; South & Central America; US Pacific & Hawaii; Indian Ocean; India; Caribbean; Mexico Dive, Snorkeling, & Swimming Tourism
Dempsey, M. J., W. E. Mathieson, and T. A. Winters. 2000. Learning from Offshore Decommissioning Practices in Europe and the USA. Pages 741-746 in SPE - Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference. 2000 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Europe Internet & Telecommunications; Special Use Permitting
Gosmano, J. and D. Pike. 2000. Crowded energy e-trading arena grows with TradeSpark offering. Natural Gas Week 16:2. 2000 Internet & Telecommunications; Natural Gas & Electric Power; Nutrients; Toxics
Kalakaua Marine Education, CE NT ER. 2000. Hawaii coral reef network. Hawaii coral reef network. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii Collaboration & Partnering
Office of Satellite Data Processing and, DI ST RI BU TI ON. 2000. 1998 animations of coral bleaching hotspots from NOAA/NESDIS. 1998 animations of coral bleaching hotspots from NOAA/NESDIS. 2000 Global; US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Indian Ocean; India; Bahrain Field Study & Monitoring
Office of Satellite Data Processing and, DI ST RI BU TI ON. 2000. Coral bleaching hotspots. Coral bleaching hotspots. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Sea Temperatures
Office of Satellite Data Processing and, DI ST RI BU TI ON. 2000. Coral reef thermal stress monitoring. Coral reef thermal stress monitoring. 2000 Global Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator Sea Temperatures
Reef Environmental Education, FO UN DA TI ON. 2000. Reef Environmental Education Foundation survey data. Reef Environmental Education Foundation survey data. 2000 Global Index or Indicator Environmental Education & Outreach; Social Organizations
Shook, and B. 2000. Gas, power marketers form group for online trading of energy. Natural Gas Week 16:18-19. 2000 Internet & Telecommunications; Natural Gas & Electric Power
Bruzzone, GA ., R. Bono, M. Caccia, G. Veruggio, C. Ferreira, C. Silvestre, P. Oliveira, and A. Pascoal. 1999. Internet mission control of the ROMEO Unmanned Underwater Vehicle using the CORAL mission controller. Pages 1081-1087 in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE). 1999 Lab Study Internet & Telecommunications
Moore, S. W. 1999. Datalogging instrument arrays: Powerful yet inexpensive tools for recording the heterogeneous physical environment of coral reefs. Oceanologica Acta 22:687-698. 1999 Field Study & Monitoring; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Metals, Electronics, & Machinery Products; Physical Variables
Katz, M. 1996. The Florida Keys ecosystem monitoring integration project. Earth System Monitor 6:13-Dec. 1996 Florida Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps Environmental Monitoring, Mapping, & Scientific Research; Internet & Telecommunications; Lobster, Crab, & Shrimp; Nutrients; Salinity; Seagrasses; Whales & Dolphins
Tosteson, J. L. and B. D. Marino. 1996. The Biosphere 2 Global Change Testbed world wide web server: closed system research and education using the Internet. Life support & biosphere science : international journal of earth space 2:193-197. 1996 Global Lab Study CO2; Internet & Telecommunications

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Provide Policy Information to the Public Communicate valid and emerging resource concerns to the general public. This can be accomplished through (#106), (#), or (#). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications; Responses; Schools & Colleges; Scientific Research; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities
Administrative & Interagency Policy: Interagency Sharing of Information This management option is designed to facilitate coordination among federal, state, and local agencies involved in management. Easier collaboration and sharing of information can often be facilitated by decision tools and information technology. There are several activities that can aid better interagency coordination of maritime heritage resources (MHR). NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Internet & Telecommunications; Resource Use Management; Responses; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop, and Implement New Technologies for Educational Resources New technologies should be researched, developed, and adopted for sanctuary educational materials. They should be evaluated before they are adopted. Sanctuaries must make their educational materials available through technologies that the public is currently using. For example, mobile applications could allow visitors to access relevant information while recreating, where older technologies such as websites would be more difficult to access. Such technologies can also be used as decision tools for the public, tracking their use of reef resources to show the user what impact their total activities may have and opportunities to improve that. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Security & Public Administration Policies
Develop & Distribute Educational Materials: Develop and Maintain Sanctuary Website Marine sanctuary areas can create a website as an educational tool, providing information regarding new issues, educational resources, volunteer opportunities, and current initiatives such as research, restoration projects, or policy changes. If a website is already in use, it should be maintained and updated with new information, resources, and technologies to enhance effectiveness and visitation. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Decision Support; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications
Dissemination of Findings: Develop an Information Exchange Network This management option involves developing a compendium of current and ongoing research that should be updated on a regular basis. This is important as it allows for collaborators to share information and resources. This type of exchange helps to maximize gains in economies of scale and reduce duplication of efforts. Decision tools such as inventories and databases can often be adapted for this use. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Collaboration & Partnering; Decision Support; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Internet & Telecommunications; Scientific Research
Restoration: Work with public outreach coordinator to inform the public about habitat restoration activities This response involves restoration teams providing information, photos, and videos to be used in press release, TV and radio, and magazine articles to inform the public about restoration projects for corals. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biological Monitoring & Restoration; Broadcasting, Publishing, & Libraries; Cultural Policies; Culture; Ecosystem Monitoring & Restoration; Education & Information; Environmental Education & Outreach; Infrastructure; Internet & Telecommunications; Responses; Sectors Filling Human Needs; Socio-Economic Drivers; Utilities; Wetland & Reef Restoration

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics

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