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Particulate Matter
lFormation of PM
nPhysical attrition (10-1000 µm)
nCombustion by-products (1-1000 µm)
nNucleation (0.1-1 µm)
•Homogeneous nucleation: pre-cursor air pollutants forming PM in the atmosphere (secondary PM)
–Sulfur dioxide
–Nitrogen dioxide
–Ammonia
•Heterogeneous nucleation: binding to existing particles
–Organics
–Metals