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Biotechnology Research & Development

Biotechnology Research & Development

Biotechnology Research and Development involves the study of coral reef organisms and cellular and biomolecular processes to develop pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.

CMap

Biochemical & genetic resources are the naturally available novel biochemicals and genetic information found in coral reef organisms that can be utilized for animal breeding or development of biotechnology. Biological Harvest is the collection of living things from the ecosystem for recreation, consumption, or sale of marine products. Biomedical research policies, including research funding and patent laws regarding natural biochemicals, can influence the demand for biochemicals and the activities of research and development. Biotechnology Research and Development involves the study of coral reef organisms and cellular and biomolecular processes to develop pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Contact Uses, such as biological additions, physical damage, and biological harvesting, are activities in which humans create pressures through direct contact with the ecosystem. Cultural services are the nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreational opportunities, aesthetic experiences, sense of place, and educational and research opportunities. Discharge limitations are responses to regulate and control the discharge of pollutants and the use of chemicals. Ecosystem services are the benefits people obtain from ecosystems . Educational & Research Opportunities pertain to the value derived from a natural ecosystem in regards to knowledge, scientific research, study, and breakthroughs, and the ability to pass this knowledge on to others. The Health sector includes groups which provide for human health through medical and social care, and maintenance and disposal of waste. Health care policies are actions taken to change the provisioning, cost, or need for health care services, and may include modifications to health insurance, preventative care, and establishment or management of health care facilities. Health policies are responses that impact the functioning of health sectors, including waste management facilities, biomedical research, and development and sale of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The Medical Care subsector of the Health sector includes the manufacturing of medical equipment, the operation of medical centers, biomedical research, and the production and sale of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Medical centers are concerned with providing professional care and shelter to the sick and injured, as well as routine medical services to the public. Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics industries are engaged in manufacturing drugs, medicines and related products for human or animal use. The Reef Ecosystem includes a suite of abiotic variables that form the physical and chemical environment. Pressures are human activities that create stress on the environment. Provisioning services are the products or ecosystem goods obtained from ecosystems, including seafood, genetic and biochemical resources, pharmaceuticals, ornamental resources, and water resources. The state of the Reef Ecosystem is the condition, in terms of quantity and quality, of the abiotic and biotic components including physical, chemical, and biological variables. Reef Life is the abundance, distribution, and condition of the biological components of the coral reef ecosystem. Resource use management pertains to responses to regulate or limit contact activities that may directly impact coastal species through harvesting or physical damage. Responses are actions taken by groups or individuals in society and government to prevent, compensate, ameliorate or adapt to changes in Ecosystem Services or their perceived value. Socio-Economic Drivers include the sectors that fulfill human needs for Food & Raw Materials, Water, Shelter, Health, Culture, and Security, and the Infrastructure that supports the sectors. Waterborne discharges include direct and indirect discharges of pollutants into the aquatic environment, including chemicals, nutrients, sediment, and pathogens.

CMap Description

Marine ecosystems present the flora and fauna (sponges, nudibranchs, seaweeds, algae, fungi, etc.) that inhabit them with a very complex and stressful environment, and the biochemical adaptations made in response to those stresses have resulted in a vast trove of natural products with unprecedented structural complexity. These organisms are the source for a large number of biochemicals used in pharmaceuticals & cosmetics, and the inspiration for a wide variety of chemical and structural models that are evaluated through biomedical research and development. Researchers may harvest small samples of flora or fauna for use in research. Biomedical research policies can increase funding or modify patenting of natural chemicals and products. Fishing & harvesting policies can prevent or regulate harvesting of certain species. Pharmaceutical products (prescription and over-the-counter medications) can enter the environment when passed through or washed off the body and into the ground or sewer lines, or when disposed of in the trash, septic tank, or sewage system.

Citations

Citation Year Study Location Study Type Database Topics
Kenkel, C. D., M. R. Traylor, J. Wiedenmann, A. Salih, and M. V. Matz. 2011. Fluorescence of coral larvae predicts their settlement response to crustose coralline algae and reflects stress. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 1-8. 2011 Global Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Coralline Algae; Stony Coral
Kenkel, CD; Traylor, MR; Wiedenmann, J; Salih, A; Matz, MV. 2011. Fluorescence of coral larvae predicts their settlement response to crustose coralline algae and reflects stress. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:2691-2697. 2011 Global Field Study & Monitoring Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Climate; Coralline Algae; Stony Coral
Rahman, MA; Fujimura, H; Shinjo, R; Oomori, T. 2011. Extracellular matrix protein in calcified endoskeleton: a potential additive for crystal growth and design. Journal of Crystal Growth 324:177-183. 2011 Biotechnology Research & Development; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Substrate
Baerga-Ortiz, A. 2009. Biotechnology and biochemistry of marine natural products. Marine Biotechnology 28:251-257. 2009 Review; Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kim, S.-K., Y. D. Ravichandran, S. B. Khan, and Y. T. Kim. 2008. Prospective of the cosmeceuticals derived from marine organisms. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 13:511-523. 2008 Review Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Petrov, P., P. Mokreva, C. B. Tsvetanov, and L. Terlemezyan. 2008. Colloidal aqueous dispersion of polyaniline nanotubes grafted non-covalently with poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(acrylic acid) copolymer. Colloid and Polymer Science 286:691-697. 2008 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Raghukumar, C. 2008. Marine fungal biotechnology: An ecological perspective. Fungal Diversity 31:19-35. 2008 Review Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Mangroves; Microorganisms; Remediation; Seagrasses; Sediment; Sponges
Vago, R. 2008. Cnidarians biomineral in tissue engineering: A review. Marine Biotechnology 10:343-349. 2008 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Choi, A. H. and B. Ben-Nissan. 2007. Sol-gel production of bioactive nanocoatings for medical applications. Part II: Current research and development. Nanomedicine 2:51-61. 2007 Review; Field Study & Monitoring Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Chou, J., B. Ben-Nissan, A. H. Choi, R. Wuhrer, and D. Green. 2007. Conversion of coral sand to calcium phosphate for biomedical applications. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 43:44-48. 2007 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Singh, D., V. Choudhary, and V. Koul. 2007. Radiation synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks based on N-vinyl pyrrolidone - Acrylic acid copolymer and Gelatin. I. Swelling, morphology, and thermal characterization for biomedical applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 104:1456-1463. 2007 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Wijffels, R. H. 2007. Potential of sponges and microalgae for marine biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology 26:26-31. 2007 Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Microorganisms; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
[No author name available]. 2006. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Genetically Engineered Probes for Biomedical Applications. in Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2006 Field Study & Monitoring; Index or Indicator; GIS & Maps Biotechnology Research & Development; Internet & Telecommunications
Knackstedt, M. A., C. H. Arns, T. J. Senden, and K. Gross. 2006. Structure and properties of clinical coralline implants measured via 3D imaging and analysis. Biomaterials 27:2776-2786. 2006 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Stony Coral
Santiago-Vazquez, L. Z., L. K. Ranzer, and R. G. Kerr. 2006. Comparison of two total RNA extraction protocols using the marine gorgonian coral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae and its symbiont Symbiodinium sp. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 9:598-603. 2006 Decision Support Frameworks & Tools Biotechnology Research & Development; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Kamel, H. N. and M. Slattery. 2005. Terpenoids of Sinularia: Chemistry and biomedical applications. Pharmaceutical Biology 43:253-269. 2005 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Octocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Mansur, H. S., A. A. P. Mansur, and M. M. Pereira. 2005. XRD, SEM/EDX and FTIR characterization of Brazilian natural coral. Key Engineering Materials 43-46. 2005 Biotechnology Research & Development; Calcium Carbonate Deposition; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Nowak, D., M. Florek, J. Nowak, W. Kwiatek, J. Lekki, E. Zieba, P. G. Romero, B. Ben-Nissan, and A. Kuczumow. 2005. Micro-spectrometric investigations of inorganic components of the black corals for biomedical applications. Key Engineering Materials 297-300. 2005 GIS & Maps Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
[No author name available]. 2004. Proceedings of SPIE - Genetically Engineered and Optical Probes for Biomedical Applications II. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 5329. 2004 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Andrefouet, S., M. Zubia, and C. Payri. 2004. Mapping and biomass estimation of the invasive brown algae Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh and Sargassum mangarevense (Grunow) Setchell on heterogeneous Tahitian coral reefs using 4-meter resolution IKONOS satellite data. Coral Reefs 23:26-38. 2004 US Pacific & Hawaii; Australia; Pacific Ocean Field Study & Monitoring; GIS & Maps; Remote Sensing Algae; Biotechnology Research & Development; Fleshy Macroalgae; Invasive Species; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Seagrasses
Kaczorowska, B. and A. Hacura. 2004. Spectroscopic study of coral and bone structure. Pages 123-125 in Physica Medica. 2004 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Stony Coral
M�ller, W. E. G., H. C. Schr�der, M. Wiens, S. Perovic-Ottstadt, R. Batel, and I. M. M�ller. 2004. Traditional and modern biomedical prospecting: part II-the benefits. Approaches for a sustainable exploitation of biodiversity (secondary metabolites and miomaterials from sponges). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 1:133-144. 2004 Biotechnology Research & Development; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources; Sponges
[No author name available]. 2003. Bioceramics: Materials and Applications IV, Proceedings. in Ceramic Transactions. 2003 Biotechnology Research & Development; Manufacturing & Trade; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Innes, J. K., R. Vago, and B. Ben-Nissan. 2003. Hydrothermal conversion and sol-gel coating of Red Sea coral. Key Engineering Materials 43-46. 2003 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study Biotechnology Research & Development; Hydrocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Benedict, C. 2002. The commercialization of a biopolymer extracted from the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis. Pages 69-74 Marine biotechnology in the twenty-first century. National Research Council (NRC), Washington, D.C. 2002 Biotechnology Research & Development
Downs, C. A., G. Shigenaka, J. E. Fauth, C. E. Robinson, and A. Huang. 2002. Cellular physiological assessment of bivalves after chronic exposure to spilled Exxon Valdez crude oil using a novel molecular diagnostic biotechnology. Environmental Science and Technology 36:2987-2993. 2002 Biotechnology Research & Development; Bivalves
Mayer, A. 2002. Current marine pharmacology contributions to new drug development in the biopharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical News 9:479-482. 2002 Florida; Spain Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Vago, R., D. Plotquin, A. Bunin, I. Sinelnikov, D. Atar, and D. Itzhak. 2002. Hard tissue remodeling using biofabricated coralline biomaterials. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 50:253-259. 2002 Field Study & Monitoring; Lab Study; Model Biotechnology Research & Development; Hydrocoral; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
White, R. A. and E. W. White. 2002. Uniform microporous biomaterials prepared from marine skeletal precursors. Pages 80-83 in National Research Council (NRC), editor. Marine biotechnology in the twenty-first century. Washington, D.C. 2002 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
DiMasi, J. A. 2001. Risks in new drug development: approval success rates for investigational drugs. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 69:297-307. 2001 Model Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Sivakumar, M. and I. Manjubala. 2001. Preparation of hydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite-zirconia composites using Indian corals for biomedical applications. Materials Letters 50:199-205. 2001 India Field Study & Monitoring Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Allred Lloyd, G., H. Jones Martin, J. Sheats Matthew, and W. Davis Anthony. 2000. Computed Tomography of X-ray images using neural networks. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4055:460-468. 2000 Model Biotechnology Research & Development
Faulkner, D. J. 2000. Marine pharmacology. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77:135-145. 2000 Review Aquaculture; Biotechnology Research & Development; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Souter, D. W. and O. Linden. 2000. The health and future of coral reef systems. Ocean and Coastal Management 43:657-688. 2000 Review Biotechnology Research & Development; Coastal Development; Finfish Harvest; Marine Protected Areas; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Sea Temperatures; Seastars; Shoreline Protection; Storms & Hurricanes; Tourism & Recreation
Day, J. G., E. E. Benson, and R. A. Fleck. 1999. In vitro culture and conservation of microalgae: Applications for aquaculture, biotechnology and environmental research. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology - Plant 35:127-136. 1999 Review; Index or Indicator Algae; Aquaculture; Biotechnology Research & Development; Cyanobacteria; Fertilizer & Pesticide Use; Microorganisms
Sharon, N. 1998. Glycoproteins now and then: A personal account. Acta Anatomica 161:17-Jul. 1998 Oman Biotechnology Research & Development; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics
Fenical, W. 1997. New pharmaceuticals from marine organisms. Marine Biotechnology 15:339-341. 1997 Biotechnology Research & Development; Pathogens; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics; Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Sources
Pritchard, P. H., J. G. Mueller, S. E. Lantz, and D. L. Santavy. 1995. The Potential Importance of Biodiversity in Environmental Biotechnology Applications: Bioremediation of PAH-Contaminated Soils and Sediments. Pages 161-184 in D. Allsopp;D.L. Hawksworth;R.R. Colwell, editor. Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function. CAB Publishers, Oxon, England. 1995 Biotechnology Research & Development; Remediation; Sediment
Santavy, D. L., T. M. Schmidt, and S. S. Wilkinson. 1995. Phylogeny of Phormidium corallyticum (Rutzler & Santavy, 1983) using 16S rRNA. in Proceedings of the 7th Investigators' Meeting for EPA's Environmental Releases of Biotechnology Products Risk Assessment Program. Gulf Breeze,Fl. . 1995 Biotechnology Research & Development
Santavy, D. L. 1994. An Environmental Assessment of Microbial Community Responses to a Compromised Host. in Proceedings of the 5th Investigators' Meeting for EPA's Environmental Releases of Biotechnology Products Risk Assessment Program. Duluth, Minn. 1994 Biotechnology Research & Development
Irigaray, J. L., H. Oudadesse, H. El Fadl, T. Sauvage, G. Thomas, and A. M. Vernay. 1993. Effet de la temperature sur la structure cristalline d'un biocorail. Journal of Thermal Analysis 39:14-Mar. 1993 Biotechnology Research & Development

Management Options

Management Option Description Sources Database Topics
Dissemination of Findings: Support Journal Publication This management option involves sponsoring the publication of journals that contain peer-reviewed scientific research. For sanctuaries this can be an excellent place to publish reports and research that used sanctuary areas or resources. NOAA Marine Sanctuary Program. 2007. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary revised management plan. National Ocean Service, Key West, FL.

Biotechnology Research & Development; Collaboration & Partnering; Cultural Policies; Culture; Educational & Research Opportunities; Environmental Education & Outreach; Funding & Donations; Oil & Gas Research & Exploration; Scientific Research

Laws

Legal Citation Purpose of Law Management Organization Database Topics
Surface waters of the State, Florida Administrative Code Annotated §§ Chapter 62-301 (1996). It is the intent of this Chapter to define the landward externt of surface waters of the state. Te findings, declarations, and intentfor this Chapter are the same as those for Chapter 62-302 F. A. C.

Application to Coral Reefs:By defining the landward extent of surface waters of the State using dominant plant species, the guidance in the Chapter will include wetlands and transitional zones on many occasions. Through the protection of these areas, filtration of sediment and nutrients will be maintained and two of the harmful parameters for coral reefs will be reduced.

Legislative Actions:The Chapter is a guidance document and does not contain penalties. The Chapter provides a list of plant species for use with the guidance as well as the methods of calculating the areas of state waters.

Comments: 		Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Jurisdiction:
State Coastal Waters; US State Waters; Designated Marine Areas 		Arthropods; Ballast Discharge; Beaches & Nature Parks; Biotechnology Research & Development; Building & Home Construction; Coastal Development; Docks & Marinas; Dredging Regulations; Dredging, Draining, & Filling; Finfish & Shellfish Stock; Fish; Fishing & Harvesting Management; Forestry; Invertebrates; Landscape Conservation & Restoration; Landuse Management; Mangroves; Marine Birds; Marine Vertebrates; Molluscs; Non-point Source Runoff; Nutrient & Contaminant Processing; Petroleum Spills; Pipelines; Ports & Harbors; Recreational Fishing; Resource Use Management; Sea Turtles; Seagrasses; Sediment; Shoreline Armoring; Small Boats; Surface & Groundwater Flow; Utility Line Construction & Maintenance; Wastewater Discharge; Wetlands; Whales & Dolphins

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