June 2009
Front Matter
Training
35
History of Sampling
•Air toxics measurements have been collected across the country since the 1960s as part of various programs and measurement studies.
•National monitoring efforts have included programs specific to air toxics:
–National Air Toxics Trends Stations (NATTS)
–Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program (UATMP)
•Some ambient monitoring networks are designed for other purposes but also provide air toxics data:
–Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station (PAMS) program
–Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) which includes the Speciation Trends Network (STN)
–Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE)
•State and local agencies have also operated long-running monitoring operations and special studies to understand air toxics in their communities.