Report to Congress (1993) – Cement Kiln Dust Waste

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The Report to Congress addresses the following eight study factors required by §8002(o) of RCRA for CKD:

Source and volumes of such materials generated per year;
Present disposal practices;
Potential danger, if any, to human health and the environment from the disposal of such materials;
Documented cases in which danger to human health or the environment has been proved;
Alternatives to current disposal methods;
Costs of such alternatives;
Impact of those alternatives on the use of natural resources; and
Current and potential utilization of such materials.

This Report to Congress consists of two volumes: an Executive Summary and Methods and Findings.

Volume I: Executive Summary

Volume II: Methods and Findings

Chapter 1: Introduction (PDF) (10 pp, 32K)
Chapter 2: Cement Industry Overview (PDF) (46 pp, 324K)
Chapter 3: CKD Generation and Characteristics (PDF) (79 pp, 451K)
Chapter 4: Current Management Practices for CKD (PDF) (16 pp, 168K)
Chapter 5: Documented and Potential Damages from Management of CKD (PDF) (54 pp, 334K)
Chapter 6: Potential Danger to Human Health and the Environment (PDF) (66 pp, 334K)
Chapter 7: Existing Regulatory Controls on CKD Management (PDF) (42 pp, 228K)
Chapter 8: Alternative CKD Management Practices and Potential Utilization (PDF) (48 pp, 235K)
Chapter 9: Cost and Economic Impacts of Alternatives to Current CKD Disposal Practices (PDF) (48 pp, 266K)
Chapter 10: Study Findings and Regulatory Options (PDF) (12 pp, 114K)
Acronyms (PDF) (2 pp, 11K)